Conn. Gen. Stat. § 8-76 — Connecticut Code / Title 8 / Chapter 128 / Section 8-76
Sec. 8-76. Sale of projects. Regulations to establish priority order of purchasers. Payment and disposition of purchase price.
Status: in_force

(a) Such project or any part of such project sufficiently separable from other property retained by the developer, unless the developer deems it advisable to sell such project as individual one-family or two-family dwelling units, shall be sold, in accordance with regulations adopted by said commissioner which shall establish the order of priorities among the following eligible purchasers: A cooperative or condominium association, membership in which is open to any tenants of the project or part of the project to be sold, the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development or a private sponsor, provided any such purchaser shall agree to use such project for purposes of housing for persons or families of moderate income for as long as a need for such housing continues to exist, as determined by said commissioner, and provided further no tenant occupying a dwelling unit of the project at the time of sale shall be evicted except for cause.

(b) In the sale of a one-family or two-family dwelling unit in a project, or of shares in a cooperative or condominium association purchasing a project or part of a project, preference shall be given to buyers in accordance with the following schedule: (1) First preference shall go to persons who are tenants of the project at the time of sale and whose incomes are below the levels for continued occupancy in the project; (2) second preference shall go to persons who are tenants of the project at the time of sale other than those tenants specified in subdivision (1) of this subsection; (3) third preference shall go to applicants who are residents of the community on the waiting list for admission to moderate rental housing projects in the community and whose incomes are below the maximum limits for admission to such moderate rental housing projects; (4) fourth preference shall go to veterans who are residents of the community and whose incomes are below the maximum limits for admission to occupancy of such moderate rental housing projects in the community; (5) fifth preference shall be given to other residents of the municipality, including occupants of publicly-assisted housing projects whose incomes are below the levels for continued occupancy in moderate rental housing projects in the community. No sale or lease of one-family or two-family dwelling units, or of a share in a cooperative or condominium association owning a housing project, originally purchased from the authority according to this section, shall be made to any person who does not meet the qualifications of one or more of the above categories without the approval of the Commissioner of Housing and any deed conveying such dwelling units or housing project shall state this restriction, which shall run with the land until released by written instrument in recordable form executed by said commissioner, and which may be enforced by said commissioner.

(c) The purchase price of a project or any part thereof may be payable by a purchase money note only when the cost of the project was financed with a loan or deferred loan by the state. Each purchase money note shall provide for its complete amortization by periodic payments within a period not exceeding forty-one years from its date, shall bear interest at a rate to be determined by the State Bond Commission and shall be secured by a first mortgage on the dwelling unit purchased, provided when the sale is to a tenant of the project or to a cooperative or condominium association, membership in which is open to any tenants of the project or part of the project to be sold, the commissioner may set an interest rate on such purchase money note commensurate with the amount by which the income of any such individual tenant purchaser or of any tenant member of a cooperative or condominium association exceeds the maximum limits permitted for continued occupancy of such project, but in no case shall such interest rate be set below the minimum determined by the State Bond Commission.

(d) In the event that the original purchaser of a one-family or two-family dwelling unit sells, assigns, transfers or otherwise conveys any interest in such unit, the entire unpaid principal balance of the note, with interest thereon, shall become due and payable. In the event that the original purchaser of a one-family or two-family dwelling unit ceases to occupy said unit, the entire unpaid principal balance of any loan, made pursuant to this section on and after April 9, 1976, with interest thereon, may become due and payable at the discretion of the commissioner. If such sale, assignment, transfer or conveyance takes place within seven years of the original purchase, the state, acting by and in the discretion of the commissioner, may recapture a portion of the assistance it provided to finance the purchase of the unit, to be determined as follows: The original purchaser shall pay to the state an amount equal to the sum of (1) additional interest representing the difference between the actual interest paid by the original purchaser on the permanent mortgage loan and the interest that the original purchaser would have paid had the terms of the mortgage loan required interest at a rate of eight per cent per annum, from the date of execution of the mortgage loan to the date of prepayment of the mortgage loan; and (2) fifty per cent of the net appreciation if the unit is resold in the first, second or third year, thirty per cent of the net appreciation if the unit is resold in the fourth or fifth year and twenty per cent of the net appreciation if the unit is resold in the sixth or seventh year following the original purchase. Notwithstanding the provisions contained in this subsection, the total amount of such recapture shall not exceed the net gain realized upon the resale of the unit. Permanent mortgage documents provided to original purchasers on and after July 1, 1987, shall contain provisions necessary to fulfill the requirements of this subsection.

(e) The proceeds of any sale of any project, or of any part thereof, the cost of which was financed with a loan or deferred loan by the state to a housing authority, after payment of all necessary expenses incident to such sale, shall be applied to liquidate the outstanding balance of such loan or deferred loan. To this end, the authority shall endorse each purchase money note received by the authority in payment of the purchase price to the order of the state without recourse and shall deliver such note, together with a duly executed assignment of the mortgage securing the same, to the Commissioner of Housing, and the State Treasurer shall credit the face amount of such note as having been paid upon such loan. If the proceeds of the sale of such project or of any part thereof, including as such proceeds the face amount of any purchase money note received by an authority and endorsed and delivered by it to the Commissioner of Housing, as aforesaid, are more than sufficient to liquidate the outstanding balance of such loan, such proceeds shall be applied toward the outstanding balance, if any, on any loan or deferred loan made pursuant to this part on any other project owned and operated by such authority. If any balance remains after all such loans or deferred loans have been liquidated, an amount equal to one-half of any balance remaining shall be retained by or paid over to the state and an amount equal to the remaining one-half of such balance shall be retained by or paid over to the authority for payment by it to the municipality in which the project is located. The proceeds of the sale of any project the cost of which was financed by notes or bonds issued by the authority and guaranteed by the state, or of any part thereof, after payment of all necessary expenses incident to such sale, shall be applied so far as practicable to the redemption of all such outstanding notes or bonds. If such proceeds are more than sufficient to redeem all such outstanding notes and bonds, one-half of any balance remaining shall be paid over to the state and the remaining one-half of such balance shall be paid over to the authority for payment by it to the municipality in which the project is located. If such proceeds are insufficient for complete redemption of such notes and bonds, any balance remaining after redemption of the largest possible amount thereof shall be paid over to the state. No such sales shall affect the obligation of the authority upon such notes or bonds or the obligation of the state on its guarantee thereof. The proceeds of the sale of any project, or any part thereof, the cost of which was financed, wholly or partially, by a grant, after payment of all necessary expenses incident to such sale, shall first be used for the repayment of such grant to the state.

(f) The proceeds of any sale of any project, or of any part thereof, the cost of which was financed with a loan or deferred loan by the state to a nonprofit corporation, after payment of all necessary expenses incident to such sale, shall be applied to liquidate the outstanding balance of such loan or deferred loan. To this end, the nonprofit corporation shall endorse each purchase money note received by the nonprofit corporation in payment of the purchase price to the order of the state without recourse and shall deliver such note, together with a duly executed assignment of the mortgage securing the same, to the Commissioner of Housing, and the State Treasurer shall credit the face amount of such note as having been paid upon such loan or deferred loan. If any balance remains after the loan or deferred loan has been liquidated, such balance shall be paid over to the state for deposit to the credit of the General Fund. The proceeds of the sale of any project, or any part thereof, the cost of which was financed, wholly or partially, by a grant, after payment of all necessary expenses incident to such sale, shall first be used for the repayment of such grant to the state. If any balance remains after the grant has been repaid, such balance shall be paid over to the state for deposit to the credit of the General Fund.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 8-134 — Connecticut Code / Title 8 / Chapter 130 / Section 8-134
Sec. 8-134. Bonds: Authorization; terms, security, payment. Issuance by Connecticut Innovations, Incorporated or its subsidiary for specified project.
Status: in_force

Cited. 201 C. 305.

Prior rejection of bond issue for redevelopment project by voters does not restrict legislative body from again considering matter and calling second referendum. 21 CS 212.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 8-169d — Connecticut Code / Title 8 / Chapter 130 / Section 8-169d
Sec. 8-169d. Adoption and implementation of community development plan.
Status: in_force

(b) Any agency to which a community development plan is referred, pursuant to subsection (a) of this section, shall submit written comments to the legislative body not more than thirty days after receipt of the plan by such agency. Failure of the agency to comment within thirty days shall be deemed approval of such plan by such agency. Prior to the approval of a community development plan, at least one public hearing shall be held on such plan not less than thirty days after the community development plan has been filed for public inspection pursuant to subsection (a) of this section. Notice of such hearing shall be published at least twice in a newspaper of general circulation in the municipality. The first publication of notice for any such hearing shall be not less than two weeks before the date set for such hearing but may be published at any time after the filing of the community development plan for public inspection pursuant to subsection (a) of this section.

(c) A community development plan may be approved by the legislative body if it determines that:

(1) The community development plan has been developed so as to give maximum feasible priority to activities which will benefit low or moderate income families and persons or aid in the prevention of slum or blight or that the activities contemplated in the plan, in whole or in part, are designed to meet other community development needs having a particular urgency which cannot otherwise be met.

(2) There has been (A) adequate information provided citizens of the municipality concerning the amount of funds available for activities proposed under the plan, the range of activities which may be undertaken and other important program requirements, (B) adequate opportunity for citizens to participate in the development of the plan and (C) adequate public hearings by the legislative body and by any other agency of the municipality designated to hold hearings on such plan to obtain the views of citizens on the community development and housing needs.

(3) The community development program shall be conducted and administered in compliance with the Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and 1968, P.L. 88-352 and P.L. 90-284, as from time to time amended, Section 109 of said Housing and Community Development Act of 1974, as from time to time amended, and sections 46a-58 , 46a-59 , 46a-60 and 46a-64 .

(4) Where federal financial assistance is to be provided, the chief executive officer of the municipality has consented to make the certifications required under Subsection (h) of Section 104 of said Housing and Community Development Act of 1974, as from time to time amended.

(5) In implementing its community development program the municipality shall comply with the provisions of chapter 135 and where federal financial assistance is to be provided, the municipality shall comply with the provisions of Titles II and III of the Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Policies Act of 1970, P.L. 91-646, as from time to time amended.

(6) Where federal financial assistance is to be provided in the implementation of a community development program, all laborers and mechanics employed by contractors or subcontractors on construction or rehabilitation work, except as provided under Section 110 of said Housing and Community Development Act of 1974, as from time to time amended, and part III of chapter 557 and part I of chapter 558, shall be paid wages at rates not less than those prevailing on similar construction within the locality, as determined by the United States Secretary of Labor under the provisions of the Davis-Bacon Act, as from time to time amended, 40 USC, Sections 276a to 276a-5, inclusive, or by the Labor Commissioner under section 31-53 , and all such persons shall receive overtime compensation in accordance with the provisions of the Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards Act, 40 USC, Sections 327 to 332, inclusive, and section 31-60 , or where no such federal financial assistance is to be provided, then compliance with part III of chapter 557 and part I of chapter 558 shall be required.

(7) Where federal financial assistance is to be provided, the community development plan has or shall be submitted for review and comment to an area-wide agency pursuant to the provisions of Title II of the Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan Development Act of 1966, P.L. 89-754, as from time to time amended, and Title IV of the Intergovernmental Relations Act of 1968, P.L. 90-557, as may from time to time be amended, and procedures established by the president thereunder. A municipality may submit its community development plan for such review and comment at any time subsequent to the filing of the community development plan for public review under the provisions of subsection (a) of this section.

(d) The provisions of this section and section 8-169c shall not be applicable to any community development plan submitted to a legislative body of a municipality for approval prior to July 1, 1975.

Cited. 183 C. 523.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 8-119m — Connecticut Code / Title 8 / Chapter 128 / Section 8-119m
Sec. 8-119m. Congregate housing and congregate housing project joint pilot program. Regulations.
Status: in_force

(b) The Commissioner of Housing, in consultation with the Commissioner of Social Services, shall adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, to carry out the purposes of this section. The regulations shall establish the criteria for awarding grants-in-aid and loans authorized under this section, and the terms and conditions of such grants and loans.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 8-31c — Connecticut Code / Title 8 / Chapter 127 / Section 8-31c
Sec. 8-31c. Term “regional council of governments” substituted for “regional planning agency”.
Status: in_force

(b) The Legislative Commissioners' Office shall, in codifying the provisions of this section, make such technical, grammatical and punctuation changes as are necessary to carry out the purposes of this section.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 8-169mm — Connecticut Code / Title 8 / Chapter 130 / Section 8-169mm
Sec. 8-169mm. Reports to the Governor, Auditors of Public Accounts and General Assembly. Annual compliance and independent financial audits. Contract compliance officer; report.
Status: in_force

(b) The board of directors of the authority shall annually contract with a person, firm or corporation for a compliance audit of the authority's activities during the preceding authority fiscal year. The audit shall determine whether the authority has complied with the authority's policies and procedures concerning affirmative action, personnel practices, the purchase of goods and services and the use of surplus funds. The board shall submit the audit report to the Governor, the Auditors of Public Accounts and the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to finance, revenue and bonding.

(c) The board of directors of the authority shall annually contract with a firm of certified public accountants to undertake an independent financial audit of the Connecticut Municipal Redevelopment Authority in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards. The board shall submit the audit report to the Governor, the Auditors of Public Accounts and the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to finance, revenue and bonding.

(d) The authority shall designate a contract compliance officer from its staff to monitor compliance of the operations of facilities and parking facilities associated with authority development projects that are under the management or control of the authority, with (1) the provisions of state law applicable to such operations, and (2) applicable requirements of contracts entered into by the authority relating to set-asides for small contractors and minority business enterprises and required efforts to hire available and qualified members of minorities, as defined in section 32-9n . Each year during the period of operations of facilities associated with authority development projects, such officer shall file a written report with the authority as to findings and recommendations regarding such compliance.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 8-2q — Connecticut Code / Title 8 / Chapter 124 / Section 8-2q
Sec. 8-2q. Simplified approval process re solar canopies.
Status: in_force

(b) Notwithstanding any provision of any municipal charter or ordinance, the planning commission, zoning commission or combined planning and zoning commission of each municipality may amend any regulations adopted pursuant to subsection (a) of section 8-2 to establish a simplified approval process for any application to build a solar canopy in such municipality.

(c) Notwithstanding any provision of any municipal charter or ordinance, the planning commission, zoning commission or combined planning and zoning commission of each municipality may approve or deny any land use application to build a solar canopy in such municipality not later than six months after the filing date of such application.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 8-30j — Connecticut Code / Title 8 / Chapter 126a / Section 8-30j
Sec. 8-30j. Affordable housing plan. Submission to Office of Policy and Management. Hearing and adoption. Filing requirement. Review and amendment of plan.
Status: in_force

(2) If, at the same time the municipality is required to submit to the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management an affordable housing plan pursuant to subdivision (1) of this subsection, the municipality is also required to submit to the secretary a plan of conservation and development pursuant to section 8-23 , such affordable housing plan may be included as part of such plan of conservation and development. The municipality may, to coincide with its submission to the secretary of a plan of conservation and development, submit to the secretary an affordable housing plan early, provided the municipality's next such submission of an affordable housing plan shall be five years thereafter.

(b) The municipality may hold public informational meetings or organize other activities to inform residents about the process of preparing the plan and shall post a copy of any draft plan or amendment to such plan on the Internet web site of the municipality. If the municipality holds a public hearing, such posting shall occur at least thirty-five days prior to the public hearing. After adoption of the plan, the municipality shall file the final plan in the office of the town clerk of such municipality and post the plan on the Internet web site of the municipality.

(c) Following adoption, the municipality shall regularly review and maintain such plan. The municipality may adopt such geographical, functional or other amendments to the plan or parts of the plan, in accordance with the provisions of this section, as it deems necessary. If the municipality fails to amend and submit to the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management such plan every five years, the chief elected official of the municipality shall submit a letter to the secretary that (1) explains why such plan was not amended, and (2) designates a date by which an amended plan shall be submitted.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 8-169oo — Connecticut Code / Title 8 / Chapter 130 / Section 8-169oo
Sec. 8-169oo. Bonds, notes and other obligations of the authority.
Status: in_force

(b) Every issue of bonds, notes or other obligations shall be a general obligation of the authority payable out of any moneys or revenues of the authority and subject only to any agreements with the holders of particular bonds, notes or other obligations pledging any particular moneys or revenues. Any such bonds, notes or other obligations may be additionally secured by any grant or contributions from any department, agency or instrumentality of the United States or person or a pledge of any moneys, income or revenues of the authority from any source whatsoever.

(c) Notwithstanding any other provision of any law, any bonds, notes or other obligations issued by the authority pursuant to this section shall be fully negotiable within the meaning and for all purposes of title 42a. Any such bonds, notes or other obligations shall be legal investments for all trust companies, banks, investment companies, savings banks, building and loan associations, executors, administrators, guardians, conservators, trustees and other fiduciaries and pension, profit-sharing and retirement funds.

(d) Bonds, notes or other obligations of the authority shall be authorized by resolution of the board of directors of the authority and may be issued in one or more series and shall bear such date or dates, mature at such time or times, in the case of any such note, or any renewal thereof, not exceeding the term of years as the board shall determine from the date of the original issue of such notes, and, in the case of bonds, not exceeding thirty years from the date thereof, bear interest at such rate or rates, be in such denomination or denominations, be in such form, either coupon or registered, carry such conversion or registration privileges, have such rank or priority, be executed in such manner, be payable from such sources in such medium of payment at such place or places within or without this state, and be subject to such terms of redemption, with or without premium, as such resolution or resolutions may provide.

(e) Bonds, notes or other obligations of the authority may be sold at public or private sale at such price or prices as the board shall determine.

(f) Bonds, notes or other obligations of the authority may be refunded and renewed from time to time as may be determined by resolution of the board, provided any such refunding or renewal shall be in conformity with any rights of the holders of such bonds, notes or other obligations.

(g) Bonds, notes or other obligations of the authority issued under the provisions of this section shall not be deemed to constitute a debt or liability of the state or of any political subdivision thereof other than the authority, or a pledge of the faith and credit of the state or of any such political subdivision other than the authority, and shall not constitute bonds or notes issued or guaranteed by the state within the meaning of section 3-21 , but shall be payable solely from the funds as provided in this section. All such bonds, notes or other obligations shall contain on the face thereof a statement to the effect that, unless otherwise provided by law, neither the state of Connecticut nor any political subdivision thereof other than the authority shall be obligated to pay the same or the interest thereof except from revenues or other funds of the authority and that neither the faith and credit nor the taxing power of the state of Connecticut or of any political subdivision thereof other than the authority is pledged to the payment of the principal of, or the interest on, such bonds, notes or other obligations.

(h) Any resolution or resolutions authorizing the issuance of bonds, notes or other obligations may contain provisions, except as limited by existing agreements with the holders of bonds, notes or other obligations, which shall be a part of the contract with the holders thereof, as to the following: (1) The pledging of all or any part of the moneys received by the authority to secure the payment of the principal of and interest on any bonds, notes or other obligations or of any issue thereof; (2) the pledging of all or part of the assets of the authority to secure the payment of the principal and interest on any bonds, notes or other obligations or of any issue thereof; (3) the establishment of reserves or sinking funds, the making of charges and fees to provide for the same, and the regulation and disposition thereof; (4) limitations on the purpose to which the proceeds of sale of bonds, notes or other obligations may be applied and pledging such proceeds to secure the payment of the bonds, notes or other obligations, or of any issues thereof; (5) limitations on the issuance of additional bonds, notes or other obligations, the terms upon which additional bonds, bond anticipation notes or other obligations may be issued and secured, the refunding or purchase of outstanding bonds, notes or other obligations of the authority; (6) the procedure, if any, by which the terms of any contract with the holders of any bonds, notes or other obligations of the authority may be amended or abrogated, the amount of bonds, notes or other obligations the holders of which must consent thereto and the manner in which such consent may be given; (7) limitations on the amount of moneys to be expended by the authority for operating, administrative or other expenses of the authority; (8) the vesting in a trustee or trustees of such property, rights, powers and duties in trust as the authority may determine, which may include any or all of the rights, powers and duties of any trustee appointed by the holders of any bonds, notes or other obligations and limiting or abrogating the right of the holders of any bonds, notes or other obligations of the authority to appoint a trustee or limiting the rights, powers and duties of such trustee; (9) provision for a trust agreement by and between the authority and a corporate trustee which may be any trust company or bank having the powers of a trust company within or without the state, which agreement may provide for the pledging or assigning of any assets or income from assets to which or in which the authority has any rights or interest, and may further provide for such other rights and remedies exercisable by the trustee as may be proper for the protection of the holders of any bonds, notes or other obligations of the authority and not otherwise in violation of law. Such agreement may provide for the restriction of the rights of any individual holder of bonds, notes or other obligations of the authority. All expenses incurred in carrying out the provisions of such trust agreement may be treated as a part of the cost of operation of the authority. The trust agreement may contain any further provisions which are reasonable to delineate further the respective rights, duties, safeguards, responsibilities and liabilities of the authority, individual and collective holders of bonds, notes and other obligations of the authority and the trustees; (10) covenants to do or refrain from doing such acts and things as may be necessary or convenient or desirable in order to better secure any bonds, notes or other obligations of the authority, or which, in the discretion of the authority, will tend to make any bonds, notes or other obligations to be issued more marketable, notwithstanding that such covenants, acts or things may not be enumerated herein; and (11) any other matters of like or different character, which in any way affect the security or protection of the bonds, notes or other obligations.

(i) Any pledge made by the authority of income, revenues or other property shall be valid and binding from the time the pledge is made. The income, revenue, such state taxes as the authority shall be entitled to receive or other property so pledged and thereafter received by the authority shall immediately be subject to the lien of such pledge without any physical delivery thereof or further act, and the lien of any such pledge shall be valid and binding as against all parties having claims of any kind in tort, contract or otherwise against the authority, irrespective of whether such parties have notice thereof.

(j) The board of directors of the authority is authorized and empowered to obtain from any department, agency or instrumentality of the United States any insurance or guarantee as to, or of or for the payment or repayment of, interest or principal or both, or any part thereof, on any bonds, notes or other obligations issued by the authority pursuant to the provisions of this section and, notwithstanding any other provisions of sections 8-169ii to 8-169ss , inclusive, to enter into any agreement, contract or any other instrument whatsoever with respect to any such insurance or guarantee except to the extent that such action would in any way impair or interfere with the authority's ability to perform and fulfill the terms of any agreement made with the holders of the bonds, bond anticipation notes or other obligations of the authority.

(k) The board of directors of the authority may purchase bonds, notes or other obligations of the authority out of any funds available for such purpose. The authority may hold, cancel or resell such bonds, notes or other obligations subject to and in accordance with agreements with holders of its bonds, notes and other obligations.

(l) All moneys received pursuant to the authority of this section, whether as proceeds from the sale of bonds or as revenues, shall be deemed to be trust funds to be held and applied solely as provided in this section. Any officer with whom, or any bank or trust company with which, such moneys shall be deposited shall act as trustee of such moneys and shall hold and apply the same for the purposes of section 8-169jj and the resolution authorizing the bonds of any issue or the trust agreement securing such bonds may provide.

(m) Any holder of bonds, notes or other obligations issued under the provisions of this section, and the trustee or trustees under any trust agreement, except to the extent the rights herein given may be restricted by any resolution authorizing the issuance of or any such trust agreement securing such bonds, may, either at law or in equity, by suit, action, mandamus or other proceeding, protect and enforce any and all rights under the laws of the state or granted under this section or under such resolution or trust agreement and may enforce and compel the performance of all duties required by this section or by such resolution or trust agreement to be performed by the authority or by any officer, employee or agent of the authority, including the fixing, charging and collecting of the rates, rents, fees and charges herein authorized and required by the provisions of such resolution or trust agreement to be fixed, established and collected.

(n) The authority may make representations and agreements for the benefit of the holders of any bonds, notes or other obligations of the state which are necessary or appropriate to ensure the exclusion from gross income for federal income tax purposes of interest on bonds, notes or other obligations of the state from taxation under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 or any subsequent corresponding internal revenue code of the United States, as amended from time to time, including agreement to pay rebates to the federal government of investment earnings derived from the investment of the proceeds of the bonds, notes or other obligations of the authority. Any such agreement may include: (1) A covenant to pay rebates to the federal government of investment earnings derived from the investment of the proceeds of the bonds, notes or other obligations of the authority; (2) a covenant that the authority will not limit or alter its rebate obligations until its obligations to the holders or owners of such bonds, notes or other obligations are finally met and discharged; and (3) provisions to (A) establish trust and other accounts which may be appropriate to carry out such representations and agreements, (B) retain fiscal agents as depositories for such funds and accounts, and (C) provide that such fiscal agents may act as trustee of such funds and accounts.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 8-240l — Connecticut Code / Title 8 / Chapter 133a / Section 8-240l
Sec. 8-240l. Board of directors. Duties. Goals. Establishment of affiliates. Provision of financial assistance.
Status: in_force

(2) (A) On and after October 1, 2024, the entity created pursuant to subsection (b) of section 8-240k shall be governed by a board of directors as follows: (i) One member jointly appointed by the majority leader of the House of Representatives and the majority leader of the Senate; (ii) one member jointly appointed by the minority leader of the House of Representatives and the minority leader of the Senate; (iii) the Banking Commissioner, or the commissioner's designee; (iv) the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management, or the secretary's designee; (v) one member appointed by each investor who has committed an amount of money to the program established by subsection (a) of section 8-240k ; (vi) members who are low or moderate income individuals residing or operating a business in public investment communities, qualified census tracts or targeted investment communities, who shall each be appointed by unanimous consent of the other members of the board; and (vii) any additional members the board may appoint by unanimous consent of the other members of the board.

(B) The members described in subparagraphs (A)(i) to (A)(iv), inclusive, of this subdivision shall comprise not more than one-fifth of the total membership. The members described in subparagraph (A)(vi) of this subdivision shall comprise not less than one-third of the total membership.

(b) The entity may: (1) Employ a staff and fix their duties, qualifications and compensation; (2) solicit, receive and accept aid or contributions including money, property, labor and other things of value from any source; (3) establish uniform underwriting standards and approval mechanisms for financing projects; (4) retain outside consultants and technical experts; and (5) do all acts and things necessary and convenient to carry out the purposes of sections 8-240k to 8-240n , inclusive.

(c) The purposes of the entity are to: (1) Coordinate, fund and implement investment and community development in targeted neighborhoods, including small for-profit enterprises, nonprofit organizations, and related residential properties; (2) provide funding to low and moderate income individuals to establish, maintain and expand businesses in the state; (3) provide access for borrowers to existing public and private lending and development programs and other funding sources, including, but not limited to, equity investment, loan guarantees and mortgage insurance; (4) provide technical assistance; and (5) preserve public dollars by leveraging private capital for community investment.

(d) The goals of the entity shall be to promote the following in public investment communities, in qualified census tracts, in targeted investment communities and state-wide in areas in which low and moderate income individuals establish, maintain and expand businesses: (1) Job creation and skill development for the unemployed and underemployed and persons receiving public assistance; (2) leveraging of private and community investment; (3) community participation in decision-making; (4) the establishment of self-sustaining enterprises; (5) improvement of the physical environment of the community and the state; (6) promotion of affirmative action and equal employment opportunities and minority-owned businesses; and (7) coordination with the state plan of conservation and development adopted under chapter 297 and local, regional and state strategic economic development plans.

(e) The entity may establish one or more local or state-wide affiliates to participate in implementation of the program established under subsection (a) of section 8-240k . Each affiliate shall be governed by a board of directors appointed by the entity. The board of the affiliate shall reflect the categories of membership as the membership of the board of directors of the entity.

(f) Financial assistance shall be provided, in coordination with other sources of public or private funds, by the entity on a competitive basis, if feasible, to individuals, organizations, businesses, community development corporations, regional economic development corporations and any affiliate established under subsection (e) of this section. Not less than seventy per cent of the financial assistance available under sections 8-240k to 8-240n , inclusive, shall be used to assist low and moderate income individuals or for activities in public investment communities, qualified census tracts or targeted investment communities. The purposes for which such assistance may be used include, but are not limited to, direct small business and community revitalization loans, technical capacity training, loans to peer lending or borrowing groups, creation of business incubators, and development of commercial real estate for businesses owned or operated by or employing residents of public investment communities, qualified census tracts or targeted investment communities, or owned by low or moderate income individuals who are residents of the state. As used in this section, “financial assistance” means any and all forms of loans, extensions of credit, guarantees, equity investments or any other form of financing or refinancing to applicants for activities consistent with the purposes of sections 8-240k to 8-240n , inclusive.

(g) The entity shall provide not less than one million dollars for technical assistance from the funds authorized for the program for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1994. The entity shall establish a system for assuring that funds are available for technical assistance on a permanent basis.

(h) On and after October 1, 2024, the entity may conduct business outside the state, provided the following conditions are satisfied: (1) The assets of the entity existing on October 1, 2024, shall be utilized only for the purpose of conducting business in the state; (2) any assets the entity receives on or after October 1, 2024, for the purpose of conducting business in the state shall be utilized only for such purpose; (3) not less than seventy per cent of the total assets of the entity shall, at any time, be used for conducting business in the state; and (4) the entity complies with all laws of the states in which the fund conducts business. Any assets the entity receives on or after October 1, 2024, for the purpose of conducting business outside the state shall be utilized for purposes outside the state.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 8-400 — Connecticut Code / Title 8 / Chapter 138h / Section 8-400
Sec. 8-400. Definitions.
Status: in_force

(1) “Authority” means the Connecticut Housing Finance Authority as created under section 8-244 ;

(2) “Developer”, “mortgagor” or “eligible mortgagor” means (A) a nonprofit corporation incorporated pursuant to chapter 602 or any predecessor statutes thereto, having as one of its purposes the construction, rehabilitation, ownership or operation of housing, and having articles of incorporation approved by the authority in accordance with the provisions of chapter 134; (B) any business corporation incorporated pursuant to chapter 601 or any predecessor statutes thereto, having as one of its purposes the construction, rehabilitation, ownership or operation of housing, and having articles of incorporation approved by the authority in accordance with the provisions of said chapter 134; (C) any limited liability company, partnership, limited partnership, joint venture, sole proprietorship, trust or association having as one of its purposes the construction, rehabilitation, ownership or operation of housing, and having basic documents of organization approved by the authority in accordance with the provisions of said chapter 134; or (D) a family or persons approved by the authority as qualified to own, construct, rehabilitate, manage and maintain housing under a mortgage loan made or insured by the authority under the provisions of said chapter 134 and under an agreement entered into pursuant to the provisions of sections 8-400 to 8-405 , inclusive;

(3) “Housing”, “housing project”, “development” or “project” means any undertaking having as its principal purpose the construction or substantial rehabilitation of safe and adequate housing and related facilities for low and moderate income families and persons, including housing that provides dwelling accommodations in addition to the primary purpose of providing dwelling accommodations for low and moderate income families and persons;

(4) “Related facilities” means retail, commercial, office, health, administrative, recreational, community and service facilities incidental to housing as determined by the authority;

(5) “Rent” means the charges, excluding security deposits, paid to a landlord for occupancy of housing financed or assisted under sections 8-400 to 8-405 , inclusive;

(6) “Project cost” means the total of all costs incurred in the development of a housing project and any related facilities, which are approved by the authority and the Commissioner of Housing as reasonable and necessary, including, but not limited to (A) costs of land acquisition, including any buildings located thereon; (B) costs of site preparation, demolition and development; (C) architectural, engineering, legal and other fees and charges incurred in connection with the planning, execution and financing of the project; (D) the cost of studies, surveys, plans and permits required in connection with the project; (E) insurance, interest, financing, tax and assessment costs and other operating costs incurred during construction; (F) the cost of construction or reconstruction, including the cost of fixtures and equipment related to such construction or reconstruction; (G) the cost of land improvements; (H) necessary expenses incurred in connection with the initial occupancy of the project; (I) a reasonable profit or fee to the builder and developer; (J) an allowance established by the authority for working capital, replacement and contingency reserves, and reserves for any anticipated operating deficits during the first two years of occupancy; (K) the cost of such other items, including tenant relocation, as the authority and the Commissioner of Housing shall deem to be reasonable and necessary for the development of the project, less the amount of net rents and other net revenues received from the operation of any real and personal property located on the project site during construction;

(7) “Low income unit” means a unit of housing rented to a tenant whose income is below the aggregate family income standards established in sections 8-400 to 8-405 , inclusive;

(8) “Mortgage” means a mortgage deed or other instrument which shall constitute a lien, whether first or second, on real property or on a leasehold under a lease having a remaining term at the time such mortgage is acquired which does not expire for a number of years beyond the maturity date of the obligation secured by such mortgage that is equal to the number of years remaining until the maturity date of such obligation;

(9) “First mortgage” means such classes of first liens as are commonly given to secure loans on, or the unpaid purchase price of, real property under the laws of the state, together with appropriate credit instruments;

(10) “Bonds” means any bonds, notes, interim certificates, debentures or other obligations issued by the state pursuant to sections 8-400 to 8-405 , inclusive;

(11) “Aggregate family income” means the total family income of all members of a family, from whatever source derived, including but not limited to pensions, annuities, retirement benefits and social security benefits, provided the authority and the Commissioner of Housing may exclude from such income, (A) reasonable allowances for dependents, (B) reasonable allowances for medical expenses, (C) all or any part of the earnings of gainfully employed minors or family members other than the chief wage earner, (D) income not regularly received and (E) such other expenses as the Commissioner of Housing may allow;

(12) “Tenant” means the occupant of any housing unit financed or assisted under sections 8-400 to 8-405 , inclusive;

(13) “Second mortgage” means any class of second liens ranking immediately after a first mortgage or class of first liens on the same property, without any intervening liens, as are commonly given to secure loans on real property, or the unpaid purchase price of real property under the laws of the state, together with appropriate credit instruments to insure or guarantee repayment in the event of default by the mortgagor.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 8-13t — Connecticut Code / Title 8 / Chapter 124b / Section 8-13t
Sec. 8-13t. Application process for incentive housing development.
Status: in_force

(b) The regulations of an incentive housing zone may require the applicant for approval of an incentive housing development to pay the cost of reasonable consulting fees for peer review of the technical aspects of the application for the benefit of the zoning commission. Such fees shall be accounted for separately by the municipality from other moneys and used only for expenses associated with the technical review of the application by consultants who are not otherwise salaried employees of the municipality or the zoning commission. Any amount in the account remaining after payment of all expenses for technical review, including any interest accrued, shall be returned to the applicant not later than forty-five days after the completion of the technical review.

(c) The regulations of the incentive housing zone may provide for the referral of a site plan or subdivision application to other agencies, boards or commissions of the municipality for comment. If a site plan or subdivision application is referred to another agency, board or commission, such agency, board or commission shall provide any comments within the time period contained in section 8-7d that is applicable to such application. The provisions of this section shall not be construed to affect any other referral required by the general statutes.

(d) An incentive housing development shall be approved by the zoning commission subject only to conditions that are necessary to (1) ensure substantial compliance of the proposed development with the requirements of the incentive housing zone regulations, design standards and, if applicable, subdivision regulations; or (2) mitigate any extraordinary adverse impacts of the development on nearby properties. An application may be denied only on the grounds: (A) The development does not meet the requirements set forth in the incentive housing zone regulations; (B) the applicant failed to submit information and fees required by the regulations and necessary for an adequate and timely review of the design of the development or potential development impacts; or (C) it is not possible to adequately mitigate significant adverse project impacts on nearby properties by means of conditions acceptable to the applicant.

(e) The duration and renewal of an approval of an incentive housing development shall be governed by subsection (i) of section 8-3 , subsection (j) of section 8-3 , section 8-26c or section 8-26g , as applicable. The time to complete the work approved shall be extended (1) by the time required to adjudicate to final judgment any appeal from a decision of the commission on an incentive housing development site plan or subdivision plan or any required coordinate permit; (2) by the zoning commission if the applicant is actively pursuing other permits needed for the development; (3) if there is other good cause for the failure to complete such work; or (4) as provided in an approval for a multiphase development.

(f) An applicant for approval of an incentive housing development within an approved incentive housing zone may not make such an application utilizing the provisions of section 8-30g .

(g) Approval of or amendment to regulations or design standards for an incentive housing zone or subzone, or site plan or subdivision approval of an incentive housing development, may be appealed to the Superior Court pursuant to the provisions of section 8-8 or 8-28 .
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 8-2 — Connecticut Code / Title 8 / Chapter 124 / Section 8-2
Sec. 8-2. Regulations.
Status: in_force

(2) Such zoning commission may divide the municipality into districts of such number, shape and area as may be best suited to carry out the purposes of this chapter; and, within such districts, it may regulate the erection, construction, reconstruction, alteration or use of buildings or structures and the use of land. All zoning regulations shall be uniform for each class or kind of buildings, structures or use of land throughout each district, but the regulations in one district may differ from those in another district.

(3) Such zoning regulations may provide that certain classes or kinds of buildings, structures or use of land are permitted only after obtaining a special permit or special exception from a zoning commission, planning commission, combined planning and zoning commission or zoning board of appeals, whichever commission or board the regulations may, notwithstanding any special act to the contrary, designate, subject to standards set forth in the regulations and to conditions necessary to protect the public health, safety, convenience and property values.

(b) Zoning regulations adopted pursuant to subsection (a) of this section shall:

(1) Be made in accordance with a comprehensive plan and in consideration of the plan of conservation and development adopted under section 8-23 ;

(2) Be designed to (A) lessen congestion in the streets; (B) secure safety from fire, panic, flood and other dangers; (C) promote health and the general welfare; (D) provide adequate light and air; (E) protect the state's historic, tribal, cultural and environmental resources; (F) facilitate the adequate provision for transportation, water, sewerage, schools, parks and other public requirements; (G) consider the impact of permitted land uses on contiguous municipalities and on the planning region, as defined in section 4-124i , in which such municipality is located; (H) address significant disparities in housing needs and access to educational, occupational and other opportunities; (I) promote efficient review of proposals and applications; and (J) affirmatively further the purposes of the federal Fair Housing Act, 42 USC 3601 et seq., as amended from time to time;

(3) Be drafted with reasonable consideration as to the physical site characteristics of the district and its peculiar suitability for particular uses and with a view to encouraging the most appropriate use of land throughout a municipality;

(4) Provide for the development of housing opportunities, including opportunities for multifamily dwellings, consistent with soil types, terrain and infrastructure capacity, for all residents of the municipality and the planning region in which the municipality is located, as designated by the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management under section 16a-4a ;

(5) Promote housing choice and economic diversity in housing, including housing for both low and moderate income households;

(6) Expressly allow the development of housing which will meet the housing needs identified in the state's consolidated plan for housing and community development prepared pursuant to section 8-37t and in the housing component and the other components of the state plan of conservation and development prepared pursuant to section 16a-26 ;

(7) Be made with reasonable consideration for the impact of such regulations on agriculture, as defined in subsection (q) of section 1-1 ;

(8) Provide that proper provisions be made for soil erosion and sediment control pursuant to section 22a-329 ;

(9) Be made with reasonable consideration for the protection of existing and potential public surface and ground drinking water supplies; and

(10) In any municipality that is contiguous to or on a navigable waterway draining to Long Island Sound, (A) be made with reasonable consideration for the restoration and protection of the ecosystem and habitat of Long Island Sound; (B) be designed to reduce hypoxia, pathogens, toxic contaminants and floatable debris on Long Island Sound; and (C) provide that such municipality's zoning commission consider the environmental impact on Long Island Sound coastal resources, as defined in section 22a-93 , of any proposal for development.

(c) Zoning regulations adopted pursuant to subsection (a) of this section may:

(1) To the extent consistent with soil types, terrain and water, sewer and traffic infrastructure capacity for the community, provide for or require cluster development, as defined in section 8-18 ;

(2) Be made with reasonable consideration for the protection of historic factors;

(3) Require or promote (A) energy-efficient patterns of development; (B) the use of distributed generation or freestanding solar, wind and other renewable forms of energy; (C) combined heat and power; and (D) energy conservation;

(4) Provide for incentives for developers who use (A) solar and other renewable forms of energy; (B) combined heat and power; (C) water conservation, including demand offsets; and (D) energy conservation techniques, including, but not limited to, cluster development, higher density development and performance standards for roads, sidewalks and underground facilities in the subdivision;

(5) Provide for a municipal system for the creation of development rights and the permanent transfer of such development rights, which may include a system for the variance of density limits in connection with any such transfer;

(6) Provide for notice requirements in addition to those required by this chapter;

(7) Provide for conditions on operations to collect spring water or well water, as defined in section 21a-150 , including the time, place and manner of such operations;

(8) Provide for floating zones, overlay zones and planned development districts;

(9) Require estimates of vehicle miles traveled and vehicle trips generated in lieu of, or in addition to, level of service traffic calculations to assess (A) the anticipated traffic impact of proposed developments; and (B) potential mitigation strategies such as reducing the amount of required parking for a development or requiring public sidewalks, crosswalks, bicycle paths, bicycle racks or bus shelters, including off-site; and

(10) In any municipality where a traprock ridge or an amphibolite ridge is located, (A) provide for development restrictions in ridgeline setback areas; and (B) restrict quarrying and clear cutting, except that the following operations and uses shall be permitted in ridgeline setback areas, as of right: (i) Emergency work necessary to protect life and property; (ii) any nonconforming uses that were in existence and that were approved on or before the effective date of regulations adopted pursuant to this section; and (iii) selective timbering, grazing of domesticated animals and passive recreation.

(d) Zoning regulations adopted pursuant to subsection (a) of this section shall not:

(1) (A) Prohibit the operation in a residential zone of any family child care home or group child care home located in a residence, or (B) require any special zoning permit or special zoning exception for such operation;

(2) (A) Prohibit the use of receptacles for the storage of items designated for recycling in accordance with section 22a-241b or require that such receptacles comply with provisions for bulk or lot area, or similar provisions, except provisions for side yards, rear yards and front yards; or (B) unreasonably restrict access to or the size of such receptacles for businesses, given the nature of the business and the volume of items designated for recycling in accordance with section 22a-241b , that such business produces in its normal course of business, provided nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit such regulations from requiring the screening or buffering of such receptacles for aesthetic reasons;

(3) Impose conditions and requirements on manufactured homes, including mobile manufactured homes, having as their narrowest dimension twenty-two feet or more and built in accordance with federal manufactured home construction and safety standards or on lots containing such manufactured homes, including mobile manufactured home parks, if those conditions and requirements are substantially different from conditions and requirements imposed on (A) single-family dwellings; (B) lots containing single-family dwellings; or (C) multifamily dwellings, lots containing multifamily dwellings, cluster developments or planned unit developments;

(4) (A) Prohibit the continuance of any nonconforming use, building or structure existing at the time of the adoption of such regulations; (B) require a special permit or special exception for any such continuance; (C) provide for the termination of any nonconforming use solely as a result of nonuse for a specified period of time without regard to the intent of the property owner to maintain that use; or (D) terminate or deem abandoned a nonconforming use, building or structure unless the property owner of such use, building or structure voluntarily discontinues such use, building or structure and such discontinuance is accompanied by an intent to not reestablish such use, building or structure. The demolition or deconstruction of a nonconforming use, building or structure shall not by itself be evidence of such property owner's intent to not reestablish such use, building or structure;

(5) Prohibit the installation, in accordance with the provisions of section 8-1bb , of temporary health care structures for use by mentally or physically impaired persons if such structures comply with the provisions of said section, unless the municipality opts out in accordance with the provisions of subsection (j) of said section;

(6) Prohibit the operation in a residential zone of any cottage food operation, as defined in section 21a-62b ;

(7) Establish for any dwelling unit a minimum floor area that is greater than the minimum floor area set forth in the applicable building, housing or other code;

(8) Place a fixed numerical or percentage cap on the number of dwelling units that constitute multifamily housing over four units, middle housing or mixed-use development that may be permitted in the municipality;

(9) Require more than one parking space for each studio or one-bedroom dwelling unit or more than two parking spaces for each dwelling unit with two or more bedrooms, unless the municipality opts out in accordance with the provisions of section 8-2p ; or

(10) Be applied to deny any land use application, including for any site plan approval, special permit, special exception or other zoning approval, on the basis of (A) a district's character, unless such character is expressly articulated in such regulations by clear and explicit physical standards for site work and structures, or (B) the immutable characteristics, source of income or income level of any applicant or end user, other than age or disability whenever age-restricted or disability-restricted housing may be permitted.

(e) Any city, town or borough which adopts the provisions of this chapter may, by vote of its legislative body, exempt municipal property from the regulations prescribed by the zoning commission of such city, town or borough, but unless it is so voted, municipal property shall be subject to such regulations.

(f) Any advertising sign or billboard that is not equipped with the ability to calibrate brightness or illumination shall be exempt from any municipal ordinance or regulation regulating such brightness or illumination that is adopted by a city, town or borough, pursuant to subsection (a) of this section, after the date of installation of such advertising sign or billboard.

Regulation prohibiting in light industrial zone a use noxious by reason of odor, dust, gas or smoke has rational relation to health and public welfare. 110 C. 102. Exclusion from residential zones of buildings devoted to most business uses is proper. Id., 138. “Farming” in regulation construed. 113 C. 53. Cited. 123 C. 264. Where change in regulations seriously affects value of property of an individual. Id., 286. Cited. 126 C. 237. Not a violation of section to treat signs referring to business on property where signs stand differently from signs not so related to such a business. 131 C. 304. What constitutes a zoning regulation. Id., 647. Cited. 132 C. 216; 134 C. 293. To permit business in small area within residential zone may fall within scope of a “comprehensive plan”, and unless it amounts to unreasonable or arbitrary action, is not unlawful. 136 C. 89. Change of zone for small area can be made only if it falls within requirements of comprehensive plan. Id., 452. Ordinance valid as meeting requirements of enabling act if plan is comprehensive as to territory, public needs and time and if it promotes public welfare. 138 C. 434. Action of commission was spot zoning. 139 C. 59. Extension of industrial zone into residential area is proper if in accord with comprehensive plan and general welfare. Id., 603. Requires zoning regulations be expressive of plan which is comprehensive and promotes public welfare. 141 C. 349. Zoning regulations shall be made in accordance with “a comprehensive plan” which is general plan to control and direct use and development of property in municipality or large part thereof by dividing it into districts according to present and potential use of properties. 142 C. 265. Zoning regulations must be made upon reasonable consideration of character of district and its peculiar suitability for particular purposes and with view to conserving value of buildings and encouraging most appropriate use of land throughout the town. Id., 580. Cited. 143 C. 280. Zoning commission and not town meeting authorized to divide municipality into districts and to regulate erection or use of buildings or structures and use of land. Id., 448. Power to determine what are needs of town with reference to use of real property and to legislate in such manner that those needs will be satisfied vests exclusively in zoning commission. Id., 542. Comprehensive plan in accordance with which zoning regulations are to be adopted is such a plan as zoning commission devises. 144 C. 117. Permits change in zonal classification only when change is made in accordance with comprehensive plan. Id., 160. Regulations should be made in accordance with comprehensive plan. Id., 560. Elements of spot zoning. Id., 600. Spot zoning defined. 145 C. 26; 148 C. 97. Granting of change of zone within 2 months of refusal of similar application and after private conference with applicants opens commission to criticism; anything which weakens public confidence in commission and undermines sense of security of individual's rights is against public policy. 145 C. 237. Zoning regulations are invalid if not made in accordance with comprehensive plan (former statute). Id., 394. Deviation from comprehensive plan permissible; zone change which may increase traffic in area not necessarily barred. Id., 435. Interpretation of special act similar to section. Id., 476. Requisites to establish nonconforming use. Id., 682. Main, principal and dominant use of a building determines its character. 146 C. 70. Change of zone increased rather than lessened congestion in streets; action of commission held illegal. Id., 321. Maximum possible enrichment of developers is not controlling purpose of zoning. Id., 531. Powers of zoning commission distinguished from those of planning commission. Id., 570. Dicta that zoning regulations may in their operation result in prohibition under some circumstances. Id., 697. One aim of zoning is elimination of nonconforming uses. 147 C. 30. Provision re continuance of nonconforming uses not applicable to regulations enacted prior to effective date of amendment. Id., 358. Use held not to be permissible nonconforming use because lot was not being used for such purpose when zoning regulations were adopted. 148 C. 84. A proposed use cannot constitute an existing nonconforming use; conflict between public welfare and private gain discussed. Id., 299. An essential purpose of zoning is to stabilize use of property; “comprehensive plan” defined. Id., 492. Interpretation that regulation, prohibiting premises to be used for sale of liquor if entrance to same was within 1,500 feet of entrance to other premises used for such sale, prohibited certification of premises in question because liquor outlet was located within 1,500 feet, although in another town, held proper and did not give extraterritorial effect to regulation. 149 C. 292. Fact that section forbids zoning regulations affecting antecedent nonconforming uses is no benefit to plaintiff who merely contemplates such a use. Id., 678. In order to attack constitutionality of regulations, plaintiff must demonstrate that it is affected by them; challenge of unconstitutional delegation of legislative power is successfully met if ordinance declares a legislative policy, establishes primary standards for carrying it out or lays down an intelligible principle to which agency must conform with proper regard for protection of public interest; regulations themselves are not unconstitutional because of failure to establish adequate standards to meet constitutional requirement; in order to hold zoning regulation unconstitutional as violative of due process of law or equal protection clauses of state or federal constitution, it must appear that provisions are clearly arbitrary and unreasonable, having no substantial relation to public health, safety, morals or general welfare; regulations did no more than offer assurance of measure of supervision by responsible public authority over conditions which affected public health, safety and general welfare, and consequently they were a proper exercise of the police power. Id., 712. Question of power or authority of commission either to hear or to decide application for change of zone must be decided before further action is taken; trial court should have determined the question, it being basic to issue of validity of change of zone. Id., 746. Legislative history and purposes discussed; zoning commission can by regulation reserve to itself or delegate to any of the other specified agencies power to grant a special permit or special exception; purpose of section is to establish means by which special requirements affecting particular property could be imposed whether they affected buildings and structures or land; provision that zoning regulations must conform to a comprehensive plan is to prevent arbitrary, unreasonable and discriminatory exercise of zoning power; comprehensive plan of Ridgefield found in scheme of zoning regulations themselves; courts cannot substitute their discretion for wide and liberal discretion enjoyed by local zoning agencies; relief can be granted on appeal only when local authority has acted arbitrarily or illegally and thus has abused discretion vested in it. 150 C. 79. Change of zone for small area is open to suspicion as spot zoning but can be sustained if it is in harmony with comprehensive plan; zoning commission may accept long-continued nonconforming use as permanent and inevitable and find that change of zone which would render use conforming would encourage most appropriate use of land in town. Id., 129. Cited. Id., 146. Nonconforming uses should be abolished or reduced to conformity as speedily as fair interest of parties will permit, and in no case should be allowed to increase. Id., 439. Power to stipulate restrictions re garden apartments implied power to withhold approval entirely. Id., 672. Where zoning regulations excluded uses not specifically permitted and made no provision for storing vehicles on vacant lots in residential zone, plaintiff was in violation for doing so. 151 C. 46. Burden of proof as to whether commission acted improperly is on aggrieved party. Id., 484. If any reason for action of commission in denying a zone change is supported, subsequent appeal must fail. 152 C. 262. Cited. Id., 329. Word “school” used in zoning regulations of Westport construed. Id., 559. Fact that zoning regulations were designated as “interim” does not make them invalid. 153 C. 187. Where zoning regulations imposed restrictions on lot size, the placement of building on property and minimum living areas of residential property, with exceptions for seasonal properties within 500 feet of the high-water mark of any body of water, held that a “comprehensive” plan was established, even though no restriction was placed on the particular uses which might be made of the property since the community was small, rural and almost entirely residential and since, because zoning commission is clothed with liberal discretion in enacting regulations, a court is not justified in upsetting its decision merely because it feels a different classification might have been preferable; it is not required that zoning regulations divide town into districts as long as every owner of property located in the town can ascertain with reasonable certainty what uses he may legally make of any portion of his property. Id., 191. Cited. Id., 310. Where plaintiff's application to the board does not make it clear whether a permit under the zoning ordinance or an approval under the statutes is requested, the board must decide each issue separately and the required number of votes for each must be met in order for the application to be approved. 154 C. 32, 36. In the absence of standards set up by the local zoning ordinance, the power to grant a special permit under statute is denied despite the fact that statute itself provides for certain standards. Id., 156, 161. Cited. Id., 210. Zoning commission's refusal of a change of zone as to plaintiff's property shown by the record as not arbitrary or an abuse of discretion but for the general welfare of the community. Id., 309. Standards used for special exceptions for hospital found sufficiently definite. 154 C. 399, 403. Zoning authority acts as a legislative body in making zoning changes; commission acted reasonably in rezoning a central area to meet the changing conditions of the town. Id., 463. Amendment adopted by zoning commission involved a debatable question within its legislative capacity to resolve; courts are cautious about disturbing commission's decisions. Id., 470. Record does not show town plan and zoning commission acted illegally, arbitrarily or in abuse of its discretion in upgrading zone of an undeveloped residential area, particularly when change of zone was made in accordance with comprehensive plan lately adopted. Id., 638. Although commission should not ordinarily alter classification of area in absence of changed conditions, rule being a restriction on legislative discretion will be applied only when zoning amendment is patently arbitrary. 155 C. 209. Spot zoning defined; change of zone predicated on interest in providing housing for persons displaced by redevelopment project, if otherwise consistent with accepted zoning principles, is reasonable exercise of board's discretionary powers. Id., 210. Cited. Id., 563; 156 C. 102, 287, 300. Zoning board of appeals upheld where it granted exception to town to locate sanitary landfill operation as record showed public welfare was served thereby and neighboring property not substantially injured. 157 C. 106. Responsibility and authority for zoning rests with zoning commission and unless its action is clearly contrary to a rational development of the town's comprehensive plan, courts will not interfere with commission's decisions. Id., 434. Regulation requiring signature of owner on future developer's petition for change was waived by lack of timely objection and its omission did not affect jurisdiction of commission. Id., 520. Change of zone enacted by commission substantially not in accordance with comprehensive plan of zoning of town held arbitrary, illegal and in abuse of its discretion. 158 C. 78. Only in cases where zoning authority has acted arbitrarily or illegally will courts reverse authority's disapproval of reclassification. Id., 111. Zoning commission's delegation of power to grant exception to zoning board of appeals was invalid as no criteria were given and delegation of power was too broad. Id., 196. Denial of plaintiff's application for change of zone for property he owned not unreasonable merely on ground zoning authority had approved the same changes the previous year. Id., 301. Where plaintiff's filling station was an existing use which predated zoning ordinance and ordinance provided for filling stations as exceptional use in his area, the use was not a nonconforming but a permitted use. Id., 516. Language herein is sufficiently broad to permit creation of floating zones. 159 C. 192; 197. Section does not militate against change in general zoning classification that is reasonable and in community interest. Id., 192. Cited. 160 C. 120, 121. Zoning commissions may grant special building permits subject to certain conditions to protect public health, safety, convenience and property values. Id., 295. Although zoning commission has wide discretion, it must predicate its decisions on fair and proper motives and follow legislative direction of statute. Id., 397. Cited. 161 C. 32; Id., 182; Id., 430; 162 C. 23; 163 C. 49, 190. Power to vary ordinance in zoning board of appeals. Id., 453. “Congestion in the streets” means density of traffic, not overall volume. 164 C. 215. Cited. 165 C. 533; 166 C. 305; 168 C. 358; 172 C. 306; 173 C. 23; 174 C. 212; 176 C. 479; Id., 581; 177 C. 420; 178 C. 657; 179 C. 650; 181 C. 230; 185 C. 135; Id., 294; 186 C. 106. Commission was justified in considering drainage, historical and rural factors although these factors not specifically incorporated in the municipal regulations. 189 C. 261. Cited. 193 C. 506. Moratorium was not beyond the powers delegated by statute. 194 C. 152. Cited. 199 C. 575; 201 C. 700; 205 C. 703. Includes the power to terminate nonconforming uses solely because of nonuse for a specified period. 206 C. 595. Cited. 208 C. 146. Minimum floor area requirements held not to be rationally related to any legitimate purpose of zoning under section. Id., 267. Statute has not delegated to municipalities the power to regulate colors in a sign. Id., 480. Cited. 212 C. 570; 213 C. 604; 214 C. 400; 217 C. 103; Id., 447; 220 C. 61; Id., 527; Id., 584; Id., 556; 222 C. 216; Id., 607; 224 C. 124; Id., 823; 225 C. 731; 227 C. 71; 232 C. 122; Id., 419; 234 C. 221; Id., 498. Decision by zoning commission re historic overlay zone not a decision on floating zone and is an administrative function, requiring substantial supporting evidence. 258 C. 205. Phrase “advertising signs” used in section means any form of public announcement intended to aid directly or indirectly in the sale of goods or services, in the promulgation of a doctrine or idea, in securing attendance or the like; city lacked authority to regulate defendant's signs disparaging a commercial vendor. 329 C. 530. Language of section permits the creation of planned development districts because it authorizes municipalities to create new zones and to alter previously created zones; uniformity requirement of Subsec. (a) does not require regulations governing adjacent zones to be consistent with one another or prohibit municipalities from blending different types of uses within a particular planned development. 341 C. 117.

Cited. 6 CA 237. Violation of uniformity requirement of statute by creation of a buffer area discussed. Id., 686. Cited. 7 CA 684; 10 CA 190; 12 CA 90; 13 CA 159; Id., 448; Id., 699; 15 CA 110; 16 CA 303. Zoning power “to regulate” under section does not include power “to prohibit” unless prohibition is supported by a rational relation to purposes of zoning. 17 CA 17; judgment reversed, see 212 C. 570. Cited. 19 CA 334; 21 CA 538; 24 CA 5; Id., 526; 25 CA 375; Id., 392; judgment reversed, see 222 C. 607; 26 CA 212; 28 CA 314; 30 CA 627; 31 CA 643; 35 CA 594; Id., 820; 36 CA 98; 37 CA 303; 40 CA 501. Reiterated previous holdings that regulation of uses of land, like regulations for classes of buildings and structures, must be uniform and use of special exceptions authorized; planned development district under special act not authorized under statute since no uniform standards for applications. 85 CA 820. Test of commission's action is twofold: (1) The zone change must be in accord with a comprehensive plan and (2) it must be reasonably related to normal police power purposes enumerated in section; only where local zoning authority has acted arbitrarily or illegally and thus abused the discretion vested in it can courts grant relief on appeal. 99 CA 768. Subsec. (d)(4)(A) means that a property owner has the right to continue the same use of the property as it existed before the date of the adoption of the zoning regulations that made the use nonconforming, and our law therefore precludes a municipality from amortizing or altogether eliminating such nonconformities through the enactment or amendment of its zoning regulations. 223 CA 424.

Standards by which regulations are to be scrutinized. 15 CS 485. Change of zone classification of large lot in center of residential area to business is spot zoning. 16 CS 189. Cited. Id., 328. Where zoning ordinance attempted to zone by individual pieces of property, held not in accordance with comprehensive plan. Id., 422. Power of zoning commission to fix minimum lot sizes and minimum floor areas upheld. 19 CS 24. Cited. Id., 447. Omission of any direct mention of a mobile home park as a permitted use of land anywhere in a town does not render zoning law void or unconstitutional; in order to qualify as nonconforming use, use must be in existence when ordinance goes into effect or in such a state of preparation that it is naturally recognized in neighborhood as such a use. 21 CS 275. Restrictive covenant and zoning restrictions are two entirely separate and unrelated limitations on use of property; where deeds to all lots sold under general development scheme contain same restrictive covenants, each grantee is entitled to enforce them in absence of conduct on his part constituting laches, waiver or abandonment. 22 CS 235. Nonconforming use may be increased in extent by natural expansion and growth. 24 CS 221. Cited. 25 CS 277. Zoning commission has no statutory power to enact ordinance limiting occupancy of certain areas to elderly persons. 26 CS 128. To change nonconforming business use to nonconforming liquor use is an increase in use and zoning board of appeals acted arbitrarily, illegally and in abuse of discretion in denying plaintiff's appeal. Id., 457. Refusal of zoning variance to permit use of plaintiff's property as gasoline station, its claimed best use, was not an unconstitutional confiscation of property. Id., 475. Change of zone dependent for proper functioning on action by other agencies over which zoning commission has no control cannot be sustained unless action appears not a possibility but a probability; community as a whole must benefit from commission action. Id., 503. Regulation of defendant zoning commission requiring gasoline station sites to be 1,500 feet apart is an exercise of police power which plaintiff failed to prove unreasonable or confiscatory of his property's value. 27 CS 362. Cited. 30 CS 157, 164; 32 CS 217; 34 CS 177; 35 CS 246. Statute provides no authority to planning and zoning commissions to modify statutes under which they acquire authority. 36 CS 281. Cited. 39 CS 436; 41 CS 196; Id., 593; 42 CS 256; 43 CS 373.

Subsec. (a):

Zoning commission amendment to town's zoning regulations satisfied the uniformity requirements of Subsec. and was reasonably related to balancing conservation and development. 259 C. 402. Soil contamination issue not limited to review of site plan application but also relevant to adoption of proposed text amendment because Subsec. requires regulations to “promote health and general welfare”. 271 C. 1. That Subsec. explicitly authorizes special permits demonstrates that legislature itself recognized the need for exceptions to uniformity, and, therefore, complete uniformity was not mandated. 281 C. 66. Subdivision of property into more than 30 residential lots that otherwise comply with applicable zoning regulations is not a distinct “use of land” subject to special permit regulations under Subsec. 288 C. 730. Zoning agencies have authority to adopt a regulation under which a special permit would expire if construction for the proposed use is not completed within a specified period of time, but if such authority is exercised, such time limitation cannot conflict with the deadline prescribed in Sec. 8-3(i) and (m). 344 C. 46.

Implicitly requires uniform enforcement of zoning regulations. 49 CA 669. Use of property as gasoline station was not a preexisting, nonconforming use. 74 CA 622. Does not necessarily confer authority in zoning commission to promulgate regulations re noise pollution and does not contradict legislature's specific enactment in Sec. 22a-67 et seq. 76 CA 199. In waiving landscaped buffer requirement and in deciding to vary the setback requirements of regulations, commission did not adhere to uniformity requirement of section. 146 CA 406. Subsec. empowers a zoning authority to impose a temporal conditional on a special permit, in this instance, by requiring the completion of development attendant to the permitted use within a set time frame. 202 CA 582; judgment reversed, see 344 C. 46. 202 CA 582.

Cited. 36 CS 98.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 8-119t — Connecticut Code / Title 8 / Chapter 128 / Section 8-119t
Sec. 8-119t. Grants-in-aid for expanding independent living opportunities. Definition. Regulations.
Status: in_force

(b) The Commissioner of Housing may adopt regulations, in accordance with chapter 54, to carry out the purposes of this section.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 8-169m — Connecticut Code / Title 8 / Chapter 130 / Section 8-169m
Sec. 8-169m. Receipt of funds. Issuance of bonds.
Status: in_force

(b) For the purposes of section 8-169 l and section 8-216b , the State Bond Commission shall have power, from time to time, to authorize the issuance of bonds of the state in one or more series and in principal amounts, not exceeding in the aggregate seven million five hundred thousand dollars. All provisions of section 3-20 or the exercise of any right or power granted thereby which are not inconsistent with the provisions of this subsection are hereby adopted and shall apply to all bonds authorized by the State Bond Commission pursuant to this subsection. Such bonds shall be issued at such times and in such amounts as shall be determined by the State Bond Commission. Temporary notes and all renewals thereof in anticipation of the money to be derived from the sale of any such bonds so authorized may be issued in accordance with said section 3-20 and shall mature within three years from the date of the first of such notes to be issued. None of said bonds shall be authorized except upon a finding by the State Bond Commission that there has been filed with it a request for such authorization, which is signed by or on behalf of the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management and states such terms and conditions as said commission, in its discretion, may require. Said bonds issued pursuant to this subsection shall be general obligations of the state and the full faith and credit of the state of Connecticut are pledged for the payment of the principal of and interest on said bonds as the same become due, and accordingly and as part of the contract of the state with the holders of said bonds, appropriation of all amounts necessary for punctual payment of such principal and interest is hereby made, and the Treasurer shall pay such principal and interest as the same become due.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 8-304 — Connecticut Code / Title 8 / Chapter 137a / Section 8-304
Sec. 8-304. Adoption of a housing finance assistance plan. Provisions.
Status: in_force

(b) Upon the adoption of a resolution making the findings or determinations as set forth in subsection (a) of this section, the legislative body of the municipality may by resolution authorize and adopt a housing finance assistance plan which may provide for (1) the issuance of notes and bonds of the municipality in accordance with sections 8-306 , 8-307 and 8-314 ; (2) the establishment of a capital reserve fund and of such other funds as the legislative body may determine are necessary or appropriate for the protection of holders of the municipality's notes and bonds; (3) the financing of mortgage loans to low and moderate income persons and families for the purposes of the purchase and the rehabilitation of housing within the boundaries of the municipality under such rules and regulations and pursuant to such contracts or agreements with lending institutions as the legislative body may prescribe; and (4) the appointment of a plan administrator who shall have primary responsibility for the effectuation of such plan and who may be a municipal officer or any other person designated by the legislative body.

(c) Any housing finance assistance plan adopted pursuant to subsection (b) of this section shall require that (1) the difference between the interest rate on any mortgage loan made pursuant to such plan and the interest rate on bonds issued under such plan shall be limited to the extent necessary to prevent such bonds from becoming arbitrage bonds under the regulations of the Department of the Treasury under Section 103 of the Internal Revenue Code, as from time to time amended; (2) any contract or agreement with a lending institution for the origination of mortgage loans pursuant to such plan shall require that such lending institution utilize its normal underwriting criteria in any determination made with respect to such mortgage loans; (3) the legislative body shall find and determine that all contractual agreements with lending institutions and any other parties involved in the origination, servicing and insuring of mortgages made or financed pursuant to the housing finance assistance plan are fair and reasonable; (4) the legislative body shall find and determine that all contractual agreements with respect to the provision of services by financial advisors, investment bankers, bond counsel and any other party involved in the issuance of bonds under this chapter are fair and reasonable; (5) the legislative body shall establish, and review semiannually, eligibility limits with respect to the plan, including limits on the maximum amount of any mortgage loan made or financed thereunder and the maximum income of the family or person assisted thereunder; and (6) the legislative body shall receive and review at least once every six months during which the plan is in effect a report from the plan administrator summarizing the actions taken pursuant to the plan.

(d) The legislative body may adopt one or more housing finance assistance plans pursuant to this chapter and may, in its discretion, amend any housing finance assistance plan from time to time.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 8-294 — Connecticut Code / Title 8 / Chapter 137 / Section 8-294
Sec. 8-294. Disposition of property by urban rehabilitation agency.
Status: in_force

(b) Within thirty days after the closing date for bidding, the urban rehabilitation agency shall recommend to the legislative body the transfer of abandoned property to a qualified applicant under such terms and conditions as are determined by the agency, provided the applicant shall be selected in accordance with priorities established under section 8-295 .

(c) The legislative body may, by resolution, vote to transfer the urban rehabilitation property with or without compensation to the person selected pursuant to subsection (b) of this section. Such transfer shall be made pursuant to a contract of sale and rehabilitation which shall provide among other things that (1) the property transferred be rehabilitated predominantly for industrial or commercial use and be brought into and maintained in conformity with applicable health, housing and building code standards; (2) that the rehabilitation shall commence and be completed within a period of time as determined by the urban rehabilitation agency; (3) prior to the issuance of a certificate of occupancy by the building official, no transfer of the property or any interest therein, except a transfer to a bona fide mortgagee or similar lien holder, may be made by the rehabilitator without the approval of the urban rehabilitation agency, provided any such transfer may only be made for a consideration not in excess of the cost of the property to the rehabilitator together with the costs of any improvements made thereon by the rehabilitator; (4) in the sale or rental of the property, or any portion of such property, no person shall be discriminated against because of such person's race, color, religion, sex, gender identity or expression or national origin; (5) representatives of the urban rehabilitation agency, representatives of the municipality, and if state or federal assistance is involved, representatives of the federal and state governments shall be allowed access to the property during normal business hours for the purpose of inspecting compliance with the provisions of this subsection.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 8-113a — Connecticut Code / Title 8 / Chapter 128 / Section 8-113a
Sec. 8-113a. Definitions.
Status: in_force

(a) “Authority” or “housing authority” means any of the public corporations created by section 8-40 .

(b) “Municipality” means any city, borough or town. “The municipality” means the particular municipality for which a particular housing authority is created.

(c) “Governing body” means, for towns having a town council, the council; for other towns, the selectmen; for cities, the common council or other similar body of officials; and for boroughs, the warden and burgesses.

(d) “Mayor” means, for cities, the mayor, and, for boroughs, the warden. “Clerk” means the clerk of the particular city, borough or town for which a particular housing authority is created.

(e) “Area of operation” shall include the municipality in which a housing authority is created under the provisions of this chapter, and may include a neighboring municipality, provided the governing body of such neighboring municipality shall agree by proper resolution to the extension of the area of operation to include such neighboring municipality.

(f) “Housing project” means any work or undertaking (1) to demolish, clear or remove buildings from any slum area, which work or undertaking may embrace the adaptation of such area to public purposes, including parks or other recreational or community purposes; (2) to provide decent, safe and sanitary urban or rural dwellings, apartments or other living accommodations for elderly persons, which work or undertaking may include buildings, land, equipment, facilities and other real or personal property for necessary, convenient or desirable appurtenances, streets, sewers, water service, parks, site preparation, gardening, administrative, community, recreational or welfare purposes; (3) to provide a continuum of housing comprising independent living accommodations, residential care, intermediate housing facilities and skilled nursing care and facilities with ready access to medical and hospital services; or (4) to accomplish a combination of the foregoing. The term “housing project” also may be applied to the planning of the buildings and improvements, the acquisition of property, the demolition of existing structures, the construction, reconstruction, alteration and repair of the improvements and all other work in connection therewith.

(g) “Bonds” means any bonds, notes, interim certificates, certificates of indebtedness, debentures or other obligations issued by the authority pursuant to this chapter.

(h) “Real property” shall include all lands, including improvements and fixtures thereon, and property of any nature appurtenant thereto, or used in connection therewith, and every estate, interest and right, legal or equitable, therein, including terms for years and liens by way of judgment, mortgage or otherwise and the indebtedness secured by such liens.

(i) “Obligee of the authority” or “obligee” shall include any bondholder, trustee or trustees for any bondholders, or lessor demising to the authority property used in connection with a housing project, or any assignee or assignees of such lessor's interest or any part thereof, and the state government when it is a party to any contract with the authority.

(j) “State public body” means any city, borough, town, municipal corporation, district or other subdivision of the state.

(k) “Rent” means the entire amount paid to a local authority, nonprofit corporation or housing partnership for any dwelling unit.

(l) “Shelter rent” means “rent” as defined herein, less any charges made by a local authority, nonprofit corporation or housing partnership for water, heat, gas, electricity and sewer use charges.

(m) “Elderly persons” means persons sixty-two years of age and over who lack the amount of income which is necessary, as determined by the authority or nonprofit corporation, subject to approval by the Commissioner of Housing, to enable them to live in decent, safe and sanitary dwellings without financial assistance as provided under this part, or persons who have been certified by the Social Security Board as being totally disabled under the federal Social Security Act or certified by any other federal board or agency as being totally disabled.

(n) “Housing partnership” means any partnership, limited partnership, joint venture, trust or association consisting of (1) a housing authority, a nonprofit corporation or both and (2) (A) a business corporation incorporated pursuant to chapter 601 or any predecessor statutes thereto, having as one of its purposes the construction, rehabilitation, ownership or operation of housing, and having articles of incorporation approved by the commissioner in accordance with regulations adopted pursuant to section 8-79a or 8-84 , (B) a for-profit partnership, limited partnership, joint venture, trust, limited liability company or association having as one of its purposes the construction, rehabilitation, ownership or operation of housing, and having basic documents of organization approved by the commissioner in accordance with regulations adopted pursuant to section 8-79a or 8-84 or (C) any combination of the entities included under subparagraphs (A) and (B) of this subdivision.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 8-265uu — Connecticut Code / Title 8 / Chapter 134 / Section 8-265uu
Sec. 8-265uu. Supplemental collapsing foundation loan program. Claims. Financial institutions. Forms. Standards. Notices.
Status: in_force

(b) (1) Except as provided in subsection (d) of this section, any eligible financial institution may participate in the loan guarantee program after providing the department and the authority with advance written notice of the eligible financial institution's intention to participate in the program. Such notice shall be in the form and manner prescribed by the department and the authority, and shall include contact information for the eligible financial institution. Nothing in this section shall be construed to preclude an eligible financial institution that has elected to participate in the program from issuing loans to eligible borrowers outside of the loan guarantee program.

(2) An eligible financial institution may suspend its participation in, or withdraw from, the loan guarantee program five business days after providing advance written notice to the department and the authority specifying the date on which such suspension or withdrawal becomes effective. Such withdrawal or suspension shall not affect the eligible financial institution's ability to submit a guarantee claim on any loan for which the eligible financial institution provided notice to the authority pursuant to subsection (d) of this section prior to the effective date of the withdrawal or suspension.

(3) Not later than September 1, 2019, the department and the authority shall each publish on their Internet web sites a summary of the program and a list of the eligible financial institutions that have elected to participate in the program. The list shall be updated from time to time and shall include the contact information of each participating eligible financial institution. The department shall also provide information concerning the loan guarantee program to mortgage servicers licensed pursuant to section 36a-718 .

(c) (1) The authority may develop, in consultation with representatives from the banking industry, one or more standard promissory note and mortgage deed forms that may be used by eligible financial institutions making loans under the program pursuant to section 8-265vv .

(2) Not later than September 1, 2019, the authority shall develop, in consultation with representatives from the banking industry, (A) reasonable standards an eligible financial institution may rely upon to demonstrate good faith collection efforts described in subsection (a) of section 8-265ww , and (B) a readily accessible communication portal by which participating eligible financial institutions may verify in real time the total dollar amount of loans that have been reported to the authority pursuant to subsection (d) of this section and the total dollar amount of claims submitted to the Comptroller pursuant to subsection (a) of section 8-265ww . The forms and standards developed pursuant to this section shall, to the maximum extent feasible, be closely aligned with existing forms, policies and procedures used by eligible financial institutions participating in the program, but shall not require post-delinquency collection efforts extending beyond ninety days.

(d) Each eligible financial institution that makes a loan pursuant to section 8-265vv , shall notify the authority in writing not later than one business day after making the loan, specifying the amount of the loan and any other information about the borrower and the loan the authority may request. When the total amount of loans reported to the authority reaches twenty million dollars, the authority shall immediately close participation in the program under subsection (a) of this section and notify each eligible financial institution participating in the program. A participating eligible financial institution may condition the availability of any loan commitment on the availability of the loan guarantee program.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 8-7d — Connecticut Code / Title 8 / Chapter 124 / Section 8-7d
Sec. 8-7d. Hearings and decisions. Time limits. Day of receipt. Notice to adjoining municipality. Public notice registry.
Status: in_force

(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a) of this section, whenever the approval of a site plan is the only requirement to be met or remaining to be met under the zoning regulations for any building, use or structure, a decision on an application for approval of such site plan shall be rendered not later than sixty-five days after receipt of such site plan. Whenever a decision is to be made on an application for subdivision approval under chapter 126 on which no hearing is held, such decision shall be rendered not later than sixty-five days after receipt of such application. Whenever a decision is to be made on an inland wetlands and watercourses application under chapter 440 on which no hearing is held, such decision shall be rendered not later than sixty-five days after receipt of such application. Whenever a decision is to be made on an aquifer protection area application under chapter 446i on which no hearing is held, such decision shall be rendered not later than sixty-five days after receipt of such application. The applicant may consent to one or more extensions of such period, provided the total period of any such extension or extensions shall not exceed sixty-five days or may withdraw such plan or application.

(c) For purposes of subsection (a) or (b) of this section and section 7-246a , the date of receipt of a petition, application, request or appeal shall be the day of the next regularly scheduled meeting of such commission, board or agency, immediately following the day of submission to such commission, board or agency or its agent of such petition, application, request or appeal or thirty-five days after such submission, whichever is sooner. If the commission, board or agency does not maintain an office with regular office hours, the office of the clerk of the municipality shall act as the agent of such commission, board or agency for the receipt of any petition, application, request or appeal.

(d) The provisions of subsection (a) of this section shall not apply to any action initiated by any zoning commission, planning commission or planning and zoning commission regarding adoption or change of any zoning regulation or boundary or any subdivision regulation.

(e) Notwithstanding the provisions of this section, if an application involves an activity regulated pursuant to sections 22a-36 to 22a-45 , inclusive, and the time for a decision by a zoning commission or planning and zoning commission established pursuant to this section would elapse prior to the thirty-fifth day after a decision by the inland wetlands agency, the time period for a decision shall be extended to thirty-five days after the decision of such agency. The provisions of this subsection shall not be construed to apply to any extension consented to by an applicant or petitioner.

(f) The zoning commission, planning commission, zoning and planning commission, zoning board of appeals, inland wetlands agency or aquifer protection agency shall notify the clerk of any adjoining municipality of the pendency of any application, petition, appeal, request or plan concerning any project on any site in which: (1) Any portion of the property affected by a decision of such commission, board or agency is within five hundred feet of the boundary of the adjoining municipality; (2) a significant portion of the traffic to the completed project on the site will use streets within the adjoining municipality to enter or exit the site; (3) a significant portion of the sewer or water drainage from the project on the site will flow through and significantly impact the drainage or sewerage system within the adjoining municipality; or (4) water runoff from the improved site will impact streets or other municipal or private property within the adjoining municipality. Such notice shall be made by certified mail, return receipt requested, and shall be mailed within seven days of the date of receipt of the application, petition, request or plan. Such adjoining municipality may, through a representative, appear and be heard at any hearing on any such application, petition, appeal, request or plan.

(g) (1) Any zoning commission, planning commission or planning and zoning commission initiating any action regarding adoption or change of any zoning regulation or boundary or any subdivision regulation or regarding the preparation or amendment of the plan of conservation and development shall provide notice of such action in accordance with this subsection in addition to any other notice required under any provision of the general statutes.

(2) A zoning commission, planning commission or planning and zoning commission shall establish a public notice registry of landowners, electors and nonprofit organizations qualified as tax-exempt organizations under the provisions of Section 501(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or any subsequent corresponding internal revenue code of the United States, as from time to time amended, requesting notice under this subsection. Each municipality shall notify residents of such registry and the process for registering for notice under this subsection. The zoning commission, planning commission or planning and zoning commission shall place on such registry the names and addresses of any such landowner, elector or organization upon written request of such landowner, elector or organization. A landowner, elector or organization may request such notice be sent by mail or by electronic mail. The name and address of a landowner, elector or organization who requests to be placed on the public notice registry shall remain on such registry for a period of three years after the establishment of such registry. Thereafter any land owner, elector or organization may request to be placed on such registry for additional periods of three years.

(3) Any notice under this subsection shall be mailed to all landowners, electors and organizations in the public notice registry not later than seven days prior to the commencement of the public hearing on such action, if feasible. Such notice may be mailed by electronic mail if the zoning commission, planning commission or planning and zoning commission or the municipality has an electronic mail service provider.

(4) No zoning commission, planning commission or planning and zoning commission shall be civilly liable to any landowner, elector or nonprofit organization requesting notice under this subsection with respect to any act done or omitted in good faith or through a bona fide error that occurred despite reasonable procedures maintained by the zoning commission, planning commission or planning and zoning commission to prevent such errors in complying with the provisions of this section.

Cited. 192 C. 353; 194 C. 187; 206 C. 554; 211 C. 331; 219 C. 352; 222 C. 269; 224 C. 44; 225 C. 432; Id., 575; 230 C. 641. If site plan and accompanying documents are separable, time constraints in section do not apply. 253 C. 183. When approval for site plan and special exception are separate actions, provisions re statutory timelines do not apply. Id., 195.

Cited. 3 CA 556; 7 CA 684; 15 CA 561; 17 CA 405. Requirements satisfied only by commencement of timely public hearing. 27 CA 412. Cited. 29 CA 469; 35 CA 599; 43 CA 512. When site plan is separable from its accompanying documents and the special permit application is for a use not permitted as of right, section is not applicable, and where the special permit application must contain a site plan, automatic approval under section may not occur if commission does not meet the time limits in Sec. 8-3c. 60 CA 504. Zoning board required to hold a hearing on plaintiff's zoning application. 69 CA 230. The absence of proposed locations contemplated by an applicant in the public notice renders such notice insufficient. 116 CA 542.

Cited. 42 CS 57.

Subsec. (a):

Cited. 209 C. 812; 222 C. 911.

Cited. 14 CA 365; 23 CA 256; 33 CA 281; 35 CA 317; Id., 599. Trial court properly determined that failure of planning and zoning commission to comply with statutory notice and hearing requirements entitled individual plaintiffs to automatic approval of their application for special permit and site plan approval; notice of commission hearing was invalid and because failure to give notice was a jurisdictional defect, action of commission in denying plaintiffs' application was void. 52 CA 763. There is no language in section indicating that if the commission chose to impose on an applicant a supplemental notice requirement by regulation, that the applicant's failure to comply with the supplemental notice provision would be attributable to the commission and trigger the lengthy appeal period in Sec. 8-8(r). 165 CA 488.

Cited. 41 CS 196.

Subsec. (b):

Cited. 194 C. 152; 209 C. 812; 211 C. 331; 222 C. 269; 226 C. 684. Applicant's submission of revised site plan did not create a new 65-day period within which planning and zoning commission could act. 278 C. 408.

Cited. 2 CA 489; 21 CA 347; Id., 421; 35 CA 317. Section not unconstitutional just because it does not expressly provide for a right of appeal from automatic approval of site plan applications. Id., 599. Cited. 37 CA 348.

Subsec. (f):

It is implicit in Subdiv. (2) that a zoning commission cannot unilaterally bind an adjoining town to a determination that the streets are adequate to handle traffic from a permitted land use in the first town, therefore adjoining town's claim that it had no choice but to close adjoining road has no merit. 295 C. 802.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 8-265ee — Connecticut Code / Title 8 / Chapter 134 / Section 8-265ee
Sec. 8-265ee. Notice to homeowner of foreclosure. Meeting or conference with mortgagee or consumer credit counseling agency.
Status: in_force

(b) Except in cases in which the mortgagee refuses to meet with the homeowner, if the homeowner fails to meet with the mortgagee or comply with any of the time limitations specified in the notice as provided in subsection (a) of this section, or if the homeowner's application is not filed by the date thirty days after the date of any default in payment under an agreement as provided in subsection (c) of this section or if the homeowner's application for emergency mortgage assistance payments is not approved by the date thirty calendar days after the date of receipt of the homeowner's application in accordance with the provisions of section 8-265ff , the foreclosure of the homeowner's mortgage may, at any time thereafter, except as provided in subsection (e) of this section, continue without any further restriction or requirement under the provisions of sections 8-265cc to 8-265kk , inclusive, provided the mortgagee files an affidavit with the court stating the notice provisions of subsection (a) of this section have been complied with and that either the homeowner failed to meet with the mortgagee or failed to comply with all of the time limitations specified in the notice as provided in subsection (a) of this section or that the homeowner's application for emergency assistance payments was not approved by the date thirty calendar days after the date of receipt of the homeowner's application, or that a determination of ineligibility was made.

(c) If, after a face-to-face meeting, telephone or other conference acceptable to the authority, as provided in subsection (a) of this section, the homeowner and the mortgagee reach an agreement to resolve the delinquency or default and, because of financial hardship due to circumstances beyond the homeowner's control, the homeowner is unable to fulfill the obligations of the agreement, the homeowner may apply to the authority for emergency mortgage assistance payments under sections 8-265cc to 8-265kk , inclusive, by the date thirty days after the date of any default in payment under the agreement. The mortgagee shall not be required to send any additional notice to the homeowner other than the notice required under subsection (a) of this section.

(d) Nothing in sections 8-265cc to 8-265kk , inclusive, shall prevent a homeowner from exercising rights that may exist under the foreclosure mediation program and those rights may be exercised concurrently with the rights afforded under sections 8-265cc to 8-265kk , inclusive, provided the exercise of rights under the foreclosure mediation program shall not cause a delay in the determination under subsection (e) of section 8-265ff . Nothing in sections 8-265cc to 8-265kk , inclusive, shall prevent a homeowner from applying or reapplying and being considered for emergency mortgage assistance if such homeowner is referred to the emergency mortgage assistance program by the foreclosure mediation program.

Subsec. (a):

Notice requirement is a mandatory condition precedent but not jurisdictional in nature and a mortgagee is required to provide notice for each foreclosure action initiated. 347 C. 381.

Subsec. does not require mailing of notice by return receipt requested and introduction of certified mail receipt into evidence as a condition precedent to foreclosure. 181 CA 248. Compliance with notice requirement, when applicable, is a condition precedent to the commencement of a foreclosure action and the failure by a mortgagee to provide such notice to the mortgagor deprives the trial court of subject matter jurisdiction over a foreclosure. 196 CA 636; judgment reversed, see 347 C. 381. When a mortgagee's initial in-court attempt to foreclose results in a dismissal of a foreclosure action, such that it must commence a foreclosure anew, Sec. 8-265ee(a) requires the mailing of a new EMAP notice in order to commence a subsequent foreclosure action. 206 CA 625.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 8-206e — Connecticut Code / Title 8 / Chapter 133 / Section 8-206e
Sec. 8-206e. Housing assistance and counseling demonstration program. Assisted living demonstration program in HUD Section 202 and Section 236 elderly housing developments. Regulations.
Status: in_force

(b) The Commissioner of Housing may, within available appropriations, enter into a contract or contracts to provide financial assistance in the form of grants-in-aid to nonprofit corporations, as defined in section 8-39 , to carry out the purposes of subsection (a) of this section.

(c) The Commissioner of Housing shall adopt regulations in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54 to carry out the purposes of subsections (a) and (b) of this section.

(d) The Commissioner of Housing shall establish a demonstration program in up to four United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, Section 202 or Section 236 elderly housing developments to provide assisted living services.

(e) The Commissioner of Housing shall establish criteria for making disbursements under the provisions of subsection (d) of this section which shall include, but are not limited to: (1) Size of the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, Section 202 and Section 236 elderly housing developments; (2) geographic locations in which the developments are located; (3) anticipated social and health value to the resident population; (4) each Section 202 and Section 236 housing development's designation as a managed residential community, as defined in section 19a-693 ; and (5) the potential community development benefit to the relevant municipality. Such criteria may specify who may apply for grants, the geographic locations determined to be eligible for grants, and the eligible costs for which a grant may be made. For the purposes of the demonstration program, multiple properties with overlapping board membership or ownership may be considered a single applicant.

(f) The Commissioner of Housing may adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, to implement the provisions of subsections (d) and (e) of this section.

See title 47a re landlord-tenant relationship.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 8-265tt — Connecticut Code / Title 8 / Chapter 134 / Section 8-265tt
Sec. 8-265tt. Definitions.
Status: in_force

(1) “Association” means an association of unit owners, as defined in section 47-68a , or an association or unit owners' association, each as defined in section 47-202 ;

(2) “Authority” means the Connecticut Housing Finance Authority created under section 8-244 ;

(3) “Bank” means a bank or an out-of-state bank, each as defined in section 36a-2 ;

(4) “Captive insurance company” means the captive insurance company established pursuant to section 38a-91vv ;

(5) “Credit union” means a Connecticut credit union or a federal credit union, each as defined in section 36a-2 ;

(6) “Department” means the Department of Banking;

(7) “Eligible borrower” means (A) the owner or occupant of a residential building who has received a participation agreement from the captive insurance company, (B) an association that has received a participation agreement or agreements from the captive insurance company, or (C) the owner or occupant of a single-family or multifamily residential dwelling, including, but not limited to, a residential unit in a condominium, as such terms are defined or used in section 47-68a or a unit that is used for residential purposes and located in a common interest community, as such terms are defined in section 47-202 , provided the association such dwelling is a part of has received a participation agreement or agreements from the captive insurance company concerning the building within which such dwelling is located;

(8) “Eligible financial institution” means a bank or credit union;

(9) “Participation agreement” means an agreement by the captive insurance company to pay for a portion of the cost to repair or replace a concrete foundation that has deteriorated due to the presence of pyrrhotite; and

(10) “Residential building” has the same meaning as provided in section 8-440 .
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 8-125 — Connecticut Code / Title 8 / Chapter 130 / Section 8-125
Sec. 8-125. Definitions.
Status: in_force

(1) “Redevelopment” means improvement by the rehabilitation or demolition of structures, by the construction of new structures, improvements or facilities, by the location or relocation of streets, parks and utilities, by replanning or by two or more of these methods;

(2) “Redevelopment area” means an area within the state that is deteriorated, deteriorating, substandard or detrimental to the safety, health, morals or welfare of the community. An area may consist partly or wholly of vacant or unimproved land or of land with structures and improvements thereon, and may include structures not in themselves substandard or insanitary which are found to be essential to complete an adequate unit of development, if the redevelopment area is deteriorated, deteriorating, substandard or detrimental to the safety, health, morals or welfare of the community. An area may include properties not contiguous to each other. An area may include all or part of the territorial limits of any fire district, sewer district, fire and sewer district, lighting district, village, beach or improvement association or any other district or association, wholly within a town and having the power to make appropriations or to levy taxes, whether or not such entity is chartered by the General Assembly;

(3) A “redevelopment plan” means a plan that includes: (A) (i) A description of the redevelopment area and the condition, type and use of the structures therein, and (ii) specification of each parcel proposed to be acquired, including parcels to be acquired by eminent domain; (B) the location and extent of the land uses proposed for and within the redevelopment area, such as housing, recreation, business, industry, schools, civic activities, open spaces or other categories of public and private uses; (C) the location and extent of streets and other public utilities, facilities and works within the redevelopment area; (D) schedules showing the number of families displaced by the proposed improvement, the method of temporary relocation of such families and the availability of sufficient suitable living accommodations at prices and rentals within the financial reach of such families and located within a reasonable distance of the area from which such families are displaced; (E) present and proposed zoning regulations in the redevelopment area; (F) a description of how the redevelopment area is deteriorated, deteriorating, substandard or detrimental to the safety, health, morals or welfare of the community; and (G) any other detail including financial aspects of redevelopment which, in the judgment of the redevelopment agency authorized herein, is necessary to give it adequate information;

(4) “Planning agency” means the existing city or town plan commission or, if such agency does not exist or is not created, the legislative body or agency designated by it;

(5) “Redeveloper” means any individual, group of individuals or corporation or any municipality or other public agency including any housing authority established pursuant to chapter 128;

(6) “Real property” means land, subterranean or subsurface rights, structures, any and all easements, air rights and franchises and every estate, right or interest therein; and

(7) “Deteriorated” or “deteriorating” with respect to a redevelopment area means an area within which at least twenty per cent of the buildings contain one or more building deficiencies or environmental deficiencies, including, but not limited to: (A) Defects that warrant clearance; (B) conditions from a defect that are not correctable by normal maintenance; (C) extensive minor defects that collectively have a negative effect on the surrounding area; (D) inadequate original construction or subsequent alterations; (E) inadequate or unsafe plumbing, heating or electrical facilities; (F) overcrowding or improper location of structures on land; (G) excessive density of dwelling units; (H) conversion of incompatible types of uses, such as conversion of a structure located near family dwelling units to rooming houses; (I) obsolete building types, such as large residences or other buildings which because of lack of use or maintenance have a blighting influence; (J) detrimental land uses or conditions, such as incompatible uses, structures in mixed use, or adverse influences from noise, smoke or fumes; (K) unsafe, congested, poorly designed, or otherwise deficient streets; (L) inadequate public utilities or community facilities that contribute to unsatisfactory living conditions or economic decline; or (M) other equally significant building deficiencies or environmental deficiencies.

Subdiv. (2) (former Subsec. (b)):

Inclusion within area of certain properties which are not substandard does not constitute unreasonable or arbitrary action because it is condition obtaining as to entire area and not as to individual properties which is determinative; addition of word “deteriorating” indicates legislative intent that Subsec. is to be liberally construed. 147 C. 321. Cited. 148 C. 517. In determination whether property which is not substandard is essential to plan of redevelopment, condition obtaining as to entire area and not as to individual properties is determinative; condition of plaintiff's buildings and use to which they are devoted have significance on question whether they could be successfully integrated into overall plan for area in order to achieve its objective; if they could not be, then acquisition of the property was essential to complete an adequate unit of development, even though the property was not, in itself, substandard. 150 C. 42. Property that is not substandard and is the subject of a taking within a redevelopment area must be essential to the redevelopment plan in order for the agency to justify its taking. 259 C. 592.

Legislature has delegated to redevelopment agencies power to determine what properties are necessary to take in order to accomplish public policy behind redevelopment. 85 CA 38.

Subdiv. (6) (former Subsec. (f)):

Real property for purpose of taking includes every structure affixed to the soil so as to become part of real estate. 173 C. 525.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 8-11a — Connecticut Code / Title 8 / Chapter 124 / Section 8-11a
Sec. 8-11a. Disqualification of board member as enforcement officer.
Status: in_force

Cited. 186 C. 106; 221 C. 374.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 8-139 — Connecticut Code / Title 8 / Chapter 130 / Section 8-139
Sec. 8-139. Joint action by two or more municipalities.
Status: in_force

See Sec. 7-137 re regional economic development commissions.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 8-244d — Connecticut Code / Title 8 / Chapter 134 / Section 8-244d
Sec. 8-244d. Bonds, notes or other obligations.
Status: in_force

See Sec. 32-1k for definitions.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 8-265ii — Connecticut Code / Title 8 / Chapter 134 / Section 8-265ii
Sec. 8-265ii. Adoption of procedures.
Status: in_force

(b) The authority may, from time to time, adopt procedures in accordance with section 1-121 to establish an aggregate limit on the amount of emergency mortgage assistance payments that a homeowner may receive under sections 8-265cc to 8-265kk , inclusive.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 8-37ttt — Connecticut Code / Title 8 / Chapter 127c / Section 8-37ttt
Sec. 8-37ttt. Standardized rental agreement forms.
Status: in_force

(b) Not later than December 1, 2028, the commissioner shall (1) translate the forms developed pursuant to subsection (a) of this section into the five most commonly spoken languages in the state, as determined by the commissioner, and (2) post such translations on the Department of Housing's Internet web site not later than December 1, 2028.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 8-37c — Connecticut Code / Title 8 / Chapter 127a / Section 8-37c
Sec. 8-37c. Compact.
Status: in_force

NEW ENGLAND INTERSTATE PLANNING COMPACT

Article I

Findings

New England is by virtue of geographic location and other characteristics a great population, cultural, economic, and resource area which, with more intense use of physical, social, and economic resources, increasingly requires coordinated planning as a basic ingredient of effective and orderly growth of the region. To this end, it is the intent of this compact to establish and provide for the operation of an interstate planning agency for New England.

Article II

Purpose

It is the purpose of this compact to provide, in the New England region, improved facilities and procedures for the coordination of the policies, programs, and activities of interstate significance in the New England region in the field of physical, social, and economic resources, and to study, investigate, and plan appropriate governmental activities with respect to the conservation, development and use of the same; to provide means by which interstate conflicts may be resolved; and to provide procedures for interstate coordination of the interests of all public and private agencies, persons and entities in the fields covered by this compact, and to provide an organization for cooperation in such coordination.

Article III

Creation of Commission

There is hereby created the New England Interstate Planning Commission, hereinafter called the Commission.

Article IV

Membership

The Commission shall consist of one member from each party state to be appointed and to serve, in accordance with and subject to the laws of the State which he represents. Any member of the Commission may be represented by an alternate with power to act in his place and stead, if the laws of his state so provide and if notice of the designation of such alternate is given to the Commission in such manner as its bylaws may provide.

Article V

Functions

To carry out the purpose of the compact it shall be the responsibility of the Commission to prepare studies and plans, and to recommend procedures for implementing coordination of the policies and programs and activities of interstate significance in the field of physical, social, and economic conservation and development in the New England region which may include the following:

(1) Collection and interpretation of basic data.

(2) Investigation, planning, and programming (including scheduling) of projects of interstate or regional significance.

(3) Planning and scheduling of governmental services and programs which would be of assistance to the orderly growth and prosperity of the region, and to the well-being of its population.

(4) Encouraging of the referral of plans or proposals for projects and programs of interstate or regional significance to the Commission.

(5) Studying and recommending means for the most effective utilization of such federal assistance as may be available on a regional basis or as may have an interstate or regional impact.

(6) Assisting the party states, or any of them, in cooperative planning undertakings with the federal government or any agencies thereof.

To avoid duplication of effort and in the interests of economy, the Commission shall make use of existing studies, surveys, plans, data, and other materials in the possession of the governmental agencies of the party states and their respective subdivisions or in the possession of other interstate agencies. Each such agency, within available appropriations and if not expressly prevented or limited by law, is hereby authorized to make such materials available to the Commission and to otherwise assist it in the performance of its functions. At the request of the Commission each such agency is further authorized to provide the Commission with information regarding plans and programs affecting the New England region so that the Commission may have available to it current information with respect thereto.

The Commission shall use qualified public and private agencies to make investigations and conduct research, but if it is unable to secure the undertaking of such investigations or original research by a qualified public or private agency, it shall have the power to make its own investigations and conduct its own research. The Commission may make contracts with any public or private agencies or private persons or entities for the undertaking of such investigations or original research within its purview.

The officers and personnel of agencies of the party states, and of any other government or agency whatever, or private citizens, or representatives of private organizations, may serve at the request of the Commission upon such advisory committees as the Commission may determine to create; and such officers and personnel of any such government or agency, may serve upon such committees without forfeiture of office or employment and with no loss or diminution in the status, rights and privileges which they otherwise enjoy.

Article VI

Cooperation with the Federal Government and Other Governmental Entities

Each party state is hereby authorized to participate in cooperative or joint planning undertakings with the federal government, any appropriate agency or agencies thereof, or with any interstate agency or agencies. Such participation shall be at the instance of the Governor or in such other manner as state law may provide or authorize. The Commission shall facilitate the work of state representatives in any joint interstate or cooperative federal-state undertaking authorized by this Article, and each such state shall keep the Commission advised of its activities in respect of such undertakings, to the extent that they have interstate or regional significance.

Article VII

Meetings and Voting

The Commission shall hold at least four regular meetings a year. No action of the Commission shall be binding unless taken at a meeting at which a majority of the Commission members are present and a majority of the total number of votes on the Commission are cast in favor thereof; provided that any action not binding by reason of failure to meet this requirement may be ratified within thirty days by the concurrence in writing of a majority of the Commission members.

Article VIII

Finances

A. The Commission shall submit to the Governor or designated officer of each party state a budget including a statement of all funds expected to be available to the Commission and their sources and, a request for an appropriation to cover that state's share of expenditures for such period as may be required by the laws of that jurisdiction for presentation to the legislature thereof.

B. With due regard for such moneys and other assistance as may be made available to it, the Commission shall be provided with such funds by each of the several states participating therein to provide the means of establishing and maintaining facilities, a staff of personnel, and such activities as may be necessary to fulfill the powers and duties imposed upon and entrusted to the Commission.

With due allowance for moneys otherwise available, each budget of the Commission shall be the responsibility of the party states, to be apportioned among them as follows: 50% on an equal basis; 30% on the basis of population; 20% on the basis of area, either within incorporated places, or places having units of local government, such population to be determined in accordance with the last official United States Census of Population.

C. The Commission shall not pledge the credit of any jurisdiction. The Commission may meet any of its obligations in whole or in part with funds available to it under Article IX (E) of this compact, provided that the Commission takes specific action setting aside such funds prior to the incurring of any obligation to be met in whole or in part in such manner.

D. The members of the Commission shall be paid by the Commission their actual expenses incurred and incidental to the performance of their duties, subject to the approval of the Commission.

E. The Commission shall keep accurate accounts of all receipts and disbursements. The receipts and disbursements of the Commission shall be subject to the audit and accounting procedures established under its bylaws. However, all receipts and disbursements of funds handled by the Commission shall be audited by a qualified public accountant and the report of the audit shall be included in and become a part of the annual report of the Commission.

F. The accounts of the Commission shall be open at any reasonable time for inspection by such agency, representatives, or representatives of the jurisdictions which appropriate funds to the Commission.

Article IX

Administration and Management

A. The Commission may sue and be sued and shall have a seal.

B. The Commission shall elect annually, from among its members, a chairman, vice-chairman and treasurer. The Commission shall appoint an executive director who shall also act as secretary, and together with the treasurer, shall be bonded in such amounts as the Commission may require.

C. The Commission shall appoint and remove or discharge such personnel as may be necessary for the performance of its functions irrespective of any civil service laws which might otherwise apply. The Commission shall establish and maintain, independently by contract or agreement, or in conjunction with any one or more of the party states, suitable retirement programs for its employees. Employees of the Commission shall be eligible for Social Security coverage in respect to Old Age and Survivors Insurance provided that the Commission takes such steps as may be necessary pursuant to federal law to participate in such program of insurance as a governmental agency or unit. The Commission may establish and maintain or participate in such additional programs of employee benefits as may be appropriate to afford employees of the Commission terms and conditions of employment similar to those enjoyed by employees of the party states generally.

D. The Commission may borrow, accept or contract for the services of personnel from any state or the United States or any subdivision or agency thereof, from any intergovernmental agency, or from any institution, person, firm or corporation.

E. The Commission may accept for any of its purposes and functions under this compact any and all appropriations, donations, and grants of money, equipment, supplies, materials and services, conditional or otherwise, from any state or the United States or any subdivision or agency thereof, or intergovernmental agency, or any institution, person, firm or corporation, and may receive, utilize and dispose of the same.

F. The Commission may establish and maintain such facilities as may be necessary for the transacting of its business. The Commission may acquire, hold, and convey real and personal property and any interest therein.

G. The Commission may adopt, amend, and rescind bylaws, rules, and regulations for the conduct of its business.

H. The Commission shall make and transmit annually, to the legislature and Governor of each party state, a report covering the activities of the Commission for the preceding year, and embodying such recommendations as may have been adopted by the Commission. The Commission may issue such additional reports as it may deem desirable.

Article X

Other Compacts and Activities

Nothing in this compact shall be construed to impair, or otherwise affect the jurisdiction of any interstate agency in which any party state participates nor to abridge, impair, or otherwise affect the provisions of any compact to which any one or more of the party states may be a party, nor to supersede, diminish, or otherwise affect any obligation assumed under any such compact; nor shall anything in this compact be construed to discourage additional interstate compacts among some or all of the party states or the establishment of intergovernmental agencies in subareas of the region. Nothing in this compact shall be construed to limit the jurisdiction or activities of any participating government, agency, or officer thereof, or any private person or agency.

Article XI

Enactment

This compact shall become effective when entered into and enacted into law by any three of the states of Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont. Thereafter it shall become effective with respect to any other aforementioned state upon its enacting this compact into law.

Article XII

Withdrawal

This compact shall continue in force and remain binding upon each party state until renounced by it. Renunciation of this compact must be preceded by sending three years' notice in writing of intention to withdraw from the compact to the Governor of each of the other states party hereto.

Article XIII

Construction and Severability

The provisions of this compact shall be severable and if any phrase, clause, sentence, or provision of this compact is declared to be unconstitutional or the applicability thereof, to any state, agency, person, or circumstance is held invalid, the constitutionality of the remainder of this compact and the applicability thereof, to any other state, agency, person, or circumstance shall not be affected thereby. It is the legislative intent that the provisions of this compact be reasonably and liberally construed.

Adopted by New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Maine.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 8-37z — Connecticut Code / Title 8 / Chapter 127c / Section 8-37z
Sec. 8-37z. Duties of commissioners re involuntary displacement of residents of single-family or multifamily dwellings. Regulations.
Status: in_force

(b) The Commissioner of Housing, in consultation with the Commissioner of Economic and Community Development, may adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, to carry out the purposes of this section.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 8-169qq — Connecticut Code / Title 8 / Chapter 130 / Section 8-169qq
Sec. 8-169qq. Establishment and use of special capital reserve funds. Required minimum capital reserve. Conditions for bond issuance.
Status: in_force

(b) The authority may, in connection with the issuance of bonds, the refunding of bonds previously issued by the authority or the issuance of bonds to effect a refinancing or other restructuring with respect to one or more projects, establish one or more special capital reserve funds. The authority may pay into such special capital reserve funds (1) any moneys appropriated and made available by the state for the purposes of such special capital reserve funds, (2) any proceeds of the sale of bonds or notes of the authority, to the extent provided in the resolution of said authority authorizing the issuance of such bonds or notes, and (3) any moneys made available to the authority from any other source for the purposes of such special capital reserve funds. The amount of bonds of the authority secured by special capital reserve funds shall not exceed fifty million dollars in the aggregate.

(c) (1) Except as otherwise provided in this section, the moneys held in or credited to any special capital reserve fund established under this section shall be used for:

(A) The payment of the principal and interest as such payments become due, whether due at maturity or by mandatory sinking fund installments, on bonds of the authority secured by such special capital reserve fund; or

(B) The purchase of such bonds and the payment of any redemption premium required to be paid when such bonds are redeemed prior to maturity, including reimbursement of a provider of bond insurance or of a credit or liquidity facility that has paid such redemption premium.

(2) The authority may prohibit, except for the purpose of paying the principal of and interest and redemption premium on bonds of the authority secured by a special capital reserve fund for which other moneys of the authority are not available, the withdrawal of moneys in any special capital reserve fund in an amount that would result in the balance of such special capital reserve fund being less than (A) the maximum amount of principal and interest becoming due by reason of maturity or a required sinking fund installment on the bonds of the authority outstanding in the then current or any succeeding calendar year, or (B) the required minimum capital reserve.

(3) The authority may provide at any time that it shall not issue bonds secured by a special capital reserve fund if the required minimum capital reserve on the bonds outstanding and the bonds to be issued and secured by the same special capital reserve fund at the time of issuance exceeds the moneys in the special capital reserve fund, unless the authority deposits proceeds from the bonds to be issued or moneys from other sources into such special capital reserve fund, in an amount that, together with the amount then in such special capital reserve fund, will be not less than the required minimum capital reserve.

(d) (1) (A) Prior to December first, annually, the authority shall deposit, for any special capital reserve fund for which the balance is below the required minimum capital reserve, the full amount required to meet the required minimum capital reserve for such special capital reserve fund. Such deposit shall be made from any resources available to the authority not otherwise pledged or dedicated to another purpose.

(B) On or prior to December first, annually, but after the authority has made any deposits required under subparagraph (A) of this subdivision, there shall be deemed appropriated from the General Fund any sums necessary to restore the balance of each such special capital reserve fund to the required minimum capital reserve amount. The amount of any such sum shall be allotted and paid to the authority upon the certification of such sum by the chairperson or vice-chairperson of the authority to the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management, the Treasurer and the joint standing committees of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to planning and development and finance, revenue and bonding.

(C) For the purposes of this subdivision, obligations acquired as an investment for any special capital reserve fund shall be valued at amortized cost.

(2) Subject to any agreement or agreements with holders of outstanding bonds or notes of the authority, any amount allotted and paid to the authority pursuant to subdivision (1) of this subsection shall be repaid to the state from moneys of the authority, at such time as such moneys are not required for any other corporate purposes of the authority. Such repayment shall occur not later than one year after the date the following liabilities are met and fully discharged by the authority: (A) All bonds and notes of the authority that were issued before, on or after the date such allotted amount was paid to the authority; (B) all interest on such bonds and notes and on any unpaid installments of interest; and (C) all costs and expenses incurred in connection with any action or proceeding by or on behalf of the holders of such bonds or notes.

(e) (1) The authority shall not issue bonds secured by a special capital reserve fund until and unless:

(A) The authority has determined, and has provided such determination to the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management or the secretary's deputy and to the Treasurer or the Deputy Treasurer, that the revenues from the project shall be sufficient to (i) pay the principal of and interest on the bonds issued to finance the project, (ii) establish, increase and maintain any reserves deemed advisable by the authority to secure the payment of the principal of and interest on such bonds, (iii) pay the cost of maintaining the project in good repair and properly insured, and (iv) pay such other costs of the project as may be required;

(B) The issuance has been approved by the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management or the secretary's deputy; and

(C) The authority has provided the documentation required under subsection (a) of section 1-124 to the Treasurer or the Deputy Treasurer and the issuance has been approved by the Treasurer or the Deputy Treasurer pursuant to said subsection.

(2) The approval by the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management or the secretary's deputy may provide for the waiver or modification of the requirements of this section as the secretary deems necessary or appropriate to effectuate such issuance, subject to any applicable tax covenants of the authority and the state.

(f) Nothing in this section shall preclude the authority from establishing other debt service reserve funds that are not special capital reserve funds in connection with the issuance of bonds or notes of the authority.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 8-13r — Connecticut Code / Title 8 / Chapter 124b / Section 8-13r
Sec. 8-13r. Incentive housing zone certificate of compliance.
Status: repealed

(1) The zoning commission of the municipality has not amended or repealed any portion of the regulations or design standards in the incentive housing zone without approval of the commissioner as required by sections 8-13o and 8-13q ;

(2) The approval of the incentive housing zone has not been revoked by the commissioner;

(3) The municipality is making reasonable efforts to assist and promote approval of incentive housing development and construction of housing within the approved zone or zones; and

(4) The zoning commission has not unreasonably denied any application for site plan or subdivision approval, or other necessary coordinating permits or approvals, and has only denied applications in a manner consistent with the provisions of section 8-13t .

(b) If the information required pursuant to subsection (a) of this section has been submitted by a municipality in a timely manner, and the commissioner makes a determination that the municipality has met the requirements of sections 8-13m to 8-13x , inclusive, the commissioner shall issue compliance certificates by October first annually. If the commissioner determines that the municipality is in material noncompliance with the requirements of sections 8-13m to 8-13x , inclusive, the commissioner, after notice and hearing pursuant to chapter 54, may revoke certification. Any revocation of certification, or other sanctions imposed by the commissioner under section 8-13v , shall not affect the validity of the incentive housing zone regulations or the application of such regulations to a pending or approved development application within the incentive housing zone, but shall render the municipality ineligible for financial incentive payments set forth in section 8-13s .
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 8-37ss — Connecticut Code / Title 8 / Chapter 127c / Section 8-37ss
Sec. 8-37ss. Housing funds consolidation. Procedures.
Status: reserved

(b) On or after the calculation date the commissioner shall file with the State Bond Commission and the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of all matters relating to finance, revenue and bonding a plan for consolidation of all prior bond funds. Such plan shall request the State Bond Commission to approve: (1) The use of the total of all net available balance surpluses to pay for the total of all net available balance deficits, except to the extent the Treasurer determines that any such use could adversely affect the exclusion from gross income of the interest on any of the state's bonds; (2) the application of the net available balance of the Housing Repayment and Revolving Loan Fund to pay for net available balance deficits in prior bond funds not paid for from net available balance surpluses in prior bond funds; and (3) allocations and bond authorizations of the State Bond Commission, in accordance with section 3-20 to pay for any net available balance deficits in prior bond funds not paid for either from net available balance surpluses in prior bond funds or from the net available balance of the Housing Repayment and Revolving Loan Fund. Such plan shall also set forth the total of all reserved amounts to be transferred to the Housing Repayment and Revolving Loan Fund pursuant to subsection (c) of this section. The State Bond Commission may approve such plan notwithstanding restrictions as to the use of moneys in any prior bond fund or the Housing Repayment and Revolving Loan Fund imposed by any provision of the general statutes or any public or special act.

(c) On the consolidation date, the commissioner shall: (1) Implement the plan for consolidation described in subsection (b) of this section, applying net available balance surpluses, if any, moneys from the Housing Repayment and Revolving Loan Fund, if any, and the proceeds of allocations and bond authorizations, if any, as called for in such plan to pay for all net available balance deficits in all prior bond funds; and (2) transfer all reserved amounts to the Housing Repayment and Revolving Loan Fund, and upon such transfer, all prior bond funds shall be terminated. The commissioner shall establish such subaccounts, if any, within the Housing Repayment and Revolving Loan Fund as are determined by the commissioner, Treasurer, and Comptroller and Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management to be necessary to preserve the exclusion from gross income of interest on any of the state's bonds or to serve the administrative convenience of the state.

(d) Following the consolidation date, notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes or any public or special act or action of the State Bond Commission prior to the consolidation date, all expenditures previously approved for payment from a prior bond fund shall be paid from consolidated amounts in the Housing Repayment and Revolving Loan Fund and all revenues, payments and reimbursements that would otherwise have been deposited in a prior bond fund shall be added to the consolidated amounts in the Housing Repayment and Revolving Loan Fund.

(e) Following the consolidation date, the commissioner and secretary of the State Bond Commission shall maintain a record of consolidated amounts and reserved amounts. Notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes or any public or special act, the commissioner may request and the State Bond Commission may approve the reuse of any consolidated amounts that are not reserved amounts for any bond-financed state housing program, including administrative expense.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 8-359b — Connecticut Code / Title 8 / Chapter 138b / Section 8-359b
Sec. 8-359b. (Formerly Sec. 17b-800a). Shelters and services for homeless children and families. Relief from income garnishment orders. Duties of Department of Education.
Status: in_force

(b) The Department of Social Services, in consultation with appropriate state agencies and within available appropriations, shall work, in accordance with state and federal law, to seek relief from income garnishment orders through the appropriate judicial authority if it is deemed appropriate to be in the best interests of children and families.

(c) The Department of Education, in consultation with appropriate departments, shall seek full utilization of the federal McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act to protect children falling into homelessness from school failure and dropping out of school and to improve access to higher education.

See Sec. 4-165c re immunity of the state and its officials, employees and agents.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 8-216 — Connecticut Code / Title 8 / Chapter 133 / Section 8-216
Sec. 8-216. State reimbursement for tax abatements. Payment in lieu of taxes on housing authority or state land.
Status: in_force

(b) The state, acting by and in the discretion of the Commissioner of Housing, may enter into a contract with a municipality and the housing authority of the municipality or with the Connecticut Housing Finance Authority or any subsidiary created by the authority pursuant to section 8-242a or 8-244 or with a successor owner to make payments in lieu of taxes to the municipality on land and improvements owned or leased by the housing authority or the Connecticut Housing Finance Authority or successor owner under the provisions of part II of chapter 128. On and after July 1, 1997, the time period of the contract may include the remaining years of operation of the project. Such payments shall be made annually in an amount equal to the taxes that would be paid on such property were the property not exempt from taxation, and shall be calculated by multiplying the assessed value of such property, which shall be determined by the tax assessor of such municipality in the manner used by such assessor for assessing the value of other real property, by the applicable tax rate of the municipality. Such contract shall provide that, in consideration of such grant-in-aid, the municipality shall waive during the period of such contract any payments by the housing authority or the Connecticut Housing Finance Authority or successor owner to the municipality under the provisions of section 8-71 , and shall further provide that the amount of the payments so waived shall be used by the housing authority or the Connecticut Housing Finance Authority or successor owner for a program of social and supplementary services to the occupants or shall be applied to the operating costs or reserves of the property, or shall be used to maintain or improve the physical quality of the property. As used in this subsection, a “successor owner” means an entity that owns a housing project developed pursuant to part II of chapter 128 after the revitalization of such project pursuant to a plan approved by the commissioner.

(c) The state, after it has entered into a contract with a municipality for financial assistance under this section, shall have the right to appeal or make application for relief from any assessment of any real property with respect to which reimbursement for tax abatement or a payment in lieu of taxes is made, in the manner provided by sections 12-111 to 12-119 , inclusive, and no increase in assessed valuation of such property after such contract has been entered into shall be binding upon the commissioner unless notice of such increase has been given to the commissioner in the manner provided for giving notice of such an increase to the owners of real property. In any such proceeding the state shall have the same procedural rights as the owner of such property and shall act in accordance with the procedures and rules of law applicable to such owner.

(d) The state, acting by and in the discretion of the Commissioner of Housing, may enter into a contract with a municipality to make payments in lieu of taxes to the municipality on land and improvements owned or leased by said commissioner pursuant to chapter 129. Such payments shall be made annually in an amount equal to the taxes that would be paid on such property were the property not exempt from taxation, and shall be calculated by multiplying the assessed value of such property, which shall be determined by the tax assessor of such municipality in the manner used by such assessor for assessing the value of other real property, by the applicable tax rate of the municipality. Such contract shall provide that, in consideration of such grant-in-aid the municipality shall waive any payments by the state to the municipality under the provisions of a cooperation agreement between the municipality and said commissioner.

(e) The financial assistance authorized by subsection (a) of this section shall not be extended to assist housing sponsored by a profit-motivated sponsor, unless the commissioner, upon advice by the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development or the Connecticut Housing Finance Authority shall determine that the mortgage loan financing such housing would not be insurable or feasible in the absence of such assistance.

(f) The Commissioner of Housing may amend any contracts entered into prior to October 1, 1969, under subsection (a) of this section, by increasing, up to a maximum of forty consecutive fiscal years of the municipality, the term of reimbursement for tax abatements provided for therein.

See Sec. 8-226 re use of prior bond proceeds for purposes of this section.

Cited. 206 C. 711.

Cited. 12 CA 499.

Tax abatement constitutes a subsidy to landlord supporting conclusion that activities of landlord are “state action” re federal constitution. 33 CS 15.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 8-265vv — Connecticut Code / Title 8 / Chapter 134 / Section 8-265vv
Sec. 8-265vv. Loans.
Status: in_force

(1) The eligible borrower demonstrates to the satisfaction of the financial institution that the eligible borrower has a participation agreement or participation agreements with the captive insurance company, or in the case of an owner or occupant described in subparagraph (C) of subdivision (7) of section 8-265tt , that the association such owner or occupant's dwelling is a part of has such a participation agreement or agreements.

(2) The loan shall (A) be secured (i) by a mortgage deed on the eligible borrower's residential building, or (ii) if the eligible borrower is an association, by a mortgage deed in real property, an encumbrance on the association's common elements, a security interest in the income of the association, including receivables or unit owner assessments, a security interest in any equipment the purchase of which was financed by the loan, or a combination thereof, (B) be made in accordance with the eligible financial institution's underwriting policy and standards, (C) be in an amount not to exceed seventy-five thousand dollars, or in the case of an association, an amount not to exceed the product of seventy-five thousand dollars multiplied by the number of buildings, within which one or more units are located, referenced in the participation agreement or agreements, and (D) bear an interest rate that does not exceed the applicable rate of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston for Amortizing Advances through the New England Fund program. For the purposes of this subdivision, “applicable rate” means the New England Fund rate that (i) is published on the Internet web site of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston as of the date the interest rate is locked-in by the eligible borrower and financial institution, and (ii) has an advance term and amortization schedule that most closely corresponds to the term and amortization schedule of the loan being made by the participating eligible financial institution.

(3) The eligible financial institution may recover up to eight hundred dollars from the eligible borrower, or up to one-half of one per cent of the amount of the loan in the case of a loan to an eligible borrower that is an association, for expenses paid by the eligible financial institution to third parties for services related to processing the application and closing the loan, including obtaining a credit report, flood certification, title search, appraisal or other valuation, and any recording fees. Such expenses may be financed as part of the loan subject to the seventy-five-thousand-dollar limit described in subparagraph (C) of subdivision (2) of this subsection or paid separately by the eligible borrower.

(4) The loan agreement shall require the eligible borrower to repay the loan in full not later than twenty years after the date the loan is issued.

(5) The loan proceeds shall be used by the borrower only for eligible repair expenses. For the purposes of this subdivision, “eligible repair expenses” means repair or replacement expenses that are (A) necessary to complete the repair or replacement of the foundation, or (B) otherwise necessary to restore the functionality and appearance of the property to the extent that the functionality and appearance of the property were compromised by the deterioration of the foundation or the demolition and construction process, including, but not limited to, the repair or replacement of wall framing, drywall, paint and other wall finishes, porches or decks, gutters, landscaping, outbuildings or sheds and swimming pools. “Eligible repair expenses” do not include any costs associated with significant upgrades to the property that are not otherwise included in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of this subdivision. A participating eligible financial institution may decline an application for a loan under the program that includes a request to fund expenses associated with upgrades to the property that may not qualify as eligible repair expenses, but the failure to do so shall not affect the ability of the eligible financial institution to include the loan in the loan guarantee program for the full amount of principal extended to the eligible borrower.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 8-39 — Connecticut Code / Title 8 / Chapter 128 / Section 8-39
Sec. 8-39. Definitions.
Status: in_force

(a) “Area of operation” includes the municipality in which a housing authority is created under the provisions of this chapter and may include a neighboring municipality, provided the governing body of such neighboring municipality agrees by proper resolution to the extension of the area of operation to include such neighboring municipality.

(b) “Authority” or “housing authority” means any of the public corporations created by section 8-40 , and the Connecticut Housing Authority when exercising the rights, powers, duties or privileges of, or subject to the immunities or limitations of, housing authorities pursuant to section 8-121 .

(c) “Bonds” means any bonds, including refunding bonds, notes, interim certificates, debentures or other obligations issued by the authority pursuant to this chapter.

(d) “Clerk” means the clerk of the particular city, borough or town for which a particular housing authority is created.

(e) “Families of low income” means families who lack the amount of income which is necessary, as determined by the authority undertaking the housing project, to enable them, without financial assistance, to live in decent, safe and sanitary dwellings, without overcrowding.

(f) “Families of low and moderate income” means families who lack the amount of income which is necessary, as determined by the Commissioner of Housing, to enable them to rent or purchase moderate cost housing without financial assistance as provided by this part and parts II and III of this chapter.

(g) “Federal government” includes the United States of America, the federal emergency administration of public works or any other agency or instrumentality, corporate or otherwise, of the United States of America.

(h) “Governing body” means, for towns having a town council, the council; for other towns, the selectmen; for cities, the common council or other similar body of officials; and for boroughs, the warden and burgesses.

(i) “Housing project” means any work or undertaking (1) to demolish, clear or remove buildings from any slum area, which work or undertaking may embrace the adaptation of such area to public purposes, including parks or other recreational or community purposes; or (2) to provide decent, safe and sanitary urban or rural dwellings, apartments or other living accommodations for families of low or moderate income, which work or undertaking may include buildings, land, equipment, facilities and other real or personal property for necessary, convenient or desirable appurtenances, streets, sewers, water service, parks, site preparation, gardening, administrative, community, recreational, commercial or welfare purposes and may include the acquisition and rehabilitation of existing dwelling units or structures to be used for moderate or low rental units; or (3) to accomplish a combination of the foregoing. The term “housing project” also may be applied to the planning of the buildings and improvements, the acquisition of property, the demolition of existing structures, the construction, reconstruction, alteration and repair of the improvements and all other work in connection therewith and may include the reconstruction, rehabilitation, alteration, or major repair of existing buildings or improvements which were undertaken pursuant to parts II and VI of this chapter.

(j) “Mayor” means, for cities, the mayor and, for boroughs, the warden.

(k) “Moderate rental” means a rental which, as determined by an authority with the concurrence of the Commissioner of Housing, is below the level at which private enterprise is currently building a needed volume of safe and sanitary dwellings for rental in the locality involved; and “moderate rental housing project” means a housing project, receiving state aid in the form of loans or grants, for families unable to pay more than moderate rental. Such project may include the reconstruction, rehabilitation, alteration, or major repair of existing buildings or improvements which were undertaken pursuant to parts II or VI of this chapter.

(l) “Municipality” means any city, borough or town. “The municipality” means the particular municipality for which a particular housing authority is created.

(m) “Obligee of the authority” or “obligee” includes any bondholder, trustee or trustees for any bondholders, or lessor demising to the authority property used in connection with a housing project, or any assignee or assignees of such lessor's interest or any part thereof, and the state or federal government when it is a party to any contract with the authority.

(n) “Real property” includes all lands, including improvements and fixtures thereon, and property of any nature appurtenant thereto, or used in connection therewith, and every estate, interest and right, legal or equitable, therein, including terms for years and liens by way of judgment, mortgage or otherwise and the indebtedness secured by such liens.

(o) “Rent” means the entire amount paid to an authority for any dwelling unit.

(p) “Shelter rent” means rent less any charges made by an authority for water, heat, gas and electricity.

(q) “Slum” means any area where dwellings predominate which, by reason of dilapidation, overcrowding, faulty arrangement or design, lack of ventilation, light or sanitary facilities, or any combination of these factors, are detrimental to safety, health and morals.

(r) “State public body” means any city, borough, town, municipal corporation, district or other subdivision of the state.

(s) “Veteran” has the meaning assigned by section 27-103 and includes any officer of the United States Public Health Service detailed by proper authority to duty with any of the armed forces and the spouse or widow or widower of such veteran, provided such veteran shall have served for a period of ninety days or more in time of war after December 7, 1941, and shall have resided in this state at any time continuously for two years.

(t) “Family” means a household consisting of one or more persons.

(u) “Eligible developer” or “developer” means (1) a nonprofit corporation; (2) any business corporation incorporated pursuant to chapter 601 or any predecessor statutes thereto, having as one of its purposes the construction, rehabilitation, ownership or operation of housing, and having articles of incorporation approved by the commissioner in accordance with regulations adopted pursuant to section 8-79a or 8-84 ; (3) any partnership, limited partnership, joint venture, trust, limited liability company or association having as one of its purposes the construction, rehabilitation, ownership or operation of housing, and having basic documents of organization approved by the commissioner in accordance with regulations adopted pursuant to section 8-79a or 8-84 ; (4) a housing authority; (5) a family or person approved by the commissioner as qualified to own, construct, rehabilitate, manage and maintain housing under a mortgage loan made or insured under an agreement entered into pursuant to the provisions of this chapter; or (6) a municipal developer.

(v) “Mortgage” means a mortgage deed, deed of trust, or other instrument which shall constitute a lien, whether first or second, on real estate or on a leasehold under a lease having a remaining term, at the time such mortgage is acquired, which does not expire for at least that number of years beyond the maturity date of the obligation secured by such mortgage as is equal to the number of years remaining until the maturity date of such obligation.

(w) “Nonprofit corporation” means a nonprofit corporation incorporated pursuant to chapter 602 or any predecessor statutes thereto, having as one of its purposes the construction, rehabilitation, ownership or operation of housing and having articles of incorporation approved by the Commissioner of Housing in accordance with regulations adopted pursuant to section 8-79a or 8-84 .

(x) “Municipal developer” means a municipality, as defined in subsection (l) of this section, which has not declared by resolution a need for a housing authority pursuant to section 8-40 , acting by and through its legislative body, except that in any town in which a town meeting or representative town meeting is the legislative body, “municipal developer” means the board of selectmen if such board is authorized to act as the municipal developer by the town meeting or representative town meeting.

Cited. 144 C. 195. Subdiv. (n): General allegation that property was depreciated by erection of housing project nearby not sufficient for injunction or declaratory judgment re constitutionality of act. 145 C. 196. Cited. 216 C. 112; 220 C. 556.

Cited. 12 CA 499. Subdiv. (i): Although Subdiv. requires a housing project to provide living accommodations for families of low or moderate income, it does not expressly require that one must provide such accommodations exclusively for families of low or moderate income. 99 CA 196.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 8-24 — Connecticut Code / Title 8 / Chapter 126 / Section 8-24
Sec. 8-24. Municipal improvements.
Status: in_force

Cited. 148 C. 517; 149 C. 719; 153 C. 194. Rezoning of an area approved by zoning commission but opposed by planning commission, reversed by courts where “transportation, water and sewerage” was lacking as planning commission could refuse approval also of new facilities for area. 154 C. 202, 210. Only two acts of planning board are binding without further action by other municipal agencies; designation of and assessments for municipal improvements and action on subdivision plan. 159 C. 1. Cited. Id., 423; 160 C. 295. Whether town has abandoned a particular street, thus necessitating referral to the town planning and zoning commission, is a question of fact, to be determined from the circumstances. 174 C. 282. Legislature intended that coastal site plan review be part of planning or zoning application or referral under section as listed in Sec. 22a-105(b) and not a separate review; report issued by planning and zoning commission pursuant to such referral is purely advisory and is not appealable. 266 C. 338.

Cited. 2 CA 213; 21 CA 77; 26 CA 540.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 8-35a — Connecticut Code / Title 8 / Chapter 127 / Section 8-35a
Sec. 8-35a. Regional plan of conservation and development. Assistance to municipalities or other public agencies.
Status: in_force

(b) Before adopting the regional plan of conservation and development or any part thereof or amendment thereto the regional council of governments shall hold at least one public hearing thereon, notice of the time, place and subject of which shall be given in writing to the chief executive officer and planning commission, where one exists, of each member town, city or borough. Notice of the time, place and subject of such hearing shall be published once in a newspaper having a substantial circulation in the region. Such notices shall be given not more than twenty days or less than ten days before such hearing. At least sixty-five days before the public hearing the regional council of governments shall post the plan on the Internet web site of the council, if any, and submit the plan to the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management for findings in the form of comments and recommendations. By October 1, 2011, the secretary shall establish, by regulations adopted in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, criteria for such findings which shall include procedures for a uniform review of regional plans of conservation and development to determine if a proposed regional plan of conservation and development is not inconsistent with the state plan of conservation and development and the state economic strategic plan. The regional council of governments shall note on the record any inconsistency with the state plan of conservation and development and the reasons for such inconsistency. Adoption of the plan or part thereof or amendment thereto shall be made by the affirmative vote of not less than a majority of the representatives on the council. The plan shall be posted on the Internet web site of the council, if any, and a copy of the plan or of any amendments thereto, signed by the chairman of the council, shall be transmitted to the chief executive officers, the town, city or borough clerks, as the case may be, and to planning commissions, if any, in member towns, cities or boroughs, and to the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management, or his or her designee. The regional council of governments shall notify the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management of any inconsistency with the state plan of conservation and development and the reasons therefor.

(c) The regional council of governments shall assist municipalities within its region and state agencies and may assist other public and private agencies in developing and carrying out any regional plan or plans of such council. The regional council of governments may provide administrative, management, technical or planning assistance to municipalities within its region and other public agencies under such terms as it may determine, provided, prior to entering into an agreement for assistance to any municipality or other public agency, the regional council of governments shall have adopted a policy governing such assistance. The regional council of governments may be compensated by the municipality or other public agency with which an agreement for assistance has been made for all or part of the cost of such assistance.

See Sec. 25-206 re consistency of regional plan of conservation and development with approved river corridor protection plan.

See Sec. 25-236 re consistency of regional plan of conservation and development with approved river corridor management plan.

See Sec. 32-7 re assistance to municipal and regional economic development agencies.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 8-80 — Connecticut Code / Title 8 / Chapter 128 / Section 8-80
Sec. 8-80. Issuance of bonds and notes.
Status: reserved

(b) Such bond shall be sold at not less than par and accrued interest, shall be issued as serial or term bonds or any combination thereof, shall be in such form, either coupon or registered and carry such conversion or registration privileges, shall bear interest at such rate or rates and on such date or dates as the State Bond Commission shall determine, shall be payable at the Treasurer's office in Hartford and at such other place or places as the Treasurer may determine on dates to be determined by the State Bond Commission and shall be signed in the name of the state by the Governor, the State Treasurer and the Comptroller manually or by facsimile signature.

(c) The State Treasurer shall, at least ten days before the date of issue of any bonds, advertise for proposals for bids for such portion of such bonds as has been determined to be issued at such date, such proposals to be under seal and opened in public by said Treasurer at some time and place by him appointed. Such bids shall contain proposals for the rate of interest to be paid on the interest coupons and shall be submitted in eighths of one per cent and multiples thereof. The State Treasurer shall have the power to reject any and all bids and to readvertise for the sale of such bonds.

(d) Such notes shall be sold at not less than par and accrued interest, shall be in such form as may be determined by the State Bond Commission and shall be signed in the name of the state by the State Treasurer or his deputy. They shall be sold at public sale on such notice and terms as said commission shall determine and the Treasurer shall have the power to reject any and all bids and to readvertise the sale of such notes.

(e) The proceeds from the sale of such bonds and notes, except refunding bonds and notes, shall be deposited in a fund designated the “Rental Housing Fund”, which fund shall be used to provide the state financial assistance authorized by section 8-70 . Payments from the fund to eligible developers shall be made by the State Treasurer on certification of the Commissioner of Housing in accordance with the contract for financial assistance between the state and such developer. All payments by a developer of interest and principal on loans by the state and of state service charges, as authorized by section 8-70 , shall be paid to the State Treasurer for deposit in said fund. State service charges, as authorized by section 8-72 , shall be paid to the State Treasurer for deposit in the Housing Repayment and Revolving Loan Fund. The principal of, and interest on, bonds and notes referred to in subsection (a) of this section, not paid from refunding bonds and notes, shall be paid first out of the moneys in the Rental Housing Fund, and if in any year said fund is not sufficient, then such deficit shall be paid from the General Fund of the state; and if in any year said fund is more than sufficient to meet the principal of the bonds and notes maturing in such year and the interest thereon, the excess shall be applied to the payment of, and principal on, the bonds and notes maturing in any succeeding year or years. Notwithstanding the next preceding sentence, whenever the State Bond Commission authorizes the issuance of a series of bonds which consist of or include term bonds, it shall determine whether or not the annual sinking fund requirement for such term bonds shall be paid out of the moneys in the Rental Housing Fund or out of moneys in the General Fund of the state; if the State Bond Commission determines not to use such moneys in said Rental Housing Fund therefor, such moneys shall be used and expended to pay interest and redemption premium, if any, on any rental housing bonds or notes, or the principal of any rental housing notes or serial bonds, or the principal upon redemption of such term bonds, or to purchase and retire any rental housing bond at a price not to exceed the principal amount thereof and, notwithstanding the foregoing provisions may be used in whole or in part in any year to assist housing projects in the state upon the prior approval of the State Bond Commission of a request by the Commissioner of Housing which request shall briefly identify the projects and state the amount of such moneys to be used and expended therefor. Amounts paid from the General Fund to cover any deficits in the Rental Housing Fund, including any such amounts paid prior to July 1, 1994, shall be deemed appropriated for such purpose.

(f) The State Treasurer is authorized to invest such moneys in the Rental Housing Fund as he deems to be available for such purpose in obligations of or guaranteed by the state or the United States of America or agencies or instrumentalities thereof and, without limitation on the foregoing, in such other obligations, including time deposits or certificates of deposit, as may be permitted investments by the Treasurer for the General Fund of the state and secured in such manner as the Treasurer may require.

(g) Whenever the State Bond Commission authorizes the issuance of a series of bonds which consist of or include term bonds, the commission shall establish by resolution a sinking fund for such series which fund shall be held as the commission shall determine, by a trustee or by the Treasurer separate and apart from other funds of the state and shall be used and applied only to the payment of principal of and redemption premium, if any, on the term bonds of such series whether at maturity or on the redemption date thereof. The amount of the annual sinking fund requirement for the outstanding term bonds of such series shall be determined by the commission in such resolution but shall not be less than an amount which, computed from the date of such term bonds or from the last maturity date of any serial bonds of such series of bonds, whichever is later, would if thereafter annually contributed to such fund, with the fund and with the accumulations thereon invested at a rate of four per cent per annum, produce at the date of maturity of such term bonds an amount equal to the amount of such term bonds and shall be deposited in the sinking fund from the General Fund of the state annually commencing one year after the date of the bonds or after the last maturity date of any serial bonds of such series of bonds, whichever is later. Any part of the annual sinking fund requirement, which arises from deposit in the sinking fund of moneys from the Rental Housing Fund, when permitted pursuant to this section, shall be deducted from the amount of the annual sinking fund requirement to be paid from the General Fund of the state. Appropriation of all amounts necessary to meet the annual sinking fund requirement is hereby made and the State Bond Commission is hereby authorized to include as part of the contract of the state with the holders of such term bonds, provisions as to the pledging, or the application, use and disposition of all or any part of the sinking fund. The state pledges to and agrees with the holders of such term bonds that, from and after the date of issuance of any bonds for which a pledge of the moneys in the sinking fund has been made and until all such bonds together with interest thereon, with interest on any unpaid installments of interest and of costs and expenses in connection with any action or proceedings by or on behalf of such holders are fully met and discharged, or unless expressly permitted or otherwise authorized by the terms of each contract and agreement made or entered into by or on behalf of the state with or for the benefit of such holders, the state (1) will not limit or alter the duties imposed upon the Treasurer or other officers of the state or a trustee with respect to the application hereunder of the sinking fund and the moneys therein, (2) will carry out and perform or cause to be carried out and performed each and every promise, covenant and agreement entered into by the state or on its behalf pursuant to this section and on its behalf to be performed and (3) will not in any way impair the rights, exemptions and remedies of such holders. Any pledge made by or pursuant to this section shall be valid and binding from the time when the pledge is made. Moneys pledged pursuant to this section and thereafter received shall immediately be subject to the lien of such pledge without any physical delivery thereof or further act, and the lien of any such pledge shall be valid and binding as against all parties having claims of any kind in tort, contract or otherwise against the state or any officer thereof irrespective of whether such parties have notice thereof. Neither the resolution nor any other instrument by which a pledge is created need be recorded. Pending use or application of moneys in said sinking fund as hereinabove directed, and subject to any agreement or covenant with the bond holders, such moneys shall be invested or reinvested by the Treasurer in bonds and other obligations of, or guaranteed by, the state or the United States of America or agencies or instrumentalities thereof or any other obligation, including time deposits and certificates of deposit, as may be permitted investments for the General Fund of the state or in accordance with the law governing the investment of savings banks or when deemed prudent, by the Treasurer, in accordance with the law governing the investment of trust funds and shall be secured in such manner as the Treasurer may require. Obligations purchased as such investment of moneys in said fund shall be held at all times as part of said fund and the interest thereon and any other gain arising from the sale thereof shall be credited to said fund and any loss resulting from the sale thereof shall be debited to said fund and the amount of such gain or loss shall decrease or increase the next annual sinking fund requirement by such amount, as the case may be, and notwithstanding any other provision of this section any net gain in any year arising from such crediting and debiting in excess of the next annual sinking fund requirement at the direction of the Treasurer may be used to pay interest on the term bonds.

(h) For the purposes of this section, bonds of a series which are payable in installments in the next successive years from the date of all bonds of such series shall be known as “serial bonds”. All other bonds of such series shall be known as “term bonds”.

(i) The right is expressly reserved at any time to alter, amend or repeal this section unless bonds, for which provisions as to a pledge, or the application, use and disposition of all or any part of the sinking fund has been made, have theretofore been issued and then remain outstanding, provided, if such provisions are made with respect to the sinking fund, the State Bond Commission may, in the resolution authorizing such bonds, reserve for the state the right to alter and amend such provisions to permit the application and use of moneys in the sinking fund to pay the principal and redemption premium, if any, on other term bonds of the state, whether at maturity or on the redemption date thereof.

(j) The bonds issued pursuant to this section are made and declared to be (1) legal investments for savings banks and trustees unless otherwise provided in the instrument creating the trust, (2) securities in which all public officers and bodies, all insurance companies and associations and persons carrying on an insurance business, all banks, bankers, trust companies, savings banks and savings associations, including savings and loan associations, investment companies and persons carrying on a banking or investment business, all administrators, guardians, executors, trustees and other fiduciaries and all persons whatsoever who are or may be authorized to invest in bonds of the state, may properly and legally invest funds including capital in their control or belonging to them, and (3) securities which may be deposited with and shall be received by all public officers and bodies for any purpose for which the deposit of bonds of the state is or may be authorized.

(k) All such bonds, their transfer and the income therefrom, including any profit on the sale or transfer thereof, shall at all times be exempt from all taxation by the state or under its authority.

See Sec. 8-93 re tax exemption.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 8-359c — Connecticut Code / Title 8 / Chapter 138b / Section 8-359c
Sec. 8-359c. (Formerly Sec. 17b-803). Program of housing for persons suffering from AIDS. Regulations. Bond issue.
Status: in_force

(b) The Commissioner of Housing, in consultation with the Commissioner of Public Health, shall adopt regulations in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54 to carry out the purposes of this section.

(c) For the purposes described in subdivisions (1), (2) and (3) of subsection (a) of this section, the State Bond Commission shall have the power, from time to time, to authorize the issuance of bonds of the state in one or more series and in principal amounts not exceeding in the aggregate seven million five hundred eleven thousand two hundred eighty dollars.

(d) The proceeds of the sale of said bonds, to the extent of the amount stated in subsection (c) of this section shall be used by the Commissioner of Housing for the purposes of subdivisions (1), (2) and (3) of subsection (a) of this section.

(e) All provisions of section 3-20 , or the exercise of any right or power granted thereby which are not inconsistent with the provisions of this section, are hereby adopted and shall apply to all bonds authorized by the State Bond Commission pursuant to said sections, and temporary notes in anticipation of the money to be derived from the sale of any such bonds so authorized may be issued in accordance with said section 3-20 and from time to time renewed. Such bonds shall mature at such time or times not exceeding twenty years from their respective dates as may be provided in or pursuant to the resolution or resolutions of the State Bond Commission authorizing such bonds. None of said bonds shall be authorized except upon a finding by the State Bond Commission that there has been filed with it a request for such authorization, which is signed by or on behalf of the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management and states such terms and conditions as said commission, in its discretion, may require. Said bonds shall be general obligations of the state and the full faith and credit of the state of Connecticut are pledged for the payment of the principal of and interest on said bonds, as the same become due, and accordingly and as part of the contract of the state with the holders of said bonds, appropriation of all amounts necessary for punctual payment of such principal and interest is hereby made, and the Treasurer shall pay such principal and interest as the same become due.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 8-359 — Connecticut Code / Title 8 / Chapter 138b / Section 8-359
Sec. 8-359. Bond issue.
Status: in_force

(b) The proceeds of the sale of said bonds, to the extent of the amount stated in subsection (a) of this section, shall be used by the Commissioner of Housing for the purposes of sections 8-355 to 8-359 , inclusive.

(c) All provisions of section 3-20 , or the exercise of any right or power granted thereby which are not inconsistent with the provisions of sections 8-355 to 8-359 , inclusive, are hereby adopted and shall apply to all bonds authorized by the State Bond Commission pursuant to said sections, and temporary notes in anticipation of the money to be derived from the sale of any such bonds so authorized may be issued in accordance with said section 3-20 and from time to time renewed. Such bonds shall mature at such time or times not exceeding twenty years from their respective dates as may be provided in or pursuant to the resolution or resolutions of the State Bond Commission authorizing such bonds. None of said bonds shall be authorized except upon a finding by the State Bond Commission that there has been filed with it a request for such authorization, which is signed by or on behalf of the Commissioner of Housing and states such terms and conditions as said commission, in its discretion, may require. Said bonds issued pursuant to sections 8-355 to 8-359 , inclusive, shall be general obligations of the state and the full faith and credit of the state of Connecticut are pledged for the payment of the principal of and interest on said bonds as the same become due, and accordingly and as part of the contract of the state with the holders of said bonds, appropriation of all amounts necessary for punctual payment of such principal and interest is hereby made, and the Treasurer shall pay such principal and interest as the same become due.

(d) Each contract for state financial assistance entered into pursuant to section 8-356 or 8-357 shall provide that if the community housing development corporation, municipal developer or nonprofit corporation conveys the property for which financial assistance is provided under sections 8-355 to 8-359 , inclusive, or stops using such property for the benefit of low income persons, the corporation or municipal developer shall immediately repay the loan or grant to the state. The state shall have a lien on such property for the purpose of ensuring compliance with the provisions of this subsection, which lien may be subordinated to a subsequent loan relating to such property at the discretion of the commissioner. Such lien may be removed by the commissioner, subject to such terms and conditions as the commissioner may determine, not less than ten years after the date of such contract for financial assistance upon a determination by the commissioner that the need for housing for the homeless in the locality no longer exists or upon a determination by the commissioner that the removal of such lien is in the best interest of the state.

(e) Subject to the approval of the Governor, any administrative or other cost or expense incurred by the state in connection with the carrying out of the provisions of sections 8-355 to 8-359 , inclusive, including the hiring of necessary employees and the entering upon necessary contracts, shall be paid from the proceeds of the bonds issued pursuant to this section.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 8-10 — Connecticut Code / Title 8 / Chapter 124 / Section 8-10
Sec. 8-10. Appeals procedure to apply to all municipalities.
Status: in_force

Legislative intent was to create right of appeal from every zoning commission in state. 143 C. 280. If sole basis of plaintiff's grievance was that new business would create competition, he would not be an aggrieved person; any taxpayer of a town who feels aggrieved at granting of a license for sale of liquors therein has right of appeal. 144 C. 160. Appeal from zoning commission in New Haven county heard in Court of Common Pleas in judicial district of Waterbury. Id., 600. Finding that plaintiff is not aggrieved person divests court of jurisdiction. 145 C. 136. Cited. Id., 237, 416, 435; 146 C. 588, 665; 148 C. 33, 299; 149 C. 681; 151 C. 635; 155 C. 365. Appeals from final zoning authority in Stamford are governed by Secs. 8-8 and 8-9 rather than any provisions of city's charter. 159 C. 1. Legislative intent is to make Secs. 8-8 and 8-9 applicable to every municipality in state. 160 C. 239, 249. Cited. 165 C. 185. Includes right of appeal from Norwich city council acting as a zoning commission pursuant to a city charter granted under a special act. 167 C. 579. Section does not intend to prohibit local arrangements by which commission decision may be appealed to a board of appeals; appeals routes of zoning cases discussed. 186 C. 106. Cited. 214 C. 400; 221 C. 374; 226 C. 230.

Cited. 2 CA 595; 19 CA 357; 27 CA 412.