Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-148 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 98 / Section 7-148
Sec. 7-148. Scope of municipal powers.
Status: in_force

(b) Ordinances. Powers granted to any municipality under the general statutes or by any charter or special act, unless the charter or special act provides to the contrary, shall be exercised by ordinance when the exercise of such powers has the effect of:

(1) Establishing rules or regulations of general municipal application, the violation of which may result in the imposition of a fine or other penalty including community service for not more than twenty hours; or

(2) Creating a permanent local law of general applicability.

(c) Powers. Any municipality shall have the power to do any of the following, in addition to all powers granted to municipalities under the Constitution and general statutes:

(1) Corporate powers. (A) Contract and be contracted with, sue and be sued, and institute, prosecute, maintain and defend any action or proceeding in any court of competent jurisdiction;

(B) Provide for the authentication, execution and delivery of deeds, contracts, grants, and releases of municipal property and for the issuance of evidences of indebtedness of the municipality;

(2) Finances and appropriations. (A) Establish and maintain a budget system;

(B) Assess, levy and collect taxes for general or special purposes on all property, subjects or objects which may be lawfully taxed, and regulate the mode of assessment and collection of taxes and assessments not otherwise provided for, including establishment of a procedure for the withholding of approval of building application when taxes or water or sewer rates, charges or assessments imposed by the municipality are delinquent for the property for which an application was made;

(C) Make appropriations for the support of the municipality and pay its debts;

(D) Make appropriations for the purpose of meeting a public emergency threatening the lives, health or property of citizens, provided such appropriations shall require a favorable vote of at least two-thirds of the entire membership of the legislative body or, when the legislative body is the town meeting, at least two-thirds of those present and voting;

(E) Make appropriations to military organizations, hospitals, health care facilities, public health nursing organizations, nonprofit museums and libraries, organizations providing drug abuse and dependency programs and any other private organization performing a public function;

(F) Provide for the manner in which contracts involving unusual expenditures shall be made;

(G) When not specifically prescribed by general statute or by charter, prescribe the form of proceedings and mode of assessing benefits and appraising damages in taking land for public use, or in making public improvements to be paid for, in whole or in part, by special assessments, and prescribe the manner in which all benefits assessed shall be collected;

(H) Provide for the bonding of municipal officials or employees by requiring the furnishing of such bond, conditioned upon honesty or faithful performance of duty and determine the amount, form, and sufficiency of the sureties thereof;

(I) Regulate the method of borrowing money for any purpose for which taxes may be levied and borrow on the faith and credit of the municipality for such general or special purposes and to such extent as is authorized by general statute;

(J) Provide for the temporary borrowing of money;

(K) Create a sinking fund or funds or a trust fund or funds or other special funds, including funds which do not lapse at the end of the municipal fiscal year;

(L) Provide for the assignment of municipal tax liens on real property to the extent authorized by general statute;

(3) Property. (A) Take or acquire by gift, purchase, grant, including any grant from the United States or the state, bequest or devise and hold, condemn, lease, sell, manage, transfer, release and convey such real and personal property or interest therein absolutely or in trust as the purposes of the municipality or any public use or purpose, including that of education, art, ornament, health, charity or amusement, cemeteries, parks or gardens, or the erection or maintenance of statues, monuments, buildings or other structures, require. Any lease of real or personal property or any interest therein, either as lessee or lessor, may be for such term or any extensions thereof and upon such other terms and conditions as have been approved by the municipality, including without limitation the power to bind itself to appropriate funds as necessary to meet rent and other obligations as provided in any such lease;

(B) Provide for the proper administration of gifts, grants, bequests and devises and meet such terms or conditions as are prescribed by the grantor or donor and accepted by the municipality;

(4) Public services. (A) Provide for police protection, regulate and prescribe the duties of the persons providing police protection with respect to criminal matters within the limits of the municipality and maintain and regulate a suitable place of detention within the limits of the municipality for the safekeeping of all persons arrested and awaiting trial and do all other things necessary or desirable for the policing of the municipality;

(B) Provide for fire protection, organize, maintain and regulate the persons providing fire protection, provide the necessary apparatus for extinguishing fires and do all other things necessary or desirable for the protection of the municipality from fire;

(C) Provide for entertainment, amusements, concerts, celebrations and cultural activities, including the direct or indirect purchase, ownership and operation of the assets of one or more sports franchises;

(D) Provide for ambulance service by the municipality or any person, firm or corporation;

(E) Provide for the employment of nurses;

(F) Provide for lighting the streets, highways and other public places of the municipality and for the care and preservation of public lamps, lamp posts and fixtures;

(G) Provide for the furnishing of water, by contract or otherwise;

(H) Provide for or regulate the collection and disposal of garbage, trash, rubbish, waste material and ashes by contract or otherwise, including prohibiting the throwing or placing of such materials on the highways;

(I) Provide for the financing, construction, rehabilitation, repair, improvement or subsidization of housing for low and moderate income persons and families;

(5) Personnel. (A) Provide for and establish pension systems for the officers and employees of the municipality and for the active members of any volunteer fire department or any volunteer ambulance association of the municipality, and establish a system of qualification for the tenure in office of such officers and employees, provided the rights or benefits granted to any individual under any municipal retirement or pension system shall not be diminished or eliminated;

(B) Establish a merit system or civil service system for the selection and promotion of public officials and employees. Nothing in this subparagraph shall be construed to validate any merit system or civil service system established prior to May 24, 1972;

(C) Provide for the employment of and prescribe the salaries, compensation and hours of employment of all officers and employees of the municipality and the duties of such officers and employees not expressly defined by the Constitution of the state, the general statutes, charter or special act;

(D) Provide for the appointment of a municipal historian;

(6) Public works, sewers, highways. (A) Public facilities. (i) Establish, lay out, construct, reconstruct, alter, maintain, repair, control and operate cemeteries, public burial grounds, hospitals, clinics, institutions for children and aged, infirm and chronically ill persons, bus terminals and airports and their accessories, docks, wharves, school houses, libraries, parks, playgrounds, playfields, fieldhouses, baths, bathhouses, swimming pools, gymnasiums, comfort stations, recreation places, public beaches, beach facilities, public gardens, markets, garbage and refuse disposal facilities, parking lots and other off-street parking facilities, and any and all buildings or facilities necessary or convenient for carrying on the government of the municipality;

(ii) Create, provide for, construct, regulate and maintain all things in the nature of public works and improvements;

(iii) Enter into or upon any land for the purpose of making necessary surveys or mapping in connection with any public improvement, and take by eminent domain any lands, rights, easements, privileges, franchises or structures which are necessary for the purpose of establishing, constructing or maintaining any public work, or for any municipal purpose, in the manner prescribed by the general statutes;

(iv) Regulate and protect from injury or defacement all public buildings, public monuments, trees and ornaments in public places and other public property in the municipality;

(v) Provide for the planting, rearing and preserving of shade and ornamental trees on the streets and public grounds;

(vi) Provide for improvement of waterfronts by a board, commission or otherwise;

(B) Sewers, drainage and public utilities. (i) Lay out, construct, reconstruct, repair, maintain, operate, alter, extend and discontinue sewer and drainage systems and sewage disposal plants;

(ii) Enter into or upon any land for the purpose of correcting the flow of surface water through watercourses which prevent, or may tend to prevent, the free discharge of municipal highway surface water through said courses;

(iii) Regulate the laying, location and maintenance of gas pipes, water pipes, drains, sewers, poles, wires, conduits and other structures in the streets and public places of the municipality;

(iv) Prohibit and regulate the discharge of drains from roofs of buildings over or upon the sidewalks, streets or other public places of the municipality or into sanitary sewers;

(v) Enter into energy-savings performance contracts;

(C) Highways and sidewalks. (i) Lay out, construct, reconstruct, alter, maintain, repair, control, operate, and assign numbers to streets, alleys, highways, boulevards, bridges, underpasses, sidewalks, curbs, gutters, public walks and parkways;

(ii) Keep open and safe for public use and travel and free from encroachment or obstruction the streets, sidewalks and public places in the municipality;

(iii) Control the excavation of highways and streets;

(iv) Regulate and prohibit the excavation, altering or opening of sidewalks, public places and grounds for public and private purposes and the location of any work or things thereon, whether temporary or permanent, upon or under the surface thereof;

(v) Require owners or occupants of land adjacent to any sidewalk or public work to remove snow, ice, sleet, debris or any other obstruction therefrom, provide penalties upon their failure to do so, and cause such snow, ice, sleet, debris or other obstruction to be removed and make the cost of such removal a lien on such property;

(vi) Grant to abutting property owners a limited property or leasehold interest in abutting streets and sidewalks for the purpose of encouraging and supporting private commercial development;

(7) Regulatory and police powers. (A) Buildings. (i) Make rules relating to the maintenance of safe and sanitary housing and prescribe civil penalties for the violation of such rules against an owner of rental property not to exceed two thousand dollars per violation, provided if multiple violations are discovered on the same date, such violations shall be enforced as one violation, and any such owner assessed a civil penalty pursuant to this subparagraph shall have a right of appeal to the legislative body of the municipality, or to the board of selectmen in a municipality where the legislative body is a town meeting, upon the grounds that such violation was proximately caused by a tenant's reckless or wilful act;

(ii) Regulate the mode of using any buildings when such regulations seem expedient for the purpose of promoting the safety, health, morals and general welfare of the inhabitants of the municipality;

(iii) Regulate and prohibit the moving of buildings upon or through the streets or other public places of the municipality, and cause the removal and demolition of unsafe buildings and structures;

(iv) Regulate and provide for the licensing of parked trailers when located off the public highways, and trailer parks or mobile manufactured home parks, except as otherwise provided by special act and except where there exists a local zoning commission so empowered;

(v) Establish lines beyond which no buildings, steps, stoop, veranda, billboard, advertising sign or device or other structure or obstruction may be erected;

(vi) Regulate and prohibit the placing, erecting or keeping of signs, awnings or other things upon or over the sidewalks, streets and other public places of the municipality;

(vii) Regulate plumbing and house drainage;

(viii) Prohibit or regulate the construction of dwellings, apartments, boarding houses, hotels, commercial buildings, youth camps or commercial camps and commercial camping facilities in such municipality unless the sewerage facilities have been approved by the authorized officials of the municipality;

(B) Traffic. (i) Regulate and prohibit, in a manner not inconsistent with the general statutes, traffic, the operation of vehicles on streets and highways, off-street parking and on-street residential neighborhood parking areas in which on-street parking is limited to residents of a given neighborhood, as determined by the municipality;

(ii) Regulate the speed of vehicles, subject to the provisions of the general statutes relating to the regulation of the speed of motor vehicles and of animals, and the driving or leading of animals through the streets;

(iii) Require that conspicuous signage be posted in any area where a motor vehicle may be subject to towing or to the use of a wheel-locking device that renders such motor vehicle immovable, and that such signage indicate where the motor vehicle will be stored, how the vehicle may be redeemed and any costs or fees that may be charged;

(C) Building adjuncts. Regulate and prohibit the construction or use, and require the removal of sinks, cesspools, drains, sewers, privies, barns, outhouses and poultry pens and houses;

(D) Animals. (i) Regulate and prohibit the going at large of dogs and other animals in the streets and public places of the municipality and prevent cruelty to animals and all inhuman sports, except that no municipality shall adopt breed-specific dog ordinances;

(ii) Regulate and prohibit the keeping of wild or domestic animals, including reptiles, within the municipal limits or portions thereof;

(E) Nuisance. Define, prohibit and abate within the municipality all nuisances and causes thereof, and all things detrimental to the health, morals, safety, convenience and welfare of its inhabitants and cause the abatement of any nuisance at the expense of the owner or owners of the premises on which such nuisance exists;

(F) Loitering and trespassing. (i) Keep streets, sidewalks and public places free from undue noise and nuisances, and prohibit loitering thereon;

(ii) Regulate loitering on private property with the permission of the owner thereof;

(iii) Prohibit the loitering in the nighttime of minors on the streets, alleys or public places within its limits;

(iv) Prevent trespassing on public and private lands and in buildings in the municipality;

(G) Vice. Prevent vice and suppress gambling houses, houses of ill-fame and disorderly houses;

(H) Public health and safety. (i) Secure the safety of persons in or passing through the municipality by regulation of shows, processions, parades and music;

(ii) Regulate and prohibit the carrying on within the municipality of any trade, manufacture, business or profession which is, or may be, so carried on as to become prejudicial to public health, conducive to fraud and cheating, or dangerous to, or constituting an unreasonable annoyance to, those living or owning property in the vicinity;

(iii) Regulate auctions and garage and tag sales;

(iv) Prohibit, restrain, license and regulate the business of peddlers, auctioneers and junk dealers in a manner not inconsistent with the general statutes;

(v) Regulate and prohibit swimming or bathing in the public or exposed places within the municipality;

(vi) Regulate and license the operation of amusement parks and amusement arcades including, but not limited to, the regulation of mechanical rides and the establishment of the hours of operation;

(vii) Prohibit, restrain, license and regulate all sports, exhibitions, public amusements and performances and all places where games may be played;

(viii) Preserve the public peace and good order, prevent and quell riots and disorderly assemblages and prevent disturbing noises;

(ix) Establish a system to obtain a more accurate registration of births, marriages and deaths than the system provided by the general statutes in a manner not inconsistent with the general statutes;

(x) Control insect pests or plant diseases in any manner deemed appropriate;

(xi) Provide for the health of the inhabitants of the municipality and do all things necessary or desirable to secure and promote the public health;

(xii) Regulate the use of streets, sidewalks, highways, public places and grounds for public and private purposes;

(xiii) Make and enforce police, sanitary or other similar regulations and protect or promote the peace, safety, good government and welfare of the municipality and its inhabitants;

(xiv) Regulate, in addition to the requirements under section 7-282b , the installation, maintenance and operation of any device or equipment in a residence or place of business which is capable of automatically calling and relaying recorded emergency messages to any state police or municipal police or fire department telephone number or which is capable of automatically calling and relaying recorded emergency messages or other forms of emergency signals to an intermediate third party which shall thereafter call and relay such emergency messages to a state police or municipal police or fire department telephone number. Such regulations may provide for penalties for the transmittal of false alarms by such devices or equipment;

(xv) Make and enforce regulations for the prevention and remediation of housing blight or blight upon any commercial real property, including regulations reducing assessments and authorizing designated agents of the municipality to enter property during reasonable hours for the purpose of remediating blighted conditions, provided such regulations define blight and require such municipality to give written notice of any violation to the owner of the property and provide a reasonable opportunity for the owner to remediate the blighted conditions prior to any enforcement action being taken, except that a municipality may take immediate enforcement action in the case of a violation at a property that is the third or more such blight violation at such property during the prior twelve-month period, and further provided such regulations shall not authorize such municipality or its designated agents to enter any dwelling house or structure on such property, and including regulations establishing a duty to maintain property and specifying standards to determine if there is neglect; prescribe civil penalties for the violation of such regulations (I) for housing blight upon real property containing six or fewer dwelling units, of not more than one hundred fifty dollars for each day that a violation continues if such violation occurs at an occupied property, not more than two hundred fifty dollars for each day that a violation continues if such violation occurs at a vacant property, and not more than one thousand dollars for each day that a violation continues at a property if such violation is the third or more such violation at such property during the prior twelve-month period, (II) for housing blight upon real property containing more than six but fewer than forty dwelling units, not more than ten cents per square foot of each residential building upon such real property for each day that a violation continues, (III) for housing blight upon real property containing forty or more dwelling units, not more than twelve cents per square foot of each residential building upon such real property for each day that a violation continues, and (IV) for blight upon any commercial real property, not more than ten cents per square foot of any commercial building upon such real property for each day that a violation continues. If any such civil penalties are prescribed, such municipality shall adopt a citation hearing procedure in accordance with section 7-152c . For the sole purpose of determining if a violation is the third or more such violation at such property during the prior twelve-month period, “violation” means a violation of any municipal blight regulation for which the municipality has issued a notice of violation and either, in the determination of such municipality, the conditions creating such violation were previously cured or one hundred twenty days have passed from the notice of violation and the conditions creating such violation have not been cured. A third violation may also be established where three or more conditions constituting such violation exist at a property simultaneously;

(xvi) Regulate, on any property owned by or under the control of the municipality, any activity deemed to be deleterious to public health, including the burning of a lighted cigarette, cigar, pipe or similar device, whether containing, wholly or in part, tobacco or cannabis, as defined in section 21a-420 , and the use or consumption of cannabis, including, but not limited to, electronic cannabis delivery systems, as defined in section 19a-342a , or vapor products, as defined in said section, containing cannabis. If the municipality's population is greater than fifty thousand, such regulations shall designate a place in the municipality in which public consumption of cannabis is permitted. Such regulations may prohibit the smoking of cannabis and the use of electronic cannabis delivery systems and vapor products containing cannabis in the outdoor sections of a restaurant. Such regulations may prescribe penalties for the violation of such regulations, provided such fine does not exceed fifty dollars for a violation of such regulations regarding consumption by an individual or a fine in excess of one thousand dollars to any business for a violation of such regulations;

(8) The environment. (A) Provide for the protection and improvement of the environment including, but not limited to, coastal areas, wetlands and areas adjacent to waterways in a manner not inconsistent with the general statutes;

(B) Regulate the location and removal of any offensive manure or other substance or dead animals through the streets of the municipality and provide for the disposal of same;

(C) Except where there exists a local zoning commission, regulate the filling of, or removal of, soil, loam, sand or gravel from land not in public use in the whole, or in specified districts of, the municipality, and provide for the reestablishment of ground level and protection of the area by suitable cover;

(D) Regulate the emission of smoke from any chimney, smokestack or other source within the limits of the municipality, and provide for proper heating of buildings within the municipality;

(9) Human rights. (A) Provide for fair housing;

(B) Adopt a code of prohibited discriminatory practices;

(10) Miscellaneous. (A) Make all lawful regulations and ordinances in furtherance of any general powers as enumerated in this section, and prescribe penalties for the violation of the same not to exceed two hundred fifty dollars, unless otherwise specifically provided by the general statutes. Such regulations and ordinances may be enforced by citations issued by designated municipal officers or employees, provided the regulations and ordinances have been designated specifically by the municipality for enforcement by citation in the same manner in which they were adopted and the designated municipal officers or employees issue a written warning providing notice of the specific violation before issuing the citation, except that no such written warning shall be required for violations of a municipal ordinance regulating the operation or use of a dirt bike, all-terrain vehicle or mini-motorcycle;

(B) Adopt a code of ethical conduct;

(C) Establish and maintain free legal aid bureaus;

(D) Perform data processing and related administrative computer services for a fee for another municipality;

(E) Adopt the model ordinance concerning a municipal freedom of information advisory board created under subsection (f) of section 1-205 and establish a municipal freedom of information advisory board as provided by said ordinance and said section;

(F) Protect the historic or architectural character of properties or districts that are listed on, or under consideration for listing on, the National Register of Historic Places, 16a USC 470, or the state register of historic places, as defined in section 10-410 .

See Sec. 7-148ff re ordinances imposing special assessment on blighted housing.

See Sec. 14-390 re ordinance on operation and use of snowmobiles and all-terrain vehicles.

See Sec. 14-390m re ordinance on operation and use of dirt bikes and mini-motorcycles and applicable definitions.

See Sec. 29-265b re ordinance requiring rain sensor devices on automatic lawn sprinkler systems.

For constitutionality, see 95 C. 365. Cited. 102 C. 228. Vote to change compensation of town officers under section discussed. 103 C. 424, see also 104 C. 255. Grant of power to enact ordinances ordinarily implies power to repeal them. 118 C. 11. Cited. 119 C. 603. State delegated power to make traffic rules applying to all vehicles alike, but retained special power to regulate motor vehicles with specific exceptions noted in Sec. 14-162. 125 C. 501; 135 C. 71. Cited. 129 C. 109; 133 C. 29; 135 C. 421. “Regulate” does not so much imply creating a new thing as arranging and controlling that which already exists. 143 C. 152. Confers necessary power to adopt legislation regulating auctions. Id., 698. Ordinance imposing time limitations on the occupancy of land by trailers and mobile homes held constitutional. 146 C. 697. Constitutionality of ordinance licensing and regulating trailer and mobile home parks discussed; towns without zoning authorities should have power to deal with trailers and mobile homes not only in matters narrowly concerned with public health and safety but in matters concerned with economic and esthetic considerations which can affect public welfare; if ordinance which is police measure imposes a fee, such fee must be reasonably proportionate to cost of administering and enforcing the ordinance. Id., 720. Power to adopt rent control not within general delegation of police power. 147 C. 60. If charter empowers legislative body of municipality to adopt and amend its own rules of order in exercising certain legislative functions, such body need not act by ordinance or resolution. 148 C. 33. Cited. Id., 233. Attempt by common council to establish law department by ordinance ineffective where charter provisions were inconsistent with the exercise of such power. 152 C. 287; Id., 318; 158 C. 100. Cited. 166 C. 376; 181 C. 114; 183 C. 495; 203 C. 267; 227 C. 363; 234 C. 513, 538.

Cited. 1 CA 505; 13 CA 1; 17 CA 17; judgment reversed, see 212 C. 570.

Town limited in authority where city or borough has duplicate power. 14 CS 258. Test for powers by implication is necessity not convenience. 15 CS 344. Cited. 20 CS 464. Omission of any direct mention of a mobile home park as a permitted use of land anywhere in a town does not render zoning law void or unconstitutional. 21 CS 275. Town may regulate garbage disposal business; it cannot prohibit it; ordinance prohibiting transportation into a town of garbage from any other town held void. Id., 347. Zoning regulation requiring permit for commercial removal of sand and gravel not taking of property without due process; proper exercise of police power. 25 CS 125. Does not permit adoption of original “special event” ordinance. 29 CS 48. Cited. 36 CS 74.

Cited as authority for municipality to establish monetary fine for violation of housing code. 4 Conn. Cir. Ct. 244.

Subsec. (c):

Cited. 192 C. 399; 195 C. 524; 201 C. 700; 203 C. 14; 208 C. 543; 212 C. 147; 217 C. 447; 237 C. 135. Subdiv. (7)(H)(xi): Ordinance banning all cigarette vending machines was valid exercise of town's police power, and legislative enactment of Sec. 12-289a was intended to ensure that municipalities remained free to decide if local conditions warranted additional regulation of cigarette vending machines, up to and including an outright ban. 256 C. 105. In Subdiv. (1)(A), general power to sue and be sued does not mean that municipality may bring suit that it otherwise would have no standing to bring; in Subdiv. (7)(H)(xi), general power to protect health and welfare of municipal inhabitants does not mean that municipality may bring suit with that aim that it otherwise would have no standing to bring. 258 C. 313. “Public improvement”, as used in Subdiv. (6)(A)(iii), is not limited to projects that either already exist or have been approved and funded by municipality; accordingly, Subdiv. (6)(A)(iii) includes within its ambit studies intended to determine feasibility of a particular project. 274 C. 483. The grant of police powers to municipalities under section is sufficiently broad to encompass the power to require licensing and inspections of residential rental real estate. 288 C. 181. Although statutes confer on municipalities the power to control streets and to regulate traffic in order to prevent unsafe traffic conditions, under present facts, town's closure of road to prevent access from subdivision in adjoining town was inconsistent with statutes governing review of subdivision applications. 295 C. 802.

Cited. 4 CA 261; 10 CA 209; 29 CA 207. Provision enabling municipality to adopt an ordinance providing for the furnishing of water did not authorize planning commission to adopt subdivision regulations that address issues re water supply and water main extensions in a proposed subdivision. 114 CA 509.

Cited. 37 CS 124; 44 CS 389.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-294g — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 104 / Section 7-294g
Sec. 7-294g. State and local police training programs to provide training re domestic violence, child abuse, and suicide intervention procedures.
Status: in_force

(b) Each police basic training program conducted or administered by the Division of State Police within the Department of Emergency Services and Public Protection, by the Police Officer Standards and Training Council established under section 7-294b or by a municipal police department in the state shall include a course on the recognition and management of child abuse and suicide intervention procedures.

Cited. 13 CA 124.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-294mm — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 104 / Section 7-294mm
Sec. 7-294mm. Timely notification by a peace officer of a death.
Status: in_force

(b) If a peace officer is unable to notify a person who is a next of kin of a deceased person as required under subsection (a) or (c) of this section, such officer shall document the reason for the failure or delay of notification and any attempts made to make such notification.

(c) If a next of kin of a deceased person resides in a town in which the peace officer does not serve, such officer may notify such next of kin of such person's death in a manner provided for in applicable guidelines used by the law enforcement agency employing such officer, or provide notice to the law enforcement agency that serves such town in which such next of kin resides, which agency shall ensure notification in a manner provided for in such agency's applicable guidelines.

(d) If no person who is a next of kin of a deceased person is notified of such person's death as required under subsection (a) or (c) of this section, a person who is a next of kin of the deceased person may request of the Office of the Inspector General, established under section 51-277e , an investigation of such lack of notification or timely notification.

(e) For purposes of this section, “peace officer” has the same meaning as provided in section 53a-3 , “next of kin” has the same meaning as provided in section 19a-415a and “law enforcement agency” means the Division of State Police within the Department of Emergency Services and Public Protection or any municipal police department.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-329g — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 105 / Section 7-329g
Sec. 7-329g. Issuance of bonds.
Status: in_force

(b) Bonds of the port authority may be issued as serial bonds or as term bonds, or the port authority, in its discretion, may issue bonds of both types. Bonds shall be authorized by resolution of the members of the authority and shall bear such date or dates, mature at such time or times, not exceeding fifty years from their respective dates, bear interest at such rate or rates, or have provisions for the manner of determining such rate or rates, payable at such time or times, be in such denominations, be in such form, either coupon or registered, carry such registration privileges, be executed in such manner, be payable in lawful money of the United States of America at such place or places, and be subject to such terms of redemption, as such resolution or resolutions may provide. The revenue bonds or notes may be sold at public or private sale for such price or prices as the port authority shall determine. Pending preparation of the definitive bonds, the port authority may issue interim receipts or certificates which shall be exchanged for such definitive bonds.

(c) Any resolution or resolutions authorizing any revenue bonds or any issue of revenue bonds may contain provisions, which shall be a part of the contract with the holders of the revenue bonds to be authorized, as to: (1) Pledging all or any part of the revenues of a project or any revenue-producing contract or contracts made by the port authority with any individual, partnership, corporation or association or other body, public or private, to secure the payment of the revenue bonds or of any particular issue of revenue bonds, subject to such agreements with bondholders as may then exist; (2) the rentals, fees and other charges to be charged, and the amounts to be raised in each year thereby, and the use and disposition of the revenues; (3) the setting aside of reserves or sinking funds or other funds or accounts as the port authority may establish and the regulation and disposition thereof, including requirements that any such funds and accounts be held separate from or not be commingled with other funds of the port authority; (4) limitations on the right of the port authority or its agent to restrict and regulate the use of the project; (5) limitations on the purpose to which the proceeds of sale of any issue of revenue bonds then or thereafter to be issued may be applied and pledging such proceeds to secure the payment of the revenue bonds or any issue of the revenue bonds; (6) limitations on the issuance of additional bonds, the terms upon which additional bonds may be issued and secured, the refunding of outstanding bonds; (7) the procedure, if any, by which the terms of any contract with bondholders may be amended or abrogated, the amount of bonds the holders of which must consent thereto, and the manner in which such consent may be given; (8) limitations on the amount of moneys derived from the project to be expended for operating, administrative or other expenses of the port authority; (9) defining the acts or omissions to act which shall constitute a default in the duties of the port authority to holders of its obligations and providing the rights and remedies of such holders in the event of a default; (10) the mortgaging of a project and the site thereof for the purpose of securing the bondholders; and (11) provisions for the execution of reimbursement agreements or similar agreements in connection with credit facilities, including, but not limited to, letters of credit or policies of bond insurance, remarketing agreements and agreements for the purpose of moderating interest rate fluctuations.

(d) If any member whose signature or a facsimile of whose signature appears on any bonds or coupons ceases to be such member before delivery of such bonds, such signature or such facsimile shall nevertheless be valid and sufficient for all purposes the same as if he had remained in office until such delivery. Notwithstanding any of the other provisions of sections 7-329a to 7-329f , inclusive, or any recitals in any bonds issued under the provisions of said sections, all such bonds shall be deemed to be negotiable instruments under the provisions of the general statutes.

(e) Unless otherwise provided by the ordinance creating the port authority, bonds may be issued under the provisions of sections 7-329a to 7-329u , inclusive, without obtaining the consent of any commission, board, bureau or agency of the state or of any political subdivision, and without any other proceedings or the happening of other conditions or things than those proceedings, conditions or things which are specifically required by said sections.

(f) The port authority shall have power out of any funds available therefor to purchase its bonds or notes. The port authority may hold, pledge, cancel or resell such bonds, subject to and in accordance with agreements with bondholders.

(g) A port authority shall cause a copy of any bond resolution adopted by it to be filed for public inspection in its office and in the office of the clerk of each participating municipality and may thereupon cause to be published at least once in a newspaper published or circulating in each participating municipality a notice stating the fact and date of such adoption and the places where such bond resolution has been so filed for public inspection and also the date of the first publication of such notice and also stating that any action or proceeding of any kind or nature in any court questioning the validity or proper authorization of bonds provided for by the bond resolution, or the validity of any covenants, agreements or contracts provided for by the bond resolution, shall be commenced within twenty days after the first publication of such notice. If any such notice is published and if no action or proceeding questioning the validity or proper authorization of bonds provided for by the bond resolution referred to in such notice, or the validity of any covenants, agreements or contracts provided for by the bond resolution is commenced or instituted within twenty days after the first publication of said notice, then all residents and taxpayers and owners of property in each participating municipality and all other persons shall be forever barred and foreclosed from instituting or commencing any action or proceeding in any court, or from pleading any defense to any action or proceeding, questioning the validity or proper authorization of such bonds, or the validity of such covenants, agreements or contracts, and said bonds, covenants, agreements and contracts shall be conclusively deemed to be valid and binding obligations in accordance with their terms and tenor.

(h) Notwithstanding any other provision of the general statutes, (1) the state shall not, now or in the future, have any liability or responsibility with regard to any obligation issued by the port authority, and (2) no political subdivision of the state shall, now or in the future, have any liability or responsibility with regard to any obligation issued by the port authority except as expressly provided in sections 7-329a to 7-329u , inclusive.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-620b — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 119 / Section 7-620b
Sec. 7-620b. Bond issuance. Proceedings.
Status: in_force

(b) The proceedings under which bonds are authorized to be issued may, subject to the provisions of the general statutes, contain any or all of the following: (1) Provisions respecting custody of the proceeds from the sale of the bonds, including any requirements that such proceeds be held separate from or not be commingled with other funds of the municipality; (2) provisions for the investment and reinvestment of bond proceeds until such proceeds are used to pay project costs and for the disposition of any excess bond proceeds or investment earnings thereon; (3) provisions for the execution of reimbursement agreements, or similar agreements, in connection with credit facilities, including, but not limited to, letters of credit or policies of bond insurance, remarketing agreements, debt service reserve fund surety bonds and interest rate swap agreements; (4) provisions for the collection, custody, investment, reinvestment and use of the pledged revenues or other receipts, funds or moneys pledged for payment of the bonds as provided in sections 7-620 to 7-620e , inclusive; (5) provisions regarding the establishment and maintenance of reserves, sinking funds and any other funds and accounts and the regulation and disposition thereof, including requirements that any such funds and accounts be held separate from or not be commingled with other funds of the municipality; (6) covenants for the establishment or maintenance requirements with respect to facilities and properties; (7) provisions for the issuance of additional bonds on a parity with bonds issued prior to the issuance of such additional bonds, including establishment of coverage requirements, if appropriate, with respect to such bonds; (8) provisions regarding the rights and remedies available to the bond owners or any trustee under any contract, loan agreement, document, instrument or trust indenture in case of a default, including the right to appoint a trustee to represent their interests upon occurrence of any event of default, as defined in any such default proceedings, provided if any bonds are secured by a trust indenture, the respective owners of such bonds shall have no authority except as set forth in such trust indenture to appoint a separate trustee to represent them; and (9) other provisions or covenants of like or different character from the foregoing which are consistent with sections 7-620 to 7-620e , inclusive, and which the legislative body of the municipality or the board, officers or agency delegated such authority by the legislative body of the municipality shall determine in such proceedings are necessary, convenient or desirable in order to better secure the bonds, or will tend to make the bonds more marketable, and which are in the best interests of such municipality.

(c) Any provisions which may be included in proceedings authorizing the issuance of bonds under sections 7-620 to 7-620e , inclusive, may be included in an indenture of trust duly approved in accordance with sections 7-620 to 7-620e , inclusive, which secures the bonds, and in such case the provisions of such indenture shall be deemed to be a part of such proceedings as though they were expressly included therein. Any pledge made by a municipality for the issuance of bonds hereunder shall be valid and binding from the time when the pledge is made, and any revenues or other receipts, funds or moneys so pledged and thereafter received by a municipality shall be subject immediately to the lien of such pledge without any physical delivery thereof or further act. The lien of any such pledge shall be valid and binding as against all parties having claims of any kind in tort, contract or otherwise against the municipality, irrespective of whether such parties have notice of such lien. Neither the resolution nor any other instrument by which a pledge is created need be recorded. The municipality may enter into a trust indenture with a corporate trustee, which may be any trust company or bank having the powers of a trust company within or without the state, containing such provisions for protecting and enforcing the rights and remedies of the bond owners as may be reasonable and proper and not in violation of law, including covenants setting forth the duties of the municipality in relation to the exercise of its powers pursuant to sections 7-620 to 7-620e , inclusive, and the custody, safeguarding and application of all moneys. The municipality may provide by such trust indenture for the payment of the pledged revenues or other receipts, funds or moneys to the trustee under such trust indenture or to any other depository, and for the method of disbursement thereof, with such safeguards and restrictions as it may determine. All expenses incurred in carrying out such trust indenture may be treated as project costs. As used in sections 7-620 to 7-620e , inclusive, “bonds” means any bonds, including refunding bonds, notes, bond anticipation notes, interim certificates, debentures or other obligations of indebtedness.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-464 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 113 / Section 7-464
Sec. 7-464. Group insurance benefits for municipal employees, volunteer firefighters and volunteer ambulance personnel. Age discrimination. Recovery of payments from collateral sources. Liens. Equitable defenses. Definitions.
Status: in_force

(b) If the town, city or borough has less than twenty employees, no health and accident and hospital plan for such employees may provide for reduced coverage for any employee who has reached the age of sixty-five and is eligible for Medicare benefits or any employee's spouse who has reached age sixty-five and is eligible for Medicare benefits except to the extent such coverage is provided by Medicare. If the town, city or borough has twenty or more employees, the terms of any such plan shall entitle any employee who has attained the age of sixty-five and any employee's spouse who has attained the age of sixty-five to group hospital, surgical or medical insurance coverage under the same conditions as any covered employee or spouse who is under the age of sixty-five.

(c) A self-insured town, city or borough that provides group health benefits for its employees has a lien on that part of a judgment or settlement that represents payment for economic loss for medical, hospital and prescription expenses incurred by its employees and their covered dependents and family members when such expenses result from the negligence or recklessness of a third party. The self-insured town, city or borough may recover such paid health benefits from any tortfeasor recovery but only upon the following terms and conditions:

(1) In no event shall any commercial insurance company which provides health insurance benefits to the employees of a town, city or borough and their covered dependents and family members, including, but not limited to, stop loss insurance beyond a municipal self-funded medical expense amount, be entitled to any reimbursement from a tortfeasor recovery. The provisions of this subsection shall be construed to only permit a self-insured town, city or borough to recover medical expenses paid from its own revenues. The provisions of this subsection shall not be construed to permit a self-insured town, city or borough to recover medical expenses paid from an insured plan, whether insured in whole or in part.

(2) No lien shall exist against any tortfeasor recovery when the self-insured town, city or borough paid an amount equal to or less than fifteen thousand dollars for medical, hospital and prescription expenses incurred by its employee, covered dependent or family member.

(3) Any lien permitted under this subsection shall be limited to that portion of any settlement or judgment that represents payment for economic loss for medical, hospital and prescription expenses paid as of the time of settlement or judgment, and reduced as set forth in subdivision (4) of this subsection.

(4) The lien shall be reduced by:

(A) Any percentage of comparative negligence attributed to the employee under section 52-572h ;

(B) The percentage ratio that the employee's legal fees and costs bear to the total judgment or settlement recovered; and

(C) Application of equitable defenses to the lien amount claimed including, but not limited to, the make whole doctrine and unjust enrichment. If agreement cannot be reached on the application of equitable defenses to the claimed lien amount, then either the employee, covered dependent, family member or the self-insured town, city or borough may petition the Superior Court for resolution on the application of equitable defenses. Any such petition to the Superior Court shall be heard by a judge of the Superior Court and shall be privileged for a hearing assignment and any such hearing shall be held not later than thirty days after the date of filing the application.

(5) The lien shall be effective when written notice of the lien is provided to the employee or his or her attorney but only if written notice of the lien is provided prior to any settlement or the entry of judgment. Written notice shall be deemed effective if the group health plan coverage booklet provided to the employee, covered dependent or family member contains clear language in conspicuous boldface font that the employee, covered dependent or family member shall reimburse the self-insured town, city or borough from any tortfeasor recovery for medical, hospital and prescription expenses paid due to the negligence of a third party as limited by the provisions of this subsection.

(6) Upon written request from the employee, covered dependent family member or such individual's attorney after settlement or the entry of judgment, the self-insured town, city or borough shall have thirty days to provide the employee or his or her attorney with the total amount of the lien claimed. If the total amount claimed is not provided by the self-insured town, city or borough within such thirty-day period, then the self-insured town, city or borough shall be deemed to have waived any lien and shall have no further claim of lien for medical, hospital and prescription expenses paid from the tortfeasor recovery.

(d) As used in subsection (c) of this section: (1) “Self-insured town, city or borough” means a town, city or borough that provides group health benefits to its employees by paying submitted medical, hospital and prescription expense claims from its revenues; and (2) “tortfeasor recovery” means moneys paid by or on behalf of the person or entity whose negligence or recklessness caused the injuries for which medical, hospital and prescription expenses were incurred. “Tortfeasor recovery” includes claims in negligence or recklessness based upon wrongful death under section 52-555 and claims based upon negligent operation of a motor vehicle owned by the state under section 52-556 . “Tortfeasor recovery” does not include any recovery based upon liability for any torts other than negligence or recklessness, including, but not limited to, causes of action based upon any provision of the general statutes, intentional misconduct, and uninsured or underinsured motorist claims.

See Secs. 38a-513f and 38a-513g re health insurance claims data provided annually to certain municipalities and premium information required to be submitted annually by certain municipalities to Comptroller.

Legislature did not explicitly provide that section, as amended by public act 17-165, should be applied retroactively, and since section is substantive in nature, Sec. 55-3 requires that section operate prospectively. 340 C. 41.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-163e — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 98 / Section 7-163e
Sec. 7-163e. Public hearing on the sale, lease or transfer of real property owned by a municipality.
Status: in_force

(b) The provisions of subsection (a) of this section shall not apply to (1) sales of real property, except parkland, open space or playgrounds, if the fair market value of such property does not exceed ten thousand dollars, (2) renewals of leases where there is no change in use of the real property, and (3) the sale, lease or transfer of real property acquired by the municipality by foreclosure.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-536 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 116b / Section 7-536
Sec. 7-536. Definitions. Allocation of funds. Projects. Formulas. Applications for funds. Criteria for review of applications. Grants. Use of funds.
Status: in_force

(1) “Adjusted equalized net grand list per capita” means the adjusted equalized net grand list per capita determined for each town pursuant to section 10-261 ;

(2) “Density” means the population of a municipality divided by the number of square miles of the municipality;

(3) “Grant anticipation note” means a note issued in anticipation of the receipt of project grants to the municipality from moneys in the Local Capital Improvement Fund;

(4) “Local capital improvement project” means a municipal capital expenditure project for any of the following purposes: (A) Road construction, renovation, repair or resurfacing, (B) sidewalk and pavement improvements, (C) construction, renovation, enlargement or repair of sewage treatment plants and sanitary or storm, water or sewer lines, including separation of lines, (D) public building construction other than schools, including renovation, repair, code compliance, energy conservation and fire safety projects, (E) construction, renovation, enlargement or repair of dams, bridges and flood control projects, (F) construction, renovation, enlargement or repair of water treatment or filtration plants and water mains, (G) construction, renovation or enlargement of solid waste facilities, (H) improvements to public parks, (I) the preparation and revision of local capital improvement plans projected for a period of not less than five years and so prepared as to show the general description, need and estimated cost of each individual capital improvement, (J) improvements to emergency communications systems and building security systems, including for schools, (K) public housing projects, including renovations and improvements and energy conservation and the development of additional housing, (L) renovations to or construction of veterans' memorial monuments, (M) thermal imaging systems, (N) bulky waste and landfill projects, (O) the preparation and revision of municipal plans of conservation and development adopted pursuant to section 8-23 , provided such plans are endorsed by the legislative body of the municipality not more than one hundred eighty days after adoption by the commission, (P) acquisition of automatic external defibrillators, (Q) floodplain management and hazard mitigation activities, (R) on-board oil refining systems consisting of a filtration canister and evaporation canister that remove solid and liquid contaminants from lubricating oil, (S) activities related to the planning of a municipal broadband network, provided the speed of the network shall be not less than three hundred eighty-four thousand bits per second, (T) establishment of bikeways and greenways, (U) land acquisition, including for open space, and costs involved in making land available for public uses, (V) acquisition of technology related to implementation of the Department of Education's common core state standards, (W) technology upgrades, including for improvements to expand public access to government information through electronic portals and kiosks, (X) for the fiscal years ending June 30, 2013, and June 30, 2014, acquisition of snow removal equipment, capital expenditures made to improve public safety, and capital expenditures made to facilitate regional cooperation, and (Y) for hazardous tree removal or trimming for nonutility-related hazardous branches, limbs and trees on municipal property or within a municipal right-of-way. “Local capital improvement project” means only capital expenditures and includes repairs incident to reconstruction and renovation but does not include ordinary repairs and maintenance of an ongoing nature. As used in this subdivision, “floodplain management” and “hazard mitigation” have the same meanings as provided in section 25-68j ;

(5) “Municipality” means any town, city, borough, consolidated town and city or consolidated town and borough;

(6) “Population” means the number of persons according to the most recent federal decennial census, except that, in intervening years between such censuses, “population” means the number of persons according to the most recent estimate of the Department of Public Health; and

(7) “Secretary” means the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management.

(b) On February first of each year, not more than the amount as authorized by the General Assembly for the fiscal year from the resources of the Local Capital Improvement Fund shall be allocated to the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management, who shall allocate an amount to each municipality in the state in accordance with the provisions of subsection (c) of this section. The secretary shall credit all such allocated moneys to a local capital improvement account for each municipality and make local improvement project grants from such accounts to such municipalities pursuant to the provisions of this section. The secretary shall maintain records indicating, for each municipality's account, the amount credited to the account each year, the amount paid out in local capital improvement project grants and charged to the account and the balance available for additional local capital improvement project grants.

(c) Each allocation under subsection (b) of this section shall be made to municipalities in accordance with the following formula: (1) Thirty per cent of the amount shall be allocated pro rata on the basis of the ratio of the total number of miles of improved and unimproved highways in each town to the total number of miles of improved and unimproved highways in all towns in the state, as determined under sections 13a-175b and 13a-175d ; (2) twenty-five per cent of the amount shall be allotted pro rata on the basis of the following ratio: The density of each town multiplied by the population of such town shall be the numerator of the fraction. The resulting products for all the towns shall be added together, and the sum shall be the denominator of the fraction; (3) twenty-five per cent of the amount shall be allotted on the basis of the following ratio: The population of each town multiplied by the inverse of the adjusted equalized net grand list per capita of such town shall be the numerator of the fraction, and the resulting products for all the towns shall be added together and the sum shall be the denominator of the fraction; and (4) twenty per cent of the amount shall be allotted pro rata on the basis of the ratio of the population of each town to the population of the state. Any city or borough not consolidated with the town in which it is located and any town containing such a city or borough shall share the allocation to such town on the basis of the following ratio: The total taxes levied in the previous fiscal year by such town, city or borough shall be the numerator of the fraction. The total taxes levied by the town and all cities or boroughs located within such town shall be added together, and the sum shall be the denominator of the fraction. Any such city or borough may, by vote of its legislative body, direct the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management to reallocate all or a portion of the share of such city or borough to the town in which it is located.

(d) On March first of each year the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management shall indicate to each municipality the amount allocated to the municipality under subsections (b) and (c) of this section in accordance with section 4-71a .

(e) (1) Each municipality may apply to the secretary for project authorization and expense reimbursement of local capital improvement projects.

(2) Notwithstanding the deadlines imposed by this section, each municipality that has expended funds in the fiscal year ending June 30, 2013, on projects listed in subparagraphs (T) to (X), inclusive, of subdivision (4) of subsection (a) of this section may apply to the secretary for reimbursement of such expenses.

(3) (A) Notwithstanding the provisions of subdivision (2) of subsection (f) of this section, the secretary, at the secretary's discretion, may authorize expense reimbursement for a project listed in subparagraphs (T) to (Y), inclusive, of subdivision (4) of subsection (a) of this section prior to such project's inclusion on the local capital improvement plan adopted by a municipality. The secretary may require certification from the municipality that such municipality is taking steps to amend its local capital improvement plan to include such project.

(B) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (c) of this section, for the period commencing July 1, 2023, and ending June 30, 2025, the secretary shall additionally authorize expense reimbursement for any project listed in subparagraph (Y) of subdivision (4) of subsection (a) of this section from funds appropriated to the Office of Policy and Management for such projects.

(f) The secretary shall approve or disapprove each completed application for a local capital improvement project grant authorization not later than forty-five days after receipt of such application on a form prescribed by the secretary. Such application shall include a certification by the municipality that: (1) The project for which grant assistance is requested is a local capital improvement project; (2) the project is consistent with the local capital improvement plan adopted by the municipality; and (3) the grant proceeds shall not be used to satisfy a local matching requirement for any state assistance program other than the local bridge program established under sections 13a-175p to 13a-175u , inclusive. The municipality shall provide any other certification required by the secretary. The secretary shall authorize such grant if, in the secretary's opinion, the project meets the requirements set forth in this section and any other requirement imposed by the secretary and payment of such grant would not cause the local capital improvement account of the municipality, established under subsection (b) of this section, to be overdrawn. If a municipality fails to request payment within seven years of such authorization for a project, the secretary shall make no payment for such project unless the municipality requests and receives a waiver for such project on such terms and conditions as the secretary deems appropriate. On or before five years after the date of any such authorization and on or before six years after the date of any such authorization, the secretary shall notify, in writing, any municipality for which any such authorization has been made which notice shall indicate the time which has elapsed since such authorization and the date after which the secretary may not make payments for an authorized project.

(g) Each municipality may apply to the secretary for expense reimbursement at the time it submits a local capital improvement project authorization request or any time after such authorization request has been approved by the secretary. The application for expense reimbursement shall be submitted on a form prescribed by the secretary and shall contain identification of the expenses for which reimbursement is sought and certification from the municipality that: (1) Expenditures for the project conform to the provisions of subdivision (4) of subsection (a) of this section and the municipality is entitled to the reimbursement requested in the application; and (2) the municipality agrees to maintain detailed accounting records of the project reflecting the expenditures for which reimbursement has been requested and to make such records available to its independent auditor and the state. The municipality shall provide any other certification required by the secretary. Not later than five business days after such certification, the Comptroller shall draw his or her order on the Treasurer, who shall pay the grant to the municipality.

(h) Each municipality receiving a local capital improvement project grant under this section shall retain detailed accounting records of all expenses incurred relative to the local capital improvement project for which a grant is received for a period of not less than three years following the completion of such project. If the secretary determines that such records are not maintained or a review of such records indicates that such grant, or any portion thereof, was used for a purpose other than its intended purpose, the secretary shall provide written notification to the chief executive officer of the municipality of such finding. Upon issuing a finding under this section, the secretary may require the municipality to promptly pay to the state an amount equal to the amount of the grant or cause the amount of any future grant made under this section to be reduced by such amount.

(i) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsections (e), (f) and (g) of this section, on and after June 27, 2023, allocated moneys credited to the account of a municipality in accordance with subsection (b) of this section shall be issued as a grant by the secretary to such municipality not later than June thirtieth of each fiscal year. Such grants shall be used for reimbursement and costs associated with local capital improvement projects.

(j) Not later than September 1, 2024, and annually thereafter, each municipality issued a grant pursuant to subsection (i) of this section in the preceding fiscal year shall submit a report to the secretary, in a form and manner prescribed by the secretary, describing the amounts expended in such fiscal year for each of the local capital improvement projects described in subdivision (4) of subsection (a) of this section.

(k) On and after January 1, 2024, no municipality shall use any financial assistance received under this section for improvements to information technology systems to manage the century date change effect.

(l) No municipality shall be eligible to receive financial assistance under this section for reimbursement of the cost of preparing a municipal plan of conservation and development, pursuant to section 8-23 , more than once in any ten-year calendar period.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-483 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 114 / Section 7-483
Sec. 7-483. Powers granted to municipalities.
Status: in_force

(a) To acquire, receive by gift or otherwise, purchase, acquire options to purchase, own and hold as lessee or lessor any development property which is located within the borders of the municipality. Any lease shall be binding upon the municipality as lessor or lessee, including, without limitation, the term or any extension thereof and the obligation to appropriate funds as necessary to meet rent and other obligations as provided within such lease.

(b) To construct, reconstruct, rehabilitate, improve, alter, equip, maintain or repair or provide for the construction, reconstruction, improvement, alteration, equipment or maintenance or repair of any development property and let, award and enter into construction contracts, purchase orders and other contracts with respect thereto upon such terms and conditions as the municipality shall determine to be reasonable, including but not limited to reimbursement for the planning, designing, financing, construction, reconstruction, improvement, equipping, furnishing, operation and maintenance of any such development property and the settlement of any claims arising therefrom and the establishment and maintenance of reserve funds with respect to the financing of such development property.

(c) To sell, lease as lessor or lessee, grant options to purchase or to renew a lease, assign, exchange, mortgage as security for notes or bonds issued pursuant to section 7-491 or otherwise dispose of or encumber and to manage or operate any development property.

(d) To accept gifts, grants or loans of funds, property or services from any source, public or private, and comply, subject to the provisions of this chapter, with the terms and conditions thereof.

(e) To prepare or cause to be prepared plans, specifications, designs and estimates of costs for the construction, reconstruction, rehabilitation, improvement, alteration, equipping, maintenance or repair of any development property, and from time to time to modify these plans, specifications, designs or estimates.

(f) To make mortgage loans or other loans or advances to sponsors as provided in section 7-488 .

(g) When it becomes necessary and feasible for a municipality to safeguard itself from losses, to acquire, purchase, foreclose on, manage or operate, hold or dispose of development property, take assignments of rentals and leases and make and enter into all contracts, leases, agreements and arrangements necessary or incidental to the protection of its interests under any law, mortgage contract or agreement.

(h) In order to further the purposes of this chapter or to assure the payment of the principal and interest on bonds or notes of the municipality, to purchase, acquire and take assignments of notes, mortgages and other forms of security and evidences of indebtedness, purchase, acquire, attach, accept or take title to any development property by conveyance or by foreclosure, and sell, lease or rent any development property for a use specified in this chapter.

(i) To borrow money and to issue its bonds or notes or other obligations and to fund or refund the same and provide for the rights of the holders thereof as provided in this chapter.

(j) To charge and collect facility charges as provided in section 7-490 .

(k) To make and enter into all contracts and agreements necessary or incidental to the performance of its duties and the exercise of its powers in furtherance of the purposes of this chapter, including contracts and agreements with sponsors.

(l) In connection with any application or commitment for assistance under this chapter, to make and collect such fees and charges as the municipality shall determine to be reasonable.

(m) To make, modify, amend or repeal rules and regulations with respect to its operations, properties and facilities.

(n) To sue and be sued and plead and be impleaded with respect to any action taken pursuant to powers granted by this chapter.

(o) To appoint, employ or retain attorneys, accountants, architectural, engineering and financial consultants, assistants, agents and other employees as it may deem necessary or desirable and to fix their compensation.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-564 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 117 / Section 7-564
Sec. 7-564. Rights and remedies of holders of general obligations.
Status: in_force

(1) In the event the municipality shall fail or refuse to comply with the indenture or agreement with the trustee or shall default in any contract made with the holders of such general obligations, the holders of twenty-five per cent in aggregate principal amounts of such then outstanding obligations, by instrument or instruments filed with the trustee and proved or acknowledged to the satisfaction of the trustee may cause the trustee to take action for the purposes provided for in sections 7-560 to 7-579 , inclusive.

(2) Such trustee may, upon written request of the holders of twenty-five per cent in principal amount of such general obligations then outstanding, in its own name, exercise all or any of the powers of any such holders including: (A) By mandamus or other suit, action or proceeding at law or in equity, enforce all rights of the holders of such general obligations, including requiring the municipality to carry out the provisions of any contract with the holders or any indenture or agreement with the trustee and to perform its duty thereunder; (B) bring suit upon such general obligations; and (C) by action or suit in equity, enjoin any acts or things which may be unlawful or in violation of the rights of the holders of such obligations.

(3) Such trustee shall have and possess all of the powers necessary or appropriate for the exercise of any functions specifically set forth in sections 7-560 to 7-579 , inclusive, or incident to the general representation of the holders of such general obligations of such issue in the enforcement and protection of their rights.

(4) The Superior Court shall have jurisdiction of any suit, action or proceeding by or on behalf of the holders of obligations. The venue of such suit, action or proceeding shall be the judicial district in which such municipality is located.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-44 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 93 / Section 7-44
Sec. 7-44. When authenticated copies of certificates to be transmitted to other towns. Use of electronic vital records system.
Status: in_force

(b) Any registrar of vital statistics of any town or city in this state who has authorized access to an electronic vital records system may meet the certificate filing requirements of this section by using such system, except that if the town of residence does not have access to such system, the registrar of the town in which the vital event occurred shall use manual procedures to transmit an authenticated copy of the certificate to the registrar of the town of residence.

(c) Each registrar of vital statistics in this state with authorized access to the electronic vital records system of the department may access vital records through such system for the purpose of viewing, printing and issuing certificates to authorized individuals in accordance with sections 7-51 and 7-51a . Only the registrar of the town in which the vital event occurred or the department may make corrections or amendments to any such certificates.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-294z — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 104 / Section 7-294z
Sec. 7-294z. (Formerly Sec. 7-294k). Use of radar devices by state and municipal police officers.
Status: in_force

(b) On and after July 1, 1992, no speed monitoring radar device that emits nonionizing radiation may be used within the confines of a patrol vehicle by any state or municipal police officer in the course of his employment for the purpose of preventing or detecting any violation of any law relating to motor vehicles.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-40 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 93 / Section 7-40
Sec. 7-40. Seal.
Status: in_force

See Sec. 51-58 re court seals.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-188 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 99 / Section 7-188
Sec. 7-188. Initiation of action for adoption, amendment or repeal of charter or home rule ordinance.
Status: in_force

(b) Any action pursuant to subsection (a) of this section shall be initiated by a resolution adopted by a two-thirds vote of the entire membership of the appointing authority of such municipality, or by petition filed with the clerk of such municipality for submission to the appointing authority and signed by not less than ten per cent of the electors of such municipality, as determined by its last-completed registry list; provided, in the case of a consolidated town and city having a town clerk and a city clerk, such petition shall be filed with the city clerk.

(c) No signature on any petition filed pursuant to subsection (b) of this section shall be valid unless it has been obtained within ninety days of the filing of the page of the petition on which it appears. Any elector signing such a petition may cause his signature to be removed at any time prior to the filing of such petition with the clerk. The clerk with whom the petition is filed shall proceed forthwith to determine its sufficiency by comparing the signatures thereon with those contained in said registry list and shall certify its sufficiency or insufficiency to the appointing authority.

(d) After a resolution has been so adopted by the appointing authority or a petition has been so certified as sufficient, as the case may be, the appointing authority shall not adopt any resolution initiating such action and the clerk shall not accept any petition for the initiation of such action until such time as the commission appointed pursuant to such original resolution or petition has been terminated.

See Sec. 7-328a re home rule action.

Cited. 140 C. 517. Home rule, so far as it relates to charter changes, may be exercised only in accordance with general statutes. 150 C. 24. Purpose behind act is to enable municipalities to draft or amend charters without necessity of action by General Assembly; as to method or procedure of assessment, the Home Rule Act, being later in time, takes precedence over any inconsistent provisions in the Waterbury charter. 152 C. 423. Act exhibits legislative intent to add a new power to those which municipalities already had without affecting existing powers. Id., 424. Cited. 178 C. 81; 180 C. 243; 182 C. 253; 188 C. 276; 190 C. 736; 193 C. 1; 216 C. 112; 234 C. 513.

Cited. 37 CA 348.

Adoption of municipal charter does not invalidate special acts prior thereto establishing special districts. 28 CS 413. A charter provision cannot repeal or nullify the general statutes. 31 CS 392.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-389 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 110 / Section 7-389
Sec. 7-389. Financing of change in fiscal year.
Status: in_force

(b) Any municipality proposing a change in its fiscal year to comply with the provisions of this chapter which has not begun compliance on or before July 1, 1987, may enact an ordinance authorizing the issuance of its bonds or notes and may issue its bonds or notes in such amounts as may be necessary to finance, in whole or in part, the period set forth in subdivisions (1) and (2) of section 7-382 in addition to or without a surplus in its general fund as provided in subsection (a) of this section.

Cited. 178 C. 81.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-17 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 92 / Section 7-17
Sec. 7-17. Oath of town clerks.
Status: in_force

See Sec. 9-1 for applicable definitions.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-560 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 117 / Section 7-560
Sec. 7-560. Definitions.
Status: in_force

(1) “Attorney General” means the Attorney General of the state of Connecticut.

(2) “Certified municipality” means a municipality that has been certified as a tier I or tier II municipality by the secretary.

(3) “Chief executive officer” means the officer described in section 7-193 .

(4) “Debt service payment fund” means the fund into which the proceeds of the property tax intercept procedure are deposited and from which debt service on all outstanding general obligations of a municipality which have a term of more than one year and additionally all outstanding general obligations which the municipality determines are to be supported by the tax intercept procedure shall be paid as provided in subsection (a) of section 7-394b and sections 7-560 to 7-579 , inclusive.

(5) “Debt service payment fund requirement” means an amount at least equal to the aggregate amount of principal, sinking fund installments, if any, and interest during the then current fiscal year as the same become due and payable on all outstanding general obligations of the municipality which have a term of more than one year and additionally all outstanding general obligations which the municipality determines are to be supported by the tax intercept procedure.

(6) “Deficit” means with respect to the general fund of any municipality, any cumulative excess of expenditures, encumbrances, or other uses of funds for any fiscal year and all prior fiscal years over revenues of the municipality for such period and the prior year's unassigned fund balance, as reflected in the most recent audited financial statements of such municipality. For purposes of determining such excess, revenues shall not include the proceeds of tax anticipation notes and expenditures shall not include any principal payment of tax anticipation notes.

(7) “Deficit obligation” means any general obligation with a term of more than one year or any bond or any note issued in anticipation thereof, issued by a municipality either for the purpose of or having the effect of reducing, eliminating or preventing a general fund, special revenue fund or enterprise fund deficiency, other than any obligation issued pursuant to chapter 110.

(8) “Designated tier I municipality” means a municipality designated as a tier I municipality in accordance with the provisions of section 7-576a .

(9) “Designated tier II municipality” means a municipality designated as a tier II municipality in accordance with the provisions of section 7-576b .

(10) “Designated tier III municipality” means a municipality designated as a tier III municipality in accordance with the provisions of section 7-576c .

(11) “Designated tier IV municipality” means a municipality designated as a tier IV municipality in accordance with the provisions of section 7-576e .

(12) “Equalized mill rate” means the tax rate derived from the most recent available grand levy of a municipality divided by the equalized net grand list on which such levy is based, as determined by the secretary in accordance with section 10-261a .

(13) “Fund balance” means the amount that assets and deferred outflow of resources of a municipality's general fund exceeds the liabilities and deferred inflow of resources of the general fund of the municipality, as of the fiscal year ended as reflected in the municipality's most recent audited financial statements presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

(14) “Fund balance percentage” means the fund balance of the general fund of a municipality as of the fiscal year ended in the municipality's most recent audited financial statements and presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, divided by the sum of revenues of the general fund and operating transfers into the general fund for the fiscal year.

(15) “General fund deficiency” means a deficit or a projected fiscal year deficit, or both.

(16) “General obligation” means an obligation issued by a municipality and secured by the full faith and credit and taxing power of such municipality including any contingent obligation which is payable from the general fund and is subject to annual appropriation.

(17) “Maximum required capital reserve” means the maximum aggregate amount of principal, interest and other amounts due and owing during any succeeding fiscal year, excluding any sinking fund installments payable in a prior fiscal year on outstanding general obligations of a certified municipality supported by a special capital reserve fund issued pursuant to subsection (a) of section 7-394b and sections 7-568 to 7-579 , inclusive.

(18) “Minimum required capital reserve” means the aggregate amount of principal, sinking fund installments, interest and other amounts due and owing during the next succeeding fiscal year on outstanding general obligations of a certified municipality supported by a special capital reserve fund pursuant to subsection (a) of section 7-394b and sections 7-560 to 7-579 , inclusive.

(19) “Municipal Accountability Review Board” means the Municipal Accountability Review Board established pursuant to section 7-576d .

(20) “Municipal aid” means formula grants, grants, payments in lieu of taxes, reimbursements, payments and other funding provided by the state to municipalities and used to fund municipal general fund budgets, including education budgets.

(21) “Municipal Finance Advisory Commission” means the Municipal Finance Advisory Commission established in section 7-394b .

(22) “Municipal restructuring fund loan” means a loan received by a municipality from the Municipal Restructuring Fund pursuant to section 7-576i .

(23) “Municipal revenue increase in fiscal year ending June 30, 2018, as a per cent of revenues” means the net difference in estimated municipal revenues from state sources and new municipal taxing authority as compiled by the secretary pursuant to section 4-71b for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2018, as compared to the estimated municipal revenues from such sources compiled by the secretary pursuant to section 4-71b for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2017, divided by the sum of revenues of the general fund and operating transfers into the general fund as reported in the municipality's audited financial statements for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2016.

(24) “Municipality” means any town, city, borough, consolidated town and city, consolidated city and borough, any metropolitan district, any district, as defined in section 7-324 , and any other political subdivision of the state having the power to levy taxes and to issue bonds, notes or other obligations.

(25) “Obligation” means any bond, bond anticipation note or other interim funding obligation, certificate of participation, security, financing lease, installment purchase agreements, capital lease, receivable or other asset sale, refinancing covered by this definition and any other transaction which constitutes debt in accordance with both municipal reporting standards in section 7-394a and the regulations prescribing municipal financial reporting adopted by the secretary.

(26) “Outstanding obligation” means any obligation with respect to which a principal or interest payment, sinking fund installment or other payment or deposit is, or will be, due in the future and for which moneys or defeasance securities have not been deposited in escrow.

(27) “Projected fiscal year deficit” means, with respect to the general fund of any municipality during any fiscal year, the excess of estimated expenditures and uses of funds for the fiscal year over estimated revenues and any cumulative unassigned general fund balance from the prior fiscal year. For purposes of determining such excess, estimated revenues shall not include the proceeds of tax anticipation notes and estimated expenditures shall not include any principal payment of tax anticipation notes.

(28) “Property taxes” means all taxes on real and personal property levied by the municipality in accordance with the general statutes including any interest, penalties and other related charges, and shall not mean any rent, rate, fee, special assessment or other charge based on benefit or use.

(29) “Property tax intercept procedure” means a procedure where a municipality provides for the collection and deposit in a debt service payment fund maintained with a trustee of all property taxes needed to meet the debt service payment fund requirement and which meets all the requirements of section 7-562 .

(30) “Property tax levy” means the mill rate of the municipality multiplied by the net taxable grand list of the municipality.

(31) “Revenues” means, with respect to the general fund for any municipality for any fiscal year, property taxes and other moneys that are generally available for, accounted for and deposited in the municipality's general fund.

(32) “Secretary” means the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management.

(33) “Special capital reserve fund” means the fund established pursuant to section 7-571 to secure the timely payment of principal and interest on general obligations issued by a certified municipality approved by the Treasurer pursuant to section 7-573 .

(34) “State” means the state of Connecticut.

(35) “Tier I municipality” means any municipality which has applied to and been certified by the secretary as a tier I municipality.

(36) “Tier II municipality” means any municipality which has applied to and been certified by the secretary as a tier II municipality.

(37) “Treasurer” means the Treasurer of the state of Connecticut.

(38) “Trustee” means any trust company or bank having the powers of a trust company within or without the state, appointed by the municipality as trustee for the municipality's tax intercept procedure or special capital reserve fund and approved by the Treasurer, as well as any successor trust company or bank having the powers of a trust company within or without the state succeeding a prior trust company or bank as trustee, so appointed and approved.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-407 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 113 / Section 7-407
Sec. 7-407. Method of adoption.
Status: in_force

See Sec. 9-1 for applicable definitions.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-562 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 117 / Section 7-562
Sec. 7-562. Documentation for issuance of general obligations. Requirements for intercept procedures and debt service payment fund. Percentage or amount of property tax deposited in fund. Fund use.
Status: in_force

(b) Each such property tax intercept procedure and debt service payment fund shall: (1) Take effect immediately upon the issuance of such obligations; (2) provide that all outstanding general obligations of the municipality which have a term of more than one year shall be supported by and paid from debt service payment fund and that property taxes collected by the tax collector of such municipality shall be deposited in such debt service payment fund as provided in subsection (a) of this section; and (3) provide that the tax intercept procedure, the debt service payment fund, any indenture or agreement establishing them, may be amended by the municipality without the consent of any holder of any obligation of the municipality if such amendment does not impair the rights of the holders and is requested by the secretary or the Treasurer.

(c) Prior to the issuance of any general obligation and on or prior to the first day of each fiscal year thereafter, a municipality pursuant to its tax intercept procedure shall determine the percentage or amounts of property taxes to be deposited in such debt service payment fund, the time that such taxes shall be deposited therein and such other terms, conditions and requirements as such municipality shall determine to be in the best interest of the municipality, provided such terms, conditions and requirements shall assure that the debt service payment fund shall have money deposited therein by such dates so as to satisfy, and in amounts equal to or in excess of, the debt service payment requirement. Pursuant to the tax intercept procedure, the chief executive officer of such municipality shall certify to both the tax collector of such municipality and the trustee of the debt service payment requirement, the percentage or amount and the time for deposit of the property taxes therein and such other matters with respect to the operations of the fund as may be required by the tax intercept procedure. Such percentage, amount and time shall be sufficient to assure that the debt service payment fund shall at all times have sufficient moneys available to meet the debt service payment fund requirement. The tax collector shall, immediately upon receipt, remit such property taxes in the percentage or amount and at the time set forth in such certificate to the trustee for deposit in the debt service payment fund. Nothing shall preclude the municipality or its duly authorized officers from causing additional amounts of municipal taxes or other funds to be deposited in the fund.

(d) If the percentage or amount and the time for deposit of the property taxes and such other matters with respect to the operations of the fund as may be required by the tax intercept procedure are not sufficient to meet the debt service payment fund requirement, the trustee and the chief executive officer shall notify the secretary and the Treasurer and thereafter all property taxes of such municipality shall be intercepted by the tax collector and tendered to the trustee for deposit in the debt service payment fund until the moneys deposited therein shall be at least equal to the debt service payment fund requirement.

(e) Funds in the debt service payment fund shall be applied only to pay the outstanding general obligations of the municipality as and when the same shall become due, provided if at any time during any fiscal year, the moneys in the debt service payment fund exceed the debt service payment fund requirement for such fiscal year, the municipality, may instruct the trustee to, and the trustee shall, subject to any restrictions in the tax intercept procedures, pay over to such municipality the amount of such excess for use by the municipality in any manner allowed by law.

(f) The trustee shall from time to time withdraw from the debt service payment fund all amounts required for the payment of debt service on all general obligations of the municipality, as the same shall become due, and shall cause the amounts so withdrawn and disbursed to the paying agents for such general obligations to be applied to such payment.

(g) The debt service payment fund and all moneys or securities therein or payable thereto are hereby declared to be property of the depositing municipality devoted to essential governmental purposes and accordingly shall not be applied to any purpose other than as provided in sections 7-560 to 7-579 , inclusive, and shall not be subject to any order, judgment, lien, execution, attachment, set-off or counterclaim by any creditor of the municipality, except the trustee.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-169e — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 98 / Section 7-169e
Sec. 7-169e. Recreational bingo for parent teacher associations or organizations. Requirements. Definitions. Records. Exemption.
Status: in_force

(b) Any parent teacher association or organization may operate and conduct bingo games for the amusement and recreation of such association's or organization's members and guests without a permit, as required by section 7-169 , provided (1) such association or organization registers annually with the municipal official and pays an annual registration fee of not more than seventy-five dollars, (2) such association or organization obtains an identification number from the municipal official, (3) such association or organization charges an admission fee of not more than one dollar, (4) each individual prize of cash or merchandise offered does not exceed fifty dollars in value, and (5) only active members of such association or organization assist in the operation of the games of bingo and assist without compensation. The municipal official may revoke any such registration for cause.

(c) Each such association or organization shall keep accurate records of receipts and disbursements related to such bingo games, and such records shall be available for inspection by the municipal official.

(d) Each such association or organization shall be exempt from the requirements of sections 7-169 and 7-169a .
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-433c — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 113 / Section 7-433c
Sec. 7-433c. Benefits for policemen or firemen disabled or dead as a result of hypertension or heart disease.
Status: in_force

(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a) of this section, those persons who began employment on or after July 1, 1996, shall not be eligible for any benefits pursuant to this section.

Only procedure mentioned for bringing claims under section is the Workmen's Compensation Act. 165 C. 615. Statute serves a public purpose and is constitutional despite its conferring a direct benefit on a certain class of individuals. 168 C. 84. Cited. 177 C. 456. Statute is neither a workers' compensation law nor occupational disease law within meaning of insurance contract. 178 C. 664. Workers' compensation statutes are not the exclusive remedy for injuries arising out of and in the course of employment where injuries claimed are compensable under this statute. 193 C. 59. Benefits under statute may be taken into account in determining maximum amount payable from pension plan; history and interpretation discussed. 194 C. 139. Purpose not to remove benefits from realm of arm's-length collective bargaining but merely to ensure that they are provided for members of police and fire departments. 201 C. 577. Cited. 204 C. 563; 207 C. 665. Does not require payment of benefits to estate of a deceased recipient. 208 C. 576. Use of words “hypertensive” and “heart disease” on claim form sufficient to invoke award under section. 210 C. 423. Does not preclude award of special benefits under Sec. 31-308. 214 C. 181. Cited. Id., 189. Economic benefits qualified as “compensation” under section may include fringe benefits in certain circumstances. Id., 394. Cited. Id., 552; 217 C. 50; 220 C. 721; 222 C. 62; 224 C. 441; 231 C. 287. Benefits awarded under section are subject to review and modification procedures set forth in the Workers' Compensation Act. 252 C. 708. City employer's right to intervene in employee's negligence action against physician is incorporated into section pursuant to Sec. 31-293. 253 C. 429. Benefits paid under section are special compensation and not workers' compensation for purposes of reimbursement from Special Injury Fund pursuant to Sec. 31-306(a)(2)(A) and such a result does not deny employers a protected property interest without due process of law. 269 C. 763. Town constable was not regular member of a paid municipal police department for purposes of receiving benefits under Heart and Hypertension Act. 275 C. 246. Parties' mistake of law regarding applicability of section to their agreements was inaccurate but reasonable, and therefore agreements may not be opened. 296 C. 352. For purposes of determining limitation period under Sec. 31-294c, hypertension claim was properly treated as one for an accidental injury definitely located in time and place, rather than a repetitive trauma injury, because plaintiff failed to present evidence that hypertension was causally connected to employment; formal diagnosis of hypertension or heart disease, communicated to an employee by his or her physician, constitutes the “injury” that triggers the running of the limitation period of Sec. 31-294c. 299 C. 265. Evidence that claimant had elevated blood pressure readings, or had been advised by physician to monitor blood pressure, is insufficient to trigger one year filing period under Sec. 31-294c, rather there must be evidence that claimant knew he or she suffered from hypertension, ordinarily shown by proof claimant was informed of diagnosis by a medical professional. 302 C. 755. Hypertension diagnosis is sufficient to trigger one year filing period under Sec. 31-294c and prescription of hypertension medication is not required. Id., 767. Medical care exception in Sec. 31-294c does not apply to toll statute of limitations under this section because plaintiff failed to establish that employer previously furnished medical care for specific condition or later claimed condition was causally related to timely reported incident for which employer furnished medical care. 304 C. 571. Section's use of disjunctive “hypertension or heart disease” permits plaintiff to file a claim for benefits related to either hypertension or heart disease, and failure to timely file claim for benefits related to hypertension does not bar later timely claim for heart disease. 323 C. 607. Neither Morgan v. East Haven , 208 C. 576, nor any other legal authority barred the substitution of executrix as party claimant to the extent executrix sought payment of matured benefits; under section, matured benefits that accrued during claimant's lifetime properly pass to claimant's estate. 331 C. 672. A claim for heart disease that occurred after an initial compensable claim for hypertension under section may qualify for benefits without the need to file a new notice of claim as long as there is a causal connection between the two injuries. 334 C. 857.

Pension benefits payable under the city's ordinances must be reduced by benefits awarded under statute. 1 CA 58. Purpose of statute is to protect firemen and policemen from economic loss; measure of the loss must be determined by extent to which claimant is precluded from rejoining work force in his former capacity or any other reasonable occupation due to his disability. 2 CA 255. Benefits not retroactively applied; also not applicable to those no longer in active service, either on or off duty. 4 CA 226. Cited. 6 CA 265; 7 CA 142; 12 CA 138. No requirement than an appointment be “permanent”. 13 CA 566. Cited. 17 CA 633; 21 CA 28; 26 CA 194. In order to be eligible for any benefits for either hypertension or heart disease, plaintiff must have successfully passed a preemployment physical showing no evidence of either hypertension or heart disease. 28 CA 754. Cited. 34 CA 307; 37 CA 835. Without evidence establishing claimant's injury is result of an occupational disease, 1-year statute of limitations applies. 38 CA 1. Cited. 43 CA 773. Language of statute clearly and unambiguously mandates that for claimant to be foreclosed from the benefits of the statute, results of the preemployment physical examination must contain evidence of hypertension or heart disease. 56 CA 235. Board incorrectly interpreted Sec. 31-284b as requiring city to continue insurance coverage for plaintiff and his family once plaintiff's compensation payments under section ended. 61 CA 9. Section demonstrates clear policy of creating additional benefits for certain classes of disabled municipal employees. 66 CA 105. Member of municipal fire or police department hired before July 1, 1996, may elect to be covered under either this section or Ch. 568; statute not intended to provide its beneficiaries with dual dollar benefits, but to eliminate two of the basic requirements for coverage under Workers' Compensation Act, i.e. the causal connection between hypertension and heart disease and the employment and requirement that the illness was suffered during the course of employment. 70 CA 321. The legislative history underlying the General Assembly's replacement of the rebuttable presumption with a conclusive presumption in 1996 reveals that the General Assembly intended for all police officers and firefighters hired prior to July 1, 1996, to be grandfathered in, in an effort to balance the financial concerns of municipalities with the expectations of those police officers and firefighters already employed. 190 CA 398. A claimant who forgoes filing a claim within one year of being informed by a medical professional that he or she has a heart disease and who later files a claim for a different heart disease is precluded from receiving benefits under section. Id., 718. The definition of “member” in Sec. 7-425(5) is inapplicable to section because applying that definition would reserve eligibility for heart and hypertension benefits solely for full-time firefighters, which is inconsistent with the plain language of the section and the clear intent of the legislature. 206 CA 223. Plaintiff's employment as chief of police did not constitute a new hire date since there was no break in employment with the police department; there is no language in the section to suggest that heart and hypertension benefits are not available to claimants who continue to serve as regular members of the police department while also receiving pension benefits for prior service with the same employer. 218 CA 720.

Plaintiff not required to assume burden of proving compensability under Ch. 568 where he brought action under both Ch. 568 and this statute. 38 CS 359. Town must have organized police department under Sec. 7-274 in order for this statute to be operative. Id., 419. Cited. 39 CS 321. Claims under statute are subject to procedural requirements of Workers' Compensation Act. Id., 403.

Subsec. (a):

Definition of word “member” in Sec. 7-425(5) applies to use of such word in phrase “a uniformed member of a paid municipal fire department” in Subsec. 346 C. 711.

Benefits may not be awarded concurrently. 57 CA 472.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-392 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 111 / Section 7-392
Sec. 7-392. Making of audits and filing of statements.
Status: in_force

(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a) of this section, if the charter in any municipality contains provisions applicable with respect to selection of an independent auditor for purposes of such audit, such selection shall be conducted in accordance with the charter, provided such selection shall be subject to approval by the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management.

(c) In conjunction with each audit of its financial statements, each town shall provide for the auditing of the financial statements of each school district operating within its boundaries. In the case of a regional school district, the regional board of education shall provide for such an audit.

(d) The Commissioner of Housing shall provide for the auditing of the financial statements of each local housing authority at least once biennially. Such audit may be conducted by an independent auditor or by employees of the Department of Housing, as the commissioner may determine. The commissioner may charge any housing authority for the cost of any such audit of its accounts. Upon completion of any such audit, the commissioner shall file certified copies of the audit report with the chairman and the executive director of the housing authority, with the chief executive officer and the clerk of the municipality in which such housing authority is located and with the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management.

(e) The treasurer or other officer having authority over the financial affairs of any reporting agency shall, annually, file a statement concerning the accounts and finances of such agency with the (1) town clerk of the town in which such agency is located, and (2) Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management, upon the secretary's request. Such statement shall include, but shall not be limited to, a listing of major disbursements and sources of receipts and shall be filed not later than ninety days after the end of the fiscal year or period which is the subject of the statement. Each treasurer or other officer who fails to file a statement required pursuant to this subsection shall be fined five hundred dollars for each statement not filed. The fine shall be levied and collected by the town clerk.

Where board of finance designated firm to audit accounts but was not empowered so to do, approval by tax commissioner was invalid. 155 C. 163.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-169 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 98 / Section 7-169
Sec. 7-169. Bingo.
Status: reserved

(b) Vote of municipality. Upon a written petition of five per cent or more of the electors of any municipality requesting the selectmen, common council or other governing body of such municipality to vote upon the question of permitting the playing of bingo within such municipality, such governing body shall vote upon such question and, if the vote is in the affirmative, it shall be permitted, subject to the restrictions herein set forth, and if the vote is in the negative, bingo games shall not be permitted to be played in such municipality. When the selectmen, common council or other governing body of any municipality have voted favorably upon the question of permitting the playing of bingo games within such municipality, the playing of bingo games shall be permitted in such municipality indefinitely thereafter, without further petition or action by such governing body, unless such governing body has forbidden the playing of bingo games upon a similar written petition of five per cent or more of the electors of such municipality, whereupon bingo games shall not be permitted to be played after such negative vote.

(c) Sponsorship. No bingo game or series of bingo games shall be promoted, operated or played unless the same is sponsored and conducted exclusively by a charitable, civic, educational, fraternal, veterans' or religious organization, volunteer fire department or grange. Any such organization or group shall have been organized for not less than two years prior to its application for a bingo permit under the terms of this section. The promotion and operation of a bingo game or bingo games shall be confined solely to the qualified members of the sponsoring organization, except that the municipal official may permit any qualified member of a sponsoring organization who has registered with the municipal official, on a form prepared by the municipal official for such purpose, to assist in the operation of a bingo game sponsored by another organization. The municipal official may revoke such registration for cause.

(d) Application for permit. Any eligible organization desiring to operate bingo games in any municipality in which the governing body has voted to permit the playing thereof shall apply to the municipal official, which application shall contain a statement of the name and address of the applicant, the location of the place at which the bingo games are to be played and the seating capacity of such place, the date or dates for which a permit is sought, the class of permit sought and any other information which the municipal official reasonably requires for the protection of the public, and, upon payment of the fee provided for in this section, the municipal official is authorized to issue such permit, provided such eligible organization has been registered as provided in section 7-169a .

(e) Bingo permits. Permits shall be known as “Class A” which shall be annual one-day-per-week permits and shall permit the conduct of not more than forty and not less than fifteen bingo games on such day, “Class B” which shall permit not more than forty and not less than fifteen bingo games per day for a maximum of ten successive days, and “Class C” which shall be annual one-day-per-month permits and shall permit the conduct of not more than forty and not less than fifteen bingo games on such day. “Class A” permits shall allow the playing of bingo games no more than one day per week. Not more than two “Class B” permits shall be issued to any one organization within any twelve-month period. “Class C” permits shall allow the playing of bingo games no more than one day per month.

(f) Permit fees. The municipal official may set fees as follows: “Class A”, not to exceed seventy-five dollars; “Class B”, not to exceed ten dollars per day; and “Class C”, not to exceed fifty dollars.

(g) Records of receipts and disbursements. Each person who operates bingo games shall keep accurate records of receipts and disbursements, which shall be available for inspection by the municipal official.

(h) Prizes. Prizes offered for the winning of bingo games may consist of cash, merchandise, tickets for any lottery conducted under chapter 226, the value of which shall be the purchase price printed on such tickets, or other personal property. No permittee may offer a prize which exceeds two hundred fifty dollars in value, except that (1) a permittee may offer a prize or prizes on any one day of not less than two hundred fifty-one dollars or more than seven hundred fifty dollars in value, provided the total value of such prizes on any one day does not exceed twenty-five hundred dollars, (2) a permittee may offer one or two winner-take-all bingo games or series of bingo games played on any day on which the permittee is allowed to conduct bingo games, provided ninety per cent of all receipts from the sale of bingo cards for such winner-take-all bingo game or series of bingo games shall be awarded as prizes for such bingo games or series of bingo games and provided each prize awarded does not exceed one thousand dollars in value, (3) the holder of a Class A permit may offer two additional prizes on a weekly basis not to exceed five hundred dollars each as a special grand prize and in the event such a special grand prize is not won, the money reserved for such prize shall be added to the money reserved for the next week's special grand prize, provided no such special grand prize may accumulate for more than sixteen weeks or exceed a total of five thousand dollars, and (4) a permittee may award door prizes the aggregate value of which shall not exceed five hundred dollars in value. When more than one player wins on the call of the same number, the designated prize shall be divided equally to the next nearest dollar. If a permittee elects, no winner may receive a prize which amounts to less than ten per cent of the announced prize and in such case the total of such multiple prizes may exceed the statutory limit of such bingo game.

(i) Imposition of regulation fee. Any organization that operates or conducts a bingo game pursuant to this section shall file a return with the municipal official, on a form prepared by the municipal official, within ten days after such bingo game is held or within such further time as the municipal official may allow, and pay to the municipality in which the bingo game was conducted a fee of five per cent of the gross receipts, less the prizes awarded, including prizes reserved for special grand prize games, derived from such bingo games at each bingo session. All such returns shall be public records.

(j) Suspension or revocation of permit. Cease and desist order. Notice. Hearing. Appeals. Penalty. (1) Whenever it appears to the municipal official after an investigation that any person is violating or is about to violate any provision of this section or section 7-169a or has made any false statement in any application for a permit or in any report required by this section, the municipal official may, in his or her discretion, to protect the public welfare, order that any permit issued pursuant to this section be immediately suspended or revoked and that the person cease and desist from the actions constituting such violation or which would constitute such violation. Any person aggrieved by any order of the municipal official may appeal to the superior court for the judicial district in which the municipality is located.

(2) Whenever the municipal official revokes a permit issued pursuant to this section, the municipal official shall not issue any permit to such permittee for one year after the date of such revocation.

(3) Any person who promotes or operates any bingo game for which a permit is required pursuant to this section, or who violates any other provision of this section or section 7-169a or who makes any false statement in any application for a permit or in any report required by this section or section 7-169a or by the municipal official shall be guilty of a class D misdemeanor.

“Class B” permit does not permit bingo games on Sunday; under Sec. 53-300, bingo is a secular business. 154 C. 583.

Cited. 22 CA 229; judgment reversed, see 217 C. 612.

Cited. 33 CS 169.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-171 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 98 / Section 7-171
Sec. 7-171. Adoption of bazaar and raffle law. Opt-out.
Status: in_force

(b) On and after October 1, 2023, each town, city and borough shall be deemed to have adopted the provisions of sections 7-170 to 7-186 , inclusive. Any town, city or borough may, by ordinance, opt out of the provisions of sections 7-170 to 7-186 , inclusive, and the chief executive authority of any town, city or borough shall, upon the petition of at least five per cent of the electors of such municipality as determined by the last-completed registry list, submit the question of opting out of the provisions of sections 7-170 to 7-186 , inclusive, to a vote of the electors of such municipality at a special meeting called for such purpose within twenty-one days after the receipt of such petition. Such petition shall contain the street addresses of the signers and shall be submitted to the municipal clerk, who shall certify thereon the number of names of electors on such petition, which names are on the last-completed registry list. Each page of such petition shall contain a statement, signed under the penalties of false statement, by the person who circulated the same, that each person whose name appears on such page signed the same in person and that the circulator either knows each such signer or that the signer satisfactorily identified such signer to the circulator. The warning for such meeting shall state that the purpose of such meeting is to vote on opting out of the provisions of said sections. Such vote shall be taken and the results thereof canvassed and declared in the same manner as is provided for the election of officers of such municipality. The vote on such adoption shall be taken by a “YES” and “NO” vote on the voting tabulator and the designation of the question on the voting tabulator ballot shall be “Shall the operation of bazaars and raffles be disallowed?” and such ballot shall be provided for use in accordance with the provisions of section 9-250 . If, upon the official determination of the result of such vote, it appears that the majority of all the votes so cast are in approval of such question, the provisions of said sections shall no longer be effective in such municipality. Any town, city or borough, having once voted on the question of disallowing bazaars and raffles as herein provided, shall not vote again on such question within two years from the date of the previous vote thereon. Any subsequent vote thereon shall be taken at the next regular town, city or borough election following the receipt of a petition as herein provided, which petition shall be filed at least sixty days prior to such election, and such question may be so voted upon only at intervals of not less than two years.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-294dd — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 104 / Section 7-294dd
Sec. 7-294dd. Reimbursement for cost of police officer certification.
Status: in_force

(b) Whenever a police officer obtains certification while employed by a law enforcement unit and is subsequently hired by another law enforcement unit on or after July 1, 2016, and within two years of such officer obtaining such certification, the law enforcement unit hiring the police officer shall reimburse the initial law enforcement unit fifty per cent of the total cost of certification. The provisions of this section shall not apply to a law enforcement unit that hires a police officer two years or more after such officer obtains certification.

(c) Nothing in this section shall be construed to affect an agreement between a police officer or a collective bargaining unit and a law enforcement unit entered into prior to July 1, 2016, that provides for the reimbursement of the cost of certification.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-108 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 97 / Section 7-108
Sec. 7-108. City or borough liable for damage done by mobs.
Status: in_force

See Sec. 51-197b re administrative appeals.

Cited. 178 C. 520; 187 C. 147; 208 C. 161; 211 C. 501.

Cited. 28 CA 277.

When municipality not liable. 30 CS 67.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-436b — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 113 / Section 7-436b
Sec. 7-436b. Credit for military service for members of fund B.
Status: in_force

(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a) of this section, the municipal employer of any member who applies on or after July 1, 1986, for such military service credit shall pay all contributions required under said subsection which are attributable to that portion of the member's military service time during which he was a prisoner of war, provided such member submits with his application for such credit sufficient proof from the United States Department of Veterans Affairs that he is a former prisoner of war. Any municipal employer which pays the contributions required under this subsection for a member who later receives a retirement allowance for permanent and total disability under this part shall, upon its written request, be refunded all such contributions paid under this subsection, provided such military service credit did not serve to increase the amount of disability retirement benefits for which the member was eligible.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-339gg — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 105b / Section 7-339gg
Sec. 7-339gg. Tax increment revenues. Assessment. District master plan fund.
Status: in_force

(b) On or after the establishment of a tax increment district and the adoption of a district master plan, the assessor of the municipality in which it is located shall certify the original assessed value of the taxable real property within the boundaries of the tax increment district. Each year after the establishment of a tax increment district, the municipal assessor shall certify the amount of (1) the current assessed value; (2) the amount by which the current assessed value has increased or decreased from the original assessed value, subject to any assessment agreements; and (3) the amount of the captured assessed value. Nothing in this subsection allows for unequal apportionment or assessment of the taxes to be paid on real property in the municipality. Subject to any assessment agreements, an owner of real property within the tax increment district shall pay real property taxes apportioned equally with property taxes paid elsewhere in the municipality.

(c) If a municipality has designated captured assessed value under subsection (a) of section 7-339ff :

(1) The municipality shall establish a district master plan fund that consists of: (A) A project cost account that is pledged to and charged with the payment of project costs that are outlined in the financial plan, including the reimbursement of project cost expenditures incurred by a public body, including the municipality, a developer, any property owner or any other third-party entity, and are paid in a manner other than as described in subparagraph (B) of this subdivision; and (B) in instances of indebtedness issued by the municipality in accordance with section 7-339jj to finance or refinance project costs, a development sinking fund account that is pledged to and charged with the (i) payment of the interest and principal as the interest and principal fall due, including any redemption premium; (ii) payment of the costs of providing or reimbursing any provider of any guarantee, letter of credit, policy of bond insurance or other credit enhancement device used to secure payment of debt service on any such indebtedness; and (iii) funding any required reserve fund;

(2) The municipality shall annually set aside all tax increment revenues on captured assessed values and deposit all such revenues to the appropriate district master plan fund account established under subdivision (1) of this subsection in the following order of priority: (A) To the development sinking fund account, an amount sufficient, together with estimated future revenues to be deposited to the account and earnings on the amount, to satisfy all annual debt service on the indebtedness issued in accordance with section 7-339jj and the financial plan, except for general obligation bonds of the municipality secured solely by the full faith and credit of the municipality; and (B) to the project cost account, all such remaining tax increment revenues on captured assessed values;

(3) The municipality shall make transfers between district master plan fund accounts established under subdivision (1) of this subsection, provided the transfers do not result in a balance in either account that is insufficient to cover the annual obligations of that account;

(4) The municipality may, at any time during the term of the tax increment district, by vote of the municipal legislative body, return to the municipal general fund any tax increment revenues remaining in either account established under subdivision (1) of this subsection in excess of those estimated to be required to satisfy the obligations of the account after taking into account any transfer made under subdivision (3) of this subsection; and

(5) Any account or fund established pursuant to subdivision (1) of this subsection shall be audited annually by an independent auditor who is a public accountant licensed to practice in this state and who meets the independence standards included in generally accepted government auditing standards. A report of such audit shall be open to public inspection. Certified copies of such audit shall be provided to the State Auditors of Public Accounts.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-26 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 92 / Section 7-26
Sec. 7-26. Errors to be corrected.
Status: in_force

See Sec. 7-14 re land records and indexes.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-148h — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 98 / Section 7-148h
Sec. 7-148h. Ethics commission; establishment and powers. Interest in conflict with discharge of duties.
Status: in_force

(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of any special act, municipal charter or ordinance to the contrary, an elected official of any town, city, district or borough that has established a board, commission, council, committee or other agency under subsection (a) of this section, has an interest that is in substantial conflict with the proper discharge of the official's duties or employment in the public interest and of the official's responsibilities as prescribed by the laws of this state, if the official has reason to believe or expect that the official, the official's spouse or dependent child, or a business with which he is associated, as defined in section 1-79 , will derive a direct monetary gain or suffer a direct monetary loss, as the case may be, by reason of the official's official activity. Any such elected official does not have an interest that is in substantial conflict with the proper discharge of the official's duties in the public interest and of the official's responsibilities as prescribed by the laws of this state, if any benefit or detriment accrues to the official, the official's spouse or dependent child, or a business with which he, his spouse or such dependent child is associated as a member of a profession, occupation or group to no greater extent than to any other member of such profession, occupation or group. Any such elected official who has a substantial conflict may not take official action on the matter.

Cited. 180 C. 243.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-35bb — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 92a / Section 7-35bb
Sec. 7-35bb. Definitions.
Status: in_force

(1) “Document” means information that is: (A) Inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form; and (B) eligible to be recorded in the land records maintained by the town clerk.

(2) “Electronic” means relating to technology having electrical, digital, magnetic, wireless, optical or electromagnetic capabilities or similar capabilities.

(3) “Electronic document” means a document that is received by the town clerk in an electronic form.

(4) “Electronic signature” means an electronic sound, symbol or process attached to or logically associated with a document and executed or adopted by a person with the intent to sign the document.

(5) “Person” means an individual, corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, joint venture, public corporation, government or governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality, or any other legal or commercial entity.

(6) “State” means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, or any territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-143 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 97 / Section 7-143
Sec. 7-143. Completion of improvement pending appeal from appraisal of damages.
Status: in_force

Running of interest. 107 C. 441; 108 C. 370. Measure of damages stated; benefits to be deducted; 109 C. 215. Not necessary for appellant to show each item was incorrect. Id., 218.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-447 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 113 / Section 7-447
Sec. 7-447. Custody and investment of funds.
Status: in_force

See Sec. 4-32 re state revenue accounting.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-118a — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 97 / Section 7-118a
Sec. 7-118a. Curbs and sidewalks to be designed with cuts at pedestrian crosswalks.
Status: in_force

(b) Any curb or sidewalk not constructed in accordance with the provisions of subsection (a) of this section shall be brought into compliance with the provisions of said subsection by the person, partnership or corporation which constructed such curb or sidewalk within ninety days from the time such person, partnership or corporation knows of such noncompliance. In the event such person, partnership or corporation fails to act in accordance with the provisions of this subsection, the state or any political subdivision thereof wherein such curb or sidewalk is located or which is responsible for the construction or replacement of such curb or sidewalk, shall bring such curb or sidewalk into compliance with the provisions of subsection (a) of this section within ninety days from the termination of the period of time provided herein for such person, partnership or corporation to bring such curb or sidewalk into compliance with the provisions of said subsection and shall be entitled to reimbursement from such person, partnership or corporation for expenses incurred in correcting such construction.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-291a — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 104 / Section 7-291a
Sec. 7-291a. Efforts re recruitment, retention and promotion of minority police officers. Annual report.
Status: in_force

(b) Not later than January 1, 2021, and annually thereafter, the board of police commissioners, the chief of police, the superintendent of police or other authority having charge of a law enforcement unit that serves a community with a relatively high concentration of minority residents shall report to the Police Officer Standards and Training Council on the community's efforts to recruit, retain and promote minority police officers.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-194 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 99 / Section 7-194
Sec. 7-194. Powers.
Status: in_force

Cited. 147 C. 60. Where charter points out particular way in which act is to be done, prescribed form must be pursued for act to be lawful. Id., 401. If charter of city grants, in general terms, power to take any land necessary to layout of highways, it is to be presumed, in absence of express words or necessary implication to the contrary, that it was not intended land already appropriated to one public use should be taken for another. Id., 478. Language in charters varies so that cases involving construction of some charters are not authoritative in determining power under others. 148 C. 233. Cited. 152 C. 422. Court held ordinances attempted to regulate public service company and were in conflict with state policy; New Haven and Hamden ordinances requiring private water company, which also served 11 other towns, to fluoridate the water it supplied them held invalid. Id., 563, 566. Ability of board of education to perform its statutory duties not destroyed by requirement that it select nonprofessional employees under civil service requirements of charter. Id., 568. A town, as a creature of the state, can exercise only such powers as are expressly granted to it, or such powers as are necessary to enable it to discharge the duties and carry into effect the objects and purposes of its creation. 153 C. 236. Regulation and disposal of refuse and garbage is town power and refuse disposal operation is not a nuisance where not in arbitrary or unreasonable manner. 156 C. 304. Cited. 158 C. 100; 162 C. 497; 171 C. 78. Town has broad authority to control traffic on its public streets which includes the closing thereof to vehicular traffic. 174 C. 282. That the legislature went to the extent of precisely enumerating numerous specific powers without mentioning subpoena power indicates it did not intend to grant municipalities such a power by way of charter adoption; former Subdiv. (26) did not authorize a municipality to grant its governing or legislative body the power to issue subpoenas. 180 C. 243. “Regulate” connotes the power to permit and control as well as to prohibit and infers limitations. 181 C. 114. Cited. 182 C. 253. Adoption of equal opportunities ordinance was valid exercise of Home Rule Act, but former Subdiv. (25) did not authorize municipality to create commission to resolve employment discrimination complaints. 183 C. 495. Cited. 185 C. 88; 186 C. 229; 188 C. 276; 193 C. 1; 196 C. 623; 203 C. 267; 208 C. 543; 237 C. 135; 241 C. 678.

Cited. 1 CA 417; 42 CA 599.

Omission of zoning powers from enumeration of specific powers granted towns under statute compels conclusion that legislature did not intend that any action under chapter should alter the declared law under the general zoning enabling act. 25 CS 378, 379. Cited. 31 CS 447; 34 CS 14. Former Subdiv. (58) provided authority to establish a merit or civil service system for selection and promotion; also contained implied power to establish a personnel appeals board. 35 CS 645. Cited. 36 CS 74; 37 CS 124.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-233b — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 101a / Section 7-233b
Sec. 7-233b. Definitions.
Status: in_force

(1) “Area of operation” means the geographic area served by a municipal electric utility at the time it becomes a member of a municipal electric energy cooperative pursuant to this chapter and such other areas as the municipal electric energy cooperative may serve pursuant to contract entered into under the provisions of this chapter;

(2) “Bonds” means bonds issued by a municipal electric energy cooperative pursuant to this chapter;

(3) “Cost” means, in addition to the usual connotations thereof, the cost of all or any property, rights, easements, privileges, agreements and franchises deemed by the municipal electric energy cooperative to be necessary or useful and convenient to a project or projects or in connection therewith, including discount on bonds, cost of issuance of bonds, engineering and inspection costs and legal expenses, cost of financial, professional and other estimates advice, organization, administrative, operating and other expenses of the municipal electric energy cooperative prior to and during the acquisition or construction of a project or projects and all such other expenses as may be necessary or incident to the financing, acquisition, construction and completion of said project or projects or part thereof and the placing of the same in operation, and also such provision or reserves for working capital, operating, maintenance or replacement expenses or for reserves for the payment of the principal of or interest on bonds during or after such acquisition or construction as the municipal electric energy cooperative may determine, and reimbursements to the municipal electric energy cooperative or any member thereof or any other participant in such project or projects of any moneys theretofore expended for the purposes of the municipal electric energy cooperative;

(4) “Electric utility” means any electric public service company, as defined in section 16-1 ;

(5) “Governing body” means the board of commissioners of a municipal electric utility or such other duly elected or appointed officials charged by law with managing the affairs of a municipal electric utility;

(6) “Member” means any municipal electric utility within the state which has been in continuous operation for at least five years and whose governing body authorizes membership in, and which becomes a member of, a municipal electric energy cooperative;

(7) “Municipal electric energy cooperative” or “municipal cooperative” means a separate legal entity hereafter created by concurrent resolutions of two or more municipal electric utilities to exercise any of the powers as provided in this chapter in connection with the acquisition, construction, reconstruction, operation, repair, extension or improvement of electric power generation or transmission facilities, or the acquisition of any interest therein or of any capacity thereof;

(8) “Municipal electric utility” means an electric department, agency or other body of a municipality which provides for the production, supply and/or distribution of electric energy to the inhabitants or any portion thereof as well as others, which department, agency or other body has been established in accordance with applicable provisions of law;

(9) “Municipality” means any town, city or borough located within the state and any district as defined in section 7-324 or special services district established under chapter 105a which is authorized to produce, supply or distribute electric energy;

(10) “Notes” means notes issued by a municipal electric energy cooperative pursuant to this chapter;

(11) “Participant” means any member of a municipal electric energy cooperative, a nonmember municipal electric utility, an electric utility, or any other public or private electric power entity located within or without the state, any of which may contract for services with a municipal electric energy cooperative pursuant to the provisions of this chapter;

(12) “Project” means any plant or plants, hydro plants, works, system, facilities, or real or personal property, together with all parts thereof and appurtenances thereto, used or useful in connection with the generation, production, transmission, purchase, sale, exchange or interchange of electric power or energy, or any interest therein or right to capacity thereof. “Project” also includes stock or other ownership interests in, or evidences of indebtedness of, any corporation or business entity which constructs electric power generation or transmission facilities or generates, produces, transmits, purchases, sells or exchanges electric power and energy to, or insures the liabilities of, public or private electric power entities located within or without the state, provided the outstanding stock of such corporation is owned in whole or in part by such public or private electric power entities;

(13) “Real property” includes lands, structures, franchises, and interests in land, including lands under water and riparian rights, and any and all things and rights usually included within said term, and includes not only fees simple absolute but also any and all lesser interests, such as easements, rights-of-way, uses, leases, licenses and all other incorporeal hereditaments, and every estate, interest or right, legal or equitable, including terms of years and liens thereon by way of judgments, mortgages or otherwise, and also claims for damage to real estate.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-341 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 106 / Section 7-341
Sec. 7-341. Oath. Expenses.
Status: in_force

What constitutes office within purview of statute. 121 C. 242.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-88 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 95 / Section 7-88
Sec. 7-88. Oaths of constables.
Status: in_force

A qualified constable reelected for ensuing term may act without being sworn. 1 R. 83. Const., Art. 10, Sec. 1, (Art. XI, Sec. 1, of revised constitution) applies only to officer thereafter appointed. 5 C. 278.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-487 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 114 / Section 7-487
Sec. 7-487. Laws governing city and town development.
Status: in_force

(b) No vote, whether taken prior to or subsequent to August 8, 1975, by the legislative body of a municipality pursuant to section 8-2 to exempt municipal property from the regulations prescribed by the zoning commission of such municipality shall apply to development property.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-281 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 104 / Section 7-281
Sec. 7-281. Execution of criminal process in towns, cities and boroughs. Execution of arrest warrants.
Status: in_force

Police officers appointed by our municipalities are officers as fully as the sheriff of the county, charged with the execution of a trust. 67 C. 310; 70 C. 121. Cited. 181 C. 562; 210 C. 333; 227 C. 363.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-545 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 116c / Section 7-545
Sec. 7-545. Definitions.
Status: in_force

(1) “Secretary” means the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management;

(2) “Municipality” means any town, consolidated town and city or consolidated town and borough;

(3) “Per capita income” for each town means that enumerated in the most recent federal decennial census of population or that enumerated in the current population report series issued by the United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, whichever is more recent and available on January first of the fiscal year two years prior to the fiscal year in which the eligibility index is prepared pursuant to subsection (b) of this section;

(4) “Adjusted equalized net grand list per capita” means the most recent adjusted equalized net grand list per capita determined for each town pursuant to section 10-261 ;

(5) “Equalized mill rate” means the tax rate derived from the most recent available grand levy of a town divided by the equalized net grand list on which such levy is based as determined by the secretary in accordance with section 10-261a ;

(6) “Per capita temporary family assistance” means the number obtained by adding together the unduplicated aggregate number of children eligible to receive benefits by town under the temporary family assistance program in October and May of each fiscal year, and dividing by two, such number to be certified and submitted annually, no later than the first day of July of the succeeding fiscal year, to the secretary by the Commissioner of Social Services. Such number shall be expressed as a percentage of the population of a town;

(7) “Unemployment rate” means the average unemployment rate of a town as reported by the Labor Commissioner on the first day of July for the latest available twelve-month period;

(8) “Eligibility index” is a measure of local burden determined by calculating a town's disparity in relation to all municipalities. Points shall be allocated for each of the following factors: (A) Per capita income, (B) adjusted equalized net grand list per capita, (C) equalized mill rate, (D) per capita temporary family assistance, and (E) unemployment rate. For each factor the variance shall be the difference between the first percentile and the one-hundredth percentile town factors. In calculating the eligibility index for unemployment rate, per capita temporary family assistance and equalized mill rate, the factor for the first percentile town shall be subtracted from the factor for the town and the result divided by the variance and multiplied by one hundred. In calculating the eligibility index for per capita income and adjusted equalized net grand list per capita, the factor for the first percentile town shall be subtracted from the factor for the town and the result shall be divided by the variance and multiplied by one hundred. The product of such multiplication shall then be subtracted from one hundred. The index points for all factors shall be totalled by town resulting in the overall eligibility index. The eligibility index listing shall be ranked for all towns from highest to lowest points according to need;

(9) “Public investment communities” are municipalities requiring financial assistance to offset their service burdens with eligibility defined as one which is in the top quartile of the “eligibility index” scale;

(10) “Grand levy” means the mill rate of the town multiplied by the net taxable grand list of the town and includes the value of special service districts if such districts contain fifty per cent or more of the value of total taxable property within the town;

(11) “Population” of a town means that enumerated in the most recent federal decennial census of the population or that enumerated in the current population report series issued by the United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census available on January first of the fiscal year two years prior to the fiscal year in which the eligibility index is prepared pursuant to subsection (b) of this section, whichever is most recent, except that for any town whose enumerated population residing in state or federal institutions within such town and attributed to such town by the census exceeds forty per cent of the population of such town, “population” shall not include persons who are incarcerated or in custodial situations, including, but not limited to, jails, prisons, hospitals or training schools or persons who reside in dormitory facilities in schools, colleges, universities or military bases.

(b) On or before July 15, 1994, and annually thereafter, the secretary shall prepare the eligibility index for Connecticut municipalities. A municipality shall continue to be a public investment community for the fiscal year in which such municipality is not included in the top quartile of the eligibility index scale and for the following four fiscal years.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-439b — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 113 / Section 7-439b
Sec. 7-439b. Cost of living adjustment to retirement allowance.
Status: in_force

(b) (1) Notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes:

(A) Each member of the Municipal Employees' Retirement Fund who retires prior to January 1, 2002, and has not attained age sixty-five shall receive on July 1, 2002, and on July first of each subsequent year a cost of living increase equal to two and one-half per cent. In the event that a member who retires prior to January 1, 2002, becomes deceased, such cost of living increase shall be applied to the allowance of the annuitant, if any. The cost of living increase provided for in this subsection shall continue until the July first following the member's sixty-fifth birthday, at which point the formula set forth in subsection (a) of this section shall become operative;

(B) Each member of the Municipal Employees' Retirement Fund who retires on or after January 1, 2002, and prior to July 1, 2025, shall receive a cost of living increase beginning on the first July first following such member's retirement date and on each subsequent July first. Such increase shall be not less than two and one-half per cent and not more than six per cent, based upon the following formula: Sixty per cent of the annual increase in the consumer price index for urban wage earners and clerical workers for the immediately preceding twelve-month period up to six per cent, plus seventy-five per cent of the annual increase in such index for the same period over six per cent. In the event a member who retires on or after January 1, 2002, and prior to July 1, 2025, becomes deceased, such cost of living adjustment shall be applied to the allowance of the annuitant, if any;

(C) Each member of the Municipal Employees' Retirement Fund who retires on or after July 1, 2025, and prior to July 1, 2026, shall receive a cost of living adjustment beginning on the first July first following the completion of twelve months of retirement and on each subsequent July first. Such increase shall be not less than two per cent and not more than seven and one-half per cent, based upon the following formula: Sixty per cent of the annual increase in the consumer price index for urban wage earners and clerical workers for the immediately preceding twelve-month period up to six per cent, plus seventy-five per cent of the annual increase in such index for the same period over six per cent. In the event a member who retires on or after January 1, 2025, and prior to July 1, 2026, becomes deceased, such cost of living adjustment shall be applied to the allowance of the annuitant, if any;

(D) Each member of the Municipal Employees' Retirement Fund who retires on or after July 1, 2026, and prior to July 1, 2027, shall receive a cost of living adjustment beginning on the first July first following the completion of twelve months of retirement and on each subsequent July first. Such increase shall be not less than one and one-half per cent and not more than seven and one-half per cent, based upon the following formula: Sixty per cent of the annual increase in the consumer price index for urban wage earners and clerical workers for the immediately preceding twelve-month period up to six per cent, plus seventy-five per cent of the annual increase in such index for the same period over six per cent. In the event a member who retires on or after January 1, 2026, and prior to July 1, 2027, becomes deceased, such cost of living adjustment shall be applied to the allowance of the annuitant, if any;

(E) Each member of the Municipal Employees' Retirement Fund who retires on or after July 1, 2027, and prior to July 1, 2028, shall receive a cost of living adjustment beginning on the first July first following the completion of twelve months of retirement and on each subsequent July first. Such increase shall be not less than one per cent and not more than seven and one-half per cent, based upon the following formula: Sixty per cent of the annual increase in the consumer price index for urban wage earners and clerical workers for the immediately preceding twelve-month period up to six per cent, plus seventy-five per cent of the annual increase in such index for the same period over six per cent. In the event a member who retires on or after January 1, 2027, and prior to July 1, 2028, becomes deceased, such cost of living adjustment shall be applied to the allowance of the annuitant, if any;

(F) Each member of the Municipal Employees' Retirement Fund who retires on or after July 1, 2028, and prior to July 1, 2029, shall receive a cost of living adjustment beginning on the first July first following the completion of twelve months of retirement and on each subsequent July first. Such increase shall be not less than one-half per cent and not more than seven and one-half per cent, based upon the following formula: Sixty per cent of the annual increase in the consumer price index for urban wage earners and clerical workers for the immediately preceding twelve-month period up to six per cent, plus seventy-five per cent of the annual increase in such index for the same period over six per cent. In the event a member who retires on or after January 1, 2028, and prior to July 1, 2029, becomes deceased, such cost of living adjustment shall be applied to the allowance of the annuitant, if any;

(G) Each member of the Municipal Employees' Retirement Fund who retires on or after July 1, 2029, shall receive a cost of living adjustment beginning on the first July first following the completion of twelve months of retirement and on each subsequent July first. If the national consumer price index for urban wage earners and clerical workers increases by two per cent or less for the twelve-month period immediately preceding any such adjustment, such adjustment shall equal the actual percentage change in such index. If the national consumer price index for urban wage earners and clerical workers increases by more than two per cent for the twelve-month period immediately preceding any such adjustment, such adjustment shall be equal to the higher of (i) two per cent, or (ii) sixty per cent of the amount of such increase for the first six per cent plus seventy-five per cent of the amount of such increase over six per cent, provided any such adjustment shall not exceed seven and one-half per cent. In the event a member who retires on or after July 1, 2029, becomes deceased, such cost of living adjustment shall be applied to the allowance of the annuitant, if any.

(2) The provisions of this subsection do not apply to members who retired under the provisions of section 7-432 .
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-148jj — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 98 / Section 7-148jj
Sec. 7-148jj. Ordinances regulating maintenance of foreclosed properties.
Status: in_force

(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a) of this section, any municipal property maintenance ordinance or regulation that applies only to the property maintenance activities of a person who holds title or a mortgage to real property located within this state and obtained by foreclosure shall continue to be effective provided such ordinance or regulation was adopted on or before October 1, 2009.

(c) Nothing in this section shall prohibit or limit a municipality from adopting or enforcing an ordinance or regulation relating to the prevention of blight pursuant to subparagraph (H)(xv) of subdivision (7) of subsection (c) of section 7-148 , the maintenance of safe and sanitary housing as provided in subparagraph (A) of subdivision (7) of subsection (c) of section 7-148 , or the abatement of nuisances as provided in subparagraph (E) of subdivision (7) of subsection (c) of section 7-148 .
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-136e — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 97 / Section 7-136e
Sec. 7-136e. Review by regional council of governments and certain state departments of application to operate foreign trade zone.
Status: in_force

(b) The Departments of Economic and Community Development, Energy and Environmental Protection and Transportation shall submit their advisory comments to the municipality and to the board established by said federal Foreign-Trade Zones Act.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-284 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 104 / Section 7-284
Sec. 7-284. Police protection at places of amusement.
Status: in_force

Cited. 213 C. 269. Section was applied to plaintiff in a manner consistent with first amendment. 236 C. 781.

Although “shall” can connote a mandatory command, the language of statute read as a whole involves discretionary acts and does not create a ministerial duty to furnish police protection. 138 CA 40.

Inapplicable to restaurants and dances at restaurants. 6 Conn. Cir. Ct. 631.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-25 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 92 / Section 7-25
Sec. 7-25. Index.
Status: in_force

See Sec. 7-14 re land records and indexes.

See Sec. 11-8i et seq. re historic documents preservation grant program for municipalities.

Cited. 30 CA 493.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-294t — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 104 / Section 7-294t
Sec. 7-294t. Eyewitness Identification and Emerging Technologies Task Force.
Status: in_force

(b) The task force shall consist of the following members or their designees: The chairpersons and ranking members of the joint standing committee of the General Assembly on the judiciary; the Chief State's Attorney; the Chief Public Defender; the Victim Advocate; an active or retired judge appointed by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court; a municipal police chief appointed by the president of the Connecticut Police Chiefs Association; the director of the Division of Scientific Services within the Department of Emergency Services and Public Protection; a representative of the Police Officer Standards and Training Council; a representative of the State Police Training School appointed by the Commissioner of Emergency Services and Public Protection; a representative of the criminal defense bar appointed by the president of the Connecticut Criminal Defense Lawyers Association; a representative from the Connecticut Innocence Project; and six public members, including the dean of a law school located in this state and a social scientist, appointed one each by the president pro tempore of the Senate, the speaker of the House of Representatives, the majority leader of the Senate, the majority leader of the House of Representatives, the minority leader of the Senate, and the minority leader of the House of Representatives.

(c) The task force may solicit and accept gifts, donations, grants or funds from any public or private source to assist the task force in carrying out its duties.

(d) The task force shall report its findings and recommendations to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly on the judiciary in accordance with section 11-4a as the task force deems appropriate.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-339cc — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 105b / Section 7-339cc
Sec. 7-339cc. Definitions.
Status: in_force

(1) “Captured assessed value” means the amount, as a percentage or stated sum, of increased assessed value that is utilized from year to year to finance project costs pursuant to the district master plan.

(2) “Current assessed value” means the assessed value of all taxable real property within a tax increment district as of October first of each year that the tax increment district remains in effect.

(3) “District master plan” means a statement of means and objectives prepared by the municipality relating to a tax increment district designed to provide new employment opportunities, retain existing employment, provide housing opportunities, improve or broaden the tax base or construct or improve the physical facilities and structures through the development of industrial, commercial, residential, retail and mixed use, transit-oriented development, downtown development or any combination thereof, as described in section 7-339ff .

(4) “Downtown” means a central business district or other commercial neighborhood area of a community that serves as a center of socioeconomic interaction in the community, characterized by a cohesive core of commercial and mixed-use buildings, often interspersed with civic, religious and residential buildings and public spaces, that are typically arranged along a main street and intersecting side streets and served by public infrastructure.

(5) “Financial plan” means a statement of the project costs and sources of revenue required to accomplish the district master plan.

(6) “Increased assessed value” means the valuation amount by which the current assessed value of a tax increment district exceeds the original assessed value of the tax increment district. If the current assessed value is equal to or less than the original assessed value, there is no increased assessed value.

(7) “Maintenance and operation” means all activities necessary to maintain facilities after they have been developed and all activities necessary to operate such facilities, including, but not limited to, informational, promotional and educational programs and safety and surveillance activities.

(8) “Original assessed value” means the assessed value of all taxable real property within a tax increment district as of October first of the tax year preceding the year in which the tax increment district was established by the legislative body of a municipality.

(9) “Project costs” means any expenditures or monetary obligations incurred or expected to be incurred that are authorized by section 7-339hh and included in a district master plan.

(10) “Tax increment” means real property taxes assessed by a municipality upon the increased assessed value of property in the tax increment district.

(11) “Tax increment district” means that area wholly within the corporate limits of a municipality that has been established and designated as such pursuant to section 7-339dd and that is to be developed under a district master plan.

(12) “Tax year” means the period of time beginning on July first and ending on the succeeding June thirtieth.

(13) “Transit” means transportation systems in which people are conveyed by means other than their own vehicles, including, but not limited to, bus systems, street cars, ferries, light rail and other rail systems.

(14) “Transit facility” means a place providing access to transit services, including, but not limited to, bus stops, bus stations, interchanges on a highway used by one or more transit providers, ferry landings, train stations, shuttle terminals and bus rapid transit stops.

(15) “Transit-oriented development” means the development of residential, commercial and employment centers within one-half mile or walking distance of a transit facility, including rail and bus rapid transit and services that meet transit supportive standards for land uses, built environment densities and walkable environments, in order to facilitate and encourage the use of those services. Transit-oriented development includes, but is not limited to, transit vehicles such as buses, ferries, vans, rail conveyances and related equipment; bus shelters and other transit-related structures; benches, signs and other transit-related infrastructure; bicycle lane construction and other bicycle-related improvements; pedestrian improvements such as crosswalks, crosswalk signals and warning systems and crosswalk curb treatments and the industrial, commercial, residential, retail and mixed-use portions of transit-oriented development projects.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-7 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 90 / Section 7-7
Sec. 7-7. Conduct of meeting of towns, societies and other municipal corporations. Vote by ballot or voting machine; when.
Status: in_force

See Sec. 9-1 for applicable definitions.

Cited. 184 C. 200; 204 C. 551; 234 C. 513.

Cited. 13 CA 325.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-440 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 113 / Section 7-440
Sec. 7-440. Contributions by members; interest; refunds to municipalities; payment to beneficiaries.
Status: in_force

(b) For the fiscal year beginning July 1, 2019, each member shall contribute to the fund five and one-half per cent of such member's pay as to that portion of pay with respect to which contributions are not to be deducted under section 7-453 and two and three-quarters per cent as to that portion of pay with respect to which contributions are to be so deducted from such pay by the municipality and forwarded not less frequently than once a month to the Retirement Commission to be credited to the fund.

(c) For the fiscal year beginning July 1, 2020, each member shall contribute to the fund six per cent of such member's pay as to that portion of pay with respect to which contributions are not to be deducted under section 7-453 and three and one-quarter per cent as to that portion of pay with respect to which contributions are to be so deducted, to be deducted from such pay by the municipality and forwarded not less frequently than once a month to the Retirement Commission to be credited to the fund.

(d) For the fiscal year beginning July 1, 2021, each member shall contribute to the fund six and one-half per cent of such member's pay as to that portion of pay with respect to which contributions are not to be deducted under section 7-453 and three and three-quarters per cent as to that portion of pay with respect to which contributions are to be so deducted from such pay by the municipality and forwarded not less frequently than once a month to the Retirement Commission to be credited to the fund.

(e) For the fiscal year beginning July 1, 2022, each member shall contribute to the fund seven per cent of such member's pay as to that portion of pay with respect to which contributions are not to be deducted under section 7-453 and four and one-quarter per cent as to that portion of pay with respect to which contributions are to be so deducted from such pay by the municipality and forwarded not less frequently than once a month to the Retirement Commission to be credited to the fund.

(f) For the fiscal year beginning July 1, 2023, each member shall contribute to the fund seven and one-half per cent of such member's pay as to that portion of pay with respect to which contributions are not to be deducted under section 7-453 and four and three-quarters per cent as to that portion of pay with respect to which contributions are to be so deducted from such pay by the municipality and forwarded not less frequently than once a month to the Retirement Commission to be credited to the fund.

(g) For the fiscal year beginning July 1, 2024, and each year thereafter, each member shall contribute to the fund eight per cent of such member's pay as to that portion of pay with respect to which contributions are not to be deducted under section 7-453 and five and one-quarter per cent as to that portion of pay with respect to which contributions are to be so deducted from such pay by the municipality and forwarded not less frequently than once a month to the Retirement Commission to be credited to the fund.

(h) In the case of members serving with the armed forces of the United States in time of war, hostilities or national emergency or any acts incident thereto, as provided in section 7-434 , the municipality shall forward to the Retirement Commission to be credited to the fund a like contribution on behalf of such member based upon his pay at the time of entering such service. Any member leaving the employment of the municipality before becoming eligible for retirement may withdraw on request to the Retirement Commission the total of all contributions made by him, including contributions made to another system and transferred to the Municipal Employees' Retirement Fund under the provisions of section 7-442b , less any retroactive contributions payable by such member under section 7-453 to the Old Age and Survivors Insurance System which have been paid from the fund under the provisions of section 7-451 , provided, if no request is made within ten years, such contributions shall revert to the fund. The withdrawal of contributions shall include interest credited from July 1, 1983, or the first of the fiscal year following the date of actual contribution, whichever is later, to the first of the fiscal year coincident with or preceding the date the employee leaves municipal service. Such interest shall be credited at the rate of five per cent per year. In addition, for the partial year during which the employee leaves municipal service or withdraws his contributions, whichever is later, interest shall be credited at the rate of five-twelfths of one per cent multiplied by the full number of months completed during that year, such interest rate to be applied to the value of contributions including any prior interest credits as of the first day of that year. Any employee who withdraws his contributions from the fund and is subsequently reinstated shall not receive credit for service for such prior employment in the computation of his eventual retirement allowance unless the withdrawn contributions plus interest, if any, have been repaid with additional interest at a rate to be determined by the commission. Any municipality which has made contributions on behalf of any member serving in the armed forces who is not reemployed by the municipality within six months following the termination of such service, unless this period is further extended by reason of disability incurred in such service, shall be entitled to receive from the fund on application to the Retirement Commission the amount of such contributions. Any municipality which has made contributions in accordance with subsection (b) of section 7-436b on behalf of any member who leaves the employment of the municipality and withdraws from the municipal employees' retirement system before becoming eligible for retirement shall be entitled to receive from the fund on application to the Retirement Commission the amount of such contributions. In case of the death of a member before retirement, who has not elected a retirement income option in accordance with the provisions of this part or who has made such election but has not completed the age and service requirements that would permit him to retire on his own application, or after retirement without having made such election, or in case of the death of the survivor of a member who has made such election and his spouse after a retirement allowance has become payable, his contributions to the fund plus such five per cent interest, if any, less any retirement allowance paid to him or his spouse, and less any retroactive contributions paid by such member to the Old Age and Survivors Insurance System which have been paid from the fund under the provisions of section 7-451 , shall be paid from the fund on the order of the Retirement Commission to the beneficiary or beneficiaries, if any, named by such member. If no named beneficiaries survive the member, or the survivor of the member and his spouse, payment shall be made to the executors or administrators of such member or his spouse, as the case may be, except that, if the amount is less than five hundred dollars, the refund may be made, at the option of the Retirement Commission, in accordance with the terms of section 45a-273 .
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-464c — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 113 / Section 7-464c
Sec. 7-464c. Retirement plans offered by a political subdivision of the state. Administration. Disclosures required.
Status: in_force

(b) On or after January 1, 2021, any company that administers a retirement plan offered by a political subdivision of the state to the employees of such political subdivision shall disclose to each participant in such retirement plan and the State Comptroller, in an electronic form and manner prescribed by the State Comptroller:

(1) The fee ratio and return, net of fees, for each investment under the retirement plan;

(2) The fees paid to any person who, for compensation, engages in the business of providing investment advice to participants in the retirement plan either directly or through publications or writings; and

(3) Any other information required to be disclosed pursuant to 29 CFR 2550.404a-5 (d), as amended from time to time, if such retirement plan is a participant-directed individual account plan, as such term is used in 29 CFR 2550.404a-5.

(c) Any such company shall be deemed to comply with the requirements of subsection (b) of this section if such company adheres to the disclosure requirements for plans governed by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 set forth in Section 2550.404a-5 of the Code of Federal Regulations, as in effect on July 1, 2017, or as amended from time to time, provided any amended disclosure requirements are substantially similar to those in effect on July 1, 2017.

(d) Each company that is subject to the disclosure requirements established in subsection (b) of this section shall make the disclosures required by said subsection upon initial enrollment in the retirement plan and at least annually thereafter.

(e) Not later than March 1, 2022, and annually thereafter, the State Comptroller shall post, on the State Comptroller's Internet web site, each disclosure that the State Comptroller received pursuant to subsection (b) of this section on or before the January first immediately preceding for the calendar year immediately preceding.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-441 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 113 / Section 7-441
Sec. 7-441. Definitions. Contributions by municipalities. Municipal issuance of employees' retirement system funding bonds. Issuance of refunding bonds. Regulations.
Status: in_force

(1) “General obligation” means an obligation issued by a municipality and secured by the full faith and credit and taxing power of such municipality;

(2) “Municipal employees' retirement system pension funding bond” means an obligation issued by a municipality to fund, in whole or in part, an outstanding unfunded accrued liability to the system;

(3) “Obligation” means any bond or any other transaction which constitutes debt in accordance with both municipal reporting standards in section 7-394a and the regulations prescribing municipal financing reporting adopted by the secretary pursuant to section 7-394a ;

(4) “Unfunded accrued liability to the system” means the amount necessary for the payment of future pensions based upon the service of members rendered prior to their becoming members of the system, less any amount transferred to the fund from any other retirement fund on account of such members, as determined by the Retirement Commission upon sound actuarial principles consistently applied; and

(5) “Weighted average maturity” means (A) the sum of the products, determined separately for each maturity or sinking fund payment date and taking into account any mandatory redemptions of the obligation, of (i) with respect to a serial obligation, the principal amount of each serial maturity of such obligation and the number of years to such maturity, or (ii) with respect to a term obligation, the dollar amount of each mandatory sinking fund payment with respect to such obligation and the number of years to such payment, divided by (B) the aggregate principal amount of such obligation.

(b) Each participating municipality shall be liable to the fund for an amount determined by the Retirement Commission on sound actuarial principles to be necessary for the payment of future pensions based upon the service of members rendered prior to their becoming members, less any amount transferred to the fund from any other retirement fund on account of such members, and for any increases in future benefits provided by amendments to this chapter to the extent that such increases are based on service prior to the effective date of such amendments; and in the case of a transfer of service credit between two participating municipalities under the provisions of section 7-442a where an increase in benefits results, the municipality to which the employee is transferred shall be liable to the fund for an amount so determined to be necessary for the payment of the increase in future pensions, based upon the service of the transferred member rendered subsequent to the commencement of his membership and prior to the effective date of transfer. The municipality shall pay annually to the Retirement Commission to be credited to the fund such amounts fixed by said commission as shall discharge such liability over a period not exceeding thirty years from the earliest effective date of participation as to any department in the Connecticut Municipal Employees' Retirement Fund, or a period not exceeding twenty years from the date of such transfer or increase in benefits, or entrance of a member into membership, whichever period shall be longer, except that the Retirement Commission may approve one consolidated amortized payment for the discharge of two or more separate liabilities running for different periods, such payments to be made over a period terminating not later than the latest date prescribed for the discharge of any one of such liabilities.

(c) All participating municipalities shall pay monthly to the Retirement Commission to be credited to the fund such proportion of the pay of all members employed by such municipality as is determined from time to time by the Retirement Commission on sound actuarial principles to be necessary in addition to the contributions by members to provide future pensions based on service rendered by members subsequent to the effective date of participation as defined in section 7-427 other than the excess pensions referred to in subsection (b) of this section. In the case of members serving with the armed forces of the United States in time of war or hostilities or national emergency, whether declared or undeclared, or any acts incident thereto, as provided in section 7-434 , the municipality shall forward to the Retirement Commission to be credited to the fund a like contribution based on the pay of such member at the time of entering such service, in addition to paying the member's contribution as provided in section 7-440 . If such member is not reemployed within six months following the termination of such service, unless this period is further extended by reason of disability incurred in such service, the municipality shall be entitled to receive from the fund, on application to the Retirement Commission, the amount of such contributions. If the Retirement Commission should find that the payments made to it under this subsection by any municipality have been more than sufficient because such municipality has elected to provide Social Security coverage for its employees, the commission, using sound actuarial principles, shall determine a refund, or a credit which shall be applied to the payments required of the same municipality under subsection (b) of this section in a manner to be determined by the commission.

(d) All municipalities shall contribute on account of retirement allowances for disability an additional proportion of the pay of members employed in such municipality to be determined by the Retirement Commission upon sound actuarial principles.

(e) Each municipality shall also pay to the Retirement Commission annually a proportionate share of the cost of the administration of the fund or funds in which it participates, as determined by the commission on the basis of the number of members employed by such municipality and the number of members retired from employment with such municipality, or their beneficiaries, who are currently receiving benefits from the retirement system established by this part.

(f) The rates of contribution provided in subsections (c) and (d) of this section shall be varied among policemen and firemen in fund B participating in the Old Age and Survivors Insurance System, other members of fund B so participating, policemen and firemen in fund B not so participating and other members of fund B not so participating, but each rate shall be uniform within each such class.

(g) If any payment due under this section is not paid within two months from the date when due, interest shall be added to such payment at the prevailing rate of interest as determined by the Retirement Commission. Such interest shall be paid by the municipality.

(h) A municipality shall pay annually to the Retirement Commission, to be credited to fund B, such amounts fixed by the commission as shall discharge said municipality's liabilities for its contributions under this subsection and section 7-436 over a period not exceeding twenty years, provided no such payments shall be due until July 1, 1974.

(i) Notwithstanding the provisions of the general statutes, any special act, charter, special act charter, home-rule ordinance, local ordinance or local law governing the authorization and issuance of bonds, notes or other obligations and the appropriation of the proceeds thereof, a municipality participating in the system that has an unfunded accrued liability to the system as of July 1, 2017, may authorize and issue municipal employees' retirement system pension funding bonds to fund all or a portion of such municipality's outstanding unfunded accrued liability to the system, as determined by the Retirement Commission upon sound actuarial principles consistently applied, and the payment of costs related to the issuance of such bonds, in accordance with the following requirements:

(1) The municipality shall, not later than thirty days prior to the issuance of municipal employees' retirement system pension funding bonds, notify the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management, State Treasurer and Retirement Commission of such municipality's intent to issue such bonds, and include with such notice (A) the amount of the outstanding unfunded accrued liability to the system based on the existing schedule of pension amortization payments, as determined by the Retirement Commission based on sound actuarial principles consistently applied; (B) the amount of any remaining annual pension amortization payments scheduled for payment by the municipality for the portion of the outstanding unfunded accrued liability to the system that will not be defrayed by such bonds; (C) a comparison of the anticipated effects of funding the outstanding unfunded accrued liability to the system through the issuance of such bonds with the funding of such liability through the annual payments scheduled for payment as determined by the Retirement Commission pursuant to subsection (b) of this section; (D) documentation of the municipality's authorization of the issuance of such bonds, including, but not limited to, a certified copy of the resolution or ordinance of the municipality authorizing the issuance of such bonds and the opinion of nationally recognized bond counsel as to the due authorization of the issuance of such bonds; and (E) other information and documentation required or requested by the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management, State Treasurer or Retirement Commission to carry out the provisions of this section; and

(2) Not later than ten days after the sale of such bonds, the municipality shall provide the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management, State Treasurer and Retirement Commission with a final financing summary. Such final financing summary shall include, but not be limited to, (A) the final official statement, if any, with respect to the issuance of such bonds, and (B) a comparison of the anticipated effects of funding the outstanding unfunded accrued liability to the system through the issuance of such bonds with the funding of such liability through the annual payments scheduled for payment, as determined by the Retirement Commission pursuant to subsection (b) of this section.

(j) Except as otherwise provided by this section, the provisions of this chapter apply to any municipal employees' retirement system pension funding bonds issued pursuant to this section. Such bonds shall be general obligations of the municipality, and shall be serial bonds maturing in annual or semiannual installments of principal or term bonds with mandatory annual or semiannual deposits of sinking fund payments into a sinking fund. Notwithstanding the provisions of the general statutes, any special act, charter, special act charter, home-rule ordinance, local ordinance or local law, (1) the first installment of any series of such bonds shall mature or the first sinking fund payment of any series of such bonds shall be due not later than eighteen months from the date of issuance of such series, and the last installment of any series of such bonds shall mature or the last sinking fund payment of any series of such bonds shall be due not later than thirty years from the date of issuance of such series; (2) any such bonds may be sold at public sale on sealed proposal, by negotiation or private placement in such manner and at such price or prices, at such time or times and on such terms or conditions as the municipality or the officers or board of the municipality delegated the authority to issue such bonds, determines to be in the best interest of the municipality; and (3) no municipality shall issue temporary notes in anticipation of the receipt of proceeds from the sale of such bonds.

(k) Proceeds of municipal employees' retirement system pension funding bonds, to the extent not applied to the payment of costs related to the issuance thereof, shall be paid to the Retirement Commission, not later than thirty days after the date of issuance of such bonds, to fund all or a portion of the outstanding unfunded accrued liability to the system for which such bonds were issued.

(l) A municipality may, pursuant to section 7-370c , authorize and issue refunding bonds to pay, fund or refund prior to maturity any municipal employees' retirement system pension funding bonds, provided, notwithstanding the provisions of section 7-370c , the weighted average maturity of such refunding bonds shall not exceed the weighted average maturity of the municipal employees' retirement system pension funding bonds being paid, funded or refunded by such refunding bonds. The municipality shall notify the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management, State Treasurer and Retirement Commission of such municipality's intention to issue refunding bonds pursuant to this subsection not less than ten days prior to the issuance of such bonds, and shall provide said Secretary, State Treasurer and Retirement Commission with copies of the final official statement, if any, prepared for such bonds not later than ten days after the issuance of such bonds.

(m) The Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management, in consultation with the State Treasurer, may adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, to establish guidelines concerning compliance by municipalities with the provisions of this section.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-84 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 94 / Section 7-84
Sec. 7-84. Record and annual report of town orders.
Status: in_force

See Sec. 7-13 re procedure for selectman's drawing order on treasurer.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-408 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 113 / Section 7-408
Sec. 7-408. Civil service board; appointment; terms of office; removal.
Status: in_force

Causes for removal of member are listed and local ordinance purporting to prohibit members of board from engaging in political activity is void. 22 CS 110.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-258 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 103 / Section 7-258
Sec. 7-258. Delinquent charge for connection or use. Lien. Assignment of liens. Powers and rights of assignee. Contract to memorialize assignment required. Notice of assignment. Notice prior to commencing an action to foreclose lien.
Status: in_force

(b) Any municipality, by resolution of its legislative body, may assign, for consideration, any and all liens filed by the tax collector or collector of sewerage system connection and use charges to secure unpaid sewerage connection and use charges as provided under the provisions of this chapter. The consideration received by the municipality shall be negotiated between the municipality and the assignee.

(c) The assignee or assignees of such liens shall have and possess the same powers and rights at law or in equity as such municipality and municipality's tax collector would have had if the lien had not been assigned with regard to the precedence and priority of such lien, the accrual of interest and the fees and expenses of collection, except that any such assignee (1) shall not be insulated from liability for its conduct by virtue of the provisions of section 42-110c , and (2) shall be obligated to provide a payoff statement, as defined in section 49-8a , in the same manner as a mortgagee in accordance with the requirements of section 49-10a . The assignee shall have the same rights to enforce such liens as any private party holding a lien on real property, including, but not limited to, foreclosure and a suit on the debt.

(d) No such assignment executed on or after July 1, 2022, shall be valid or enforceable unless memorialized in a contract executed by the authority and the assignee that is in writing and provides: (1) The manner in which the assignee will provide to the owner of the real property that is the subject of the assignment one or more addresses and telephone numbers that may be used for correspondence with the assignee about the debt and payment thereof; (2) the earliest and latest dates by which the assignee shall commence any foreclosure or suit on the debt or the manner for determining such dates, except as may be impacted by any payment arrangement, bankruptcy petition or other circumstance, provided in no event shall the assignee commence a foreclosure suit before one year has elapsed since the assignee's purchase of the lien; (3) the structure and rates of attorney's fees that the assignee may claim against the owner or owners of such real property in any foreclosure, suit on the debt or otherwise, and a prohibition from using as foreclosure counsel any attorney or law office that is owned by, employs or contracts with any person having an interest in such assignee; (4) confirmation that the owner of the real property for which the lien has been filed shall be a third-party beneficiary entitled to enforce the covenants and responsibilities of the assignee as contained in the contract; (5) a prohibition on the assignee assigning the lien without the municipality's prior written consent; (6) the detail and frequency of reports provided to the municipality's tax collector regarding the status of the assigned liens; (7) confirmation that the assignee is not ineligible, pursuant to section 31-57b , to be assigned the lien because of occupational safety and health law violations; (8) disclosure of (A) all resolved and pending arbitrations and litigation matters in which the assignee or any of its principals have been involved within the last ten years, except foreclosure actions involving liens purchased from or assigned by governmental entities, (B) all criminal proceedings that the assignee or any of its principals has ever been the subject, (C) any interest in the subject property held by the assignee or any of its principals, officers or agents, and (D) each instance in which the assignee or any of its principals was found to have violated any state or local ethics law, regulation, ordinance, code, policy or standard, or to have committed any other offense arising out of the submission of proposals or bids or the performance of work on public contract; and (9) such additional terms to which the municipality and the assignee mutually agree consistent with applicable law.

(e) The assignee, or any subsequent assignee, shall provide written notice of an assignment, not later than sixty days after the date of such assignment, to the owner and any holder of a mortgage on the real property that is the subject of the assignment, provided such owner or holder is of record as of the date of such assignment. Such notice shall include information sufficient to identify (1) the property that is subject to the lien and in which the holder has an interest, (2) the name and addresses of the assignee, and (3) the amount of unpaid taxes, interest and fees being assigned relative to the subject property as of the date of the assignment.

(f) Not less than sixty days prior to commencing an action to foreclose a lien under this section, the assignee shall provide a written notice, by first-class mail, to the holders of all first or second security interests on the property subject to the lien that were recorded before the date the assessment of the lien sought to be enforced became delinquent. Such notice shall set forth: (1) The amount of unpaid debt owed to the assignee as of the date of the notice; (2) the amount of any attorney's fees and costs incurred by the assignee in the enforcement of the lien as of the date of the notice; (3) a statement of the assignee's intention to foreclose the lien if the amounts set forth pursuant to subdivisions (1) and (2) of this subsection are not paid to the assignee on or before sixty days after the date the notice is provided; (4) the assignee's contact information, including, but not limited to, the assignee's name, mailing address, telephone number and electronic mail address, if any; and (5) instructions concerning the acceptable means of making a payment on the amounts owed to the assignee as set forth pursuant to subdivisions (1) and (2) of this subsection. Any notice required under this subsection shall be effective upon the date such notice is provided.

(g) When providing the written notice required under subsection (f) of this section, the assignee may rely on the last recorded security interest of record in identifying the name and mailing address of the holder of such interest, unless the holder of such interest is the plaintiff in an action pending in Superior Court to enforce such interest, in which case the assignee shall provide the written notice to the attorney appearing on behalf of the plaintiff.

(h) Each aspect of a foreclosure, sale or other disposition under this section, including, but not limited to, the costs, attorney fees, method, advertising, time, date, place and terms, shall be commercially reasonable.

See chapter 205 re municipal tax liens.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-37 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 93 / Section 7-37
Sec. 7-37. Town clerk, ex-officio registrar. Notice to Secretary of the State and Commissioner of Public Health of appointment of registrar, vacancy in appointed office of registrar.
Status: in_force

(b) If a registrar of vital statistics is appointed under a special law or a town charter, the appointing authority or, if none, the chief executive official of the town, shall, not later than ten days after such an appointment is made, file a notice of such appointment with the Secretary of the State, indicating the name and address of the person appointed, the date and method of such appointment and the law under which the appointment was made. Not later than ten days after a vacancy occurs in the appointed office of registrar of vital statistics, the first selectman or chief executive official of the town shall notify the Secretary of the State of such vacancy.

(c) In addition to the requirements of subsection (b) of this section, any newly elected or appointed registrar of vital statistics shall, not later than ten days after the date of assuming office, provide written notification to the Commissioner of Public Health of such election or appointment. In the event of a vacancy, the first selectman or chief executive official of the town shall notify the Commissioner of Public Health of the vacancy not later than ten days after the date of such vacancy.

See Sec. 19a-204 re certification of appointment of registrar of vital statistics.

Vote for should be as “town clerk” only. 60 C. 549.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-41 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 93 / Section 7-41
Sec. 7-41. Regulations re record keeping. Submission of certified copies to department.
Status: in_force

See Sec. 7-148 re municipal powers.

See Sec. 19a-41 re regulations specifying methods of reporting, recording, issuing, maintaining, indexing, correcting and amending vital records and statistics.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-35cc — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 92a / Section 7-35cc
Sec. 7-35cc. Validity of electronic documents.
Status: in_force

(b) If a law requires, as a condition for recording, that a document be signed, the requirement is satisfied by an electronic signature.

(c) A requirement that a document or a signature associated with a document be notarized, acknowledged, verified, witnessed or made under oath is satisfied if the electronic signature of the person authorized to perform that act, and all other information required to be included, is attached to or logically associated with the document or signature. A physical or electronic image of a stamp, impression or seal need not accompany an electronic signature.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-51 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 93 / Section 7-51
Sec. 7-51. Access to and examination and issuance of certified copies of birth and fetal death records or certificates restricted. Access to and disclosure of confidential information restricted. Fee waiver for certified copies of birth certificates for homeless young adults and youths.
Status: in_force

(2) Except as provided in section 7-53 and section 19a-42a , access to confidential files on parentage, adoption, gender change or surrogacy agreements, or information contained within such files, shall not be released to any party, including the eligible parties listed in subdivision (1) of this subsection, except upon an order of a court of competent jurisdiction.

(b) No person other than the eligible parties listed in subsection (a) of this section shall be entitled to examine or receive a copy of any birth or fetal death record or certificate, access the information contained therein, or disclose any matter contained therein, except upon written order of a court of competent jurisdiction. Nothing in this section shall be construed to permit disclosure to any person, including the eligible parties listed in subsection (a) of this section, of information contained in the “information for health and statistical use only” section or the “administrative purposes only” section of a birth certificate, unless specifically authorized by the department for statistical or research purposes. The Social Security number of the parent or parents listed on any birth certificate shall not be released to any party, except to those persons or entities authorized by state or federal law. Such confidential information, other than the excluded information set forth in this subsection, shall not be subject to subpoena or court order and shall not be admissible before any court or other tribunal.

(c) (1) The registrar of the town in which the birth or fetal death occurred or of the town in which the birth parent resided at the time of the birth or fetal death, or the department, may issue a certified copy of the certificate of birth or fetal death of any person born in this state that is kept in paper form in the custody of the registrar. Except as provided in subdivision (2) of this subsection, such certificate shall be issued upon the written request of an eligible party listed in subsection (a) of this section. Any registrar of vital statistics in this state with access, as authorized by the department, to the electronic vital records system of the department may issue a certified copy of the electronically filed certificate of birth or fetal death of any person born in this state upon the written request of an eligible party listed in subsection (a) of this section. The registrar and the department may waive the fee for the issuance of a certified copy of the certificate of birth of a certified homeless young adult to such young adult under this subsection.

(2) In the case of a certified homeless youth, such certified homeless youth and the person who is certifying the certified homeless youth as homeless, as described in section 7-36 , shall appear in person when the certified homeless youth is presenting the written request described in subdivision (1) of this subsection at (A) the office of the registrar of the town in which the certified homeless youth was born, (B) the office of the registrar of the town in which the birth parent of the certified homeless youth resided at the time of the birth, (C) if the birth certificate of the certified homeless youth has been electronically filed, any registrar of vital statistics in the state with access, as authorized by the department, to the electronic vital records system, or (D) the state vital records office of the department. The certified homeless youth shall present to the registrar or the department information sufficient to identify himself or herself as may be required by regulations adopted by the commissioner pursuant to section 7-41 . The person who is certifying the certified homeless youth as homeless shall present to the registrar or the department information sufficient to identify himself or herself as meeting the certification requirements of section 7-36 . The registrar and the department may waive the fee for the issuance of a certified copy of the certificate of birth of a homeless youth to such youth under this subsection.

(d) The department and each registrar of vital statistics shall issue only certified copies of birth certificates or fetal death certificates, except as provided in sections 7-51a and 7-53 .