Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-245n — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-245n
Sec. 16-245n. Connecticut Green Bank. Charge assessed against electric customers. Clean Energy Fund. Environmental Infrastructure Fund.
Status: in_force

(1) “Carbon offsets” means any activity that compensates for the emission of carbon dioxide or other greenhouse gases by providing for an emission reduction elsewhere;

(2) “Clean energy” means solar photovoltaic energy, solar thermal, geothermal energy, wind, ocean thermal energy, wave or tidal energy, fuel cells, landfill gas, hydropower that meets the low-impact standards of the Low-Impact Hydropower Institute, hydrogen production and hydrogen conversion technologies, low emission advanced biomass conversion technologies, alternative fuels, used for electricity generation including ethanol, biodiesel or other fuel produced in Connecticut and derived from agricultural produce, food waste or waste vegetable oil, provided the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection determines that such fuels provide net reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and fossil fuel consumption, usable electricity from combined heat and power systems with waste heat recovery systems, thermal storage systems, other energy resources and emerging technologies which have significant potential for commercialization and which do not involve the combustion of coal, petroleum or petroleum products, or nuclear fission, financing of energy efficiency projects, projects that seek to deploy electric, electric hybrid, natural gas or alternative fuel vehicles and associated infrastructure, any related storage, distribution, manufacturing technologies or facilities and any Class I renewable energy source, as defined in section 16-1 ;

(3) “Ecosystem services” means benefits obtained from ecosystems, including, but not limited to, (A) provisioning services such as food and water, (B) regulating services such as regulation of floods, drought, land degradation and disease, and (C) supporting services such as soil formation and nutrient cycling; and

(4) “Environmental infrastructure” means structures, facilities, systems, services and improvement projects related to (A) water, (B) waste and recycling, (C) climate adaptation and resiliency, (D) agriculture, (E) land conservation, (F) parks and recreation, and (G) environmental markets, including, but not limited to, carbon offsets and ecosystem services.

(b) On and after July 1, 2004, the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority shall assess or cause to be assessed a charge of not less than one mill per kilowatt hour charged to each end use customer of electric services in this state which shall be deposited into the Clean Energy Fund established under subsection (c) of this section.

(c) (1) There is hereby created a Clean Energy Fund which shall be within the Connecticut Green Bank. The fund may receive any amount required by law to be deposited into the fund and may receive any federal funds as may become available to the state for clean energy investments. Upon authorization of the Connecticut Green Bank established pursuant to subsection (d) of this section, any amount in said fund may be used for expenditures that promote investment in clean energy in accordance with a comprehensive plan developed by it to foster the growth, development and commercialization of clean energy sources, related enterprises and stimulate demand for clean energy and deployment of clean energy sources that serve end use customers in this state and for the further purpose of supporting operational demonstration projects for advanced technologies that reduce energy use from traditional sources. Such expenditures may include, but not be limited to, providing low-cost financing and credit enhancement mechanisms for clean energy projects and technologies, reimbursement of the operating expenses, including administrative expenses incurred by the Connecticut Green Bank and capital costs incurred by the Connecticut Green Bank in connection with the operation of the fund, the implementation of the plan developed pursuant to subsection (d) of this section or the other permitted activities of the Connecticut Green Bank, disbursements from the fund to develop and carry out the plan developed pursuant to subsection (d) of this section, grants, direct or equity investments, contracts or other actions which support research, development, manufacture, commercialization, deployment and installation of clean energy technologies, and actions which expand the expertise of individuals, businesses and lending institutions with regard to clean energy technologies.

(2) (A) There is hereby created an Environmental Infrastructure Fund which shall be within the Connecticut Green Bank. The fund may receive any amount required by law to be deposited into the fund and may receive any federal funds as may become available to the state for environmental infrastructure investments, except that the fund shall not receive: (i) Ratepayer or Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative funds, (ii) funds that have been deposited in, or are required to be deposited in, an account of the Clean Water Fund pursuant to sections 22a-475 to 22a-483f , inclusive, or (iii) funds collected from a water company, as defined in section 25-32a .

(B) Upon authorization of the Connecticut Green Bank established pursuant to subsection (d) of this section, any amount in said fund may be used for expenditures that promote investment in environmental infrastructure in accordance with a comprehensive plan developed by it to foster the growth, development, commercialization and, where applicable, preservation of environmental infrastructure and related enterprises, except any project or purpose eligible for funding pursuant to sections 22a-475 to 22a-483f , inclusive. Such expenditures may include, but not be limited to, providing low-cost financing and credit enhancement mechanisms for projects and technologies, reimbursement of the operating expenses, including administrative expenses incurred by the Connecticut Green Bank, and capital costs incurred by the Connecticut Green Bank in connection with the operation of the fund, the implementation of the plan developed pursuant to subsection (d) of this section or the other permitted activities of the Connecticut Green Bank, disbursements from the fund to develop and carry out the plan developed pursuant to subsection (d) of this section, grants, direct or equity investments, contracts or other actions which support research, development, manufacture, commercialization, deployment and installation of environmental infrastructure and actions which expand the expertise of individuals, businesses and lending institutions with regard to environmental infrastructure.

(d) (1) (A) The Connecticut Green Bank is hereby established and created as a body politic and corporate, constituting a public instrumentality and political subdivision of the state of Connecticut established and created for the performance of an essential public and governmental function. The Connecticut Green Bank shall not be construed to be a department, institution or agency of the state.

(B) The Connecticut Green Bank shall (i) develop separate programs to finance and otherwise support clean energy and environmental infrastructure investment in residential, municipal, small business and larger commercial projects and such others as the Connecticut Green Bank may determine; (ii) support financing or other expenditures that promote investment in clean energy sources and environmental infrastructure in accordance with a comprehensive plan developed by it to foster the growth, development and commercialization of clean energy sources, environmental infrastructure and related enterprises; and (iii) stimulate demand for clean energy and the deployment of clean energy sources within the state that serve end use customers in the state.

(C) The Clean Energy Finance and Investment Authority shall constitute a successor agency to Connecticut Innovations, Incorporated, for the purposes of administering the Clean Energy Fund in accordance with section 4-38d . The Connecticut Green Bank shall constitute a successor agency to the Clean Energy Finance and Investment Authority for purposes of administering the Clean Energy Fund in accordance with section 4-38d . The Connecticut Green Bank shall have all the privileges, immunities, tax exemptions and other exemptions of Connecticut Innovations, Incorporated, with respect to said fund. The Connecticut Green Bank shall administer the Environmental Infrastructure Fund. The Connecticut Green Bank shall be subject to suit and liability solely from the assets, revenues and resources of said bank and without recourse to the general funds, revenues, resources or other assets of Connecticut Innovations, Incorporated. The Connecticut Green Bank may provide financial assistance in the form of grants, loans, loan guarantees or debt and equity investments, as approved in accordance with written procedures adopted pursuant to section 1-121 . The Connecticut Green Bank may assume or take title to any real property, convey or dispose of its assets and pledge its revenues to secure any borrowing, convey or dispose of its assets and pledge its revenues to secure any borrowing, for the purpose of developing, acquiring, constructing, refinancing, rehabilitating or improving its assets or supporting its programs, provided each such borrowing or mortgage, unless otherwise provided by the board or said bank, shall be a special obligation of said bank, which obligation may be in the form of bonds, bond anticipation notes or other obligations which evidence an indebtedness to the extent permitted under this chapter to fund, refinance and refund the same and provide for the rights of holders thereof, and to secure the same by pledge of revenues, notes and mortgages of others, and which shall be payable solely from the assets, revenues and other resources of said bank and such bonds may be secured by a special capital reserve fund contributed to by the state, provided that any bond secured by such special capital reserve fund shall have a maturity not exceeding twenty-five years. The Connecticut Green Bank shall have the purposes as provided by resolution of said bank's board of directors, which purposes shall be consistent with this section. No further action is required for the establishment of the Connecticut Green Bank, except the adoption of a resolution for said bank.

(D) In addition to, and not in limitation of, any other power of the Connecticut Green Bank set forth in this section or any other provision of the general statutes, said bank shall have and may exercise the following powers in furtherance of or in carrying out its purposes:

(i) To have perpetual succession as a body corporate and to adopt bylaws, policies and procedures for the regulation of its affairs and the conduct of its business;

(ii) To make and enter into all contracts and agreements that are necessary or incidental to the conduct of its business;

(iii) To invest in, acquire, lease, purchase, own, manage, hold, sell and dispose of real or personal property or any interest therein;

(iv) To borrow money or guarantee a return to investors or lenders;

(v) To hold patents, copyrights, trademarks, marketing rights, licenses or other rights in intellectual property;

(vi) To employ such assistants, agents and employees as may be necessary or desirable, who shall be exempt from the classified service and shall not be employees, as defined in subsection (b) of section 5-270 ; establish all necessary or appropriate personnel practices and policies, including those relating to hiring, promotion, compensation and retirement, and said bank shall not be an employer, as defined in subsection (a) of section 5-270 ; and engage consultants, attorneys, financial advisers, appraisers and other professional advisers as may be necessary or desirable;

(vii) To invest any funds not needed for immediate use or disbursement pursuant to investment policies adopted by said bank's board of directors;

(viii) To procure insurance against any loss or liability with respect to its property or business of such types, in such amounts and from such insurers as it deems desirable;

(ix) To enter into joint ventures and invest in, and participate with any person, including, without limitation, government entities and private corporations, in the formation, ownership, management and operation of business entities, including stock and nonstock corporations, limited liability companies and general or limited partnerships, formed to advance the purposes of said bank, provided members of the board of directors or officers or employees of said bank may serve as directors, members or officers of any such business entity, and such service shall be deemed to be in the discharge of the duties or within the scope of the employment of any such director, officer or employee, as the case may be, so long as such director, officer or employee does not receive any compensation or financial benefit as a result of serving in such role;

(x) To enter into a memorandum of understanding or other arrangements with Connecticut Innovations, Incorporated, with respect to the provision or sharing of space, office systems or staff administrative support, on such terms as may be agreed to between said bank and Connecticut Innovations, Incorporated; and

(xi) To do all other acts and things necessary or convenient to carry out the purposes of said bank.

(E) (i) The Connecticut Green Bank may form one or more subsidiaries to carry out the purposes of said bank, as described in subparagraph (B) of subdivision (1) of this subsection, and may transfer to any such subsidiary any moneys and real or personal property of any kind or nature. Any subsidiary may be organized as a stock or nonstock corporation or a limited liability company. Each such subsidiary shall have and may exercise such powers of said bank, as set forth in the resolution of the board of directors of said bank prescribing the purposes for which such subsidiary is formed, and such other powers provided to it by law.

(ii) No such subsidiary of said bank shall be deemed a quasi-public agency for purposes of chapter 12. No such subsidiary of said bank shall have all the privileges, immunities, tax exemptions and other exemptions of said bank, unless such subsidiary is a single member limited liability company that is disregarded as an entity separate from its owner. In no event shall any such subsidiary have the power to hire or otherwise retain employees. The governing documents of any such subsidiary shall provide for the dissolution of such subsidiary upon the completion of the purpose for which such subsidiary was formed. Each such subsidiary may sue and shall be subject to suit, provided its liability shall be limited solely to the assets, revenues and resources of the subsidiary and without recourse to the general funds, revenues, resources or any other assets of said bank. Each such subsidiary is authorized to assume or take title to property subject to any existing lien, encumbrance or mortgage and to mortgage, convey or dispose of its assets and pledge its revenues to secure any borrowing, provided each such borrowing or mortgage shall be a special obligation of the subsidiary, which obligation may be in the form of bonds, bond anticipation notes and other obligations, to fund and refund the same and provide for the rights of the holders thereof, and to secure the same by a pledge of revenues, notes and other assets and which shall be payable solely from the revenues, assets and other resources of the subsidiary. The Connecticut Green Bank may assign to a subsidiary any rights, moneys or other assets it has under any governmental program. No subsidiary of said bank shall borrow without the approval of the board of directors of said bank.

(iii) Each such subsidiary shall act through its board of directors or managing members, at least one-half of which shall be members of the board of directors of said bank or their designees or officers or employees of said bank.

(iv) The provisions of section 1-125 and this subsection shall apply to any officer, director, designee or employee appointed as a member, director or officer of any such subsidiary. Any such person so appointed shall not be personally liable for the debts, obligations or liabilities of any such subsidiary as provided in section 1-125 . The subsidiary shall, and said bank may, save harmless and indemnify such officer, director, designee or employee as provided by section 1-125 .

(v) The Connecticut Green Bank, or such subsidiary, may take such actions as are necessary to comply with the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or any subsequent corresponding internal revenue code of the United States, as amended from time to time, to qualify and maintain any such subsidiary as a corporation exempt from taxation under said code.

(vi) The Connecticut Green Bank may make loans to each such subsidiary from its assets and the proceeds of its bonds, notes and other obligations, provided the source and security for the repayment of such loans is derived from the assets, revenues and resources of the subsidiary.

(2) (A) The Connecticut Green Bank may seek to qualify as a Community Development Financial Institution under Section 4702 of the United States Code. If approved as a Community Development Financial Institution, said bank would be treated as a qualified community development entity for purposes of Section 45D and Section 1400N(m) of the Internal Revenue Code.

(B) Before making any loan, loan guarantee, or such other form of financing support or risk management for a clean energy or environmental infrastructure project, the Connecticut Green Bank shall develop standards to govern the administration of said bank through rules, policies and procedures that specify borrower eligibility, terms and conditions of support, and other relevant criteria, standards or procedures.

(C) Funding sources specifically authorized include, but are not limited to:

(i) Funds repurposed from existing programs providing financing support for clean energy projects, provided any transfer of funds from such existing programs shall be subject to approval by the General Assembly and shall be used for expenses of financing, grants and loans;

(ii) Any federal funds that can be used for the purposes specified in subsection (c) of this section, provided such funds are not required to be deposited in the accounts of the Clean Water Fund pursuant to sections 22a-475 to 22a-483f , inclusive;

(iii) Charitable gifts, grants, contributions as well as loans from individuals, corporations, university endowments and philanthropic foundations;

(iv) Earnings and interest derived from financing support activities for clean energy and environmental infrastructure projects backed by the Connecticut Green Bank;

(v) If and to the extent that the Connecticut Green Bank qualifies as a Community Development Financial Institution under Section 4702 of the United States Code, funding from the Community Development Financial Institution Fund administered by the United States Department of Treasury, as well as loans from and investments by depository institutions seeking to comply with their obligations under the United States Community Reinvestment Act of 1977; and

(vi) The Connecticut Green Bank may enter into contracts with private sources to raise capital. The average rate of return on such debt or equity shall be set by the board of directors of said bank.

(D) The Connecticut Green Bank may provide financing support under this subsection if said bank determines that the amount to be financed by said bank and other nonequity financing sources do not exceed one hundred per cent of the cost to develop and deploy a clean energy project or an environmental infrastructure project.

(E) The Connecticut Green Bank may assess reasonable fees on its financing activities to cover its reasonable costs and expenses, as determined by the board.

(F) The Connecticut Green Bank shall make information regarding the rates, terms and conditions for all of its financing support transactions available to the public for inspection, including formal annual reviews by both a private auditor conducted pursuant to subdivision (2) of subsection (f) of this section and the Comptroller, and providing details to the public on the Internet, provided public disclosure shall be restricted for patentable ideas, trade secrets, proprietary or confidential commercial or financial information, disclosure of which may cause commercial harm to a nongovernmental recipient of such financing support and for other information exempt from public records disclosure pursuant to section 1-210 .

(G) The Connecticut Green Bank shall not apply, directly or through a subsidiary, to be eligible for grants under (i) the Clean Water Act, 33 USC 1251 et seq., as amended from time to time, without the approval of the State Treasurer and the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection, or (ii) the Safe Drinking Water Act, 42 USC 300f et seq., as amended from time to time, without the approval of the State Treasurer and the Commissioner of Public Health.

(3) No director, officer, employee or agent of the Connecticut Green Bank, while acting within the scope of his or her authority, shall be subject to any personal liability resulting from exercising or carrying out any of the Connecticut Green Bank's purposes or powers.

(e) (1) The powers of the Connecticut Green Bank shall be vested in and exercised by a board of directors, which shall consist of twelve voting members and one nonvoting member each with knowledge and expertise in matters related to the purpose and activities of said bank appointed as follows: The Treasurer or the Treasurer's designee, the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection or the commissioner's designee, the Commissioner of Economic and Community Development or the commissioner's designee, and the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management or the secretary's designee, each serving ex officio, one member who shall represent a residential or low-income group appointed by the speaker of the House of Representatives for a term of four years, one member who shall have experience in investment fund management appointed by the minority leader of the House of Representatives for a term of three years, one member who shall represent an environmental organization appointed by the president pro tempore of the Senate for a term of four years, and one member who shall have experience in the finance or deployment of renewable energy appointed by the minority leader of the Senate for a term of four years. Thereafter, such members of the General Assembly shall appoint members of the board to succeed such appointees whose terms expire and each member so appointed shall hold office for a period of four years from the first day of July in the year of his or her appointment. The Governor shall appoint four members to the board as follows: Two for two years who shall have experience in the finance of renewable energy; one for four years who shall be a representative of a labor organization; and one for four years who shall have experience in research and development or manufacturing of clean energy. Thereafter, the Governor shall appoint members of the board to succeed such appointees whose terms expire and each member so appointed shall hold office for a period of four years from the first day of July in the year of his or her appointment. The president of the Connecticut Green Bank shall be elected by the members of the board. The president of the Connecticut Green Bank shall serve on the board in an ex-officio, nonvoting capacity. The Governor shall appoint the chairperson of the board. The board shall elect from its members a vice chairperson and such other officers as it deems necessary and shall adopt such bylaws and procedures it deems necessary to carry out its functions. The board may establish committees and subcommittees as necessary to conduct its business.

(2) The members of the board of directors of the Connecticut Green Bank shall adopt written procedures, in accordance with the provisions of section 1-121 , for: (A) Adopting an annual budget and plan of operations, including a requirement of board approval before the budget or plan may take effect; (B) hiring, dismissing, promoting and compensating employees of said bank, including an affirmative action policy and a requirement of board approval before a position may be created or a vacancy filled; (C) acquiring real and personal property and personal services, including a requirement of board approval for any nonbudgeted expenditure in excess of five thousand dollars; (D) contracting for financial, legal, bond underwriting and other professional services, including a requirement that said bank solicit proposals at least once every three years for each such service that it uses; (E) issuing and retiring bonds, bond anticipation notes and other obligations of said bank; (F) awarding loans, grants and other financial assistance, including eligibility criteria, the application process and the role played by said bank's staff and board of directors; and (G) the use of surplus funds to the extent authorized under this section or other provisions of the general statutes.

(3) No member of the board of directors of the Connecticut Green Bank shall be a trustee, director, partner or officer of any person, firm or corporation, or have a financial interest in a person, firm or corporation that participates in or otherwise receives support from programs developed, administered or otherwise supported by the Connecticut Green Bank. The holding of any such position as a trustee, director, partner or officer, or any financial interest by a member of the board of directors of the Connecticut Green Bank shall be deemed a conflict of interest, provided it shall not constitute a conflict of interest for a member of the board of directors of the Connecticut Green Bank to serve as a director, member or officer of a joint venture entered into by the Connecticut Green Bank pursuant to subsection (d) of this section.

(f) (1) The board shall issue annually a report to the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection reviewing the activities of the Connecticut Green Bank in detail and shall provide a copy of such report, in accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a , to the joint standing committees of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to energy, the environment, banking and commerce. The report shall include a description of the programs and activities undertaken during the reporting period jointly or in collaboration with the Conservation and Load Management Plan established pursuant to section 16-245m .

(2) The Clean Energy Fund and the Environmental Infrastructure Fund shall be audited annually. Such audits shall be conducted with generally accepted auditing standards by independent certified public accountants certified by the State Board of Accountancy. Such accountants may be the accountants for the Connecticut Green Bank.

(3) Any entity that receives financing for a clean energy or environmental infrastructure project from the Clean Energy Fund or the Environmental Infrastructure Fund shall provide the board an annual statement, certified as correct by the chief financial officer of the recipient of such financing, setting forth all sources and uses of funds in such detail as may be required by the bank for such project. The Connecticut Green Bank shall maintain any such audits for not less than five years. Residential projects for buildings with one to four dwelling units are exempt from this and any other annual auditing requirements, except that residential projects may be required to grant their utility companies' permission to release their usage data to the Connecticut Green Bank.

(g) There shall be a joint committee of the Energy Conservation Management Board and the Connecticut Green Bank board of directors, as provided in subdivision (2) of subsection (d) of section 16-245m .

(h) (1) The state of Connecticut does hereby pledge to and agree with any person with whom the Connecticut Green Bank may enter into contracts pursuant to the provisions of this section that the state will not limit or alter the rights hereby vested in said bank until such contracts and the obligations thereunder are fully met and performed on the part of said bank, provided nothing herein contained shall preclude such limitation or alteration if adequate provision shall be made by law for the protection of such persons entering into contracts with said bank. The pledge provided by this subsection shall be interpreted and applied broadly to effectuate and maintain the bank's financial capacity to perform its essential public and governmental function.

(2) The contracts and obligations thereunder of said bank shall be obligatory upon the bank, and the bank may appropriate in each year during the term of such contracts an amount of money that, together with other funds of the bank available for such purposes, shall be sufficient to pay such contracts and obligations or meet any contractual covenants or warranties.

(i) The powers enumerated in this section shall be interpreted broadly to effectuate the purposes established in this section and shall not be construed as a limitation of powers.

(j) To the extent that the provisions of this section are inconsistent with the provisions of any general statute or special act or parts thereof, the provisions of this section shall be deemed controlling.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-258d — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-258d
Sec. 16-258d. District heating systems incentive program.
Status: in_force

(1) “District heating system” means a thermal loop natural gas demand reduction system that is located in a designated area and is designed to capture an annual minimum of thirty million British thermal units of waste heat and transmits and distributes at least seventy-five per cent of such waste heat directly to the premises of end use customers that are located in such system's service area.

(2) “Gas company” has the same meaning as provided in section 16-1 .

(b) After July 1, 2015, each gas company shall develop an incentive program for district heating systems for the purpose of reducing natural gas demand in the state. As part of the conservation and load management plan, pursuant to section 16-245m , each gas company shall submit such program plan for approval to the Energy Conservation Management Board and the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection. Said board and department have discretion to jointly approve or disapprove such plan. Such program shall, on or after March 1, 2016, provide an incentive payment to end use customers who connect on or after March 1, 2016, to a district heating system for heating purposes. Such incentive payment shall be based on such customer's projected natural gas demand reduction for the period of time that such customer commits to utilize the services of such heating system. The projected natural gas demand reduction shall be based on such customer's weather-adjusted historical usage data from the previous three years. The amount of the incentive payment made to such end use customer shall not exceed the incentive payment made for equivalent natural gas demand reductions through the state's conservation and load management plan.

(c) An owner or operator of a district heating system may charge each end use customer a connection charge up to an amount equal to the incentive payment received by such end use customer.

(d) The Public Utilities Regulatory Authority shall ensure that the revenues required to fund such incentive payments made pursuant to this section are provided through a fully reconciling conservation adjustment mechanism, which shall not exceed more than nine million dollars in total for the program established under this section, provided (1) such revenues shall be in addition to the revenues authorized to fund the Conservation and Load Management Plan pursuant to section 16-245m , and (2) such revenues exceeding two million dollars required to fund such incentive payments shall be paid over a period of not less than two years. Such revenues shall only be collected from the gas customers of the company in whose service area such district heating system is located.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16a-14b — Connecticut Code / Title 16a / Chapter 295 / Section 16a-14b
Sec. 16a-14b. Testing programs for energy-related products. Regulations.
Status: in_force

(b) The commissioner, in consultation with the Commissioner of Consumer Protection, shall adopt regulations in accordance with chapter 54 establishing provisions (1) for standardized procedures for the performance of such testing; (2) for categories of energy-related products to be covered by such testing procedures; (3) to differentiate between the testing of experimental energy-related products and commercial energy-related products, to determine the range of models produced by a specific manufacturer to which testing results will apply and to ensure that products submitted for testing constitute a representative sample of those produced within such range by said manufacturer; (4) for a standardized format for the compilation of information from such tests which shall include all relevant information from each type of test performed on a product; (5) for the designation of qualified state or state-certified facilities to perform such testing; provided, no person or organization which has any pecuniary interest in the manufacture, distribution or sale of energy-related products within or without the state shall be eligible for such designation; and (6) for a schedule of reasonable fees for the performance of such tests or a procedure for establishing such a schedule.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-237 — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-237
Sec. 16-237. No prescriptive right.
Status: in_force

Trial court properly determined that statute precluded defendants from invoking the law of adverse possession to justify their continued unauthorized use of plainitff utility company's property; defendants' claim that statute was inapplicable because waters of lake were not “buildings or land” was unavailing given that dock was attached to land owned by plaintiff. 92 CA 753.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-245x — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-245x
Sec. 16-245x. Monitoring and reporting by authority of electric rates of each customer class. Action to minimize rate differential.
Status: in_force

(b) (1) As used in this subdivision, “total average residential rate” means the total residential revenues divided by total residential kilowatt hour sales, and “total average industrial rate” means the total industrial revenues divided by total industrial kilowatt hour sales. At least annually, the authority shall compute the rate differential for electric service between residential and industrial customers by comparing the total average residential rate and the total average industrial rate, based on filings made by electric suppliers and electric distribution companies with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission or the authority. The rate differential shall be the difference between the total average residential rate and the total average industrial rates, divided by the total average residential rate.

(2) If the authority determines that the rate differential for electric service between residential and industrial customers has increased by three percentage points or more from the rate differential that existed on January 1, 1998, the authority shall institute an investigatory proceeding in which the Office of the Consumer Counsel shall participate. Not more than ninety days after the official commencement of the proceeding, the authority shall issue written findings that identify the factors or circumstances that contributed to such increase in the rate differential. If the authority finds that such increase is a result of a violation of this title or of other state or federal laws, the authority shall take appropriate enforcement action or refer such violation to the appropriate state or federal authority. If the authority finds that such increase is due to factors or circumstances other than a violation of state or federal law, the authority shall take action in accordance with methods of allocation in effect on January 1, 1997, to minimize to the greatest extent possible such differential to less than three percentage points, within the authority granted to the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority pursuant to section 16-7 , subsection (a) or (b) of section 16-8 , section 16-8c , 16-9 , 16-10 , 16-10a , 16-15 , 16-19 or 16-19a , subsection (g) of section 16-19b or section 16-19e , 16-19f , 16-19gg , 16-19hh , 16-19kk , 16-20 , 16-21 , 16-24 , 16-28 , 16-32 , 16-41 , 16-244c 16-245 , 16-245g or 16-245 l , provided any action taken by the authority shall be in compliance with the principles set forth in section 16-244 , and provided further the authority shall not allow inter or intra-class rate subsidization.

(3) Not later than January first, as applicable, the authority shall report its findings described in subdivisions (1) and (2) of this subsection, including a description of the factors or circumstances that contributed to such increase in the rate differential and a description of actions taken by the authority, along with any legislative recommendations to minimize such differential to less than three percentage points without creating intra or inter class rate subsidization, to members of the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to energy.

(c) Each electric distribution company shall submit, on a form prescribed by the authority, quarterly reports containing the average price for electric service for each customer class.

(d) The authority shall require electric distribution companies and electric suppliers to supply to the authority whatever pricing information the authority needs to complete its reporting and monitoring requirements under this section. The authority may grant confidential status to certain data if a valid claim is made that the information is competitively sensitive, provided composite numbers shall be public information. Any electric distribution company or electric supplier that fails to provide information requested by the authority more than thirty days after the authority makes such request shall be subject to enforcement measures under this title. The authority may adopt regulations pursuant to chapter 54 to implement the provisions of this subsection.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-331e — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 289 / Section 16-331e
Sec. 16-331e. Certificate of video franchise authority.
Status: in_force

(b) Notwithstanding subsection (a) of this section, any entity, other than a community antenna television company certified to provide community antenna television service pursuant to section 16-331 on or before October 1, 2007, that was offering video service in the state on or before October 1, 2007, shall be required to file its application for a certificate of video franchise authority on or before October 31, 2007, and shall be allowed to continue to offer such video service while its application for a certificate of video franchise authority is pending.

(c) The application shall include a completed affidavit submitted by the applicant and signed by an officer or general partner of the applicant, affirming: (1) The location of the applicant's principal place of business and the names of the applicant's principal executive officers; (2) that the applicant has filed or will timely file with the Federal Communications Commission all forms required by said commission in advance of offering video service in the state; (3) that the applicant agrees to comply with all applicable federal and state statutes and regulations and with all applicable orders of the authority, including, but not limited to, those statutes, regulations and orders regarding the provision of video service by certified competitive video service providers and the use and occupation of public rights-of-way in the delivery of the video service by such providers; (4) that the applicant shall comply with the requirements of sections 16-331g to 16-331o , inclusive. The affidavit shall also include a description of the service area footprint to be served within the state, and such description shall be updated by the applicant before the expansion of video service to a previously undesignated service area, and a general description of the type or types of technologies the applicant will use to provide video service in its service area footprint, which may include wire line, satellite or any other alternative technology.

(d) The authority shall notify the applicant whether the application is complete or incomplete on or before the fifteenth calendar day after the applicant submits the application. The authority shall limit its review of the application to whether it provides the information required pursuant to subsection (c) of this section. In reviewing such application, the authority shall not conduct a hearing or contested case proceeding in accordance with chapter 54. The authority may submit written questions to the applicant and require written answers regarding the information provided, and may accept written comments and reply comments from the applicant, the Office of Consumer Counsel, the Attorney General and other interested companies, organizations and individuals. These written comments and reply comments shall be limited solely to the issue of whether the application complies with the requirements set forth in subsection (c) of this section.

(e) The authority shall issue a certificate of video franchise authority not later than thirty calendar days after notifying the applicant that the application was complete. The certificate issued by the authority shall provide: (1) A grant of authority to provide video service as requested in the application; (2) a grant of authority to own, lease, maintain, operate, manage or control facilities in, under or over any public highway in the delivery of such service, subject to the laws of the state; and (3) a statement that the grant of authority is subject to lawful operation of the video service by the applicant or its successor in interest.

(f) If the authority finds that the applicant's application is incomplete, it shall specify with particularity the items in the application that are incomplete and permit the applicant to amend the application to cure any deficiency. The authority shall issue a certificate of video franchise authority on or before thirty calendar days from its receipt of the amended and completed application.

(g) The failure of the authority to notify the applicant of the completeness or incompleteness of the application pursuant to subsection (d) of this section shall be deemed to constitute issuance of the certificate of video franchise authority.

(h) The certificate of video franchise authority issued by the authority is fully transferable to any successor in interest to the applicant to which it was initially granted. A notice of transfer shall be filed with the authority not later than fourteen business days after the completion of such transfer. The certificate of video franchise authority issued by the authority may be terminated by the certified competitive video service provider by submitting notice to the authority.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-245a — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-245a
Sec. 16-245a. Renewable portfolio standards.
Status: in_force

(1) On and after January 1, 2006, that not less than two per cent of the total output or services of any such supplier or distribution company shall be generated from Class I renewable energy sources and an additional three per cent of the total output or services shall be from Class I or Class II renewable energy sources;

(2) On and after January 1, 2007, not less than three and one-half per cent of the total output or services of any such supplier or distribution company shall be generated from Class I renewable energy sources and an additional three per cent of the total output or services shall be from Class I or Class II renewable energy sources;

(3) On and after January 1, 2008, not less than five per cent of the total output or services of any such supplier or distribution company shall be generated from Class I renewable energy sources and an additional three per cent of the total output or services shall be from Class I or Class II renewable energy sources;

(4) On and after January 1, 2009, not less than six per cent of the total output or services of any such supplier or distribution company shall be generated from Class I renewable energy sources and an additional three per cent of the total output or services shall be from Class I or Class II renewable energy sources;

(5) On and after January 1, 2010, not less than seven per cent of the total output or services of any such supplier or distribution company shall be generated from Class I renewable energy sources and an additional three per cent of the total output or services shall be from Class I or Class II renewable energy sources;

(6) On and after January 1, 2011, not less than eight per cent of the total output or services of any such supplier or distribution company shall be generated from Class I renewable energy sources and an additional three per cent of the total output or services shall be from Class I or Class II renewable energy sources;

(7) On and after January 1, 2012, not less than nine per cent of the total output or services of any such supplier or distribution company shall be generated from Class I renewable energy sources and an additional three per cent of the total output or services shall be from Class I or Class II renewable energy sources;

(8) On and after January 1, 2013, not less than ten per cent of the total output or services of any such supplier or distribution company shall be generated from Class I renewable energy sources and an additional three per cent of the total output or services shall be from Class I or Class II renewable energy sources;

(9) On and after January 1, 2014, not less than eleven per cent of the total output or services of any such supplier or distribution company shall be generated from Class I renewable energy sources and an additional three per cent of the total output or services shall be from Class I or Class II renewable energy sources;

(10) On and after January 1, 2015, not less than twelve and one-half per cent of the total output or services of any such supplier or distribution company shall be generated from Class I renewable energy sources and an additional three per cent of the total output or services shall be from Class I or Class II renewable energy sources;

(11) On and after January 1, 2016, not less than fourteen per cent of the total output or services of any such supplier or distribution company shall be generated from Class I renewable energy sources and an additional three per cent of the total output or services shall be from Class I or Class II renewable energy sources;

(12) On and after January 1, 2017, not less than fifteen and one-half per cent of the total output or services of any such supplier or distribution company shall be generated from Class I renewable energy sources and an additional three per cent of the total output or services shall be from Class I or Class II renewable energy sources;

(13) On and after January 1, 2018, not less than seventeen per cent of the total output or services of any such supplier or distribution company shall be generated from Class I renewable energy sources and an additional four per cent of the total output or services shall be from Class I or Class II renewable energy sources;

(14) On and after January 1, 2019, not less than nineteen and one-half per cent of the total output or services of any such supplier or distribution company shall be generated from Class I renewable energy sources and an additional four per cent of the total output or services shall be from Class I or Class II renewable energy sources;

(15) On and after January 1, 2020, not less than twenty-one per cent of the total output or services of any such supplier or distribution company shall be generated from Class I renewable energy sources and an additional four per cent of the total output or services shall be from Class I or Class II renewable energy sources, except that for any electric supplier that has entered into or renewed a retail electric supply contract on or before May 24, 2018, on and after January 1, 2020, not less than twenty per cent of the total output or services of any such electric supplier shall be generated from Class I renewable energy sources;

(16) On and after January 1, 2021, not less than twenty-two and one-half per cent of the total output or services of any such supplier or distribution company shall be generated from Class I renewable energy sources and an additional four per cent of the total output or services shall be from Class I or Class II renewable energy sources;

(17) On and after January 1, 2022, not less than twenty-four per cent of the total output or services of any such supplier or distribution company shall be generated from Class I renewable energy sources and an additional four per cent of the total output or services shall be from Class I or Class II renewable energy sources;

(18) On and after January 1, 2023, not less than twenty-six per cent of the total output or services of any such supplier or distribution company shall be generated from Class I renewable energy sources and an additional four per cent of the total output or services shall be from Class II renewable energy sources;

(19) On and after January 1, 2024, not less than twenty-eight per cent of the total output or services of any such supplier or distribution company shall be generated from Class I renewable energy sources and an additional four per cent of the total output or services shall be from Class II renewable energy sources;

(20) On and after January 1, 2025, not less than thirty per cent of the total output or services of any such supplier or distribution company shall be generated from Class I renewable energy sources and an additional four per cent of the total output or services shall be from Class II renewable energy sources;

(21) On and after January 1, 2026, not less than thirty-two per cent of the total output or services of any such supplier or distribution company shall be generated from Class I renewable energy sources and an additional four per cent of the total output or services shall be from Class II renewable energy sources;

(22) On and after January 1, 2027, not less than thirty-four per cent of the total output or services of any such supplier or distribution company shall be generated from Class I renewable energy sources and an additional four per cent of the total output or services shall be from Class II renewable energy sources;

(23) On and after January 1, 2028, not less than thirty-six per cent of the total output or services of any such supplier or distribution company shall be generated from Class I renewable energy sources and an additional four per cent of the total output or services shall be from Class II renewable energy sources;

(24) On and after January 1, 2029, not less than thirty-eight per cent of the total output or services of any such supplier or distribution company shall be generated from Class I renewable energy sources and an additional four per cent of the total output or services shall be from Class II renewable energy sources;

(25) On and after January 1, 2030, not less than forty per cent of the total output or services of any such supplier or distribution company shall be generated from Class I renewable energy sources and an additional four per cent of the total output or services shall be from Class II renewable energy sources.

(b) (1) An electric supplier or electric distribution company may satisfy the requirements of this section (A) by purchasing certificates issued by the New England Power Pool Generation Information System, provided the certificates are for (i) energy produced by a generating unit using Class I or Class II renewable energy sources and the generating unit is located in the jurisdiction of the regional independent system operator, or (ii) energy imported into the control area of the regional independent system operator pursuant to New England Power Pool Generation Information System Rule 2.7(c), as in effect on January 1, 2006; (B) for those renewable energy certificates under contract to serve end use customers in the state on or before October 1, 2006, by participating in a renewable energy trading program within said jurisdictions as approved by the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority; or (C) by purchasing eligible renewable electricity and associated attributes from residential customers who are net producers. (2) Not more than two and one-half per cent of the total output or services of an electric supplier or electric distribution company shall be generated from Class I renewable energy sources eligible as described in subparagraph (A)(x)(II) of subdivision (20) of subsection (a) of section 16-1 .

(c) Any supplier who provides electric generation services solely from a Class II renewable energy source shall not be required to comply with the provisions of this section.

(d) An electric supplier or an electric distribution company shall base its demonstration of generation sources, as required under subsection (a) of this section on historical data, which may consist of data filed with the regional independent system operator.

(e) The authority shall adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, to implement the provisions of this section.

(f) Notwithstanding the provisions of this section and section 16-244c , for periods beginning on and after January 1, 2008, each electric distribution company may procure renewable energy certificates from Class I, Class II and Class III renewable energy sources through long-term contracting mechanisms. The electric distribution companies may enter into long-term contracts for not more than fifteen years to procure such renewable energy certificates. The electric distribution companies shall use any renewable energy certificates obtained pursuant to this section to meet their standard service and supplier of last resort renewable portfolio standard requirements.

(g) On or before January 1, 2014, the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection shall, in developing or modifying an Integrated Resources Plan in accordance with sections 16a-3a and 16a-3e , establish a schedule to commence on January 1, 2015, for assigning a gradually reduced renewable energy credit value to all biomass or landfill methane gas facilities that qualify as a Class I renewable energy source pursuant to section 16-1 , provided this subsection shall not apply to anaerobic digestion or other biogas facilities, and further provided any reduced renewable energy credit value established pursuant to this section shall not apply to any biomass or landfill methane gas facility that has entered into a power purchase agreement (1) with an electric supplier or electric distribution company in the state of Connecticut on or before June 5, 2013, or (2) executed in accordance with section 16a-3f or 16a-3h . The Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection may review the schedule established pursuant to this subsection in preparation of each subsequent Integrated Resources Plan developed pursuant to section 16a-3a and make any necessary changes thereto to ensure that the rate of reductions in renewable energy credit value for biomass or landfill methane gas facilities is appropriate given the availability of other Class I renewable energy sources.

(h) The authority shall establish procedures for the disposition of renewable energy certificates purchased pursuant to section 16-244z , which may include procedures for selling renewable energy certificates consistent with section 16-244z or, if renewable energy certificates procured pursuant to section 16-244z are retired and never used for compliance in any other jurisdiction, reductions to the percentage of the total output or services of an electric supplier or an electric distribution company generated from Class I renewable energy sources required pursuant to subsection (a) of this section. Any such reduction shall be based on the energy production that the authority forecasts will be procured pursuant to subsections (a) and (b) of section 16-244z . The authority shall determine any such reduction of an annual renewable portfolio standard not later than one year prior to the effective date of such annual renewable portfolio standard. An electric distribution company shall not be responsible for any administrative or other costs or expenses associated with any difference between the number of renewable energy certificates planned to be retired pursuant to the authority's reduction and the actual number of renewable energy certificates retired.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-50ff — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 277a / Section 16-50ff
Sec. 16-50ff. Local telecommunications coverage assessments.
Status: in_force

(b) On or before January 1, 2008, each provider of telecommunications services, upon the request of the Connecticut Siting Council, shall submit to said council all information concerning (1) locations within a particular municipality that provide inconsistent or nonexistent telecommunications coverage, and (2) said provider's existing and projected demands for telecommunications coverage within said municipality. Such information shall be used solely to prepare the assessment required under subsection (a) of this section.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16a-106 — Connecticut Code / Title 16a / Chapter 298a / Section 16a-106
Sec. 16a-106. (Formerly Sec. 19-409d). Transporting of radioactive materials in the state. Permit required. Regulations. Exemptions. Penalty.
Status: in_force

(b) Prior to the transporting of such materials, such person shall apply to the Commissioner of Transportation for a permit and provide said commissioner with the following information: (1) Name of shipper, (2) name of carrier, (3) type and quantity of radioactive material or waste, (4) proposed date and time of shipment, (5) starting point, scheduled route, and destination, and (6) any other information required by the commissioner. Said commissioner shall grant such permit upon a finding that the transporting of such material shall be accomplished in a manner necessary to protect the public health and safety of the citizens of the state. Such permit shall be granted or denied not later than three days, Saturdays and Sundays excluded, after such person has applied for such permit, except that if the commissioner determines that additional time is required to evaluate such application, the commissioner shall notify such person not later than such three-day period that such additional time is required. Said commissioner may require changes in dates, routes or time for the transporting of such material or the use of escorts in the transporting of such material or waste if necessary to protect the public health and safety. The commissioner may consult with the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection and the Commissioner of Emergency Services and Public Protection prior to the granting of such permit and shall immediately notify the Commissioner of Emergency Services and Public Protection of the granting of any permit and of the terms and conditions of such permit. The Commissioner of Emergency Services and Public Protection shall establish an inspection procedure along scheduled routes to ensure compliance with permit conditions and with regulations adopted by the Commissioner of Transportation pursuant to subsection (c) of this section.

(c) The Commissioner of Transportation shall, after consultation with the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection, the Commissioner of Emergency Services and Public Protection, representatives of the federal Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the United States Department of Transportation, adopt regulations, pursuant to chapter 54, to carry out the provisions of this section. The Commissioner of Transportation shall, after consultation with the Commissioner of Emergency Services and Public Protection, establish by regulations adopted pursuant to chapter 54 a permit fee schedule commensurate with the cost of administering the provisions of this section.

(d) This section shall not apply to radioactive materials shipped by or for the United States government for military or national security purposes or which are related to national defense. Nothing herein shall be construed as requiring the disclosure of any defense information or restricted data as defined in the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 and the Energy Reorganization Act of 1974, as amended.

(e) Notwithstanding the provisions of the Freedom of Information Act, as defined in section 1-200 , the Commissioner of Transportation shall not disclose to any person other than the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection or the Commissioner of Emergency Services and Public Protection any information provided the Commissioner of Transportation pursuant to subsection (b) of this section prior to the completion of such shipment to which such information relates.

(f) Any person who violates any provision of this section shall be fined not more than ten thousand dollars for each violation.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-243t — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-243t
Sec. 16-243t. Class III credits.
Status: in_force

(b) In order to be eligible for ongoing Class III credits, the customer shall file an application that contains information necessary for the authority to determine that the resource qualifies for Class III status. Such application shall (1) certify that installation and metering requirements have been met where appropriate, (2) provide a detailed energy savings or energy output calculation for such time period as specified by the authority, and (3) include any other information that the authority deems appropriate.

(c) For conservation and load management projects that serve residential customers, seventy-five per cent of the financial value derived from the credits shall be directed in furtherance of the Conservation and Load Management Plan.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16a-48 — Connecticut Code / Title 16a / Chapter 298 / Section 16a-48
Sec. 16a-48. Energy efficiency standards for products.
Status: in_force

(1) “Department” means the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection;

(2) “Fluorescent lamp ballast” or “ballast” means a device designed to operate fluorescent lamps by providing a starting voltage and current and limiting the current during normal operation, but does not include such devices that have a dimming capability or are intended for use in ambient temperatures of zero degrees Fahrenheit or less or have a power factor of less than sixty-one hundredths for a single F40T12 lamp;

(3) “F40T12 lamp” means a tubular fluorescent lamp that is a nominal forty-watt lamp, with a forty-eight-inch tube length and one and one-half inches in diameter;

(4) “F96T12 lamp” means a tubular fluorescent lamp that is a nominal seventy-five-watt lamp with a ninety-six-inch tube length and one and one-half inches in diameter;

(5) “Luminaire” means a complete lighting unit consisting of a fluorescent lamp, or lamps, together with parts designed to distribute the light, to position and protect such lamps, and to connect such lamps to the power supply;

(6) “New product” means a product that is sold, offered for sale, or installed for the first time and specifically includes floor models and demonstration units;

(7) “Commissioner” means the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection;

(8) “State Building Code” means the building code adopted pursuant to section 29-252 ;

(9) “Torchiere lighting fixture” means a portable electric lighting fixture with a reflector bowl giving light directed upward so as to give indirect illumination;

(10) “Unit heater” means a self-contained, vented fan-type commercial space heater that uses natural gas or propane and that is designed to be installed without ducts within the heated space. “Unit heater” does not include a product regulated by federal standards pursuant to 42 USC 6291, as amended from time to time, a product that is a direct vent, forced flue heater with a sealed combustion burner, or any oil fired heating system;

(11) “Transformer” means a device consisting of two or more coils of insulated wire that transfers alternating current by electromagnetic induction from one coil to another in order to change the original voltage or current value;

(12) “Low-voltage dry-type transformer” means a transformer that: (A) Has an input voltage of six hundred volts or less; (B) is between fourteen kilovolt-amperes and two thousand five hundred one kilovolt-amperes in size; (C) is air-cooled; and (D) does not use oil as a coolant. “Low-voltage dry-type transformer” does not include such transformers excluded from the low-voltage dry-type distribution transformer definition contained in the California Code of Regulations, Title 20: Division 2, Chapter 4, Article 4: Appliance Efficiency Regulations;

(13) “Pass-through cabinet” means a refrigerator or freezer with hinged or sliding doors on both the front and rear of the refrigerator or freezer;

(14) “Reach-in cabinet” means a refrigerator, freezer, or combination thereof, with hinged or sliding doors or lids;

(15) “Roll-in” or “roll-through cabinet” means a refrigerator or freezer with hinged or sliding doors that allows wheeled racks of product to be rolled into or through the refrigerator or freezer;

(16) “Commercial refrigerators and freezers” means reach-in cabinets, pass-through cabinets, roll-in cabinets and roll-through cabinets that have less than eighty-five feet of capacity, which are designed for the refrigerated or frozen storage of food and food products;

(17) “Traffic signal module” means a standard eight-inch or twelve-inch round traffic signal indicator consisting of a light source, lens and all parts necessary for operation and communication of movement messages to drivers through red, amber and green colors;

(18) “Illuminated exit sign” means an internally illuminated sign that is designed to be permanently fixed in place and used to identify an exit by means of a light source that illuminates the sign or letters from within where the background of the exit sign is not transparent;

(19) “Packaged air-conditioning equipment” means air-conditioning equipment that is built as a package and shipped as a whole to end-user sites;

(20) “Large packaged air-conditioning equipment” means air-cooled packaged air-conditioning equipment having not less than two hundred forty thousand BTUs per hour of capacity;

(21) “Commercial clothes washer” means a soft mount front-loading or soft mount top-loading clothes washer that is designed for use in (A) applications where the occupants of more than one household will be using it, such as in multifamily housing common areas and coin laundries; or (B) other commercial applications, if the clothes container compartment is no greater than three and one-half cubic feet for horizontal-axis clothes washers or no greater than four cubic feet for vertical-axis clothes washers;

(22) “Energy efficiency ratio” means a measure of the relative efficiency of a heating or cooling appliance that is equal to the unit's output in BTUs per hour divided by its consumption of energy, measured in watts;

(23) “Electricity ratio” means the ratio of furnace electricity use to total furnace energy use;

(24) “Boiler” means a space heater that is a self-contained appliance for supplying steam or hot water primarily intended for space-heating. “Boiler” does not include hot water supply boilers;

(25) “Central furnace” means a self-contained space heater designed to supply heated air through ducts of more than ten inches in length;

(26) “Residential furnace or boiler” means a product that utilizes only single-phase electric current or single-phase electric current or DC current in conjunction with natural gas, propane or home heating oil and that (A) is designed to be the principal heating source for the living space of a residence; (B) is not contained within the same cabinet as a central air conditioner with a rated cooling capacity of not less than sixty-five thousand BTUs per hour; (C) is an electric central furnace, electric boiler, forced-air central furnace, gravity central furnace or low pressure steam or hot water boiler; and (D) has a heat input rate of less than three hundred thousand BTUs per hour for an electric boiler and low pressure steam or hot water boiler and less than two hundred twenty-five thousand BTUs per hour for a forced-air central furnace, gravity central furnace and electric central furnace;

(27) “Furnace air handler” means the section of the furnace that includes the fan, blower and housing, generally upstream of the burners and heat exchanger. The furnace air handler may include a filter and a cooling coil;

(28) “High-intensity discharge lamp” means a lamp in which light is produced by the passage of an electric current through a vapor or gas, the light-producing arc is stabilized by bulb wall temperature and the arc tube has a bulb wall loading in excess of three watts per square centimeter;

(29) “Metal halide lamp” means a high intensity discharge lamp in which the major portion of the light is produced by radiation of metal halides and their products of dissociation, possibly in combination with metallic vapors;

(30) “Metal halide lamp fixture” means a light fixture designed to be operated with a metal halide lamp and a ballast for a metal halide lamp;

(31) “Probe start metal halide ballast” means a ballast used to operate metal halide lamps that does not contain an ignitor and that instead starts lamps by using a third starting electrode probe in the arc tube;

(32) “Single voltage external AC to DC power supply” means a device that (A) is designed to convert line voltage AC input into lower voltage DC output; (B) is able to convert to only one DC output voltage at a time; (C) is sold with, or intended to be used with, a separate end use product that constitutes the primary power load; (D) is contained within a separate physical enclosure from the end use product; (E) is connected to the end use product in a removable or hard-wired male and female electrical connection, cable, cord or other wiring; (F) does not have batteries or battery packs, including those that are removable or that physically attach directly to the power supply unit; (G) does not have a battery chemistry or type selector switch and indicator light or a battery chemistry or type selector switch and a state of charge meter; and (H) has a nameplate output power less than or equal to two hundred fifty watts;

(33) “State regulated incandescent reflector lamp” means a lamp that is not colored or designed for rough or vibration service applications, has an inner reflective coating on the outer bulb to direct the light, has an E26 medium screw base, a rated voltage or voltage range that lies at least partially within one hundred fifteen to one hundred thirty volts, and that falls into one of the following categories: (A) A bulged reflector or elliptical reflector or a blown PAR bulb shape and that has a diameter that equals or exceeds two and one-quarter inches, or (B) a reflector, parabolic aluminized reflector, bulged reflector or similar bulb shape and that has a diameter of two and one-quarter to two and three-quarters inches. “State regulated incandescent reflector lamp” does not include ER30, BR30, BR40 and ER40 lamps of not more than fifty watts, BR30, BR40 and ER40 lamps of sixty-five watts and R20 lamps of not more than forty-five watts;

(34) “Bottle-type water dispenser” means a water dispenser that uses a bottle or reservoir as the source of potable water;

(35) “Commercial hot food holding cabinet” means a heated, fully-enclosed compartment with one or more solid or partial glass doors that is designed to maintain the temperature of hot food that has been cooked in a separate appliance. “Commercial hot food holding cabinet” does not include heated glass merchandizing cabinets, drawer warmers or cook-and-hold appliances;

(36) “Pool heater” means an appliance designed for heating nonpotable water contained at atmospheric pressure for swimming pools, spas, hot tubs and similar applications, including natural gas, heat pump, oil and electric resistance pool heaters;

(37) “Portable electric spa” means a factory-built electric spa or hot tub supplied with equipment for heating and circulating water;

(38) “Residential pool pump” means a pump used to circulate and filter pool water to maintain clarity and sanitation;

(39) “Walk-in refrigerator” means a space refrigerated to temperatures at or above thirty-two degrees Fahrenheit that has a total chilled storage area of less than three thousand square feet, can be walked into and is designed for the refrigerated storage of food and food products. “Walk-in refrigerator” does not include refrigerated warehouses and products designed and marketed exclusively for medical, scientific or research purposes;

(40) “Walk-in freezer” means a space refrigerated to temperatures below thirty-two degrees Fahrenheit that has a total chilled storage area of less than three thousand square feet, can be walked into and is designed for the frozen storage of food and food products. “Walk-in freezer” does not include refrigerated warehouses and products designed and marketed exclusively for medical, scientific or research purposes;

(41) “Central air conditioner” means a central air conditioning model that consists of one or more factory-made assemblies, which normally include an evaporator or cooling coil, compressor and condenser. Central air conditioning models may provide the function of air cooling, air cleaning, dehumidifying or humidifying;

(42) “Combination television” means a system in which a television or television monitor and an additional device or devices, including, but not limited to, a digital versatile disc player or video cassette recorder, are combined into a single unit in which the additional devices are included in the television casing;

(43) “Compact audio player” means an integrated audio system encased in a single housing that includes an amplifier and radio tuner with attached or separable speakers and can reproduce audio from one or more of the following media: Magnetic tape, compact disc, digital versatile disc or flash memory. “Compact audio player” does not mean a product that can be independently powered by internal batteries, has a powered external satellite antenna or can provide a video output signal;

(44) “Component television” means a television composed of two or more separate components, such as a separate display device and tuner, marketed and sold as a television under one model or system designation, which may have more than one power cord;

(45) “Computer monitor” means an analog or digital device designed primarily for the display of computer generated signals and that is not marketed for use as a television;

(46) “Digital versatile disc” means a laser-encoded plastic medium capable of storing a large amount of digital audio, video and computer data;

(47) “Digital versatile disc player” means a commercially available electronic product encased in a single housing that includes an integral power supply and for which the sole purpose is the decoding of digitized video signals;

(48) “Digital versatile disc recorder” means a commercially available electronic product encased in a single housing that includes an integral power supply and for which the sole purpose is the production or recording of digitized audio, video and computer signals on a digital versatile disc. “Digital versatile disc recorder” does not include a model that has an electronic programming guide function;

(49) “Television” means an analog or digital device designed primarily for the display and reception of a terrestrial, satellite, cable, internet protocol television or other broadcast or recorded transmission of analog or digital video and audio signals. “Television” includes combination televisions, television monitors, component televisions and any unit that is marketed to consumers as a television but does not include a computer monitor;

(50) “Television monitor” means a television that does not have an internal tuner/receiver or playback device.

(b) The provisions of this section apply to the testing, certification and enforcement of efficiency standards for the following types of new products sold, offered for sale or installed in the state: (1) Commercial clothes washers; (2) commercial refrigerators and freezers; (3) illuminated exit signs; (4) large packaged air-conditioning equipment; (5) low voltage dry-type distribution transformers; (6) torchiere lighting fixtures; (7) traffic signal modules; (8) unit heaters; (9) residential furnaces and boilers; (10) residential pool pumps; (11) metal halide lamp fixtures; (12) single voltage external AC to DC power supplies; (13) state regulated incandescent reflector lamps; (14) bottle-type water dispensers; (15) commercial hot food holding cabinets; (16) portable electric spas; (17) walk-in refrigerators and walk-in freezers; (18) pool heaters; (19) compact audio players; (20) televisions; (21) digital versatile disc players; (22) digital versatile disc recorders; and (23) any other products as may be designated by the commissioner in accordance with subdivision (3) of subsection (d) of this section.

(c) The provisions of this section do not apply to (1) new products manufactured in the state and sold outside the state, (2) new products manufactured outside the state and sold at wholesale inside the state for final retail sale and installation outside the state, (3) products installed in mobile manufactured homes at the time of construction, or (4) products designed expressly for installation and use in recreational vehicles.

(d) (1) The Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection shall adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, to implement the provisions of this section and to establish minimum energy efficiency standards for the types of new products set forth in subsection (b) of this section. The regulations shall provide for the following minimum energy efficiency standards:

(A) Commercial clothes washers shall meet the requirements shown in Table P-3 of section 1605.3 of the California Code of Regulations, Title 20: Division 2, Chapter 4, Article 4;

(B) Commercial refrigerators and freezers shall meet the August 1, 2004, requirements shown in Table A-6 of said California regulation;

(C) Illuminated exit signs shall meet the version 2.0 product specification of the “Energy Star Program Requirements for Exit Signs” developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency;

(D) Large packaged air-conditioning equipment having not more than seven hundred sixty thousand BTUs per hour of capacity shall meet a minimum energy efficiency ratio of 10.0 for units using both electric heat and air conditioning or units solely using electric air conditioning, and 9.8 for units using both natural gas heat and electric air conditioning;

(E) Large packaged air-conditioning equipment having not less than seven hundred sixty-one thousand BTUs per hour of capacity shall meet a minimum energy efficiency ratio of 9.7 for units using both electric heat and air conditioning or units solely using electric air conditioning, and 9.5 for units using both natural gas heat and electric air conditioning;

(F) Low voltage dry-type distribution transformers shall meet or exceed the energy efficiency values shown in Table 4-2 of the National Electrical Manufacturers Association Standard TP-1-2002;

(G) Torchiere lighting fixtures shall not consume more than one hundred ninety watts and shall not be capable of operating with lamps that total more than one hundred ninety watts;

(H) Traffic signal modules shall meet the product specification of the “Energy Star Program Requirements for Traffic Signals” developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency that took effect in February, 2001, except where the department, in consultation with the Commissioner of Transportation, determines that such specification would compromise safe signal operation;

(I) Unit heaters shall not have pilot lights and shall have either power venting or an automatic flue damper;

(J) On or after January 1, 2009, residential furnaces and boilers purchased by the state shall meet or exceed the following annual fuel utilization efficiency: (i) For gas and propane furnaces, ninety per cent annual fuel utilization efficiency, (ii) for oil furnaces, eighty-three per cent annual fuel utilization efficiency, (iii) for gas and propane hot water boilers, eighty-four per cent annual fuel utilization efficiency, (iv) for oil-fired hot water boilers, eighty-four per cent annual fuel utilization efficiency, (v) for gas and propane steam boilers, eighty-two per cent annual fuel utilization efficiency, (vi) for oil-fired steam boilers, eighty-two per cent annual fuel utilization efficiency, and (vii) for furnaces with furnace air handlers, an electricity ratio of not more than 2.0, except air handlers for oil furnaces with a capacity of less than ninety-four thousand BTUs per hour shall have an electricity ratio of 2.3 or less;

(K) On or after January 1, 2010, metal halide lamp fixtures designed to be operated with lamps rated greater than or equal to one hundred fifty watts but less than or equal to five hundred watts shall not contain a probe-start metal halide lamp ballast;

(L) Single-voltage external AC to DC power supplies manufactured on or after January 1, 2008, shall meet the energy efficiency standards of table U-1 of section 1605.3 of the January 2006 California Code of Regulations, Title 20, Division 2, Chapter 4, Article 4: Appliance Efficiency Regulations. This standard applies to single voltage AC to DC power supplies that are sold individually and to those that are sold as a component of or in conjunction with another product. This standard shall not apply to single-voltage external AC to DC power supplies sold with products subject to certification by the United States Food and Drug Administration. A single-voltage external AC to DC power supply that is made available by a manufacturer directly to a consumer or to a service or repair facility after and separate from the original sale of the product requiring the power supply as a service part or spare part shall not be required to meet the standards in said table U-1 until five years after the effective dates indicated in the table;

(M) On or after January 1, 2009, state regulated incandescent reflector lamps shall be manufactured to meet the minimum average lamp efficacy requirements for federally regulated incandescent reflector lamps contained in 42 USC 6295(i)(1)(A). Each lamp shall indicate the date of manufacture;

(N) On or after January 1, 2009, bottle-type water dispensers, commercial hot food holding cabinets, portable electric spas, walk-in refrigerators and walk-in freezers shall meet the efficiency requirements of section 1605.3 of the January 2006 California Code of Regulations, Title 20, Division 2, Chapter 4, Article 4: Appliance Efficiency Regulations. On or after January 1, 2010, residential pool pumps shall meet said efficiency requirements;

(O) On or after January 1, 2009, pool heaters shall meet the efficiency requirements of sections 1605.1 and 1605.3 of the January 2006 California Code of Regulations, Title 20, Division 2, Chapter 4, Article 4: Appliance Efficiency Regulations;

(P) By January 1, 2014, compact audio players, digital versatile disc players and digital versatile disc recorders shall meet the requirements shown in Table V-1 of Section 1605.3 of the November 2009 amendments to the California Code of Regulations, Title 20, Division 2, Chapter 4, Article 4, unless the commissioner, in accordance with subparagraph (B) of subdivision (3) of this subsection, determines that such standards are unwarranted and may accept, reject or modify according to subparagraph (A) of subdivision (3) of this subsection;

(Q) On or after January 1, 2014, televisions manufactured on or after July 1, 2011, shall meet the requirements shown in Table V-2 of Section 1605.3 of the November 2009 amendments to the California Code of Regulations, Title 20, Division 2, Chapter 4, Article 4, unless the commissioner, in accordance with subparagraph (B) of subdivision (3) of this subsection, determines that such standards are unwarranted and may accept, reject or modify according to subparagraph (A) of subdivision (3) of this subsection; and

(R) In addition to the requirements of subparagraph (Q) of this subdivision, televisions manufactured on or after January 1, 2014, shall meet the efficiency requirements of Sections 1605.3(v)(3)(A), 1605.3(v)(3)(B) and 1605.3(v)(3)(C) of the November 2009 amendments to the California Code of Regulations, Title 20, Division 2, Chapter 4, Article 4, unless the commissioner, in accordance with subparagraph (B) of subdivision (3) of this subsection, determines that such standards are unwarranted and may accept, reject or modify according to subparagraph (A) of subdivision (3) of this subsection.

(2) Such efficiency standards, where in conflict with the State Building Code, shall take precedence over the standards contained in the Building Code. Not later than July 1, 2007, and biennially thereafter, the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection shall review and increase the level of such efficiency standards by adopting regulations in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54 upon a determination that increased efficiency standards would serve to promote energy conservation in the state and would be cost-effective for consumers who purchase and use such new products, provided no such increased efficiency standards shall become effective within one year following the adoption of any amended regulations providing for such increased efficiency standards.

(3) (A) The Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection shall adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, to designate additional products to be subject to the provisions of this section and to establish efficiency standards for such products upon a determination that such efficiency standards (i) would serve to promote energy conservation in the state, (ii) would be cost-effective for consumers who purchase and use such new products, and (iii) would not impose an unreasonable burden on Connecticut businesses.

(B) The Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection, in consultation with the Multi-State Appliance Standards Collaborative, shall identify additional appliance and equipment efficiency standards. The commissioner shall review all California standards and may review standards from other states in such collaborative. The commissioner shall issue notice of such review in the Connecticut Law Journal, allow for public comment and may hold a public hearing within six months of adoption of an efficiency standard by a cooperative member state regarding a product for which no equivalent Connecticut or federal standard currently exists. The commissioner shall adopt regulations in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54 adopting such efficiency standard unless the commissioner makes a specific finding that such standard does not meet the criteria in subparagraph (A) of this subdivision.

(e) On or after July 1, 2006, except for commercial clothes washers, for which the date shall be July 1, 2007, commercial refrigerators and freezers, for which the date shall be July 1, 2008, and large packaged air-conditioning equipment, for which the date shall be July 1, 2009, no new product of a type set forth in subsection (b) of this section or designated by the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection may be sold, offered for sale, or installed in the state unless the energy efficiency of the new product meets or exceeds the efficiency standards set forth in such regulations adopted pursuant to subsection (d) of this section.

(f) The Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection shall adopt procedures for testing the energy efficiency of the new products set forth in subsection (b) of this section or designated by the commissioner if such procedures are not provided for in the State Building Code. The commissioner shall use United States Department of Energy approved test methods, or in the absence of such test methods, other appropriate nationally recognized test methods. The manufacturers of such products shall cause samples of such products to be tested in accordance with the test procedures adopted pursuant to this subsection or those specified in the State Building Code.

(g) Manufacturers of any new products set forth in subsection (b) of this section for which (1) no efficiency standards exist in California, and (2) the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection adopts efficiency standards, shall certify to the commissioner that such products are in compliance with the provisions of this section, except that certification is not required for single voltage external AC to DC power supplies and walk-in refrigerators and walk-in freezers. All single voltage external AC to DC power supplies shall be labeled as described in the January 2006 California Code of Regulations, Title 20, Section 1607(9). The commissioner shall promulgate regulations governing the certification of such products. The commissioner shall publish an annual list of any products set forth in subsection (b) of this section on the department's Internet web site that designates which such products are certified in California and which such products not certified in California have demonstrated compliance with efficiency standards adopted by the commissioner pursuant to subparagraph (B) of subdivision (3) of subsection (d) of this section.

(h) The Attorney General may institute proceedings to enforce the provisions of this section. Any person who violates any provision of this section shall be subject to a civil penalty of not more than two hundred fifty dollars. Each violation of this section shall constitute a separate offense, and each day that such violation continues shall constitute a separate offense.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-8 — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 277 / Section 16-8
Sec. 16-8. Examination of witnesses and documents. Hearing officers. Management audits.
Status: in_force

(b) (1) The authority may employ professional personnel to perform management audits. The authority shall promptly establish such procedures as it deems necessary or desirable to provide for management audits to be performed on a regular or irregular schedule on all or any portion of the operating procedures and any other internal workings of any public service company or person involved in the transportation of gas, as such terms are defined in section 16-280a , including the relationship between any public service company or person involved in the transportation of gas, as such terms are defined in section 16-280a , and a related holding company or subsidiary, consistent with the provisions of section 16-8c , provided no such audit shall be performed on a community antenna television company, except with regard to any noncable communications services which the company may provide, or when (A) such an audit is necessary for the authority to perform its regulatory functions under the Communications Act of 1934, 47 USC 151, et seq., as amended from time to time, other federal law or state law, (B) the cost of such an audit is warranted by a reasonably foreseeable financial, safety or service benefit to subscribers of the company which is the subject of such an audit, and (C) such an audit is restricted to examination of the operating procedures that affect operations within the state.

(2) In any case where the authority determines that an audit is necessary or desirable, it may (A) order the audit to be performed by one of the management audit teams, (B) require the affected company or person to perform the audit utilizing the company's own internal management audit staff as supervised by designated members of the authority's staff or the person's own internal management audit staff as supervised by designated members of the authority's staff, or (C) require that the audit be performed under the supervision of designated members of the authority's staff by an independent management consulting firm selected by the authority, in consultation with the affected company or person. If the affected company or person has more than seventy-five thousand customers, such independent management consulting firm shall be of nationally recognized stature. All reasonable and proper expenses of the audits, including, but not limited to, the costs associated with the audit firm's testimony at a public hearing or other proceeding, shall be borne by the affected companies or persons and shall be paid by such companies or persons at such times and in such manner as the authority directs.

(3) For purposes of this section, a complete audit shall consist of (A) a diagnostic review of all functions of the audited company or person, which shall include, but not be limited to, documentation of the operations of the company or person, assessment of the company's system of internal controls or assessment of the person's system of internal controls, and identification of any areas of the company or person which may require subsequent audits, and (B) the performance of subsequent focused audits identified in the diagnostic review and determined necessary by the authority. All audits performed pursuant to this section shall be performed in accordance with generally accepted management audit standards. The authority shall adopt regulations in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54 setting forth such generally accepted management audit standards. Each audit of a community antenna television company shall be consistent with the provisions of the Communications Act of 1934, 47 USC 151, et seq., as amended from time to time, and of any other applicable federal law. The authority shall certify whether a portion of an audit conforms to the provisions of this section and constitutes a portion of a complete audit.

(4) A complete audit of each portion of each gas company, electric distribution company or water company having more than seventy-five thousand customers shall begin no less frequently than every six years, so that a complete audit of such a company's operations shall be performed every six years. Such an audit of each such company having more than seventy-five thousand customers shall be updated as required by the authority.

(5) The results of an audit performed pursuant to this section shall be filed with the authority and shall be open to public inspection. Upon completion and review of the audit, if the person or firm performing or supervising the audit determines that any of the operating procedures or any other internal workings of the affected public service company or person involved in the transportation of gas, as such terms are defined in section 16-280a , are inefficient, improvident, unreasonable, negligent or in abuse of discretion, the authority may, after notice and opportunity for a hearing, order the affected public service company or person involved in the transportation of gas, as such terms are defined in section 16-280a , to adopt such new or altered practices and procedures as the authority shall find necessary to promote efficient and adequate service to meet the public convenience and necessity. The authority shall annually submit a report of audits performed pursuant to this section to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to public utilities which report shall include the status of audits begun but not yet completed and a summary of the results of audits completed. Any such report may be submitted electronically.

(6) All prudent, reasonable and proper costs and expenses, as determined by the authority, of complying with any order of the authority pursuant to this subsection shall be recognized by the authority for all purposes as proper business expenses of the affected company or person. Any costs or expenses, as determined by the authority, incurred by the company or person to address or remediate an inefficient, improvident, unreasonable, negligent or imprudent management or company practice identified in the course of the management audit shall not constitute prudent, reasonable and proper costs and expenses.

(7) After notice and hearing, the authority may modify the scope and schedule of a management audit of a telephone company which is subject to an alternative form of regulation so that such audit is consistent with that alternative form of regulation.

(c) Nothing in this section shall be deemed to interfere or conflict with any powers of the authority or its staff provided elsewhere in the general statutes, including, but not limited to, the provisions of this section and sections 16-7 , 16-28 and 16-32 , to conduct an audit, investigation or review of the books, records, plants and equipment of any regulated public service company or person involved in the transportation of gas, as such terms are defined in section 16-280a .

See Sec. 52-260 re witness fees.

Cited. 162 C. 51; 210 C. 349.

Cited. 44 CS 21.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-46 — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 277 / Section 16-46
Sec. 16-46. Dissolution or termination of public service company. Cessation of public service operations.
Status: in_force

(b) Any public service company may, with such consent, or in the case of a water company, as defined in section 16-262n , for which a decision has been issued pursuant to section 16-262o , such water company shall, dissolve and terminate its corporate existence in the manner provided for dissolution and termination by such company's charter or certificate of incorporation, provided, if such charter or certificate requires stockholder approval, such approval shall be by not less than two-thirds of the voting power of the shares entitled to vote thereon. If there is no provision for dissolution and termination in such charter or certificate, such company may, with the consent of the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority, or in the case of a water company, the consent of both the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority and the Department of Public Health, dissolve and terminate its corporate existence in any manner provided in part XIV of chapter 601 in the case of a company organized with capital stock or part XI of chapter 602 in the case of a company organized without capital stock. Such dissolution and termination shall take effect upon (1) for a corporation, the filing with the Secretary of the State of a certificate of dissolution, and (2) for an unincorporated entity, the filing of a certificate of dissolution with the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority and the Department of Public Health. In the event of such cessation, dissolution or termination, all claims and rights of creditors shall constitute liens upon the property and franchises of the company and shall continue in existence as long as may be necessary to preserve the same.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-19 — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 277 / Section 16-19
Sec. 16-19. Amendment of rate schedule; investigations and findings by authority; hearings; deferral of municipal rate increases; refunds; notice of application for rate amendment, interim rate amendment and reopening of rate proceeding.
Status: in_force

(b) If the authority has not made its finding respecting an amendment of any electric distribution or gas company rate within three hundred fifty days from the proposed effective date of such amendment thereof, or if the authority has not made its finding respecting an amendment of any public service company rate, except an electric distribution or a gas company rate, within two hundred seventy days from the proposed effective date of such amendment thereof, such amendment may become effective pending the authority's finding with respect to such amendment upon the filing by the company with the authority of assurance satisfactory to the authority, which may include a bond with surety, of the company's ability and willingness to refund to its customers with interest such amounts as the company may collect from them in excess of the rates fixed by the authority in its finding or fixed at the conclusion of any appeal taken as a result of a finding by the authority.

(c) Upon conclusion of its investigation of the reasonableness of any proposed increase of rates, the authority shall order the company to refund to its customers with interest any amounts the company may have collected from them during the period that any amendment permitted by subsection (b) of this section was in force, which amounts the authority may find to have been in excess of the rates fixed by the authority in its finding or fixed at the conclusion of any appeal taken as a result of a finding by the authority. Any such refund ordered by the authority shall be paid by the company, under direction of the authority, to its customers in such amounts as are determined by the authority.

(d) Nothing in this section shall be construed to prevent the authority from approving an interim rate increase, if the authority finds that such an interim rate increase is necessary to prevent substantial and material deterioration of the financial condition of a public service company, to prevent substantial deterioration of the adequacy and reliability of service to its customers or to conform to the applicable principles and guidelines set forth in section 16-19e , provided the authority shall first hold a special public hearing on the need for such interim rate increase and the company, at least one week prior to such hearing, notifies each customer who would be affected by the interim rate increase that such an increase is being requested. The company shall include the notice in a mailing of customer bills, unless such a mailing would not provide timely notice, in which case the authority shall authorize an alternative manner of providing such notice. Any such interim rate increase shall only be permitted if the public service company submits an assurance satisfactory to the authority, which may include a bond with surety, of the company's ability and willingness to refund to its customers with interest such amounts as the company may collect from such interim rates in excess of the rates approved by the authority in accordance with subsection (a) of this section. The authority shall order a refund in an amount equal to the excess, if any, of the amount collected pursuant to the interim rates over the amount which would have been collected pursuant to the rates finally approved by the authority in accordance with subsection (a) of this section or fixed at the conclusion of any appeal taken as a result of any finding by the authority. Such refund ordered by the authority shall be paid by the company to its customers in such amounts and by such procedure as ordered by the authority.

(e) If the authority finds that the imposition of any increase in rates would create a hardship for a municipality, because such increase is not reflected in its then current budget, or cannot be included in the budget of its fiscal year which begins less than five months after the effective date of such increase, the authority may defer the applicability of such increase with respect to services furnished to such municipality until the fiscal year of such municipality beginning not less than five months following the effective date of such increase; provided the revenues lost to the public service company through such deferral shall be paid to the public service company by the municipality in its first fiscal year following the period of such deferral.

(f) Any public service company, as defined in section 16-1 , filing an application with the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority to reopen a rate proceeding under this section, which application proposes to increase the company's revenues or any rate or charge of the company by five per cent or more, shall, not later than one week prior to the hearing under the reopened proceeding, notify each customer who would be affected thereby that such an application is being filed. Such notice shall indicate the rate increases proposed in the application. The company shall include the notice in a mailing of customer bills, unless such a mailing would not provide timely notice to customers of the reopening of the proceeding, in which case the authority shall authorize an alternative manner of providing such notice. The authority shall only grant an application by a public service company to reopen a rate proceeding under this section upon a unanimous vote of the utility commissioners.

(g) The authority shall hold either a special public hearing or combine an investigation with an ongoing four-year review conducted in accordance with section 16-19a or with a general rate hearing conducted in accordance with subsection (a) of this section on the need for an interim rate decrease (1) when a public service company has, for the rolling twelve-month period ending with the two most recent consecutive financial quarters, earned a return on equity which exceeds the return authorized by the authority by at least one-half of one percentage point, (2) if it finds that any change in municipal, state or federal tax law creates a significant increase in a company's rate of return, or (3) if it provides appropriate notice that a public service company may be collecting rates or may have an authorized rate of return which is or are more than just, reasonable and adequate, as determined by the authority, provided the authority shall require appropriate notice of hearing to the company and its customers who would be affected by an interim rate decrease in such form as the authority deems reasonable. The company shall be required to demonstrate to the satisfaction of the authority that earning such a return on equity, having an authorized rate of return or collecting rates which are more than just, reasonable and adequate is directly beneficial to its customers. At the completion of the proceeding, the authority may order an interim rate decrease if it finds that such return on equity or rates exceeds a reasonable rate of return or is more than just, reasonable and adequate as determined by the authority. Any such interim rate decrease shall be subject to a customer surcharge if the interim rates collected by the company are less than the rates finally approved by the authority or fixed at the conclusion of any appeal taken as a result of any finding by the authority. Such surcharge shall be assessed against customers in such amounts and by such procedure as ordered by the authority.

(h) The provisions of this section shall not apply to the regulation of a telecommunications service which is a competitive service, as defined in section 16-247a , or to a telecommunications service to which an approved plan for an alternative form of regulation applies, pursuant to section 16-247k .

See Sec. 16-11 re condition of plant, equipment and manner of operation of public service companies.

See Sec. 16-19h re reopening of water company rate proceedings.

See Sec. 16a-49 re conservation and load management program.

This section and Sec. 16-20 compared. 91 C. 138. Nature of power to regulate rates; what considered in determining their reasonableness; discrimination. Id., 692. Power of commission to change rate fixed by contract between a utility and a municipality. 101 C. 158. Cited. 103 C. 206. Establishment of changed rate schedule is not conditioned upon prior approval by commission. 132 C. 497, 509. Power to direct suspension of rate schedule. Id., 510. Cited. 158 C. 626; 159 C. 327; 166 C. 328; 169 C. 344; 174 C. 258; 176 C. 191; 183 C. 128; 188 C. 90; 196 C. 451; 216 C. 627; 219 C. 121; 234 C. 624.

Cited. 19 CS 359. Scope of commission's power in determining rate schedules; fact that commission did not take into consideration tax-free nature of dividends paid to corporation owner of a public utility in setting rate schedule of such utility, held not to invalidate action of commission. 21 CS 69. Rates could not be so low as to be confiscatory or so high as to exceed value of service to the consumer; what constitutes reasonable rate is primarily question of fact, depending largely on circumstances of particular case. 24 CS 441. Proposal filed must be amendment of existing rate schedule. 29 CS 379. Cited. 30 CS 149; 31 CS 65; 34 CS 172; 40 CS 520.

Subsec. (g):

Department's authority to order interim rate reduction is discretionary and statute does not require an interim rate reduction hearing to result in direct cash benefit to taxpayers; department decision to allow power company to apply part of its projected over-earnings toward accelerated amortization of certain regulatory assets as part of interim rate decrease found to be within department's authority. 252 C. 115.

Legislature deliberately created distinct procedure to examine need for temporary rate decrease between full rate cases, and department did not violate public service company's federal or state due process rights by holding an expedited hearing. 51 CS 307.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-243j — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-243j
Sec. 16-243j. Long-term financing for customer-side distributed resources and advanced power monitoring and metering equipment.
Status: in_force

(b) A successful bidder pursuant to this section shall give preference for such long-term financing to projects of customer-side distributed resources and monitoring and metering equipment that maximize the reduction of the federally mandated congestion charges. Costs eligible for such financing shall include, but not be limited to, the capital costs of projects of customer-side distributed resources and advanced power monitoring and metering equipment. For financing provided by a successful bidder pursuant to this section, the authority shall implement a buydown mechanism to reduce the effective annual interest rate to the person receiving the financing to a level that is no greater than the prime rate in effect on the date that the buydown begins for the person receiving the financing.

(c) A person providing financing pursuant to this section shall, after receiving approval from the authority, enter into an agreement with an electric distribution company, as defined in section 16-1 , for such company to provide billing services with respect to the payments due to the financing entity from the person receiving financing. The electric distribution company, as defined in said section 16-1 , shall recover all reasonable costs incurred in implementing this section, including costs associated with the buydown pursuant to subsection (b) of this section, as federally mandated congestion charges, as defined in section 16-1 .
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-245k — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-245k
Sec. 16-245k. Security interest in transition property; creation; perfection. Transferring transition property. Duration of authority to issue financing orders.
Status: in_force

(1) The authority has issued the financing order authorizing the competitive transition assessment included in the transition property.

(2) Value has been given by the pledgees of the transition property.

(3) The pledgor has signed a security agreement covering the transition property.

(b) A valid and enforceable security interest in transition property is perfected when it has attached and when a financing statement has been filed in accordance with part 5 of article 9 of title 42a naming the pledgor of the transition property as “debtor” and identifying the transition property. In such case, the financing statement shall be filed as if the debtor were located in this state. Any description of the transition property shall be sufficient if it refers to the financing order creating the transition property. A copy of the financing statement shall be filed with the authority by the electric distribution company or the financing entity that is the pledgor or transferor of the transition property, and the authority may require the electric distribution company or the financing entity to make other filings with respect to the security interest in accordance with procedures it may establish, provided that the filings shall not affect the perfection of the security interest.

(c) A perfected security interest in transition property is a continuously perfected security interest in all revenues and proceeds arising with respect thereto, whether or not the revenues or proceeds have accrued. Conflicting security interests shall rank according to priority in time of perfection. Transition property shall constitute property for all purposes, including for contracts securing rate reduction bonds, whether or not the revenues and proceeds arising with respect thereto have accrued.

(d) Subject to the terms of the security agreement covering the transition property and the rights of any third parties holding security interests in the transition property perfected in the manner described in this section, the validity and relative priority of a security interest created under this section are not defeated or adversely affected by the commingling of revenues arising with respect to the transition property with other funds of the electric distribution company that is the pledgor or transferor of, or the collection agent with respect to, the transition property, or by any security interest in a deposit account of that electric distribution company into which the revenues are deposited or in such revenues themselves perfected under article 9 of title 42a or otherwise. Subject to the terms of the security agreement, the pledgees of the transition property shall have a perfected security interest in all cash and deposit accounts of the electric distribution company in which revenues arising with respect to the transition property have been commingled with other funds, but the perfected security interest shall be limited to an amount not greater than the amount of the revenues with respect to the transition property received by the electric distribution company within twelve months before (1) any default under the security agreement, or (2) the institution of insolvency proceedings by or against the electric distribution company, less payments from the revenues to the pledgees during that twelve-month period.

(e) If an event of default occurs under the security agreement covering the transition property, the pledgees of the transition property, subject to the terms of the security agreement, shall have all rights and remedies of a secured party upon default under article 9 of title 42a, and shall be entitled to foreclose or otherwise enforce their security interest in the transition property, subject to the rights of any third parties holding prior security interests in the transition property perfected in the manner provided in this section. In addition, the authority may require, in the financing order creating the transition property, that, in the event of default by the electric distribution company in payment of revenues arising with respect to the transition property, the authority and any successor thereto, upon the application by the pledgees or transferees, including transferees under this section, of the transition property, and without limiting any other remedies available to the pledgees or transferees by reason of the default, shall order the sequestration and payment to the pledgees or transferees of revenues arising with respect to the transition property. Any order shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding any bankruptcy, reorganization, or other insolvency proceedings with respect to the debtor, pledgor, or transferor of the transition property. Any surplus in excess of amounts necessary to pay principal, premium, if any, interest, costs, and arrearages on the rate reduction bonds, and other costs arising under the security agreement, shall be remitted to the debtor or to the pledgor or transferor.

(f) Sections 42a-9-204 and 42a-9-205 shall apply to a pledge of transition property by an electric distribution company, an affiliate of an electric distribution company, or a financing entity.

(g) This section sets forth the terms by which a consensual security interest can be created and perfected in the transition property. Unless otherwise ordered by the authority with respect to any series of rate reduction bonds on or prior to the issuance of the series, there shall exist a statutory lien as provided in this subsection. Upon the effective date of the financing order, there shall exist a first priority lien on all transition property then existing or thereafter arising pursuant to the terms of the financing order. This lien shall arise by operation of this section automatically without any action on the part of the electric distribution company, any affiliate thereof, the financing entity, or any other person. This lien shall secure all obligations, then existing or subsequently arising, to the holders of the rate reduction bonds issued pursuant to the financing order, the trustee or representative for the holders, and any other entity specified in the financing order. The persons for whose benefit this lien is established shall, upon the occurrence of any defaults specified in the financing order, have all rights and remedies of a secured party upon default under article 9 of title 42a, and shall be entitled to foreclose or otherwise enforce this statutory lien in the transition property. This lien shall attach to the transition property regardless of who shall own, or shall subsequently be determined to own, the transition property including any electric distribution company, any affiliate thereof, the financing entity, or any other person. This lien shall be valid, perfected, and enforceable against the owner of the transition property and all third parties upon the effectiveness of the financing order without any further public notice; provided, however, that any person may, but shall not be required to, file a financing statement in accordance with subsection (b) of this section. Financing statements so filed may be “protective filings” and shall not be evidence of the ownership of the transition property. A perfected statutory lien in transition property is a continuously perfected lien in all revenues and proceeds arising with respect thereto, whether or not the revenues or proceeds have accrued. Conflicting liens shall rank according to priority in time of perfection. Transition property shall constitute property for all purposes, including for contracts securing rate reduction bonds, whether or not the revenues and proceeds arising with respect thereto have accrued. In addition, the authority may require, in the financing order creating the transition property, that, in the event of default by the electric distribution company in payment of revenues arising with respect to transition property, the authority and any successor thereto, upon the application by the beneficiaries of the statutory lien, and without limiting any other remedies available to the beneficiaries by reason of the default, shall order the sequestration and payment to the beneficiaries of revenues arising with respect to the transition property. Any order shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding any bankruptcy, reorganization, or other insolvency proceedings with respect to the debtor, pledgor, or transferor of the transition property. Any surplus in excess of amounts necessary to pay principal, premium, if any, interest, costs, and arrearages on the rate reduction bonds, and other costs arising in connection with the documents governing the rate reduction bonds, shall be remitted to the debtor or to the pledgor or transferor.

(h) A transfer of transition property by an electric distribution company to an affiliate or to a financing entity, or by an affiliate of an electric distribution company or a financing entity to another financing entity, which the parties have in the governing documentation expressly stated to be a sale or other absolute transfer, in a transaction approved in a financing order, shall be treated as an absolute transfer of all of the transferor's right, title, and interest, as in a true sale, and not as a pledge or other financing, of the transition property, in each case notwithstanding any contrary treatment of such transfer for accounting, tax, or other purposes. Granting to holders of rate reduction bonds a preferred right to revenues of the electric distribution company or the financing entity, or the provision by the company of other credit enhancement with respect to rate reduction bonds, shall not impair or negate the characterization of any transfer as a true sale, in each case notwithstanding any contrary treatment of such transfer for accounting, tax or other purposes.

(i) A transfer of transition property shall be deemed perfected as against third persons when both of the following have taken place:

(1) The authority has issued the financing order authorizing the competitive transition assessment included in the transition property.

(2) An assignment of the transition property in writing has been executed and delivered to the transferee.

(j) As between bona fide assignees of the same right for value without notice, the assignee first filing a financing statement in accordance with part 5 of article 9 of title 42a naming the assignor of the transition property as debtor and identifying the transition property has priority. In such case, the financing statement shall be filed as if the debtor were located in this state. Any description of the transition property shall be sufficient if it refers to the financing order creating the transition property. A copy of the financing statement shall be filed by the assignee or the financing entity with the authority, and the authority may require the assignor or the assignee or the financing entity to make other filings with respect to the transfer in accordance with procedures it may establish, but these filings shall not affect the perfection of the transfer.

(k) Any successor to the electric distribution company, whether pursuant to any bankruptcy, reorganization, or other insolvency proceeding, or pursuant to any merger, sale, or transfer, by operation of law, or otherwise, shall perform and satisfy all obligations of the electric distribution company pursuant to sections 16-245e to 16-245k , inclusive, in the same manner and to the same extent as the electric distribution company, including, but not limited to, collecting and paying to the holders of rate reduction bonds or their representatives or the applicable financing entity revenues arising with respect to the transition property sold to the applicable financing entity or pledged to secure rate reduction bonds.

(l) The authority of the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority to issue financing orders pursuant to sections 16-245e to 16-245k , inclusive, shall expire on December 31, 2008, with respect to bonds other than economic recovery revenue bonds. The authority of the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority to issue financing orders pursuant to sections 16-245e to 16-245k , inclusive, with respect to economic recovery revenue bonds shall expire on December 31, 2012. The expiration of such authority shall have no effect upon financing orders adopted by the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority pursuant to sections 16-245e to 16-245k , inclusive, or any transition property arising therefrom, or upon the charges authorized to be levied thereunder, or the rights, interests, and obligations of the electric distribution company or a financing entity or holders of rate reduction bonds pursuant to the financing order, or the authority of the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority to monitor, supervise, or take further action with respect to the financing order in accordance with the terms of sections 16-245e to 16-245k , inclusive, and of the financing order.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-245c — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-245c
Sec. 16-245c. Municipal electric utilities participating in deregulated environment. Authority to provide generation services outside service area.
Status: in_force

(b) No municipal electric utility established under chapter 101 shall use the transmission or distribution system or facilities of an electric distribution company, as defined in section 16-1 , for the purpose of providing electric generation services to an end use customer outside its service area, unless the municipal electric utility is authorized to do so by the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority, in which case it shall be considered a participating municipal electric utility.

(c) As of the date that a municipal electric utility is authorized to be a participating municipal electric utility, the participating municipal electric utility may provide electric generation services to customers outside of its service area. Each participating municipal electric utility shall provide open and nondiscriminatory access of all distribution facilities it owns or operates to all electric suppliers, as defined in section 16-1 , and shall allow customers within its service area to choose among electric suppliers for electric generation services in a manner comparable to all other end use customers of an electric distribution company.

(d) Each participating municipal electric utility that provides electric generation services shall be licensed by the authority as an electric supplier in accordance with section 16-245 . Notwithstanding the provisions of any municipal charter or special act to the contrary, no such license shall be granted unless, in addition to the requirements set forth in section 16-245 , the participating municipal electric utility has (1) unbundled and separated all of its generation assets and all generation-related operations and functions by (A) sale or transfer to an unrelated entity, (B) transfer on a functional basis to one or more separate divisions of the participating municipal electric utility that are structurally separate from the participating municipal electric utility's transmission and distribution assets and all related operations and functions, or (C) such other substantially equivalent measure deemed appropriate by the authority, after taking into account the size of the participating municipal electric utility and its existing structure and operations; and (2) the buyer or transferee of each such asset proves to the satisfaction of the authority that the buyer or transferee will preserve labor agreements in effect at the time of the sale or transfer.

(e) Any municipal electric utility created on or after July 1, 1998, pursuant to section 7-214 or a special act and any municipal electric utility that expands its service area on or after July 1, 1998, shall collect from its new customers the competitive transition assessment imposed pursuant to section 16-245g , the systems benefits charge imposed pursuant to section 16-245 l , three mills per kilowatt hour of electricity sold for the conservation adjustment mechanisms described in section 16-245m , and the assessments charged under section 16-245n in such manner and at such rate as the authority prescribes, provided the authority shall order the collection of said assessment and said charge in a manner and rate equal to that to which the customers would have been subject had the municipal electric utility not been created or expanded.

(f) The authority shall, within a period of time to ensure that any municipal electric utility that intends to become a participating municipal electric utility can do so in a timely manner, establish procedures by regulations adopted in accordance with chapter 54 to authorize a municipal electric utility to become a participating municipal electric utility. Such procedures shall include those measures the authority determines are necessary for the participating municipal electric utilities to function in a competitive environment.

(g) No municipal electric energy cooperative shall be allowed to be an electric supplier or to request authorization to provide electric generation services to any end use customers.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16a-38i — Connecticut Code / Title 16a / Chapter 298 / Section 16a-38i
Sec. 16a-38i. Reduction of energy use in state buildings.
Status: in_force

(b) In accordance with section 16a-37u , the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection shall (1) implement a system requiring all state agencies to use the process established by the Department of Administrative Services to annually calculate energy use, (2) establish one or more thresholds of acceptability for energy use in state buildings, and (3) (A) reduce energy use, on a cost-effective life-cycle basis and within available fiscal resources as determined by the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection, in those buildings under the care and control of the Department of Administrative Services which do not meet such thresholds, and (B) assist other agencies in reducing energy use, on a cost-effective life-cycle basis and within available fiscal resources as determined by the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection, in those buildings under their care and control which do not meet the applicable thresholds.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-244d — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-244d
Sec. 16-244d. Program for distribution of information re electric suppliers. Rate board Internet web site.
Status: in_force

(b) (1) On or before October 1, 2014, the authority shall redesign the rate board Internet web site to better enable customers to compare pricing policies and charges among electric suppliers. Such redesign shall (A) reflect the best practices of similar rate board Internet web sites in other states and the development of a process to remove an electric supplier's price listings from such Internet web site based on protocols established by the authority to ensure compliance with this chapter and to address customer complaints, and (B) emphasize (i) uniformity in how electric suppliers provide information for each category on the rate board Internet web site, (ii) ease of use by customers, and (iii) ease of selecting and purchasing a specific contract from an electric supplier shown on the rate board Internet web site.

(2) On or before July 1, 2017, and every two years thereafter, the authority shall review the rate board Internet web site and make any improvements to ensure such Internet web site remains a progressive tool for customers to compare pricing policies and charges among electric suppliers.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-9c — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 277 / Section 16-9c
Sec. 16-9c. Participation by stakeholder groups in proceedings pertaining to a gas, water, pipeline, electric distribution company or electric supplier. Compensation program. Independent evaluation of program.
Status: in_force

(1) “Compensation” means payment by any public service company that is a party to a proceeding, investigation or rulemaking before the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority, or is a party to alternative dispute resolution ordered by the authority, for all or part, as determined by the authority, of a stakeholder group's reasonable attorneys' fees, reasonable expert witness fees and other reasonable costs for preparation and participation in such proceeding before the authority.

(2) “Stakeholder group” means (A) a group of persons designated an intervenor pursuant to section 4-177a or designated a participant pursuant to section 16-1-135 of the regulations of Connecticut state agencies that applies jointly for an award of compensation under this section and represents the interests of more than one (i) residential utility customer residing in an environmental justice community, as defined in section 22a-20a , (ii) residential utility customer who is a hardship case for purposes of subdivision (3) of subsection (b) of section 16-262c , or (iii) small business customer; or (B) a nonprofit organization in the state authorized to represent the interests of (i) residential utility customers residing in an environmental justice community, as defined in section 22a-20a , (ii) residential utility customers who are hardship cases for purposes of subdivision (3) of subsection (b) of section 16-262c , or (iii) small business customers. “Stakeholder group” does not include any nonprofit or other organization whose principal interests are the welfare of a public service company or its investors or employees, or the welfare of one or more businesses or industries which receive utility service primarily for use in connection with the manufacture, sale or distribution of goods or services for profit; and does not include any state agency that participates in proceedings before the authority, including, but not limited to, the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection, the office of the Attorney General and the Office of Consumer Counsel.

(3) “Other reasonable costs” means reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the stakeholder group that are directly related to the group's preparation for or participation in the proceeding before the authority that resulted in a substantial contribution.

(4) “Proceeding” means a contested case, investigation, rulemaking or other formal proceeding before the authority, or alternative dispute resolution ordered by the authority, pertaining to a gas company, water company, pipeline company, electric distribution company or electric supplier, as such terms are defined in section 16-1 .

(5) “Significant financial hardship” means that a stakeholder group demonstrates that it is unable to afford to pay the costs of effectively participating in the proceeding, including attorneys' fees, expert witness fees and other reasonable costs.

(6) “Small business customer” means a commercial or industrial electric customer with less than a two hundred kilowatt peak load that is a “small business” under section 4-168a .

(7) “Substantial contribution” means participation by a stakeholder group in a proceeding that, in the judgment of the authority, may substantially assist the authority in making its decision or part of its decision because the authority may adopt one or more factual contentions, legal contentions or policy or procedural recommendations that the stakeholder group presents.

(b) (1) Not later than January 15, 2024, the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority shall establish a program to award compensation to eligible stakeholder groups in proceedings of the authority. Such compensation shall be limited to not more than one hundred thousand dollars for each stakeholder group, not more than three hundred thousand dollars for all stakeholder groups in an eligible proceeding and not more than one million two hundred thousand dollars total for all stakeholder groups in each calendar year.

(2) (A) Not later than March 15, 2026, the authority shall issue a request for proposals to retain a consultant with program evaluation experience to conduct an independent evaluation of the program established pursuant to subdivision (1) of this subsection, including its performance, impact and effectiveness. The authority shall determine the criteria for evaluating proposals and the deadline for responding to the request for proposals.

(B) Not later than July 15, 2026, the authority shall evaluate the bids submitted and select the bidder that shall conduct the study.

(C) Not later than January 15, 2027, the chairperson of the authority shall report, in accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a , to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to energy and technology, regarding the implementation of the program required by this subsection during the period from January 15, 2024, to July 15, 2026, inclusive. The report shall include, but need not be limited to: (i) A summary of the program's implementation, including a summary of the application process, the number of applicants received, the number of stakeholder groups who participated in proceedings, the number of stakeholder groups who were awarded funding, the number of stakeholder groups who claimed financial hardship, and the annual costs of the program, including a breakdown of costs by type of stakeholder group expense; (ii) an assessment of the impact of stakeholder groups on proceedings and their outcomes; (iii) the program evaluation by the independent consultant retained by the authority; and (iv) any recommendations regarding legislative changes to the program.

(c) A stakeholder group that seeks designation as an intervenor pursuant to section 4-177a or a participant pursuant to section 16-1-135 of the regulations of Connecticut state agencies may apply for an award of compensation in accordance with the program established pursuant to this section. At the same time or before filing its application, the stakeholder group shall serve on every party, intervenor or participant to the proceeding notice of intent to apply for an award of compensation. The authority shall determine appropriate procedures for accepting, taking comment on and responding to such applications, and may require that applicants attend educational trainings sponsored or recommended by the authority or the Office of Consumer Counsel as a condition of receiving an award of compensation. Any such trainings shall be designed to support public participation and public understanding of authority decisions and rulings, and general education and awareness regarding public service company regulation and operations, and shall include resources for the public that explain the role and function of the authority and the Office of Consumer Counsel. In its performance of duties pursuant to this subsection, the authority and the Office of Consumer Counsel may retain consultants to provide training in areas in which staff expertise does not currently exist or when necessary to supplement existing staff expertise, and may incur other reasonable costs related to stakeholder engagement and the program, provided the total costs incurred by the authority and the Office of Consumer Counsel under this subsection do not exceed one million dollars per year.

(d) Any application submitted pursuant to this section shall include:

(1) A statement of the nature and extent and the factual and legal basis of the stakeholder's planned participation, to the extent it is possible to describe such participation with reasonable specificity at the time the application is filed.

(2) A detailed budget of anticipated attorneys' and expert witness fees and other costs of preparation for and participation in the proceeding.

(3) If participation will impose a significant financial hardship and the stakeholder group seeks advance payment of an award of compensation in order to initiate, continue or complete participation in the proceeding, the stakeholder group shall include substantial evidence of significant financial hardship in its application.

(4) Any other requirements, as determined by the authority.

(e) (1) Not later than thirty days after receiving a stakeholder group's application, the authority shall decide if the stakeholder group's participation constitutes a substantial contribution. If the authority finds that such participation is a substantial contribution, the authority shall describe this substantial contribution and determine if the stakeholder group has significant financial hardship pursuant to subdivision (2) of this subsection.

(2) Notwithstanding subsection (f) of this section, if the authority finds that the stakeholder group has significant financial hardship, the authority may direct the public service company or companies subject to the proceeding to pay all or part of the expected compensation, as determined by the authority, to the stakeholder group before the end of the proceeding. If the stakeholder group discontinues its participation in the proceeding without the consent of the authority, the authority shall recover all or part of any payments made to such stakeholder and refund such payments to the public service company or companies that made the payments.

(3) Any determination by the authority to direct payment of all or part of a stakeholder group's expected compensation before the end of a proceeding pursuant to subdivision (2) of this subsection shall take into consideration the compensation paid to attorneys, expert witnesses and other persons of comparable training and experience who offer similar services as the services relevant to the stakeholder group's application and compensation.

(4) Each stakeholder group shall return any unused compensation to the authority, which the authority shall refund to the public service company or companies that provided the compensation.

(5) The authority shall require that every stakeholder group maintain an itemized record of all expenditures incurred as a result of the proceeding. The authority may use the record to verify the stakeholder group's claim of financial hardship and to determine if any unused funds remain at the completion of a proceeding.

(6) If the authority determines that two or more stakeholder groups have substantially similar interests, the authority may require such stakeholder groups to apply jointly in order to receive compensation.

(f) Any compensation shall be paid at the conclusion of the proceeding by the public service company, in a manner determined by the authority. Compensation shall be paid by all relevant public service companies in proportion to such companies' relative annual load, number of customers or revenue, as determined by the authority.

(g) The authority shall not award compensation to any stakeholder group that delays or obstructs, or attempts to delay or obstruct, the orderly and timely fulfillment of the authority's duties under this title.

(h) Nothing in this section shall be construed as restricting, diminishing or otherwise altering the provisions of section 16-2a concerning the Office of Consumer Counsel.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-27 — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 277 / Section 16-27
Sec. 16-27. Returns from public service companies. Reports from community antenna television companies. Penalty. Form 8-K reports.
Status: in_force

(b) Each community antenna television company shall, not later than April thirtieth annually, file with the authority a report on the company's operations. Such report shall be prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and shall be for a twelve-month period corresponding to the company's fiscal year.

(c) All reports under subsections (a) and (b) of this section shall be signed and sworn to by the chief executive officer, president or vice president and chief financial officer, treasurer or assistant treasurer of the company, or by a majority of the trustees or receivers making the same.

(d) Each public service company shall also file with the authority one copy of each Securities and Exchange Commission Form 8-K “Current Report” at the same time the report is filed with the commission.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-247f — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-247f
Sec. 16-247f. Regulation of telecommunication services: Initial classifications, reclassifications, tariffs, exemption from filing tariff.
Status: in_force

(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of section 16-19 , the following telecommunications services shall be deemed competitive services: (1) A telecommunications service offered on or before July 1, 1994, by a certified telecommunications provider and a wide area telephone service, “800” service, centrex service or digital centrex service offered by a telephone company, (2) a telecommunications service offered to business customers by a telephone company, (3) a home office service offered by a telephone company, and (4) a telecommunications service provided by a telephone company to a residential customer who subscribes to two or more telephone company services, including basic local exchange service, any vertical feature or interstate toll provided by a telephone company affiliate. Unless reclassified pursuant to this section, any other service offered by a telephone company on or before July 1, 1994, shall be deemed a noncompetitive service, provided such initial classification shall not be a factual finding that such service is noncompetitive. Notwithstanding subdivision (3) of subsection (c) of section 16-247b , prior to January 1, 2010, a telephone company shall not obtain a waiver from the authority of the pricing standard set forth in subdivision (1) of subsection (c) of section 16-247b for any service reclassified as competitive pursuant to subdivision (2), (3) or (4) of this subsection.

(c) On petition, on its own motion, or in conjunction with a tariff investigation conducted pursuant to subsection (f) of this section, after notice and hearing, and within ninety days of receipt of a petition or its motion or within the time period set forth in subsection (f) of this section, as applicable, the authority may reclassify a telecommunications service as competitive, emerging competitive or noncompetitive, in accordance with the degree of competition which exists for that service in the marketplace, provided (1) a competitive service shall not be reclassified as an emerging competitive service, and (2) the authority may extend the period (A) before the end of the ninety-day period and upon notifying all parties to the proceedings by thirty days, or (B) in accordance with the provisions of subsection (f) of this section, as applicable.

(d) In determining whether to reclassify a telecommunications service, the authority shall consider:

(1) The number, size and geographic distribution of certified telecommunications providers of the service, provided the authority shall not reclassify any service as competitive if such service is available only from a telephone company or an affiliate of a telephone company that is a certified telecommunications provider;

(2) The availability of functionally equivalent services in the relevant geographic area at competitive rates, terms and conditions, including, but not limited to, services offered by certified telecommunications providers, providers of commercial mobile radio services, as defined in 47 CFR 20.3, voice over Internet protocol providers and other services provided by means of alternative technologies;

(3) The existence of barriers to entry into, or exit from, the relevant market;

(4) Other factors that may affect competition; and

(5) Other factors that may affect the public interest.

(e) Except for those tariffs for services offered or provided to business retail end users for which a certified telecommunications provider or a telephone company elects to be exempt from filing or maintaining pursuant to subsection (h) of this section, each certified telecommunications provider and each telephone company shall file with the authority a new or amended tariff for each competitive or emerging competitive intrastate telecommunications service authorized pursuant to section 16-247c . A tariff for a competitive service shall be effective on five days' written notice to the authority. A tariff for an emerging competitive service shall be effective on twenty-one days' written notice to the authority. A tariff filing for a competitive or emerging competitive service shall include (1) rates and charges which may consist of a maximum rate and a minimum rate, (2) applicable terms and conditions, (3) a statement of how the tariff will benefit the public interest, and (4) any additional information required by the authority. A telephone company filing a tariff pursuant to this section shall include in said tariff filing the information set forth in subdivisions (1) to (4), inclusive, of this subsection, a complete explanation of how the company is complying with the provisions of section 16-247b and, in a tariff filing which declares a new service to be competitive or emerging competitive, a statement addressing the considerations set forth in subsection (d) of this section. If the authority approves a tariff which consists of a minimum rate and a maximum rate, the certified telecommunications provider or telephone company may amend its rates upon five days' written notice to the authority and any notice to customers which the authority may require, provided the amended rates are not greater than the approved maximum rate and not less than the approved minimum rate. A promotional offering for a previously approved competitive or emerging competitive tariffed service or a service deemed competitive pursuant to this section shall be effective on three business days' written notice to the authority.

(f) On petition or its own motion, the authority may investigate a tariff or any portion of a tariff, which investigation may include a hearing. The authority may suspend a tariff or any portion of a tariff during such investigation. The investigation may include, but is not limited to, an inquiry to determine whether the tariff is predatory, deceptive, anticompetitive or violates the pricing standard set forth in subdivision (1) of subsection (c) of section 16-247b . Not later than seventy-five days after the effective date of the tariff, unless the party filing the tariff, all statutory parties to the proceeding and the authority agree to a specific extension of time, the authority shall issue its decision, including whether to approve, modify or deny the tariff. If the authority determines that a tariff filed as a new service is, in fact, a reclassification of an existing service, the authority shall review the tariff filing as a petition for reclassification in accordance with the provisions of subsection (c) of this section.

(g) The provisions of this section shall not prohibit the authority from ordering different tariff filing procedures or effective dates for an emerging competitive service, pursuant to a plan for an alternative form of regulation of a telephone company approved by the authority in accordance with the provisions of section 16-247k .

(h) On and after July 1, 2016, any certified telecommunications provider or telephone company may, upon written notice to the authority, elect to be exempt from any requirement to file or maintain with the authority any tariff for services offered or provided to business retail end users. A certified telecommunications provider or telephone company that elects to be exempt from the requirement to file or maintain with the authority any tariff for services offered or provided to business retail end users shall make the rates, terms and conditions for such services available to business retail end users in a clear and conspicuous manner, that is apparent to the reasonable business retail end user, either (1) in a customer service guide, (2) on such certified telecommunications provider's or telephone company's Internet web site, or (3) in a contract between such business retail end user and such certified telecommunications provider or telephone company.

Specific terms of statute concerning nondiscriminatory access and pricing to all telecommunications services, functions and unbundled network elements do not prevail over general grant of authority to department, where services in question consist of pre-due-date service confirmation, expedited service, coordinated cutover service and out-of-hours service. 261 C. 1.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-8c — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 277 / Section 16-8c
Sec. 16-8c. Examination of witnesses and documents. Audits. Relationship between public service companies and subsidiaries.
Status: in_force

(b) The authority may require the audit of (1) transactions between a public service company and a related holding company or subsidiary which is not itself a public service company, and (2) transactions between a related holding company and a subsidiary of such holding company which is not itself a public service company, which transactions are of the same type as transactions between such holding company and a related public service company, to the extent necessary to ensure that such transactions do not have an adverse impact on the costs or revenues of the public service company, the rates and charges paid by the customers of the public service company or upon the quality of service of such public service company. Upon completion of any audit conducted pursuant to this section, if the authority determines that any transactions which were the subject of such audit have had an adverse impact on the costs, revenues, rates, charges or quality of service of the public service company, the authority may exercise its powers under this title with respect to the public service company to ensure that the rates, charges and quality of service of the public service company conform to the principles and guidelines set forth in section 16-19e . The authority may disallow, for rate-making purposes, the costs of the audit, after first considering the reasons for the audit and any adverse impact on the customers of the public service company.

(c) Proprietary commercial and proprietary financial information of a holding company or subsidiary provided pursuant to this section shall be confidential and protected by the authority, subject to the provisions of section 4-177 .

(d) For the purposes of this section, a subsidiary and a public service company are related if the subsidiary is owned or controlled by the public service company, a holding company thereof, a subsidiary of the public service company or holding company, or a subsidiary of such subsidiary. A holding company and a public service company are related if the public service company is owned or controlled by the holding company, a subsidiary of such holding company or a subsidiary of such subsidiary.

(e) As used in this section, (1) “holding company” means a company as defined in section 16-47 , (2) “controlled” or “control” means the possession of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a public service company, a holding company, or a subsidiary whether through the ownership of its voting securities, the ability to effect a change in the composition of its board of directors or otherwise, (3) “subsidiary” means any corporation, limited liability company, company, association, joint stock association, partnership, person or other entity which is owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by a public service company, a holding company or a subsidiary of a public service company or holding company, and (4) “transactions” means cost allocations, capital structure, provision of goods and services, transfers of assets and liabilities, loans, financings, leases and other financial obligations.

(f) Nothing in this section shall be deemed to limit any existing statutory powers of the authority with respect to public service companies, holding companies or subsidiaries.

(g) The authority may conduct joint hearings with another agency including, but not limited to, the utility regulatory agency of another state on matters of mutual cognizance and interest.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-262j — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-262j
Sec. 16-262j. Refusal of residential utility service. Regulations. Refusal of telecommunications service to a candidate or committee. Interest on customer security deposits.
Status: in_force

(b) No telephone company and no certified telecommunications provider shall refuse to provide telecommunications service to a candidate or a committee, as defined in section 9-601 , on the grounds that such candidate, such committee or the person acting on behalf of such committee has offered to pay the security deposit for such service with a credit card.

(c) Each public service company, certified telecommunications provider and electric supplier shall pay interest on any security deposit it receives from a customer at the average rate paid, as of December 30, 1992, on savings deposits by insured commercial banks as published in the Federal Reserve Board bulletin and rounded to the nearest one-tenth of one percentage point, except in no event shall the rate be less than one and one-half per cent. On and after January 1, 1994, the rate for each calendar year shall be not less than the deposit index, as determined under section 36a-26 , for such year and rounded to the nearest one-tenth of one percentage point, except in no event shall the rate be less than one and one-half per cent.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-262e — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-262e
Sec. 16-262e. Notice furnished tenants re intended termination of utility service. Assumption by tenants of liability for future service. Liability of landlords for certain utility services. Deduction from rent. Access to meters.
Status: in_force

(b) Whenever a company, electric supplier or municipal utility has terminated service to a residential dwelling whose occupants are not the individuals to whom it usually sends its bills, such company, electric supplier or municipal utility shall, upon obtaining knowledge of such occupancy, immediately reinstate service and thereafter not effect termination unless it first complies with the provisions of subsection (a) of this section.

(c) The owner, agent, lessor or manager of a residential dwelling shall be liable for the costs of all electricity, gas, water or heating fuel furnished by a public service company, electric supplier, municipal utility or heating fuel dealer to the building, except for any service furnished to any dwelling unit of the building on an individually metered or billed basis for the exclusive use of the occupants of that dwelling unit, provided an owner, agent, lessor or manager shall be liable for service provided on an individually metered or billed basis pursuant to subsection (g) of this section from ten days after the date of written request by the company, supplier, utility or dealer if the company, supplier, utility or dealer is denied access to its individual meters or other facilities located on the premises of the building. Such owner, agent, lessor or manager shall only be liable when such owner, agent, lessor or manager controls access to such individual meters to which access is denied. If service is not provided on an individually metered or billed basis and the owner, agent, lessor or manager fails to pay for such service, any occupant who receives service in his own name may deduct, in accordance with the provisions of subsection (d) of this section, a reasonable estimate of the cost of any portion of such service which is for the use of occupants of dwelling units other than such occupant's dwelling unit.

(d) Any payments made by the occupants of any residential dwelling pursuant to subsection (a) or (c) of this section shall be deemed to be in lieu of an equal amount of rent or payment for use and occupancy and each occupant shall be permitted to deduct such amounts from any sum of rent or payment for use and occupancy due and owing or to become due and owing to the owner, agent, lessor or manager.

(e) Wherever a company, electric supplier or municipal utility provides service pursuant to subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of this section, the company, electric supplier or municipal utility shall notify each occupant of such building in writing that service will be provided in the occupant's own name. Such writing shall contain a conspicuous notice in boldface type stating,

“NOTICE TO OCCUPANT. YOU MAY DEDUCT THE FULL AMOUNT YOU PAY (name of company or municipal utility) FOR (type of service) FROM THE MONEY YOU PAY YOUR LANDLORD OR HIS AGENT.”

(f) The owner, agent, lessor or manager shall not increase the amount paid by such occupant for rent or for use and occupancy in order to collect all or part of that amount lawfully deducted by the occupant pursuant to this section.

(g) The owner, agent, lessor or manager of a residential dwelling shall be responsible for providing a public service company, electric supplier or municipal utility or heating fuel dealer access to its meter or other facilities located on the premises of the residential dwelling promptly upon written request of the public service company, electric supplier or municipal utility or heating fuel dealer during reasonable hours. If such owner, agent, lessor or manager fails to provide such access upon reasonable written request, the owner, agent, lessor or manager shall be liable for the costs incurred by the public service company, electric supplier or municipal utility or heating fuel dealer in gaining access to the meter and facilities, including costs of collection and attorneys' fees. If the failure to provide access delays the ability of the public service company, electric supplier or municipal utility or heating fuel dealer to terminate service to an individually metered or billed portion of the dwelling, the owner, agent, lessor or manager failing to provide access shall also be liable for the amounts billed by the public service company, electric supplier or municipal utility or heating fuel dealer for service provided to the individually metered or billed portion of the dwelling for the period beginning ten days after access has been requested and ending when access is provided by such owner, agent, lessor or manager.

(h) Nothing in this section shall be construed to prevent the company, electric supplier, municipal utility, heating fuel dealer or occupant from pursuing any other action or remedy at law or equity that it may have against the owner, agent, lessor, or manager.

Cited. 183 C. 85; 191 C. 514; 231 C. 441; 239 C. 313.

Cited. 12 CA 499; 25 CA 226.

Subsec. (c):

The use of ratio utility billing by landlords violates Subsec. by making the tenant liable to the landlord for the costs of utilities that were not individually metered or that the tenant did not exclusively use. 349 C. 35.

Nursing home is not a “residential dwelling” within context of statute. 25 CA 177.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-262g — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-262g
Sec. 16-262g. Penalty.
Status: in_force

Cited. 183 C. 85.

Cited. 12 CA 499; 25 CA 226.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-32 — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 277 / Section 16-32
Sec. 16-32. Annual audit report.
Status: in_force

(b) In lieu of the audit and report described in subsection (a) of this section, a telephone company may elect to file with the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority the annual consolidated report on Securities and Exchange Commission Form 10-K that the parent company of the telephone company submits to said commission, provided such report includes an independently audited financial statement of the parent company. A telephone company serving more than seventy-five thousand customers shall also file with the authority unaudited financial statements regarding operations specific to the state of Connecticut.

Cited. 174 C. 556.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-244v — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-244v
Sec. 16-244v. Renewable energy sources generation. Proposals to build, own or operate facilities.
Status: in_force

(b) The company shall use the power, capacity and related products produced by such facility to meet the needs of customers served pursuant to section 16-244c .

(c) Notwithstanding the provisions of subdivision (1) of subsection (h) of section 16-244c , the amount of renewable energy produced from such facilities shall be applied to reduce the electric distribution company's Class I renewable energy source portfolio standard obligations.

(d) The department shall evaluate the proposals approved pursuant to this section and report in accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to energy whether proposals shall be accepted beyond July 1, 2013.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-246f — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-246f
Sec. 16-246f. Electric company emergency assistance.
Status: in_force

(1) “Assistance” means any aid or support provided, or any actions taken by a domestic electric company for or on behalf of another domestic electric company or by a foreign electric company for or on behalf of a domestic electric company including, without limitation, the temporary transfer or use of repair personnel and equipment;

(2) “Domestic electric company” means any electric distribution company, as defined in section 16-1 , any membership electric cooperative organized under chapter 597 and any municipal electric utility or municipal electric energy cooperative, as defined respectively in section 7-233b , which has been chartered by or organized or constituted within or under the laws of this state;

(3) “Foreign electric company” means a corporation, company, association, joint stock association or trust organized under the laws of a state other than this state, as well as a town, city, borough, or any municipal corporation, department or agency thereof, whether separately incorporated or not, of a state other than this state, authorized under the laws of the state in which organized to generate or transmit electric energy.

(b) Notwithstanding any contrary provision of any general statute or special act, or any limitation imposed by its charter, a domestic electric company shall have the power to request assistance from and provide assistance to other domestic electric companies and to foreign electric companies and to enter into agreements regarding the reimbursement of expenses and other matters and to perform such other acts as may be necessary or desirable to request and provide such assistance. A domestic electric company shall not be exempt from nor forfeit the benefits of the provisions of any applicable laws solely by requesting or providing such assistance, except as provided in this section.

(c) Notwithstanding any contrary provision of any general statute or special act, a foreign electric company shall have the right to request assistance from and provide assistance to domestic electric companies and to enter into agreements regarding the reimbursement of expenses and other matters and to perform such other acts as may be necessary or desirable to request and provide such assistance. A foreign electric company shall not constitute an “electric distribution company” or a “public service company” for the purposes of this title solely by requesting or providing assistance in this state.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-50c — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 277 / Section 16-50c
Sec. 16-50c. Notification of intent to dispose of unimproved real property. Approval or disapproval by authority. Hearing.
Status: in_force

(b) On or before January 1, 1998, and on or before January first of each year thereafter, any private, nonprofit land-holding organization may provide in writing to the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority its mailing address and a list of the municipalities in this state in which such organization may own land or any municipality adjacent to such municipalities which address is suitable for the purpose of receiving notice of the sale, lease or other disposition of water company land as provided in this section. On or before February 1, 1998, and on or before February first of each year thereafter, said authority shall publish and make available to every water company, as defined in section 16-1 , a list setting forth for the Nature Conservancy, the Trust for Public Land, the Land Trust Service Bureau and each private, nonprofit land-holding organization which has provided such information, such organization's mailing address and the municipalities in which such organization may own land and the adjacent municipalities. Such list shall be valid until January thirty-first of the following calendar year. Information contained on such list shall be carried forward on each succeeding year's list unless a change in such information, or the discontinuation of such information on such list, is requested by the entity which submitted it and any changes in, or discontinuation of, information to be incorporated in the following year's list shall be submitted to the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority on or before January first for inclusion on the list to be published on February first. Whenever, one hundred twenty days after July 1, 1998, any water company, as defined in section 16-1 , owning any contiguous area of real property containing three acres or more, intends to sell, lease or otherwise dispose of such land, or a portion thereof, such company shall, not later than ninety days prior to offering such land for sale or otherwise negotiating with or notifying any other potential purchaser, or any agent of a potential purchaser, (1) notify in writing, by certified mail, return receipt requested, the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority, the Commissioner of Public Health, the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection, any water company, as defined in section 25-32a , with an existing or potential source of supply or service area in any municipality in which such land is situated, any water company, as defined in said section 25-32a , with an existing or potential source of supply or service area in a contiguous municipality, the chief executive officer or officers of the municipality in which such land is situated, the Nature Conservancy, the Trust for Public Land, the Land Trust Service Bureau and any private, nonprofit land-holding organization set forth on the list published annually by the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority pursuant to this section which organization has indicated to the authority that it may own land in the municipality in which the land is located or in an adjacent municipality provided such notice shall inform recipients of information pertaining to the acreage and location of the land to be sold, leased, or otherwise disposed of and such notice shall state that additional information, including a map of the property, is available at the company and further provided, for any application submitted to the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority for disposition of such land within two years after such ninety-day period, no further notice shall be required, and (2) provide further public notice by causing a notice to be published in a newspaper of general circulation in the municipalities where such water company land is situated not more than forty-five days or less than thirty days before and not more than thirty days after filing an application for approval with the authority of such intention to sell, lease or otherwise dispose of such land. Such public notice shall be published in a display form that shall serve substantially to notify the public of the availability of the property and shall be published in print no smaller than ten-point type size. If a recipient of notice under this subsection enters into a contract to purchase such land, the closing on the sale shall take place not later than twelve months after the contract is entered into unless the period for closing is extended by mutual agreement of the parties to the contract. No agreement to sell, lease or otherwise dispose of such land may be entered into by such water company except as provided in this section. Any private, nonprofit land-holding organization which is considering acquiring the interest in the land which the water company intends to sell, lease or dispose of must identify itself as a potential acquirer by giving written notice to the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority and to the water company by certified mail, return receipt requested, not more than ninety days after the water company files an application for approval. The authority shall approve or disapprove the disposition of such property pursuant to subsection (a) of section 16-43 not more than one hundred fifty days after its receipt of an application for such sale, lease or other disposition pursuant to this subsection and failure to take action within such period shall be deemed to constitute approval. The authority shall hold a hearing on all such land transactions in which the acquisition cost of the parcels involved or the transfer consideration is in excess of fifty thousand dollars. The hearing shall be held in the municipality where such land is located. If such land is located in more than one municipality, the authority shall determine in which municipality the hearing shall be held. If the hearing is scheduled for more than one day or continues for more than one day, the authority may reconvene the hearing at the offices of the authority. An application shall not be filed with the authority until the Commissioner of Public Health issues a permit pursuant to section 25-32 . The municipality in which such land is situated shall be a party to all proceedings before the authority involving such land brought pursuant to sections 16-50b to 16-50e , inclusive.

(c) If, by the end of the ninety-day period for written notice under subdivision (1) of subsection (b) of this section, no recipient of such notice has entered into an agreement or option to acquire the land, the water company may offer the land for sale, lease or other disposition to any person. Any such recipient of notice, upon entering into a contract which provides for an option to acquire such land, shall pay reasonable consideration for such option with due regard for the market value of the land. Such consideration shall be applied, without interest, as a credit against the purchase price if the option is exercised. Any such consideration shall not be refundable unless the authority disapproves the disposition of such land.

Cited. 3 CA 53.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-333b — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 289 / Section 16-333b
Sec. 16-333b. Service to franchise area. Underground service lines.
Status: in_force

(b) No community antenna television company shall extend its service to any new franchise area unless such company has provided full service to the primary franchise area of the original franchise area specified in its certificate of public convenience and necessity. For purposes of this subsection, “primary franchise area” means any contiguous areas within the franchised territory, the outer limits of which shall be as near as possible to eighty residential dwelling units per mile of street or highway, and which has been so designated by the franchise holder.

(c) The Public Utilities Regulatory Authority shall permit a community antenna television company to extend service to any portion of its franchise area with a low population density and to charge prospective subscribers in that portion of its area differential rates to recover the construction and operating costs over a period not to exceed five years. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed as affecting any application for a certificate of public convenience and necessity filed in accordance with section 16-331 and pending before the authority on April 6, 1981.

(d) A community antenna television company shall install underground service lines at the same time as, and in the same place that, electric and telephone utilities install underground facilities within the franchise territory. The authority shall establish regulations in accordance with chapter 54 which may allow for the waiver of this requirement in low density areas and for a company to charge the owner of the property in which the service lines are installed for the cost of the installation.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-19fff — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 277 / Section 16-19fff
Sec. 16-19fff. Electric vehicle charging load projections.
Status: in_force

(b) Not later than January 1, 2017, and annually thereafter, each electric distribution company shall publish on such company's Internet web site a report explaining the incorporation of such company's electric vehicle charging load projections for the company's distribution planning.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-218 — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 282 / Section 16-218
Sec. 16-218. Property subsequently acquired covered by mortgage; foreclosure.
Status: in_force

Held that railroad mortgage could only be foreclosed by State Treasurer. 50 C. 159.

Cited. 28 CS 459.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-47 — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 277 / Section 16-47
Sec. 16-47. Holding companies. Approval of authority re exercise of control. Investigation and hearing. Annual reports. Injunctive relief. Exemption.
Status: in_force

(b) (1) No gas company, electric distribution company, water company, telephone company, community antenna television company, or holding company thereof, or any official, board or commission purporting to act under any governmental authority other than that of this state or of its divisions, municipal corporations or courts, shall interfere or attempt to interfere with or, directly or indirectly, exercise or attempt to exercise authority or control over any gas company, electric distribution company, water company, telephone company or community antenna television company engaged in the business of supplying service within this state, or with or over any holding company doing the principal part of its business within this state, without first making written application to and obtaining the approval of the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority, except as the United States may properly regulate actual transactions in interstate commerce.

(2) No holder of a certificate of cable franchise authority pursuant to section 16-331p , certified telecommunications provider or certified competitive video service provider, or any official, board or commission purporting to act under any governmental authority other than that of this state or of its divisions, municipal corporations or courts, shall interfere or attempt to interfere with or, directly or indirectly, exercise or attempt to exercise authority or control over any holder of a certificate of cable franchise authority pursuant to section 16-331p , certified telecommunications provider or certified competitive video service provider engaged in the business of supplying service within this state, without first making written application to and obtaining the approval of the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority, except as the United States may properly regulate actual transactions in interstate commerce or as set forth in subsection (j) of this section.

(c) (1) No corporation, association, partnership, trust or similar organization, or person, shall take any action that causes it to become a holding company with control over a gas company, electric distribution company, water company, telephone company or community antenna television company engaged in the business of supplying service within this state, or acquire, directly or indirectly, control over such a holding company, or take any action that would if successful cause it to become or to acquire control over such a holding company, without first making written application to and obtaining the approval of the authority.

(2) No corporation, association, partnership, trust or similar organization, or person, shall take any action that causes it to become a holding company with control over a holder of a certificate of cable franchise authority pursuant to section 16-331p , certified telecommunications provider or certified competitive video service provider engaged in the business of supplying service within this state, or acquire, directly or indirectly, control over such a holding company, or take any action that would if successful cause it to become or to acquire control over such a holding company, without first making written application to and obtaining the approval of the authority, except as the United States may properly regulate actual transactions in interstate commerce or as set forth in subsection (j) of this section.

(3) Any such corporation, association, partnership, trust or similar organization, or person, applying to the authority for such approval shall pay the reasonable expenses incurred by the authority in carrying out its duties under this subsection, and accordingly, shall deposit with the authority a bond, executed by a surety company authorized to do business in this state, in the amount of fifty thousand dollars, conditioned to indemnify the authority for such expenses.

(d) (1) The Public Utilities Regulatory Authority shall investigate and hold a public hearing on the question of granting its approval with respect to any application made under subdivision (1) of subsection (b) of this section or subdivision (1) of subsection (c) of this section and thereafter may approve or disapprove any such application in whole or in part and upon such terms and conditions as it deems necessary or appropriate. In connection with its investigation, the authority may request the views of the gas company, electric distribution company, water company, telephone company, community antenna television company or holding company which is the subject of the application with respect to the proposed acquisition. After the filing of an application satisfying the requirements of such regulations as the authority may adopt in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, but not later than thirty business days after the filing of such application, the authority shall give prompt notice of the public hearing to the person required to file the application and to the subject company or holding company. Such hearing shall be commenced as promptly as practicable after the filing of the application, but not later than sixty business days after the filing. The authority shall make its determination as soon as practicable, but not later than two hundred days after the filing of the application, unless the person required to file the application agrees to an extension of time or the authority extends the time as provided in this subsection. The authority may extend the time period for making its determination by not more than thirty days if, before the end of such time period, the authority notifies all parties and intervenors to the proceedings of such extension. The authority may, in its discretion, grant the subject company, certificate holder, provider or holding company the opportunity to participate in the hearing by presenting evidence and oral and written argument. If the authority fails to give notice of its determination to hold a hearing, commence the hearing, or render its determination after the hearing within the time limits specified in this subdivision, the proposed acquisition shall be deemed approved. In each proceeding on a written application submitted under said subdivision (1) of subsection (b) of this section or subdivision (1) of subsection (c) of this section, the authority shall, in a manner which treats all parties to the proceeding on an equal basis, take into consideration (1) the financial, technological and managerial suitability and responsibility of the applicant, (2) the ability of the gas company, electric distribution company, water company, telephone company, community antenna television company or holding company which is the subject of the application to provide safe, adequate and reliable service to the public through the company's plant, equipment and manner of operation if the application were to be approved, and (3) for an application concerning a telephone company, the effect of approval on the location and accessibility of management and operations and on the proportion and number of state resident employees. The authority shall only grant its approval of an application filed on or after January 1, 2021, made under subdivision (1) of subsection (c) of this section, if the holding company effects a change in the composition of the board of directors to include a proportional percentage of Connecticut-based directors equivalent to the percentage that Connecticut service areas represent of the total service areas covered by the holding company.

(2) The Public Utilities Regulatory Authority shall investigate and hold a public hearing on the question of granting its approval with respect to any application made under subdivision (2) of subsection (b) of this section or subdivision (2) of subsection (c) of this section and thereafter may approve or disapprove any such application in whole or in part and upon such terms and conditions as it deems necessary or appropriate. In connection with its investigation, the authority may request the views of the subject certificate holder, provider or holding company which is the subject of the application with respect to the proposed acquisition. After the filing of an application satisfying the requirements of such regulations as the authority may adopt in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, but not later than thirty business days after the filing of such application, the authority shall give prompt notice of the public hearing to the person required to file the application and to the subject certificate holder, provider or holding company. Such hearing shall be commenced as promptly as practicable after the filing of the application, but not later than sixty business days after the filing, and the authority shall make its determination as soon as practicable, but not later than one hundred eighty days after the filing of the application, unless the person required to file the application agrees to an extension of time or the authority extends the time as provided in this subsection. The authority may extend the time period for making its determination by not more than thirty days if, before the end of such period, the authority notifies all parties and intervenors to the proceedings of such extension. Such authority-noticed extension may only occur once. The authority shall, upon request of the certificate holder, provider or holding company, grant the subject company or holding company the opportunity to participate in the hearing by presenting evidence and oral and written argument. If the authority fails to give notice of its determination to hold a hearing, commence the hearing or render its determination after the hearing within the time limits specified in this subdivision, the proposed acquisition shall be deemed approved. In each proceeding on a written application submitted under said subdivision (2) of subsection (b) of this section or subdivision (2) of subsection (c) of this section, the scope of review for the authority shall be limited to (A) the financial, technological and managerial suitability and responsibility of the applicant, and (B) the legal, financial and technical ability of the holder of a certificate of cable franchise authority pursuant to section 16-331p , certified telecommunications provider, certified competitive video service provider or holding company which is the subject of the application to provide safe, adequate and reliable service subject to the authority's regulation.

(e) During any proceeding under subdivision (1) of subsection (b) of this section or subdivision (1) of subsection (c) of this section, the authority may order any party to such proceeding and the officers, directors, employees and agents of such party to refrain for a specific time period from communicating, directly or indirectly, with the record and beneficial owners of securities of the gas company, electric distribution company, water company, telephone company, community antenna television company or holding company which is the subject of such proceedings, in regard to the matters submitted to the authority for its approval under said subdivision (1) of subsection (b) of this section or subdivision (1) of subsection (c) of this section. If the authority issues such an order, it shall also order all other parties to the proceeding and the officers, directors, employees and agents of such parties to refrain for the same time period from communicating, directly or indirectly, with such record and beneficial owners of such securities, in regard to such matters. No order issued pursuant to this subsection shall prohibit any party from complying with disclosure and reporting obligations under any other provision of the general statutes or under federal law.

(f) Each holding company shall, not later than three months after the close of its fiscal year, annually, file with the authority a copy of its annual report to stockholders for such fiscal year. If the holding company does not print such an annual report, it shall file instead, not later than the same date, a comprehensive audit and report of its accounts and operations prepared by an independent public accounting firm approved by the authority. The provisions of this subsection shall not apply to any holding company in the form of a person.

(g) Any action contrary to the provisions of subsection (b) or (c) of this section shall be voidable on order of the authority.

(h) Whenever any corporation, association, partnership, trust or similar organization, or person, takes or engages in any action which may or would violate subsection (b) or (c) of this section or any order adopted pursuant to said subsection (b) or (c), the Superior Court, upon application of the authority or any holding company or gas company, electric distribution company, water company, telephone company, community antenna television company, holder of a certificate of cable franchise authority pursuant to section 16-331p , certified telecommunications provider or certified competitive video service provider affected by such action, may enjoin any such corporation, association, partnership, trust or similar organization, or person from continuing or doing any act in violation of said subsection (b) or (c) or may otherwise enforce compliance with said subsection (b) or (c), including, but not limited to, the reinstatement of authority or control over the gas company, electric distribution company, water company, telephone company, community antenna television company, holder of a certificate of cable franchise authority pursuant to section 16-331p , certified telecommunications provider, certified competitive video service provider or holding company to those persons who exercised authority or control over such company, certificate holder or provider before such action.

(i) The provisions of this section shall not be construed to require any person to make written application to or obtain the approval of the authority with respect to any telephone company or holding company of a telephone company over which such person exercises authority or control or operates as a holding company on June 30, 1987.

(j) Notwithstanding subsections (a) to (i), inclusive, of this section or any other provision of the general statutes, a holder of a certificate of cable franchise authority pursuant to section 16-331p , a certified telecommunications provider, a certified competitive video service provider or a holding company thereof shall not be required to make a written application to, or obtain the approval of, the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority with respect to any internal reorganization or restructuring of such certificate holder, provider or company that does not involve a change in the operational control or management of such certificate holder, provider or company.

Commission's approval of a transfer which in time might result in an allocation of water outside of franchise area upheld. 146 C. 1.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-331i — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 289 / Section 16-331i
Sec. 16-331i. State-wide Video Advisory Council. Membership. Duties. Funding.
Status: in_force

(b) The certified competitive video service provider shall provide funding to such State-wide Video Advisory Council in the amount of two thousand dollars per year.

(c) Members of the State-wide Video Advisory Council shall serve without compensation. For the purpose of this subsection, compensation shall include the receipt of any free or discounted video service.

(d) The Public Utilities Regulatory Authority shall designate the State-wide Video Advisory Council as an intervenor in any contested case proceeding before the authority involving the certified competitive video service provider it advises. Such certified competitive video service provider shall provide to the chairperson of the State-wide Video Advisory Council a copy of any report, notice or other such document it files with the authority in any applicable proceeding.

(e) A certified competitive video service provider shall, every six months, provide on bills, bill inserts or letters to subscribers, a notice indicating the name and an address of the chairperson of the State-wide Video Advisory Council and describing the responsibilities of such advisory council. The State-wide Video Advisory Council shall have an opportunity to review such notice prior to its distribution.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-262v — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-262v
Sec. 16-262v. Water company infrastructure projects: Definitions.
Status: in_force

(1) “Eligible projects” means those water company plant projects not previously included in the water company's rate base in its most recent general rate case and that are intended to improve or protect the quality and reliability of service to customers, including (A) renewal or replacement of existing infrastructure, including mains, valves, services, meters and hydrants that have either reached the end of their useful life, are worn out, are in deteriorated condition, are or will be contributing to unacceptable levels of unaccounted for water, or are negatively impacting water quality or reliability of service if not replaced; (B) main cleaning and relining projects; (C) relocation of facilities as a result of government actions, the capital costs of which are not otherwise eligible for reimbursement; (D) purchase of leak detection equipment or installation of production meters, and pressure reducing valves; (E) purchase of energy efficient equipment for water company operations; (F) capital improvements necessary to comply with flow regulations adopted pursuant to section 26-141b ; and (G) reasonable and necessary system improvements required for a water system acquisition approved by the authority.

(2) “Authority” means the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority.

(3) “Infrastructure assessment report” means a report filed by a water company with the authority that identifies water system infrastructure needs and the company's criteria for determining the priority for eligible projects related to infrastructure.

(4) “Pretax return” means the revenue necessary, after deduction of depreciation and property taxes, to produce net operating income equal to the water company's weighted cost of capital as approved by the authority in the company's most recent general rate case multiplied by the new original cost of eligible projects.

(5) “Reconciliation adjustment” means the difference between revenues actually collected through the water infrastructure and conservation adjustment and the amount allowed under the WICA for that period for the eligible projects. The amount of revenues overcollected or undercollected through the adjustment will be recovered or refunded, as appropriate, as a reconciliation adjustment over a one-year period commencing on April first.

(6) “Water company” means a water company, as defined in section 16-1 , that has filed for approval an individual infrastructure assessment report to support a request for a WICA adjustment.

(7) “Water Infrastructure and Conservation Adjustment (WICA)” means an adjustment applied as a charge or credit to a water company customers' rates to recover the WICA costs of eligible projects.

(8) “WICA costs” means the depreciation and property tax expenses and associated return on completed eligible projects.

(9) “WICA revenues” means the revenues provided through a water infrastructure and conservation adjustment for eligible projects.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-349 — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 293 / Section 16-349
Sec. 16-349. Notice of proposed excavation, discharge of explosives or demolition.
Status: in_force

See Sec. 16-356 re penalty for failure to give required notice.