Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-43 — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 277 / Section 16-43
Sec. 16-43. Merger or sale of public service companies. Issuance and approval of securities. Net proceeds from sale of water company land. Allocation of economic benefits of sale of water company land.
Status: reserved

(b) A public service company shall obtain the approval of the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority to (1) issue any notes, bonds or other evidences of indebtedness or securities of any nature, (2) lend or borrow any moneys for a period of more than one year for any purpose other than paying the expenses, including taxes, of conducting its business or for the payment of dividends, or (3) amend any provision of an indenture or similar financial instrument if such amendment would affect the issuance or terms of any such notes, bonds or other evidences of indebtedness or securities. The authority shall approve or disapprove each such issue or amendment within sixty days after the filing of a written application for such approval unless the applicant agrees to an extension of time. If not disapproved within said sixty days or within such extension, such issue shall be deemed to be approved. The authority shall not require a company to issue its common stock under terms or conditions not required by the general statutes. The provisions of this subsection shall apply to a community antenna television company only with regard to any noncable communications services which the company may provide.

(c) Any managerial service contract made by a public service company shall be voidable on order of the authority, but may be enforced as between the parties unless disapproved.

(d) Any water company selling land that at any time has been in the water company's rate base shall use the net proceeds from the sale of such land for capital projects which improve or protect the water supply system or for the acquisition of a water supply source or land to protect a water supply source. In the case of a water company required to file a water supply plan pursuant to section 25-32d , the capital projects or acquisition shall be consistent with such plan.

(e) For the purposes of rate making, the authority shall use an accounting method for allocating the economic benefits of sales of land by a water company, as defined in section 16-1 , that at any time has been in the water company's rate base that equitably allocates all of the economic benefits of any such sale between the ratepayers and the shareholders of the company based on the facts of each application for sale, except as follows:

(1) For any sale of land where the property is not more than ten acres and has not been taxed under the provisions of sections 12-107c to 12-107e , inclusive, during the previous ten years, the authority shall equitably allocate all of the economic benefits of any such sale between the ratepayers and the shareholders of the company. Any such allocation shall be based on the facts of each application for sale and the authority may allocate all of the economic benefits of any such sale to either the ratepayers or the shareholders.

(2) For a sale of class I or class II land to another water company for water supply purposes or to the state, a municipality, or a land conservation organization, which land has a permanent conservation easement in accordance with section 25-32 , the authority shall equitably allocate, in a contested case proceeding, all of the economic benefits of any such sale between the ratepayers and the shareholders of the company.

(3) For the sale of land for an educational use, as defined in section 16-43b , the authority shall allocate the economic benefits of any such sale in accordance with past practices for nonopen space transactions pursuant to subsection (a) of this section.

(4) For the sale of class III land where the property is more than ten acres and promotes a perpetual public interest in the use of land for open space or recreation purposes, as defined in section 16-43b , the authority shall allocate the benefits in accordance with the following:

(A) If twenty-five per cent of the land or less is to be used for open space or recreational purposes, the authority shall allocate one hundred per cent of the benefits to the ratepayers;

(B) If more than twenty-five per cent but less than eighty per cent of the land is to be used for open space or recreational purposes, the authority shall calculate the benefit allocated to a water company's shareholders by multiplying by a factor of eighty per cent of the portion of class III land in the transaction that is reserved for open space;

(C) If eighty per cent or more but less than ninety per cent of the area of such land is to be used for open space or recreational purposes, the authority shall allocate the benefits of such sale in favor of a water company's shareholders in an amount that is proportionate to the percentage of class III land in such sale that is to be used for open space or recreational purposes;

(D) If not less than ninety per cent of the area of such land is to be used for open space or recreational purposes, the authority shall allocate one hundred per cent of the benefits to the shareholders.

(f) For the sale of class III land by a water company that at any time has been in the water company's rate base and that is to be used for open space or recreational purposes, the water company shall file with the authority a certified copy of a conservation easement that is recorded on the land records for the portion of class III land preserved as open space. Such conservation easement shall state that the land subject to such easement shall be permanently dedicated for land uses such as public parks or forests or natural areas, including, but not limited to, reservoirs and water company land. Such land shall be preserved predominantly in its natural scenic and open space condition that may allow for camping, hiking, forestry, fishing, wildlife or natural resource conservation, which easement shall prohibit all other building or development except as may be required for source protection and to meet water quality standards, if used as a public water supply.

Commission is prohibited from requiring par value stock of any corporation to be issued at a price in excess of par. 144 C. 516. Cited. 172 C. 362; 192 C. 506.

Cited. 42 CS 217.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-19ff — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 277 / Section 16-19ff
Sec. 16-19ff. Submetering. Regulations. Application process.
Status: in_force

(b) The Public Utilities Regulatory Authority shall adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, to carry out the purposes of this section. Such regulations shall: (1) Require a submetered customer to pay only his portion of the energy consumed, which cost shall not exceed the amount paid by the owner of the main meter for such energy; (2) establish standards for the safe and proper installation of submeters; (3) require that the ultimate services delivered to a submetered customer are consistent with any service requirements imposed upon the company; (4) establish standards that protect a submetered customer against termination of service or other related issues; and (5) establish standards for the locations of submeters. The authority may adopt any other provisions it deems necessary to carry out the purposes of this section and section 16-19ee .

(c) The authority shall develop an application and approval process that allows for the reasonable implementation of submetering provisions at allowed facilities, as described in subsection (a) of this section, while protecting consumers against termination of residential utility service or other related issues.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-247t — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-247t
Sec. 16-247t. Customer inquiries and complaints regarding cellular mobile telephone service.
Status: in_force

(b) The Public Utilities Regulatory Authority shall receive customer inquiries and complaints regarding cellular mobile telephone service in the state. For purposes of this section, complaints do not include customer complaints not previously referred to such customer's carrier. Not later than January 1, 2006, the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority shall provide a toll-free telephone number and Internet web site at which members of the public may submit to the authority their information inquiries and complaints regarding activations, disputed bills, collections, deactivations, equipment problems, network trouble and other service problems. The authority shall also accept such inquiries and complaints by mail.

(c) Not later than January 1, 2006, each carrier shall notify each of its customers concerning such toll-free telephone number, Internet web site address and the address of the authority for submitting such inquiries and complaints. Beginning not later than January 1, 2006, and ending on January 1, 2008, each such carrier shall disclose to all new customers at the point of sale or contract the toll-free telephone number, Internet web site address and the address of the authority for submitting such inquiries and complaints.

(d) Not later than March 1, 2007, and March 1, 2008, the authority shall prepare a report for the preceding calendar year containing information on carrier customer inquiries and complaints. Such report shall include information on consumer complaints regarding activations, disputed bills, collections, deactivations, equipment problems, network trouble and other service problems of carriers as may be relevant for the purposes of the report, provided the report may not include any information that may be a violation of section 42-110b . The information may include an analysis of such complaints and recommendations to address problems raised by customers. The authority shall make the report available to the Attorney General and the public, on request and on the authority's Internet web site.

(e) The authority shall, within available appropriations, carry out its responsibilities under this section.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-262u — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-262u
Sec. 16-262u. Replacement and repair of water service connections. Granting of exceptions.
Status: in_force

(b) In the case of a water company having annual revenues of twenty thousand dollars or more, all replacements and repairs of service connections shall be by the company at its own expense.

(c) The service pipe shall extend through that point on the customer's property line or the street line easiest of access to the water company from its existing distribution system and, where practicable, from a point at right angles to the existing water main in front of the premises to be served. Service pipes shall not cross intervening properties or operate in place of a proper water main extension running in the street and fronting the property except as noted in subsections (d) and (f) of this section. The water company shall have the discretion to approve or disapprove of the proposed location of the service pipe.

(d) The property owner, upon written request to the water company, may be granted an exception to allow a service pipe to cross intervening properties provided proper easements are in place, the construction complies with the company's rules and regulations and there is adequate water pressure to serve the property. The property owner may request such exception only under very exceptional hardship circumstances and then only on a case-by-case basis. Documentation shall be furnished to demonstrate that the proposed service pipe will ultimately serve no more than one premises, otherwise a water main extension shall be installed. The following shall not constitute sufficient cause for granting an exception: (1) When the intent is to avoid the time and expense of a proper main extension, and proper service pipe installation, or other reasonable engineering solution in conformance with good engineering standards of practice, (2) when the intent is to perpetuate an existing nonconforming condition through an extension or replacement of an existing nonconforming service pipe, or (3) when an easement is proposed without sufficient evidence to show that alternative ownership of a suitable strip of land to establish frontage on a road is not feasible.

(e) Upon approval of an application pursuant to subsection (d) of this section, the water company shall provide notice to the authority of the location of the property.

(f) If a property owner cannot demonstrate in his or her application to the water company that such property owner meets the conditions established in subsection (d) of this section or disputes the decision of the water company regarding such application, such property owner or such water company on behalf of such property owner may file a request with the authority for an exception.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16a-9 — Connecticut Code / Title 16a / Chapter 295 / Section 16a-9
Sec. 16a-9. Energy emergency plan. Amendments.
Status: in_force

(b) The commissioner shall prepare or cause to be prepared such amendments to the energy emergency plan as he may deem necessary. Such amendments shall be submitted to the General Assembly no later than fifteen days after the convening of any regular session of the General Assembly following the preparation of such amendments and shall be referred by the speaker of the House of Representatives and the president pro tempore of the Senate to the joint standing committee having cognizance of matters relating to energy. Said committee shall review such amendments and report its recommendations within fifteen days to the General Assembly. The General Assembly may by joint resolution disapprove or reject any section or sections of such amendments within forty-five days after the submittal of such amendments.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-245gg — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-245gg
Sec. 16-245gg. Master purchase agreement for solar home renewable energy credits.
Status: in_force

(b) Solar home renewable energy credits shall be owned by the Connecticut Green Bank, until transferred to an electric distribution company pursuant to a master purchase agreement in accordance with subsection (a) of this section. A solar home renewable energy credit shall have an effective life covering the year of its production and the following calendar year. The obligation of the electric distribution companies to purchase solar home renewable energy credits pursuant to the master purchase agreement shall be apportioned as follows: (1) In the service area of an electric distribution company that has a service area of not more than seventeen cities and towns, twenty per cent of the annual aggregate credits; and (2) in the service area of an electric distribution company that has a service area of eighteen or more cities and towns, eighty per cent of the annual aggregate credits.

(c) Notwithstanding subdivision (1) of subsection (h) of section 16-244c , an electric distribution company may retire the solar home renewable energy credits it procures through the master purchase agreement to satisfy its obligation pursuant to section 16-245a or such company may resell such renewable energy credits, with the proceeds from resale to be netted against contract costs.

(d) To develop a master purchase agreement, the Connecticut Green Bank and an electric distribution company shall negotiate in good faith the final terms of the draft master purchase agreement. Thirty days after the date negotiations commence, either the Connecticut Green Bank or an electric distribution company may initiate a docket proceeding before the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority to resolve any outstanding issues pertaining to the master purchase agreement.

(e) Upon completion of negotiations on a master purchase agreement the Connecticut Green Bank and the electric distribution company shall, not later than January 1, 2017, and thereafter as applicable, jointly file, with the authority, an application for approval of the agreement by the authority. No such master purchase agreement may become effective without approval of the authority. The authority shall hold a contested case, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, to approve, reject or modify an application for approval of the master purchase agreement.

(f) The purchase price of solar home renewable energy credits shall be determined by the Connecticut Green Bank, and such purchase price shall decline over time commensurate with the schedule of declining performance-based incentives and expected performance-based buydowns. Such purchase price shall not exceed the lesser of either (1) the price of small zero-emission renewable energy credit projects for the preceding year, or (2) five dollars less per renewable energy credit than the alternative compliance payment pursuant to subsection (k) of section 16-245 . Any solar project located on a property that contains or will contain any residence of a customer of an electric distribution company that is determined to meet the Connecticut Green Bank criteria as a residential dwelling for the residential solar investment program shall not be eligible for small zero-emission renewable energy credits pursuant to sections 16-244r and 16-244s or for low-emission renewable energy credits pursuant to section 16-244t .

(g) The electric distribution companies' costs associated with complying with this section shall be recoverable on a timely basis through a fully reconciling, nonbypassable rate component. Nothing in this section shall preclude the resale or other disposition of energy or associated renewable energy credits purchased by an electric distribution company, provided the electric distribution company shall net the cost of payments made to projects under the master purchase agreement against the proceeds of the sale of energy or renewable energy credits and the difference shall be credited or charged to electric distribution company customers through a reconciling component of electric rates as determined by the authority that is nonbypassable when switching electric suppliers.

(h) Each electric distribution company shall annually file with the authority an accounting of all costs and fees incurred by such electric distribution company while complying with the master purchase agreement.

(i) Any certificates issued by the New England Power Pool Generation Information System for Class I renewable energy credits produced by a qualifying residential solar photovoltaic system after the electric distribution company obligation, pursuant to subsections (a) and (b) of this section, to purchase solar home renewable energy credits from such system expires shall be transferred from the Connecticut Green Bank to the electric distribution companies as follows: (1) In the service area of an electric distribution company that has a service area of not more than seventeen cities and towns, twenty per cent of such certificates; and (2) in the service area of an electric distribution company that has a service area of eighteen or more cities and towns, eighty per cent of such certificates. The electric distribution company shall either (A) resell such credits into the New England Power Pool Generation Information System renewable energy credit market, to be used by any electric supplier or electric distribution company to meet the requirements of section 16-245a , so long as the revenues from such sale are credited to the electric distribution company's customers, or (B) retain such certificates to meet such company's requirements under section 16-245a . In considering whether to sell or retain such certificates, the company shall select the option that is in the best interest of such company's ratepayers.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-217 — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 282 / Section 16-217
Sec. 16-217. Securing of bonds by mortgage.
Status: in_force

Mortgage of franchise sustained. 23 C. 435. General railroad mortgage held to cover office furniture; 46 C. 129; to cover property acquired after date of mortgage; Id., 156; not to cover lands outside of layout, subsequently acquired and not needed by company; but to cover lands purchased with company's funds, though title was in names of officers. 50 C. 150. Priorities as between supply and other unsecured creditors and mortgage bond holders. 76 C. 17; 101 C. 13; 108 C. 217. Effect of failure to record. 89 C. 59. Rights of bondholder after foreclosure and under reorganization agreement. 90 C. 34.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16a-25 — Connecticut Code / Title 16a / Chapter 297 / Section 16a-25
Sec. 16a-25. Definitions.
Status: in_force

(1) “Process” means the procedure for adopting, amending, revising and implementing a state plan of conservation and development;

(2) “Existing plan” means the plan promulgated by Executive Order No. 28, September 27, 1974;

(3) “Secretary” means the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management;

(4) “Committee” means the continuing legislative committee on state planning and development established pursuant to section 4-60d ;

(5) “Adoption year” means the calendar year in which the General Assembly adopts the plan as the plan of conservation and development for the state;

(6) “Revision year” means the calendar year immediately preceding the adoption year;

(7) “Prerevision year” means the calendar year immediately preceding the revision year;

(8) “State agency” means any state department, institution, board, commission or official; and

(9) “Plan”, when referring to the state plan of conservation and development, means the text of such plan and any accompanying locational guide map.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-50u — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 277a / Section 16-50u
Sec. 16-50u. Enforcement of certificate and other requirements. Imposition of civil penalties by council.
Status: in_force

(b) If the council finds that any person has failed to secure a certificate pursuant to this chapter or has failed to comply with any certificate, condition of such certificate or any other requirements of this chapter, the council shall fine such person, order such person to pay restitution or order such person to pay a combination of a fine and restitution. The council may assess civil penalties in an amount not less than one thousand dollars per day for each day of construction or operation in material violation of this chapter, or in material violation of any certificate issued pursuant to this chapter. Civil proceedings to enforce this chapter may be brought by the Attorney General in the superior court for any judicial district affected by the violation. The remedies and penalties in this section shall be cumulative and shall be in addition to any other penalties and remedies available at law, or in equity, to any person.

(c) If the council has reason to believe that a violation has occurred for which a civil penalty is authorized pursuant to subsection (b) of this section, the council shall notify the alleged violator by certified mail, return receipt requested, or by personal service. The notice shall include:

(1) A reference to any applicable section of this title, council regulation or certificate, or to any condition or requirement of such certificate;

(2) A short and plain statement of the matter asserted or charged;

(3) A statement of the prescribed civil penalty for the violation; and

(4) A statement of the person's right to a hearing.

(d) The person to whom the notice is addressed shall have twenty days from the date of receipt of the notice in which to deliver to the council a written application for a hearing. If a hearing is requested, then, after a hearing and upon a finding that a violation has occurred, the council may issue a final order assessing a civil penalty under this section which shall not be greater than the maximum penalty permitted by subsection (b) of this section. If a hearing is not requested, or if such a request is later withdrawn, then the notice shall, on the first day after the expiration of the twenty-day period or on the first day after the withdrawal of the request for hearing, whichever is later, become a final order of the council and the matters asserted or charged in the notice shall be deemed admitted, unless the notice is modified by a consent order before it becomes a final order. A consent order shall be deemed a final order.

(e) All hearings under this section shall be conducted in accordance with sections 4-176e to 4-184 , inclusive. Any final order of the council assessing a civil penalty shall be subject to appeal under section 4-183 . No challenge to any final order of the council that assesses a civil penalty shall be allowed as to any issue that could have been raised by an appeal of an earlier order of the council. Any civil penalty authorized by this section shall become due and payable (1) at the time of receipt of a final order, in the case of a civil penalty assessed in such order after a hearing, (2) on the first day after the expiration of the period in which a hearing may be requested, if no hearing is requested, or (3) on the first day after the withdrawal of a request for hearing.

(f) Any civil penalty assessed in a final order of the council under this section may be enforced in the same manner as a judgment of the Superior Court. The council shall deliver the final order to the person found to be in violation by personal service or by certified mail, return receipt requested. After entry of such final order, the council may file a transcript without the payment of costs, in the office of the clerk of the superior court in the judicial district in which such person resides, has a place of business, owns real property, or where any real property that is the subject of the proceedings is located or, if such person is not a resident of the state, in the judicial district of Hartford. Upon such filing, the clerk shall docket the order in the same manner and with the same effect as a judgment entered in the superior court within the judicial district. Upon the docketing, the order may be enforced as a judgment of the court.

(g) Such court may grant such restraining orders, and such temporary and permanent injunctive relief, as may be necessary to secure compliance with this chapter and with a certificate issued pursuant to this chapter, including, but not limited to, requiring modifications to the layout of a facility or the installation of noise-dampening materials or equipment to comply with noise level restrictions required pursuant to such a certificate.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-244g — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-244g
Sec. 16-244g. Divestiture of nuclear electric generation facilities. Plan. Approval of sale by authority.
Status: in_force

(b) Not later than January 1, 2004, each electric distribution company shall either (1) submit its nuclear generation assets to a public auction held in a commercially reasonable manner, in accordance with subsection (c) of this section in order to divest itself of remaining nuclear generation assets, or (2) transfer remaining nuclear generation assets to one or more legally separate corporate affiliates at their book value, in which case no stranded costs shall be recovered.

(c) (1) Each electric distribution company that elects to divest itself of its nuclear generation assets shall, in a time frame that will allow divestiture to occur by January 1, 2004, submit a divestiture plan to the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority. The divestiture plan shall include (A) any documentation the authority determines is reasonably necessary to approve the auction procedure, including a copy of the request for proposal and a description of the solicitation process, (B) a detailed description of the process for the sale and transfer of nuclear generation assets, and (C) information the authority determines is necessary for the authority to determine the value of the minimum bid for each nuclear generation asset, as provided in subdivision (3) of this subsection. The authority shall hold a hearing and issue a final order approving or modifying the plan in a time frame that will allow divestiture to be accomplished by January 1, 2004. Any hearing shall be conducted as a contested case in accordance with chapter 54. The authority shall, after consultation with the Office of Consumer Counsel, appoint a consultant who shall be an entity unrelated to such company that meets qualifications set by the authority, to conduct the auction process.

(2) The authority shall not approve a sale unless (A) the sale price equals or exceeds the minimum bid established by the authority for the asset, (B) the authority determines the bidder meets all applicable qualifications established by federal law and regulation, (C) the sale is conducted in accordance with the divestiture plan as approved by the authority, (D) the bidder proves to the satisfaction of the authority that the bidder will preserve labor agreements in effect at the time of the sale, and (E) the sale will result in a net benefit to ratepayers, as determined by the authority. Transfer in ownership of any asset shall not occur until the authority determines the purchaser is fully qualified to provide electric generation services pursuant to section 16-245 or pursuant to applicable federal law and regulation. If the authority approves a sale in accordance with the provisions of this section, no further proceedings under section 16-43 shall be required.

(3) The authority shall determine the minimum bid price for each nuclear generation asset by determining the future net cash flow that a nuclear generation asset of comparable size, age and technical characteristics that is prudently and efficiently managed would be expected to produce over its expected remaining useful life, discounted to a present value.

(4) A generation entity or affiliate of an electric distribution company may bid on any nuclear generation asset, provided such entity or affiliate is qualified to bid, as provided in this subsection.

(5) If a final bid is less than book value for an asset, the electric distribution company shall be entitled to recover the difference between the bid price and the book value as stranded costs pursuant to subdivision (2) of subsection (h) of section 16-245e . If a final bid exceeds book value for an asset, the net proceeds realized by the electric distribution company that are above book value shall be netted against the amount of stranded costs as provided in subdivision (4) of subsection (h) of section 16-245e .

(d) (1) If an electric distribution company elects to sell all its remaining nuclear generation assets by public auction and complies with the provisions of subsection (c) of this section but does not receive any bids for an asset by a qualified bidder that equal or exceed the minimum bid price, as determined by the authority in accordance with the provisions of subsection (c) of this section, the authority shall calculate the value of stranded costs for each such asset in accordance with subdivision (3) of subsection (h) of section 16-245e .

(2) Not later than January 1, 2004, the electric distribution company shall transfer the nuclear generation assets described in subdivision (1) of this subsection to one or more legally separate corporate affiliates. If in order to comply with rules, regulations or licensing requirements of the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission an electric distribution company is unable to legally separate its nuclear assets to one or more corporate affiliates, the generation assets may remain in separate divisions of the electric distribution company.

(e) (1) On and after January 1, 2000, and prior to the date when a nuclear generation asset is sold at public auction or transferred to a corporate affiliate, the difference between the return of and on capital costs allowed in rates for the nuclear generation asset and the income capitalization value established for such asset for such interim period pursuant to the methodology described in subdivision (3) of subsection (c) of this section shall be collected through the competitive transition assessment in accordance with section 16-245g .

(2) On or after the date when a nuclear generation asset is sold at public auction or transferred to a corporate affiliate, the authority shall calculate the stranded costs for nuclear generation assets in accordance with subsection (h) of section 16-245e .

(3) In no event shall any costs described in this subsection be funded at any time with the proceeds of rate reduction bonds pursuant to sections 16-245e to 16-245k , inclusive.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-50ee — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 277a / Section 16-50ee
Sec. 16-50ee. State-wide telecommunications coverage plan.
Status: in_force

(b) On and after April 1, 2005, each provider of telecommunications services shall file with the Connecticut Siting Council, on a form prescribed by the council, on the non-tower locations of antenna array serving cellular and PCS telephone operations in the state. Such information shall be used solely to prepare the plan required under subsection (a) of this section and disclosure of such information shall not be subject to the Freedom of Information Act, as defined in section 1-200 .
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16a-35c — Connecticut Code / Title 16a / Chapter 297a / Section 16a-35c
Sec. 16a-35c. Priority funding areas. Definitions. Delineation of boundaries. Review and approval.
Status: in_force

(1) “Funding” includes any form of assurance, guarantee, grant payment, credit, tax credit or other assistance, including a loan, loan guarantee, or reduction in the principal obligation of or rate of interest payable on a loan or a portion of a loan;

(2) “Growth-related project” means any project that includes (A) the acquisition of real property when the acquisition costs are in excess of two hundred thousand dollars, except the acquisition of open space for the purposes of conservation or preservation; (B) the development or improvement of real property when the development costs are in excess of two hundred thousand dollars; (C) the acquisition of public transportation equipment or facilities when the acquisition costs are in excess of two hundred thousand dollars; or (D) the authorization of each state grant, any application for which is not pending on July 1, 2006, for an amount in excess of two hundred thousand dollars, for the acquisition or development or improvement of real property or for the acquisition of public transportation equipment or facilities, except the following: (i) Projects for maintenance, repair or renovations to existing facilities, acquisition of land for telecommunications towers whose primary purpose is public safety, parks, conservation and open space, and acquisition of agricultural, conservation and historic easements; (ii) funding by the Department of Housing for any project financed with federal funds used to purchase or rehabilitate existing single or multifamily housing or projects financed with the proceeds of revenue bonds if the Commissioner of Housing determines that application of this section and sections 16a-35d and 16a-35e (I) conflicts with any provision of federal or state law applicable to the issuance or tax-exempt status of the bonds or any provision of any trust agreement between the Department of Housing and any trustee, or (II) would otherwise prohibit financing of an existing project or financing provided to cure or prevent any default under existing financing; (iii) projects that the Commissioner of Housing determines promote fair housing choice and racial and economic integration as described in section 8-37cc ; (iv) projects at an existing facility needed to comply with state environmental or health laws or regulations adopted thereunder; (v) school construction projects funded by the Department of Education under chapter 173; (vi) libraries; (vii) municipally owned property or public buildings used for government purposes; and (viii) any other project, funding or other state assistance not included under subparagraphs (A) to (D), inclusive, of this subdivision;

(3) “Priority funding area” means the area of the state designated under subsection (b) of this section.

(b) The Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management, in consultation with the Commissioners of Economic and Community Development, Housing, Energy and Environmental Protection, Administrative Services, Agriculture and Transportation, the regional councils of governments in the state and any other persons or entities the secretary deems necessary, shall develop recommendations for delineation of the boundaries of priority funding areas in the state and for revisions thereafter. In making such recommendations, the secretary shall consider areas designated as regional centers, growth areas, neighborhood conservation areas and rural community centers on the state plan of conservation and development, redevelopment areas, distressed municipalities, as defined in section 32-9p , targeted investment communities, as defined in section 32-222 , public investment communities, as defined in section 7-545 , enterprise zones, designated by the Commissioner of Economic and Community Development under section 32-70 and corridor management areas identified in the state plan of conservation and development. The secretary shall submit the recommendations to the Continuing Legislative Committee on State Planning and Development established pursuant to section 4-60d for review when the state plan of conservation and development is submitted to such committee in accordance with section 16a-29 . The committee shall report its recommendations to the General Assembly at the time said state plan is submitted to the General Assembly under section 16a-30 . The boundaries shall become effective upon approval of the General Assembly.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-50g — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 277a / Section 16-50g
Sec. 16-50g. Legislative finding and purpose.
Status: in_force

Cited. 180 C. 474.

Cited. 20 CA 474.

Cited. 35 CS 303.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-247p — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-247p
Sec. 16-247p. Quality-of-service standards. Performance standards.
Status: in_force

(b) Not later than April 1, 2000, the authority shall, by regulations adopted pursuant to chapter 54, establish comprehensive performance standards and performance based reporting requirements for functions provided by a telephone company to a certified telecommunications provider, including, but not limited to, telephone company performance relating to customer ordering, preordering, provisioning, billing, maintenance and repair. Such service standards shall be sufficiently comprehensive to ensure that a telephone company meets its obligations under 47 USC 251. Such regulations may also contain provisions the authority deems necessary to prevent anticompetitive actions by any telephone company or certified telecommunications provider.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16a-38k — Connecticut Code / Title 16a / Chapter 298 / Section 16a-38k
Sec. 16a-38k. Building construction standards for new construction or renovation of certain state facilities. Regulations. Exemptions.
Status: in_force

(b) Not later than January 1, 2022, the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection, in consultation with the Commissioner of Administrative Services, shall adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, to adopt state building construction standards that (1) adopt by reference a nationally recognized model for sustainable construction codes that promotes the construction of high performance green buildings that have reduced emissions, have enhanced building occupant health and comfort, are designed to conserve water resources, are designed to promote sustainable and regenerative materials cycles and provide enhanced resilience to natural, technological and human-caused hazards, and (2) include a standard for inclusion of electric vehicle charging stations, and thereafter update such regulations as the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection deems necessary. Said regulations shall adopt by reference the nationally recognized model for sustainable construction codes referenced in this subsection. Any amendment to said state building construction standards shall be limited to administrative matters, geotechnical and weather-related portions of said state building construction standards, amendments to said state building construction standards necessitated by a provision of the general statutes and any other matter which, based on substantial evidence, necessitates an amendment to said state building construction standards.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-262s — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-262s
Sec. 16-262s. Voluntary acquisition of water company. Surcharges. Rate of return.
Status: in_force

(2) The Public Utilities Regulatory Authority may allow the recovery of such reasonable acquisition premium when it is demonstrated that such proposed acquisition shall provide benefits to customers by (A) enhancing system viability, or (B) avoiding capital costs or savings in operating costs, or as otherwise determined by the authority. If an acquisition premium is authorized, the excess of the acquisition cost over the depreciated original cost shall be added to the rate base to be amortized as an addition to expenses over a reasonable period of time with corresponding reductions in the rate base.

(b) In the case of a proposed acquisition of a water company that is not economically viable, as determined by the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority in accordance with the criteria provided in subsection (b) of section 16-262n , by a water company that is economically viable, as determined by the authority in accordance with said criteria, the authority may, as part of the acquiring water company's next general rate case, award a premium rate of return to such acquiring water company when it is demonstrated that such proposed acquisition will provide benefits to customers by (1) enhancing system viability, or (2) avoiding capital costs or saving in operating costs, or as otherwise determined by the authority.

(c) In lieu of all or part of a rate surcharge, the authority may allow the acquiring water company to defer such costs of such acquisition for subsequent collection as part of its next general rate case.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-345 — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 293 / Section 16-345
Sec. 16-345. Definitions.
Status: in_force

(1) “Person” means an individual, partnership, corporation, limited liability company or association, including a person engaged as a contractor by a public agency but excluding a public agency.

(2) “Public agency” means the state or any political subdivision thereof, including any governmental agency.

(3) “Public utility” means the owner or operator of underground facilities for furnishing electric, gas, telephone, communications, pipeline, sewage, water, community television antenna, steam, traffic signal, fire signal or similar service, including a municipal or other public owner or operator. A public utility does not include the owner of facilities for utility service solely for such owner's private residence.

(4) “Central clearinghouse” means the organization organized and operated by public utilities pursuant to section 16-348 for the purposes of receiving and giving notice of excavation, discharge of explosives and demolition activity within the state.

(5) “Excavation” means an operation for the purposes of movement or removal of earth, rock or other materials in or on the ground, or otherwise disturbing the subsurface of the earth, by the use of powered or mechanized equipment, including but not limited to digging, blasting, auguring, back filling, test boring, drilling, pile driving, grading, plowing-in, hammering, pulling-in, trenching, tunneling, dredging, reclamation processes and milling; excluding the tilling of soil for agricultural purposes. For the purposes of this subdivision, dredging does not include dredging associated with the production and harvesting of aquaculture crops.

(6) “Demolition” means the wrecking, razing, rending, moving or removing of any structure.

(7) “Damage” includes, but is not limited to, the substantial weakening of structural or lateral support of a utility facility such that the continued integrity of such utility facility is imperiled, penetration or destruction of any utility facility protective coating, housing or other protective device or the severance, partial or complete, of any utility facility.

(8) “Approximate location of an underground utility facility” means a strip of land not more than three feet wide centered on the actual location of an underground utility facility or a strip of land extending not more than one and one-half feet on either side of the actual location of an underground utility facility.

Cited. 12 CA 499.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-50s — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 277a / Section 16-50s
Sec. 16-50s. Expenditures by utilities as consideration in proceedings.
Status: in_force

(b) On and after October 1, 2025, the council shall give appropriate consideration in all proceedings to (1) the amounts expended by a utility for research on generation and transmission of the form of energy furnished by it and the environmental effect of such form of energy, (2) the amounts expended by such utility for promotion, including advertising, of the use of the form of energy furnished by it, and (3) the relationship between such expenditures.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16a-49 — Connecticut Code / Title 16a / Chapter 298 / Section 16a-49
Sec. 16a-49. Conservation and load management program. Return on expenditures in acquiring energy conservation measures from private power provider.
Status: in_force

(b) The authority may authorize an electric public service company a return on such company's expenditures in acquiring energy conservation or load management measures, approved by the authority, from private power providers, as defined in section 16-243b .
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-268 — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 284 / Section 16-268
Sec. 16-268. Duties of corporation.
Status: in_force

Cited. 138 C. 370. Act held constitutional; taking of temporary interest in land is authorized. Id., 582. Depreciation in value due to failure to leave premises in as good condition as they were in prior to construction is proper element of damages in condemnation proceeding. 144 C. 509.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16a-38g — Connecticut Code / Title 16a / Chapter 298 / Section 16a-38g
Sec. 16a-38g. Decision schedule.
Status: in_force

(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of any general statutes or special act to the contrary, if the time limit set forth in the decision schedule for an agency decision has elapsed and such decision has not been made, it shall be deemed to have been made in favor of the project unless the commissioner waives or grants an extension of such time limit.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16a-38 — Connecticut Code / Title 16a / Chapter 298 / Section 16a-38
Sec. 16a-38. Energy performance standards and life-cycle cost analyses for state buildings.
Status: in_force

(b) The Commissioner of Economic and Community Development and the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection shall jointly establish and publish energy performance standards for buildings constructed as part of state-owned and state-financed housing projects and establish standards for life-cycle cost analyses for such projects. In establishing such standards, the commissioners shall consider (1) the coordination, positioning and solar orientation of the project on its situs, (2) the amount of glazing, degree of sun shading and direction of exposure, (3) the levels of insulation incorporated into the design, (4) the variable occupancy and operating conditions of the facility, (5) all architectural features which affect energy consumption, and (6) the design and location of all heating, cooling, hot water and electrical systems.

(c) A life-cycle cost analysis of a major capital project prepared for the Department of Housing shall be reviewed by the Commissioner of Economic and Community Development and the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection to determine if such analysis is in compliance with the life-cycle cost analyses standards established for such project under subsection (b) of this section.

(d) Each state agency preparing a life-cycle cost analysis under this section shall submit a summary of the analysis to the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection.

See Sec. 16a-38i re reduction of energy use.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16a-32 — Connecticut Code / Title 16a / Chapter 297 / Section 16a-32
Sec. 16a-32. Initiation of plan revision. Interim changes. Annual report.
Status: in_force

(b) Without initiating a revision of the plan and after receiving written approval from the committee, the secretary may undertake interim changes in the plan upon the secretary's own initiative or upon application by (1) the chief executive officer of a municipality, with the approval of the legislative body of such municipality, or (2) any owner of real property or any interest therein on which a change is proposed. No application for an interim change from a municipality under subdivision (1) of this subsection may be submitted unless (A) the municipality in which the change is proposed has a plan of conservation and development that has been updated in accordance with section 8-23 , and (B) the application includes evidence, in writing, of the opinion of the planning commission of the municipality regarding the interim change. The secretary shall adopt regulations in accordance with chapter 54 to establish procedures for applications for such interim changes by any person, political subdivision of the state or state agency. Such regulations shall include, but need not be limited to, provisions for interviews and consultations with local planning and zoning commissions or, in those municipalities which have adopted the provisions of chapter 124 but which do not have a zoning commission, the persons designated to exercise zoning powers pursuant to section 8-1 , review of local plans of development and public hearings. The secretary shall notify the chief executive officer and the persons exercising planning or zoning powers in any municipality which is the subject of an application for change in the locational guide map and shall notify any members of the General Assembly representing any area which is the subject of such an application. A joint public hearing by the secretary and the committee shall be held in any such municipality if requested by any chief executive officer or planning or zoning official notified by the secretary pursuant to this subsection. The committee shall also hold a hearing in addition to any hearing required to be held in any municipality concerning the locational guide map on any other proposed changes. After such public hearing, the committee shall approve or disapprove the application and notify the secretary of its decision not more than ten days thereafter. The secretary shall make interim changes in the plan to reflect the approved changes.

(c) The secretary shall report annually on or before February fifteenth to the committee progress on the implementation of the plan and the extent to which state actions are in conformity with the plan.

(d) Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit the committee from initiating a revision of the plan at any time.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-20 — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 277 / Section 16-20
Sec. 16-20. Inadequate service or unreasonable rates; petition to authority. Small community water system rates and service.
Status: in_force

(b) If any public service company or private water company unreasonably fails or refuses to furnish adequate service at reasonable rates to any person within the territorial limits within which the company has, by its charter, authority to furnish the service or, in the case of a nonfranchised, nonchartered private water company, the general territorial limits within which it operates, and if no other specific remedy is provided in this title or in regulations adopted thereunder, the person may bring a written petition to the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority alleging the failure or refusal. The authority shall investigate and, not more than sixty days after receipt of a petition, (1) if appropriate, issue an order prescribing the service to be furnished by the company, the conditions under which and maximum rates or charges at which the service shall be furnished, or (2) order that a hearing be held on the matter or that the matter be set for alternative dispute resolution. If at any time during such sixty-day period, any party in interest requests a hearing, the authority shall, after notice to all parties and not more than ninety days after receiving the request, hold a hearing and, if appropriate, issue an order prescribing the service to be furnished by the company and the conditions under which and maximum rates or charges at which the service shall be furnished.

(c) The authority, on its own initiative, or upon request by the Commissioner of Public Health, may initiate an investigation to determine whether the rates of a small community water system are inadequate for such water system to maintain economic viability and provide adequate service to its customers. As used in this subsection, “small community water system” means a water system that is not required to submit a water supply plan under section 25-32d . The authority shall, not more than one hundred fifty days after the commencement of such investigation, if appropriate, issue an order prescribing the appropriate service to be furnished by the water system and the appropriate rates or charges that are necessary to furnish such service. Prior to the issuance of any such order raising rates or charges of such water system's customers, the authority, in consultation with the Office of Consumer Counsel and the Attorney General, shall consider the financial impact that any such rate increase may have on such water system's ratepayers. If such rate increase is one hundred per cent or more, such increase shall be phased in over the course of a two-year period. If at any time during such investigation any party in interest requests a hearing, the authority shall, after notice to all parties and not more than thirty days after receiving the request, hold a hearing and, if appropriate, issue an order prescribing the service to be furnished by the small community water system and the appropriate rates or charges at which the service shall be furnished. If such hearing is held, the authority shall have commensurate additional time to issue such order.

Right to require and considerations proper as to extension of gas main. 91 C. 134. Application of section to telephone service. 99 C. 284. Public utility is not under duty to extend service at regular rates except where reasonable. 114 C. 628. Section is not exclusive remedy; equity may enjoin shutting off of service where there is honest dispute over bill. 123 C. 180. Entitles a person living within a franchised area of utility to an extension of service only when extension of service would be reasonable under the circumstances. 142 C. 359. A public utility company need not provide service without a reasonable payment therefor, and reasonableness of amounts charged ought to be questioned in an administrative proceeding before commission and not in a collateral proceeding. 144 C. 195. Cited. 145 C. 243. Jurisdiction of commission is not exclusive; in action by water company on promissory note where defendants relied on doctrine of unilateral mistake and inequitable conduct in execution of contract, court having obtained jurisdiction should retain it as to whole controversy. 149 C. 442. Cited. 159 C. 327; 169 C. 344.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-262l — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-262l
Sec. 16-262l. Receivership of water companies for failure to provide adequate service. Personal liability of directors, officers and managers.
Status: in_force

(b) If the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority determines, after notice and hearing, that any water company is unable or unwilling to provide adequate service to its consumers, the authority may petition the superior court for any judicial district wherein the company conducts its business for an order attaching the assets of the company and placing it under the sole control and responsibility of a receiver.

(c) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (b) of this section, the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority, the Department of Public Health, the municipality served by a water company or an organization representing twenty per cent of the consumers of the company may, upon notice to the company, petition the Superior Court for an order attaching the assets of the water company and placing it under the sole control and responsibility of a receiver, if (1) the company has failed to supply water to consumers for at least five days during the preceding three months, (2) the Department of Public Health determines that the company has not met the standards adopted under section 25-32 for the quantity and quality of public drinking water, or (3) the petitioner has reasonable cause to believe the consumers of the company have not received and are unlikely to receive adequate service due to gross mismanagement of the company. Upon the filing of such a petition, the court shall order the company to show cause why such an order of attachment and receivership should not issue ten days from the date of service of the order to show cause upon the company at its last-known address.

(d) Any receiver appointed by the court shall file a bond in accordance with section 52-506 unless the court finds it unnecessary. The receiver shall operate the company to preserve its assets and to serve the best interests of its consumers. If the receiver determines that the water company's actions which caused it to be placed under the control and responsibility of the receiver under subsection (b) or (c) of this section were due to misappropriation or wrongful diversion of the assets or income of such company or to other wilful misconduct by any director, officer or manager of the company, the receiver shall file a petition, with the superior court that issued the order of attachment and receivership, for an order that such director, officer or manager be ordered to pay compensatory damages to the company by reason of such misappropriation, diversion or misconduct.

(e) The Public Utilities Regulatory Authority shall determine the value of the assets of a water company at the time of appointment of a receiver and immediately prior to return of the assets to the owner. The claim of the owner of the company shall be limited to the value determined at the time of the appointment of the receiver. The assets shall be returned to the owner after full restitution has been made to the receiver for the value of any improvements to the system and after payment has been made for any appraisal pursuant to this subsection.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-247l — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-247l
Sec. 16-247l. Access by certified telecommunications providers to occupied buildings: Service, wiring, compensation, regulations, civil penalty.
Status: in_force

(b) No owner of an occupied building shall demand or accept payment, in any form, except as provided in subsection (f) of this section, in exchange for permitting a certified telecommunications provider on or within his property or premises, or discriminate in rental charges or the provision of service between tenants who receive such service and those who do not, or those who receive such service from different certified telecommunications providers, provided such owner shall not be required to bear any cost for the installation or provision of such service.

(c) An owner of an occupied building shall permit wiring to provide telecommunications service by a certified telecommunications provider in such building provided: (1) A tenant of such building requests services from that certified telecommunications provider; (2) the entire cost of such wiring is assumed by that certified telecommunications provider; (3) the certified telecommunications provider indemnifies and holds harmless the owner for any damages caused by such wiring; and (4) the certified telecommunications provider complies with all regulations of the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority pertaining to such wiring. The authority shall adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, which shall set forth terms which may be included, and terms which shall not be included, in any contract to be entered into by an owner of an occupied building and a certified telecommunications provider concerning such wiring. No certified telecommunications provider shall present to an owner of an occupied building for review or for signature such a contract which contains a term prohibited from inclusion in such a contract by regulations adopted hereunder. The owner of an occupied building may require such wiring to be installed when the owner is present and may approve or deny the location at which such wiring enters such building.

(d) Prior to completion of construction of an occupied building, an owner of such a building in the process of construction shall permit prewiring to provide telecommunications services in such building provided: (1) The certified telecommunications provider complies with all the provisions of subdivisions (2), (3) and (4) of subsection (c) of this section and subsection (f) of this section; and (2) all wiring other than that to be directly connected to the equipment of a telecommunications service customer shall be concealed within the walls of such building.

(e) No certified telecommunications provider may enter into any agreement with the owner or lessee of, or person controlling or managing, an occupied building serviced by such provider, or commit or permit any act, that would have the effect, directly or indirectly, of diminishing or interfering with existing rights of any tenant or other occupant of such building to use or avail himself of the services of other certified telecommunications providers.

(f) The authority shall adopt regulations in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54 authorizing certified telecommunications providers, upon application by the owner of an occupied building and approval by the authority, to reasonably compensate the owner for any taking of property associated with the installation of wiring and ancillary facilities for the provision of telecommunications service. The regulations may include, without limitation:

(1) Establishment of a procedure under which owners may petition the authority for additional compensation;

(2) Authorization for owners and certified telecommunications providers to negotiate settlement agreements regarding the amount of such compensation, which agreements shall be subject to the authority's approval;

(3) Establishment of criteria for determining any additional compensation that may be due;

(4) Establishment of a schedule or schedules of such compensation under specified circumstances; and

(5) Establishment of application fees, or a schedule of fees, for applications under this subsection.

(g) Nothing in subsection (f) of this section shall preclude a certified telecommunications provider from installing telecommunications equipment or facilities in an occupied building prior to the authority's determination of reasonable compensation.

(h) Any determination by the authority under subsection (f) of this section regarding the amount of compensation to which an owner is entitled or approval of a settlement agreement may be appealed by an aggrieved party in accordance with the provisions of section 4-183 .

(i) Any person which the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority determines, after notice and opportunity for a hearing as provided in section 16-41 , has failed to comply with any provision of subsections (b) to (e), inclusive, of this section shall pay to the state a civil penalty of not more than one thousand dollars for each day following the issuance of a final order by the authority pursuant to section 16-41 that the person fails to comply with said subsections.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-262aa — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-262aa
Sec. 16-262aa. Termination of gas or electric service at certain rented or leased properties. Notice to owners.
Status: in_force

(1) Notify such requestor by United States mail not less than seventy-two hours prior to terminating service to such property; and

(2) Reinstate gas or electric service, as applicable, by reverting such service to such requestor's name, if, at a later date, such requestor requests such reinstatement. Such requestor shall be responsible for maintaining such requestor's account as current on and after any such reinstatement.

(b) Any request made pursuant to subsection (a) of this section shall be in writing in a form prescribed by the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority. The authority shall prescribe such form and the implementation date for such form after evaluating evidence from electric distribution companies, gas companies and other interested parties in an uncontested proceeding. Such request shall include: (1) A certification that the requestor is the owner of the property that is the subject of the request; and (2) the mailing address of the requestor that shall be used by such gas or electric distribution company, as applicable, to mail notice in accordance with subdivision (1) of subsection (a) of this section. The requestor shall be responsible for notifying such gas or electric distribution company of any change to such requestor's mailing address or of the sale of such property in a timely manner.

(c) No gas company or electric distribution company may disclose to the requestor the reason the company terminates service to such property.

(d) Nothing in this section shall be construed to require such requestor to pay an account balance or arrearage of any customer who was billed for service at such property before such service was terminated.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-243gg — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-243gg
Sec. 16-243gg. Costs associated with trade associations, lobbying, legislative action, advertising, marketing and board of director's or officers; travel, lodging or food and business expenses. Recovery of costs by an electric distribution, gas, pipeline or water company prohibited.
Status: in_force

(b) No electric distribution company, gas company, pipeline company or water company, as such terms are defined in section 16-1 , shall recover through rates any direct or indirect cost associated with lobbying or legislative action, as such terms are defined in section 1-91 .

(c) No electric distribution company, gas company, pipeline company or water company, as such terms are defined in section 16-1 , shall recover through rates any direct or indirect cost associated with advertising, marketing, communications that seek to influence public opinion or any other related costs identified by the authority, unless such marketing, advertising, communications or related costs are specifically approved or ordered by the authority or the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection.

(d) No electric distribution company, gas company, pipeline company or water company, as such terms are defined in section 16-1 , shall recover through rates any direct or indirect cost associated with (1) travel, lodging or food and beverage expenses for such company's board of directors and officers or the board of directors and officers of such company's parent company; (2) entertainment or gifts; (3) any owned, leased or chartered aircraft for such company's board of directors and officers or the board of directors and officers of such company's parent company; or (4) investor relations.

(e) On or before January 15, 2024, and annually thereafter, each electric distribution company, gas company, pipeline company or water company, as such terms are defined in section 16-1 , with more than seventy-five thousand customers shall report to the authority an itemized list of costs associated with the activities described in this section and subsection (b) of section 16-243p in a form prescribed by the authority. Such report shall include, but need not be limited to: (1) Any costs spent by the parent company or affiliates of the public service company directly billed or allocated to the public service company; (2) a list of the title, job description and salary of any employees of the public service company who performed work associated with the activities described in this section or in subsection (b) of section 16-243p and the hours attributed to such work; (3) a list of the title, job description and salary of any employees of the parent company or affiliate who performed work associated with the activities described in this section or in subsection (b) of section 16-243p and the hours attributed to such work that were directly billed or allocated to the public service company; (4) an itemized list of costs that the public service company made to all third-party vendors for any expenses associated with the activities described in this section or in subsection (b) of section 16-243p including unredacted billing amounts, billing dates, payees and explanation of the expenditure in detail sufficient to describe the purpose of the cost; and (5) any other itemized information deemed relevant by the authority. No electric distribution company, gas company, pipeline company or water company, as such terms are defined in section 16-1 , shall recover through rates any costs associated with the preparation of such report.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-244 — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-244
Sec. 16-244. Electric deregulation; findings and declarations.
Status: in_force

(1) The provision of affordable, safe and reliable electricity is key to the continuing growth of this state and to the health, safety and general welfare of its residents;

(2) Rates for electricity in this state and in the region are higher than the national average;

(3) Changes in generating technology now enable the provision of electric service at much lower rates than are currently being charged in Connecticut and competitive market forces can play a role in the reduction of Connecticut rates;

(4) It is in the best interest of the state to reduce rates for electricity to all customer classes, to prevent cross subsidization among customer classes and to allow for the competitive generation of electricity while retaining a regulated distribution system to ensure reliability;

(5) A competitive generation market should allow customers to choose among alternative generation services and allow customers a reasonable and fair opportunity to self-generate and interconnect;

(6) Those public policy measures under current law, including, but not limited to, those protecting customers under the winter moratorium and hardship provisions as well as conservation measures and incentives for using renewable energy sources, should be preserved;

(7) State regulations should encourage and allow for a sufficient number of in-state generating facilities to ensure an adequate and reliable power supply within the state and ensure development of a truly competitive generation market;

(8) The assurance of safe, reliable and available electric service to all customers in a uniform and equitable manner is an essential governmental objective and a restructured electric market must provide adequate safeguards to assure universal service and customer service protections;

(9) The generation of electricity must be achieved in a manner that does not endanger the public health or safety and that minimizes negative environmental impacts;

(10) The restructuring of the electric industry may result in a reduction in staffing levels at Connecticut generation facilities and those workers adversely affected by such restructuring should be protected;

(11) The current method of providing electric service has involved a balancing of costs, risks and rewards for electric utilities and their customers, and therefore the transition to a competitive generation market, including the determination of stranded costs, should be based on the principles of fairness and reasonableness and the result of a balance of the interests of electric customers, electric utilities and the public at large; and

(12) It is in the best interest of the state for all customers to use electricity as efficiently as possible.

Cited. 145 C. 243.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-243r — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-243r
Sec. 16-243r. Customer-side distributed resources and grid-side distributed resources. Qualifications for applicability of certain provisions.
Status: in_force

*Note: Section 21 of public act 05-1 of the June special session is special in nature and therefore has not been codified but remains in full force and effect according to its terms.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-246e — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-246e
Sec. 16-246e. Procurement and sale by authority of electric power capacity and power output from out-of-state producers. Approval by Governor.
Status: in_force

(b) The authority shall submit any final action it takes under subsection (a) of this section to the Governor, who may, not later than sixty days after such submission, disapprove such action by notifying the authority in writing of such disapproval and the reasons for it.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-262o — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-262o
Sec. 16-262o. Acquisition of water company ordered by authority. Rates and charges. Recovery of acquisition costs.
Status: in_force

(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of any special act, the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority shall extend the franchise areas of the acquiring water company to the service area of the water company acquired pursuant to this section.

(c) On and after December 1, 1989, in the case of any proposed acquisition of a water company for which the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority has provided notice of a hearing pursuant to section 16-262n , the authority may, to encourage and facilitate such acquisition, and shall, if it orders such acquisition, require the acquiring water company, as defined in section 16-1 , to implement, and revise quarterly thereafter, a rate surcharge applied to the rates of the acquired water company or of both the acquiring water company and the acquired water company, as determined by the authority, that would recover on a current basis all costs of such acquisition and of needed improvements to the acquired water company's system. Such surcharge may be designed to recover one hundred per cent of the revenues necessary to provide a net after-tax return on investment actually made in the acquisition and improvement of the acquired water company, at a rate of return equivalent to that authorized for the acquiring water company in its last general rate proceeding. The authority shall, not later than December 1, 1989, adopt regulations, in accordance with chapter 54, to carry out the purposes of this section.

(d) Not later than sixty days after the issuance of an order for an acquisition pursuant to this section, the acquired water company shall properly execute and deliver to the acquiring water company all documents necessary to complete the transfer of title to all real and personal property that is the subject of the acquisition order, including, but not limited to, land, structures, easements, and every estate, right or interest therein, to the entity ordered to acquire such water company. If the acquired company fails to deliver such documents in accordance with this subsection, the acquiring company shall notify the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority of such failure to act. Upon receipt of such notice, the authority shall petition the Superior Court to enforce the provisions of its acquisition order. Nothing in this subsection shall deprive any entity of the compensation rights set forth in section 16-262q .

Cited. 219 C. 121.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-32n — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 277 / Section 16-32n
Sec. 16-32n. Cost-benefit analysis concerning resources expended and existing staffing levels during storm events. Minimum staffing levels and acceptable performance standards for electric distribution companies. Penalties.
Status: in_force

(b) Not later than January 1, 2021, each electric distribution company shall submit to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to energy, in accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a , and the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority the following:

(1) A cost-benefit analysis identifying the resources expended in response to the last five storm events classified as a level three, four or five. Such analysis shall include a review of the number of line crew workers and shall distinguish between line crew workers (A) directly employed by the electric distribution company and working full time within the state, (B) directly employed by the electric distribution company working primarily in another state, and (C) hired as contractors or subcontractors.

(2) An analysis of any such company's (A) estimates concerning potential damage and service outages prior to the last five storm events classified as a level three, four or five, (B) damage and service outage assessments after the last five storm events classified as a level three, four or five, (C) restoration management after the last five storm events classified as a level three, four or five, including access to alternate restoration resources via regional and reciprocal aid contracts, (D) planning for at-risk and vulnerable customers, (E) communication policies with state and local officials and customers, including individual customer restoration estimates and the accuracy of such estimates, (F) infrastructure, facilities and equipment, which shall include, but not be limited to, an examination of (i) whether such infrastructure, facilities and equipment are in good repair and capable of meeting operational standards, (ii) whether such company is following standard industry practice concerning operation and maintenance of such infrastructure, facilities and equipment, (iii) the age and condition of such infrastructure, facilities and equipment, (iv) whether maintenance of such infrastructure, facilities and equipment has been delayed, and (v) whether such company had access to adequate replacement equipment for such infrastructure, facilities and equipment during the course of the last five storm events classified as a level three, four or five, and (G) compliance with any emergency response standards adopted by the authority.

(c) Not later than January 1, 2021, the authority shall initiate a docket, or incorporate into an existing docket, to review the report provided by each electric distribution company pursuant to subsection (b) of this section. The authority shall submit the final decision of such docket, in accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a , to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to energy.

(d) After issuing its final decision in the docket initiated pursuant to subsection (c) of this section, the authority shall establish standards for minimum staffing levels for any electric distribution company for outage planning and restoration personnel, including linemen, technicians and system engineers, tree trimming crews and personnel responsible for directing operations and communicating with state, municipal and regional officials. Such staffing standards may reflect different staffing levels based on the severity of any emergency.

(e) The authority may establish as it deems fit any other standards for acceptable performance by any electric distribution company to ensure the reliability of such company's services in any emergency and to prevent, minimize and restore any long-term service outages or disruptions caused by such emergency.

(f) The authority, upon a finding that any electric distribution company failed to comply with any standard of acceptable performance adopted pursuant to this section or any order of the authority, shall make orders to enforce such standards and may levy civil penalties against such company, pursuant to section 16-41 . Any such penalty shall not be included as an operating expense of such company for purposes of ratemaking.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-50ll — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 277a / Section 16-50ll
Sec. 16-50ll. Annual report re backup power for telecommunications towers and antennas during electric service outages. Study re feasibility of backup power requirements.
Status: in_force

(b) As the reliability of such mobile radio service is considered to be in the public interest and necessary for public health and safety, after such initial report is submitted, the Connecticut Siting Council, in consultation and in coordination with the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection, the Department of Emergency Services and Public Protection and the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority, shall study the feasibility of requiring backup power for telecommunications towers and antennas.

(c) Such study shall consider (1) the federal, state and local jurisdictional issues of such backup power requirements, including, but not limited to, siting issues, (2) similar laws or initiatives in other states, (3) the technical and legal feasibility of such backup power requirements, (4) the environmental issues concerning such backup power, and (5) any other issue concerning backup power that the authority deems relevant to such study.

(d) On or before January 1, 2013, the authority shall submit a report of its findings and recommendations and a proposed plan for deploying backup power, if such backup power is determined to be feasible, in accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a , to the joint standing committees of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to energy, public safety and planning and development.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-228 — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-228
Sec. 16-228. Telephone lines.
Status: in_force

See Sec. 16-236 re appraisal of damages and assessment of costs.

Selectmen's permission does not justify telephone company in cutting trees on highway. 66 C. 559. Right of nonresident telegraph company to enter state and use highways. 91 C. 38. Cited. 235 C. 408.

Cited. 44 CS 45.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-256g — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-256g
Sec. 16-256g. Proceeding to determine monthly subscriber fee. Assessment of subscribers for enhanced emergency 9-1-1 program.
Status: in_force

(b) Each telephone or telecommunications company providing local telephone service, each provider of commercial mobile radio service and each provider of voice over Internet protocol service shall assess against each subscriber, the fee established by the authority pursuant to subsection (a) of this section, which shall be remitted to the office of the State Treasurer for deposit into the Enhanced 9-1-1 Telecommunications Fund established pursuant to section 28-30a , not later than the fifteenth day of each month.

(c) The fee imposed under this section shall not apply to any prepaid wireless telecommunications service, as defined in section 28-30b .

*Note: Public act 95-318 is special in nature and therefore has not been codified but remains in full force and effect according to its terms.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-331x — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 289 / Section 16-331x
Sec. 16-331x. Cable franchise authority companies' closed captioning and emergency broadcast systems.
Status: in_force

(b) A company issued a certificate of cable franchise authority shall offer the concurrent rebroadcast of local television broadcast channels, or utilize another economically and technically feasible process for providing an appropriate message through the company's community antenna television service or video service in the event of a public safety emergency issued over the emergency broadcast system.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16a-3b — Connecticut Code / Title 16a / Chapter 295 / Section 16a-3b
Sec. 16a-3b. Implementation of the Integrated Resources Plan.
Status: in_force

(b) When the Integrated Resources Plan contains an option to procure new sources of generation, the authority shall develop and issue a request for proposals, shall publish such request for proposals in one or more newspapers or periodicals, as selected by the authority, and shall post such request for proposals on its Internet web site. In considering proposals submitted pursuant to such request, the authority shall give preference to proposals for generation without any financial assistance, including, but not limited to, long-term contract financing or ratepayer guarantees. Pursuant to a nondisclosure agreement, the authority shall make available to the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection, the Office of Consumer Counsel and the Attorney General all confidential bid information it receives pursuant to this subsection, provided the bids and any analysis of such bids shall not be subject to disclosure under the Freedom of Information Act. Three months after the authority issues a final decision, it shall make available all financial bid information, provided such information regarding the bidders not selected be presented in a manner that conceals the identities of such bidders.

(1) On and after July 1, 2008, an electric distribution company may submit proposals in response to a request for proposals on the same basis as other respondents to the solicitation. A proposal submitted by an electric distribution company shall include its full projected costs such that any project costs recovered from or defrayed by ratepayers are included in the projected costs. An electric distribution company submitting any such bid shall demonstrate to the satisfaction of the authority that its bid is not supported in any form of cross subsidization by affiliated entities. If the authority approves such electric distribution company's proposal, the costs and revenues of such proposal shall not be included in calculating such company's earning for purposes of, or in determining whether its rates are just and reasonable under, sections 16-19 , 16-19a and 16-19e . An electric distribution company shall not recover more than the full costs identified in any approved proposal. Affiliates of the electric distribution company may submit proposals pursuant to section 16-244h , regulations adopted pursuant to section 16-244h and other requirements the authority may impose.

(2) If the authority selects a nonelectric distribution company proposal, an electric distribution company shall, within thirty days of the selection of a proposal by the authority, negotiate in good faith the final terms of a contract with a generating facility and shall apply to the authority for approval of such contract. Upon authority approval, the electric distribution company shall enter into such contract.

(3) The authority shall determine the appropriate manner of cost recovery for proposals selected pursuant to this section.

(4) The authority may retain the services of a third-party entity with expertise in the area of energy procurement to oversee the development of the request for proposals and to assist the authority in its approval of proposals pursuant to this section. The reasonable and proper expenses for retaining such third-party entity shall be recoverable through the generation services charge.

(c) The electric distribution companies shall issue requests for proposals to acquire any other resource needs not identified in subsection (a) or (b) of this section but specified in the Integrated Resources Plan approved by the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection pursuant to section 16a-3a . Such requests for proposals shall be subject to approval by the authority.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-245h — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-245h
Sec. 16-245h. Transition property. Surplus competitive transition assessment. Restrictions on use of transition property by electric distribution companies.
Status: in_force

(b) Any surplus competitive transition assessment described in subparagraph (A) of subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of section 16-245e in excess of the amounts necessary to pay principal, premium, if any, interest and expenses of the issuance of the rate reduction bonds shall be remitted to the financing entity and may be used to benefit customers if this would not result in a recharacterization of the tax, accounting, and other intended characteristics of the financing, including, but not limited to, the following:

(1) Avoiding the recognition of debt on the electric distribution company's balance sheet for financial accounting and regulatory purposes;

(2) Treating the rate reduction bonds as debt of the electric distribution company or its affiliates for federal income tax purposes;

(3) Treating the transfer of the transition property by the electric distribution company as a true sale for bankruptcy purposes; or

(4) Avoiding any adverse impact of the financing on the credit rating of the rate reduction bonds or the electric distribution company.

(c) Electric distribution companies may sell and assign all or portions of their interest in transition property to an affiliate. Electric distribution companies or their affiliates may sell or assign their interests to one or more financing entities that make that property the basis for issuance of rate reduction bonds to the extent approved in the pertinent financing orders. Electric distribution companies, their affiliates, or financing entities may pledge transition property as collateral, directly or indirectly, for rate reduction bonds to the extent approved in the pertinent financing orders providing for a security interest in the transition property, in the manner as set forth in section 16-245k . In addition, transition property may be sold or assigned by (1) the financing entity or a trustee for the holders of rate reduction bonds in connection with the exercise of remedies upon a default, or (2) any person acquiring the transition property after a sale or assignment pursuant to this subsection.

(d) To the extent that any interest in transition property is so sold or assigned, or is so pledged as collateral, the authority shall authorize the electric distribution company to contract with the financing entity that it will continue to operate its system to provide service to its customers, will collect amounts in respect of the competitive transition assessment for the benefit and account of the financing entity, and will account for and remit these amounts to or for the account of the financing entity. Contracting with the financing entity in accordance with that authorization shall not impair or negate the characterization of the sale, assignment, or pledge as an absolute transfer, a true sale, or security interest, as applicable.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-50bbb — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 277b / Section 16-50bbb
Sec. 16-50bbb. Processes for siting small wireless facilities on municipal property.
Status: in_force

(b) Not later than January 30, 2020, the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management, in accordance with section 11-4a , shall make recommendations concerning the establishment of streamlined processes for siting small wireless facilities on municipal property to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to energy and technology.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16a-38h — Connecticut Code / Title 16a / Chapter 298 / Section 16a-38h
Sec. 16a-38h. Buildings leased to state. Energy requirements.
Status: in_force

(b) In selecting buildings to lease for state use, the Commissioner of Administrative Services shall give preference to buildings which meet any applicable energy performance standards, including buildings which use solar heating and cooling equipment or other renewable energy sources and which otherwise minimize life-cycle costs.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16a-23t — Connecticut Code / Title 16a / Chapter 296a / Section 16a-23t
Sec. 16a-23t. Information on wholesale and retail prices of home heating oil.
Status: in_force

(b) The commissioner shall collect, monitor and distribute information concerning home heating oil in a manner that will provide transparency of market prices to the public. Not later than one hundred twenty days after October 31, 2005, the commissioner shall provide an opportunity for public comment to determine the manner in which this policy mission will be implemented.

(c) In implementing the provisions of this section, the commissioner shall consult with other relevant agencies of the state. Any ongoing assistance provided by an agency that may result in a material budgetary impact upon the assisting agency shall be provided pursuant to a memorandum of understanding, which shall be negotiated between the commissioner and the subject agency.

(d) In implementing the provisions of subsection (b) of this section, the commissioner shall collect, or cause to be collected, information on the wholesale and retail prices of home heating oil and shall establish indices of those prices so as to provide transparent market prices to the public. The indices developed pursuant to this subsection shall be transmitted to the public in a manner that provides the greatest possible public access to understandable and current information on a cost-effective basis. On and after December 1, 2005, and not later than April 30, 2006, the indices developed pursuant to this section shall be updated on a weekly basis and posted on the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection's Internet web site.

(e) (1) The commissioner shall monitor and analyze the information collected pursuant to subsection (d) of this section for evidence of market activities that impair the free and fair operation of the home heating oil market. The commissioner shall refer such evidence, together with any other information or recommendations, to such agencies as the commissioner determines may have jurisdiction to provide remedies, including, but not limited to, state, federal or local administrative, regulatory or law enforcement agencies.

(2) The commissioner, in the performance of the commissioner's duties, may summon and examine, under oath, such witnesses, and may direct the production of, and examine or cause to be produced and examined, such books, records, vouchers, memoranda, documents, letters, contracts or other papers in relation to the affairs of any home heating oil seller or distributor at the wholesale or retail level operating in the state as the commissioner may find advisable.

(3) Notwithstanding the provisions of the general statutes, any information, analysis or work product developed by the commissioner pursuant to the provisions of subdivision (1) of this subsection shall not be a public record, as defined in section 4d-33 , except as provided in this section. Any such information referred by the commissioner pursuant to subdivision (1) of this subsection shall become a public record not more than sixty days after the date of a referral unless such law enforcement agency protects such information from disclosure pursuant to law. Any information that the commissioner determines not to refer pursuant to subdivision (1) of this subsection shall become a public record not more than thirty days after such determination is made.

(4) The commissioner shall notify the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to energy of every referral of information to other agencies pursuant to subdivision (1) of this subsection, provided the scope of information provided shall be limited pursuant to subdivision (3) of this subsection. The commissioner, in such notification, shall include recommendations for addressing the conditions identified, including, but not limited to, any recommendations for legislation.

(f) The Commissioner of Social Services, or the commissioner's designee, and the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection, or the commissioner's designee, shall constitute a Home Heating Oil Planning Council to address issues involving the supply, delivery and costs of home heating oil and state policies regarding the future of the state's home heating oil supply. The Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection shall convene the first meeting of the council.

(g) The Home Heating Oil Planning Council shall, on an ongoing basis, monitor and analyze the information collected pursuant to subsection (d) of this section, and such other information from other sources as it deems appropriate, for evidence of operational or infrastructure conditions that should be addressed to enhance the reliable, free and fair operation of the state's home heating oil market. Not later than January 1, 2007, and periodically thereafter as it deems appropriate, the council shall submit to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to energy a report on the status of the state's home heating oil market, including, but not limited to, its recommendations for addressing any negative conditions identified and recommendations for legislation.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-50d — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 277 / Section 16-50d
Sec. 16-50d. Action to acquire property.
Status: in_force

(b) If the recipients of a notice provided pursuant to subsection (a) or (b) of section 16-50c , or any nonprofit land-holding organization identified as a potential acquirer pursuant to subsection (b) of section 16-50c , fails to give notice, as provided in subsection (a) or (d) of this section, or give notice to the authority and to the public service company or water company by certified mail, return receipt requested, of a desire not to acquire such land, or if a nonprofit land-holding organization fails to identify itself as a potential acquirer pursuant to subsection (b) of section 16-50c , the right to acquire such land in accordance with the terms of sections 16-50b to 16-50e , inclusive, shall have been waived by such recipient or nonprofit land-holding organization.

(c) The written notice given by a municipality, the state, a water company or a nonprofit land-holding organization pursuant to subsection (a) or (d) of this section shall constitute acceptance of the terms, conditions and price set forth in the agreement approved by the authority in accordance with the provisions of subsection (a) of section 16-43 and section 16-50c . The municipality, state, water company or nonprofit land-holding organization shall thereafter acquire the interest in land which the public service company or water company has proposed to sell, lease or otherwise dispose of within fifteen months after such written notice has been given.

(d) (1) Within one hundred eighty days after such approval by the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority has been so given with respect to land owned by a public service company other than a water company, a chief executive officer or officers or the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection exercising their rights under subsection (a) of this section may give written notice to the authority and to the public service company by certified mail, return receipt requested, of the municipality's or the state's intent to acquire such land by eminent domain and each shall have the right to acquire the land which the public service company has declared its intent to sell, lease or otherwise dispose of, provided the municipality or the state has not waived its right to acquire such land as set forth in subsection (b) of this section.

(2) Within one hundred days after such approval by the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority has been so given with respect to land owned by a water company, a chief executive officer or officers or the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection exercising their rights under subsection (a) of this section may give written notice to the authority and to the water company by certified mail, return receipt requested, of the municipality's or the state's intent to acquire such land by eminent domain and, subject to the order of rights set forth in subsection (f) of this section to acquire water company land, each shall have the right to acquire the land which the water company has declared its intent to sell, lease or otherwise dispose of, provided the municipality or the state has not waived its right to acquire such land as set forth in subsection (b) of this section.

(3) The procedure for acquiring the land pursuant to this subsection shall be as follows: The Comptroller in the name of the state or the municipality shall proceed in the same manner specified for redevelopment agencies in accordance with sections 8-128 to 8-133 , inclusive, provided, if such land is subject to the provisions of section 25-32 , such land shall not be sold or condemned as herein provided without the approval of the Department of Public Health. The price, terms and conditions approved by the authority in accordance with the provisions of subsection (a) of section 16-43 and section 16-50c shall apply to any such procedure and shall not be changed without the approval of the authority in accordance with the provisions of subsection (a) of section 16-43 .

(e) In no case shall any such land be sold or transferred to a corporation, ten per cent or more of the capital stock of which is owned or controlled by the stockholders of the public service company or water company, for a consideration less than the fair market value of the land. The provisions of this subsection shall not apply to transfers of land between public service companies or water companies.

(f) When more than one person gives notice of a desire to acquire a water company source or land, the right to acquire such source or land shall be in the following order: (1) A water company, as defined in section 25-32a , for water supply purposes; (2) a municipality in which the source or land is located for water supply, open space or recreational purposes; (3) the state for open space or recreational purposes; (4) a private, nonprofit land-holding organization for open space or recreational purposes; (5) a municipality for any public purpose, including, but not limited to, an educational use; and (6) the state for any public purpose. Any such source or land acquired for open space or recreational purposes shall have such restriction placed in the instrument intended as a conveyance recorded in the land records in the town where the source or land is situated. No source or land acquired pursuant to this section for open space or recreational purposes may be used for any other purpose unless the source or land has been reoffered for open space or recreational purposes pursuant to the provisions of this section and no notice of a desire to acquire such source or land has been given. The authority shall approve any such reoffering, provided there is compliance with this section. In any decision pursuant to this subsection, the authority shall act in concurrence with the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection. Notwithstanding the provisions of subdivision (5) of this subsection, not more than fifteen per cent of the land acquired pursuant to this section may be used by a municipality for a use other than open space or recreational purposes without a reoffering. Any such other use shall be subject to the provisions of section 7-131n . As used in this subsection, “open space or recreational purposes” means use of lands for agriculture, parks, natural areas, forests, camping, fishing, wetlands preservation, wildlife habitat, reservoirs, hunting, golfing, boating, swimming and hiking, and “educational use” means the use by any town, city or borough, whether consolidated or unconsolidated, and any school district or regional school district, for the purposes of schools and related facilities.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-244s — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-244s
Sec. 16-244s. Zero emission generation projects solicitation plan. Procurement plan. Noncompliance fee.
Status: in_force

(b) The electric distribution company's approved solicitation plan shall be designed to foster a diversity of project sizes and participation among all eligible customer classes subject to cost-effectiveness considerations. Separate procurement processes shall be conducted for (1) systems up to one hundred kilowatts; (2) systems greater than one hundred kilowatts but less than two hundred fifty kilowatts; and (3) systems between two hundred fifty and one thousand kilowatts. The Public Utilities Regulatory Authority shall give preference to competitive bidding for resources of more than one hundred kilowatts, with bids ranked in order on the basis of lowest net present value of required renewable energy credit price, unless the authority determines that an alternative methodology is in the best interests of the electric distribution company's customers and the development of a competitive and self-sustaining market. Systems up to one hundred kilowatts in size shall be eligible to receive, on an ongoing and continuous basis, a renewable energy credit offer price equivalent to the weighted average accepted bid price in the most recent solicitation for systems greater than one hundred kilowatts but less than two hundred fifty kilowatts, plus an additional incentive of ten per cent.

(c) Each electric distribution company shall execute its approved six-year solicitation plan and submit to the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority for review and approval of its preferred procurement plan comprised of any proposed contract or contracts with independent developers. If an electric distribution company's solicitation does not result in proposed contracts totaling the annual expenditure pursuant to subsection (a) of section 16-244r and the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority has reduced the cap price by more than three per cent pursuant to subsection (c) of section 16-244r , the authority shall, within ninety days, issue a request for proposals for additional contracts. The authority shall approve contract proposals submitted in response to such request on a least-cost basis, provided an electric distribution company shall not be required to enter into a contract that provides for a payment in any year of the contract that exceeds the renewable energy price cap for the prior year by less than three per cent.

(d) The Public Utilities Regulatory Authority shall hold a hearing that shall be conducted as an uncontested case, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, to approve, reject or modify an application for approval of the electric distribution company's procurement plan. The authority shall only approve such proposed plan if the authority finds that (1) the solicitation and evaluation conducted by the electric distribution company was the result of a fair, open, competitive and transparent process; (2) approval of the procurement plan would result in the greatest expected ratepayer value from energy from Class I or renewable energy credits at the lowest reasonable cost; and (3) such procurement plan satisfies other criteria established in the approved solicitation plan. The authority shall not approve any proposal made under such plan unless it determines that the plan and proposals encompass all foreseeable sources of revenue or benefits and that such proposals, together with such revenue or benefits, would result in the greatest expected ratepayer value from energy technologies that emit no pollutants or renewable energy credits. The authority may, in its discretion, retain the services of an independent consultant with expertise in the area of energy procurement to assist in such determination. The independent consultant shall be unaffiliated with the electric distribution company or its affiliates and shall not, directly or indirectly, have benefited from employment or contracts with the electric distribution company or its affiliates in the preceding five years, except as an independent consultant. The electric distribution company shall provide the independent consultant immediate and continuing access to all documents and data reviewed, used or produced by the electric distribution company in its bid solicitation and evaluation process. The electric distribution company shall make all its personnel, agents and contractors used in the bid solicitation and evaluation available for interview by the consultant. The electric distribution company shall conduct any additional modeling requested by the independent consultant to test the assumptions and results of the bid evaluation process. The independent consultant shall not participate in or advise the electric distribution company with respect to any decisions in the bid solicitation or bid evaluation process. The authority's administrative costs in reviewing the electric distribution company's procurement plan and the costs of the consultant shall be recovered through a reconciling component of electric rates as determined by the authority.

(e) The electric distribution company shall be entitled to recover its reasonable costs and fees prudently incurred of complying with its approved procurement plan through a reconciling component of electric rates as determined by the authority. Nothing in this section shall preclude the resale or other disposition of energy or associated renewable energy credits purchased by the electric distribution company, provided the distribution company shall net the cost of payments made to projects under the long-term contracts against the proceeds of the sale of energy or renewable energy credits and the difference shall be credited or charged to distribution customers through a reconciling component of electric rates as determined by the authority that is nonbypassable when switching electric suppliers.

(f) Failure by the electric distribution company to execute its approved solicitation plan shall result in a noncompliance fee. Unless, upon petition by the electric distribution company, the authority grants the distribution company an extension not to exceed ninety days to correct this deficiency, the electric distribution company shall be assessed a noncompliance fee one hundred twenty-five per cent of the difference between the annual distribution company expenditures required pursuant to subsection (c) of section 16-244r and the contractually committed expenditure for renewable energy credits from eligible zero emissions customer-sited generating projects in that year. The noncompliance fees associated with the procurement shortfall shall be collected by the distribution company, maintained in a separate interest-bearing account and disbursed to the department on a quarterly basis. Funds collected by the authority pursuant to this section shall be used to support the deployment of Class I zero emissions generating systems installed in the state with priority given to otherwise underserved market segments, including, but not limited to, low-income housing, schools and other public buildings and nonprofits. The authority may waive a noncompliance fee assessed pursuant to this section if the authority determines that meeting the requirements of this subsection would be commercially infeasible.

(g) Not later than sixty days after its approval of the distribution company procurement plans submitted on or before January 1, 2013, the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority shall submit a report to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to energy. The report shall document for each distribution company procurement plan: (1) The total number of renewable energy credits bid relative to the number of renewable energy credits requested by the distribution company; (2) the total number of bidders in each market segment; (3) the number and value of contracts awarded; (4) the total weighted average price of the renewable energy credits or energy so purchased; and (5) the extent to which the costs of the technology has been reduced. The authority shall not report individual bid information or other proprietary information.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-333e — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 289 / Section 16-333e
Sec. 16-333e. Credit or refund for interrupted service.
Status: in_force

(1) “Basic service” means all signals of domestic television broadcast stations provided to any subscriber, except a signal secondarily transmitted by satellite carrier beyond the local service area of such station, regardless of how such signal is ultimately received by the cable system, any public, educational, and governmental programming and any additional video programming signals or service added to the basic tier by the cable operator;

(2) “Cable programming service” means any video programming provided over a cable system, regardless of service tier, including installation or rental of equipment used for the receipt of such video programming, other than (A) video programming carried on the basic service tier as defined in this section, (B) video programming offered on a pay-per-channel or pay-per-program basis, or (C) a combination of multiple channels of pay-per-channel or pay-per-program video programming offered on a multiplexed or time-shifted basis as long as the combined service (i) consists of commonly-identified video programming, and (ii) is not bundled with any regulated tier of service;

(3) “Premium service” means pay-per-channel or pay-per-program services for which a subscriber pays a fee in addition to the fees for basic service and cable programming service; and

(4) “Video programming” means programming provided by, or generally considered comparable to programming provided by, a television broadcast station.

(b) If premium, cable programming or basic service to a subscriber is interrupted for more than twenty-four continuous hours, such subscriber shall receive a credit or refund from the community antenna television company in an amount that represents the proportionate share of such service not received in a billing period, provided such interruption is not caused by the subscriber.

(c) The Public Utilities Regulatory Authority shall adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, establishing a viewing time reliability standard for community antenna television companies and requiring such companies to file with the authority information on premium, cable programming and basic service interruptions not caused by subscribers. The authority shall approve a service interruption adjustment clause to be superimposed on the existing rate schedules of such companies. Such a clause shall provide for a credit or refund from a company to its subscribers if the level of service during a month falls below the company's reliability standard due to interruptions of twenty-four hours or less.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-256e — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-256e
Sec. 16-256e. Recorded telephone message devices prohibited. Blocking devices or services prohibited: Class A misdemeanor.
Status: in_force

(b) Any person who violates the provisions of subsection (a) of this section while intentionally using a blocking device or service to circumvent a telephone customer's use of a caller identification service or device shall be guilty of a class A misdemeanor.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-245 — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-245
Sec. 16-245. Licensing of electric suppliers. Customer assignment or transfer. Procedures. Penalties. Regulation of electric aggregators. Procedures. Penalties.
Status: in_force

(b) On and after January 1, 2000, no person, no municipality and no regional water authority shall sell or attempt to sell electric generation services to end use customers located in the state using the transmission or distribution facilities of an electric distribution company unless the person has been issued a license by the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority in accordance with the provisions of this section, provided an electric distribution company is not required to be licensed pursuant to this section to provide electric generation services pursuant to section 16-244c . On and after April 30, 2002, the MIRA Dissolution Authority shall not sell or attempt to sell electric generation services to end use customers located in the state using the transmission or distribution facilities of an electric distribution company unless the authority has been issued a license by the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority in accordance with the provisions of this section. Not later than January 1, 1999, the authority shall, by regulations adopted pursuant to chapter 54, develop licensing procedures. The licensing process shall begin not later than April 1, 1999.

(c) To ensure the safety and reliability of the supply of electricity in this state, the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority shall not issue a license unless the applicant can demonstrate to the satisfaction of the authority that the applicant has the technical, managerial and financial capability to provide electric generation services and provides and maintains a bond or other security in amount and form approved by the authority, to ensure its financial responsibility and its supply of electricity to end use customers in accordance with contracts, agreements or arrangements. A license shall be subject to periodic review on a schedule to be established by the authority.

(d) An application for a license shall be filed with the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority, accompanied by a fee pursuant to subsection (e) of this section. The application shall contain such information as the authority may deem relevant, including, but not limited to, the following: (1) The address of the applicant's headquarters and the articles of incorporation, as filed with the state in which the applicant is incorporated; (2) the address of the applicant's principal office in the state, if any, or the address of the applicant's agent for service in the state; (3) the toll-free telephone number for customer service; (4) information about the applicant's corporate structure, including names and financial statements, as appropriate, concerning corporate affiliates; (5) a disclosure of whether the applicant or any of the applicant's corporate affiliates or officers have been or are currently under investigation for violation of any consumer protection law or regulation to which it is subject, either in this state or in another state; (6) a copy of its standard service contract; and (7) a scope of service plan which sets forth, among other things, a description of the geographic area the applicant plans to serve.

(e) The application fee shall include the costs to investigate and administer the licensing procedure and shall be commensurate with the level of investigation necessary, as determined by regulations adopted by the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority.

(f) Not more than thirty days after receiving an application, the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority shall notify the applicant whether the application is complete or whether the applicant must submit additional information. The authority shall grant or deny a license application not more than ninety days after receiving all information required of an applicant. The authority shall hold a public hearing on an application upon the request of any interested party.

(g) As conditions of continued licensure, in addition to the requirements of subsection (c) of this section: (1) The licensee shall comply with the National Labor Relations Act and regulations, if applicable; (2) the licensee shall comply with the Connecticut Unfair Trade Practices Act and applicable regulations; (3) each generating facility operated by or under long-term contract to the licensee shall comply with chapter 277a, state environmental laws and regulations adopted by the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection, pursuant to section 22a-174j ; (4) the licensee shall comply with the renewable portfolio standards established in or pursuant to section 16-245a ; (5) the licensee shall be a member of the New England Power Pool or its successor or have a contractual relationship with one or more entities who are members of the New England Power Pool or its successor and the licensee shall comply with the rules of the regional independent system operator and standards and any other reliability guidelines of the regional independent systems operator; (6) the licensee shall agree to cooperate with the authority and other electric suppliers in the event of an emergency condition that may jeopardize the safety and reliability of electric service; (7) the licensee shall comply with the code of conduct established pursuant to section 16-244h ; (8) for a license to a participating municipal electric utility, the licensee shall provide open and nondiscriminatory access to its distribution facilities to other licensed electric suppliers; (9) the licensee or the entity or entities with whom the licensee has a contractual relationship to purchase power shall be in compliance with all applicable licensing requirements of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission; (10) the licensee shall offer a time-of-use price option to customers. Such option shall include a two-part price that is designed to achieve an overall minimization of customer bills by encouraging the reduction of consumption during the most energy intense hours of the day. The licensee shall file its time-of-use rates with the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority; (11) the licensee shall acknowledge that it is subject to chapters 208, 212, 212a and 219, as applicable, and the licensee shall pay all taxes it is subject to in this state; (12) the licensee shall make available to the authority for posting on the authority's Internet web site and shall list on the licensee's own Internet web site, on a monthly basis, the highest and lowest electric generation service rate charged by the licensee as part of a variable rate offer in each of the preceding twelve months to any customer with a peak demand of less than fifty kilowatts, cumulated of all such customer's meters, during a twelve-month period; and (13) any contract between a licensee and a residential customer eligible for standard service entered into on and after July 1, 2014, shall provide for the same electric generation service rate that may not be exceeded for at least the first three billing cycles of the contract, provided the licensee may decrease such rate at any time. Also as a condition of licensure, the authority shall prohibit each licensee from declining to provide service to customers for the reason that the customers are located in economically distressed areas. The authority may establish additional reasonable conditions to assure that all retail customers will continue to have access to electric generation services.

(h) The authority shall maintain regular communications with the regional independent system operator to effectuate the provisions of this section and to ensure that an adequate, safe and reliable supply of electricity is available.

(i) Each licensee shall, at such times as the authority requires but not less than annually, submit to the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority, on a form prescribed by the authority, an update of information the authority deems relevant. Each licensee shall notify the authority at least ten days before: (1) A change in corporate structure that affects the licensee; (2) a change in the scope of service, as provided in the licensee's scope of service plan submitted to the authority as part of the application process; and (3) any other change the authority deems relevant.

(j) No license may be transferred, and no customer may be assigned or transferred, without the prior approval of the authority. Notice of such assignment or transfer shall be provided to the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority at least thirty days prior to the effective date of the assignment or transfer of a customer from one electric supplier to another electric supplier. The authority may, upon its review of such notice, require certain conditions or deny assignment or transfer of such customer. Customer assignment or transfer shall be approved, modified or denied by the authority within thirty business days of the authority's receipt of such notice from the electric supplier, unless the authority and electric supplier agree to a specified extension of time, or such assignment or transfer is deemed approved. The authority may assess additional licensing fees to pay the administrative costs of reviewing a request for such transfer.

(k) Any licensee who fails to comply with a license condition or who violates any provision of this section, except for the renewable portfolio standards contained in subsection (g) of this section, shall be subject to civil penalties by the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority in accordance with section 16-41 , including direction that a portion of the civil penalty be paid to a nonprofit agency engaged in energy assistance programs named by the authority in its decision or notice of violation, the suspension or revocation of such license and a prohibition on accepting new customers following a hearing that is conducted as a contested case in accordance with chapter 54. Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (b) of section 16-244c regarding an alternative transitional standard offer option or an alternative standard service option, the authority shall require a payment by a licensee that fails to comply with the renewable portfolio standards in accordance with subdivision (4) of subsection (g) of this section in the amount of: (1) For calendar years up to and including calendar year 2017, five and one-half cents per kilowatt hour, (2) for calendar years commencing on January 1, 2018, and up to and including the calendar year commencing on January 1, 2020, five and one-half cents per kilowatt hour if the licensee fails to comply with the renewable portfolio standards during the subject annual period for Class I renewable energy sources, and two and one-half cents per kilowatt hour if the licensee fails to comply with the renewable portfolio standards during the subject annual period for Class II renewable energy sources, and (3) for calendar years commencing on and after January 1, 2021, four cents per kilowatt hour if the licensee fails to comply with the renewable portfolio standards during the subject annual period for Class I renewable energy sources, and two and one-half cents per kilowatt hour if the licensee fails to comply with the renewable portfolio standards during the subject annual period for Class II renewable energy sources. On or before December 31, 2013, the authority shall issue a decision, following an uncontested proceeding, on whether any licensee has failed to comply with the renewable portfolio standards for calendar years up to and including 2012, for which a decision has not already been issued. On and after June 5, 2013, the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority shall annually conduct an uncontested proceeding in order to determine whether any licensee has failed to comply with the renewable portfolio standards during the preceding year. Not later than December 31, 2014, and annually thereafter, the authority shall, following such proceeding, issue a decision as to whether the licensee has failed to comply with the renewable portfolio standards during the preceding year. The authority shall allocate such payment to the Clean Energy Fund for the development of Class I renewable energy sources, provided, on and after June 5, 2013, any such payment shall be refunded to ratepayers by using such payment to offset the costs to all customers of electric distribution companies of the costs of contracts and tariffs entered into pursuant to sections 16-244r , 16-244t and section 16-244z , except that, on and after January 1, 2023, any such payment that is attributable to a failure to comply with the Class II renewable portfolio standards shall be deposited in the sustainable materials management account established pursuant to section 16-244bb . Any excess amount remaining from such payment shall be applied to reduce the costs of contracts entered into pursuant to subdivision (2) of subsection (j) of section 16-244c , and if any excess amount remains, such amount shall be applied to reduce costs collected through nonbypassable, federally mandated congestion charges, as defined in section 16-1 .

(l) (1) An electric aggregator shall not be subject to the provisions of subsections (a) to (k), inclusive, of this section.

(2) No electric aggregator shall negotiate a contract for the purchase of electric generation services from an electric supplier unless such aggregator has (A) obtained a certificate of registration from the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority in accordance with this subsection, or (B) in the case of a municipality, regional water authority and the MIRA Dissolution Authority, registered in accordance with section 16-245b . An electric aggregator that was licensed pursuant to this section prior to July 1, 2003, shall receive a certificate of registration on July 1, 2003.

(3) An application for a certificate of registration shall be filed with the authority, accompanied by a fee as determined by the authority. The application shall contain such information as the authority may deem relevant, including, but not limited to, the following: (A) The address of the applicant's headquarters and the articles of incorporation, if applicable, as filed with the state in which the applicant is incorporated; (B) the address of the applicant's principal office in the state, if any, or the address of the applicant's agent for service in the state; (C) the toll-free or in-state telephone number of the applicant; (D) information about the applicant's corporate structure, if applicable, including financial names and financial statements, as relevant, concerning corporate affiliates; (E) disclosure of whether the applicant or any of the applicant's corporate affiliates or officers, if applicable, have been or are currently under investigation for violation of any consumer protection law or regulation to which it is subject, either in this state or in another state. Each registered electric aggregator shall update the information contained in this subdivision as necessary.

(4) Not more than thirty days after receiving an application for a certificate of registration, the authority shall notify the applicant whether the application is complete or whether the applicant must submit additional information. The authority shall grant or deny the application for a certificate of registration not more than ninety days after receiving all information required of an applicant. The authority shall hold a public hearing on an application upon the request of any interested party.

(5) As a condition for maintaining a certificate of registration, the registered electric aggregator shall ensure that, where applicable, it complies with the National Labor Relations Act and regulations, if applicable, and it complies with the Connecticut Unfair Trade Practices Act and applicable regulations.

(6) Any registered electric aggregator that fails to comply with a registration condition or violates any provision of this section shall be subject to civil penalties by the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority in accordance with the procedures contained in section 16-41 , or the suspension or revocation of such registration, or a prohibition on accepting new customers following a hearing that is conducted as a contested case in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54.

Cited. 145 C. 243.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-338 — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 290 / Section 16-338
Sec. 16-338. Bonds authorized or issued prior to July 1, 1974. Legal investments, tax-exempt.
Status: in_force

Discussed. 164 C. 299.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-19e — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 277 / Section 16-19e
Sec. 16-19e. Guidelines for transfer of assets and franchises, plant expansion, internal utility management and rate structures. Public hearing. Policy coordination among state agencies. Parties to rate proceeding.
Status: in_force

(b) The Public Utilities Regulatory Authority shall promptly undertake a separate, general investigation of, and shall hold at least one public hearing on new pricing principles and rate structures for electric distribution companies and for gas companies to consider, without limitation, long run incremental cost of marginal cost pricing, peak load or time of day pricing and proposals for optimizing the utilization of energy and restraining its wasteful use and encouraging energy conservation, and any other matter with respect to pricing principles and rate structures as the authority shall deem appropriate. The authority shall determine whether existing or future rate structures place an undue burden upon those persons of poverty status and shall make such adjustment in the rate structure as is necessary or desirable to take account of their indigency. The authority shall require the utilization of such new principles and structures to the extent that the authority determines that their implementation is in the public interest, as identified by the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection in the Integrated Resources Plan and the Comprehensive Energy Strategy, and necessary or desirable to accomplish the purposes of this provision without being unfair or discriminatory or unduly burdensome or disruptive to any group or class of customers, and determines that such principles and structures are capable of yielding required revenues. In reviewing the rates and rate structures of electric and gas companies, the authority shall be guided by the goals of the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection, as described in section 22a-2d , the Comprehensive Energy Strategy, the Integrated Resources Plan and the Conservation and Load Management Plan. The authority shall issue its initial findings on such investigation by December 1, 1976, and its final findings and order by June 1, 1977; provided that after such final findings and order are issued, the authority shall at least once every two years undertake such further investigations as it deems appropriate with respect to new developments or desirable modifications in pricing principles and rate structures and, after holding at least one public hearing thereon, shall issue its findings and order thereon.

(c) The Department of Energy and Environmental Protection shall coordinate and integrate its actions, decisions and policies pertaining to gas and electric distribution companies, so far as possible, with the actions, decisions and policies of other agencies and instrumentalities in order to further the development and optimum use of the state's energy resources and conform to the greatest practicable extent with the state energy policy as stated in section 16a-35k , the Comprehensive Energy Strategy and the Integrated Resources Plan taking into account prudent management of the natural environment and continued promotion of economic development within the state. The department shall defer, as appropriate, to any actions taken by other agencies and instrumentalities on matters within their respective jurisdictions.

(d) The Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection, the Commissioner of Economic and Community Development, and the Connecticut Siting Council may be made parties to each proceeding on a rate amendment proposed by a gas or electric distribution company and shall participate in such proceedings to the extent necessary.

(e) The Public Utilities Regulatory Authority, in a proceeding on a rate amendment proposed by an electric distribution company based upon an alleged need for increased revenues to finance an expansion of the capacity of its electric distribution system, shall determine whether demand-side management would be more cost-effective in meeting any demand for electricity for which the increase in capacity is proposed.

(f) The provisions of this section shall not apply to the regulation of a telecommunications service which is a competitive service, as defined in section 16-247a , or to a telecommunications service to which an approved plan for an alternative form of regulation applies, pursuant to section 16-247k .

(g) The authority may, upon application of any gas or electric public service company, which has, as part of its existing rate plan, an earnings sharing mechanism, modify such rate plan to allow the gas or electric public service company, after a hearing that is conducted as a contested case, in accordance with chapter 54, to include in its rates the reasonable costs of security of assets, facilities, and equipment, both existing and foreseeable, that are incurred solely for the purpose of responding to security needs associated with the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and the continuing war on terrorism.

Cited. 174 C. 258; 176 C. 191; 216 C. 627; 219 C. 51; Id., 121; 234 C. 624.

Cited. 40 CS 520.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-333 — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 289 / Section 16-333
Sec. 16-333. Regulations: Safety of operations, facility construction, system installation, community access channel, personal privacy protections, carriage of television broadcast signals, subscriber inquiries and complaints.
Status: in_force

(b) The Public Utilities Regulatory Authority shall adopt regulations in accordance with chapter 54 to: (1) Establish minimum construction and extension requirements for underground community antenna television facilities in areas where underground facilities of other public utilities already exist; (2) establish technical standards of performance for the installation of community antenna television systems, including standards for the drilling of holes and the location of such holes in buildings to be served.

(c) The Public Utilities Regulatory Authority shall adopt regulations in accordance with chapter 54 requiring each community antenna television company to maintain at least one specially designated, noncommercial community access channel available to the public and establishing minimum standards for the equipment supplied by such company for the community access programming and requirements concerning the availability and operation of such channel.

(d) The authority shall, not later than March 1, 1984, adopt regulations in accordance with chapter 54 (1) establishing personal privacy protections for community antenna television subscribers, including, but not limited to, standards for the types of individually identifiable data that a community antenna television company may collect on its subscribers, (2) requiring each such company to notify each of its subscribers of such privacy protections, and (3) prohibiting each company from disclosing such data without the prior approval of the subscriber. The authority shall incorporate the provisions of such regulations in each new or existing certificate of public convenience and necessity issued under section 16-331 .

(e) The Public Utilities Regulatory Authority shall adopt regulations in accordance with chapter 54 incorporating the provisions of Subpart D of 47 CFR 76 in effect on January 1, 1983, and applying to community antenna television companies.

(f) The Public Utilities Regulatory Authority shall adopt regulations (1) establishing procedures to be followed by community antenna television companies in responding to subscriber inquiries and complaints, and (2) establishing standards, based on the number of subscriber complaints to the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority concerning service provided by a community antenna television company, under which the authority shall impose civil penalties on the company or initiate proceedings for the revocation of the company's franchise, provided nothing herein shall limit the authority of the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority under sections 16-10a and 16-41 .

(g) The standards and procedures adopted pursuant to this section, subsection (d) of section 16-331 , section 16-333f , subsection (a) of section 16-333i and sections 16-333k to 16-333m , inclusive, shall be minimum standards of performance for community antenna television companies and the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority may adopt regulations in accordance with chapter 54 establishing higher standards of performance.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-41 — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 277 / Section 16-41
Sec. 16-41. Imposition of civil penalties by authority.
Status: in_force

(b) Any regional water authority, any regional water district, any municipal gas or electric plant established under chapter 101, any municipal waterworks system established under chapter 102, or any other municipality or department thereof owning, leasing, operating or managing a plant for the supplying or furnishing of any public utility, which the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority finds has failed to comply with the procedures of section 16-29 , shall be subject to a civil penalty of not more than five thousand dollars for any annual report which is not submitted or submitted late in violation of said section.

(c) If the authority has reason to believe that a violation has occurred for which a civil penalty is authorized by subsection (a) or (b) of this section, it shall notify the alleged violator by certified mail, return receipt requested, or by personal service. The notice shall include:

(1) A reference to the sections of the title, regulation or order involved;

(2) A short and plain statement of the matter asserted or charged;

(3) A statement of the prescribed civil penalty for the violation; and

(4) A statement of the person's right to a hearing.

(d) The person to whom the notice is addressed shall have twenty days from the date of receipt of the notice in which to deliver to the authority a written application for a hearing. If a hearing is requested, then, after a hearing and upon a finding that a violation has occurred, the authority may issue a final order assessing a civil penalty under this section which shall not be greater than the maximum penalty permitted by law. If a hearing is not requested, or if such a request is later withdrawn, then the notice shall, on the first day after the expiration of the twenty-day period or on the first day after the withdrawal of the request for hearing, whichever is later, become a final order of the authority and the matters asserted or charged in the notice shall be deemed admitted, unless the notice is modified by a consent order before it becomes a final order. A consent order shall be deemed a final order.

(e) All hearings under this section shall be conducted under sections 4-176e to 4-184 , inclusive. The final order of the authority assessing a civil penalty shall be subject to appeal under section 4-183 . No challenge to any final order of the authority assessing a civil penalty shall be allowed as to any issue which could have been raised by an appeal of an earlier order of the authority. Any civil penalty authorized by this section shall become due and payable (1) at the time of receipt of a final order in the case of a civil penalty assessed in such order after a hearing, (2) on the first day after the expiration of the period in which a hearing may be requested if no hearing is requested, or (3) on the first day after the withdrawal of a request for hearing.

(f) A civil penalty assessed in a final order of the authority under this section may be enforced in the same manner as a judgment of the Superior Court. The final order shall be delivered to the respondent by personal service or by certified mail, return receipt requested. After entry of such final order, the authority may file a transcript without the payment of costs, in the office of the clerk of the superior court in the judicial district in which the respondent resides, has a place of business, owns real property, or in which any real property which is the subject of the proceedings is located or, if the respondent is not a resident of the state of Connecticut, in the judicial district of Hartford. Upon the filing, the clerk shall docket the order in the same manner and with the same effect as a judgment entered in the superior court within the judicial district. Upon the docketing, the order may be enforced as a judgment of the court.

Cited. 176 C. 191.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16a-46m — Connecticut Code / Title 16a / Chapter 298 / Section 16a-46m
Sec. 16a-46m. Energy efficiency retrofit grant program for affordable housing. Applications. Report.
Status: in_force

(b) The Department of Energy and Environmental Protection shall develop standards for the energy efficiency retrofit grant program. The department may consult with other state agencies, quasi-public agencies and housing authorities, and shall consider the energy performance standards developed pursuant to section 16a-38 , in establishing the standards for the grant program. The department may coordinate with other state agencies, quasi-public agencies and housing authorities to implement the grant program in conjunction with other existing state programs that have the purpose of installing or otherwise assisting state residents to obtain the upgrades set forth in subsection (a) of this section. The department may retain consultants with expertise in energy efficiency retrofit programs or distributed energy programs, or both, for assistance with its development or administration of the grant program.

(c) A grant applicant shall submit an application to the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection on forms prescribed by the commissioner, which shall include, but not be limited to: (1) A description of the proposed project; (2) an explanation of the expected benefits of the project in relation to the purposes of this section; (3) information concerning the financial and technical capacity of the applicant to undertake the proposed project; (4) a project budget; and (5) any other information deemed necessary by the commissioner. The commissioner shall prioritize grants to applicants who (A) use the services of local contractors who pay the prevailing wage and who make good faith efforts to hire, or cause to be hired, available and qualified minority business enterprises, as defined in section 4a-60g , and (B) upgrade affordable housing or dwelling units for households that include an individual who qualifies for utility financial hardship programs or who receives means-tested assistance administered by the state or federal government.

(d) Not later than January 1, 2023, and annually thereafter, the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection shall submit a report, in accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a , to the joint standing committees of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to energy and technology and housing. Such report shall include the standards developed pursuant to subsection (b) of this section, an analysis of the scope of residences able to be served by the grant program and proposed goals for the annual percentage of affordable housing units that can be served by the program.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-247g — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-247g
Sec. 16-247g. Certificate of public convenience and necessity for intrastate telecommunications services: Application, requirements, suspension, revocation. Fees. Obligation to serve.
Status: in_force

(2) Any person may object to a fee charged pursuant to this section by filing with the authority, not later than thirty days after the fee was charged, a petition stating the amount of the fee charged to which it objects and the grounds upon which it claims such fee is excessive, erroneous, unlawful or invalid. Upon the request of the person filing the petition, the authority shall hold a hearing. After reviewing the petition and testimony, if any, the authority shall issue its order in accordance with its findings. The person shall pay the authority the amount indicated in the order not later than thirty days after the date of the order.

(b) A certified telecommunications provider may petition the authority to expand the authority granted in its certificate of public convenience and necessity to the provision of a previously-authorized service in an additional service area or to the provision of a service not previously authorized, or to both. Such petition shall include such information as the authority shall require by regulations adopted pursuant to chapter 54. The authority may expand the authority granted in such a certificate and may, as a precondition to such expansion, require a petitioner to procure a performance bond sufficient to cover moneys due or to become due to other telecommunications companies for the provision of access to local telecommunications networks, to protect any advances or deposits it may collect from its customers if the authority does not order that such advances or deposits be held in escrow or trust, and to otherwise protect customers. Following receipt of such petition, the authority may, on petition or its own motion, hold a hearing with notice to all interested parties, after which the authority may approve or deny the application.

(c) The authority may certify an applicant if the applicant: (1) Provides the information requested by the authority pursuant to the provisions of sections 16-247f to 16-247h , inclusive, and section 16-247j ; (2) provides a performance bond or complies with escrow or trust requirements, if required by the authority; (3) provides a fee, if required by this section; and (4) possesses and demonstrates adequate financial resources, managerial ability and technical competency to provide the proposed service.

(d) Any certified telecommunications provider and any telephone company shall (1) maintain its accounts in such manner as the authority shall require; (2) file financial reports at such times and in such form as the authority shall prescribe; (3) file with the authority such current descriptions of services and listings of rates and charges as it may require; (4) cooperate with the authority in its investigations of consumer complaints and comply with any resulting orders; (5) comply with standards established pursuant to section 16-247p ; and (6) comply with additional requirements as the authority shall prescribe by regulation.

(e) Except as provided in subsection (f) of this section, on or after July 1, 2001, each certified telecommunications provider shall, within a period of time the authority determines is reasonable after said provider is certified, be obligated to serve a residential or business customer in its authorized area of operation who is seeking from said provider telecommunications services that are provided by said provider.

(f) Any community antenna television company that is a certified telecommunications provider or an affiliate of a community antenna television company that is a certified telecommunications provider and that provides telecommunications services shall be obligated to serve all residential and business customers seeking local exchange service in its entire franchise area in which said company provides community antenna television services pursuant to section 16-331 . Notwithstanding the provisions of this section, the authority shall not require any such company to provide local exchange service outside of its franchise area. If, however, any such company elects to provide local exchange service to customers outside its franchise area, such company shall be subject to all geographic service requirements established by the authority.

(g) Notwithstanding any decision of the authority to allow the competitive provision of a telecommunications service or to grant a certificate pursuant to this section, the authority, after holding a hearing with notice to all interested parties and determining that (1) continued competitive provision of a telecommunications service would be contrary to the goals set forth in section 16-247a , or would not be in accordance with the provisions of sections 16-247a to 16-247c , inclusive, section 16-247e or 16-247f , this section, or section 16-247h or 16-247k , (2) a certified telecommunications provider does not have adequate financial resources, managerial ability or technical competency to provide the service, or (3) a certified telecommunications provider has failed to comply with an applicable order made or regulation adopted by the authority, may suspend or revoke the authorization to provide said telecommunications service or take any other action it deems appropriate. In determining whether to suspend or revoke such authorization, the authority shall consider, without limitation, (A) the effect of such suspension or revocation on the customers of the telecommunications service, (B) the technical feasibility of suspending or revoking the authorized usage only on an intrastate basis, and (C) the financial impact of such suspension or revocation on the provider of the telecommunications service.

(h) The authority shall remit all fees collected under this section to the State Treasurer for deposit in the Consumer Counsel and Public Utility Control Fund established in section 16-48a .

(i) On October first, annually, the authority shall submit to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to energy and technology a report of all fees collected pursuant to this section during the preceding fiscal year.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-19ww — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 277 / Section 16-19ww
Sec. 16-19ww. Natural gas infrastructure expansion plan. Hurdle rate; rate for new customers added pursuant to the plan; rate mechanism for gas companies to recover prudent investments made pursuant to the plan outside a rate proceeding; assignment of nonfirm margin credit.
Status: in_force

(b) Not later than thirty days after the natural gas infrastructure expansion plan is submitted to the commissioner pursuant to subsection (a) of this section, the commissioner shall review the plan and issue a preliminary determination as to whether the plan is consistent with the goals of the Comprehensive Energy Strategy.

(c) In the event that the commissioner determines that the plan is consistent with the Comprehensive Energy Strategy pursuant to subsection (b) of this section, the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority shall, in a contested proceeding during which the authority shall hold a public hearing, approve or modify the plan not later than one hundred twenty days after such plan is submitted to the authority.

(d) In reviewing the natural gas infrastructure expansion plan pursuant to subsection (c) of this section, in order to protect the interests of ratepayers and ensure revenue recovery for gas companies, and consistent with the recommendations of the Comprehensive Energy Strategy, the authority shall, in accordance with section 16-19oo , (1) establish a hurdle rate utilizing a twenty-five-year payback period to compare the revenue requirement of connecting new customers to the gas distribution system to determine the level of new business capital expenditures that will be recoverable through rates, taking into consideration any nonfirm margin credits pursuant to subparagraph (B) of subdivision (4) of this subsection that will offset the expansion costs of the gas companies, provided the authority shall develop a methodology that reasonably accounts for revenues that would be collected from new customers who signaled an intention to switch to natural gas over a period of at least three years within a common geographic location, (2) establish a new rate for new customers added pursuant to the natural gas infrastructure expansion plan to offset incremental costs of expanding natural gas infrastructure pursuant to such plan, (3) establish a rate mechanism for the gas companies to recover prudent investments made pursuant to the approved natural gas infrastructure expansion plan in a timely manner outside of a rate proceeding, provided such mechanism shall take into consideration the additional revenues that the gas companies will generate through implementation of such plan, and (4) notwithstanding the provisions of section 16-19b , effective for the period of the natural gas expansion plan, (A) assign at least half of the nonfirm margin credit to be credited to ratepayers of the gas companies through a purchased gas adjustment clause established pursuant to section 16-19b , and (B) assign the lesser of (i) an amount equal to half of the nonfirm margin credit, or (ii) an amount equal to fifteen million dollars from the nonfirm margin credit annually for all gas companies in the aggregate, apportioned to each gas company in proportion to revenues of the existing and new capacity contracted for by each gas company, to offset expansion costs, including, but not limited to, the costs of adding new state, municipal, residential, commercial and industrial customers.

(e) On or before June 15, 2014, and annually thereafter for a period of nine years, the gas companies shall jointly report to the commissioner and the authority the status and progress of such implementation. Such report shall include, but not be limited to (1) the number of customers added over the previous year, (2) a comparison of actual expenditures to estimated expenditures for the previous year, (3) a forecast of new customers and expenditures for the upcoming year, and (4) any additional information that either the authority or the commissioner deems appropriate.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16a-4c — Connecticut Code / Title 16a / Chapter 295 / Section 16a-4c
Sec. 16a-4c. Redesignation of planning regions by the secretary. Procedure. Voluntary consolidation.
Status: in_force

(b) Any two or more contiguous planning regions that contain a total of fourteen or more municipalities and voluntarily consolidate to form a single planning region shall be exempt from redesignation pursuant to subsection (a) of this section, provided the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management formally redesignates such planning regions prior to January 1, 2014. The secretary may, in his or her discretion, waive the requirement that such redesignated planning region contain a total of fourteen or more municipalities.

(c) (1) The secretary shall, not later than January 1, 2014, notify the chief executive officer of each municipality located in a planning region in which the boundaries are proposed for redesignation. If the legislative body of the municipality objects to such proposed redesignation, the chief executive officer of the municipality may, not later than thirty days after the date of receipt of the notice of redesignation, petition the secretary to attend a meeting of such legislative body. The petition shall specify the location, date and time of the meeting. The meeting shall be held not later than sixty days after the date of the petition. The secretary shall make a reasonable attempt to appear at the meeting, or at a meeting on another date within the sixty-day period. If the secretary is unable to attend a meeting within the sixty-day period, the secretary and the chief executive officer of the municipality shall jointly schedule a date and time for the meeting, provided such meeting shall be held not later than two hundred ten days after the date of the notice to the chief executive officer. At such meeting, the legislative body of the municipality shall inform the secretary of the objections to the proposed redesignation of the planning area boundaries. The secretary shall consider fully the oral and written objections of the legislative body and may redesignate the boundaries. Not later than sixty days after the date of the meeting, the secretary shall notify the chief executive officer of the determination concerning the proposed redesignation. The notice of determination shall include the reasons for such determination. As used in this subsection, “municipality” means a town, city or consolidated town and borough; “legislative body” means the board of selectmen, town council, city council, board of alderman, board of directors, board of representatives or board of the warden and burgesses of a municipality; and “secretary” means the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management or the designee of the secretary.

(2) Any revision to the boundaries of a planning area, based on the analysis completed pursuant to subsection (a) of this section or due to a modification by the secretary in accordance with this subsection, shall be effective on January 1, 2015.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-331j — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 289 / Section 16-331j
Sec. 16-331j. Video service provider offerings, charges, privacy policy, billing and billing disputes.
Status: in_force

(b) Consistent with the provisions of 47 USC 551, at the time of entering into an agreement to provide video service to a subscriber, a certified competitive video service provider shall inform the subscriber of the provider's practices regarding the collection and use of personally identifiable customer information, including (1) the type of information collected, (2) the purposes for which it is used, (3) the extent and manner in which it is shared with unaffiliated third parties for purposes of enabling delivery of video service, and (4) the procedures in place to ensure the subscriber's right to privacy. A certified competitive video service provider shall not disclose personally identifiable customer information other than anonymous or aggregate data to unaffiliated third parties for their own marketing purposes without the consent of the subscriber.

(c) A certified competitive video service provider shall implement an informal process for handling Public Utilities Regulatory Authority and customer inquiries, billing issues, service issues and other complaints. In the event an issue is not resolved through such informal process, a customer may request of the authority a confidential, nonbinding mediation with the competitive video service provider, and a designated member of the authority staff shall serve as the mediator. If the mediation is unsuccessful, the customer may file a formal complaint with the authority. The authority's sole jurisdiction over the complaint is to determine if the certified competitive video service provider is in compliance with sections 16-331f to 16-331n , inclusive. If the provider is found to be in noncompliance, the authority shall order the certified competitive video service provider to cure such noncompliance within a reasonable period of time. Failure to comply may subject the certified competitive video service provider to civil penalties and revocation of the certificate, as provided in section 16-331o .

(d) A certified competitive video service provider shall comply with the customer service requirements of 47 CFR 76.309(c) for its video services. A company issued a certificate of video franchise authority shall not be subject to any other state law or regulation or authority order to the extent it imposes customer service requirements in excess of or more stringent than 47 CFR 76.309(c).
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-262h — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-262h
Sec. 16-262h. Nonexclusivity of remedy.
Status: in_force

Cited. 183 C. 85.

Cited. 12 CA 499; 25 CA 226.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-247u — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-247u
Sec. 16-247u. Unauthorized procurement and sale of telephone records. Definitions. Exclusions. Telephone company protection of records. Penalties. Unfair trade practice.
Status: in_force

(1) “Telephone record” means information retained by a telephone company that relates to a telephone number dialed by a customer or another person using the customer's telephone with such customer's permission, or the incoming number of a call directed to a customer or another person using the customer's telephone with such customer's permission, or other data related to such call typically contained on a customer's telephone bill, including, but not limited to, the time the call started and ended, the duration of the call, the time the call was made and any charges applied. A telephone record does not include information collected and retained by or on behalf of a customer utilizing caller identification or similar technology;

(2) “Telephone company” means any person that provides commercial telephone services to a customer, irrespective of the communications technology used to provide such service, including, but not limited to, traditional wireline or cable telephone service, cellular, broadband PCS or other wireless telephone service, microwave, satellite or other terrestrial telephone service, and voice over Internet telephone service;

(3) “Telephone” means any device used by a person for voice communications, in connection with the services of a telephone company, whether such voice communications are transmitted in analog, data or any other form;

(4) “Customer” means the person who subscribes to telephone service from a telephone company or the person in whose name such telephone service is listed;

(5) “Person” means any individual, partnership, corporation, limited liability company, trust, estate, cooperative association or other entity;

(6) “Procure” in regard to a telephone record, means to obtain by any means, whether electronically, in writing or in oral form, with or without consideration.

(b) No person shall: (1) Knowingly procure, attempt to procure, solicit or conspire with another to procure a telephone record of any resident of this state without the authorization of the customer to whom the record pertains, (2) knowingly sell or attempt to sell a telephone record of any resident of this state without the authorization of the customer to whom the record pertains, or (3) receive a telephone record of any resident of this state with the knowledge such record has been obtained without the authorization of the customer to whom the record pertains or by fraudulent, deceptive or false means.

(c) The provisions of this section shall not apply to any person acting pursuant to a valid court order, warrant or subpoena and shall not be construed to prevent any action by a law enforcement agency, or any officer, employee or agent of such agency, to obtain telephone records in connection with the performance of the official duties of the agency.

(d) The provisions of this section shall not be construed to prohibit a telephone company from obtaining, using, disclosing or permitting access to any telephone record, either directly or indirectly through its agents (1) as otherwise authorized by law, (2) with the lawful consent of the customer, (3) as may be necessarily incident to the rendition of the service, including, but not limited to, initiating, rendering, billing and collecting customer charges, or to the protection of the rights or property of the telephone company, or to protect the customer of those services and other carriers from fraudulent, abusive or unlawful use of or subscription to, such services, (4) to a governmental entity, if the telephone company reasonably believes that an emergency involving immediate danger of death or serious physical injury to any person justifies disclosure of the information, or (5) to the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, in connection with a report submitted thereto under Section 227 of the Victims of Child Abuse Act of 1990.

(e) The provisions of this section shall not be construed to expand upon the obligations and duties of any telephone company to protect telephone records beyond those otherwise established by federal or state law, including, but not limited to, provisions governing customer proprietary network information in Section 222 of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended, and 47 USC 222.

(f) The provisions of this section shall not apply to a telephone company and its agents or representatives who act reasonably and in good faith pursuant to this section.

(g) Each telephone company that maintains telephone records of a resident of this state shall establish reasonable procedures to protect against unauthorized or fraudulent disclosure of such records which could result in substantial harm or inconvenience to any customer. For purposes of this subsection, a telephone company's procedures shall be deemed reasonable if the telephone company complies with the provisions governing customer proprietary network information in Section 222 of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended, and 47 USC 222.

(h) Any violation of subsection (b) of this section: (1) Involving a single telephone record of a resident of this state shall be a class C misdemeanor, (2) involving two to not more than ten telephone records of a resident of this state shall be a class B misdemeanor, and (3) involving more than ten telephone records of a resident of this state shall be a class A misdemeanor.

(i) Any violation of subsection (b) of this section shall be deemed an unfair or deceptive trade act or practice under subsection (a) of section 42-110b .
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-222 — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 282 / Section 16-222
Sec. 16-222. Accounts. Trustee may complete foreclosure.
Status: in_force

Trustee represents all bondholders, and they need not be given personal notice of judicial proceedings. 53 C. 349.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-243w — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-243w
Sec. 16-243w. Advanced metering system plan and deployment.
Status: in_force

(b) Each plan to implement an advanced metering system developed pursuant to subsection (a) of this section shall outline an implementation schedule whereby meters and any network necessary to support such meters are fully deployed on or before January 1, 2009. On or after January 1, 2009, any customer may obtain a meter on demand.

(c) The cost of the advanced metering system, including, but not limited to, the meters, the network to support the meters, software and vendor costs to obtain the required information from the metering system and administrative, installation, operation maintenance costs, shall be borne by the electric distribution company and shall be recoverable in rates. Any unrecovered cost of the current metering system shall continue to be reflected in rates.

(d) Not later than six months after June 4, 2007, electric distribution companies, competitive electric suppliers and aggregators shall offer time-of-use pricing options to all customer classes. These pricing options shall include, but not be limited to, hourly and real-time pricing options.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-259a — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-259a
Sec. 16-259a. Inaccurate billing. Financial liability of customer. Payment plan.
Status: in_force

(b) Any such electric distribution, gas or water company or electric supplier which inaccurately bills a retail customer for service may bill or otherwise hold the customer financially liable for not more than one year after the customer receives such service, unless a delayed bill for the service (1) would deprive the customer of the opportunity to apply for or receive energy assistance or (2) is the result of the customer's meter erroneously registering another customer's consumption, in which case the company may not bill or otherwise hold the customer liable for the service provided to another customer.

(c) No telephone company or certified telecommunications provider that inaccurately bills a retail customer for service may bill or otherwise hold the customer financially liable for more than two years or the time provided in federal law, whichever is longer, after the customer receives such service, unless the customer, either alone or with a person other than an employee of the telephone company or certified telecommunications provider by an affirmative act, is responsible for the inaccurate billing.

(d) Any company, electric supplier or certified telecommunications provider that holds a customer financially liable under subsection (a), (b) or (c) of this section shall establish a payment plan which prorates all arrearages for service the customer owes over a period of time that is no shorter than the period for which the customer is being held financially liable by such company, electric supplier or certified telecommunications provider. The payment plan shall provide that no payment charged to a customer under such plan shall exceed fifty per cent of the average amount that the company charged such customer for each billing period over the previous twelvemonth period for services received during that period. Notwithstanding the provisions of this subsection, a company, electric supplier or certified telecommunications provider may require immediate payment of the full amount due under subsection (a), (b) or (c) of this section if such customer fails to make timely payments in accordance with the payment plan established by such company, electric supplier or certified telecommunications provider.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16a-4d — Connecticut Code / Title 16a / Chapter 295 / Section 16a-4d
Sec. 16a-4d. State agency energy conservation, energy efficiency or renewable energy technology test programs.
Status: in_force

(b) (1) The Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection shall administer pilot test programs at state agencies for the use of technologies, products or processes that promote energy conservation, energy efficiency or renewable energy. The purpose of such test programs shall be to validate the effectiveness of such technologies, products or processes in reducing energy usage and costs or reducing dependence on fossil fuels or greenhouse gas emissions.

(2) Applicants interested in participating in such program shall submit an application to the commissioner on forms prescribed by the commissioner. The commissioner shall review such application for completeness within thirty days of receiving such application. The commissioner shall make a determination on whether the application meets the requirements of this section within ninety days of receiving such application.

(c) (1) The Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection may direct a state agency to test any such technology, product or process identified by the commissioner. Alternatively, the commissioner of a state agency may file a request with the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection for approval to test any such technology, product or process identified by such state agency commissioner. Not later than thirty days after receipt of any such request, the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection shall evaluate the technology, product or process and approve or disapprove the state agency commissioner's request. A state agency that is directed to test, or receives approval to test, any such technology, product or process shall use it in the operations of such agency on a trial basis as prescribed by the commissioner.

(2) No agency shall undertake such testing of any technology, product or process unless the business manufacturing or marketing the technology, product or process demonstrates that (A) the use of such technology, product or process by the state agency will not adversely affect safety, (B) a certified independent third party or accredited laboratory has found that the technology, product or process reduces energy consumption and cost, and (C) the technology, product or process is presently available for commercial sale and distribution or has potential for commercialization not later than two years following the completion of any test program by a state agency pursuant to this section.

(3) If the commissioner of the state agency testing such technology, product or process determines that the test program sufficiently demonstrates that the technology, product or process reduces energy usage and costs or reduces dependence on fossil fuels or greenhouse gas emissions, such testing agency may request that the Commissioner of Administrative Services (A) procure such technology for use by any or all state agencies, and (B) make such procurement pursuant to subsection (b) of section 4a-58 .

(d) If the commissioner finds that using such technology, product or process would be feasible in the operations of a state agency and would not have any detrimental effect on such operations, the commissioner, notwithstanding the requirements of chapter 58, may direct a state agency to accept delivery of such technology, product or process and to undertake such a test program. Any costs associated with the acquisition and use of such technology, product or process by the testing agency for the test period shall be borne by the manufacturer, the marketer or any investor or participant in such business. The acquisition of any technology, product or process for purposes of the test program established pursuant to this section shall not be deemed to be a purchase under the provisions of state procurement law. The manufacturer, the marketer or any investor or participant in such business shall maintain records related to such test program, as required by the commissioner. All proprietary information derived from such test program shall be exempt from the provisions of subsection (a) of section 1-210 .

(e) The commissioner of a state agency may identify a technology, product or process that is procured, installed and tested by a municipality that meets the requirements of subsection (b) of this section. Such commissioner may file a request with the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection. Not later than thirty days after receipt of such request, the commissioner shall evaluate such technology, product or process pursuant to subsection (b) of this section.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-245g — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-245g
Sec. 16-245g. Competitive transition assessment. Determination by authority of amount and how applied to electric customers. Duration.
Status: in_force

(b) The authority shall consider the effect on all customer rates and other factors relevant to reducing rates in determining the amount of the competitive transition assessment and the manner in which and the period over which it shall be imposed in any decision of the authority to set or adjust the competitive transition assessment.

(c) The competitive transition assessment shall be determined by the authority in a general and equitable manner and, in accordance with the provisions of subsection (b) of section 16-245f , shall be imposed on all customers at a rate that is applied equally to all customers of the same class in accordance with methods of allocation in effect on July 1, 1998, provided the competitive transition assessment shall not be imposed on customers receiving services under a special contract which is in effect on July 1, 1998, until such special contract expires. The competitive transition assessment shall be imposed beginning on January 1, 2000, on all customers receiving services under a special contract which is entered into or renewed after July 1, 1998. The competitive transition assessment shall have a generally applicable manner of determination that may be measured on the basis of percentages of total costs of retail sales of electric generation services. Subject to the provisions of subsection (b) of section 16-245f , the competitive transition assessment shall be payable by customers on an equal basis on the same payment terms and shall be eligible or subject to prepayment on an equal basis. Any exemption of the competitive transition assessment by customers under a special contract shall not result in an increase in rates to any customer.

(d) The authority shall establish, fix and revise the competitive transition assessment in an amount sufficient at all times to: (1) Pay the principal of and the interest on rate reduction bonds as the same shall become due and payable; (2) to pay all reasonable and necessary expenses relating to the financing; and (3) to pay an electric distribution company stranded costs that are not funded with the proceeds of rate reduction bonds and interim capital costs determined under subdivision (1) of subsection (e) of section 16-244g .

(e) The competitive transition assessment shall be charged to customers until the rate reduction bonds are paid in full by the financing entity and stranded costs not funded with the proceeds of rate reduction bonds are fully recovered by the electric distribution company. Amounts collected from a customer shall be allocated on a pro rata basis among (1) rates and charges described in subparagraph (A) of subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of section 16-245e , (2) rates and charges described in subparagraph (B) of subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of section 16-245e , and (3) other charges. To the extent that the authority, when issuing a financing order, determines that special treatment on customers' bills is necessary or desirable to distinguish rates and charges described in subparagraph (A) of subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of section 16-245e from rates and charges described in subparagraph (B) of subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of section 16-245e in order to facilitate the successful issuance and sale of rate reduction bonds, it may so provide as part of such financing order.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-262m — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-262m
Sec. 16-262m. Construction specifications for water companies.
Status: in_force

(b) On and after October 1, 2016, no person or entity, including, but not limited to, a water company may begin the construction of a water supply system for the purpose of supplying water to fifteen or more service connections or twenty-five or more persons for at least sixty days in any one year, and no such person or entity, except a water company supplying more than two hundred fifty service connections or one thousand persons, may begin expansion of a water supply system without having first obtained a certificate of public convenience and necessity from the Department of Public Health.

(c) For systems serving twenty-five or more residents that are not the subject of proceedings under subsection (c) of section 16-262n or section 16-262o , an application for a certificate of public convenience and necessity shall be on a form prescribed by the Department of Public Health, and accompanied by a copy of the applicant's construction or expansion plans, a fee of one hundred dollars, except no state agency shall be required to pay such fee, and when an exclusive service area provider has been determined pursuant to section 25-33g , a copy of a signed ownership agreement between the applicant and provider for the exclusive service area, as determined pursuant to section 25-33g , detailing those terms and conditions under which the system will be constructed or expanded and for which the provider will assume service and ownership responsibilities. When an exclusive service area provider has been determined pursuant to section 25-33g , the application shall also be accompanied by a written confirmation from the exclusive service area provider, as the person that will own the water supply system, that such exclusive service area provider has received the application and is prepared to assume responsibility for the water supply system subject to the terms and conditions of the ownership agreement. Written confirmation from the exclusive service area provider shall be on a form prescribed by said department. Said department shall issue a certificate to an applicant upon determining, to said department's satisfaction, that (1) no interconnection is feasible with a water system owned by, or made available through arrangement with, the provider for the exclusive service area, as determined pursuant to section 25-33g or with another existing water system where no exclusive service area has been assigned, (2) the applicant will complete the construction or expansion in accordance with engineering standards established by regulation by said department for water supply systems, (3) ownership of the system will be assigned to the provider for the exclusive service area, when an exclusive service area provider has been determined pursuant to section 25-33g , (4) the proposed construction or expansion will not result in a duplication of water service in the applicable service area, (5) the applicant meets all federal and state standards for water supply systems, (6) except as provided in subsection (d) of this section, the person that will own the water supply system has the financial, managerial and technical resources to (A) operate the proposed water supply system in a reliable and efficient manner, and (B) provide continuous adequate service to persons served by the water supply system, (7) the proposed water supply system will not adversely affect the adequacy of nearby water supply systems, and (8) any existing or potential threat of pollution that said department deems to be adverse to public health will not affect any new source of water supply. Any construction or expansion with respect to which a certificate is required shall thereafter be built, maintained and operated in conformity with the certificate and any terms, limitations or conditions contained therein.

(d) For the purpose of the Department of Public Health's issuance of a certificate pursuant to subsection (c) of this section, when the person that will own the water supply system is a water company, as defined in section 16-1 , or is not the exclusive service area provider because an exclusive service area provider has not been determined, the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority shall determine whether such person has the financial resources to (1) operate the proposed water supply system in a reliable and efficient manner, and (2) provide continuous adequate service to persons served by the water supply system.

(e) For systems serving twenty-five or more persons, but not twenty-five or more residents, at least sixty days in any one year, an application for a certificate of public convenience and necessity shall be on a form prescribed by the Department of Public Health and accompanied by a copy of the construction or expansion plans. Said department shall issue a certificate to an applicant upon determining, to its satisfaction, that: (1) No interconnection is feasible with a water system owned by, or made available through arrangement with, the provider for the exclusive service area, as determined pursuant to section 25-33g or with another existing water system where no existing exclusive service area has been assigned; (2) the applicant will complete the construction or expansion in accordance with engineering standards established by said department's regulations for water supply systems; (3) ownership of the system will be assigned to the provider for the exclusive service area, as determined pursuant to section 25-33g , if agreeable to the exclusive service area provider and said department, or may remain with the applicant, if agreeable to said department, until such time as the water system for the exclusive service area, as determined by section 25-33g , has made an extension of the water main, after which the applicant shall obtain service from the provider for the exclusive service area; (4) the proposed construction or expansion will not result in a duplication of water service in the applicable service area; (5) the applicant meets all federal and state standards for water supply systems; (6) the person that will own the water supply system has the financial, managerial and technical resources to (A) operate the proposed water supply system in a reliable and efficient manner, and (B) provide continuous adequate service to persons served by the water supply system; (7) the proposed water supply system will not adversely affect the adequacy of nearby water supply systems; and (8) any existing or potential threat of pollution that said department deems to be adverse to public health will not affect any new source of water supply. Any construction or expansion with respect to which a certificate is required shall thereafter be built, maintained and operated in conformity with the certificate and any terms, limitation or conditions contained therein.

(f) Properties held by the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection and used for, or in support of, fish culture, natural resource conservation or outdoor recreational purposes shall be exempt from the requirements of subdivisions (1), (3) and (4) of subsections (c) and (e) of this section.

(g) The Department of Public Health may adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, to carry out the purposes of this section. Such regulations may include measures that encourage water conservation and proper maintenance.

Cited. 44 CS 34.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-280 — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 284 / Section 16-280
Sec. 16-280. Copy of certificate issued under federal act to be filed with secretary.
Status: in_force

See Sec. 16-264 re filing of certificate of public convenience and necessity.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16a-3p — Connecticut Code / Title 16a / Chapter 295 / Section 16a-3p
Sec. 16a-3p. Solicitation re energy derived from anaerobic digestion.
Status: in_force

(2) In responding to any solicitations issued pursuant to this section, a bidder shall submit a proposal or proposals for facilities that are animal feeding operations and collocated on land used for the purpose of farming, as defined in subsection (q) of section 1-1 . For purposes of this subsection, “animal feeding operation” has the same meaning as provided in section 22a-208cc .

(b) If the commissioner finds such proposals to be in the interest of ratepayers, including, but not limited to, the delivered price of such sources, and consistent with the requirements to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in accordance with section 22a-200a , and in accordance with the policy goals outlined in the Comprehensive Energy Strategy, adopted pursuant to section 16a-3d , and in accordance with the policy goals outlined in the state-wide solid waste management plan developed pursuant to section 22a-241a , the commissioner may select proposals from such resources that have a total nameplate capacity rating of not more than ten megawatts in the aggregate. The commissioner may, on behalf of all customers of electric distribution companies, direct the electric distribution companies to enter into power purchase agreements for energy, capacity and environmental attributes, or any combination thereof, for periods of not more than twenty years.

(c) Certificates issued by the New England Power Pool Generation Information System procured by an electric distribution company pursuant to this section may be: (1) Sold into the New England Power Pool Generation Information System renewable energy credit market to be used by any electric supplier or electric distribution company to meet the requirements of section 16-245a , provided the revenues from such sale are credited to electric distribution company customers as described in this section; or (2) retained by the electric distribution company to meet the requirements of section 16-245a . In considering whether to sell or retain such certificates, the company shall select the option that is in the best interest of such company's ratepayers.

(d) Any such agreement shall be subject to review and approval by the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority, which review shall commence upon the filing of the signed power purchase agreement with the authority. The authority shall issue a decision on such agreement not later than sixty days after such filing. In the event the authority does not issue a decision within sixty days after such agreement is filed with the authority, the agreement shall be deemed approved.

(e) The net costs of any such agreement, including costs incurred by the electric distribution company under the agreement and reasonable costs incurred by the electric distribution company in connection with the agreement, shall be recovered on a timely basis through a fully reconciling component of electric rates for all customers of the electric distribution company. Any net revenues from the sale of products purchased in accordance with long-term contracts entered into pursuant to this section shall be credited to customers through the same fully reconciling rate component for all customers of the contracting electric distribution company. The commissioner may hire consultants with expertise in quantitative modeling of electric and gas markets to assist in implementing this section, including, but not limited to, the evaluation of proposals submitted pursuant to this section. All reasonable costs associated with the commissioner's solicitation and review of proposals pursuant to this section shall be recoverable through the same fully reconciling rate component for all customers of the electric distribution companies.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-2a — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 277 / Section 16-2a
Sec. 16-2a. Office of Consumer Counsel. Office of State Broadband. Consumer Counsel. Staff.
Status: in_force

(b) Except as prohibited by the provisions of section 4-181 , the Office of Consumer Counsel shall have access to the records of the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority and shall be entitled to call upon the assistance of the authority's and the department's experts, and shall have the benefit of all other facilities or information of the authority or department in carrying out the duties of the Office of Consumer Counsel, except for such internal documents, information or data as are not available to parties to the authority's proceedings. The department shall provide such space as necessary within the department's quarters for the operation of the Office of Consumer Counsel, and the department shall be empowered to set regulations providing for adequate compensation for the provision of such office space.

(c) There shall be established an Office of State Broadband within the Office of Consumer Counsel. The Office of State Broadband shall work to facilitate the availability of broadband access to every state citizen and to increase access to and the adoption of ultra-high-speed gigabit capable broadband networks. The Office of Consumer Counsel may work in collaboration with public and nonprofit entities and state agencies, and may provide advisory assistance to municipalities, local authorities and private corporations for the purpose of maximizing opportunities for the expansion of broadband access in the state and fostering innovative approaches to broadband in the state, including the procurement of grants for such purpose. The Office of State Broadband shall include a Broadband Policy Coordinator and such other staff as the Consumer Counsel deems necessary to perform the duties of the Office of State Broadband.

(d) The Office of Consumer Counsel shall be under the direction of a Consumer Counsel, who shall be appointed by the Governor with the advice and consent of either house of the General Assembly. The Consumer Counsel shall be an elector of this state and shall have demonstrated a strong commitment and involvement in efforts to safeguard the rights of the public. The Consumer Counsel shall serve for a term of five years unless removed pursuant to section 16-5 . The salary of the Consumer Counsel shall be equal to that established for management pay plan salary group seventy-one by the Commissioner of Administrative Services. No Consumer Counsel shall, for a period of one year following the termination of service as Consumer Counsel, accept employment by a public service company, a certified telecommunications provider or an electric supplier. No Consumer Counsel who is also an attorney shall in any capacity, appear or participate in any matter, or accept any compensation regarding a matter, before the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority, for a period of one year following the termination of service as Consumer Counsel.

(e) The Consumer Counsel shall hire such staff as necessary to perform the duties of said Office of Consumer Counsel and may employ from time to time outside consultants knowledgeable in the utility regulation field including, but not limited to, economists, capital cost experts and rate design experts. The salaries and qualifications of the individuals so hired shall be determined by the Commissioner of Administrative Services pursuant to section 4-40 .

(f) Nothing in this section shall be construed to prevent any party interested in such proceeding or action from appearing in person or from being represented by counsel therein.

(g) As used in this section, “consumer” means any person, city, borough or town that receives service from any public service company, electric supplier or from any certified telecommunications provider in this state whether or not such person, city, borough or town is financially responsible for such service.

(h) The Office of Consumer Counsel shall not be required to post a bond as a condition to presenting an appeal from any state regulatory decision, order or authorization.

(i) The expenses of the Office of Consumer Counsel shall be assessed in accordance with the provisions of section 16-49 .

See Sec. 4-38f for definition of “administrative purposes only”.

Cited. 176 C. 191; 216 C. 627; 219 C. 51; 234 C. 624; 235 C. 334. Provision that otherwise permits Office of Consumer Counsel to obtain judicial review is inconsistent with the scheme specified in the Cable Act and is therefore expressly preempted by 47 USC 556(c). 259 C. 56.

Cited. 3 CA 416.

Cited. 44 CS 21.