Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-224 — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 828 / Section 47-224
Sec. 47-224. Contents of declaration.
Status: reserved

(1) The names of the common interest community and the association and a statement that the common interest community is either a condominium, cooperative or planned community;

(2) The name of every town in which any part of the common interest community is situated;

(3) A legally sufficient description of the real property included in the common interest community;

(4) A statement of the maximum number of units that the declarant reserves the right to create;

(5) In a condominium or planned community, a description of the boundaries of each unit created by the declaration, including the unit's identifying number or, in a cooperative, a description, which may be by surveys or plans, of each unit created by the declaration, including the unit's identifying number, its size or number of rooms and its location within a building if it is within a building containing more than one unit;

(6) A description of any limited common elements, other than those specified in subdivisions (2) and (4) of section 47-221 , as provided in subdivision (10) of subsection (b) of section 47-228 and, in a planned community, any real property that is or must become common elements;

(7) A description of any real property, except real property subject to development rights, that may be allocated subsequently as limited common elements, other than limited common elements specified in subdivisions (2) and (4) of section 47-221 , together with a statement that they may be so allocated;

(8) A description of any development rights, as defined in subsection (16) of section 47-202 , and other special declarant rights, as defined in subsection (33) of section 47-202 , reserved by the declarant, together with a legally sufficient description of the real property to which each of those rights applies and a time limit within which each of those rights must be exercised;

(9) If any development right may be exercised with respect to different parcels of real property at different times, a statement to that effect together with (A) either a statement fixing the boundaries of those portions and regulating the order in which those portions may be subjected to the exercise of each development right or a statement that no assurances are made in those regards, and (B) a statement as to whether, if any development right is exercised in any portion of the real property subject to that development right, that development right must be exercised in all or in any other portion of the remainder of that real property;

(10) Any other conditions or limitations under which the rights described in subdivision (8) of this subsection may be exercised or will lapse;

(11) An allocation to each unit of the allocated interests in the manner described in section 47-226 ;

(12) Any restrictions (A) on alienation of the units, including any restrictions on leasing which exceed the restrictions on leasing units which executive boards may impose pursuant to subdivision (3) of subsection (f) of section 47-261b , and (B) on the amount for which a unit may be sold or on the amount that may be received by a unit owner on sale, condemnation or casualty loss to the unit or to the common interest community, or on termination of the common interest community;

(13) The recording data for recorded easements and licenses appurtenant to or included in the common interest community or to which any portion of the common interest community is or may become subject by virtue of a reservation in the declaration; and

(14) All matters required by sections 47-225 to 47-228 , inclusive, sections 47-234 and 47-235 and subsection (d) of section 47-245 .

(b) The declaration may contain any other matters not inconsistent with this chapter that the declarant considers appropriate, including any restrictions on the uses of a unit or the number or other qualifications of persons who may occupy units.

Cited. 207 C. 441; 208 C. 318.

Cited. 38 CA 420.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47a-11d — Connecticut Code / Title 47a / Chapter 830 / Section 47a-11d
Sec. 47a-11d. Death of tenant. Landlord's remedies.
Status: in_force

(b) (1) If notice is sent by the landlord as provided in subsection (a) of this section, or (2) if the occupant did not designate an emergency contact or the landlord does not know any next of kin of the occupant, the landlord shall file an affidavit with the Probate Court having jurisdiction concerning the possessions and personal effects of the deceased occupant. Such affidavit shall include the name and address of the deceased occupant, the date of death, the terms of the lease, and the names and addresses of the emergency contact, if any, and the next of kin, if known.

(c) If the landlord acts in accordance with the provisions of this section, the landlord shall not be required to serve a notice to quit as provided in section 47a-23 and bring a summary process action as provided in section 47a-23a to obtain possession or occupancy of the dwelling unit. Nothing in this section shall relieve a landlord from complying with the provisions of sections 47a-1 to 47a-20a , inclusive, and sections 47a-23 to 47a-42 , inclusive, if the landlord knows, or reasonably should know, that the dwelling unit has not been abandoned.

(d) On or after thirty days after the date of the filing of the affidavit pursuant to subsection (b) of this section, the landlord shall inventory any possessions and personal effects of the deceased occupant in the premises and shall file a copy of such inventory with the Probate Court under subsection (b) of this section. The landlord may not remove such possessions and personal effects until fifteen days after such inventory is filed. Thereafter, the landlord may remove and securely store such possessions and personal effects for an additional fifteen days. If such possessions and personal effects are not reclaimed by the end of such sixty-day period and the landlord has complied with the provisions of this section, the landlord may obtain from the Probate Court having jurisdiction a certificate indicating that the landlord has filed an inventory in the court pursuant to this subsection and that sixty days have elapsed since the landlord filed the affidavit pursuant to subsection (b) of this section. The landlord may file such certificate and an application, in such form as the Chief Court Administrator prescribes, in the superior court having jurisdiction over the premises of the deceased occupant. There shall be no fee for such filing, and the clerk of such court shall open a summary process file setting forth that the right to occupy has terminated due to the death of the named occupant. Such certificate shall be deemed a judgment of the Superior Court pursuant to chapter 832 and have the same effect and be subject to the same procedures, defenses and proceedings for reopening, vacating or staying a judgment of the Superior Court. After the clerk opens the summary process file and sends a notice of judgment, and after the appropriate stay of execution expires, the landlord may obtain an execution and a state marshal may remove the possessions and personal effects of such deceased occupant pursuant to such execution and deliver such possessions to a place of storage designated for such purposes by the chief executive officer of the municipality in which the dwelling unit is located.

(e) Before the possessions and personal effects of a deceased occupant are removed pursuant to an execution issued under subsection (d) of this section, the state marshal charged with carrying out such removal shall give the chief executive officer of the municipality in which the dwelling unit is located (1) twenty-four-hours' written notice of the removal, stating the date, time and location of such removal as well as a general description, if known, of the types and amount of possessions and personal effects to be removed from the premises and delivered to the designated place of storage, and (2) a copy of the inventory prepared by the landlord pursuant to subsection (d) of this section, annotated to indicate any items that have been reclaimed. Before giving such notice to the chief executive officer of the municipality, the state marshal shall use reasonable efforts to locate and notify the occupant's emergency contact, if any, and the next of kin, if known, of the date, time and location of such removal and of the possibility of a sale pursuant to this subsection. At any time prior to the actual sale of such possessions and personal effects, an executor or administrator appointed by the Probate Court or an individual designated by such court in accordance with section 45a-273 may reclaim such possessions and personal effects upon payment to the chief executive officer of the expense of storage. If such possessions and personal effects are not reclaimed within fifteen days after such removal and storage, the chief executive officer shall sell the same at public auction after using reasonable efforts to locate and notify the occupant's emergency contact or the next of kin, if known, of such sale and after posting notice of such sale for one week (A) on the public signpost nearest to the premises from which the possessions and personal effects were removed, or (B) at some exterior place near the office of the town clerk. The proceeds of the sale shall be applied to a reasonable charge by the municipality for the storage of such possessions and personal effects. Any remaining proceeds shall be turned over to the estate of the deceased occupant or, if no estate proceedings are commenced within thirty days after such sale, the chief executive officer shall turn over the net proceeds of the sale to the State Treasurer, who shall treat such proceeds as escheated property pursuant to part III of chapter 32.

(f) If an application for probate of a will or letters of administration is filed with the Probate Court having jurisdiction concerning the possessions and personal effects of the deceased occupant within fifty-five days of the filing of the affidavit of the landlord as provided in subsection (b) of this section, the Probate Court shall immediately notify the landlord of such filing and any action of the landlord pursuant to the provisions of this section shall cease.

(g) No action shall be brought under section 47a-43 against a landlord who takes action in accordance with the provisions of this section.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-80 — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 825 / Section 47-80
Sec. 47-80. Bylaws.
Status: in_force

(b) Each residential unit in the condominium, other than in a nonresidential condominium, shall be entitled to a vote in the unit owners' association in proportion to its interest in the common elements established pursuant to subsection (b) of section 47-74 . If a unit is owned by more than one person, the bylaws shall set forth the method by which the vote attributable to such unit is to be cast and counted.

(c) The bylaws shall provide for the following: (1) The election from among the unit owners of a board of directors, the number of persons constituting and the term of office of such board; a provision that the terms of at least one-third of such board shall expire annually; the powers and duties of the board; the compensation, if any, of the directors; the method of removal from such board; the powers of the board in engaging the services of a manager or managing agent; provided, (A) during the first five years following the recording of the declaration pursuant to the provisions of this chapter and so long as the declarant is the owner of any units, the bylaws may provide for a board of directors which consists of persons other than unit owners and (B) the bylaws may provide that a unit owner's spouse, having no ownership interest, may be a director if such spouse is a resident of the condominium; (2) the method of calling meetings of the unit owners; and the percentage, if other than a majority, of unit owners which shall constitute a quorum; (3) the qualifications of the officers of the association, and their powers, duties, manner of selection and removal and term and compensation, if any; (4) maintenance, repair and replacement of the common elements and payments therefor, including the method of approving payment vouchers; (5) the manner of assessing against and collecting from the unit owners their share of the common expenses; (6) designation and removal of personnel necessary for the maintenance, repair and replacement of the common elements; (7) the method of adopting and amending administrative rules and regulations governing the details of the operation and use of the common elements; (8) such restrictions on and requirements respecting the use and maintenance of the units and the use of the common elements as are not set forth in the declaration, designed to prevent unreasonable interference with the use of their respective units and of the common elements by the several unit owners; (9) such provisions governing the alienation, conveyance, sale, leasing, purchase, ownership and occupancy of units as are deemed desirable; (10) such provisions for the establishment of reserves to provide for maintenance, improvements, replacements, working capital, bad debts, depreciation, obsolescence, and similar purposes as are deemed desirable, except that for a conversion condominium, provisions for reserves for capital expenditures shall be required; (11) the manner by which the bylaws may be modified or amended, consistent with the provisions of this chapter, provided that no amendment shall be contrary to the requirements of this section; (12) other provisions deemed necessary for the administration of the condominium consistent with this chapter.

(d) Notwithstanding the provisions of section 47-90c , a condominium unit owners' association may adopt or amend its bylaws to provide that a unit owner's spouse, having no ownership interest, may be a director if such spouse is a resident of the condominium.

Cited. 24 CA 554.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-284 — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 828 / Section 47-284
Sec. 47-284. Conversion tenant's right to conversion notice and public offering statement.
Status: in_force

(b) The conversion notice shall inform a tenant of: (1) The date the declarant converted, or intends to convert, the building to a common interest form of ownership; (2) the right of the tenant during the transition period to protection from eviction; (3) the exclusive right of the tenant, as described in section 47-285 , to purchase his converted unit during the first ninety days after receipt of the conversion notice; (4) the right of the tenant, as described in section 47-286 , to terminate his tenancy and abandon his converted unit on thirty days notice, and the right of each qualified tenant, as described in section 47-287 , to a relocation payment; (5) the availability from the Department of Housing of information concerning governmental assistance to (A) purchase the converted unit or alternative housing, or (B) find, and relocate to, alternative housing; and (6) the address and phone number for information concerning the availability of relocation payments and for information from the Department of Housing concerning governmental assistance.

(c) The conversion notice and public offering statement shall be hand-delivered or sent by certified mail, return receipt requested, to the address of the dwelling unit and to any other mailing address provided by a tenant.

Cited. 207 C. 441.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-65b — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 824 / Section 47-65b
Sec. 47-65b. State assumption of criminal and civil jurisdiction on reservation of the Mohegan Tribe of Indians.
Status: in_force

Trial court did not have subject matter jurisdiction over court case brought against Indian tribe because Congress only extended criminal jurisdiction to state and tribe would have to consent to civil jurisdiction. 260 C. 46.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47a-23c — Connecticut Code / Title 47a / Chapter 832 / Section 47a-23c
Sec. 47a-23c. Prohibition on eviction of certain tenants except for good cause.
Status: repealed

(2) With respect to tenants in common interest communities, this section applies only to (A) a conversion tenant, as defined in subsection (3) of section 47-283 , who (i) is described in subdivision (1) of this subsection, or (ii) is not described in subdivision (1) of this subsection but, during a transition period, as defined in subsection (4) of section 47-283 , is residing in a conversion condominium created after May 6, 1980, or in any other conversion common interest community created after December 31, 1982, or (iii) is not described in subdivision (1) of this subsection but is otherwise protected as a conversion tenant by public act 80-370*, and (B) a tenant who is not a conversion tenant but who is described in subdivision (1) of this subsection if his landlord owns five or more dwelling units in the common interest community in which the dwelling unit is located.

(3) As used in this section, “tenant” includes each resident of a mobile manufactured home park, as defined in section 21-64 , including a resident who owns his own home, “landlord” includes a “licensee” and an “owner” of a mobile manufactured home park, as defined in section 21-64 , “complex” means two or more buildings on the same or contiguous parcels of real property under the same ownership, and “mobile manufactured home park” means a parcel of real property, or contiguous parcels of real property under the same ownership, upon which five or more mobile manufactured homes occupied for residential purposes are located.

(b) (1) No landlord may bring an action of summary process or other action to dispossess a tenant described in subsection (a) of this section except for one or more of the following reasons: (A) Nonpayment of rent; (B) refusal to agree to a fair and equitable rent increase, as defined in subsection (c) of this section; (C) material noncompliance with section 47a-11 or subsection (b) of section 21-82 , which materially affects the health and safety of the other tenants or which materially affects the physical condition of the premises; (D) voiding of the rental agreement pursuant to section 47a-31 , or material noncompliance with the rental agreement; (E) material noncompliance with the rules and regulations of the landlord adopted in accordance with section 47a-9 or 21-70 ; (F) permanent removal by the landlord of the dwelling unit of such tenant from the housing market; or (G) bona fide intention by the landlord to use such dwelling unit as his principal residence.

(2) The ground stated in subparagraph (G) of subdivision (1) of this subsection is not available to the owner of a dwelling unit in a common interest community occupied by a conversion tenant.

(3) A tenant may not be dispossessed for a reason described in subparagraph (B), (F) or (G) of subdivision (1) of this subsection during the term of any existing rental agreement.

(c) (1) The rent of a tenant protected by this section may be increased only to the extent that such increase is fair and equitable, based on the criteria set forth in section 7-148c .

(2) Any such tenant aggrieved by a rent increase or proposed rent increase may file a complaint with the fair rent commission, if any, for the town, city or borough where his dwelling unit or mobile manufactured home park lot is located; or, if no such fair rent commission exists, may bring an action in the Superior Court to contest the increase. In any such court proceeding, the court shall determine whether the rent increase is fair and equitable, based on the criteria set forth in section 7-148c .

(d) A landlord, to determine whether a tenant is a protected tenant, as described in subdivision (1) of subsection (a) of this section, may request proof of such protected status. On such request, any tenant claiming protection shall provide proof of the protected status within thirty days. The proof shall include a statement of a physician or an advanced practice registered nurse in the case of alleged blindness or other physical disability.

(e) (1) On and after January 1, 2024, whenever a dwelling unit located in a building or complex consisting of five or more separate dwelling units or in a mobile manufactured home park is rented to, or a rental agreement is entered into or renewed with, a tenant, the landlord of such dwelling unit or such landlord's agent shall provide such tenant with written notice of the provisions of subsections (b) and (c) of this section in a form as described in subdivision (2) of this subsection.

(2) Not later than December 1, 2023, the Commissioner of Housing shall create a notice to be used by landlords, pursuant to subdivision (1) of this subsection, to inform tenants of the rights provided to protected tenants under subsections (b) and (c) of this section. Such notice shall be a one-page, plain-language summary of such rights and shall be available in both English and Spanish. Not later than December 1, 2023, such notice shall be posted on the Department of Housing's Internet web site.

(3) Not later than December 1, 2028, the commissioner shall (A) translate the notice required under subdivision (2) of this subsection into the five most commonly spoken languages in the state, as determined by the commissioner, and (B) post such translations on the Department of Housing's Internet web site not later than December 1, 2028.

*Note: Public act 80-370 is entitled “An Act Concerning Condominium Conversion and the Encouragement of New Rental Housing”. (See Reference Table captioned “Public Acts of 1980” in Volume 16 which lists the sections amended, created or repealed by the act.)

Cited. 207 C. 441; 215 C. 367. Section shields tenants who qualify for its protections from executions of judgments of ejectment pursuant to Sec. 49-22. 237 C. 679.

Cited. 38 CS 70.

Subsec. (b):

Cited. 1 CA 439. Statute attempts to balance rights given to protected tenants by giving owner option of removing a rental unit from housing market when it is no longer economically feasible to rent to such tenants or for other reasons. 68 CA 638.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47a-57 — Connecticut Code / Title 47a / Chapter 833a / Section 47a-57
Sec. 47a-57. (Formerly Sec. 19-347r). Certificate of occupancy required for lawful occupation. Penalty for allowing occupancy without certificate.
Status: in_force

(b) Any person aggrieved by the refusal of a certificate of occupancy may appeal to the superior court for the judicial district within which the structure is located. Such appeal shall be privileged.

(c) Any owner or lessor who recovers rent for the occupation of any apartment or dwelling unit for which a certificate of occupancy has not been obtained prior to the rental thereof in violation of subsection (a) of this section shall be liable for a civil penalty of not more than twenty dollars per day for not more than two hundred days for such period of unlawful occupation.

(d) The provisions of this section shall not apply to any structure which has been constructed or substantially reconstructed within the ten-year period immediately before the date such certificate of occupancy would otherwise be required under this section.

See Sec. 19a-362 prohibiting recovery of rent during unlawful occupation.

See Sec. 29-265 re issuance of certificate of occupancy.

Cited. 191 C. 484.

Cited. 10 CA 527; 17 CA 421.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47a-7a — Connecticut Code / Title 47a / Chapter 830 / Section 47a-7a
Sec. 47a-7a. Landlord and tenant responsibilities re bed bug infestations. Definitions. Notification to landlord. Inspection. Treatment. Liability of landlord. Injunction against tenant.
Status: in_force

(1) “Certified applicator” means an individual who is certified, in accordance with section 22a-54 , by the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection to perform application within this state of a pesticide or class of pesticides;

(2) “Bed bug” means the common bed bug (Cimex lectularius);

(3) “Bed bug detection team” means a scent detection canine team that holds a current, independent, third-party certification in accordance with the guidelines for Minimum Standards for Canine Bed Bug Detection Team Certification established by the National Pest Management Association;

(4) “Landlord”, “owner”, “person” and “tenant” have the same meanings as in section 47a-1 ;

(5) “Qualified inspector” means a certified applicator, local health department official or bed bug detection team retained by a landlord to conduct an inspection for an infestation of bed bugs;

(6) “Pest control agent” means a person who is a certified applicator or who is otherwise specially licensed or qualified to treat bed bug infestations; and

(7) “Dwelling unit” means a unit other than a single-family unattached unit that is occupied as a home or residence for one or more persons.

(b) (1) A tenant shall promptly notify a landlord orally or in writing when the tenant knows or reasonably suspects that the tenant's dwelling unit is infested with bed bugs. Not later than five business days after receiving such notice, the landlord shall inspect or obtain an inspection by a qualified inspector of the dwelling unit and any contiguous unit of which the landlord is an owner, lessor or sublessor, and may enter any such dwelling unit or contiguous unit for the purpose of conducting such inspection as provided in subparagraph (A) of subdivision (2) of this subsection. If the landlord conducts the inspection, the landlord must provide written notice to the tenant within two days indicating whether or not the unit is infested with bed bugs. The notice shall inform the tenant that, if the tenant is still concerned that the unit is infested with bed bugs, the tenant may contact the local health department and shall provide relevant contact information on said notice. If the inspection determines that any such dwelling unit or contiguous unit is infested with bed bugs, the landlord shall, not later than five business days after the date of the inspection, take reasonable measures, as determined by such qualified inspector, to effectively treat the bed bug infestation, including treating or retaining the services of a pest control agent to treat the dwelling unit and any contiguous unit of which the landlord is an owner, lessor or sublessor, except the landlord may first attempt to effectively treat such infestation. If the landlord treats such bed bug infestation without retaining the services of a pest control agent, the landlord shall first vacuum the areas to be treated and shall, not later than five business days after the date of such treatment, obtain an inspection of any treated unit by a qualified inspector. If the qualified inspector determines that any such unit is not infested with bed bugs, the qualified inspector shall provide the landlord with a written certification of such determination. If the qualified inspector determines that any such unit is infested with bed bugs, the landlord shall, not later than five business days after the date of such inspection, retain the services of a pest control agent. Except as otherwise provided in this section, the landlord shall be responsible for all costs associated with inspection for and treatment of a bed bug infestation. Nothing in this section shall be construed to preclude a tenant from contacting any agency at any time concerning an infestation of bed bugs.

(2) (A) Upon reasonable written or oral notice to a tenant in accordance with the provisions of section 47a-16 that a landlord, qualified inspector or pest control agent must enter a dwelling unit for the purpose of conducting an inspection for, or treating an infestation of, bed bugs, a tenant shall not unreasonably withhold access to the dwelling unit. Any entry to a dwelling unit shall be made in accordance with the provisions of section 47a-16 .

(B) The landlord or qualified inspector may initially conduct a visual and manual inspection of the tenant's bedding and upholstered furniture. The landlord or qualified inspector may inspect items other than bedding and upholstered furniture when such landlord or qualified inspector determines that such an inspection is necessary and reasonable. If the landlord or qualified inspector finds bed bugs in the dwelling unit or in any contiguous unit of which the landlord is an owner, lessor or sublessor, such landlord or qualified inspector may have such additional access to the tenant's personal belongings as the landlord or qualified inspector determines is necessary and reasonable. A tenant shall comply with reasonable measures to permit the inspection and treatment of a bed bug infestation as determined by the landlord and qualified inspector or pest control agent, and such tenant shall be responsible for all costs associated with preparing a dwelling unit for such inspection and treatment. The tenant's knowing and unreasonable failure to comply with such bed bug inspection and treatment measures shall result in the tenant being held liable for those bed bug treatments of the dwelling unit and contiguous units arising from such failure.

(C) Whenever any furniture, clothing, equipment or personal property belonging to a tenant is found to be infested with bed bugs, such furniture, clothing, equipment or personal property shall not be removed from the dwelling unit until a pest control agent determines that a bed bug treatment has been completed, or until the landlord approves of such removal.

(3) (A) A landlord shall offer to make reasonable assistance available to a tenant who is not physically able to comply with preparation for any bed bug inspection or treatment measures that are the tenant's responsibility under this section. The landlord shall disclose to the tenant the cost, if any, of providing such assistance to the tenant. The landlord may, at the landlord's discretion, charge the tenant a reasonable amount for any such assistance, provided such charge is subject to a reasonable repayment schedule not to exceed six months, unless the landlord and tenant agree to one or more extensions of such repayment schedule. A tenant's failure to agree to any such charges or repayment schedule shall not relieve the landlord of the duty to treat the dwelling unit.

(B) A tenant's failure to make any payment required pursuant to a repayment schedule shall not be the basis for a summary process action initiated pursuant to chapter 832. At the termination of a tenancy, a landlord may deduct any remaining payments owed under a repayment schedule from a security deposit in accordance with the provisions of section 47a-21 .

(C) Nothing in this section shall be construed to require a landlord to provide a tenant with alternative lodging or to pay to replace the tenant's personal property. Nothing in this section shall be construed to preempt or restrict application of the provisions of chapter 814c or any other state or federal law concerning reasonable accommodations for persons with disabilities.

(c) No landlord shall offer for rent a dwelling unit that the landlord knows or reasonably suspects is infested with bed bugs. Before renting a dwelling unit, a landlord shall disclose to a prospective tenant whether the unit the landlord is offering for rent or any contiguous unit of which the landlord is an owner, lessor or sublessor is currently infested with bed bugs. Upon request from a tenant or prospective tenant, a landlord shall disclose the last date on which the dwelling unit being rented or offered for rent was inspected for, and found to be free of, a bed bug infestation.

(d) (1) If any landlord fails to comply with the provisions of this section, then any tenant may proceed as provided in section 47a-12 or section 47a-14h . Any landlord who fails to comply with the provisions of this section shall be liable to the tenant for reasonable attorneys' fees and the greater of two hundred fifty dollars or the tenant's actual damages.

(2) A landlord may apply to the Superior Court to obtain injunctive relief in accordance with section 47a-18 and to obtain such other relief as may be appropriate against a tenant who (A) refuses to provide reasonable access to a dwelling unit, (B) fails to comply with reasonable requests for inspection or treatment of a dwelling unit, or (C) fails to implement reasonable inspection and treatment measures required pursuant to subsection (b) of this section. The entry fee for such an action shall be the same as the entry fee for a small claims case. If a court finds that a tenant has unreasonably failed to comply with this section, the court may issue a temporary order or interim relief to carry out the provisions of this section, including, but not limited to: (i) Granting the landlord access to the dwelling unit for the purposes set forth in this section; (ii) granting the landlord the right to engage in bed bug inspection and treatment measures; and (iii) requiring the tenant to comply with specific bed bug inspection and treatment measures or assessing the tenant with costs and damages related to the tenant's noncompliance. Any order granting a landlord access to a dwelling unit shall be served upon the tenant at least twenty-four hours before a landlord, qualified inspector or pest control agent enters the dwelling unit.

(3) The remedies in this section shall be in addition to any other remedies available at law, or in equity, to any person. This section shall not be construed to limit or restrict the authority of any state or local housing or health code enforcement agency.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47a-56b — Connecticut Code / Title 47a / Chapter 833a / Section 47a-56b
Sec. 47a-56b. Appointment of receiver of rents: Service.
Status: in_force

(b) The rule to show cause shall provide for personal service of a copy thereof and the application on which it is based on the owners and mortgagees of record and lienors.

(c) If any such owner, mortgagee or lienor cannot with due diligence be served personally within the municipality where the property is located and within the time fixed in such order, service may be made on such person by posting a copy thereof in a conspicuous place on the property where the nuisance exists, and by sending a copy thereof by registered mail, return receipt requested, to the owner at the address set forth in the last-recorded deed with respect to such property, or, in the case of a mortgagee or lienor, to the address set forth in the recorded mortgage or lien and by publication in a newspaper of general circulation in the judicial district where such property is located.

(d) If the condition constituting the nuisance is such that, unless it is immediately cured, substantial damage may be caused to the property or if it constitutes an imminent danger to its occupants or the occupants of adjoining properties, the rule to show cause may be returnable in the discretion of the court in less than five days and, in such case, service may be made on the owner, mortgagee and lienor by posting a copy thereof in a conspicuous place on the property where the nuisance exists and by mailing a copy in the case of the owner to the address set forth in the last-recorded deed and, in the case of the mortgagee and lienor, to the address recorded. In such action the court may issue an immediate ex parte order granting such relief as it deems appropriate, pending a full hearing to be held not later than three days after such order is issued.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47a-54a — Connecticut Code / Title 47a / Chapter 833a / Section 47a-54a
Sec. 47a-54a. (Formerly Sec. 19-346). Overcrowding in tenement and lodging houses.
Status: in_force

See Sec. 19a-359 re required number of bathrooms and water closets in tenement houses.

Annotations to former section 19-346:

Applies to hallway in three-family dwelling house; liability of landlord for failure to light hall. 108 C. 404. Meaning of term “at night”. Id., 405. Statute imposes upon landlord the duty to use reasonable care and diligence to provide for lighting and to keep lights in operation during the night. 115 C. 233; 123 C. 337; 133 C. 357. Statute did not make it duty of landlord to light cellar at night; 111 C. 26; nor the steps outside the tenement house. 121 C. 261. Obligation to light public hall was a public obligation and could not be waived by tenant. 117 C. 356. Principle of assumption of risk held inapplicable. Id.; 133 C. 360. Local ordinance re lighting of hallways held inapplicable. 132 C. 418. Mere presence of lighting fixture not enough; landlord must also use reasonable care and diligence to keep lights in operation and use care, commensurate with particular circumstances, to guard against the lights being turned out. 153 C. 92. Cited. Id., 540.

Provisions of statute not applicable to the steps and lighting thereof furnishing an approach to a tenement house which are entirely outside the house itself. 5 CS 8. “Public halls” include exterior as well as interior passageways. 6 CS 368. Presence of unlighted fixture does not constitute compliance with statute nor exercise of reasonable care; mere presence of lighting fixture in each hallway, connected with wiring of adjoining apartment and controlled by tenant at his option and expense, not compliance. 22 CS 184.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47a-33 — Connecticut Code / Title 47a / Chapter 832 / Section 47a-33
Sec. 47a-33. (Formerly Sec. 52-540a). Defense that action is retaliatory.
Status: in_force

See Sec. 47a-20 prohibiting retaliatory action by landlord.

See Sec. 47a-21 re actions deemed not to be retaliatory.

Annotations to former section 52-540a:

Cited. 33 CS 15. Defense of retaliatory eviction not available in summary process action for nonpayment of rent. 34 CS 594.

Cited. 6 Conn. Cir. Ct. 207, 208.

Annotations to present section:

Cited. 178 C. 586; 217 C. 313.

Cited. 1 CA 439; 16 CA 444.

Cited. 35 CS 233. Section establishes retaliatory action as affirmative defense; no presumptions permitted under section and tenant, by affirmative proof, must establish landlord's primary motive in seeking eviction was in retaliation for tenant's exercise of his statutory right to report housing code violations; burden of persuasion for affirmative defense rests upon tenant who asserts it. Id., 261. Cited. 36 CS 47; 38 CS 70; Id., 370.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-61 — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 824 / Section 47-61
Sec. 47-61. No title by possession against an Indian.
Status: in_force

Cited. 180 C. 474.

Cited. 22 CA 229; judgment reversed, see 217 C. 612.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-14c — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 821 / Section 47-14c
Sec. 47-14c. Conveyance by less than all joint tenants.
Status: in_force

Cited. 177 C. 22; 204 C. 502; 219 C. 36.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47a-9a — Connecticut Code / Title 47a / Chapter 830 / Section 47a-9a
Sec. 47a-9a. Prohibitions re discrimination against prospective or existing tenant for conviction related to cannabis possession; possession or consumption of cannabis; drug tests. Exceptions.
Status: in_force

(b) Except as provided in this section, in the case of the rental of a dwelling unit, a landlord or property manager may not prohibit the possession of cannabis or the consumption of cannabis, except a landlord or property manager may prohibit smoking of cannabis or use of an electronic cannabis device or cannabis vapor product, as such terms are defined in section 19a-342a .

(c) A landlord or property manager may not require a tenant to submit to a drug test.

(d) The provisions of this section do not apply if:

(1) The tenant is a roomer who is not leasing the entire residence;

(2) The residence is incidental to detention or the provision of medical, geriatric, educational, counseling, religious, or similar service;

(3) The residence is a transitional housing or sober living facility; or

(4) Failing to prohibit cannabis possession or consumption or failure to require a drug test would violate federal law or regulations or cause the landlord to lose a monetary or licensing-related benefit under federal law or regulations.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-252 — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 828 / Section 47-252
Sec. 47-252. Voting. Proxies. Ballots.
Status: reserved

(b) At a meeting of unit owners conducted in person, electronically or both in person and electronically, or in a vote conducted without a meeting, the following requirements apply:

(1) If only one of several owners of a unit is present at a meeting of the association or participating in the vote without a meeting, that owner is entitled to cast all the votes allocated to that unit. If more than one of the owners are present at the meeting or participating in the vote without a meeting, the votes allocated to that unit may be cast only in accordance with the agreement of a majority in interest of the owners, unless the declaration expressly provides otherwise. There is majority agreement if any one of the owners casts the votes allocated to the unit without protest being made promptly to the person presiding over the meeting by any of the other owners of the unit.

(2) Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, unless a greater number or fraction of the votes in the association is required by this chapter or other law or the declaration, a majority of the votes cast is the decision of the unit owners.

(3) Unless a greater number or fraction of the votes in the association is required by the declaration, bylaws or certificate of incorporation of the association, directors shall be elected by a plurality of the votes cast by the unit owners. If the declaration, bylaws or certificate of incorporation of the association requires any or all directors to be elected by unit owners of a specified group or class of units, then such directors shall be elected by a plurality of the votes cast by the unit owners of units of such group or class of units. The provisions of this subdivision shall not apply to directors who may be appointed by the declarant or under subsection (g) of section 47-245 .

(4) If the declaration, bylaws or certificate of incorporation of the association provide for the election of officers by the unit owners, then unless a greater number or fraction of the votes in the association is required by the declaration, bylaws or certificate of incorporation of the association, officers shall be elected by a plurality of the votes cast by the unit owners. If the declaration, bylaws or certificate of incorporation of the association requires any or all officers to be elected by unit owners of a specified group or class of units, then such officers shall be elected by a plurality of the votes cast by the unit owners of units of such group or class of units. The provisions of this subdivision shall not apply to directors who may be appointed by the declarant or under subsection (g) of section 47-245 .

(c) Except as otherwise provided in the declaration or bylaws, the following requirements apply with respect to proxy voting:

(1) Votes allocated to a unit may be cast pursuant to a directed or undirected proxy duly executed by a unit owner;

(2) The association may provide a proxy form to any unit owner who seeks to vote pursuant to a directed or undirected proxy. If the association provides a proxy form, the proxy form, (A) shall include a blank space reserved for the insertion of the name of the proxy holder, and (B) may include the name of a person designated by the association to be the default proxy holder, who shall be authorized to exercise the proxy in the event the unit owner fails to otherwise specify the name of the proxy holder subject to the limitations set forth in this subsection;

(3) If a unit is owned by more than one person, each owner of the unit may vote or register protest to the casting of votes by the other owners of the unit through a duly executed proxy;

(4) A unit owner may revoke a proxy given pursuant to this section only by actual notice of revocation to the person presiding over a meeting of the association;

(5) A proxy is void if it is not dated or purports to be revocable without notice;

(6) A proxy terminates one year after its date, unless it specifies a shorter term; and

(7) A person may not cast votes representing more than fifteen per cent of the votes in the association pursuant to undirected proxies.

(d) Unless prohibited or limited by the declaration or bylaws, an association may conduct a vote without a meeting. In that event, the following requirements apply:

(1) The association shall notify the unit owners that the vote will be taken by ballot;

(2) The association shall deliver a paper or electronic ballot to every unit owner entitled to vote on the matter;

(3) The ballot must set forth each proposed action or office to be filled and provide an opportunity to vote for or against the action or the candidate for office;

(4) When the association delivers the ballots, it shall also: (A) Indicate the number of responses needed to meet the quorum requirements; (B) state the percentage of votes necessary to approve each matter other than election of directors; (C) specify the time and date by which a ballot must be delivered to the association to be counted, which time and date may not be fewer than three days after the date the association delivers the ballot; and (D) describe the time, date and manner by which unit owners wishing to deliver information to all unit owners regarding the subject of the vote may do so;

(5) Except as otherwise provided in the declaration or bylaws, a ballot is not revoked after delivery to the association by death or disability or attempted revocation by the person that cast that vote; and

(6) Approval by ballot pursuant to this subsection is valid only if the number of votes cast by ballot equals or exceeds the quorum required to be present at a meeting authorizing the action.

(e) If the declaration requires that votes on specified matters affecting the common interest community be cast by lessees rather than unit owners of leased units: (1) This section applies to lessees as if they were unit owners; (2) unit owners that have leased their units to other persons may not cast votes on those specified matters; and (3) lessees are entitled to notice of meetings, access to records and other rights respecting those matters as if they were unit owners.

(f) Unit owners shall also be given notice of all meetings at which lessees are entitled to vote.

(g) Votes allocated to a unit owned by the association shall be cast in any vote of the unit owners in the same proportion as the votes cast on the matter by unit owners other than the association.

(h) For the purposes of this chapter, “fraction or percentage”, with respect to the unit owners or the votes in the association, means the stated fraction or percentage of unit owners of units to which at least the stated percentage or fraction of all the votes in the association are allocated, unless the provisions of this chapter provide that the “fraction or percentage” refers to a different group of unit owners or votes.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-33t — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 821 / Section 47-33t
Sec. 47-33t. Dormant Mineral Interests Act: Savings and transitional provisions.
Status: in_force

(b) An action may not be maintained to terminate a mineral interest pursuant to sections 47-33m to 47-33t , inclusive, until two years after October 1, 1987.

(c) Sections 47-33m to 47-33t , inclusive, do not limit or affect any other procedure provided by law for extinguishing an abandoned or dormant mineral interest.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-29 — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 821 / Section 47-29
Sec. 47-29. Right of entry on land by assignee of reversion.
Status: in_force

A right of entry for condition broken was not assignable at common law; 31 C. 478; but is now by virtue of section. 54 C. 62; 110 C. 270. Breach of condition may require reentry to revest title. 74 C. 636. Grantee of estate can avail himself only of breaches subsequent to conveyance to him. 76 C. 594. Grantee has no further rights than grantor. 84 C. 512. Deed construed to convey entire interest of grantor, including possibility of reverter. 110 C. 267.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47a-6 — Connecticut Code / Title 47a / Chapter 830 / Section 47a-6
Sec. 47a-6. Identification of landlord.
Status: in_force

(b) If the landlord fails to comply with subsection (a) of this section, the person authorized by the landlord to enter into the rental agreement with the tenant shall be deemed the agent of the landlord for (1) service of process and receipt of any such notices or demands, and (2) for performing the obligations of the landlord under sections 47a-7 and 47a-13 and the rental agreement, and (3) expending funds from the rent collected from the premises to perform such obligations.

Cited. 32 CA 133.

Cited. 38 CS 683.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-36bb — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 821b / Section 47-36bb
Sec. 47-36bb. Validation re transfer of interest in real property to trust rather than trustee. Treatment of subsequent transfers. Indexing by town clerk. Presumptions re certain instruments recorded in the land records.
Status: in_force

(b) Any subsequent transfer of such interest in real property, or any portion or part thereof (1) made by the trust and executed by a duly authorized trustee of the trust, shall be treated as if the transfer was made by such duly authorized trustee, or (2) made and executed by a duly authorized trustee of the trust, shall be treated as if the transfer was made by the trust.

(c) Any instrument whose grantor, grantee, releasor, releasee, assignor, assignee, transferor or transferee is a trust shall be indexed by the town clerk in the name of the trust identified in such instrument and also in the name or names of all trustees identified in such instrument.

(d) With respect to any instrument that has been recorded in the land records and whose grantor, releasor, assignor or transferor is a trust, it shall be presumed, in the absence of evidence in the land records indicating otherwise, that the (1) person who executed such instrument on the trust's behalf was duly authorized to so act, and (2) trust on whose behalf such person acted contained a provision conferring upon the trustee or trustees, the power to convey an interest in real property.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-34 — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 821 / Section 47-34
Sec. 47-34. Bounds between proprietors reestablished by Superior Court.
Status: in_force

Consideration of what is a lost boundary, and various other points under section. 31 C. 433; 35 C. 118. Committee may report conclusion as to boundary without detailing the facts. 33 C. 154. Party to proceeding under section estopped from claiming contrary to finding of committee. 52 C. 23. Surveyor employed under section should be as disinterested as committee. 67 C. 345. Finding by committee that boundaries not lost is conclusive. 87 C. 70. Admissibility of declarations of deceased persons concerning boundaries. 105 C. 147. Cited. 178 C. 258; 179 C. 574.

Committee does not deal with title; mission is to establish from evidence lost boundary lines or those which have disappeared. 12 CA 549.

Cited. 10 CS 167. Where description of property in deeds is uncertain and witnesses are indefinite, redress should be sought under section. Id., 267. Cited. 40 CS 272.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47a-26h — Connecticut Code / Title 47a / Chapter 832 / Section 47a-26h
Sec. 47a-26h. Persons bound by judgment. Notice. Exemption.
Status: in_force

(b) Upon entry of judgment, the clerk shall mail a notice of judgment to all defendants against whom judgment was rendered. Such notice shall be addressed to the named defendants and any other current occupants and shall contain the names of all defendants against whom judgment was entered, the date of judgment and notice of the right to apply for a stay of execution. The notice shall be on a form prescribed by the Office of the Chief Court Administrator, shall be in clear and simple language and in readable format, and shall include a conspicuous notice to all occupants not named in the judgment, in large boldface type, that any such occupant who claims to have a right to continue to occupy the premises should promptly complete and file with the clerk of the court a claim of exemption from the judgment. If no such notice would otherwise be sent to the premises, an additional notice shall be sent to the premises, addressed to the named defendants “or any other current occupants”.

(c) Any occupant not named in the action who claims not to be subject to the summary process action because his occupancy commenced prior to service of the notice to quit or his occupancy commenced or continued with the consent of the plaintiff or under a right to occupy equal or superior to the rights of the plaintiff may, at any time before or after judgment but prior to issuance of an execution, file under oath a claim of exemption from such action. The Office of the Chief Court Administrator shall prescribe a form upon which such claim can be made, which form shall be in clear and simple language and in readable format. Upon the filing of such a claim, the clerk shall schedule a hearing, which shall be held not more than seven days after the date of filing. Execution shall not issue until the court renders its decision on the claim. The claimant shall have the burden of proof to show that his occupancy commenced prior to service of the notice to quit or that his occupancy was commenced or continued with the consent of the plaintiff or under a right to occupy equal or superior to the rights of the plaintiff. The burden of proof shall be upon the plaintiff to show that he did not know of the presence of the occupant or the name of the occupant, as the case may be. For purposes of this chapter, if rent or use and occupancy payments have been made to the plaintiff or his agent by the occupant, the plaintiff shall be deemed to have known of the presence and the name of the occupant. The court shall determine whether the claimant is bound by the action and, if the court finds that the claimant is not bound, it shall declare the claimant to be exempt from the action. In order to obtain a judgment for possession of the premises as part of such action the plaintiff shall serve the previously exempt occupant with a notice to quit possession pursuant to section 47a-23 . If the occupant is still in possession after the date to quit possession has passed, the plaintiff shall serve the occupant with an amended writ, summons and complaint adding the occupant as a party defendant to such action of summary process. Any occupant not exempt from the action shall have the same rights and obligations as a named defendant and shall be bound by any judgment. Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 47a-42 and 47a-42a , no summary process execution shall be issued or enforced unless valid execution has been issued against all occupants of the premises, except that such execution may be issued and enforced, without issuing or enforcing execution against other occupants, upon a person against whom a judgment has been entered based upon that person's having conducted himself in a manner which constitutes a serious nuisance by using the premises or any area within fifteen hundred feet of any housing authority property in which such person resides for the illegal sale of drugs, as defined in subparagraph (D) of section 47a-15 .

(d) Nothing in this section shall in any way limit other remedies available in law or equity to any person, including remedies available after issuance of an execution.

Cited. 225 C. 600.

Cited. 21 CA 40; 40 CA 30.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47a-16 — Connecticut Code / Title 47a / Chapter 830 / Section 47a-16
Sec. 47a-16. When landlord may enter rented unit.
Status: in_force

(b) A landlord may enter the dwelling unit without consent of the tenant in case of emergency.

(c) A landlord shall not abuse the right of entry or use such right of entry to harass the tenant. The landlord shall give the tenant reasonable written or oral notice of his intent to enter and may enter only at reasonable times, except in case of emergency.

(d) A landlord may not enter the dwelling unit without the consent of the tenant except (1) in case of emergency, (2) as permitted by section 47a-16a , (3) pursuant to a court order, or (4) if the tenant has abandoned or surrendered the premises.

Cited. 32 CA 133; 45 CA 46.

Cited. 38 CS 683.

Subsec. (d):

There was no violation of Subsec. where defendant acted in reasonable reliance on representations of plaintiff, conveyed through a third party, that plaintiff had abandoned or surrendered the premises; Subsec. permits consideration of reasonableness of landlord's conduct. 133 CA 321.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-213 — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 828 / Section 47-213
Sec. 47-213. Adjustment of dollar amount and resale certificate fee.
Status: in_force

(b) (1) The dollar amount specified in subdivision (3) of subsection (a) of section 47-215 and any amount stated in the declaration pursuant to said section, and (2) the one-hundred-eighty-five-dollar fee charged by an association for the preparation of a resale certificate, in accordance with subdivision (1) of subsection (b) of section 47-270 , shall change on July first of each year if the percentage of change, calculated to the nearest whole percentage point, between the Index at the end of the preceding year and the Reference Base Index is ten per cent or more, but (A) the portion of the percentage change in the Index in excess of a multiple of ten per cent shall be disregarded and the dollar amount shall change only in multiples of ten per cent of the amount appearing in this chapter on January 1, 1984; (B) the dollar amount shall not change if the amount required by this section is that currently in effect pursuant to this chapter as a result of earlier application of this section; and (C) in no event may the dollar amount be reduced below the amount appearing in this chapter on January 1, 1984.

(c) If the Index is revised after December, 1979, the percentage of change pursuant to this section shall be calculated on the basis of the revised Index. If the revision of the Index changes the Reference Base Index, a revised Reference Base Index shall be determined by multiplying the Reference Base Index then applicable by the rebasing factor furnished by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. If the Index is superseded, the Index referred to in this section is the one represented by the Bureau of Labor Statistics as reflecting most accurately changes in the purchasing power of the dollar for consumers.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47a-14h — Connecticut Code / Title 47a / Chapter 830 / Section 47a-14h
Sec. 47a-14h. Action by individual tenant to enforce landlord's responsibilities. Payment of rent into court.
Status: in_force

(b) The action shall be instituted by filing a complaint, under oath, with the clerk of the court. The complaint shall allege (1) the name of the tenant; (2) the name of the landlord; (3) the address of the premises; (4) the nature of the alleged violation of section 47a-7 or 47a-7a or subsection (a) of section 21-82 ; and (5) the dates when rent is due under the rental agreement and the amount due on such dates. The complaint shall also allege that at least twenty-one days prior to the date on which the complaint is filed, the tenant made a complaint concerning the premises to the municipal agency, in the municipality where the premises are located, responsible for enforcement of the housing code or, if no housing code exists, of the public health code, or to the agency responsible for enforcement of the code or ordinance alleged to have been violated, or to another municipal agency which referred such complaint to the municipal agency responsible for enforcement of such code or ordinance. In the case of a mobile manufactured home located in a mobile manufactured home park, such complaint may be made to the Commissioner of Consumer Protection. The entry fee shall be twenty-five dollars, which may be waived in accordance with section 52-259b . Such entry fee shall be a taxable cost of the action. If, on the same day, more than one tenant from the same building or complex institutes an action under this section and pays the entry fee for such action, unless such fee is waived, the actions shall be treated as a single action. No recognizance or bond shall be required.

(c) Upon receipt of the complaint, the clerk shall promptly set the matter down for hearing to be held not more than fourteen days after the filing of the complaint or the return of service, whichever is later, and shall cause a copy of the complaint and the notice of the action to be sent separately by certified mail, return receipt requested, to (1) each landlord named in the complaint and (2) the director of the municipal or state agency to which the tenant has alleged, pursuant to subsection (b) of this section, that a complaint concerning the premises has been made. At such hearing, the agency notified pursuant to subdivision (2) of this subsection shall submit to the court the inspection report prepared as a result of the complaint made by the tenant.

(d) If proof of service is not returned to the clerk, the complaint shall be served by the plaintiff in accordance with section 52-57 .

(e) The complainant may seek and the court may order interim or final relief including, but not limited to, the following: (1) An order compelling the landlord to comply with the landlord's duties under local, state or federal law; (2) an order appointing a receiver to collect rent or to correct conditions in the property which violate local, state or federal law; (3) an order staying other proceedings concerning the same property; (4) an award of money damages, which may include a retroactive abatement of rent paid pursuant to subsection (h) of this section; and (5) such other relief in law or equity as the court may deem proper. If the court orders a retroactive abatement of rent pursuant to subdivision (4) of this subsection and all or a portion of the tenant's rent was deposited with the court pursuant to subsection (h) of this section by a housing authority, municipality, state agency or similar entity, any rent ordered to be returned shall be returned to the tenant and such entity in proportion to the amount of rent each deposited with the court pursuant to subsection (h) of this section.

(f) The landlord, by counterclaim, may request and the court may issue an order compelling the tenant to comply with his duties under section 47a-11 .

(g) The court, in ordering interim or final relief, may order that accrued payments of rent or use and occupancy held by the clerk be used for the repair of the building or be distributed in accordance with the rights of the parties.

(h) On each rent due date on or after the date when the complaint is filed with the clerk of the court, or within nine days thereafter or, in the case of a week-to-week tenancy, within four days thereafter, the tenant shall deposit with the clerk of the court an amount equal to the last agreed-upon rent. If all or a portion of the tenant's rent is being paid to the landlord by a housing authority, municipality, state agency or similar entity, this requirement shall be satisfied if the tenant deposits an amount equal to such tenant's portion of the last agreed-upon rent with the clerk. The court may make such entity a party to the action. The clerk shall accept such payment of rent and shall provide the tenant with a receipt. Payment to the clerk shall, for all purposes, be the equivalent of having made payment to the landlord himself. No landlord may maintain an action against a tenant to recover possession for nonpayment of rent if an amount equal to the rent due has been received by the clerk. When the complaint and notice of the action are served pursuant to subsection (c) or (d) of this section, the clerk shall promptly notify the landlord of the receipt of any such payment and of the prohibition against maintaining an action to recover possession for nonpayment of rent. If the complainant fails to make such payment of rent, the court may, after proper notice, upon its own motion or upon motion by the landlord, dismiss the complaint.

(i) The landlord may, at any time, move for the termination of payment into court and the clerk shall promptly schedule a hearing on such motion. If the court finds that the violations of section 47a-7 have been corrected, it shall enter a judgment with respect to the rights and obligations of the parties in the action and with respect to the distribution of any money held by the clerk.

(j) Nothing in this section and sections 47a-20 and 47a-68 shall be construed to limit or restrict in any way any rights or remedies which may be available to a tenant, to the state or to a municipality under any other law.

(k) The judges of the Superior Court may, in accordance with the provisions of section 51-14 , adopt rules for actions brought under this section and sections 47a-20 and 47a-68 , including the promulgation of a simplified form for the bringing of such actions.

(l) For the purposes of this section, “tenant” includes each resident of a mobile manufactured home park, as defined in section 21-64 , including a resident who owns his own home, and “landlord” includes a “licensee” and an “owner” of a mobile manufactured home park, as defined in section 21-64 .

Requirement of notification to housing code enforcement agency is mandatory. 196 C. 591. Cited. 217 C. 57.

Tenancy at sufferance falls within court's jurisdiction pursuant to statute. 4 CA 608. Cited. 16 CA 444; 32 CA 133; 40 CA 595.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47a-23a — Connecticut Code / Title 47a / Chapter 832 / Section 47a-23a
Sec. 47a-23a. Complaint.
Status: in_force

(b) Venue for actions brought pursuant to this chapter shall be the geographical area, established pursuant to section 51-348 , where the defendant resides or where the leased premises or trailer are located at the plaintiff's election or, in the case of a defendant corporation or domestic corporation, where the defendant has an office or place of business. If the defendant is a nonresident, venue shall be the geographical area, established pursuant to section 51-348 , where the plaintiff resides or where the land lies at the plaintiff's election.

Cited. 217 C. 313; 235 C. 650.

Cited. 1 CA 439; 4 CA 162; 7 CA 301; 16 CA 574; 18 CA 539.

Cited. 36 CA 432; 38 CS 70; 39 CS 367; 40 CS 4.

Subsec. (a):

Trial court properly determined that summary process action was issued in conformity with statute; “issue” means more than mere clerical preparation, dating and attestation of a writ and, with reference to writs, is ordinarily construed as importing delivery to the proper person or officer for service; date on which summary process was delivered to judicial marshal was date summary process was issued. 97 CA 662.

Statute continues in effect as a special rule governing summary process actions until modified by a later rule of the judges of the Superior Court. 38 CS 389.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47a-6a — Connecticut Code / Title 47a / Chapter 830 / Section 47a-6a
Sec. 47a-6a. Filing in designated municipal office of residential address of nonresident landlord.
Status: in_force

(b) Any municipality may require the nonresident owner or project-based housing provider of occupied or vacant rental real property to report to the tax assessor, or other municipal office designated by the municipality, the current residential address of the nonresident owner or project-based housing provider of such property, if the nonresident owner or project-based housing provider is an individual, or the current residential address of the agent in charge of the building, if the nonresident owner or project-based housing provider is a corporation, partnership, trust or other legally recognized entity owning rental real property in the state. If the nonresident owners or project-based housing providers are a corporation, partnership, trust or other legally recognized entity owning rental real property in the state, such report shall also include identifying information and the current residential address of each controlling participant associated with the property. If such residential address changes, notice of the new residential address shall be provided by such nonresident owner, project-based housing provider or agent in charge of the building to the office of the tax assessor or other designated municipal office not more than twenty-one days after the date that the address change occurred. If the nonresident owner, project-based housing provider or agent fails to file an address under this section, the address to which the municipality mails property tax bills for the rental real property shall be deemed to be the nonresident owner, project-based housing provider or agent's current address. Such address may be used for compliance with the provisions of subsection (c) of this section.

(c) Service of state or municipal orders relating to maintenance of such rental real property or compliance with state law and local codes concerning such real property directed to the nonresident owner, project-based housing provider or agent at the address on file, or deemed to be on file in accordance with the provisions of this section, shall be sufficient proof of service of notice of such orders in any subsequent criminal or civil action against the owner, project-based housing provider or agent for failure to comply with the orders. The provisions of this section shall not be construed to limit the validity of any other means of giving notice of such orders that may be used by the state or such municipality.

(d) Any person who violates any provision of this section shall have committed an infraction.

(e) Any report provided to a tax assessor pursuant to subsection (b) of this section on or after October 1, 2023, shall be confidential and shall not be disclosed under chapter 14.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-36aaa — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 821c / Section 47-36aaa
Sec. 47-36aaa. Definitions.
Status: in_force

(1) “Person” has the same meaning as provided in section 1-79 ;

(2) “Record” means to present any instrument to a town clerk for placement in the land records pursuant to section 7-24 ;

(3) “Rerecord” means to present any previously recorded instrument to a town clerk for placement in the land records pursuant to section 7-24 ;

(4) “Residential real property” means one-family to four-family residential real estate located in this state;

(5) “Real estate listing agreement” means any contract under which a real estate listing provider agrees to provide any real estate listing to any person in connection with any sale of residential real property;

(6) “Real estate listing provider” means any person who (A) is a party to a real estate listing agreement, and (B) provides, or agrees to provide, any real estate listing under the real estate listing agreement; and

(7) “Unfair real estate listing agreement” means any real estate listing agreement that (A) is entered into on or after July 1, 2024, (B) does not require the real estate listing provider who is a party to such agreement to perform any part of the real estate listing pursuant to such agreement within the one-year period immediately following the date on which the parties to such agreement entered into such agreement, and (C) (i) purports to run with the land or bind future owners of interests in the residential real property that is the subject of such agreement, (ii) allows for any assignment of any right to provide the real estate listing under such agreement without first providing notice to, and obtaining consent from, the owner of the residential real property that is the subject of such agreement, or (iii) purports to create any lien or encumbrance upon, or other security interest in, the residential real property that is the subject of such agreement.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47a-56j — Connecticut Code / Title 47a / Chapter 833a / Section 47a-56j
Sec. 47a-56j. (Formerly Sec. 19-347i). State financial assistance for rent receivership programs.
Status: in_force

See Sec. 8-220(c) re state grants-in-aid for cost of housing surveys, planning and research.

See Sec. 8-220a re municipal powers with respect to rent receivership programs.

See Sec. 8-226 re use of prior bond proceeds for purposes of this section.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47a-22a — Connecticut Code / Title 47a / Chapter 831 / Section 47a-22a
Sec. 47a-22a. Interest payable on security deposits of senior citizens and disabled persons in public housing. Payment of security deposit in installments.
Status: in_force

(b) Any housing authority, community housing development corporation or other corporation approved by the Commissioner of Housing for state financial assistance to provide public housing for senior citizens and disabled persons under the provisions of part VI or VII of chapter 128 shall, pursuant to a written agreement, permit the payment of a security deposit in installments that are reasonable in light of the income of the tenant. Such written agreement shall include the schedule of installment payments and a determination of the tenant's ability to pay under such a schedule. Such installments shall be payable in equal amounts at approximately equal intervals not exceeding one month over a period of at least twelve months. Interest payable pursuant to section 47a-21 shall not begin to accrue until the security deposit, including all installments due if applicable, has been paid in full. Nothing in this section shall preclude any such housing authority or corporation from waiving the payment of the security deposit, or agreeing to extend the installment payments over a period of more than twelve months.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-70 — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 825 / Section 47-70
Sec. 47-70. Declaration. Covenants, easements and liens on conveyances limited.
Status: reserved

(1) The name by which the condominium is to be identified, which name shall include the word “condominium” or be followed by the words, “a condominium”;

(2) A description of the land on which the buildings and improvements are, or are to be, located together with the title of and reference to a survey of such land prepared and certified substantially correct by a licensed surveyor or engineer and filed prior to or simultaneously with such declaration and the plans for the buildings and improvements constructed or to be constructed thereon, as more fully described in section 47-71 ;

(3) A description of each building constructed or to be constructed on the condominium property, or appurtenant to such property, stating for each such building the number of stories and basements, the number of units and the principal materials of which it is, or is to be, constructed;

(4) A general description of each unit, including its location, approximate area, and any other data necessary for its proper identification;

(5) A description of the common elements, together with a designation of those portions of the common elements that are limited common elements and the unit or units to which the use of each is restricted; or the method of determining to which unit or units the use of each is restricted;

(6) The percentage of undivided interest in the common elements appertaining to each unit and its owner and the method of apportioning the same, as provided in section 47-74 . The total percentage of the undivided interests of all of the units shall equal one hundred;

(7) The percentages of common expenses and common profits appertaining to each unit and its owner, as provided in section 47-74 ;

(8) The name of the association of unit owners and whether or not it is incorporated, and the name of a person to receive service of process in the cases hereinafter provided;

(9) The bylaws of the association of unit owners;

(10) Any further details in connection with the property which the persons executing the declaration may deem desirable to set forth consistent with this chapter;

(11) The method by which the declaration may be amended, consistent with the provisions of this chapter;

(b) If the condominium is an expandable condominium the declaration shall also contain the following:

(1) The explicit reservation of an option to expand the condominium;

(2) A statement of any limitations on that option, including, without limitation, a statement as to whether the consent of any unit owners shall be required, and if so, a statement as to the method whereby such consent shall be ascertained; or a statement that there are no such limitations;

(3) A time limit, not exceeding seven years from the recording of the declaration, upon which the option to expand the condominium shall expire, together with a statement of the circumstances, if any, which will terminate that option prior to the expiration of the time limit so specified;

(4) A description of all land that may be added to the condominium, henceforth referred to as “additional land”;

(5) A statement as to whether, if any of the additional land may be added to the condominium, all of it or any particular portion of it must be added, and if not, a statement of any limitations as to the portions which may be added or a statement that there are no such limitations;

(6) A statement as to whether portions of the additional land may be added to the condominium at different times, together with any limitations fixing the boundaries of those portions or regulating the order in which they may be added to the condominium;

(7) A statement of any limitations as to the locations of any improvements that may be made on any portions of the additional land added to the condominium, or a statement that no assurances are made in that regard;

(8) A statement of the maximum number of units that may be created on the additional land. If portions of the additional land may be added to the condominium and the boundaries of those portions are fixed in accordance with subdivision (6) of this subsection, the declaration shall also state the maximum number of units that may be created on each such portion added to the condominium. If portions of the additional land may be added to the condominium and the boundaries of those portions are not fixed in accordance with subdivision (6) of this subsection, then the declaration shall also state the maximum number of units per acre that may be created on any such portion added to the condominium;

(9) A statement, with respect to the additional land and to any portion or portions thereof that may be added to the condominium of the maximum percentage of the aggregate land and floor area of all units that may be created thereon that may be occupied by units not restricted exclusively to residential use;

(10) A statement of the extent to which any structures erected on any portion of the additional land added to the condominium will be compatible with structures on the submitted land in terms of quality of construction, the principal materials to be used, and architectural style, or a statement that no assurances are made in those regards;

(11) A description of all other improvements that will be made on any portion of the additional land added to the condominium, or a statement that no assurances are made in that regard;

(12) The name of the condominium shall include “an expandable condominium”;

(13) If under this subsection (b) a statement that there are no limitations, no termination of rights, no assurances given, or no maximum amount of land is designated, there shall also appear on the first page of the condominium declaration following the title, but prior to any text the words in letters which are conspicuously larger than used in the text: “Warning this is an expandable condominium in which there is no assurance or limitation on (hereafter specify the reserved power).” The same words shall conspicuously appear on purchase agreements for units subject to this declaration immediately above the purchaser's signature.

(c) The declaration may include such covenants and restrictions concerning the use, occupancy and transfer of units as are permitted by law with reference to real property; provided, however, that the rule against perpetuities and the rule restricting unreasonable restraints on alienation shall not be applied to defeat any rights given by the condominium instruments or by this chapter.

(d) The property submitted to a condominium declaration pursuant to this chapter, other than a nonresidential condominium, shall be conveyed by the declarant to purchasers in fee simple absolute, subject only to covenants, easements and liens, limited as follows:

(1) Property reservation which land developers commonly convey or dedicate to local bodies, public or private utilities or other easements, for the purpose of bringing utilities to or through the condominium, access to or through the condominium, and drainage to, from, and through other land in the vicinity of the condominium, and drainage to, from and through other land in the vicinity of the condominium;

(2) Taxes and assessments imposed by any public body having authority to assess and tax property, or by a property owners' association, which under law constitute liens before they are due and payable;

(3) Mutually beneficial property restrictions which would be enforceable by other owners in the subdivision or project of which the condominium is a part for more than five years after the first declaration in a planned project. Such restrictions shall not give declarant or any other person more power per unit owned than that which is proportionately equal to his fraction of the number of similar units planned or constructed in such subdivision or project, and the property shall not be subject to leasehold or reversionary interest.

Cited. 212 C. 147.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47a-1 — Connecticut Code / Title 47a / Chapter 830 / Section 47a-1
Sec. 47a-1. Definitions.
Status: in_force

(a) “Action” includes recoupment, counterclaim, set-off, cause of action and any other proceeding in which rights are determined, including an action for possession.

(b) “Building and housing codes” include any law, ordinance or governmental regulation concerning fitness for habitation or the construction, maintenance, operation, occupancy, use or appearance of any premises or dwelling unit.

(c) “Dwelling unit” means any house or building, or portion thereof, which is occupied, is designed to be occupied, or is rented, leased or hired out to be occupied, as a home or residence of one or more persons.

(d) “Landlord” means the owner, lessor or sublessor of the dwelling unit, the building of which it is a part or the premises.

(e) “Owner” means one or more persons, jointly or severally, in whom is vested (1) all or part of the legal title to property, or (2) all or part of the beneficial ownership and a right to present use and enjoyment of the premises and includes a mortgagee in possession.

(f) “Person” means an individual, corporation, limited liability company, the state or any political subdivision thereof, or agency, business trust, estate, trust, partnership or association, two or more persons having a joint or common interest, and any other legal or commercial entity.

(g) “Premises” means a dwelling unit and the structure of which it is a part and facilities and appurtenances therein and grounds, areas and facilities held out for the use of tenants generally or whose use is promised to the tenant.

(h) “Rent” means all periodic payments to be made to the landlord under the rental agreement.

(i) “Rental agreement” means all agreements, written or oral, and valid rules and regulations adopted under section 47a-9 or subsection (d) of section 21-70 embodying the terms and conditions concerning the use and occupancy of a dwelling unit or premises.

(j) “Roomer” means a person occupying a dwelling unit, which unit does not include a refrigerator, stove, kitchen sink, toilet and shower or bathtub and one or more of these facilities are used in common by other occupants in the structure.

(k) “Single-family residence” means a structure maintained and used as a single dwelling unit. Notwithstanding that a dwelling unit shares one or more walls with another dwelling unit or has a common parking facility, it is a single-family residence if it has direct access to a street or thoroughfare and does not share heating facilities, hot water equipment or any other essential facility or service with any other dwelling unit.

(l) “Tenant” means the lessee, sublessee or person entitled under a rental agreement to occupy a dwelling unit or premises to the exclusion of others or as is otherwise defined by law.

(m) “Tenement house” means any house or building, or portion thereof, which is rented, leased or hired out to be occupied, or is arranged or designed to be occupied, or is occupied, as the home or residence of three or more families, living independently of each other, and doing their cooking upon the premises, and having a common right in the halls, stairways or yards.

Cited. 190 C. 364; 194 C. 129; 215 C. 367; 237 C. 679.

Cited. 4 CA 608; 25 CA 177; 28 CA 684; 40 CA 513. Defendant's argument that sublessor is not an owner is misplaced, as it overlooks Subdiv. (e)(2) which provides in part that owner is one who has a beneficial interest in the premises and the right to possession. 81 CA 486.

Cited. 36 CS 611; 37 CS 579; 38 CS 1; Id., 370; Id., 683.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47a-23 — Connecticut Code / Title 47a / Chapter 832 / Section 47a-23
Sec. 47a-23. (Formerly Sec. 52-532). Notice to quit possession or occupancy of premises. Form. Delivery. Federal termination notice.
Status: in_force

(b) The notice shall be in writing substantially in the following form: “I (or we) hereby give you notice that you are to quit possession or occupancy of the (land, building, apartment or dwelling unit, or of any trailer or any land upon which a trailer is used or stands, as the case may be), now occupied by you at (here insert the address, including apartment number or other designation, as applicable), on or before the (here insert the date) for the following reason (here insert the reason or reasons for the notice to quit possession or occupancy using the statutory language or words of similar import, also the date and place of signing notice). A.B.”. If the owner or lessor, or the owner's or lessor's legal representative, attorney-at-law or attorney-in-fact knows of the presence of an occupant but does not know the name of such occupant, the notice for such occupant may be addressed to such occupant as “John Doe”, “Jane Doe” or some other alias which reasonably characterizes the person to be served.

(c) A copy of such notice shall be delivered to each lessee or occupant or left at such lessee's or occupant's place of residence or, if the rental agreement or lease concerns commercial property, at the place of the commercial establishment by a proper officer or indifferent person. Delivery of such notice may be made on any day of the week.

(d) With respect to a month-to-month or a week-to-week tenancy of a dwelling unit, a notice to quit possession based on nonpayment of rent shall, upon delivery, terminate the rental agreement for the month or week in which the notice is delivered, convert the month-to-month or week-to-week tenancy to a tenancy at sufferance and provide proper basis for a summary process action notwithstanding that such notice was delivered in the month or week after the month or week in which the rent is alleged to be unpaid.

(e) A termination notice required pursuant to federal law and regulations may be included in or combined with the notice required pursuant to this section and such inclusion or combination does not thereby render the notice required pursuant to this section equivocal, provided the rental agreement or lease shall not terminate until after the date specified in the notice for the lessee or occupant to quit possession or occupancy or the date of completion of the pretermination process, whichever is later. A use and occupancy disclaimer may be included in or combined with such notice, provided that such disclaimer does not take effect until after the date specified in the notice for the lessee or occupant to quit possession or occupancy or the date of the completion of the pretermination process, whichever is later. Such inclusion or combination does not thereby render the notice required pursuant to this section equivocal. Such disclaimer shall be in substantially the following form: “Any payments tendered after the date specified to quit possession or occupancy, or the date of the completion of the pretermination process if that is later, will be accepted for use and occupancy only and not for rent, with full reservation of rights to continue with the eviction action.”

Annotations to former section 52-532:

Statute is to be strictly construed. 12 C. 259; 14 C. 277. Termination of lease. 12 C. 559. Lessor need not directly authorize the particular person who leaves the notice to do so. 14 C. 276. Pleading. Id.; 32 C. 348. Landlord has no right to enter peaceably in tenant's absence and afterward hold possession by force. 23 C. 310; 52 C. 16. When statutory notice supersedes 6 months' notice in estates from year to year. 23 C. 317. Statute supersedes no common-law remedies except the notice to quit and the form of procedure. 29 C. 337. Writ issued by one justice may be made returnable to another. 36 C. 205. Judgment for plaintiff is conclusive evidence that defendant was his tenant. 48 C. 22. Conservator may bring action of summary process in his own name. 55 C. 116. Terms of notice held sufficient. 66 C. 438. Error in year stated for return day held immaterial. 70 C. 348. Character of possession held admissible under the issue. 73 C. 86. Purpose of act. 79 C. 308. Trustee may bring action to free trust from an encumbrance at a time after he is required to convey the property in fee. 91 C. 667. Waiver in lease of demand for rent and reentry; effect of justice judgment and record; waiver of forfeiture relied on as a defense. 92 C. 144. When equity will enjoin prosecution of summary process action. 93 C. 638; 96 C. 630; Id., 645. That action is brought on behalf of one who has agreed to purchase property, nil. sig. 94 C. 452. When statutory procedure of limited application lies. 95 C. 69; 102 C. 694. Duplicate, not attested copy, of notice to quit is necessary. 97 C. 66. History of statute. Id., 72. Tenancy at will terminated by reasonable notice to quit. 102 C. 640. Should be returned to justice in town where land lies, thereafter transferable to justice in town where either party resides; informalities in adjournment waived if parties eventually appear and are heard; action could be transferred by stipulation of parties under former Sec. 51-99. 104 C. 294. Necessary and only basis of summary process is that lease has terminated, not that rent is unpaid in itself. 125 C. 550. Notice may be signed by lessor's attorney. Id., 552. Defendant may not interpose counterclaim for declaratory judgment and damages and thereby secure transfer to Superior Court. 131 C. 528. Delay in bringing action after effective day of notice, if not unreasonable, will not prevent its maintenance. 132 C. 622. Notice describing property by wrong street number is invalid. 133 C. 95. Relief demanded in complaint is the determinative factor concerning the right of appeal. 134 C. 649. It is essential that lease should have terminated in one of ways specified. 135 C. 364. Cited. Id., 392; 144 C. 80. Essential to action that there has been a lease between parties and that it has terminated. 138 C. 474; 139 C. 598. Duplicate copy provision satisfied when original and duplicate differ merely in circumstantial discrepancies. 141 C. 247. Cited. 159 C. 64. Despite purpose of summary process to avoid delay loss and expense, stay of proceedings is not a “final judgment” and therefore not appealable. 164 C. 287.

Cited. 6 CS 156; 8 CS 389. Notice to quit possession equally valid whether served 10 days before termination of the lease or at least 10 days before the time specified in the notice for the lessee to quit possession. 12 CS 264. Cited. 13 CS 441. Nature of summary process discussed. 15 CS 141. Notices to quit which are served on two or more tenants need not be identical; statute merely requires that they be duplicates of their originals; a notice addressed specifically to one tenant and another notice addressed specifically to another tenant met the statutory requirements. 23 CS 291. Summary process is available only where there is a lease and it has been terminated; action is limited to cases where the issue of the expiration of the lease is simple issue of fact, not complicated by questions as to the proper legal construction of the lease. Id., 388. Quasi-public landlord must conduct informal hearing before commencing summary process action; section discussed and constitutionality questioned. 33 CS 15.

Period of “at least ten days” excludes both terminal days. 3 Conn. Cir. Ct. 385. After making use of the benefits of summary process, defendant could not then disclaim its applicability to him when it appeared to be to his disadvantage. Id., 561, 564. Cited. 5 Conn. Cir. Ct. 265. Notice to quit to be served 10 days before date of expiration of lease if one exists; if not, 10 days before time specified by notice to quit. Id., 419. Action for possession for nonpayment of rent must be based on lease and will not be successful when plaintiff and defendant had not agreed on any terms. 6 Conn. Cir. Ct. 1.

Annotations to present section:

Cited. 202 C. 128; 209 C. 724; 215 C. 701; 225 C. 600; 231 C. 213; Id., 923; 233 C. 213. Landlord, after withdrawing its complaint in a summary process action, is required to serve a new notice to quit prior to commencing a new summary process action against a tenant under Sec. 47a-23a. 292 C. 459.

Cited. 4 CA 162; Id., 627; 5 CA 101; 6 CA 373; 7 CA 301; Id., 639; 9 CA 477; 11 CA 360; 13 CA 150; 16 CA 574; 18 CA 384; 19 CA 483; Id., 564; 20 CA 159; 27 CA 530; 28 CA 684; 31 CA 575. The covenant of quiet enjoyment operates as a shield for the lessee in protecting his possessory interests in his leasehold; it does not serve as a sword of the landlord to terminate a lease agreement. 35 CA 185. Cited. 36 CA 432. Legislature did not intend to give an owner and lessor, but not a sublessor, an expeditious means of obtaining possession of the premises from a commercial tenant for nonpayment of rent; thus, plaintiff, as sublessor, could avail itself of section. 81 CA 486. Property owner may bring summary process action against one who has no right or privilege to occupy the premises without having to allege that the occupier is a tenant; furthermore, because statute requires party seeking summary process only to allege and prove ownership of the subject property and to assert a demand for possession, defendants could not prevail on their claim that plaintiff failed to prove that it was in possession of the premises or that it sought possession. 88 CA 661. Court order restoring tenant to possession in entry and detainer action did not create a new tenancy and plaintiff in summary process action was not required to serve a new notice to quit possession. 121 CA 790. The use of “or” indicates the disjunctive, therefore notice need not reflect both the owner's identity and the identity of the owner's legal representative, attorney-at-law or attorney-in-fact. 128 CA 805. Property manager's statements, including those of wanting to avoid court and attorneys and willingness to forgive 2-months unpaid rent, rendered previous unequivocal notice to quit equivocal, and was contrary to goal of insulating tenant from confusion and uncertainty. 132 CA 582. Although notice to quit did not set out the specific violation of the lease, it stated that defendant had to quit the premises due to violations of the lease and tracked the language of Subsec. (a), which met the requirements of Subsec. (b) re notices to quit. 133 CA 1. Section does not contain any language or provision providing that the trial court is deprived of subject matter jurisdiction over a summary process action unless al owners of the subject property agree with the initiation of the action by a statement in the complaint or some sworn statement. 204 CA 537.

Sovereign immunity to action under statute claimed; not waived by entering into lease under former Sec. 4-128; nonpayment of rent not a “taking” in constitutional sense which would nullify defense of sovereign immunity. 35 CS 180. Statute does not require the existence of a landlord-tenant relationship or consistency of ownership for an owner to evict. Id., 233. Defendant to tenant's unsolicited mailing of money order for next month's rent to landlord after issuance of notice to quit and prior to issuance of complaint and plaintiff's mere retention of money order was insufficient to constitute acceptance of rent; to constitute acceptance, retention requires demonstration of ownership such as endorsement or actual cashing of check; issuance of complaint one day after receipt of rental offer was unequivocal manifestation of plaintiff's rejection of tenant's rental offer. Id., 258. Cited. Id., 274; Id., 297. Notice to quit may be signed by duly authorized attorney. Id., 549. Discovery is available in summary process proceedings; summary process deemed and intended by legislature to be civil action. 36 CS 47. Cited. Id., 626; 37 CS 654; 38 CS 1; Id., 8; Id., 70; Id., 341; 40 CS 4; Id., 100.

Subsec. (a):

Where notice to quit provided wrong year for date to quit, trial court properly found that defect was circumstantial under Sec. 52-123 and that defendant had received actual notice in accordance with Subsec. 292 C. 381. Notice to quit signed by associate in lead attorney's name followed by associate's initials and with the explicit authorization of lead attorney satisfied requirement that notice to quit be given by owner's legal representative. 315 C. 387.

If lease is subsequent to mortgage, foreclosure extinguishes lease. 52 CA 37. Reasons for issuing a notice to quit set forth in Subsec. are the only reasons that an owner may rely on for issuing a valid notice to quit; where owner relies on Subdiv. (4) in notice to quit, but fails to show that tenant was member of the class described in Sec. 47a-23c, the notice is invalid; prefatory language in Subdiv. (4) indicates that legislature intended Subdiv. to apply only to summary process actions authorized by Sec. 47a-23c(b) and only to the protected class of tenants described therein. 68 CA 638. Where legal title to real property rested with estate of decedent, it was within executor's power, as fiduciary and legal representative of the estate, to maintain summary process action on behalf of estate. 118 CA 577. Subdiv. (3): Valid notice to quit can occur simultaneously with termination of right or privilege to occupy. 144 CA 188.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47a-53 — Connecticut Code / Title 47a / Chapter 833a / Section 47a-53
Sec. 47a-53. (Formerly Sec. 19-344). Orders of enforcement agency. Municipal lien for expenses in executing order.
Status: in_force

(b) If any order of the board of health or other enforcing agency is not complied with, or not so far complied with as the board or other enforcing agency regards as reasonable, within five days after the service thereof, or within such shorter time as the board or other enforcing agency designates, such order may be executed by the board or other enforcing agency, through its officers, agents, employees or contractors. The expense of executing such order, including an amount not to exceed five per cent of the expense thereof as a service charge and ten per cent of the expense thereof as a penalty shall be collected from the owner by an action in the name of the city, borough or town.

(c) (1) Any expense of executing an order, including any service charge and penalty imposed by the board of health or other enforcing agency pursuant to the provisions of subsection (b) of this section, and remaining unpaid for a period of sixty days after its due date, shall constitute a lien upon the real estate against which the expense was imposed, provided a notice of violation is recorded in the land records and indexed in the name of the property owner not later than thirty days after the expense was imposed.

(2) Each such notice of violation shall be effective from the time of the recording on the land records. Each lien shall take precedence over transfers and encumbrances recorded after such time.

(3) Any municipal lien pursuant to the provisions of this section may be foreclosed in the same manner as a mortgage.

(4) Any municipal lien pursuant to this section may be discharged or dissolved in the manner provided in sections 49-35a to 49-37 , inclusive.

(d) Any board of health or other enforcing agency imposing an expense, including a service charge and penalty, pursuant to subsection (b) of this section, shall maintain a current record of all properties with respect to which such expenses remain unpaid in the office of such board or agency. Such record shall be available for inspection by the public.

Annotation to former section 19-344:

Cited. 117 C. 351.

Annotation to present section:

Cited. 211 C. 501.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-261f — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 828 / Section 47-261f
Sec. 47-261f. Litigation involving declarant.
Status: in_force

(1) Subject to subsections (e) and (f) of this section, before the association institutes a proceeding described in this section, it shall provide notice in a record of its claims to the declarant and those persons that the association seeks to hold liable for the claimed defects. The text of the notice may be in any form reasonably calculated to give notice of the general nature of the association's claims, including a list of the claimed defects. The notice may be delivered by any method of service and may be addressed to any person if the method of service used: (A) Provides actual notice to the person named in the claim; or (B) would be sufficient to give notice to the person in connection with commencement of an action by the association against the person.

(2) Subject to subsection (e) of this section, the association may not institute a proceeding against a person until forty-five days after the association sends notice of its claim to that person.

(3) During the time period set forth in subdivision (2) of this subsection, the declarant and any other person to which the association gave notice may present to the association a plan to repair or otherwise remedy the construction defects described in the notice. If the association does not receive a timely remediation plan from a person to which it gave notice, or if the association does not accept the terms of any remediation plan submitted, the association may institute a proceeding against the person.

(4) If the association receives one or more timely remediation plans, the executive board shall consider promptly those remediation plans and notify the persons to which it directed notice whether the remediation plan is acceptable as presented, acceptable with stated conditions, or not accepted.

(5) If the association accepts a remediation plan from a person the association seeks to hold liable for the claimed defect, or if a person agrees to stated conditions to an otherwise acceptable remediation plan, the parties shall agree on a period for implementation of the remediation plan. The association may not institute a proceeding against the person during the time the remediation plan is being diligently implemented.

(6) Any statute of limitation affecting the association's right of action against a declarant or other person is tolled during the time period set forth in subdivision (2) of this subsection and during any extension of that time because a person to which notice was directed has commenced and is diligently pursuing the remediation plan.

(b) After the time period set forth in subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of this section expires, whether or not the association agrees to any remediation plan, a proceeding may be instituted by: (1) The association against a person to which notice was directed which fails to submit a timely remediation plan, the plan of which is not acceptable, or which fails to pursue diligent implementation of that plan; or (2) a unit owner with respect to the owner's unit and any limited common elements assigned to that unit, regardless of any action of the association.

(c) The provisions of this section do not preclude the association from making repairs necessary to mitigate damages or to correct any defect that poses a significant and immediate health or safety risk.

(d) Subject to the other provisions of this section, the determination of whether and when the association may institute a proceeding described in this section may be made by the executive board. The declaration may not require a vote by any number or percentage of unit owners as a condition to institution of a proceeding.

(e) The provisions of this section shall not prevent an association from seeking equitable relief, a remedy in aid of arbitration or a prejudgment remedy under chapter 903a at any time without complying with subdivision (1) or (2) of subsection (a) of this section.

(f) If the time for termination of any period of declarant control occurs and the declarant has failed to comply with subsection (d), (f) or (h) of section 47-245 , the limitations set forth in this section and the association's authority to institute litigation shall not apply.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-99 — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 826 / Section 47-99
Sec. 47-99. Advertisement of securities; prior filing; hearings; media responsibility.
Status: in_force

(b) No person shall publish any advertisement concerning any real estate syndicate security in this state after the commission finds that the advertisement contains any statement that is false or misleading or omits to make any statement necessary in order to make the statements made in the light of the circumstances under which they were made not misleading and so notifies the person in writing. After such notification is issued, the person or persons named therein may, within twenty days after receipt of the notification, file a written request for a hearing. Said hearing shall be held within the time period and in accordance with the procedures set forth for hearings contained in section 20-321 .

(c) The owner, publisher, licensee or operator of any newspaper, magazine, visual or sound radio broadcasting station or network of stations or the agents or employees of any such owner, publisher, licensee or operator of such newspaper, magazine, station or network of stations shall not be liable under this chapter for any advertising regarding any real estate syndicate security sold or offered for sale in this state carried in any such newspaper or magazine or by any such visual or sound radio broadcasting station or network of stations nor shall any of them be liable under said chapter for the contents of any such advertisement.

See Sec. 47-103(b) re conduct of hearings.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47a-3a — Connecticut Code / Title 47a / Chapter 830 / Section 47a-3a
Sec. 47a-3a. Rental agreement: Payment of rent. Written receipt for cash payment.
Status: in_force

(b) Unless otherwise agreed: (1) Rent is payable at the dwelling unit; (2) periodic rent is payable at the beginning of any term of one month or less and for terms of more than one month in equal monthly installments at the beginning of each month.

(c) Upon receipt of a payment in cash from or on behalf of an occupant, a landlord shall provide the person making the payment with a receipt stating the date of the payment, the amount received and the purpose for which the payment was made.

Cited. 38 CS 683.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-41 — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 822 / Section 47-41
Sec. 47-41. Notice considered a disturbance of the right.
Status: in_force

Cited. 140 C. 370; 142 C. 296.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-278 — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 828 / Section 47-278
Sec. 47-278. Cause of action to enforce chapter, declaration or bylaws. Attorney's fees and costs. Alternative dispute resolution. Hearings before executive board.
Status: in_force

(b) Parties to a dispute arising under this chapter, the declaration or the bylaws may agree to resolve the dispute by any form of binding or nonbinding alternative dispute resolution, provided: (1) A declarant may agree with the association to do so only after the period of declarant control has expired; and (2) an agreement to submit to any form of binding alternative dispute resolution must be in a record authenticated by the parties.

(c) (1) (A) Notwithstanding any provision of the declaration or bylaws to the contrary, and except as otherwise provided under subdivision (2) of this subsection, before an association brings an action or institutes a proceeding against a unit owner other than a declarant, the association shall schedule a hearing to be held during a regular or special meeting of the executive board and shall send a written notice by regular mail, to the unit owner at least ten business days prior to the date of such hearing. Such notice shall include a statement of the nature of the claim against the unit owner and the date, time and place of the hearing.

(B) The unit owner shall have the right to give testimony orally or in writing at the hearing, either personally or through a representative, and the executive board shall consider such testimony in making a decision whether to bring an action or institute a proceeding against such unit owner.

(C) Notwithstanding any provision of the declaration or bylaws to the contrary, the executive board shall make such decision and the association shall send such decision in writing by regular mail, to the unit owner, not later than thirty days after the date on which the hearing concludes.

(2) The provisions of subdivision (1) of this subsection shall not apply to an action brought by an association against a unit owner (A) to prevent immediate and irreparable harm, or (B) to foreclose a lien for an assessment attributable to a unit or fines imposed against a unit owner pursuant to section 47-258 .

(d) (1) Any unit owner other than a declarant, seeking to enforce a right granted or obligation imposed by this chapter, the declaration or the bylaws against the association or another unit owner other than a declarant, may submit a written request to the association for a hearing before the executive board. Such request shall include a statement of the nature of the claim against the association or another unit owner.

(2) Notwithstanding any provision of the declaration or bylaws to the contrary, not later than thirty days after the date on which the association receives such request, the association shall schedule a hearing to be held during a regular or special meeting of the executive board and shall send written notice by regular mail, to the unit owner at least ten business days prior to the date of such hearing. Such notice shall include the date, time and place of the hearing. Such hearing shall be held not later than forty-five days after the date on which the association receives such request.

(3) Notwithstanding any provision of the declaration or bylaws to the contrary, the executive board shall make a decision on the unit owner's claim and the association shall send such decision in writing by regular mail, to the unit owner, not later than thirty days after the date on which the hearing concludes.

(4) The failure of the association to comply with the provisions of this subsection shall not affect a unit owner's right to bring an action pursuant to subsection (a) of this section.

Cited. 237 C. 123.

Cited. 22 CA 497; 38 CA 420.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-244b — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 828 / Section 47-244b
Sec. 47-244b. Service of process on statutory agent.
Status: in_force

(b) If it appears from the records of the Secretary of the State that such a unit owners' association has failed to appoint or maintain a statutory agent for service, or if it appears by affidavit attached to the process, notice or demand of the officer or other proper person directed to serve any process, notice or demand upon such an association's statutory agent for service appearing on the records of the Secretary of the State that such agent cannot, with reasonable diligence, be found at the address shown on such records as the agent's address, service of such process, notice or demand on such association may, when timely made, be made by such officer or other proper person by: (1) Leaving a true and attested copy thereof together with the required fee at the office of the Secretary of the State or depositing the same in the United States mails, by registered or certified mail, postage prepaid, addressed to such office, and (2) depositing in the United States mails, by registered or certified mail, postage prepaid, a true and attested copy thereof, together with a statement by such officer or person that service is being made pursuant to this section, addressed to such association at its principal office.

(c) The Secretary of the State shall file the copy of each process, notice or demand received by him as provided in subsection (b) of this section and keep a record of the day and hour of such receipt. Service made as provided in this section shall be effective as of such day and hour.

(d) Nothing herein contained shall limit or affect the right to serve any process, notice or demand required or permitted by law to be served upon a unit owners' association in any other manner now or hereafter permitted by law.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47a-44 — Connecticut Code / Title 47a / Chapter 833 / Section 47a-44
Sec. 47a-44. (Formerly Sec. 52-463). Judge to try issue unless jury moved for and bond posted.
Status: in_force

Annotations to former section 52-463:

If jury disagree, another may be summoned. 4 C. 93. Evidence that complainant has no title is irrelevant. Id., 94. Taxation of costs. Id., 95. A writ of error is a supersedeas of the writ of restitution. Id.; Id., 371. Not guilty, a good plea. 18 C. 86. General verdict sufficient. Id., 85; Id., 101. Each party may challenge two jurors. 20 C. 518. Cited. 150 C. 348.

Distinguished from civil action under Sec. 52-465. 30 CS 607.

Annotation to present section:

Cited. 203 C. 103.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-289 — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 828 / Section 47-289
Sec. 47-289. Rent increases of conversion tenants.
Status: in_force

(b) After a transition period ends, the rent of any conversion tenant, including tenants protected under section 47a-23c , may be increased only to the extent such increase is fair and equitable, based on the criteria set forth in section 7-148c . At least sixty days notice of any proposed increase shall be given to a conversion tenant. A rent increase may include the amount of assessment on that dwelling unit for the payment of current common expenses under section 47-257 , to the extent not already included in the tenant's rent.

(c) Any converted tenant aggrieved by a rent increase or proposed rent increase may seek the relief available under subdivision (2) of subsection (c) of section 47a-23c .

Cited. 207 C. 441.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-266 — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 828 / Section 47-266
Sec. 47-266. Requirements for public offering statement when ownership or occupancy is by time shares.
Status: in_force

(b) The requirements of this section are in addition to the requirements of section 42-103mm .

Cited. 207 C. 441.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-71 — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 825 / Section 47-71
Sec. 47-71. Recording of declaration and other instruments.
Status: in_force

(b) The declaration and all condominium instruments filed or recorded by the declarant with or pursuant to the declaration shall be filed or recorded and shall not be of legal effect until filed or recorded on the land records of the municipality in which the property lies. Such instruments shall be indexed in the grantor volume under the name of the declarant and in the grantee volume under the name of the condominium, and shall contain a reference to the file number of the plans of the buildings and improvements comprising the condominium created thereby. In the event the land records contain separate grantor indexes for persons and corporations, the name of such condominium shall be indexed in the grantee volume for corporations.

(c) After any of the original condominium instruments has been modified or amended a total of five times, the board of directors shall prepare a restatement of such condominium instrument, incorporating all modifications and amendments to date, which instrument shall be recorded forthwith.

(d) Simultaneously with the recording of the original declaration, if not previously filed, there shall be filed in the office of the town clerk of the municipality in which the condominium is located one or more surveys of the land submitted to the provisions of this chapter, showing (1) the boundary of the property and the immediate boundary of adjoining streets or highways to which the property has access; (2) the location and dimensions of any existing improvements; (3) the intended location and dimensions of any proposed improvements which are to be located within the condominium property; (4) to the extent feasible, the location and dimensions of all easements granted by or to the condominium; (5) any encroachments by or on any portion of the condominium property; (6) the distances between parcels constituting the condominium property, if any parcels are not contiguous; (7) to the extent then known, the location and dimensions of any parcels which may be added to the condominium property pursuant to section 47-70 , labeling each such parcel as an expansion parcel and, if there is more than one such parcel, identifying each parcel with an identifying letter or number, distinguishable from the letters or numbers used to identify individual units, and, where such expansion parcel is noncontiguous to the existing condominium property, the distance between each such expansion parcel and the existing condominium property. The specification within this subsection of matters to be shown on the survey shall not be construed to exclude other matters customarily shown or hereafter required for land title surveys.

(e) There shall also be filed plans of every building which contains or constitutes all or any part of any unit or units, and which is located on any portion of the condominium parcel. Such plans shall show the approximate dimensions, floor area and location of each unit in each such building; the location and approximate dimensions of the limited common elements and common elements appertaining to each such building; and the elevation, or average elevation, in case of minor variances, above sea level, or from a fixed known point, of the upper and lower boundaries of each unit delineated on the plans. Such plans shall state the name of the condominium and shall bear a verified statement of a registered architect or licensed professional engineer certifying that the plans are an accurate copy of portions of the plans filed with the building official appointed pursuant to section 29-260 . Each unit shall be designated on the condominium plans by a letter or number, or a combination of them, or other appropriate designation. In the event the plans are modified, new plans shall be prepared and filed, containing all the identifications and references of the original plans, numbered identically to the original plans, filed therewith and designated “unit ownership–plans modified (indicate date).”

(f) When adding additional land to an expandable condominium, the declarant shall file with the town clerk a new survey or surveys conforming to the requirements of subsection (d) of this section.

(g) Each conveyance of any legal interest in a unit shall be recorded and indexed similarly to the conveyance of any interest in real property. No instrument conveying or purporting to convey such an interest shall be effectual against any other person but the grantor and his heirs unless recorded on the land records of the municipality in which the property lies.

(h) If the condominium instruments create any restraint on free alienability of the condominium units including but not limited to a right of first refusal, the condominium association shall, during the month of January in each year, record on the land records of the municipality or municipalities where such condominium is located, a certificate setting forth the names of the president, secretary and treasurer of such association, their terms of office and the mailing address to which requests for approval of transfers or leases shall be sent.

(i) Each condominium association shall, during the month of January in each year record on the land records of the municipality or municipalities where such condominium is located, a certificate setting forth the name and address of the insurance agency or agencies servicing the insurance policies required under section 47-83 and the expiration date of such policies. The information required by this subsection and by subsection (h) of this section may be included in a single certificate where appropriate.

Cited. 212 C. 147; 228 C. 476.

Cited. 7 CA 496.

Subsec. (b):

Property does not have condominium status until proper condominium instruments filed or recorded on land records. 49 CA 106.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47a-41 — Connecticut Code / Title 47a / Chapter 832 / Section 47a-41
Sec. 47a-41. (Formerly Sec. 52-548). Waiver of tenant's rights to be void.
Status: in_force

Cited. 36 CS 623; 38 CS 70.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-75 — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 825 / Section 47-75
Sec. 47-75. Obligations of unit owners. Limit on liability of unit owner.
Status: in_force

(b) No unit owner shall do any work which may jeopardize the soundness or safety of the property, reduce the value thereof or impair any easement, right, appurtenance or other interest constituting a common element without the unanimous consent of all the other unit owners.

(c) Except in proportion to his percentage interest in the common elements, no unit owner, officer or director of the association shall be personally liable for (1) damages resulting from injuries arising upon or in connection with the common elements, solely by virtue of his ownership of a percentage interest therein; or (2) liabilities incurred by the association of unit owners, its directors and its agents.

Where plaintiff sought both legal and equitable relief, court had concurrent legal and equitable jurisdiction and the running of applicable limitation period barred both legal and equitable claims brought under section. 169 CA 21. Statute of limitations provided in Sec. 52-575 is not applicable to plaintiff's causes of action brought under this section, and are barred by the statute of limitations set forth in Sec. 52-576 or Sec. 52-577. Id.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-33e — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 821 / Section 47-33e
Sec. 47-33e. Prior interests void.
Status: in_force

Cited. 183 C. 59; 219 C. 81; 239 C. 199.

Cited. 3 CA 550; 44 CA 683; 46 CA 525.

Cited. 34 CS 31.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-42a — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 822 / Section 47-42a
Sec. 47-42a. Definitions.
Status: in_force

(a) “Conservation restriction” means a limitation, whether or not stated in the form of a restriction, easement, covenant or condition, in any deed, will or other instrument executed by or on behalf of the owner of the land described therein, including, but not limited to, the state or any political subdivision of the state, or in any order of taking such land whose purpose is to retain land or water areas predominantly in their natural, scenic or open condition or in agricultural, farming, forest or open space use.

(b) “Preservation restriction” means a limitation, whether or not stated in the form of a restriction, easement, covenant or condition, in any deed, will or other instrument executed by or on behalf of the owner of land, including, but not limited to, the state or any political subdivision of the state, or in any order of taking of such land whose purpose is to preserve historically significant structures or sites.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-51 — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 823 / Section 47-51
Sec. 47-51. Repair of division fence.
Status: in_force

Defendant's obligation to keep fence in repair must be averred. 15 C. 532. Fence viewers are the sole judges as to sufficiency of fence. 24 C. 277. Fence viewers are not judicial officers. Id.; 28 C. 604. Unnecessary to set forth in notice the particular defects; what notice is sufficient. 24 C. 277; 29 C. 421; Id., 431. Not necessary that notice should be given delinquent party of the time of meeting to estimate value of repairs. 28 C. 605; 101 C. 289. The 15 days given to repair run from time of serving notice; to what extent complainant, on neglect of the owner, may repair. 29 C. 431. Selectmen's order is void if fence is not a divisional fence; question may be raised for first time in Superior Court. 101 C. 288.

Cited. 4 Conn. Cir. Ct. 196, 199.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-7a — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 821 / Section 47-7a
Sec. 47-7a. (Formerly Sec. 47-58a). Rights of aliens re real estate. Validation of real estate transfers to aliens.
Status: in_force

(b) Any transfer of real estate to any such alien prior to October 1, 1985, is validated.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-117 — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 827 / Section 47-117
Sec. 47-117. Express warranties.
Status: in_force

(b) No formal words, such as “warranty” or “guarantee”, nor any specific intention to make a warranty shall be necessary to create an express warranty, provided a simple affirmation of the value of the improvement or a statement purporting to be an opinion or commendation of the improvement shall not of itself create such a warranty.

(c) No words in the contract of sale or the deed, nor merger of the contract of sale into such deed shall exclude or modify any express warranty made pursuant to subsection (a) of this section. Such warranty may, at any time after the execution of the contract of sale, be excluded or modified wholly or partially by any written instrument, signed by the purchaser, setting forth in detail the warranty to be excluded or modified, the consent of the purchaser to such exclusion or modification and the terms of the new agreement.

(d) An express warranty shall terminate: (1) In the case of an improvement completed at the time of the delivery of the deed to the purchaser, one year after the delivery or one year after the taking of possession by the purchaser, whichever occurs first; and (2) in the case of an improvement not completed at the time of delivery of the deed to the purchaser, one year after the date of the completion or one year after taking of possession by the purchaser, whichever occurs first.

Cited. 196 C. 509; 232 C. 666.

Cited. 11 CA 289.

Subsec. (c):

Clear language of Subsec. precluded finding that express new home warranties were effectively disclaimed by language in sales contract. 62 CA 113.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-230 — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 828 / Section 47-230
Sec. 47-230. Alterations of units.
Status: in_force

(1) May make any improvements or alterations to his unit that do not impair the structural integrity or mechanical systems or lessen the support of any portion of the common interest community;

(2) May not change the appearance of the common elements, or the exterior appearance of a unit or any other portion of the common interest community, without permission of the association;

(3) After acquiring an adjoining unit or an adjoining part of an adjoining unit, may remove or alter any intervening partition or create apertures therein, even if the partition in whole or in part is a common element, if those acts do not impair the structural integrity or mechanical systems or lessen the support of any portion of the common interest community. Removal of partitions or creation of apertures under this subsection is not an alteration of boundaries.

Cited. 207 C. 441.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-261e — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 828 / Section 47-261e
Sec. 47-261e. Adoption of budgets. Special assessments. Loan agreements.
Status: in_force

(2) The executive board of an association of a common interest community, or of a master association as defined in section 47-239 exercising the powers on behalf of one or more common interest communities or for the benefit of the unit owners of one or more common interest communities, which community or communities were established prior to July 3, 1991, and have more than two thousand four hundred residential units, at least annually, shall adopt a proposed budget for the common interest community for consideration by the unit owners. Not later than thirty days after the adoption of a proposed budget, the executive board shall provide to all unit owners a summary of the proposed budget, including a statement of the amount of any reserves, and a statement of the basis on which such reserves are calculated and funded. Simultaneously, the board shall set a date not less than ten days or more than sixty days after providing the summary for either a meeting of the unit owners or a vote by ballot without a meeting to consider approval or rejection of the proposed budget. If, at that meeting or in the vote by ballot, a majority of unit owners actually voting votes to reject the proposed budget, the proposed budget shall be rejected, provided not less than thirty-three and one-third per cent of the unit owners entitled to vote on the proposed budget vote at that meeting or in the vote by ballot to reject the proposed budget. If an association's declaration or bylaws include quorum requirements for a meeting, the absence of a quorum at such meeting or participating in the vote by ballot shall not affect rejection or approval of the proposed budget. If a proposed budget is rejected, the budget last approved by the unit owners continues until unit owners approve a subsequent budget. If a proposed budget is not rejected in accordance with the provisions of this subdivision, the proposed budget shall be deemed approved.

(b) (1) Except as provided in subdivision (2) of this subsection, the executive board, at any time, may propose a special assessment. Not later than thirty days after adoption of a proposed special assessment, the executive board shall provide to all unit owners a summary of the proposed special assessment. Unless the declaration or bylaws otherwise provide, if the proposed special assessment, together with all other special and emergency assessments proposed by the executive board in the same calendar year, does not exceed fifteen per cent of the association's last adopted periodic budget for that calendar year, the proposed special assessment is effective without approval of the unit owners. Otherwise, the board shall set a date not less than ten days or more than sixty days after providing the summary for either a meeting of the unit owners or a vote by ballot without a meeting to consider approval or rejection of the proposed special assessment. If, at that meeting or in the vote by ballot, a majority of all unit owners or any larger number specified in the declaration votes to reject the special assessment, the special assessment shall be rejected. If, at such meeting or in the balloting, a majority of all unit owners or any larger number specified in the declaration does not vote to reject the special assessment, the special assessment shall be approved. The absence of a quorum at such meeting or participating in the vote by ballot shall not affect the rejection or approval of the special assessment. If a proposed special assessment is not rejected in accordance with the provisions of this subdivision, the proposed special assessment shall be deemed approved.

(2) The executive board of an association of a common interest community, or of a master association as defined in section 47-239 exercising the powers on behalf of one or more common interest communities or for the benefit of the unit owners of one or more common interest communities, which community or communities were established prior to July 3, 1991, and have more than two thousand four hundred residential units, at any time, may propose a special assessment. Not later than thirty days after adoption of a proposed special assessment, the executive board shall provide to all unit owners a summary of the proposed special assessment. Unless the declaration or bylaws otherwise provide, if the proposed special assessment, together with all other special and emergency assessments proposed by the executive board in the same calendar year, does not exceed fifteen per cent of the association's last adopted periodic budget for that calendar year, the proposed special assessment is effective without approval of the unit owners. Otherwise, the board shall set a date not less than ten days or more than sixty days after providing the summary for either a meeting of the unit owners or a vote by ballot without a meeting to consider approval or rejection of the proposed special assessment. If, at that meeting or in the vote by ballot, a majority of unit owners actually voting votes to reject the proposed special assessment, the proposed special assessment shall be rejected, provided not less than thirty-three and one-third per cent of the unit owners entitled to vote on the proposed special assessment vote at that meeting or in the vote by ballot to reject the proposed special assessment. If an association's declaration or bylaws include quorum requirements for a meeting, the absence of a quorum at such meeting or participating in the vote by ballot shall not affect the rejection or approval of the proposed special assessment. If a proposed special assessment is not rejected in accordance with the provisions of this subdivision, the proposed special assessment shall be deemed approved.

(c) If the executive board determines by a two-thirds vote that a special assessment is necessary to respond to an emergency: (1) The special assessment becomes effective immediately in accordance with the terms of the vote; (2) notice of the emergency assessment must be provided promptly to all unit owners; and (3) the executive board may spend the funds paid on account of the emergency assessment only for the purposes described in the vote.

(d) Notwithstanding any provision of the declaration or bylaws to the contrary, at least fourteen days prior to entering into any loan agreement on behalf of the association, the executive board shall (1) disclose in a record to all unit owners the amount and terms of the loan and the estimated effect of such loan on any common expense assessment, and (2) afford the unit owners a reasonable opportunity to submit comments in a record to the executive board with respect to such loan.

(e) Unless prohibited or otherwise limited in the declaration, if the executive board proposes to enter into a loan agreement on behalf of the association and to assign its right to future income as security for such loan pursuant to subdivision (14) of subsection (a) of section 47-244 , then, in addition to satisfying the requirements of subsection (d) of this section, unit owners of units to which at least a majority of the votes in the association are allocated, or any larger percentage or fraction stated in the declaration, must vote in favor of or agree to such assignment.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47a-3 — Connecticut Code / Title 47a / Chapter 830 / Section 47a-3
Sec. 47a-3. Rental agreement: Permissible terms.
Status: in_force

Cited. 38 CS 1; Id., 683.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47a-68 — Connecticut Code / Title 47a / Chapter 834 / Section 47a-68
Sec. 47a-68. Definitions.
Status: in_force

(1) Summary process;

(2) Appeals from the decisions of a fair rent commission under sections 7-148e and 7-148f ;

(3) Actions and administrative appeals involving discrimination in the sale or rental of residential property;

(4) All actions regarding forcible entry and detainer;

(5) Actions under the provisions of this title, chapter 412 or section 47-294 ;

(6) All actions involving one or more violations of any state or municipal health, housing, building, electrical, plumbing, fire or sanitation code, including violations occurring in commercial properties, or of any other statute, ordinance or regulation concerned with the health, safety or welfare of any occupant of any housing;

(7) All actions under sections 47a-56a to 47a-59 , inclusive;

(8) All actions for back rent, damages, return of security deposits and other relief arising out of the parties' relationship as landlord and tenant or owner and occupant;

(9) All other actions of any nature concerning the health, safety or welfare of any occupant of any place used or intended for use as a place of human habitation if any such action arises from or is related to its occupancy or right of occupancy.

See Sec. 51-51v re appointment of clerks for housing matters.

See Sec. 51-165 re assignment of judges to hear housing matters.

See Sec. 51-278(b) re designation of assistant or deputy assistant state's attorneys to handle prosecutions of housing matters.

See Sec. 51-348 re separate docket for housing matters.

Cited. 214 C. 256; 217 C. 57.

Cited. 1 CA 439.

Cited. 36 CS 47. Jurisdiction of housing session of Superior Court over prosecutions of state and city building code violations is beyond reproach. Id., 103. Cited. 37 CS 534; Id., 569.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47a-32 — Connecticut Code / Title 47a / Chapter 832 / Section 47a-32
Sec. 47a-32. (Formerly Sec. 52-540). Nuisance defined.
Status: in_force

Annotation to former section 52-540:

Cited. 241 C. 502.

Annotations to present section:

Cited. 57 CA 731.

Cited. 38 CS 70.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-14a — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 821 / Section 47-14a
Sec. 47-14a. Joint tenancy in fee simple with survivorship.
Status: in_force

Mere omission of word “heirs” in grant in deed executed in 1948 held not sufficient to defeat otherwise clearly expressed intent to create fee, nor arbitrarily to reduce it to life estate. 149 C. 137. Joint tenant wife was entitled to exoneration of mortgage made by her husband on property he first owned as sole owner and later transferred to them jointly; his estate was liable for all the mortgage as the debt was incurred solely by the decedent. 158 C. 225. Cited. Id., 229; 204 C. 502.

Cited. 32 CS 227.

Although a 1956 instrument of conveyance contained no reference to the creation of a joint tenancy, it did contain some reference to survivorship; consequently, by virtue of statute, the court will hold that a joint tenancy was created. 3 Conn. Cir. Ct. 664, 668.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-119 — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 827 / Section 47-119
Sec. 47-119. Vendor not to evade by intermediate transfer.
Status: in_force

Cited. 212 C. 816; 215 C. 286.

Cited. 19 CA 280.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-88b — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 825 / Section 47-88b
Sec. 47-88b. Conversion condominiums: Requirements for conversion.
Status: in_force

(1) A specific statement of the amount of any initial or special condominium fee due from the purchaser on or before settlement of the purchase contract and the basis of such fee.

(2) Information on the actual expenditures made on all repairs, maintenance, operation or upkeep of the subject building or buildings within the last three years, set forth tabularly with the proposed budget of the condominiums and cumulatively broken down on a per unit basis in proportion to the percentage of the undivided interest in the common expenses allocated to each unit by the condominium instruments. If such building or buildings have not been occupied for a period of three years then the information shall be set forth for the maximum period such building or buildings have been occupied.

(3) A description of the provisions made in the budget for adequate reserves for capital expenditures and an explanation of the basis for such reserves as required by section 47-88e .

(4) A statement of the declarant, certified by a professional engineer registered or exempted under chapter 391, as to the present conditions of all structural and major mechanical components in the condominium which statement shall include the approximate dates of construction, installation and major repairs, and the expected useful life of each item, together with the estimated cost, in current dollars, of replacing each of the same.

(b) Notice to tenants. In the case of a conversion condominium, the landlord or developer shall give at least one hundred eighty days notice to each of the tenants of the building or buildings which are to be submitted to the provisions of this chapter. Such notice shall be hand-delivered or sent by certified mail, return receipt requested, and shall inform tenants of: (1) The owner's intent to create a conversion condominium; (2) the exclusive right of each tenant to contract for the purchase of his unit during the first ninety days; (3) the right of each tenant to remain in his unit for one hundred eighty days or until the expiration of his lease; (4) the possibility of relocation assistance and the address and phone number for information concerning such assistance; (5) the availability of state financial assistance to assist a tenant in the purchase of his unit; and (6) whether the declarant is offering or arranging any special financing. Such notice shall be accompanied by a copy of the public offering statement containing the information required by section 47-71b and subsection (a) of this section.

(c) Purchase of unit by tenant. Termination of tenancy. For a period of ninety days after the thirty-day period established under subsection (j) of this section, each of the said tenants shall have the exclusive right to contract for the purchase of the unit he occupies. Any tenants who do not exercise said option shall be entitled to remain in the premises under their existing leases, subject to all the terms and conditions contained therein, except that upon the filing of the declaration said lease shall be considered assigned to the declarant. After receiving such notice a tenant may abandon his unit and terminate his tenancy without incurring any liability for such early termination of his rental agreement provided he gives one month's advance notice to the landlord. At the option of the tenant, any lease which expires within such one hundred eighty-day period shall be extended to the end of such period and no increase in rent may take effect during such period.

(d) Failure to conform to provisions of this section. Except pursuant to a purchase agreement for a unit, any provision in a contract, lease or other undertaking which allows a landlord or developer at his option to cancel and terminate such contract, lease or other undertaking upon the conversion of the property to the condominium form of ownership without conforming to the notice and option requirements of this section is hereby declared to be unenforceable and contrary to public policy.

(e) Evidence of proper notice. Any declarant of a conversion condominium shall, in addition to the requirements of subsection (a) of this section, include with the condominium instruments a copy of the notice set forth in subsection (b) of this section and a certified statement that such notice, fully complying with the provisions of subsection (b) of this section, was, prior to the time of the recording of the declaration of condominium, mailed or delivered to each of the tenants in the building or buildings to be converted.

(f) Filing with Department of Housing. Any declarant of a conversion condominium shall, in addition to the filing required by section 47-71 , file with the Department of Housing within one hundred twenty days of the giving of the notice required by subsection (b) of this section: (1) A copy of the declaration and the public offering statement submitted to each tenant and (2) a sworn statement that each tenant who is entitled to receive notice under subsection (b) of this section and has not exercised his option to buy has received the notice required by subsection (b) of this section and has received relocation assistance which has included information on the availability of alternate housing, financing programs and federal, state and municipal housing assistance and the availability of moving and relocation expenses under section 47-88d , or that reasonable efforts have been made to provide such relocation assistance to such tenant. If at the time of such filing all of the tenants have not received notice under subsection (b) of this section, the declarant shall file subsequent sworn statements with the department within one hundred twenty days of the date notice was given to a tenant. The department shall charge a fee of two dollars per unit converted for such filing. The Commissioner of Housing shall adopt regulations in accordance with chapter 54 within ninety days of May 7, 1980, to determine the type of information to be included in such relocation assistance.

(g) Eviction prohibited. No eviction proceedings shall be brought against any of the occupants resident in any building or group of buildings converted to condominium ownership pursuant to this section within the term of any existing lease or within the one-hundred-eighty-day period provided for under subsection (b) of this section, whichever is later, for failure to purchase or any other reasons applicable to termination of tenancy other than nonpayment of rent or similar justifiable reasons ordinary to landlord rights where a lease exists assuring quiet enjoyment.

(h) Notice of proposed rent increase. A declarant of a conversion condominium or a unit owner shall give at least sixty days notice of any proposed rent increase to any lessee whose eviction is prohibited under subsection (b) of section 47a-23c . Any such lessee may abandon his unit and terminate his tenancy without incurring any liability for an early termination of his rental agreement provided he gives thirty days notice to the declarant or unit owner.

(i) Proof of age, blindness or physical disability. After the conversion of a dwelling unit in a building to condominium ownership, the declarant or unit owner, for the purpose of determining if a lessee's eviction is prohibited under subsection (b) of section 47a-23c , may ask any lessee to provide proof of the age, blindness or physical disability of such lessee or any person residing with him, or of the familial relationship existing between such lessee and any person residing with him. The lessee shall provide such proof, including, in the case of alleged physical disability, a statement of a physician, a physician assistant or an advanced practice registered nurse or, in the case of alleged blindness, a statement of a physician, an advanced practice registered nurse or an optometrist, within thirty days.

(j) Tenants' organization's exclusive right to purchase. During the first thirty days of the one hundred eighty-day period under subsection (b) of this section, an organization, if any, representing tenants of a building or buildings being submitted to the provisions of this chapter shall have the exclusive right to contract for the purchase of such building or buildings.

Cited. 186 C. 329; 210 C. 6; 212 C. 147.

Cited. 12 CA 353.

Subsec. (b):

Month to move the tenancy included in notice requirement; actual knowledge of conversion does not cure defective notice procedure; delivery to apartment door does not comply with notice requirement. 37 CS 654.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47a-5 — Connecticut Code / Title 47a / Chapter 830 / Section 47a-5
Sec. 47a-5. (Formerly Sec. 47-24a). Penalty for allowing occupancy without certificate of occupancy.
Status: in_force

See Sec. 47a-57 re certificate of occupancy requirement with respect to apartments or dwelling units containing three or more housing units.

Annotation to former section 47-24a:

Statute does not authorize action by tenant for recovery of rent voluntarily paid during period of violation. 150 C. 702.

Annotations to present section:

Cited. 191 C. 484.

Cited. 10 CA 527; 32 CA 133.

Cited. 37 CS 688; 38 CS 683.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-245 — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 828 / Section 47-245
Sec. 47-245. Executive board members and officers. Duties. Period of declarant control: Delivery of property and documents by declarant; current financial statement. Prohibitions re elections of executive board members.
Status: in_force

(b) The executive board may not:

(1) Amend the declaration, except as provided in section 47-236 ;

(2) Terminate the common interest community;

(3) Elect members of the executive board, except that the executive board may fill vacancies in its membership for the unexpired portion of any term or, if earlier, until the next regularly scheduled election of executive board members; or

(4) Determine the qualifications, powers and duties, or terms of office of executive board members.

(c) The executive board shall adopt budgets as provided in section 47-261e .

(d) Subject to the provisions of subsection (e) of this section, the declaration may provide for a period of declarant control of the association, during which a declarant, or persons designated by the declarant, may appoint and remove the officers and members of the executive board. A declarant may voluntarily surrender the right to appoint and remove officers and members of the executive board before the period ends. In that event, the declarant may require, during the remainder of the period, that specified actions of the association or executive board, as described in a recorded instrument executed by the declarant, be approved by the declarant before they become effective. Regardless of the period provided in the declaration, a period of declarant control terminates no later than the earlier of: (1) Sixty days after conveyance of sixty per cent of the units that may be created to unit owners other than a declarant, except that in the case of a master planned community, control terminates no later than sixty days after conveyance to unit owners other than the declarant of sixty per cent of the maximum number of units that may be built, if that number is specified, or, if no such number is specified, after conveyance to unit owners other than the declarant of three hundred units; (2) two years after all declarants have ceased to offer units for sale in the ordinary course of business; (3) two years after any right to add new units was last exercised; or (4) the date the declarant, after giving notice in a record to unit owners, records an instrument voluntarily surrendering all rights to control activities of the association.

(e) Not later than sixty days after conveyance of one-third of the units that may be created to unit owners other than a declarant, at least one member and not less than one-third of the members of the executive board shall be elected by unit owners other than the declarant.

(f) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (e) of section 47-239 , not later than the termination of any period of declarant control, the unit owners shall elect an executive board of at least three members, at least a majority of whom shall be unit owners. Unless the declaration or bylaws provides for the election of officers by the unit owners, the executive board shall elect the officers. The executive board members and officers shall take office upon election.

(g) A declaration may provide for the appointment of specified positions on the executive board by either a governmental subdivision or agency or a nonstock corporation exempt from taxation under 26 USC 501(c)(3) and 26 USC 4940(d)(2), as from time to time amended, during or after the period of declarant control. A declaration may also provide a method for filling vacancies in those specified positions, other than by election by the unit owners, except that, after the period of declarant control, appointed members (1) may not comprise more than one-third of the board, and (2) have no greater authority than any other member of the board.

(h) Within thirty days after unit owners other than the declarant elect a majority of the members of the executive board, the declarant shall deliver to the association all property of the unit owners and of the association held by or controlled by the declarant, including without limitation the following items: (1) The original or a certified copy of the recorded declaration as amended; the association articles of incorporation, if the association is incorporated; bylaws; minute books and other books and records of the association; and any rules and regulations which may have been promulgated; (2) an accounting for association funds and financial statements, from the date the association received funds and ending on the date the period of declarant control ends. The financial statements shall be audited by an independent certified public accountant and shall be accompanied by the accountant's letter, expressing either (A) the opinion that the financial statements present fairly the financial position of the association in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles or (B) a disclaimer of the accountant's ability to attest to the fairness of the presentation of the financial information in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles, and the reasons therefor. The expense of the audit shall not be paid for or charged to the association; (3) association funds or control thereof; (4) all of declarant's tangible personal property that has been represented by the declarant to be the property of the association or, unless the declarant has disclosed in the public offering statement that all such personal property used in the common interest community will remain the declarant's property, all of the declarant's tangible personal property that is necessary for, and has been used exclusively in, the operation and enjoyment of the common elements, and inventories of these properties; (5) a copy of any plans and specifications used in the construction of the improvements in the common interest community which were completed within two years before the declaration was recorded; (6) all insurance policies then in force, in which the unit owners, the association or its directors and officers are named as insured persons; (7) copies of any certificates of occupancy that may have been issued with respect to any improvements comprising the common interest community; (8) any other permits issued by governmental bodies applicable to the common interest community and which are currently in force or which were issued within one year prior to the date on which unit owners other than the declarant took control of the association; (9) written warranties of the contractor, subcontractors, suppliers and manufacturers that are still effective; (10) a roster of unit owners and mortgagees and their addresses and telephone numbers, if known, as shown on the declarant's records; (11) employment contracts in which the association is a contracting party; and (12) any service contract in which the association is a contracting party or in which the association or the unit owners have any obligation to pay a fee to the persons performing the services.

(i) During the period of declarant control, the declarant shall, at least every six months, provide the unit owners with a current financial statement of the association. The statement shall be on a cash basis and need not be audited by an independent accountant. It shall include, without limitation, (1) all income and expenses for the calendar year to date; (2) all accounts payable and receivable, including the ages of those accounts and showing all sums due to and from the declarant and affiliates of the declarant; (3) the amount of any funded replacement reserves; and (4) the balance of any other funds of the association.

(j) No person shall provide or offer to any executive board member or a person seeking election as an executive board member, and no executive board member or person seeking election as an executive board member shall accept, any item of value based on any understanding that the vote, official action or judgment of such member or person seeking election would be or has been influenced thereby.

(k) No managing agent of an association or person providing association management services to such association shall campaign for any person seeking election as an executive board member.

Cited. 208 C. 318.

Cited. 38 CA 420.

Subsec. (c):

Trial court properly found that assessments based on a prior year's budget were proper when no subsequent budget was properly adopted. 62 CA 462. The majority of all unit owners are needed to reject budget proposal, not simply majority of all unit owners present at meeting. 108 CA 426.

Subsec. (d):

Subsec. permits a declaration to set a specific period of declarant control, which can be shortened only by the declarant voluntarily surrendering control or by the occurrence of any of the four terminating events outlined in Subdivs. (1) through (4). 192 CA 479.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-231 — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 828 / Section 47-231
Sec. 47-231. Relocation of unit boundaries.
Status: in_force

(b) Subject to the provisions of the declaration and other provisions of law, boundaries between units and common elements may be relocated to incorporate common elements within a unit by an amendment to the declaration upon application to the association by the owner of the unit who proposes to relocate a boundary. Unless the declaration provides otherwise, the amendment may be approved only if persons entitled to cast at least sixty-seven per cent of the votes in the association, including sixty-seven per cent of the votes allocated to units not owned by the declarant, agree to the action. The amendment may describe any fees or charges payable by the owner of the affected unit in connection with the boundary relocation and the fees and charges are assets of the association. The amendment must be executed by the unit owner of the unit whose boundary is being relocated and by the association, contain words of conveyance between them and on recordation be indexed in the name of the unit owner and the association as grantor or grantee, as appropriate.

(c) The association (1) in a condominium or planned community shall prepare and record surveys or plans necessary to show the altered boundaries of affected units, and their dimensions and identifying numbers, and (2) in a cooperative shall prepare and record amendments to the declaration, including any plans necessary to show or describe the altered boundaries of affected units, and their dimensions and identifying numbers.

Cited. 207 C. 441.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47a-38 — Connecticut Code / Title 47a / Chapter 832 / Section 47a-38
Sec. 47a-38. (Formerly Sec. 52-545). Hearing on application for stay of execution.
Status: in_force

Cited. 36 CS 623; 38 CS 70.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-74d — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 825 / Section 47-74d
Sec. 47-74d. Architect's or engineer's certificate required. Declarant's certificate. Escrow account.
Status: in_force

(b) With respect to units in buildings for which building permits have been issued after January 1, 1977, and with respect to common elements of the condominium within which such units are situated, without regard to any expansion of the condominium at the option of the declarant, if a declarant contracts to sell a unit that has not been completed or equipped or whose common elements have not been completed, equipped or landscaped substantially in accordance with the plans and specifications and representations made by the declarant in the disclosures required by this chapter, and if there is no payment and performance bond in the amount of the construction contract price that covers such completion, equipping or landscaping, the declarant shall establish an escrow with a bank or trust company having trust powers, an attorney who is a member of the bar in this state, or a title company authorized to do business in this state, with whom shall be deposited all payments received by the declarant from the buyer of such unit upon the sale price of the unit, until the amount deposited shall equal ten per cent of the sale price. The funds so escrowed may be deposited in separate accounts, or in common escrow or trust accounts, or commingled with other escrow or trust moneys handled by or received by the escrow agent. The conditions for the release of funds from the escrow shall conform to the following: (1) One-half of such funds shall be disbursed to the declarant at the closing of the sale of the unit, provided the certificates required under subsection (a) of this section have been delivered to the buyer of such unit or, if the unit is not completed or equipped at the closing of the sale of the unit, the buyer and the declarant may otherwise agree as to the disbursement of such funds and the time within which such certificates shall be so delivered. If prior to such disbursement the escrow agent has received from the purchaser written notice of a rescission pursuant to section 47-74f , all funds so deposited by or to the account of such purchaser shall be returned to the purchaser free of all costs of escrow. (2) One-half of such funds shall be held by the escrow agent as security for the completion of the common elements and shall be released upon delivery by the declarant to the escrow agent of a written certificate from one or more architects or engineers certifying to the best of their knowledge, information and belief that the common elements, or the portions thereof described in each certificate for which building permits were issued after January 1, 1977, have been completed substantially in accordance with the plans and specifications referred to in each such certificate and a certificate of the declarant that the common elements have been completed in accordance with the representations made by the declarant in the disclosures required by this chapter, and in accordance with the plans and specifications used in the completion of the common elements and the declarant shall also deliver to the escrow agent, and the escrow agent may rely on, a certificate of the declarant that the one or more architect's or engineer's certificates delivered to the escrow agent cover all of the common elements described in such plans and specifications for which such certificates are required. Any liability of the escrow agent shall terminate upon delivery of such architect's or engineer's and declarant's certificates to such agent and such agent's payment of the escrow funds to the declarant. If the common elements have not been completed within five years after issuance of the first certificate of occupancy on any building in the condominium for which the building permit was issued after January 1, 1977, the balance of the escrow funds shall be refunded to the unit owners' association. (3) If the escrow funds earn interest, the interest shall be paid to the declarant if and when he is entitled to receive the principal or paid to the purchaser if he properly voids the contract and is entitled to return of the principal or to the unit owners' association if and when entitled thereto. The reasonable expenses incurred by the escrow agent in discharging his duties shall be an expense of the escrow. (4) Escrow funds shall not be subject to attachment by the creditors of either the declarant or the purchaser.

(c) If a declarant who is required by this section to establish the escrow required by this section fails to do so, or if such declarant, or any person acting on behalf of the declarant, procures the wrongful release of any escrow funds to the declarant or to a third party, with intent to defraud the purchaser, the person responsible shall be deemed guilty of embezzlement and upon conviction shall be punished in the manner provided by law.

(d) No architect or engineer who has a legal or equitable ownership interest in a condominium may issue a certificate in accordance with this section with respect to such condominium.

Cited. 192 C. 150.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-247 — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 828 / Section 47-247
Sec. 47-247. Termination of contracts and leases.
Status: in_force

(b) This section does not apply to: (1) Any lease the termination of which would terminate the common interest community or reduce its size, unless the real property subject to that lease was included in the common interest community for the purpose of avoiding the right of the association to terminate a lease under this section, or (2) a proprietary lease.

Section did not apply to circumstances of case and court did not improperly conclude that lease was not unconscionable or commercially unreasonable. 110 CA 88.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-219a — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 828 / Section 47-219a
Sec. 47-219a. Arrangements re real property costs. Separate common interest community not created thereby.
Status: in_force

(b) An arrangement between an association and the owner of real property that is not part of a common interest community to share the costs of real property taxes, insurance premiums, services, maintenance or improvements of real property or other activities specified in their arrangement does not create a separate common interest community, except that assessments against the units in the common interest community required by the arrangement must be included in the periodic budget for the common interest community, and the arrangement must be disclosed in all public offering statements and resale certificates required by this chapter.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-263 — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 828 / Section 47-263
Sec. 47-263. Public offering statement requirements. Liability.
Status: in_force

(b) A declarant may transfer responsibility for preparation of all or a part of the public offering statement to a successor declarant. In the event of any such transfer, the transferor shall provide the transferee with any information necessary to enable the transferee to fulfill the requirements of subsection (a) of this section.

(c) A declarant or successor declarant or a dealer who offers a unit to a purchaser shall deliver a public offering statement in the manner prescribed in subsection (a) of section 47-269 . The declarant or successor declarant who prepared all or a part of the public offering statement is liable to all persons claiming an interest in the common interest community under section 47-269 for failure to deliver the public offering statement and under section 47-278 for any false or misleading statement set forth therein or for any omission of a material fact therefrom.

(d) If a unit is part of a common interest community and is part of any other real property regime in connection with the sale of which the delivery of a public offering statement is required under the general statutes, a single public offering statement conforming to the requirements of sections 47-264 to 47-267 , inclusive, as those requirements relate to each regime in which the unit is located, and to any other requirements imposed under the general statutes, may be prepared and delivered in lieu of providing two or more public offering statements.

Cited. 207 C. 441.

Cited. 38 CA 420.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47a-58 — Connecticut Code / Title 47a / Chapter 833a / Section 47a-58
Sec. 47a-58. (Formerly Sec. 19-347s). Notice of violation. Penalty. Injunctive relief. Municipal lien for unpaid penalty.
Status: in_force

(b) When the owner or other responsible person has corrected such violation, the owner or other responsible person shall promptly, but not later than two weeks after such correction, report to the enforcing agency in writing, indicating the date when each violation was corrected. It shall be presumed that the violation was corrected on the date so indicated, unless a subsequent inspection by the enforcing agency again reveals the existence of the condition giving rise to the earlier notice of violation.

(c) Any person who fails to correct any violation prior to the date set forth in the notice of violation shall be subject to a cumulative civil penalty of five dollars per day for each violation from the date set for correction in the notice of violation to the date such violation is corrected, except that in any case, the penalty shall not exceed one hundred dollars per day and the total penalty shall not exceed seven thousand five hundred dollars. The penalty may be collected by the enforcing agency by action against the owner or other responsible person or by an action against the real property. An action against the owner may be joined with an action against the real property.

(d) In addition to the penalties specified in this section, the enforcing agency may enforce the provisions of this chapter or a local housing code by injunctive relief pursuant to chapter 916.

(e) (1) Any penalty imposed by an enforcing agency pursuant to the provisions of subsection (c) of this section, and remaining unpaid for a period of sixty days after its due date, shall constitute a lien upon the real property against which the penalty was imposed, provided a notice of violation is recorded in the land records and indexed in the name of the property owner not later than thirty days after the penalty was imposed.

(2) Each such notice of violation shall be effective from the time of the recording on the land records. Each lien shall take precedence over all transfers and encumbrances recorded after such time.

(3) Any municipal lien pursuant to the provisions of this section may be foreclosed in the same manner as a mortgage.

(4) Any municipal lien pursuant to this section may be discharged or dissolved in the manner provided in sections 49-35a to 49-37 , inclusive.

(f) Any enforcing agency imposing a penalty pursuant to subsection (c) of this section shall maintain a current record of all properties with respect to which such penalty remains unpaid in the office of such agency. Such record shall be available for inspection by the public.

(g) Each enforcing agency empowered to enforce any provision of this chapter or any provision of a local housing code shall create and make available housing code violation complaint forms, written in both English and Spanish, for use by any occupant of a dwelling unit seeking to file a complaint against the owner of such unit, or other responsible party, concerning such violations.

See Sec. 7-148gg re notice to lienholder.

Cited. 235 C. 360.

Cited. 13 CA 1.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-90a — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 825 / Section 47-90a
Sec. 47-90a. Misrepresentations in public offering statements; remedies.
Status: in_force

(b) In addition to any other remedies, the purchaser from a declarant, under subsection (a) of this section, may recover the consideration paid for the unit together with interest at the rate of eight per cent per year from the date of payment, property taxes and common expenses paid, court costs, and reasonable attorney's fees, less an amount equal to the fair market rental for the condominium unit over the period occupied upon tender of the appropriate instruments of reconveyance which instruments reconvey title free and clear of all mortgages and liens, provided the total amount paid or credited to the purchaser shall not be less than the consideration paid for the unit. The fair market rent shall not exceed two-thirds of one per cent per month of the consideration paid for the unit. The purchaser shall pay the amounts of the unpaid principal balance of any mortgages or liens, together with any accrued interest thereon, or such lesser amounts as the purchaser and the holders of such mortgages and liens may agree upon, provided no prepayment charge shall be due the holders of such mortgages and liens and no restriction on prepayment shall be enforced by such holders.

(c) Every person who directly or indirectly controls a declarant liable under subsection (a) of this section, every general partner, officer or director of a declarant and every person occupying a similar status or performing a similar function, every employee of the declarant who materially aids in the disposition, and every agent who materially aids in the disposition is also liable jointly and severally with and to the same extent as the declarant, provided the plaintiff sustains the burden of proof that such person knew or, in the exercise of reasonable care expected by such persons in the reasonable exercise of their duties, should have known of the existence of the facts by reason of which the liability is alleged to exist. There is a right to contribution in cases of contract among persons so liable. No person shall be liable under this section whose relationship to the declarant or other person consists solely of rendering professional and other customary services, including, but not limited to: (1) An attorney-at-law, architect, land surveyor or engineer; (2) a lending institution which is not a declarant whose relationship to the declarant consists solely of rendering customary banking services and holding a mortgage on all or a portion of the condominium which mortgage, or agreements or instruments relating thereto, may contain mutual covenants and agreements concerning the approval of the condominium instruments and amendments thereto, and regulates the activity of the declarant under the condominium instruments or an officer, director or employee of such lending institution; (3) a real estate broker or salesman whose relationship to the declarant consists solely of engaging in the real estate business, as defined in section 20-311 , and other customary services; or (4) a person whose sole involvement in the disposition of a condominium unit occurs subsequent to the date of the act or omission out of which any liability under subsection (a) of this section arises.

(d) A tender of reconveyance may be made at any time before the entry of judgment.

(e) A person may not recover under this section in actions commenced more than one year after his first payment of money to the declarant in the contested transaction. Action shall be commenced along with a notice recorded in the land records.

(f) Any stipulation or provision purporting to bind any person acquiring a condominium unit to waive compliance with this chapter is void.

Cited. 210 C. 6.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-74b — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 825 / Section 47-74b
Sec. 47-74b. Limitation on grants, reservations and contracts made by declarant or declarant-controlled association.
Status: in_force

(b) The declarant shall not establish any corporation or other instrumentality, or require the execution of any writing, having as its purpose or effect the continuation of control by the declarant, or the continuance of any grant, reservation or contract, after action by the unit owners other than the declarant to assume control and to terminate any such grant, reservation or contract, except for covenants, liens and easements permitted by subsection (d) of section 47-70 and the establishment of any such corporation or instrumentality, or the execution or enforcement of any such document, shall be a violation of this chapter.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47a-14f — Connecticut Code / Title 47a / Chapter 830 / Section 47a-14f
Sec. 47a-14f. (Formerly Sec. 19-347p). Tenement receivership: Order to remove or remedy conditions in lieu of judgment; application for hearing for judgment.
Status: in_force

(b) If, after the issuance of such an order, it appears to the plaintiffs that the person permitted to do the work is not proceeding with due diligence, the plaintiffs shall apply to the court with notice to those persons who have appeared in the proceeding for a hearing to determine whether judgment should be rendered immediately as provided in section 47a-14g .

Cited. 32 CA 133.

Cited. 38 CS 683.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-88 — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 825 / Section 47-88
Sec. 47-88. Removal of property from application of chapter. Resubmission of property.
Status: in_force

(b) Upon removal of the property from the provisions of this chapter, the unit owners shall own the property as tenants in common with undivided interests equal to the percentage of undivided interests in the common elements owned by each such owner immediately prior to the recordation of the instrument referred to in subsection (a) of this section. As long as such tenancy in common continues, each unit owner shall have an exclusive right of occupancy of that portion of such property which formerly constituted his or her unit.

(c) Upon removal of the property from the provisions of this chapter, any rights the unit owners may have to the assets of the unit owners' association shall be in proportion to their respective undivided interests in the common elements immediately prior to the recordation of the instrument referred to in subsection (a) of this section.

(d) The removal provided for in this section shall not bar the subsequent resubmission of the property to the provisions of this chapter, by an instrument signed by the same percentage of unit owners and mortgagees as specified in subsection (a) of this section for removal.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-260 — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 828 / Section 47-260
Sec. 47-260. Association records. Copies. Fees.
Status: in_force

(1) Detailed records of receipts and expenditures affecting the operation and administration of the association and other appropriate accounting records, including, but not limited to, records relating to reserve accounts, if any;

(2) Minutes of all meetings of its unit owners and executive board other than executive sessions, a record of all actions taken by the unit owners or executive board without a meeting, and a record of all actions taken by a committee in place of the executive board on behalf of the association;

(3) The names of unit owners in a form that permits preparation of a list of the names of all unit owners and the addresses at which the association communicates with the unit owners, in alphabetical order showing the number of votes each unit owner is entitled to cast;

(4) The association's original or restated organizational documents, if required by law other than this chapter, bylaws and all amendments to the bylaws, and all rules currently in effect;

(5) All financial statements and tax returns of the association for the past three years;

(6) A list of the names and addresses of the association's current executive board members and officers;

(7) The association's most recent annual report delivered to the Secretary of the State, if any;

(8) Financial and other records sufficiently detailed to enable the association to comply with section 47-270 ;

(9) Copies of current contracts to which the association is a party;

(10) Records of executive board or committee actions to approve or deny any requests for design or architectural approval from unit owners; and

(11) Ballots, proxies and other records related to voting by unit owners for one year after the election, action or vote to which they relate.

(b) Notwithstanding any provision of the declaration or bylaws to the contrary, and subject to subsections (c) and (d) of this section, all records retained by an association shall be available for examination in person or electronically and for copying by a unit owner or the owner's authorized agent:

(1) During reasonable business hours or at a mutually convenient time and location; and

(2) Upon thirty days' notice in a record reasonably identifying the specific records of the association requested, provided the association shall, not later than five business days following the date of receiving such notice, provide the requesting unit owner or owner's authorized agent with two dates on which the records may be examined, copied, or both.

(c) Records retained by an association shall be withheld from inspection and copying to the extent that they concern:

(1) Personnel, salary and medical records relating to specific individuals, unless waived by the persons to whom such records relate;

(2) Any unredacted paper or electronic ballot, any unredacted proxy form and any other unredacted record that identifies a vote cast by a unit owner; or

(3) Information the disclosure of which would violate any law other than this chapter.

(d) Records retained by an association may be withheld from inspection and copying to the extent that they concern:

(1) Contracts, leases and other commercial transactions to purchase or provide goods or services, currently being negotiated;

(2) Existing or potential litigation or mediation, arbitration or administrative proceedings;

(3) Existing or potential matters involving federal, state or local administrative or other formal proceedings before a governmental tribunal for enforcement of the declaration, bylaws or rules;

(4) Communications with the association's attorney which are otherwise protected by the attorney-client privilege or the attorney work-product doctrine;

(5) Records of an executive session of the executive board; or

(6) Individual unit files other than those of the requesting owner.

(e) An association may charge a reasonable fee for providing copies of any records under this section and for supervising the unit owner's inspection.

(f) A right to copy records under this section includes the right to receive copies by photocopying or other means, including copies through an electronic transmission if available upon request by the unit owner.

(g) An association is not obligated to compile or synthesize information.

(h) Information provided pursuant to this section may not be used for commercial purposes.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47a-26d — Connecticut Code / Title 47a / Chapter 832 / Section 47a-26d
Sec. 47a-26d. Trial. Finding. Judgment.
Status: in_force

Cited. 6 CA 373. Plaintiff was entitled to possession of premises because defendant could not show evidence of title in itself at the time notice to quit was served; defendant had no right to possession of premises after a 5-year leasehold had expired. 74 CA 760.

Cited. 38 CS 70; Id., 341; Id., 730.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47a-54c — Connecticut Code / Title 47a / Chapter 833a / Section 47a-54c
Sec. 47a-54c. Toilets and bathrooms.
Status: in_force

(b) Each bathroom or water closet compartment in a tenement, lodging or boarding house shall be ventilated by a freely opening window of at least three square feet in area, opening to the outer air or upon a vent shaft having such openings at the bottom and top as meet the approval of the board of health, or by a separate ventilating flue of noncorroding material and at least thirty-six square inches in area, leading directly to the roof.

(c) Each such bathroom or water closet compartment, not otherwise sufficiently lighted, shall be provided with light from an adjoining room or rooms by means of translucent glass, of adequate size, in a fixed sash.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-249 — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 828 / Section 47-249
Sec. 47-249. Upkeep of common interest community. Liability for expenses.
Status: in_force

(b) In addition to the liability that a declarant as a unit owner has under this chapter, the declarant alone is liable for all expenses in connection with real property subject to development rights. No other unit owner and no other portion of the common interest community is subject to a claim for payment of those expenses. Unless the declaration provides otherwise, any income or proceeds from real property subject to development rights inures to the declarant.

(c) In a planned community, if all development rights have expired with respect to any real property, the declarant remains liable for all expenses of that real property unless, on expiration, the declaration provides that the real property becomes common elements or units.

Cited. 207 C. 441; 208 C. 318.

Cited. 38 CA 420.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47a-26g — Connecticut Code / Title 47a / Chapter 832 / Section 47a-26g
Sec. 47a-26g. Appeal.
Status: in_force

See Sec. 47a-35 re time period to appeal.

Cited. 38 CS 70.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-121 — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 827 / Section 47-121
Sec. 47-121. (Formerly Sec. 52-563a). Implied warranty with certificate of occupancy.
Status: in_force

Annotations to former section 52-563a:

Builder-vendor is not liable under section to subsequent purchasers of home built and sold by him for defective workmanship in such home. 173 C. 567. Cited. 176 C. 432; 190 C. 299.

Cited. 1 CA 652.

Cited. 31 CS 316. Section is to be read and construed with Ch. 827 since that chapter and this section were all part of P.A. 75-637. 35 CS 177.

Annotations to present section:

Cited. 196 C. 509; 232 C. 527.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-36bbb — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 821c / Section 47-36bbb
Sec. 47-36bbb. Unfair real estate listing agreements prohibited and unenforceable. Penalty.
Status: in_force

(b) No unfair real estate listing agreement shall be enforceable.

(c) A violation of subsection (a) of this section shall be deemed an unfair or deceptive trade practice under subsection (a) of section 42-110b .
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-90c — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 825 / Section 47-90c
Sec. 47-90c. Effective date and applicability of chapter.
Status: in_force

(b) Subdivisions (1) to (10), inclusive, and (13) of section 47-71b , section 47-74d , sections 47-74e , 47-74f , 47-75a , 47-88 , 47-88b , 47-90a and 47-90b , shall apply to all unsold condominium units in condominiums declared prior to January 1, 1977, provided more than twenty-five per cent of such units in such condominiums were unsold as of said date.

(c) Sections 47-71b , 47-74b , 47-74c , 47-74d , section 47-74e , 47-74f , 47-75a , 47-88b and 47-90a shall not apply to nonresidential condominiums.

(d) Nothing in chapter 825 as amended by public act 77-453 shall be deemed to affect the validity of any condominium instruments or any instruments executed by any person pursuant thereto with respect to properties submitted prior to January 1, 1977, to the terms and conditions of chapter 825 nor shall said chapter 825, or public act 77-453 affect any of the rights and obligations of any person under chapter 825 of the general statutes, revision of 1958, revised to January 1, 1975, and such rights shall be available to and such obligations shall be enforceable against any such person at any time either prior to or after January 1, 1977, with respect to property submitted prior to said date to the terms and conditions of chapter 825 of the general statutes, revision of 1958 as revised to January 1, 1975, except as provided in subsections (b) and (c) of this section.

(e) Subsection (c) of section 47-71 shall apply to all condominiums regardless of the date such condominium was declared.

Cited. 210 C. 6; 228 C. 476.

Cited. 12 CA 353; 41 CA 249.

Cited. 35 CS 199; 36 CS 126; Id., 160.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-272 — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 828 / Section 47-272
Sec. 47-272. Release of liens.
Status: in_force

(b) Before conveying real property to the association, the declarant shall have that real property released from: (1) All liens the foreclosure of which would deprive unit owners of any right of access to or easement of support of their units, and (2) all other liens on that real property unless the public offering statement describes certain real property that may be conveyed subject to liens in specified amounts.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-7 — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 821 / Section 47-7
Sec. 47-7. Conveyances and releases executed outside this state. Exception.
Status: in_force

(b) No county clerk's certificate or other authenticating certificate is required for such conveyance, mortgage, release, lien or power of attorney to be valid, provided the officer taking the acknowledgment indicated thereon the date, if any, on which his current commission expires.

(c) The provisions of this section shall not apply to any conveyance of real estate situated in this state, or any mortgage or release of mortgage or lien upon any real estate situated in this state, executed by a remotely located individual, as defined in section 3-95b , in the conduct of a real estate closing, as defined in section 51-88a .

Deed of land in Connecticut executed in another state before a Connecticut commissioner must be executed and acknowledged according to Connecticut law. 26 C. 381. Cited. 81 C. 541. Deed of Connecticut property properly executed and acknowledged under laws of a foreign state, valid in this state even though not in conformity with Connecticut law; effect of statute limited to curing defects in the form or manner of execution or acknowledgment; this section supplements Sec. 47-5, it does not deal with the nature or extent of the estate which the deed purports to convey. 144 C. 629.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-14h — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 821 / Section 47-14h
Sec. 47-14h. Provisions applicable to joint tenancies with survivorship.
Status: in_force

Cited. 204 C. 502; 224 C. 219.

Cited. 29 CS 465.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-42f — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 822 / Section 47-42f
Sec. 47-42f. Maintenance of private easement or right-of-way. Costs. Action for specific performance or contribution.
Status: in_force

(b) The owner of any residential real property that benefits from an easement or right-of-way, the purpose of which is to provide access to such residential real property, shall be responsible for the cost of maintaining such easement or right-of-way in good repair and the cost of repairing or restoring any damaged portion of such easement or right-of-way. Such maintenance shall include, but not be limited to, the removal of snow from such easement or right-of-way.

(c) If more than one residential real property benefits from such easement or right-of-way, the cost of maintaining and repairing or restoring such easement or right-of-way shall be shared by each owner of a benefited property, pursuant to the terms of any enforceable written agreement entered into for such purpose. In the absence of such agreement, the cost of maintaining and repairing or restoring such easement or right-of-way shall be shared by each owner of a benefited property in proportion to the benefit received by each such property.

(d) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsections (b) and (c) of this section, any owner of a benefited property who directly or indirectly damages any portion of the easement or right-of-way shall be solely responsible for repairing or restoring the portion damaged by such owner.

(e) If any owner of a benefited property refuses to repair or restore a damaged portion of an easement or right-of-way in accordance with subsection (d) of this section, or fails, after a demand in writing, to pay such owner's proportion of the cost of maintaining or repairing or restoring such easement or right-of-way in accordance with subsection (c) of this section, an action for specific performance or contribution may be brought in the Superior Court against such owner by other owners of benefited properties, either jointly or severally.

(f) In the event of any conflict between the provisions of this section and an agreement described in subsection (c) of this section, the terms of the agreement shall control.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-88c — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 825 / Section 47-88c
Sec. 47-88c. Separate heating plants required, when.
Status: in_force

(b) Each unit of any conversion condominium for which the declaration is filed on or after November 16, 1979, and within sixty days after May 7, 1980, shall have, at the time of the conveyance of title from the declarant to the purchaser, a separate heating plant which shall be a part of the unit.

Cited. 210 C. 6.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-59a — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 824 / Section 47-59a
Sec. 47-59a. Connecticut Indians; citizenship, civil rights, land rights.
Status: in_force

(b) The state of Connecticut further recognizes that the indigenous tribes, the Schaghticoke, the Paucatuck Eastern Pequot, the Mashantucket Pequot, the Mohegan and the Golden Hill Paugussett are self-governing entities possessing powers and duties over tribal members and reservations. Such powers and duties include the power to: (1) Determine tribal membership and residency on reservation land; (2) determine the tribal form of government; (3) regulate trade and commerce on the reservation; (4) make contracts; and (5) determine tribal leadership in accordance with tribal practice and usage.

Cited. 176 C. 318; 180 C. 474; 217 C. 612; 231 C. 563; 243 C. 115. Although section recognizes the right of tribes to select their own leaders, it does not provide that leadership disputes may be settled through means that violate state criminal statutes. 263 C. 602.

Cited. 18 CA 4; 22 CA 229; judgment reversed, see 217 C. 612. “Rights and privileges” include access to state's courts, and tribe's initiation of summary process action in state court constitutes consent to the court's jurisdiction. 138 CA 204.

Subsec. (a):

“Rights and privileges” must include access to the state's courts; court properly exercised subject matter jurisdiction to adjudicate summary process action involving eviction from reservation land where plaintiffs, by initiating action, consented to court's jurisdiction and the court's exercise of jurisdiction did not interfere with the Schaghticoke Indians' right to self-governance or infringe on any tribal laws or adjudicative authority of the Schaghticoke Indians. 138 CA 204.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-109 — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 826 / Section 47-109
Sec. 47-109. Actions, limitation of time, prerequisite.
Status: in_force

(b) No purchaser of a real estate syndicate security may commence an action under this chapter, if, before suit is commenced, such buyer shall have received a written offer (1) stating the respect in which liability under section 47-98 or 47-106 may have arisen; (2) offering to repurchase the real estate syndicate security for a cash price payable upon delivery of the real estate syndicate security equal to the consideration paid, with interest at the legal rate from the date of payment, less the amount of any income received on the real estate syndicate security, or, if the purchaser no longer owns the real estate syndicate security, offering to pay the purchaser upon the acceptance of the offer an amount in cash equal to the damages computed in accordance with section 47-110 provided such offer may be accepted by the purchaser at any time within a specified period of not less than thirty days after the date of receipt thereof; and (3) setting forth the provisions of this subdivision, and such purchaser shall have failed to accept such offer in writing within the specified period after receipt thereof.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-65c — Connecticut Code / Title 47 / Chapter 824 / Section 47-65c
Sec. 47-65c. Memoranda of agreement establishing authority of Indian tribal police departments and officers.
Status: in_force

(b) Notwithstanding the requirements of section 3-6c , the Commissioner of Emergency Services and Public Protection and the Chief State's Attorney shall jointly have the authority to revoke any memorandum of agreement with the Mashantucket Pequot Tribe or the Mohegan Tribe of Indians of Connecticut entered into pursuant to subsection (a) of this section.

(c) Upon entering into any memorandum of agreement pursuant to subsection (a) of this section, the Commissioner of Emergency Services and Public Protection shall submit a copy of such agreement to the speaker of the House of Representatives, the president pro tempore of the Senate, the majority leader of the House of Representatives, the majority leader of the Senate, the minority leader of the House of Representatives and the minority leader of the Senate and to the joint standing committees of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to public safety and government administration.