Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22a-471 — Connecticut Code / Title 22a / Chapter 446k / Section 22a-471
Sec. 22a-471. Pollution of groundwaters. Orders to provide potable drinking water. Grants to municipalities. Hearing on order to abate. Appeal. Injunction. Forfeiture for violations. Orders to persons engaged in agriculture for contamination of groundwater by pesticides.
Status: in_force

(2) Any order issued pursuant to this section may require the provision of potable drinking water in such quantities as the commissioner determines are necessary for drinking and other personal and domestic uses and may require the maintenance and monitoring of potable water supply facilities for any period which the commissioner determines is necessary. In making such determinations, the commissioner shall consider the short-term and long-term needs for potable drinking water and the health and safety of those persons whose water supply is unusable. Any order may require the submission of an engineering report which shall be subject to the approval of the commissioner and the Commissioner of Public Health and include, but not be limited to, a description in detail of the problem, area and population affected by pollution of the groundwaters; the expected duration of and extent of the pollution; alternate solutions including relative cost of construction or installation, operation and maintenance; design criteria on all alternate solutions; and any other information which the commissioner deems necessary. Upon review of such report, the commissioner and the Commissioner of Public Health shall consider the nature of the pollution, the expected duration and extent of the pollution, the health and safety of the persons affected, the initial and ongoing cost-effectiveness and reliability of each alternative and any other factors which they deem relevant, and shall approve a system or method to provide potable drinking water pursuant to the order. Each order shall include a time schedule for the accomplishment of the steps leading to the provision of potable drinking water. Notwithstanding the fact that a responsible party has been or may be identified or a request for a hearing on or a pending appeal from an order issued pursuant to this section, when pollution of the groundwaters has occurred or may reasonably be expected to occur, the commissioner may prepare or arrange for the preparation of an engineering report as described in this subdivision and may provide or arrange for the provision of a long-term potable drinking water supply. In any case where the state or an agency or department of the state is responsible in whole or in part for the pollution of the groundwaters, such agency or department shall prepare or arrange for the preparation of an engineering report and shall provide or arrange for the provision of a long-term potable drinking water supply, and if the state is not the sole responsible party, the commissioner shall seek reimbursement under subdivision (4) of subsection (b) of this section for the costs of such report and for the provision of potable water. The cost of the report and of the provision of a long-term potable drinking water supply, as funds allow, shall be paid from the proceeds of any bonds authorized for the provision of potable drinking water.

(3) The provisions of this section shall not affect the rights of any municipality to institute suit to recover all damages, expenses and costs incurred by the municipality from any responsible party, including, but not limited to, the costs specified in subparagraph (B)(i) and (ii) of subdivision (4) of subsection (b) of this section and, in the case of any municipality which is not responsible for the pollution of the groundwaters, the additional amounts specified in subparagraph (B)(iii) and (iv) of subdivision (4) of subsection (b) of this section.

(4) No provision of this section shall limit the liability of any person who or municipality which renders the groundwaters unusable for potable drinking water from a suit for damages by a person who or municipality which relied on said groundwaters for potable drinking water prior to the determination by the commissioner that the groundwaters are polluted.

(5) The commissioner may issue any order pursuant to this section if the pollution of the groundwaters occurred before or after July 1, 1982.

(6) The commissioner may at any time require further action by any person to whom or municipality to which an order is issued pursuant to this section if the commissioner determines that such action is necessary to protect the health and safety of those persons whose water supply was rendered unusable.

(b) (1) (A) Any municipality not responsible for the pollution of the groundwaters that is ordered to provide potable drinking water in accordance with subsection (a) of this section may apply to the commissioner for a grant as provided by this subsection. Except as provided in subparagraph (C) of subdivision (1) of this subsection and in subdivision (2) of this subsection, the commissioner shall make grants for the short-term provision of potable drinking water and the construction or installation of individual wells or individual water treatment systems, including, but not limited to, carbon absorption filters and shall make grants for other capital improvements for the long-term provision of potable drinking water from any bond authorization established for that purpose.

(B) The amount distributed to a municipality shall, as funds allow, equal one hundred per cent of the cost of short-term provision of potable drinking water, one hundred per cent of the cost of the engineering report required by this section, one hundred per cent of the cost of capital improvements for the most cost-effective long-term method of providing potable drinking water as determined by the commissioner and the Commissioner of Public Health upon consideration of such engineering report, and one hundred per cent of the cost during the first five years of installation of monitoring and maintaining individual water treatment systems and monitoring drinking water wells located in an area where the commissioner determines that pollution of the groundwater is reasonably likely to occur. No state funds shall be distributed to a municipality for the cost of operating or maintaining any potable water supply facilities other than as specified in this subsection.

(C) Notwithstanding any provision of this subsection to the contrary, the commissioner may advance to a municipality, from the proceeds of any bonds authorized for the provision of potable drinking water, any percentage of the cost of short-term and long-term provision of potable drinking water that the commissioner deems necessary.

(2) (A) If the commissioner is unable to determine the person or municipality responsible for rendering the groundwaters unusable for potable drinking water or if the commissioner determines that the responsible persons have no assets other than land, buildings, business machinery or livestock and are unable to secure a loan at a reasonable rate of interest to provide potable drinking water, a water company that has less than ten thousand customers and that owns, maintains, operates, manages, controls or employs a water supply well that is rendered unusable for potable drinking water, may apply to the commissioner for a grant from funds established pursuant to section 22a-451 or from the proceeds of any bonds authorized for the provision of potable drinking water. If, upon review of the engineering report required by this subsection to be submitted with an application for such a grant, the commissioner determines that a grant to a water company from available appropriations or from the proceeds of any bonds authorized for the provision of potable drinking water is appropriate, the commissioner may make such a grant in accordance with regulations adopted by the commissioner pursuant to subsection (e) of this section.

(B) The total amount distributed to a water company pursuant to this subsection shall, as funds allow, equal fifty per cent of the cost of the engineering report required by this subsection and fifty per cent of the cost of the most cost-effective long-term method of rendering the water supply in question usable for potable drinking water, as determined by the commissioner and the Commissioner of Public Health upon consideration of the required engineering report.

(C) For purposes of this section, “water company” and “customer” have the same meanings as provided in section 25-32a .

(D) Any water company applying for a grant pursuant to this section shall prepare or have prepared an engineering report that shall be subject to the approval of the commissioner and the Commissioner of Public Health and include, but not be limited to, a description in detail of the problem, area and population affected by pollution of the groundwaters; alternate solutions including relative cost of construction or installation, operation and maintenance; design criteria on all alternate solutions and any other information the commissioner deems necessary.

(3) (A) If a municipality or water company receives funding from a private source, a federal grant or another state grant for any cost for which a grant may be awarded pursuant to this section, the grant under this section shall equal the specified percentage of the costs specified in this subsection minus the amount of the other funding.

(B) If a municipality or water company receives a grant under this section and is compensated by a person who or municipality that is responsible for rendering the groundwaters unusable for potable drinking water, the municipality or water company shall reimburse the account from which the funds were made available for the grant as follows: If the compensation from the responsible party equals or exceeds the costs toward which the grant was to be applied, the municipality or water company shall reimburse the total amount of the grant; if the compensation is less than the cost toward which the grant was to be applied, the municipality or water company shall reimburse a percentage of the compensation equal to the percentage of such costs paid by the grant.

(4) (A) Notwithstanding any request for a hearing or a pending appeal therefrom, if a person or municipality responsible for pollution of the groundwaters fails to comply with an order of the commissioner issued pursuant to this section, the municipality wherein such pollution is located may, after giving written notice of its intent to the commissioner and the responsible person or municipality, undertake the actions required by the order and seek reimbursement for the cost of such actions from the responsible person or municipality. If at any time after receipt of such a notice, the responsible party intends to comply with a step of the order that the municipality has not yet completed, the responsible party may do so with the written approval of the commissioner and municipality, provided the actions that the responsible party takes are consistent with those taken by the municipality.

(B) The commissioner may order any person or municipality responsible for pollution of the groundwaters to reimburse the state, a water company, and any municipality that is not responsible for pollution but received an order pursuant to this section or that did not receive such an order but voluntarily provided potable drinking water, for (i) the expenses each incurred in providing potable drinking water to any person affected by such pollution, provided the required reimbursement for such expenses shall not exceed the actual cost of short-term provision of potable drinking water and an amount equal to the reasonable cost of planning and implementing the most cost-effective long-term method of providing potable drinking water as determined by the commissioner and the Commissioner of Public Health; (ii) costs for recovering such reimbursement; (iii) interest on the expenses specified in (i) at a rate of ten per cent a year from the date such expenses were paid; and (iv) reasonable attorney's fees. The commissioner may request the Attorney General to bring a civil action to recover any costs or expenses incurred by the commissioner pursuant to this subsection provided no such action may be brought later than ten years after the date of discovery of the pollution of public or private sources of water for drinking or other personal or domestic use.

(C) If a municipality fails to recover all expenses specified in subparagraph (B)(i) of subdivision (4) of this subsection from the responsible party, the municipality may apply to the commissioner for a grant in accordance with this subsection, provided the total amount of funds received from the commissioner and the responsible party shall not exceed the amounts specified in subparagraph (B) of subdivision (1) of subsection (b) of this section.

(5) For purposes of this section except subdivision (3) of subsection (a) and subparagraph (B)(ii) of subdivision (4) of this subsection, “cost” includes only those costs that the commissioner determines are necessary and reasonable, including, but not limited to, the cost of plans and specifications, construction or installation and supervision thereof.

(6) If any grant application is pending on June 7, 1994, and is approved by the commissioner, the percentage of costs to be paid by the grant shall be determined in accordance with this section. Any order pending on May 31, 1985, shall be construed in accordance with this section.

(7) Any person who or municipality that provides potable drinking water pursuant to this section may, with the approval of the commissioner, construct or install facilities beyond the areas included in the order or facilities that are more costly than those that are determined to be most cost-effective, provided any request for a grant or reimbursement shall be limited to the amounts specified in this section.

(8) Notwithstanding any provision of this section and the cost-sharing formula established in section 22a-471-1 of the Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies, for any area of a municipality that is adjacent to a federal Superfund site where there is a water line extension component to such project and the federal government is providing fire flow capacity while such water is groundwater supplied by a municipal water company, the minimum size water main required to address pollution may be upgraded in order to carry fire flow and the municipality shall only be responsible to pay the incremental project cost.

(9) Notwithstanding any provision of this section and the cost-sharing formula established in section 22a-471-1 of the regulations of Connecticut state agencies, for any area of a municipality that is adjacent to a site listed on the State of Connecticut Superfund Priority List where a water line extension component to such project has been installed by a municipal or private water company, the minimum size water main required to address pollution may be upgraded in order to carry fire flow or address public water supply needs that are consistent with an adopted municipal plan of conservation and development and the municipality shall only be responsible to pay the incremental project cost, which may be funded by such water company, another person or available local, state or federal funds.

(c) Any order issued under the provisions of this section shall be subject to the rights of any aggrieved person or municipality to a hearing before the commissioner as provided in section 22a-436 , and appeal from the final determination of the commissioner to the Superior Court as provided in section 22a-437 . The request for a hearing or pending appeal therefrom shall not constitute a condition which shall stay the commissioner from requesting that an injunction under the provisions of section 22a-6 or 22a-435 , or a civil action to recover a forfeiture under the provisions of section 22a-438 , be initiated by the Attorney General. The court shall issue an injunction requiring the recipient of the order to take the steps required by the order for short-term and long-term provision of potable drinking water unless such court determines that the issuance of the order was arbitrary. Notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes, a court shall not grant a stay from any order issued pursuant to this section on the grounds that an administrative appeal is pending. If it is thereafter determined by the Superior Court as the result of an appeal under the provisions of section 22a-437 that the commissioner acted arbitrarily, unreasonably or contrary to law in requiring a person or municipality to comply with an order the commissioner shall reimburse the person or municipality for the total costs which have been incurred from the funds established under section 22a-446 .

(d) The commissioner shall not issue an order to any person pursuant to this section if the sole basis for the order is that such person is the owner of the land from which the source of pollution or potential source of pollution emanates.

(e) The commissioner may, in accordance with chapter 54, adopt such regulations as the commissioner deems necessary to carry out the provisions of this section, and shall adopt regulations for the provision of grants pursuant to this section which shall include criteria for eligibility for funds.

(f) (1) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a) of this section, if the commissioner determines that a person whose actions have caused or can reasonably be expected to cause pollution of the groundwaters by the application of a pesticide (A) has properly applied the pesticide or arranged for a pesticide application which was properly performed, (B) was engaged in agriculture at the time the pesticide was applied and used the pesticide solely in the production of agricultural commodities, (C) has agreed to implement the plans specified in subdivision (2) of this subsection, and (D) maintained the records of the application of the pesticide as required by section 22a-58 and the records and plan identified in section 22a-471a , the commissioner shall not issue an order under subsection (a) of this section to the person engaged in agriculture, but may issue an order under said subsection (a) to another responsible person, including, but not limited to, the producer of the pesticide, requiring the short-term and long-term provision of potable drinking water in accordance with said subsection (a). The commissioner shall not issue an order under said subsection (a) to a person engaged in agriculture who did not maintain the records identified under section 22a-471a if said commissioner finds such records are not relevant to a determination of the party responsible for pollution of the groundwaters. If the commissioner is unable to determine the responsible person, the commissioner may issue such order to the municipality wherein groundwaters unusable for potable drinking water are located.

(2) If the commissioner determines that a person engaged in agriculture has caused or can reasonably be expected to cause pollution of the groundwaters by pesticides, the commissioner may cause such person to submit to the commissioner and, upon approval by the commissioner, implement a plan to minimize the potential for groundwater contamination from the storage, handling and disposal of pesticides at the locations where such person engaged in agriculture.

(3) For the purposes of this subsection, a pesticide is properly applied if at the time of the application the pesticide was licensed by or registered with the state and federal government and was applied in a manner consistent with (A) the labeling of the pesticide, as defined in section 22a-47 , (B) applicable state and federal statutes and regulations at the time of the application, (C) any approvals or recommendations of the federal, state or local government, including any limitations, warnings or conditions of such approvals or recommendations, and (D) generally accepted agricultural management practices at the time of application, considering any special geological, hydrological or soil conditions of which the farmer was aware or reasonably should have been aware.

(4) Any municipality which receives an order pursuant to subdivision (1) of this subsection shall be eligible for a grant from the state in accordance with subparagraph (1) of subsection (b) of this section.

(5) The provisions of this subsection shall apply to pollution of the groundwaters by pesticides discovered on or after May 26, 1988. All orders issued pursuant to this section by the commissioner prior to May 26, 1988, shall remain in effect unless the orders are otherwise revoked, amended or modified by said commissioner.

(6) Nothing in this subsection, section 22a-471a or section 22a-471b shall affect or limit any right of action of an individual against any person engaged in agriculture for injury to person or property resulting from the use of a pesticide.

(7) For purposes of this subsection, “pesticide” has the same meaning as provided in section 22a-47 .
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22a-2 — Connecticut Code / Title 22a / Chapter 439 / Section 22a-2
Sec. 22a-2. Definitions. Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection. Permitted delegations of authority.
Status: in_force

(b) As used in this chapter, and chapters 263, 268, 348, 360, 440, 446d, 446i, 446k, 447, 448, 449, 452, 462, 474, 476, 477, 478, 479, 490 and 495, except where otherwise provided, “person” means any individual, firm, partnership, association, syndicate, company, trust, corporation, nonstock corporation, limited liability company, municipality, agency or political or administrative subdivision of the state, or other legal entity of any kind.

See Sec. 7-136h re preliminary review of municipal petitions, applications or permit requests.

Cited. 204 C. 38; Id., 212; 226 C. 737.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22a-117 — Connecticut Code / Title 22a / Chapter 445 / Section 22a-117
Sec. 22a-117. Construction or modification of hazardous waste facility. When certificate required. Transfer of certificate. Polychlorinated biphenyls.
Status: in_force

(b) Sections 22a-114 to 22a-130 , inclusive, shall apply to the construction of any hazardous waste facility except existing facilities and to the construction or modification of any hazardous waste facility except: (1) Any facility whose primary business is not disposal, treatment or recovery of hazardous waste but which treats or recovers hazardous waste on site as an integral part of an industrial process as determined by the commissioner; (2) any facility approved by the commissioner designed and operated by or for municipalities pursuant to their obligations under section 22a-220 to provide for solid waste disposal; (3) any facility used only for the short-term storage of hazardous waste; and (4) any facility requiring a permit pursuant to section 22a-454 which the council determines, after consultation with the commissioner, does not pose a significant threat to public safety, human health or the environment.

(c) No certificate may be transferred without the approval of the permanent members of the council. Any transferee shall comply with the terms, limitations and conditions contained in the certificate. The permanent members of the Siting Council shall not approve any such transfer if they find that such transfer was contemplated at or prior to the time the certificate was issued and such fact was not adequately disclosed during the certification proceeding, or if they find that the transferee lacks the financial, technical or management capabilities to comply fully with the terms, limitations or conditions of the certificate.

(d) A certificate may be amended as provided in this chapter.

(e) Any application for a permit to store or dispose of polychlorinated biphenyls, for a fee or other consideration, pursuant to sections 22a-454 and 22a-467 , pending as of May 28, 1981, or filed prior to July 1, 1981, shall not be acted on by the commissioner but shall be transferred on July 1, 1981, to the council.

(f) The storage or disposal for a fee or other consideration, in excess of the amount stored or disposed of in the normal operation of any facility as of May 28, 1981, is prohibited until regulations concerning the storage or disposal of polychlorinated biphenyls are adopted by the commissioner and such regulations are exempted from preemption by the United States Environmental Protection Agency pursuant to the federal Toxic Substance Control Act of 1976, (15 USC 2601 et seq.). This subsection prohibits and otherwise regulates the manner and method of disposal of polychlorinated biphenyls within the meaning of said federal act. Upon adoption of such regulations and exemption from preemption by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, the storage or disposal of polychlorinated biphenyls for a fee or other consideration shall not be allowed except in accordance with a certificate of public safety and necessity issued under the provisions of this chapter.

Cited. 207 C. 706.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22a-601 — Connecticut Code / Title 22a / Chapter 446l / Section 22a-601
Sec. 22a-601. Connecticut Emergency Response Commission established. Members. Duties.
Status: in_force

(b) The commission shall implement the provisions of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act and shall designate local planning districts. The commission shall establish a local emergency planning committee for each local planning district. Each committee shall include, at a minimum, representatives from each of the following categories: State and local elected officials; law enforcement, fire-fighting, civil defense, public health, local environmental, hospital and transportation personnel; members of the broadcast and print media; members of community groups; and owners and operators of facilities subject to the requirements of section 22a-607 . The members of each committee shall be appointed by the commission, provided each municipality located within a committee's local planning district shall be represented by at least one member of the committee. The boundaries of the districts and membership may be revised by the commission as it deems necessary.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22a-6h — Connecticut Code / Title 22a / Chapter 439 / Section 22a-6h
Sec. 22a-6h. Notice of tentative determination re permit application. Request for hearing on federal Water Pollution Control Act application.
Status: in_force

(b) For the purposes of this section, “application” means a request for a license or renewal thereof or for any permit or modification of a license or permit or renewal thereof if the modification is sought by the licensee.

(c) Notwithstanding any other provision of this title or any regulation adopted pursuant to this title, the following applications are exempt from the provisions of subsection (a) of this section: (1) An application for a minor permit modification for sources permitted under Title V of the federal Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 in accordance with 40 CFR 70.7; or (2) an application for a minor permit modification or revision if the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection has adopted regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, establishing criteria to delineate applications for minor permit modifications or revisions from those applications subject to the requirements of subsection (a) of this section.

(d) Not later than thirty days after the date on which the commissioner publishes or causes to be published notice of the commissioner's tentative determination regarding an application under Section 401 of the federal Water Pollution Control Act, 33 USC 466, such applicant may submit a written request to the commissioner to conduct a hearing on such application in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54. The commissioner shall grant any such request provided such request is submitted in writing and filed in a timely manner. Any person that is aggrieved by the commissioner's final decision on such application may appeal such decision to the Superior Court, in accordance with section 4-183 .
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22a-134d — Connecticut Code / Title 22a / Chapter 445 / Section 22a-134d
Sec. 22a-134d. Penalty.
Status: in_force

Cited. 27 CA 353; 43 CA 113.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22a-127 — Connecticut Code / Title 22a / Chapter 445 / Section 22a-127
Sec. 22a-127. Local project review committee. Technical assistance for review of application.
Status: in_force

(b) Upon filing of an application with the council, the applicant shall deposit with the council a sum determined by the council but not exceeding fifty thousand dollars to be disbursed by the council to the local project review committee for the sole use of obtaining technical and professional assistance for such committee's review of the proposed hazardous waste facility. Such assistance may include environmental, scientific, economic, financial and legal assistance.

Cited. 207 C. 706.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22-308a — Connecticut Code / Title 22 / Chapter 433 / Section 22-308a
Sec. 22-308a. Livestock importation while under quarantine. Prohibition. Importation of livestock with infectious or contagious disease. Prohibition. Importation permit. Requirement for livestock. Certificate of veterinary inspection. Exemption.
Status: in_force

(b) No person shall import, or cause to be imported, into this state any livestock that is infected with, or has been exposed to, any infectious or contagious disease including, but not limited to, tuberculosis, brucellosis, anaplasmosis, psoroptic scabies, chronic wasting disease, bovine spongiform encephalopathy, hog cholera, pseudorabies, rabies or scrapie.

(c) No person shall import, or cause to be imported, into this state any livestock unless an import permit issued pursuant to section 22-308 is obtained and each animal is accompanied by a certificate of veterinary inspection issued by an accredited veterinarian certifying that each animal has been inspected, is not showing signs of infectious or contagious diseases, and has been tested in accordance with the requirements of this chapter.

(d) Livestock imported into this state for movement directly to slaughter at a facility under a grant of inspection from the United States Department of Agriculture, or approved by the commissioner, are exempt from subsection (c) of this section provided such livestock are accompanied by the owner-shipper statement required pursuant to subsection (d) of section 22-308 . No such livestock shall be sold or transferred live to any person, firm or corporation.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22-415a — Connecticut Code / Title 22 / Chapter 438a / Section 22-415a
Sec. 22-415a. Equine infectious anemia: Definitions.
Status: in_force

(1) “Commissioner” means the Commissioner of Agriculture;

(2) “Equine” means any member of the equine family which includes horses, ponies, mules, asses, donkeys and zebras;

(3) “Equine infectious anemia” means a disease of equines caused by an infectious virus which may be spread by blood-sucking insects, unsterile surgical instruments and community use of equipment that may produce cuts or abrasions and which may cause an equine to test positive to an official test;

(4) “Licensed veterinarian” means a veterinarian who is licensed pursuant to the provisions of chapter 384;

(5) “Official test” means a serological test for equine infectious anemia that is (A) approved by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service of the United States Department of Agriculture, (B) conducted in a laboratory approved by the Commissioner of Agriculture, and (C) administered by a licensed veterinarian, state veterinarian, or full-time employee with the state Department of Agriculture;

(6) “Reactor” means an equine whose blood serum reacts positively to an official test for equine infectious anemia;

(7) “Freeze-brand” means a metal brand which produces a permanent mark with a configuration of 16A that is three inches in height and is applied to the left neck or shoulder area of any equine that is positive to the equine infectious anemia test in such a manner that the brand is obvious and not obscured by a mane;

(8) “Isolation” means no biological contact with another equine;

(9) “Coggins test” means an official test for equine infectious anemia.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22-111b — Connecticut Code / Title 22 / Chapter 427a / Section 22-111b
Sec. 22-111b. Definitions.
Status: repealed

(1) “Fertilizer” means any substance containing one or more recognized plant nutrients, which is used for its plant nutrient content and which is designed for use or claimed to have value in promoting plant growth. Fertilizer does not include unmanipulated animal and vegetable manures, marl, lime, limestone, wood, ash and other products exempted by regulations adopted by the commissioner pursuant to section 22-111j .

(2) “Fertilizer material” means a fertilizer which: (A) Contains important quantities of not more than one of the primary plant nutrients nitrogen, phosphate or potash, or (B) has not less than eighty-five per cent of its plant nutrient content present in the form of a single chemical compound, or (C) is derived from a plant or animal residue, by-product or natural material deposit which has been processed in a manner that results in its content of plant nutrients not having been materially changed, except by purification and concentration.

(3) “Mixed fertilizer” means a fertilizer containing any combination or mixture of fertilizer materials.

(4) “Specialty fertilizer” means a fertilizer distributed for nonfarm use.

(5) “Bulk fertilizer” means a fertilizer distributed in a nonpackaged form.

(6) “Brand” means a term, design or trademark used in connection with one or more grades of fertilizer.

(7) “Guaranteed analysis” means the minimum percentage of plant nutrients claimed in the following order and form:

(A) Total Nitrogen (N) ................................................................................... per cent

(B) Available Phosphate (P 2 O 5 )...................................................................... per cent

(C) Soluble Potash (K 2 O) .............................................................................. per cent

(8) “Grade” means the percentage of total nitrogen, available phosphate and soluble potash, stated in whole numbers in the same terms, order and percentages as in the guaranteed analysis.

(9) “Official sample” means any sample of fertilizer taken by the commissioner or the commissioner's duly authorized agent and designated as such by the commissioner.

(10) “Ton” means a net weight of two thousand pounds avoirdupois.

(11) “Primary nutrient” means total nitrogen, available phosphate or soluble potash.

(12) “Per cent” or “percentage” means percentage by weight.

(13) “Person” means an individual, partnership, association, firm, corporation, limited liability company or other entity.

(14) “Distribute” means to import or consign or to offer for sale, sell, barter or otherwise supply fertilizer to any person in this state.

(15) “Distributor” means any person who distributes fertilizer.

(16) “Registrant” means a person who registers fertilizer pursuant to public act 09-229*.

(17) “Label” means the display of all written, printed or graphic matter on a fertilizer container or a written statement accompanying a fertilizer.

(18) “Labeling” means all written, printed or graphic matter upon or accompanying any fertilizer, or advertisements, brochures, posters, television or radio announcements and Internet web site content used in promoting the sale of any fertilizer.

(19) “Investigational allowance” means an allowance for variations inherent in the taking, preparation and analysis of an official sample of fertilizer.

(20) “Deficiency” means the amount of nutrient found by analysis that is less than the guaranteed analysis.

(21) “Blender” means any person or system engaged in the business of blending fertilizer through the use of mobile or fixed equipment.

(22) “Blending” means the physical mixing or combining of the following to produce a uniform mixture: (A) One or more fertilizer materials and one or more filler materials, (B) two or more fertilizer materials, or (C) two or more fertilizer materials and filler materials, including mixing through the simultaneous or sequential application of any combination of materials listed in this subsection.

(23) “Application” means the process of placement or usage of fertilizer onto a targeted growing area.

(24) “Director” means the director of the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station.

(25) “Commissioner” means the Commissioner of Agriculture.

*Note: Public act 09-229 is entitled “An Act Concerning Milk Producers, Milk and Milk Products, Agricultural Not-For-Profit Organizations and the Modernization of Connecticut Fertilizer Law”. (See Reference Table captioned “Public Acts of 2009” in Volume 16 which lists the sections amended, created or repealed by the act.)
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22a-367 — Connecticut Code / Title 22a / Chapter 446i / Section 22a-367
Sec. 22a-367. Definitions.
Status: in_force

(1) “Commissioner” means the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection;

(2) “Diversion” means any activity which causes, allows or results in the withdrawal from or the alteration, modification or diminution of the instantaneous flow of the waters of the state;

(3) “Divert” means to engage in any act of diversion;

(4) “Instantaneous flow” means the volume of water that would occur in waters at a given point at any given moment;

(5) “Interbasin transfer” means any transfer of waters for use from one subregional drainage basin to another. Subregional drainage basins are those basins delineated on a map compiled by the Connecticut Geological and Natural History Survey and entitled “Natural Drainage Basins in Connecticut, 1981”, as amended;

(6) “Municipality” means any metropolitan district, town, consolidated town and city, consolidated town and borough, city, borough, village, fire and sewer district, sewer district and any municipal organization authorized to levy and collect taxes or make charges;

(7) “Person” means any individual, partnership, association, firm, limited liability company, corporation or other entity, except a municipality, and includes the federal government, the state or an instrumentality of the state, and any officer or governing or managing body of a partnership, association, firm or corporation or any member or manager of a limited liability company;

(8) “Regional drainage basins” means those basins delineated on a map compiled by the Connecticut geological and natural history survey and entitled “Natural Drainage Basins in Connecticut, 1981”, as amended;

(9) “Waters” means all tidal waters, harbors, estuaries, rivers, brooks, watercourses, waterways, wells, springs, lakes, ponds, marshes, drainage systems and all other surface or underground streams, bodies or accumulations of water, natural or artificial, public or private, which are contained within, flow through or border upon this state or any portion thereof.

Cited. 28 CA 674.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22a-133p — Connecticut Code / Title 22a / Chapter 445 / Section 22a-133p
Sec. 22a-133p. Environmental use restrictions: Enforcement of environmental land use restriction, notice of activity and use limitation, statutes and regulations.
Status: in_force

(b) The commissioner may issue orders pursuant to sections 22a-6 and 22a-7 to enforce an environmental land use restriction, a notice of activity and use limitation or the provisions of sections 22a-133n to 22a-133q , inclusive, and regulations adopted pursuant to said sections.

(c) In any administrative or civil proceeding instituted by the commissioner to enforce an environmental land use restriction, a notice of activity and use limitation or the provisions of sections 22a-133n to 22a-133q , inclusive, and regulations adopted pursuant to said sections, any other person may intervene as a matter of right.

(d) In any civil or administrative action to enforce an environmental land use restriction, a notice of activity and use limitation or the provisions of sections 22a-133n to 22a-133q , inclusive, and regulations adopted thereunder, the owner of the subject land, and any lessee thereof, shall be strictly liable for any violation of such restriction, limitation or the provisions of sections 22a-133n to 22a-133q , inclusive, and regulations adopted pursuant to said sections and shall be jointly and severally liable for abating such violation.

(e) Any owner of land with respect to which an environmental land use restriction or a notice of activity and use limitation applies, and any lessee of such land, who violates any provision of such restriction or limitation or violates the provisions of sections 22a-133n to 22a-133q , inclusive, and regulations adopted pursuant to said sections shall be assessed a civil penalty under section 22a-438 . The penalty provided in this subsection shall be in addition to any injunctive or other equitable relief.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22-26mm — Connecticut Code / Title 22 / Chapter 422a / Section 22-26mm
Sec. 22-26mm. Municipal loan program. Account. Regulations.
Status: in_force

(b) There is established an account to be known as the “municipal purchasing of agricultural land account” which shall be a separate, nonlapsing account within the General Fund. The account may contain any moneys required by law to be deposited in the account. Moneys in the account shall be expended by the Commissioner of Agriculture for the purposes of providing municipalities with loans for the purchase of agricultural lands in accordance with subsection (a) of this section.

(c) The Commissioner of Agriculture may adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, setting forth the criteria for loans granted under this section, and the terms governing such loans.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22a-226 — Connecticut Code / Title 22a / Chapter 446d / Section 22a-226
Sec. 22a-226. Civil penalty.
Status: in_force

(b) If any person violates any provision of this chapter or any regulation, permit or order adopted or issued under this chapter, the commissioner may request the Attorney General to bring an action in the superior court for the judicial district of Hartford to enjoin such person from such violation and to order remedial measures to prevent, control or abate pollution. If two or more persons are responsible for a violation of any provision of this chapter or any regulation, permit or order adopted or issued under this chapter, such persons shall be jointly and severally liable under this subsection.

(c) Any action brought by the Attorney General pursuant to this section shall have precedence in the order of trial as provided in section 52-191 .

Cited. 215 C. 82; 227 C. 175.

Cited. 19 CA 216. Section is civil in nature and applicable sanctions serve predominately remedial and compensatory interests. 71 CA 1.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22a-430 — Connecticut Code / Title 22a / Chapter 446k / Section 22a-430
Sec. 22a-430. (Formerly Sec. 25-54i). Permit for new discharge. Regulations. Renewal. Special category permits or approvals. Limited delegation. General permits.
Status: in_force

(b) The commissioner, at least thirty days before approving or denying a permit application for a discharge, shall publish once in a newspaper having a substantial circulation in the affected area notice of (1) the name of the applicant; (2) the location, volume, frequency and nature of the discharge; (3) the tentative decision on the application, and (4) additional information the commissioner deems necessary to comply with the federal Clean Water Act (33 USC 1251 et seq.). There shall be a comment period following the public notice during which period interested persons and municipalities may submit written comments. After the comment period, the commissioner shall make a final determination either that (A) such discharge would not cause pollution of any of the waters of the state, in which case he shall issue a permit for such discharge, or (B) after giving due regard to any proposed system to treat the discharge, that such discharge would cause pollution of any of the waters of the state, in which case he shall deny the application and notify the applicant of such denial and the reasons therefor, or (C) the proposed system to treat such discharge will protect the waters of the state from pollution, in which case he shall, except as provided pursuant to subsection (j) of this section, require the applicant to submit plans and specifications and such other information as he may require and shall impose such additional conditions as may be required to protect such water, and if the commissioner finds that the proposed system to treat the discharge, as described by the plans and specifications or such other information as may be required by the commissioner pursuant to subsection (j) of this section, will protect the waters of the state from pollution, he shall notify the applicant of his approval and, when such applicant has installed such system, in full compliance with the approval thereof, the commissioner shall issue a permit for such discharge, or (D) the proposed system to treat such discharge, as described by the plans and specifications, will not protect the waters of the state, in which case he shall promptly notify the applicant that its application is denied and the reasons therefor. No permit shall be issued for an alternative on-site sewage treatment system, as defined in the Public Health Code, in a drinking water supply watershed unless the commissioner determines that (i) such system is the only feasible solution to an existing pollution problem and that the proposed system capacity does not exceed the capacity of the failed on-site system, or (ii) such system is for the expansion of an existing municipal or public school project or for new construction of a municipal or public school project on an existing municipal or public school site, in a municipality in which a majority of the land is located within a drinking water supply watershed. The commissioner shall, by regulations adopted in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, establish procedures, criteria and standards as appropriate for determining if (I) a discharge would cause pollution to the waters of the state, and (II) a treatment system is adequate to protect the waters of the state from pollution. Such procedures, criteria and standards may include schedules of activities, prohibitions of practices, operating and maintenance procedures, management practices and other measures to prevent or reduce pollution of the waters of the state, provided the commissioner in adopting such procedures, criteria and standards shall consider best management practices. The regulations shall specify the circumstances under which procedures, criteria and standards for activities other than treatment will be required. For the purposes of this section, “best management practices” means those practices which reduce the discharge of waste into the waters of the state and which have been determined by the commissioner to be acceptable based on, but not limited to, technical, economic and institutional feasibility. Any applicant, or in the case of a permit issued pursuant to the federal Water Pollution Control Act, any person or municipality, who is aggrieved by a decision of the commissioner where an application has not been given a public hearing shall have the right to a hearing and an appeal therefrom in the same manner as provided in sections 22a-436 and 22a-437 . Any applicant, or in the case of a permit issued pursuant to the federal Water Pollution Control Act, any person or municipality, who is aggrieved by a decision of the commissioner where an application has been given a public hearing shall have the right to appeal as provided in section 22a-437 . The commissioner may, by regulation, exempt certain categories, types or sizes of discharge from the requirement for notice prior to approving or denying the application if such category, type or size of discharge is not likely to cause substantial pollution. The commissioner may hold a public hearing prior to approving or denying any application if in his discretion the public interest will be best served thereby, and he shall hold a hearing upon receipt of a petition signed by at least twenty-five persons. Notice of such hearing shall be published at least thirty days before the hearing in a newspaper having a substantial circulation in the area affected.

(c) The permits issued pursuant to this section shall be for a period not to exceed five years, except that any such permit shall be subject to the provisions of section 22a-431 . Such permits: (1) Shall specify the manner, nature and volume of discharge; (2) shall require proper operation and maintenance of any pollution abatement facility required by such permit; (3) may be renewable for periods not to exceed five years each in accordance with procedures and requirements established by the commissioner; and (4) shall be subject to such other requirements and restrictions as the commissioner deems necessary to comply fully with the purposes of this chapter, the federal Water Pollution Control Act and the federal Safe Drinking Water Act. An application for a renewal of a permit which expires after January 1, 1985, shall be filed with the commissioner at least one hundred eighty days before the expiration of such permit. The commissioner, at least thirty days before approving or denying an application for renewal of a permit, shall publish once in a newspaper having substantial circulation in the area affected, notice of (A) the name of the applicant; (B) the location, volume, frequency and nature of the discharge; (C) the tentative decision on the application; and (D) such additional information the commissioner deems necessary to comply with the federal Clean Water Act (33 USC 1251 et seq.). There shall be a comment period following the public notice during which period interested persons and municipalities may submit written comments. After the comment period, the commissioner shall make a final determination that (i) continuance of the existing discharge would not cause pollution of the waters of the state, in which case he shall renew the permit for such discharge, (ii) continuance of the existing system to treat the discharge would protect the waters of the state from pollution, in which case he shall renew a permit for such discharge, (iii) the continuance of the existing system to treat the discharge, even with modifications, would not protect the waters of the state from pollution, in which case he shall promptly notify the applicant that its application is denied and the reasons therefor, or (iv) modification of the existing system or installation of a new system would protect the waters of the state from pollution, in which case he shall renew the permit for such discharge. Such renewed permit may include a schedule for the completion of the modification or installation to allow additional time for compliance with the final effluent limitations in the renewed permit provided (I) continuance of the activity producing the discharge is in the public interest; (II) the interim effluent limitations in the renewed permit are no less stringent than the effluent limitations in the previous permit; and (III) the schedule would not be inconsistent with the federal Water Pollution Control Act. No permit shall be renewed unless the commissioner determines that the treatment system adequately protects the waters of the state from pollution. Any applicant, or in the case of a permit issued pursuant to the federal Water Pollution Control Act, any person or municipality, who is aggrieved by a decision of the commissioner where an application for a renewal has not been given a public hearing shall have the right to a hearing and an appeal therefrom in the same manner as provided in sections 22a-436 and 22a-437 . Any applicant, or in the case of a permit issued pursuant to the federal Water Pollution Control Act, any person or municipality, who is aggrieved by a decision of the commissioner where an application for a renewal has been given a public hearing shall have the right to appeal as provided in section 22a-437 . Any category, type or size of discharge that is exempt from the requirement of notice pursuant to subsection (b) of this section for the approval or denial of a permit shall be exempt from notice for approval or denial of a renewal of such permit. The commissioner may hold a public hearing prior to approving or denying an application for a renewal if in his discretion the public interest will be best served thereby, and he shall hold a hearing upon receipt of a petition signed by at least twenty-five persons. Notice of such hearing shall be published at least thirty days before the hearing in a newspaper having a substantial circulation in the area affected.

(d) If the commissioner finds that any person or municipality has initiated, created or originated or is maintaining any discharge into the waters of the state without a permit as required in subsection (a) of this section, or in violation of such a permit, the commissioner may issue an order to abate pollution which shall include a time schedule for the accomplishment of the necessary steps leading to the abatement of such pollution, or notwithstanding any request for a hearing pursuant to section 22a-436 or the pendency of an appeal therefrom, the commissioner may request the Attorney General to bring an action in the superior court for the judicial district of Hartford (1) to enjoin such discharge by such person or municipality until the person or municipality has received a permit from the commissioner or has complied with a permit which the commissioner has issued pursuant to this section, or (2) for injunctive relief to remediate the effects of such discharge. Any such action brought by the Attorney General shall have precedence in the order of trial as provided in section 52-191 .

(e) When the commissioner determines that any person or municipality has complied with an order issued pursuant to section 22a-428 , 22a-431 or 22a-432 , he may issue a permit which shall thereafter be deemed equivalent to a permit issued under subsection (b) of this section, provided a public hearing shall not be required prior to issuing such permit unless required by the federal Water Pollution Control Act and the federal Safe Drinking Water Act.

(f) The commissioner may, by regulation, establish and define categories of discharges, including but not limited to, residential swimming pools, small community sewerage systems, household and small commercial disposal systems and clean water discharges, for which he may delegate authority to any other state agency, water pollution control authority, municipal building official or municipal or district director of health to issue permits or approvals in accordance with this section or to issue orders pursuant to sections 22a-428 , 22a-431 , 22a-432 and 22a-436 . In establishing such categories the commissioner shall consider (1) whether each discharge in such category, because of size and character, is likely to cause significant pollution to the waters of the state; (2) whether knowledge and training concerning disposal systems for each discharge in such category is within the expertise of such agency, authority, official or director; (3) whether the source of each discharge in such category is likely to be within the jurisdiction of such agency, authority, official or director for other matters. The commissioner shall establish, by regulation, minimum requirements for disposal systems for discharges in such categories. Any permit denied or order issued by any such agency, authority, official or director shall be subject to hearing and appeal in the manner provided in sections 22a-436 and 22a-437 , provided such agency, authority, official or director has been duly delegated authority by the commissioner pursuant to this subsection. Any permit granted by any such agency, authority, official or director to which the commissioner has delegated authority pursuant to this subsection shall thereafter be deemed equivalent to a permit issued under subsection (b) of this section.

(g) The commissioner shall, by regulation adopted prior to October 1, 1977, establish and define categories of discharges that constitute household and small commercial subsurface sewage disposal systems for which the commissioner shall delegate to the Commissioner of Public Health the authority to issue permits or approvals and to hold public hearings in accordance with this section, on and after said date. Not later than July 1, 2025, the commissioner shall amend such regulations to establish and define categories of discharges that constitute small community sewerage systems and household and small commercial subsurface sewage disposal systems. The Commissioner of Public Health shall, pursuant to section 19a-36 , establish minimum requirements for small community sewerage systems and household and small commercial subsurface sewage disposal systems and procedures for the issuance of such permits or approvals by the local director of health or an environmental health specialist registered pursuant to chapter 395. As used in this subsection, small community sewerage systems and household and small commercial disposal systems shall include those subsurface sewage disposal systems with a capacity of ten thousand gallons per day or less. Notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes (1) the regulations adopted by the commissioner pursuant to this subsection that are in effect as of July 1, 2017, shall apply to household and small commercial subsurface sewage disposal systems with a capacity of seven thousand five hundred gallons per day or less, and (2) the regulations adopted by the commissioner pursuant to this subsection that are in effect as of July 1, 2025, shall apply to small community sewerage systems, household systems and small commercial subsurface sewerage disposal systems with a capacity of ten thousand gallons per day or less. Any permit denied by the Commissioner of Public Health, or a director of health or registered environmental health specialist shall be subject to hearing and appeal in the manner provided in section 19a-229 . Any permit granted by the Commissioner of Public Health, or a director of health or registered environmental health specialist on or after October 1, 1977, shall be deemed equivalent to a permit issued under subsection (b) of this section.

(h) Each person holding a permit to discharge into the waters of the state shall pay an annual fee of twenty-five per cent more than the fee established by regulations in effect on July 1, 1990. The commissioner may adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, to prescribe the amount of the fees required pursuant to this section. Upon the adoption of such regulations, the fees required by this section shall be as prescribed in such regulations.

(i) (1) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (c) of this section, the commissioner may issue a permit for a discharge to waters of the state from any solid waste disposal area, as defined in section 22a-207 , or from any subsurface sewage disposal system for a period not to exceed thirty years, and for any other discharge for a period not to exceed ten years, provided such permit is not inconsistent with the federal Water Pollution Control Act. Any permit issued pursuant to this subsection shall be subject to the provisions of section 22a-431 . For the purpose of this subsection, “subsurface sewage disposal system” means a system consisting of a house or collection sewer, a septic tank followed by a leaching system, any necessary pumps or siphons and any groundwater control system on which the operation of the leaching system is dependent.

(2) Permits for the categories of discharge for which ten-year and thirty-year permits may be issued pursuant to subdivision (1) of this subsection which are in effect on October 1, 1996, shall not expire until five years or twenty-five years, respectively, after the expiration date stated in the permit, provided such extension is not inconsistent with the federal Water Pollution Control Act and further provided no such permit may be valid for a period greater than thirty years and further provided, the commissioner may, no earlier than two hundred seventy days before the expiration date stated in the permit, send notice to the permittee that an application for permit renewal must be submitted not later than one hundred eighty days prior to the expiration date stated in the permit. If a timely and sufficient application for renewal is submitted within such time, the permit shall be continued in accordance with subsection (b) of section 4-182 . If a timely and sufficient application is not submitted within such time, the permit shall expire unless such permit is extended pursuant to section 22a-6j . Nothing in this section shall affect the commissioner's authority to take action under this chapter, including but not limited to, issuance of orders under section 22a-431 .

(j) (1) The commissioner may exempt persons who or municipalities which apply for permits for the following discharges from the requirement to submit plans and specifications under subsection (b) of this section:

(A) A discharge from a new treatment or disposal system which system is substantially the same as a system that the applicant is operating in compliance with a permit for said system issued by the commissioner;

(B) The discharge is described in a general permit issued by the commissioner pursuant to section 22a-430b ;

(C) The discharge is from a system, the purpose of which, as determined by the commissioner, is not to treat any toxic or hazardous substances; or

(D) The discharge is exempt from public notice under subsection (b) of this section and regulations adopted thereunder.

(2) The commissioner shall adopt regulations not later than February 1, 2015, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, to establish other categories of discharges which may be exempted from the requirement to submit plans and specifications under subsection (b) of this section. Such regulations may include, but not be limited to, the following: (A) Minimum standards for the design and operation of treatment systems for such discharges; and (B) requirements for submission of information concerning such discharges.

(k) The commissioner shall not deny a permit under this section if the basis for such denial is a determination by the commissioner that the proposed activity for which application has been made is inconsistent with the state plan of conservation and development adopted under part I of chapter 297.

See Sec. 22a-27i re exemption of municipality for one year.

See Secs. 22a-208 l and 22a-208o re wood-burning facilities.

Annotation to former section 25-54i:

Cited. 183 C. 532.

Annotations to present section:

Cited. 192 C. 591; 226 C. 205; 227 C. 175; 233 C. 486; 234 C. 488.

Cited. 19 CA 216; 21 CA 91; 41 CA 120.

Subsec. (a):

Cited. 218 C. 821. In finding violation under section, trial court can reasonably infer violations from the evidence before it. 275 C. 420.

Subsec. (d):

When trial court has found in an action brought under Subsec. that defendant has caused pollution of the waters of the state, the court is required to order remediation of the pollution pursuant to remediation standard regulations, but has discretion, derived from its equitable powers and consistent with the statutory scheme, to fashion a remedy that takes into account various relevant considerations. 319 C. 80.

Subsec. (f):

Department may delegate authority to water pollution control authorities to issue permits for all types of discharges that involve sewer connections. 262 C. 84. There is no administrative remedy under Subsec. to review alleged failure of defendant to act at all in response to plaintiff's application. 265 C. 114.

Subsec. (g):

Applies only to septic system permits, not sewer permits. 262 C. 84.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22a-135 — Connecticut Code / Title 22a / Chapter 446 / Section 22a-135
Sec. 22a-135. (Formerly Sec. 19-408a). Duties of Department of Energy and Environmental Protection re nuclear energy and radiation. Fees. Reporting of nuclear incidents. Posting of planned radiation releases.
Status: in_force

(b) In addition to the reporting required of a licensee pursuant to the provisions of subdivision (3) of subsection (a) of this section, the department may require the reporting immediately or within such time period as the department may designate of any additional occurrence, incident or other abnormal circumstance which is not required to be reported within twenty-four hours or sooner to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The department shall adopt regulations, in accordance with chapter 54, to carry out the provisions of this subsection.

(c) Licensees shall post on their web sites all plans for routine and continuous releases of radiation to the atmosphere, including dates, times and fissile materials, as soon as such releases are scheduled.

See Sec. 22a-27i re exemption of municipality for one year.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22a-208i — Connecticut Code / Title 22a / Chapter 446d / Section 22a-208i
Sec. 22a-208i. Composting of leaves or leaves with grass clippings. Regulations. Certain recycling facilities exempt from requirement of permit for solid waste facility.
Status: in_force

(b) The commissioner may, by regulations adopted in accordance with chapter 54, exempt categories or classes of recycling facilities from the requirements of said section 22a-208a or 22a-430 provided such exemption would not adversely affect the environment and would advance the objectives of the solid waste management plan adopted and revised under sections 22a-228 and 22a-241a and the municipal solid waste recycling plan adopted under section 22a-241 . No person or municipality may operate or continue to operate a recycling facility without permits issued under said section 22a-208a or 22a-430 unless such person or municipality first files with the commissioner a written request for exemption under the regulations adopted under this section.

(c) The provisions of subsection (a) of this section exempting facilities composting leaves or composting leaves with the addition of grass clippings and the provisions of subsection (b) of this section exempting recycling facilities from the requirements of section 22a-208a shall not be construed to relieve such facilities from the obligation to comply with any other provision of this chapter or chapter 446e, including, but not limited to, operational requirements and other applicable requirements of regulations adopted under section 22a-209 .
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22a-625a — Connecticut Code / Title 22a / Chapter 446m / Section 22a-625a
Sec. 22a-625a. Mercury thermostat collection and recycling programs established by manufacturers.
Status: in_force

(1) “Department” means the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection;

(2) “Manufacturer” means any person who sells, sold, offers for sale, offered for sale, distributes or distributed a mercury thermostat in this state under a brand or label owned by such person or licensed to such person;

(3) “Mercury thermostat” means any thermostat intended for installation in a residential, commercial or industrial building that uses a mercury switch to sense and control room temperature through communication with heating, ventilating or air conditioning equipment. “Mercury thermostat” does not include any thermostat used to sense and control temperature as part of a manufacturing process;

(4) “Retailer” means any person who sells thermostats of any kind directly to homeowners or other nonprofessionals through any selling or distribution mechanism;

(5) “Wholesaler” means any person who is engaged in the distribution and wholesale sale of thermostats and other heating, ventilation and air conditioning components to contractors who install heating, ventilation and air conditioning components;

(6) “Contractor” means any person engaged in the business of installing, servicing or removing thermostats and other heating, ventilation and air conditioning components; and

(7) “Qualified contractor” means any contractor who employs seven or more service technicians or installers or who is located in an area outside of an urban area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau.

(b) Not later than April 1, 2013, each manufacturer shall, individually or collectively: (1) Establish a mercury thermostat collection and recycling program to collect, transport and properly manage any out-of-service mercury thermostat received at any participating collection site in this state; (2) make a collection container available to any wholesaler, retailer, qualified contractor or municipality that participates as a collection site in such mercury thermostat collection and recycling program and requests such a container; (3) include with each collection container provided to any wholesaler, retailer, qualified contractor or municipality information regarding the proper management of mercury thermostats as universal waste; (4) charge no fee or other charge to any person that participates in such collection and recycling program, except that such manufacturer may charge each wholesaler, retailer, qualified contractor and municipality that participates in such manufacturer's mercury thermostat collection and recycling program and that receives one or more collection containers a one-time program administration fee of not greater than seventy-five dollars; (5) for the period of April 1, 2013, to April 1, 2016, inclusive, conduct educational and outreach efforts concerning such mercury thermostat collection and recycling program, including, but not limited to: (A) Promoting the availability of collection containers to wholesalers, retailers, qualified contractors and municipalities in the state; (B) educating contractors and homeowners on (i) the importance of properly managing out-of-service mercury thermostats, (ii) the opportunities for the collection and recycling of such thermostats, and (iii) the availability of manufacturer mercury thermostat collection and recycling programs; (C) providing signs to participating collection sites to prominently post information for contractors and consumers concerning the collection and recycling of out-of-service mercury thermostats; and (D) supplying written materials, for reproduction by participating wholesalers and retailers, that may be provided to customers at the time of purchase or delivery of a thermostat and that include information on the importance of properly managing out-of-service mercury thermostats and the opportunities for the collection and recycling of such thermostats; and (6) beginning April 1, 2014, and annually thereafter, submit a report to the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection that includes the following information: (A) The number of mercury thermostats collected and recycled by such manufacturer pursuant to such mercury thermostat collection and recycling program during the previous calendar year; (B) a self-evaluation of the effectiveness of such manufacturer's mercury thermostat collection and recycling program that is certified to be substantially accurate by a competent third party who is acceptable to the commissioner; (C) an accounting of the administrative costs incurred by such manufacturer in the course of administering such mercury thermostat collection and recycling program during the previous calendar year; and (D) a list of wholesalers, retailers, qualified contractors and municipalities that requested collection containers from such manufacturer during the previous calendar year.

(c) On and after July 1, 2014, any wholesaler or qualified contractor shall be deemed to be in compliance with the provisions of this section if such wholesaler or contractor participates as a collection site in a manufacturer's mercury thermostat collection and recycling program, as described in subsection (b) of this section, or by collecting mercury thermostats and managing the disposal of such mercury thermostats in accordance with any applicable federal and state universal waste rules. Any wholesaler or retailer that participates as a collection site pursuant to a manufacturer's mercury thermostat collection and recycling program shall post visible signs at such wholesaler's or retailer's location concerning the collection and recycling of mercury thermostats.

(d) On and after July 1, 2014: (1) Any manufacturer who fails to comply with the provisions of subsection (b) of this section shall not sell, offer for sale or distribute any thermostat in this state; (2) any wholesaler or qualified contractor who fails to participate as a collection site in a manufacturer's mercury thermostat collection and recycling program shall not sell, offer for sale or distribute any thermostat in this state; and (3) no wholesaler or qualified contractor shall sell, offer for sale or distribute any thermostat in this state from any manufacturer who is not in compliance with the provisions of subsection (b) of this section.

(e) On and after July 1, 2014, no person shall dispose of a mercury thermostat in the commercial or municipal waste stream or in any manner other than the recycling of such mercury thermostat or the disposing of such mercury thermostat as hazardous waste. On and after July 1, 2014: (1) Any contractor who replaces a mercury thermostat from a building shall recycle such mercury thermostat or deliver such mercury thermostat to a wholesaler, retailer or municipality that participates as a collection site for the collection and recycling of such mercury thermostats; (2) any contractor who demolishes a building shall remove all mercury thermostats from such building prior to demolition and shall recycle such mercury thermostats or deliver such mercury thermostats to a wholesaler, retailer, qualified contractor or municipality that participates as a collection site for the collection and recycling of such mercury thermostats; and (3) any person who replaces a mercury thermostat from any location in this state that is a part of any energy efficiency or weatherization program supported or administered, in whole or in part, by any department, agency, instrumentality or political subdivision of the state, or conducted as a result of any statutory requirement shall deliver such mercury thermostat to any wholesaler, retailer, qualified contractor or municipality that participates as a collection site for the recycling of such mercury thermostats. The Department of Energy and Environmental Protection may enforce the provisions of this subsection.

(f) (1) On and after April 1, 2014, the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection shall maintain and post on the department's Internet web site a list of wholesalers, retailers, qualified contractors and municipalities that are collection sites for out-of-service mercury thermostats.

(2) Not later than January 1, 2017, the department, in accordance with section 11-4a , shall submit a report to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to the environment concerning the effectiveness of the manufacturer mercury thermostat collection and recycling programs established pursuant to this section. Such report shall be based, in part, on the reports submitted by manufacturers to the department pursuant to subsection (b) of this section and shall include recommendations for any revisions to such programs, including, but not limited to, any necessary statutory revisions and any recommendations concerning the repeal of such programs.

(g) Nothing in this section shall be construed to require the participation of any municipality in any manufacturer's mercury thermostat collection and recycling program.

(h) No owner or operator of any solid waste disposal facility shall be found to be in violation of the provisions of this section, provided such owner or operator: (1) Makes a good-faith and consistent effort to comply with the provisions of this section; (2) posts, in a conspicuous location at such facility, a sign stating that mercury thermostats are not accepted at such facility; and (3) notifies, in writing, all collectors registered to deposit solid waste at such facility that mercury thermostats are not accepted at such facility.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22-332d — Connecticut Code / Title 22 / Chapter 435 / Section 22-332d
Sec. 22-332d. Impoundment and disposition of certain cats. Authority to spay or neuter unclaimed cat.
Status: in_force

(b) If such cat is not claimed by and released to the owner within seven days after the date of publication, the municipal animal control officer, upon finding such cat to be in satisfactory health, may have a licensed veterinarian spay or neuter any such cat and sell such cat to any person who satisfies such officer that he is purchasing it as a pet and that he can give it a good home and proper care. The municipal animal control officer may retain possession of such cat for such additional period of time as he may deem advisable in order to place such cat as a pet and may have a licensed veterinarian spay or neuter such cat. If, within such period, any cat is not claimed by and released to the owner or keeper or purchased as a pet, the officer shall cause such cat to be mercifully killed by a licensed veterinarian or disposed of as the State Veterinarian may direct. No person who so destroys a cat shall be held criminally or civilly liable therefor nor shall any licensed veterinarian who spays or neuters a cat pursuant to this section be held civilly liable, including, but not limited to, liability for reconstructive neutical implantation surgery.

(c) Any cat captured or impounded under the provisions of subsection (a) of this section shall be redeemed by the owner or keeper thereof, or the agent of such owner or keeper, upon proper identification, and presentation to the municipal animal control officer of a license, tag or other means of identification for such cat, and upon the payment by such owner or keeper or his agent of (1) the redemption fee established by the municipality, which shall not exceed fifteen dollars, and (2) the cost of advertising incurred under the provisions of subsection (a) of this section. When the owner or keeper of any such impounded cat fails to redeem such cat within twenty-four hours after receiving notification to do so, or, where the owner was unknown, within twenty-four hours after notification was effected by means of publication in a newspaper, such owner or keeper shall pay, in addition to such redemption fee and the cost of advertising, the amount determined by the municipality to be the full cost of detention and care of such impounded cat. In addition, any owner or keeper of any such impounded cat who fails to redeem such cat within one hundred twenty hours after receiving notification to do so shall have committed an infraction. The legislative body of the municipality shall set any fees imposed by the municipality under this section.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22a-92 — Connecticut Code / Title 22a / Chapter 444 / Section 22a-92
Sec. 22a-92. Legislative goals and policies.
Status: in_force

(1) To ensure that the development, preservation or use of the land and water resources of the coastal area proceeds in a manner consistent with the rights of private property owners and the capability of the land and water resources to support development, preservation or use without significantly disrupting either the natural environment or sound economic growth;

(2) To preserve and enhance coastal resources in accordance with the policies established by chapters 439, 440, 446i, 446k, 447, 474 and 477;

(3) To give high priority and preference to uses and facilities which are dependent upon proximity to the water or the shorelands immediately adjacent to marine and tidal waters;

(4) To resolve conflicts between competing uses on the shorelands adjacent to marine and tidal waters by giving preference to uses that minimize adverse impacts on natural coastal resources while providing long term and stable economic benefits;

(5) To consider in the planning process the potential impact of a rise in sea level, coastal flooding and erosion patterns on coastal development so as to minimize damage to and destruction of life and property and minimize the necessity of public expenditure and shoreline armoring to protect future new development from such hazards;

(6) To encourage public access to the waters of Long Island Sound by expansion, development and effective utilization of state-owned recreational facilities within the coastal area that are consistent with sound resource conservation procedures and constitutionally protected rights of private property owners;

(7) To conduct, sponsor and assist research in coastal matters to improve the data base upon which coastal land and water use decisions are made;

(8) To coordinate the activities of public agencies to ensure that state expenditures enhance development while affording maximum protection to natural coastal resources and processes in a manner consistent with the state plan of conservation and development adopted pursuant to part I of chapter 297;

(9) To coordinate planning and regulatory activities of public agencies at all levels of government to ensure maximum protection of coastal resources while minimizing conflicts and disruption of economic development; and

(10) To ensure that the state and the coastal municipalities provide adequate planning for facilities and resources which are in the national interest as defined in section 22a-93 and to ensure that any restrictions or exclusions of such facilities or uses are reasonable. Reasonable grounds for the restriction or exclusion of a facility or use in the national interest shall include a finding that such a facility or use: (A) May reasonably be sited outside the coastal boundary; (B) fails to meet any applicable federal and state environmental, health or safety standard; or (C) unreasonably restricts physical or visual access to coastal waters. This policy does not exempt any nonfederal facility in use from any applicable state or local regulatory or permit program nor does it exempt any federal facility or use from the federal consistency requirements of Section 307 of the federal Coastal Zone Management Act.

(b) In addition to the policies stated in subsection (a) of this section, the following policies are established for federal, state and municipal agencies in carrying out their responsibilities under this chapter:

(1) Policies concerning development, facilities and uses within the coastal boundary are: (A) To manage uses in the coastal boundary through existing municipal planning, zoning and other local regulatory authorities and through existing state structures, dredging, wetlands, and other state siting and regulatory authorities, giving highest priority and preference to water-dependent uses and facilities in shorefront areas; (B) to locate and phase sewer and water lines so as to encourage concentrated development in areas which are suitable for development; and to disapprove extension of sewer and water services into developed and undeveloped beaches, barrier beaches and tidal wetlands except that, when necessary to abate existing sources of pollution, sewers that will accommodate existing uses with limited excess capacity may be used; (C) to promote, through existing state and local planning, development, promotional and regulatory authorities, the development, reuse or redevelopment of existing urban and commercial fishing ports giving highest priority and preference to water dependent uses, including but not limited to commercial and recreational fishing and boating uses; to disallow uses which unreasonably congest navigation channels, or unreasonably preclude boating support facilities elsewhere in a port or harbor; and to minimize the risk of oil and chemical spills at port facilities; (D) to require that structures in tidal wetlands and coastal waters be designed, constructed and maintained to minimize adverse impacts on coastal resources, circulation and sedimentation patterns, water quality, and flooding and erosion, to reduce to the maximum extent practicable the use of fill, and to reduce conflicts with the riparian rights of adjacent landowners; (E) to disallow the siting within the coastal boundary of new tank farms and other new fuel and chemical storage facilities which can reasonably be located inland and to require any new storage tanks which must be located within the coastal boundary to abut existing storage tanks or to be located in urban industrial areas and to be adequately protected against floods and spills; (F) to make use of rehabilitation, upgrading and improvement of existing transportation facilities as the primary means of meeting transportation needs in the coastal area; (G) to encourage increased recreational boating use of coastal waters, where feasible, by (i) providing additional berthing space in existing harbors, (ii) limiting non-water-dependent land uses that preclude boating support facilities, (iii) increasing state-owned launching facilities, and (iv) providing for new boating facilities in natural harbors, new protected water areas and in areas dredged from dry land; (H) to protect coastal resources by requiring, where feasible, that such boating uses and facilities (i) minimize disruption or degradation of natural coastal resources, (ii) utilize existing altered, developed or redevelopment areas, (iii) are located to assure optimal distribution of state-owned facilities to the state-wide boating public, and (iv) utilize ramps and dry storage rather than slips in environmentally sensitive areas; (I) to protect and where feasible, upgrade facilities serving the commercial fishing and recreational boating industries; to maintain existing authorized commercial fishing and recreational boating harbor space unless the demand for these facilities no longer exists or adequate space has been provided; to design and locate, where feasible, proposed recreational boating facilities in a manner which does not interfere with the needs of the commercial fishing industry; (J) to require reasonable mitigation measures where development would adversely impact historical, archaeological, or paleontological resources that have been designated by the state historic preservation officer; and (K) to encourage the cooperative use of confined aquatic disposal cells for dredged material in appropriate circumstances.

(2) Policies concerning coastal land and water resources within the coastal boundary are: (A) To manage coastal bluffs and escarpments so as to preserve their slope and toe; to discourage uses which do not permit continued natural rates of erosion and to disapprove uses that accelerate slope erosion and alter essential patterns and supply of sediments to the littoral transport system; (B) to manage rocky shorefronts so as to ensure that development proceeds in a manner which does not irreparably reduce the capability of the system to support a healthy intertidal biological community; to provide feeding grounds and refuge for shorebirds and finfish, and to dissipate and absorb storm and wave energies; (C) to preserve the dynamic form and integrity of natural beach systems in order to provide critical wildlife habitats, a reservoir for sand supply, a buffer for coastal flooding and erosion, and valuable recreational opportunities; to ensure that coastal uses are compatible with the capabilities of the system and do not unreasonably interfere with natural processes of erosion and sedimentation, and to encourage the restoration and enhancement of disturbed or modified beach systems; (D) to manage intertidal flats so as to preserve their value as a nutrient source and reservoir, a healthy shellfish habitat and a valuable feeding area for invertebrates, fish and shorebirds; to encourage the restoration and enhancement of degraded intertidal flats; to allow coastal uses that minimize change in the natural current flows, depth, slope, sedimentation, and nutrient storage functions and to disallow uses that substantially accelerate erosion or lead to significant despoliation of tidal flats; (E) to preserve tidal wetlands and to prevent the despoliation and destruction thereof in order to maintain their vital natural functions; to encourage the rehabilitation and restoration of degraded tidal wetlands and where feasible and environmentally acceptable, to encourage the creation of wetlands for the purposes of shellfish and finfish management, habitat creation and dredge spoil disposal; (F) to manage coastal hazard areas so as to ensure that development proceeds in such a manner that hazards to life and property are minimized and to promote nonstructural solutions to flood and erosion problems except in those instances where structural alternatives prove unavoidable and necessary to protect commercial and residential structures and substantial appurtenances that are attached or integral thereto, constructed as of January 1, 1995, infrastructural facilities or water dependent uses; (G) to promote, through existing state and local planning, development, promotional and regulatory programs, the use of existing developed shorefront areas for marine-related uses, including but not limited to, commercial and recreational fishing, boating and other water-dependent commercial, industrial and recreational uses; (H) to manage undeveloped islands in order to promote their use as critical habitats for those bird, plant and animal species which are indigenous to such islands or which are increasingly rare on the mainland; to maintain the value of undeveloped islands as a major source of recreational open space; and to disallow uses which will have significant adverse impacts on islands or their resource components; (I) to regulate shoreland use and development in a manner which minimizes adverse impacts upon adjacent coastal systems and resources; and (J) to maintain the natural relationship between eroding and depositional coastal landforms and to minimize the adverse impacts of erosion and sedimentation on coastal land uses through the promotion of nonstructural mitigation measures. Structural solutions are permissible when necessary and unavoidable for the protection of infrastructural facilities, cemetery or burial grounds, water-dependent uses, or commercial and residential structures and substantial appurtenances that are attached or integral thereto, constructed as of January 1, 1995, and where there is no feasible, less environmentally damaging alternative and where all reasonable mitigation measures and techniques have been provided to minimize adverse environmental impacts.

(c) In addition to the policies stated in subsections (a) and (b), the following policies are established for federal and state agencies in carrying out their responsibilities under this chapter:

(1) Policies concerning development, facilities and uses within the coastal boundary are: (A) To minimize the risk of spillage of petroleum products and hazardous substances, to provide effective containment and cleanup facilities for accidental spills and to disallow offshore oil receiving systems that have the potential to cause catastrophic oil spills in the Long Island Sound estuary; (B) to disallow any filling of tidal wetlands and nearshore, offshore and intertidal waters for the purpose of creating new land from existing wetlands and coastal waters which would otherwise be undevelopable, unless it is found that the adverse impacts on coastal resources are minimal; (C) to initiate in cooperation with the federal government and the continuing legislative committee on state planning and development a long-range planning program for the continued maintenance and enhancement of federally maintained navigation facilities in order to effectively and efficiently plan and provide for environmentally sound dredging and disposal of dredged materials; to encourage, through the state permitting program for dredging activities, the maintenance and enhancement of existing federally maintained navigation channels, basins and anchorages and to discourage the dredging of new federally maintained navigation channels, basins and anchorages; (D) to reduce the need for future dredging by requiring that new or expanded navigation channels, basins and anchorages take advantage of existing or authorized water depths, circulation and siltation patterns and the best available technologies for reducing controllable sedimentation; (E) to disallow new dredging in tidal wetlands except where no feasible alternative exists and where adverse impacts to coastal resources are minimal; (F) to require that new or improved shoreline rail corridors be designed and constructed so as (i) to prevent tidal and circulation restrictions and, when practicable, to eliminate any such existing restrictions, (ii) to improve or have a negligible adverse effect on coastal access and recreation and (iii) to enhance or not unreasonably impair the visual quality of the shoreline; (G) to require that coastal highways and highway improvements, including bridges, be designed and constructed so as to minimize adverse impacts on coastal resources; to require that coastal highway and highway improvements give full consideration to mass transportation alternatives and to require that coastal highways and highway improvements where possible enhance, but in no case decrease coastal access and recreational opportunities; (H) to disallow the construction of major new airports and to discourage the substantial expansion of existing airports within the coastal boundary; to require that any expansion or improvement of existing airports minimize adverse impacts on coastal resources, recreation or access; (I) to manage the state's fisheries in order to promote the economic benefits of commercial and recreational fishing, enhance recreational fishing opportunities, optimize the yield of all species, prevent the depletion or extinction of indigenous species, maintain and enhance the productivity of natural estuarine resources and preserve healthy fisheries resources for future generations; (J) to make effective use of state-owned coastal recreational facilities in order to expand coastal recreational opportunities including the development or redevelopment of existing state-owned facilities where feasible; (K) to require as a condition in permitting new coastal structures, including but not limited to, groins, jetties or breakwaters, that access to, or along, the public beach below mean high water must not be unreasonably impaired by such structures and to encourage the removal of illegal structures below mean high water which unreasonably obstruct passage along the public beach; and (L) to promote the revitalization of inner city urban harbors and waterfronts by encouraging appropriate reuse of historically developed shorefronts, which may include minimized alteration of an existing shorefront in order to achieve a significant net public benefit, provided (i) such shorefront site is permanently devoted to a water dependent use or a water dependent public use such as public access or recreation for the general public and the ownership of any filled lands remain with the state or an instrumentality thereof in order to secure public use and benefit in perpetuity, (ii) landward development of the site is constrained by highways, railroads or other significant infrastructure facilities, (iii) no other feasible, less environmentally damaging alternatives exist, (iv) the adverse impacts to coastal resources of any shorefront alteration are minimized and compensation in the form of resource restoration is provided to mitigate any remaining adverse impacts, and (v) such reuse is consistent with the appropriate municipal coastal program or municipal plan of development.

(2) Policies concerning coastal land and other resources within the coastal boundary are: (A) To manage estuarine embayments so as to ensure that coastal uses proceed in a manner that assures sustained biological productivity, the maintenance of healthy marine populations and the maintenance of essential patterns of circulation, drainage and basin configuration; to protect, enhance and allow natural restoration of eelgrass flats except in special limited cases, notably shellfish management, where the benefits accrued through alteration of the flat may outweigh the long-term benefits to marine biota, waterfowl, and commercial and recreational finfisheries and (B) to maintain, enhance, or, where feasible, restore natural patterns of water circulation and fresh and saltwater exchange in the placement or replacement of culverts, tide gates or other drainage or flood control structures.

(d) In addition to the policies in this section, the policies of the state plan of conservation and development adopted pursuant to part I of chapter 297 shall be applied to the area within the coastal boundary in accordance with the requirements of section 16a-31 .

(e) For the purposes of this section, “feasible, less environmentally damaging alternative” includes, but is not limited to, relocation of an inhabited structure to a landward location, elevation of an inhabited structure, restoration or creation of a dune or vegetated slope, or living shorelines techniques utilizing a variety of structural and organic materials, such as tidal wetland plants, submerged aquatic vegetation, coir fiber logs, sand fill and stone to provide shoreline protection and maintain or restore costal resources and habitat; and “reasonable mitigation measures and techniques” includes, but is not limited to, provisions for upland migration of on-site tidal wetlands, replenishment of the littoral system and the public beach with suitable sediment at a frequency and rate equivalent to the sediment removed from the site as a result of the proposed structural solution, or on-site or off-site removal of existing shoreline flood and erosion control structures from public or private shoreline property to the same or greater extent as the area of shoreline impacted by the proposed structural solution.

(f) (1) In the event the commissioner makes a tentative decision pursuant to section 22a-6h to deny an application prepared by a licensed professional engineer for a shoreline flood and erosion control structure, as defined in subsection (c) of section 22a-109 , the applicant may, not later than thirty days after the date on which the commissioner publishes or causes to be published notice of such tentative determination, submit a written request to the commissioner to conduct a hearing on such application in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54 together with a request that the Connecticut Academy of Science and Engineering issue an advisory engineering evaluation on the engineering aspects of such application. Any such request for an advisory engineering evaluation shall be accompanied by a fee required pursuant to a fee schedule established by said academy in consultation with the commissioner. Said academy shall review submissions from all parties to the application and shall meet with such parties as necessary for the purpose of resolving differences between the parties. Said academy shall issue a written advisory engineering evaluation not later than one hundred twenty days after receipt of the fee and submissions, provided the academy may, in its sole discretion, extend such deadline for an additional sixty days. The written advisory engineering opinion shall be nonbinding and shall be considered by the commissioner in rendering a final decision on the application. The commissioner shall schedule a hearing on such application not later than thirty days after the date on which said academy issues the written advisory engineering evaluation, provided the applicant may, at any time prior to such hearing, withdraw the request to the commissioner to conduct such hearing.

(2) In the case of any application for a shoreline flood and erosion control structure that is denied on the basis of a finding that there may be feasible, less environmentally damaging alternatives to such structure or that reasonable mitigation measures and techniques have not been provided, the commissioner or the municipal commission, as applicable, shall propose on the record, in writing, the types of feasible alternatives or mitigation measures and techniques that the applicant may investigate, provided this subsection shall not be construed to shift the burden from the applicant to prove that such applicant is entitled to approval of the proposed shoreline flood and erosion control structure or to present alternatives to such structure.

Cited. 182 C. 611.

Cited. 43 CS 386.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22a-449s — Connecticut Code / Title 22a / Chapter 446k / Section 22a-449s
Sec. 22a-449s. Underground storage tank petroleum clean-up program: Cancellation. Unavailability of program to demonstrate financial responsibility. Determination of applicability.
Status: in_force

(b) On and after October 1, 2013, any municipality or person who owns or operates one or more underground storage tank systems on five or fewer separate parcels of real property and is subject to the financial responsibility requirements of section 22a-449 (d)-109 of the regulations of Connecticut state agencies shall not use the program to demonstrate such financial responsibility.

(c) On and after October 1, 2012, any person who owns or operates one or more underground storage tank systems on more than five separate parcels of real property and is subject to the financial responsibility requirements of section 22a-449 (d)-109 of the regulations of Connecticut state agencies shall not use the program to demonstrate such financial responsibility.

(d) The owner or operator of an underground storage tank system shall, not later than thirty days after a written request from the commissioner, provide the commissioner with any information the commissioner deems necessary to determine whether an owner or operator is subject to subsection (b) or (c) of this section. All underground storage tank systems located within or outside this state, owned or operated by such person, shall be included in such determination.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22a-208a — Connecticut Code / Title 22a / Chapter 446d / Section 22a-208a
Sec. 22a-208a. Permit for construction, alteration or operation of solid waste facility. Application, fee. Unpermitted solid waste disposal areas. Modified permits. Hearing. General permits: Procedures, regulations. Approval for demonstration project.
Status: reserved

(b) Except as provided in section 22a-208cc , no person or municipality shall establish, construct or operate a solid waste facility without a permit issued by the commissioner under this section. An application for such permit shall be submitted on a form prescribed by the commissioner, include such information as the commissioner may require, including, but not limited to, a closure plan for such facility, and be accompanied by a fee prescribed in regulations adopted in accordance with chapter 54. Notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes or any regulation adopted pursuant to said statutes, references to a permit to construct or a permit to operate in a regulation adopted pursuant to section 22a-209 shall be deemed to mean a permit as required by this subsection. The applicant shall send a written notification of any application for such permit to the chief elected official of each municipality in which the proposed facility is to be located, within five business days of the date on which any such application is filed.

(c) Upon written notice from the commissioner and in accordance with a schedule specified by the commissioner in such written notice, any person or municipality that owns an unpermitted solid waste disposal area shall (1) submit a closure plan for the commissioner's review and written approval, provide public notice of such proposed plan in a manner prescribed by regulations adopted pursuant to section 22a-133k and close and maintain such area after closure in accordance with the approved closure plan, or (2) remediate such disposal area in accordance with a remediation plan approved by the commissioner or verified by a licensed environmental professional pursuant to section 22a-133x , 22a-133y or 22a-134a or pursuant to an order of the commissioner. A fee of three thousand dollars shall accompany any closure plan submitted pursuant to this subsection. The commissioner may require the owner of a solid waste disposal area to post sufficient performance bond or other security to ensure compliance with the approved closure plan. The commissioner may approve a modification to a closure plan for a solid waste disposal area. A fee of five hundred dollars shall accompany the request for such modification. The commissioner may reduce or waive the fees required by this subsection in cases of financial hardship and may modify such fees in regulations adopted in accordance with chapter 54. The commissioner may require a person or municipality to provide public notice of a proposed modification of a closure plan if the modification involves any activity that would disrupt the solid waste or change the use of the solid waste disposal area. Notwithstanding the provisions of this subsection, the commissioner may order a person or municipality that establishes or constructs a solid waste disposal area without first obtaining a permit as required by subsection (b) of this section to remove any solid waste disposed at such area, to remediate any pollution caused by such waste, and to properly dispose of such waste at a lawfully operated solid waste facility.

(d) (1) No person or municipality that holds a permit issued under this section shall alter the design or method of operation of the permitted facility without first obtaining a modified permit. For the purposes of this section and sections 22a-208 , 22a-208b , 22a-220a , 22a-225 and 22a-226 , “alter” means to change to any substantive degree the design, capacity, volume process or operation of a solid waste facility and includes, but is not limited to, changes in the approved capacity or composition of solid waste disposed of, processed, reduced, stored or recycled at the facility. For purposes of this section, “alter” does not include the addition of not more than seventy-five tons per day of mattresses and items designated by the commissioner for recycling pursuant to section 22a-241b and any regulation adopted pursuant to said section, except storage batteries and waste oil, provided the permitted storage capacity of such solid waste facility is not exceeded. The owner or operator of any such facility shall, not later than thirty days after adding such recyclable items, submit a written notification to the commissioner describing such addition. The commissioner may approve, in writing, a modification of a closure plan for a closed permitted solid waste disposal area without modifying the permit for such area. The commissioner may require a person who, or a municipality that, requests such modification to provide public notice of a proposed modification of a closure plan if the modification involves any activity that would disrupt the solid waste or change the use of the solid waste disposal area. A fee of five hundred dollars shall accompany any request for such modification of a closure plan. The commissioner may reduce or waive such fee in cases of financial hardship and may modify such fee in accordance with regulations adopted in accordance with chapter 54.

(2) Changes in design, processes or operations, including the addition of thermal oxidizers or other air pollution control equipment, made to mitigate, correct or abate odors from a solid waste facility that is owned or operated by the MIRA Dissolution Authority and that contracts with more than fifty municipalities, shall not be considered an alteration requiring a modified permit or minor permit amendment under this chapter. In addition, notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes or regulation adopted pursuant to said statutes, any such change shall not be considered a modification or new stationary source requiring a permit to construct or operate under chapter 446c or under any regulation adopted pursuant to chapter 446c, unless such change is a major modification or a major stationary source requiring a permit under the federal Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. Any person making any such change to an odor control system at such a facility shall, not more than thirty days after making such change, submit a written report to the commissioner fully describing the changes made and the reason for such changes for the commissioner's review and comment. Nothing in this subdivision shall affect the commissioner's authority to take any other action to enforce the requirements of this title.

(3) Notwithstanding any provision of this section, the receipt of not more than seventy-five tons per day of containerized food scrap, food processing residuals and soiled or unrecyclable paper and the storage of not more than one hundred fifty cubic yards of containerized food scrap, food processing residuals and soiled or unrecyclable paper at a facility permitted under this subsection shall not require a modification to any permit issued pursuant to this section. The receipt of such food scraps, food processing residuals and soiled or unrecyclable paper shall occur within a fully enclosed building, and such scraps, materials and paper shall remain containerized, except while being transferred, and shall be managed to control odor, leachate and attraction of vectors. The owner or operator of any such facility shall, not later than thirty days after adding such items for receipt by such facility, submit a written notification to the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection describing such addition.

(e) The commissioner may hold a public hearing prior to approving or denying an application if in his discretion the public interest will be best served thereby, and shall hold a hearing upon receipt of a petition signed by at least twenty-five persons. The commissioner may amend a permit to construct or to operate, without hearing, for minor changes in the facility design, practices or equipment that would not in his judgment significantly change the nature of the facility or its impact on the environment. Notwithstanding the provisions of this subsection, the commissioner shall conduct a public hearing on an application for a permit to construct a new solid waste disposal area. Such public hearing shall be commenced in the municipality in which the facility is to be located or a location in close proximity to said municipality. Notwithstanding the provisions of this subsection, if a hearing has been held on and after July 1, 1993, on an application for a permit to construct or alter a solid waste facility, the commissioner shall not hold a hearing on an application for a permit to operate such facility.

(f) The qualifications of the operator or operators of any solid waste facility and any person other than a municipality owning such a facility shall be subject to the approval of the commissioner. The commissioner shall establish requirements for the presence of approved operators at solid waste facilities. The commissioner may develop, offer or sponsor training programs for operators of solid waste facilities and require participation therein.

(g) Whenever the commissioner issues a permit to construct a solid waste facility, he shall cause a certified copy thereof to be filed on the land records in the town wherein the facility will be located.

(h) On and after July 1, 1996, fees required pursuant to this section shall be as prescribed by regulations adopted by the commissioner in accordance with chapter 54. In adopting regulations pursuant to this section, the commissioner shall perform an evaluation of the actual costs necessary to process, review and render a decision on permit applications reflecting the time, resource commitments and expenses to the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection. A similar review shall be performed for annual fees sufficient to represent the actual time to perform and review routine inspections, perform general monitoring of activities and perform appropriate follow-up on results of such activities. For both application fees and annual fees, the commissioner shall include a description of methods used to calculate the costs associated with similar categories of activities in order to demonstrate that the fees for activities within any category are equitable.

(i) (1) The commissioner may issue a general permit for a category of activities which require a permit under this section, except for an activity which is already covered by an individual permit, provided the issuance of the permit is not inconsistent with the requirements of the federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. The commissioner's authority to issue a general permit for certain categories of solid waste facilities shall not include the authority to issue a general permit for resources recovery facilities, biomedical waste facilities, solid waste disposal areas or municipal solid waste composting facilities. Any person or municipality conducting an activity for which a general permit has been issued shall not be required to obtain an individual permit under this section, except as provided in subdivision (3) of this subsection. The general permit may regulate a category of activities which (A) involve the same or substantially similar types of operations, (B) involve the transfer, storage, processing or disposal of the same types of substances, (C) require the same operating conditions or standards, and (D) require the same or similar monitoring, and which in the opinion of the commissioner are more appropriately controlled under a general permit than under an individual permit. The general permit may require any person or municipality proposing to conduct any activity under the general permit to register such activity with the commissioner before it is covered by the general permit. Registration shall be on a form prescribed by the commissioner.

(2) Notwithstanding any provisions of this section, or any regulations adopted thereunder, or of chapter 54, the following procedures shall apply to the issuance, renewal, modification, revocation or suspension of a general permit. (A) A general permit shall be issued for a term specified by the permit and shall clearly define the activity covered thereby and may include such conditions and requirements as the commissioner deems appropriate, including but not limited to, operation and maintenance requirements, management practices, and reporting requirements; (B) the commissioner shall publish notice of intent to issue a general permit in a newspaper having a substantial circulation in the affected area; (C) there shall be a comment period of thirty days following publication of such notice during which interested persons may submit written comments to the commissioner; and (D) the commissioner shall publish notice of the issuance or decision not to issue a general permit in a newspaper having substantial circulation in the affected area. The commissioner may revoke, suspend or modify a general permit in accordance with the notice and comment procedures for issuance of a general permit specified in this subsection. Any person may request that the commissioner issue, modify, suspend or revoke a general permit in accordance with this subsection.

(3) Subsequent to the issuance of a general permit, the commissioner may require a person or municipality whose activity is or may be covered by the general permit to apply for and obtain an individual permit pursuant to subsections (a), (b), (c) and (d) of this section if he determines that an individual permit would better protect the land, air and waters of the state from pollution. The commissioner may require an individual permit under this subdivision in cases including, but not limited to the following: (A) When the owner or operator is not in compliance with the conditions of the general permit; (B) when a change has occurred in the availability of demonstrated technology or practices for the control or abatement of pollution applicable to the activity; (C) when circumstances have changed since the time of the issuance of the general permit so that the activity is no longer appropriately controlled under the general permit, or either a temporary or permanent reduction or elimination of the authorized activity is necessary; or (D) when a relevant change has occurred in the applicability of the federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. In making the determination to require an individual permit, the commissioner may consider the location, character and size of the activity, and any other relevant factors. The commissioner may require an individual permit under this subdivision only if the affected person or municipality covered by the general permit has been notified in writing that a permit application is required. This notice shall include a brief statement of the reasons for this decision, an application form, a statement setting a time for the person or municipality to file the application, and a statement that on the effective date of the individual permit the general permit as it applies to the individual permittee shall automatically terminate. The commissioner may grant an extension of time upon the request of the applicant. The applicant shall use his best efforts to obtain the individual permit. Any interested person or municipality may petition the commissioner to take action under this subdivision.

(4) The commissioner may adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, to carry out the purposes of this subsection.

(j) The Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection may issue an approval for a demonstration project for any activity regulated by the commissioner under this chapter provided the commissioner determines that such demonstration project (1) is necessary to research, develop or promote methods and technologies of solid waste management which are consistent with the goals of the state-wide solid waste management plan; (2) does not pose a significant risk to human health or the environment; and (3) is not inconsistent with the federal Water Pollution Control Act, the federal Rivers and Harbors Act, the federal Clean Air Act or the federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. An application for such approval shall be on a form prescribed by the commissioner, be accompanied by a fee of one thousand dollars and shall provide such information as the commissioner deems necessary. Any person applying for such approval shall not commence the project prior to the commissioner's written approval. The commissioner may impose conditions upon such approval as deemed necessary to adequately protect human health and the environment or to ensure project success and such approval shall be valid for a period of not more than two years. The commissioner may renew such approval provided the total period of approval does not exceed five years. The commissioner may order summary suspension of any such approval in accordance with subsection (c) of section 4-182 . Notwithstanding the renewal process, any person may seek, or the commissioner may require, that the project obtain a general or individual permit pursuant to this chapter.

See Sec. 22a-6m re review of permit applicant's compliance history.

See Sec. 22a-6n re notice of commissioner's determination regarding application under this section.

See Sec. 22a-6z re regulations implementing Subtitle C of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976.

See Sec. 22a-27i re exemption of municipality for one year.

See Sec. 22a-208 l re wood-burning facilities.

Cited. 215 C. 82; 218 C. 580; Id., 821; 225 C. 731; 226 C. 205; 227 C. 175; 233 C. 486; 234 C. 221; Id., 312. Whether statute accords with due process and equal protection was not properly reserved. 247 C. 751.

Cited. 17 CA 17; judgment reversed, see 212 C. 570. As creature of the state, a town or city may not challenge an agency's duly enacted regulations on constitutional grounds. 62 CA 816.

Subsec. (a):

1997 amendment prohibiting establishment or construction of new plant or station within 1/4 mile of day care center operating as of July 8, 1997, in municipality with population greater than 100,000 persons violates right to equal protection guaranteed by Art. I, Secs. 1 and 20 of Connecticut Constitution by creating classifications unrelated to legitimate state interest. 257 C. 429.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22-118n — Connecticut Code / Title 22 / Chapter 428a / Section 22-118n
Sec. 22-118n. Misbranding of commercial feed.
Status: in_force

(1) If its labeling is false or misleading in any way;

(2) If it is distributed under the name of another commercial feed;

(3) If it is not labeled as required in section 22-118m ;

(4) If it purports to be or is represented as a commercial feed, or if it purports to contain or is represented as containing a commercial feed ingredient, unless such commercial feed or feed ingredient conforms to the definition, if any, prescribed by regulation by the Commissioner of Agriculture; or

(5) If any word, statement or other information required by or under authority of sections 22-118k to 22-118u , inclusive, to appear on the label or labeling is not prominently placed thereon with such conspicuousness, compared with other words, statements, designs or devices in the labeling and in such terms as to render it likely to be read and understood by the ordinary individual under customary conditions of purchase and use.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22a-454a — Connecticut Code / Title 22a / Chapter 446k / Section 22a-454a
Sec. 22a-454a. Closure plans. Fees. Regulations.
Status: in_force

See Sec. 22a-27i re exemption of municipality for one year.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22a-21f — Connecticut Code / Title 22a / Chapter 439 / Section 22a-21f
Sec. 22a-21f. Rating system for grant applications.
Status: in_force

(1) The contribution of the project to the community in resolving outstanding community problems;

(2) The contribution of the project in resolving the special needs of the intended service population;

(3) The contribution of the project in addressing state and national issues;

(4) The evidence of community support for and involvement in the project;

(5) The appropriateness of the project and its probable effectiveness in meeting the stated need;

(6) The planned economic efficiency of the project;

(7) The probable benefits to corps members in self-confidence and self-pride, encouraging the work ethic through job satisfaction, fostering good work habits, strengthening a sense of community and promoting good community citizenship, facilitating continued or supplementary education;

(8) The quality and comprehensiveness of the project and project planning effort as exhibited by the grant application; and

(9) The potential of the project to continue beyond the grant period without government subsidy.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22a-133ff — Connecticut Code / Title 22a / Chapter 445 / Section 22a-133ff
Sec. 22a-133ff. Municipal liability for easement acquired for recreational use.
Status: in_force

(b) Notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes or regulations to the contrary, any municipality with a population greater than ninety thousand people that acquires an easement over property of another that is duly recorded on the land records for the purpose of making the property included in such easement available to the public for recreational use without charge, rent, fee or other commercial service shall not be liable to the state for any fines, penalties or costs of investigation or remediation with respect to any pollution or source of pollution or contamination by hazardous waste on or emanating from such easement area, provided such pollution or source of pollution or contamination by hazardous waste (1) occurred or existed on such property prior to the municipality's acquisition of such easement, and (2) was not caused or created by or contributed to by such municipality or by an agent of such municipality and provided such municipality, or the use of such easement area by the public, does not contribute to or exacerbate such existing pollution or source of pollution or contamination by hazardous waste or prevent the investigation or remediation of such pollution or contamination. Such municipality shall not interfere with, and shall provide access to, other persons who are investigating and remediating any such pollution or source of pollution or contamination by hazardous waste. This section does not limit or affect the liability of the owner or operator of the property on which such easement is located under any other provision of law, including, but not limited to, any obligation to address any such pollution or source of pollution or contamination by hazardous waste, or from any fines or penalties.

(c) Any municipality that acquires an easement for recreational use as provided in subsection (b) of this section shall ensure that any pollution or source of pollution or contamination from hazardous waste, on or emanating from such easement area, does not pose a risk to the public based upon the use of such easement.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22-341 — Connecticut Code / Title 22 / Chapter 435 / Section 22-341
Sec. 22-341. Tag or plate to be attached to dog collar or harness. Cost.
Status: in_force

(b) The town clerk of each town shall order a sufficient number of such tags or plates from the commissioner, who shall furnish the same at a cost of five cents each, which cost shall be paid by the town on the approval of the town clerk. Any balance of the moneys received by the commissioner after deducting the cost of the tags, the expenses incidental to their distribution to the town clerks and the expenses incidental to the enforcement of the provisions of this chapter, shall be accounted for by the commissioner to the Comptroller. The design and the shape of such tags or plates shall be changed each year, and such tags or plates for each year shall be of uniform design and material throughout the state. Any dog found roaming at large upon any public highway or common or upon the premises of any person other than its owner, without a tag as provided in this section, shall be presumed to be an unlicensed dog.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22a-17 — Connecticut Code / Title 22a / Chapter 439 / Section 22a-17
Sec. 22a-17. Defense. Appointment of master or referee.
Status: in_force

(b) The court before which such action is brought may appoint a master or referee, who shall be a disinterested person and technically qualified, to take testimony and make a report to the court in the action. The costs of such appointment may be apportioned to the parties if the interests of justice require.

Cited. 170 C. 47; 175 C. 483. Because trial court did not apply the statutory burden-shifting test, it did not decide whether plaintiff's prima facie case was sufficiently rebutted; reversal required because court did not follow statute. 184 C. 51. Cited. 192 C. 591; 197 C. 134; 204 C. 38; Id., 212; 212 C. 710; Id., 727; 215 C. 474; 218 C. 580; 220 C. 54; 222 C. 98; 226 C. 205; Id., 579; 234 C. 488; 237 C. 135; 239 C. 786.

Cited. 30 CA 204; 41 CA 89; Id., 120. Plaintiff failed to provide requisite proof that the conduct of defendants, alone or in combination with others, very likely caused not merely a de minimis pollution, impairment or destruction of a natural resource, but an unreasonable one. 140 CA 155.

Cited. 35 CS 145.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22a-1g — Connecticut Code / Title 22a / Chapter 439 / Section 22a-1g
Sec. 22a-1g. Regulations.
Status: in_force

Cited. 204 C. 38; Id., 212.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22a-226e — Connecticut Code / Title 22a / Chapter 446d / Section 22a-226e
Sec. 22a-226e. Recycling of source-separated organic materials. Fees reporting requirement. Voluntary municipal pilot program. Food donated and recycled report.
Status: in_force

(2) On and after January 1, 2020, each commercial food wholesaler or distributor, industrial food manufacturer or processor, supermarket, resort or conference center that is located not more than twenty miles from an authorized source-separated organic material composting facility and that generates an average projected volume of not less than fifty-two tons per year of source-separated organic materials shall: (A) Separate such source-separated organic materials from other solid waste; and (B) ensure that such source-separated organic materials are recycled at any authorized source-separated organic material composting facility that has available capacity and that will accept such source-separated organic material.

(3) On and after January 1, 2022, each commercial food wholesaler or distributor, industrial food manufacturer or processor, supermarket, resort or conference center that is located not more than twenty miles from either an authorized source-separated organic material composting facility an authorized transfer station or any collection location authorized to receive source-separated organic materials, and that generates an average projected volume of not less than twenty-six tons per year of source-separated organic materials shall: (A) Separate such source-separated organic materials from other solid waste; and (B) ensure that such source-separated organic materials are recycled at any authorized source-separated organic material composting facility that has available capacity and that will accept such source-separated organic material.

(4) On and after January 1, 2025, each commercial food wholesaler or distributor, industrial food manufacturer or processor, supermarket, resort, conference center or institution that generates an average projected volume of not less than twenty-six tons per year of source-separated organic materials shall: (A) Separate such source-separated organic materials from other solid waste; and (B) ensure that such source-separated organic materials are recycled at any authorized source-separated organic material composting facility that has available capacity and that will accept such source-separated organic material. For the purposes of this section “institution” means any establishment engaged in providing hospitality, entertainment or rehabilitation and health care services, and any hospital, public or independent institution of higher education building or facility or correctional facility.

(5) On and after July 1, 2026, each public or nonpublic school building or educational facility in which students in grades kindergarten to twelve, inclusive, or any combination thereof, are enrolled, that is located not more than twenty miles from either an authorized source-separated organic material composting facility and that generates an average projected volume of not less than twenty-six tons per year of source-separated organic materials shall: (A) Separate such source-separated organic materials from other solid waste; and (B) ensure that such source-separated organic materials are recycled at any authorized source-separated organic material composting facility that has available capacity and that will accept such source-separated organic material.

(b) Any such wholesaler, distributor, manufacturer, processor, supermarket, institution, resort or conference center that performs composting of source-separated organic materials on site or treats source-separated organic materials via on-site organic treatment equipment permitted pursuant to the general statutes or federal law shall be deemed in compliance with the provisions of this section.

(c) Any permitted source-separated organic material composting facility that receives such source-separated organic materials shall report to the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection, as part of such facility's reporting obligations, a summary of fees charged for receipt of such source-separated organic materials.

(d) Not later than January 1, 2022, the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection shall establish a voluntary pilot program for any municipality that seeks to separate source-separated organic materials and ensure that such source-separated organic materials are recycled at authorized source-separated organic material composting facilities that have available capacity and that will accept such source-separated organic material.

(e) On or before March 1, 2025, and annually thereafter, each wholesaler, distributor, manufacturer, processor, supermarket, resort, conference center or institution that is subject to the provisions of this section shall submit a report to the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection in electronic format. Such report shall summarize such entity's amount of edible food donated, the amount of food scraps recycled and the organics recycler or recyclers and associated collectors used.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22a-137 — Connecticut Code / Title 22a / Chapter 446 / Section 22a-137
Sec. 22a-137. Burial of nuclear radioactive waste regulated. Certain low-level wastes exempted.
Status: in_force

(b) Upon receipt of an application to bury nuclear radioactive waste, the committee shall notify the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection and the Commissioner of Public Health and said commissioners shall submit to said committee, within forty-five days, an evaluation of the impact of the proposed burial upon the state.

(c) Within sixty days of receipt of an application the committee shall hold a public hearing. Notice of the hearing shall be published for two consecutive weeks in a newspaper having general circulation in the county in which the proposed burial site is to be located, the last publication to be at least two weeks prior to the date of the hearing. Not less than thirty days prior to such public hearing, the committee shall give notice of such hearing by certified mail, return receipt requested, to the legislative body and the regional council of governments for the municipality in which the proposed burial site is to be located and for each contiguous municipality.

(d) The committee shall report to the General Assembly its recommendation for approval or disapproval of the proposed burial and burial site. A recommendation for approval of the proposed burial and burial site shall include findings that such burial and burial site: (1) Will not have a significant adverse effect upon the health, safety, air or water quality, or the economy of the affected region and (2) will not significantly interfere with the orderly development of such region with due consideration having been given to any recommendations of the regional councils of governments and the municipal legislative bodies.

(e) No state officer, agency or department shall approve or license any proposed burial or burial site or obtain any such approval or license from any state or federal agency or board unless such proposed burial and burial site have been approved by special act of the General Assembly.

(f) The provisions of this section shall not apply to the disposal of low-level radioactive waste in accordance with the provisions of sections 22a-161 to 22a-162a , inclusive.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22-128 — Connecticut Code / Title 22 / Chapter 430 / Section 22-128
Sec. 22-128. Powers and duties of commissioner. Access to premises. Removal or abatement of insanitary condition. Civil penalty.
Status: in_force

(b) The agents of any dealer, cooperative or other transportation agencies having knowledge or record of any consignment of milk and cream shall inform the commissioner or his deputy, agent or assistant of such consignment and the name of the consignee when requested by the commissioner or his deputy, agent or assistant.

(c) The commissioner or his deputy, agent or assistant shall make an examination of the premises of any farm or dairy, or any place in which cattle, dairy stock or other domestic animals are kept within this state, in which any insanitary condition liable to affect the products of such farm or dairy exists, or is reported or suspected to exist. When any such condition is found by him, he shall notify the owner or occupant of the premises upon which such condition exists to remove or abate the same at the expense of such owner or occupant, within such time as the commissioner or his deputy, agent or assistant directs; and he may, by notice in writing to the owner or occupant, prohibit the sale of any milk or milk products produced on any farm or in any dairy, the owner or occupant of which fails to comply with any order of the commissioner or his deputy, agent or assistant to remove or abate any insanitary condition existing on such premises which is liable to affect the products of such farm or dairy, until such insanitary condition is removed or abated to the satisfaction of the commissioner or his deputy, agent or assistant, and such prohibition shall be terminated by him in writing, but such prohibition may remain in effect five days at the discretion of the commissioner.

(d) Any person who refuses the access provided for herein to the commissioner, his deputy, agent or assistant, or who sells any milk or milk products of any farm or dairy, the sale of which has been prohibited as herein provided, shall be assessed a civil penalty in accordance with the provisions of section 22-7 .

Cited. 111 C. 440.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22a-220c — Connecticut Code / Title 22a / Chapter 446d / Section 22a-220c
Sec. 22a-220c. Notification to collectors re items required to be recycled. Warning notices. Inspections. Notification to municipalities re delinquent tipping fees.
Status: in_force

(b) On and after January 1, 1991, the owner or operator of each resources recovery facility or solid waste facility who has reason to believe, upon visual inspection, that a load of solid waste which is delivered to the facility contains significant quantities of grass clippings or significant quantities of any item required to be recycled pursuant to subsection (a) of section 22a-241b shall provide prompt notification of such belief to the driver of the vehicle delivering the load and to the agent of the municipality from which the load originated, designated pursuant to section 22a-220 . The owner or operator of each resources recovery facility or solid waste facility shall conduct periodic unannounced inspections of loads delivered to the resources recovery facility or solid waste facility to assist municipalities and the commissioner in accurately assessing compliance with said section 22a-241b and subsection (c) of section 22a-208v . Such owners or operators shall conduct additional inspections upon the request of the commissioner.

(c) Where a collector of solid waste is delinquent in paying its tipping fees for a period of three consecutive months to a resources recovery facility or solid waste facility, the owner or operator of such facility shall notify each municipality in which such collector operates of such delinquency.

Cited. 224 C. 627.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22a-294 — Connecticut Code / Title 22a / Chapter 446f / Section 22a-294
Sec. 22a-294. (Formerly Sec. 25-56). Interstate Environmental Commission Tri-State Compact.
Status: in_force

Whereas, Such pollution constitutes a grave menace to the health, welfare and recreational facilities of the people living in such area and is occasioning great economic loss; and

Whereas, The control of future pollution and the abatement of existing pollution in the waters in such area is of prime importance to the people living in such area and can best be accomplished through the cooperation of the states of New Jersey and New York and Connecticut by and through a joint or common agency;

Now, therefore, The state of New York and the state of New Jersey and the state of Connecticut do agree and are bound as follows:

ARTICLE I

1. Each of the signatory states pledges each to the other faithful cooperation in the control of future pollution and agrees to provide for the abatement of existing pollution in the tidal and coastal waters in the adjacent portions of the signatory states defined herein as coming within the district, and consistent with such object, to enact adequate legislation which will enable each of the signatory states to put and maintain the waters thereof in a satisfactory sanitary condition and particularly to protect public health; to render safe such waters as are now used or may later become available for bathing and recreational purposes; to abate and eliminate such pollution as becomes obnoxious or causes a nuisance; to permit the maintenance of major fish life, shellfish and marine life in waters now available or that may, by practicable means, be made available for the development of such fish, shellfish or marine life; to prevent oil, grease or solids from being carried on the surface of the water; to prevent the formation of sludge deposits along the shores or in the waterways; and, with the fulfillment of these objectives, to abate and avoid incurring unnecessary economic loss by safeguarding the rights of the public in its varied legitimate uses of the waters of the district.

ARTICLE II

1. To that end they do agree that there shall be created and they do hereby create a district to be known as the Interstate Environmental District (hereinafter referred to as the district) which shall embrace the territory described as follows:

All of the coastal, estuarial and tidal waters within or covering portions of the signatory states as follows:

(a) In Connecticut, Long Island Sound and estuaries and tidal waters thereof between the easterly side of New Haven Harbor at Morgan Point and the Connecticut-New York state boundary, and the Housatonic River up to the northerly boundary lines of the towns of Stratford and Milford.

(b) In New York, all of the tidal waters of Greater New York City; including Kill Van Kull and Arthur Kill, Long Island Sound and the estuaries and tidal waters thereof between the New York City line and the New York-Connecticut state boundary and between the New York City line and the easterly side of Port Jefferson Harbor; the Atlantic Ocean and the estuaries and tidal waters thereof between the New York City line and the easterly side of Fire Island inlet; and the Hudson River and estuaries and tidal waters thereof between the New York and New Jersey state boundary and the northerly line of Rockland County on the westerly side and between the northerly line of New York City and the northerly line of Westchester County on the easterly side of the river.

(c) In New Jersey, the Hudson River and New York Upper Bay and estuaries and tidal waters thereof between the New York-New Jersey boundary and Constable Point on Constable Hook, the Kill Van Kull and Arthur Kill to the mouths of the rivers entering into the Kills; Newark Bay and the estuaries thereof up to the mouth of the Passaic River; and up to the mouth of the Hackensack River; Raritan Bay together with the Raritan River up to the Victory bridge on said river between Perth Amboy and South Amboy; together with the Cheesequake Creek up to the New York and Long Branch Railroad bridge on said creek at Morgan; together with the Matawan Creek up to the New York and Long Branch Railroad bridges on said creek at Matawan; Sandy Hook Bay; together with the Shrewsbury River up to the passenger railroad bridge between Navesink Light and Highland Beach on said river.

ARTICLE III

1. There is hereby created the Interstate Environmental Commission (hereinafter referred to as the commission) which shall be a body corporate and politic, having the powers, duties and jurisdiction herein enumerated and such other and additional powers as shall be conferred upon it by the act or acts of a signatory state concurred in by the others and by the Act or Acts of Congress when necessary.

ARTICLE IV

1. The commission shall consist of five commissioners from each state, each of whom shall be a resident voter of the state from which he is appointed. The commissioners shall be chosen in the manner and for the terms provided by law of the state from which they shall be appointed, and each commissioner may be removed or suspended from office as provided by the law of the state from which he shall be appointed. The commissioners shall serve without compensation, but shall be paid their actual expenses incurred and incident to the performance of their duties.

ARTICLE V

1. The commission shall elect from its number a chairman and vice-chairman and shall appoint and at its pleasure remove or discharge such officers and legal, clerical, expert and other assistants as may be required to carry the provisions of this compact into effect, and shall fix and determine their duties, qualifications and compensations. It shall adopt a seal and suitable bylaws and shall promulgate rules and regulations for its management and control. It may maintain one or more offices for the transaction of its business and may meet at any time or place within the signatory states. A majority of the members from each state shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, the exercise of any powers, or the performance of any duties, but no action of the commission shall be binding unless at least three of the members from each state shall vote in favor thereof. The commission shall keep accurate accounts of all receipts and disbursements and shall make an annual report to the governor and the legislature of each state setting forth in detail the operations and transactions conducted by it pursuant to this compact, and shall make recommendations for any legislative action deemed by it advisable, including amendments to the statutes of the signatory states which may be necessary to carry out the intent and purpose of this compact, and changes in the district which concentration of population or other cause may require. The commission shall not incur any obligations for salaries, office or other administrative expenses prior to the making of appropriations adequate to meet the same; nor shall the commission pledge the credit of any of the signatory states except by and with the authority of the legislatures thereof. Each state reserves the right to provide hereafter by law for the examination and audit of the accounts of the commission by its comptroller or other official. The commissioners shall meet and organize within ten days after the effective date of this compact.

ARTICLE VI

1. It is recognized by the signatory states that, where tidal waters are used for such varied purposes as bathing, navigation, shellfish culture, the development of fish life and the disposal of wastes, no single standard of purity is practicable in all parts of the district. In order to attain the objects of this compact, the commission, after proper study and after conducting public hearings upon due notice, shall group the designated waters of the district into classes. Where local conditions shall have changed in the future to such an extent that changes in classification become necessary, the commission may, after conducting public hearings upon due notice, adopt such changes.

Two general classifications shall be used:

(1) Class “A”, in which the designated water areas are expected to be used primarily for recreational purposes, shellfish culture or the development of fish life;

(2) Class “B”, in which the designated water areas are not expected to be used primarily for recreational purposes, shellfish culture or the development of fish life.

ARTICLE VII

1. It is agreed between the signatory states that no sewage or other polluting matters shall be discharged or permitted to flow into, or be placed in, or permitted to fall or move into the tidal waters of the district, except under the following conditions and restrictions:

(1) All sewage discharged or permitted to flow into Class “A” waters of the district shall first have been so treated as (a) to remove all floating solids and at least sixty per centum (60%) of the suspended solids; and (b) to effect a reduction of organisms of the B. Coli group (intestinal bacilli) so that the probable number of such organisms shall not exceed one per cubic centimeter in more than fifty per centum (50%) of the samples of sewage effluent tested by the partially confirmed test; provided, however, that in the case of discharge into waters used primarily for bathing this bacterial standard need not be required except during the bathing season; and (c) to effect a reduction in the oxygen demand of the sewage effluent sufficient to maintain an average dissolved oxygen content in the tidal waters of the district and in the general vicinity of the point of discharge of the sewage into those waters, at a depth of about five feet below the surface, of not less than fifty per centum (50%) saturation during any week of the year.

2. All sewage discharged or permitted to flow into Class “B” waters of the district shall first have been so treated as (a) to remove all floating solids and at least ten per centum (10%) of the suspended solids, or such additional percentage as may, by reason of local conditions, be necessary to avoid the formation of sludge deposits in the Class “B” waters of the district; and (b) to effect a reduction in the oxygen demand of the sewage effluent sufficient to maintain an average dissolved oxygen content in the tidal waters of the district and in the general vicinity of the point of discharge of the sewage into those waters, at a depth of about five feet below the surface, of not less than thirty per centum (30%) saturation during any week of the year.

3. In addition to or in substitution for the classifications of waters set forth in this Article or in Article VI of this compact and the effluent standards made applicable thereto, the commission may develop and, after public hearing, place in force other classifications of waters and effluent standards within the district. Such classifications shall be on the basis of present or intended uses of the waters in question and shall be accompanied by requirements governing the quality of effluents, receiving waters, or both, as the public interest may make appropriate. Classifications, standards, and requirements adopted pursuant to this Article shall be developed and may be revised with due consideration for uniformity of requirements relating to the quality of effluents and receiving waters within the same classification in all parts of the district. Classifications made pursuant to this Article shall be governed by and shall implement any water and related land resource plans, water use plans or pollution control plans adopted by appropriate agencies of the signatory states, acting singly or in concert, or through joint intergovernmental agencies. Any exercise of authority by the commission pursuant to this Article shall be subject to any procedural requirements, if applicable, that may be contained in federal law. Nothing contained in this Article shall be construed to abridge or limit any power otherwise existing of a signatory state to make and enforce classifications, standards, and requirements for effluents and receiving waters. These additional or substitute classifications of waters and effluent standards shall take effect when the states of New York and New Jersey shall have similarly amended the tri-state compact in the form substantially set forth in Article III.

ARTICLE VIII

1. Each of the signatory states agrees that, in so far as waters within its jurisdiction may flow into any portion of the district, all sewage discharged or permitted to flow into any stream tributary to the tidal waters of the district shall be treated to that extent, if any, which may be necessary to maintain such tributary immediately above its confluence with the tidal waters of the district in a sanitary condition at least equal to the classification requirements determined by the commission for the tidal waters of the district into which it discharges. The waters of the Hudson River, immediately above the mouth of the Sparkhill Creek on the westerly side and the New York-New Jersey boundary extended on the easterly side of the river, shall be maintained in a sanitary condition at ebb tide at least equal to the sanitary condition prevailing in the waters of the river immediately below said boundary at flood tide.

ARTICLE IX

1. Nothing in this compact shall be construed to repeal or prevent the enactment of any legislation or the enforcement of any requirement by any signatory state imposing any additional conditions and restrictions to further lessen or prevent the pollution of waters within its jurisdiction.

ARTICLE X

1. Subject to the provisions of this compact the commission, as soon as may be after its organization, after an investigation and after conducting public hearings upon due notice, shall, by order, prescribe the reasonable date on or before which each municipality or other entity discharging sewage into the designated waters within the district shall be treating such sewage in accordance with the standards specified in this compact. Such order may prescribe that certain specific progress shall be made at certain definite time prior to the final date fixed in such order. It is the desire of all parties to accomplish the objects herein set forth with the least possible injury to investments which have already been made in the construction of sewage treatment plants within the district, and where changes or additions to such plants would be necessary to conform to the standards herein adopted, a reasonable time to effect such changes or additions may, in the discretion of the commission, be granted.

ARTICLE XI

1. Each of the signatory states agrees that it will prohibit the pollution of this compact, and that it will enact suitable and adequate legislation which will accomplish effectively the objects of this compact and which will enable its officers, departments, boards and agents to accomplish satisfactorily the obligations and duties assumed by the state under the terms of this compact, and it is further agreed that the courts of the several states shall have jurisdiction to enforce as against any person, corporation, municipality or other entity or any employee, department or subdivision of the respective signatory states any and all provisions of this compact. The commission shall have authority to investigate and determine if the requirements of the compact and/or the orders of the commission pursuant thereto are complied with and if satisfactory progress has not been made, to bring action in its own name in the proper court or courts to compel the enforcement of any and all the provisions of this compact, and/or the orders of the commission pursuant thereto.

ARTICLE XII

1. In order that future pollution be controlled and existing pollution be abated with the greatest possible economy and efficiency, the commission shall cooperate and advise with the respective state and district authorities having jurisdiction over stream pollution, with a view to coordinating their activities and securing the most satisfactory results at lower cost. For such purpose the commission may prepare a general plan of the most practicable and economical method of securing conformity with the standards herein set forth, having in view the future growth and development of the district. Such plan when completed shall be submitted to the governor and the legislature of each state and to the state agency or agencies or district agencies in charge of sewage problems. The provisions of this compact shall not affect the discharge from the outfall pipes of the Passaic Valley sewerage system into the waters of New York Harbor; provided, however, that said discharge shall be in accordance with the terms and provisions of the stipulation entered into on April fourteenth, one thousand nine hundred ten, between the United States of America and Passaic Valley sewerage commissioners.

ARTICLE XIII

1. Terms used in this compact are defined as follows:

“District” means the area more particularly described in Article II of this compact.

“Commission” means the Interstate Environmental Commission.

“Municipality” means any city, incorporated village, borough, county, town, township, district, or any municipality governed by an improvement commission, any joint sewer commission, or any other subdivision of any one of the signatory states, located within the district.

“Rule” or “Regulation” means any rule or regulation established by the commission not inconsistent with the Constitution of the United States or of any signatory state, promulgated by the commission touching the abatement of pollution of the waters of the district.

“Tidal waters” means all those waters which ebb and flow within the designated district.

“Dissolved oxygen” is the gaseous oxygen held in solution by the water at any given time. It is expressed as a percentage of the maximum amount of oxygen that would be required to saturate the water under the existing conditions of temperature and salinity.

“Pollution” is any foreign matter which renders waters unfit to sustain fish life and unsatisfactory for bathing.

“Sewage effluent” means the treated sewage discharged from a treatment plant.

“Suspended solids” means those solid particles carried in suspension in the untreated sewage or sewage effluent.

“Entity” means any organization or association owning, controlling or operating a sewerage system or treatment plant within a municipality.

ARTICLE XIV

1. The signatory states agree to appropriate annually for the salaries, office and other administrative expenses such sum or sums as shall be recommended by the commission and approved by the governors of the signatory states, the state of New York and the state of New Jersey agreeing each to appropriate forty-five per centum (45%) thereof, and the state of Connecticut agreeing to appropriate ten per centum (10%) thereof. The state of New York and the state of New Jersey obligate themselves hereunder, however, only to the extent of fifteen thousand dollars ($15,000.00) each in any one year, and the state of Connecticut obligates itself hereunder only to the extent of three thousand, three hundred thirty-three dollars and thirty-four cents ($3,333.34) in any one year.

ARTICLE XV

1. Should any part of this compact be held to be contrary to the constitution of any signatory state or of the United States, all other severable objects of this compact shall continue to be in full force and effect.

ARTICLE XVI

1. This compact shall become effective as to the state of New Jersey and the state of New York immediately upon the signing thereof by the representatives of such states, and thereafter it shall also become effective as to the state of Connecticut immediately upon the signing thereof by the representatives of such state; provided, however, that prior to the signing of this compact by the representatives of the state of Connecticut the district as set forth in Article II shall not embrace any territory within the jurisdiction of the state of Connecticut, nor shall the commission exercise any jurisdiction or perform any duties or acts affecting such territory; and the appropriations for salaries, office and other administrative expenses shall be borne equally by the state of New York and the state of New Jersey.

2. Nothing herein contained shall affect or abate any action now pending brought by any governmental board or body created by or existing under any of the signatory states.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22a-616 — Connecticut Code / Title 22a / Chapter 446m / Section 22a-616
Sec. 22a-616. Ban on sale or distribution of mercury-added novelties, mercury fever thermometers, mercury dairy manometers and mercury button cell batteries. Restriction on use of mercury amalgam.
Status: in_force

(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of section 22a-617 , on and after January 1, 2003, no person shall offer for sale or distribute for promotional purposes mercury fever thermometers except by prescription written by a physician, a physician assistant or an advanced practice registered nurse. A manufacturer of mercury fever thermometers shall provide the buyer or the recipient with notice of mercury content, instructions on proper disposal and instructions that clearly describe how to carefully handle the thermometer to avoid breakage and on proper cleanup should a breakage occur.

(c) Notwithstanding the provisions of section 22a-617 , on and after July 1, 2003, no person shall offer for sale or distribute for promotional purposes mercury dairy manometers. A manufacturer that produces or sells mercury dairy manometers shall notify retailers about the provisions of this subsection and how to dispose of the remaining inventory properly in accordance with this title. The Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection, in consultation with the Commissioner of Agriculture, shall examine the feasibility of implementing a collection and replacement program for dairy manometers, and shall implement such a program within available appropriations.

(d) On and after July 1, 2003, no vocational dental education or training school shall use mercury amalgam unless such school has developed and implemented a plan approved by the commissioner that assures best management practices are used to prevent discharge of mercury into the waters of the state, any pollution abatement facility or subsurface sewage disposal system, and to properly handle and recycle or dispose of waste elemental mercury and amalgam. Such plan shall provide for an education program for students regarding the hazards of mercury and best management practices.

(e) Notwithstanding the provisions of section 22a-617 , on and after July 1, 2011, no person shall offer for sale or distribute for promotional purposes button cell batteries containing mercury or any product containing such batteries, except: (1) A battery containing mercury described as an Hg-silver oxide battery that is used exclusively in a medical device to automatically deliver insulin to a person may be sold or distributed for promotional purposes until January 1, 2015; and (2) silver oxide batteries and any product containing silver oxide batteries may be offered for sale or distributed for promotional purposes until July 1, 2012. A manufacturer that produces or sells button cell batteries containing mercury or any product containing such batteries shall notify retailers about the provisions of this subsection and how to dispose of the remaining inventory property, except a battery containing mercury described as an Hg-silver oxide battery that is used exclusively in a medical device to automatically deliver insulin to a person and silver oxide batteries and any product containing silver oxide batteries, in accordance with this title.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22a-284a — Connecticut Code / Title 22a / Chapter 446e / Section 22a-284a
Sec. 22a-284a. (Note: This section is repealed, effective July 1, 2025.) MIRA Dissolution Authority. Established.
Status: in_force

(b) Wherever the words “Materials Innovation and Recycling Authority” are used in any public or special act of 2023 or in the following sections, the words “MIRA Dissolution Authority” shall be substituted in lieu thereof: 1-79 , 1-120 , 1-124 , 1-125 , 7-329a , 12-412 , 12-459 , 16-1 , 16-245 , 16-245b , 22a-208a , 22a-208v , 22a-209h , 22a-219b , 22a-220 , 22a-241 , 22a-260 , 22a-263a , 22a-263b , 22a-268a , 22a-268b , 22a-268g , 22a-270a , 22a-272a , 22a-282 , 22a-283 , 22a-284 , 32-1e and 32-658 .

(c) The Legislative Commissioners' Office shall, in codifying the provisions of this section, make such conforming, technical, grammatical and punctuation changes as are necessary to carry out the purposes of this section.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22a-6ii — Connecticut Code / Title 22a / Chapter 439 / Section 22a-6ii
Sec. 22a-6ii. Climate Resiliency Revolving Loan Fund. Program to provide low interest loans for infrastructure repairs and resiliency projects.
Status: in_force

(b) The Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection shall establish a program to provide low interest loans from the fund established in subsection (a) of this section to municipalities and private entities for infrastructure repairs and resiliency projects in response to unplanned climate events. Such repairs and projects may not include rehousing or temporary assistance costs. The commissioner shall develop eligibility criteria and application forms to be used in selecting among applicants for such loans. On and after October 1, 2024, the commissioner, or any program administrator the commissioner may designate, shall accept applications from any municipality or private entity for such loans.

(c) On or before January 1, 2025, and annually thereafter, the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection shall file a report, in accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a , with the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to the environment regarding the status of the program, including information on the number of loans issued, the individual amount of each loan and the total amount of loans issued and any recommendations for legislation related to the program.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22a-42 — Connecticut Code / Title 22a / Chapter 440 / Section 22a-42
Sec. 22a-42. Municipal regulation of wetlands and watercourses. Action by commissioner.
Status: in_force

(b) Any municipality may acquire wetlands and watercourses within its territorial limits by gift or purchase, in fee or lesser interest including, but not limited to, lease, easement or covenant, subject to such reservations and exceptions as it deems advisable.

(c) On or before July 1, 1988, each municipality shall establish an inland wetlands agency or authorize an existing board or commission to carry out the provisions of sections 22a-36 to 22a-45 , inclusive. Each municipality, acting through its legislative body, may authorize any board or commission, as may be by law authorized to act, or may establish a new board or commission to promulgate such regulations, in conformity with the regulations adopted by the commissioner pursuant to section 22a-39 , as are necessary to protect the wetlands and watercourses within its territorial limits. The ordinance establishing the new board or commission shall determine the number of members and alternate members, the length of their terms, the method of selection and removal and the manner for filling vacancies in the new board or commission. No member or alternate member of such board or commission shall participate in the hearing or decision of such board or commission of which he is a member upon any matter in which he is directly or indirectly interested in a personal or financial sense. In the event of such disqualification, such fact shall be entered on the records of such board or commission and replacement shall be made from alternate members of an alternate to act as a member of such commission in the hearing and determination of the particular matter or matters in which the disqualification arose. For the purposes of this section, the board or commission authorized by the municipality or district, as the case may be, shall serve as the sole agent for the licensing of regulated activities.

(d) At least one member of the inland wetlands agency or staff of the agency shall be a person who has completed the comprehensive training program developed by the commissioner pursuant to section 22a-39 . Failure to have a member of the agency or staff with training shall not affect the validity of any action of the agency. The commissioner shall annually make such program available to one person from each town without cost to that person or the town. Each inland wetlands agency shall hold a meeting at least once annually at which information is presented to the members of the agency which summarizes the provisions of the training program. The commissioner shall develop such information in consultation with interested persons affected by the regulation of inland wetlands and shall provide for distribution of video presentations and related written materials which convey such information to inland wetlands agencies. In addition to such materials, the commissioner, in consultation with such persons, shall prepare materials which provide guidance to municipalities in carrying out the provisions of subsection (f) of section 22a-42a .

(e) Any municipality, pursuant to ordinance, may act through the board or commission authorized in subsection (c) of this section to join with any other municipalities in the formation of a district for the regulation of activities affecting the wetlands and watercourses within such district. Any city or borough may delegate its authority to regulate inland wetlands under this section to the town in which it is located.

(f) Municipal or district ordinances or regulations may embody any regulations promulgated hereunder, in whole or in part, or may consist of other ordinances or regulations in conformity with regulations promulgated hereunder. Any ordinances or regulations shall be for the purpose of effectuating the purposes of sections 22a-36 to 22a-45 , inclusive, and, a municipality or district, in acting upon ordinances and regulations shall incorporate the factors set forth in section 22a-41 .

(g) Nothing contained in this section shall be construed to limit the existing authority of a municipality or any boards or commissions of the municipality, provided the commissioner shall retain authority to act on any application filed with said commissioner prior to the establishment or designation of an inland wetlands agency by a municipality.

Cited. 179 C. 250; 180 C. 421; Id., 692; 183 C. 532; 186 C. 67; 192 C. 247; 193 C. 414; 196 C. 218; 203 C. 525; 209 C. 544; Id., 652; 211 C. 416; 212 C. 710; Id., 727; 213 C. 604; 216 C. 320; 217 C. 164; 218 C. 703; 219 C. 404; 220 C. 362; Id., 476; 222 C. 98; 226 C. 579; 228 C. 95; 229 C. 247; Id., 627; Id., 654; 231 C. 451; 242 C. 335.

Cited. 4 CA 271; 5 CA 70; 6 CA 715; 12 CA 47; 15 CA 336; 18 CA 440; 19 CA 713; 20 CA 309; 26 CA 564; 27 CA 590; 28 CA 780; 29 CA 12; Id., 105; 30 CA 85; 31 CA 105; Id., 599; judgment reversed, see 229 C. 627; Id., 643; 32 CA 799; 34 CA 385; 36 CA 270; 37 CA 166.

Cited. 35 CS 145; 36 CS 1; 41 CS 444; 42 CS 57.

Subsec. (c):

Cited. 24 CA 708. Disqualification applies to ex officio members. 50 CA 548. Defendant board of zoning appeals had subject matter jurisdiction over petition for a variance from town zoning regulations for construction in close proximity to inland wetlands. 149 CA 115.

Cited. 43 CS 373. Once a municipality has established an agency to regulate activities affecting wetlands and watercourses within its territorial limits in accordance with section, such agency is not subject to interference by municipality's legislative body; Inland Wetlands and Watercourses Act requires that agency created pursuant to the act be sole agent for licensing of regulated activities in the municipality. 49 CS 188.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22a-381e — Connecticut Code / Title 22a / Chapter 446i / Section 22a-381e
Sec. 22a-381e. Prohibited actions re running bamboo. Disclosure statement. Penalties. Enforcement. Running bamboo as nuisance.
Status: in_force

(b) No person who plants running bamboo or who allows running bamboo to be planted on his or her property shall permit such bamboo to grow beyond the boundaries of his or her property. On and after October 1, 2013, any person who violates the provisions of this subsection shall be liable for any damages caused to any neighboring property by such bamboo, including, but not limited to, the cost of removal of any running bamboo that grew beyond the boundaries of his or her property.

(c) No person shall plant running bamboo or allow running bamboo to be planted on his or her property at a location that is forty feet or less from any abutting property or public right-of-way. Any person who violates the provisions of this subsection shall be fined one hundred dollars. In the case of a continuing violation, each day of continuance shall be deemed a separate and distinct offense until such time as such bamboo is removed.

(d) Each retail seller or installer of running bamboo shall provide to each customer who purchases running bamboo from such seller or installer a statement that discloses that running bamboo is a fast growing plant that may spread if not properly contained and a plain language summary of the provisions contained in subsections (b) and (c) of this section. Such statement shall also provide recommendations, based on best available information, on how to properly contain running bamboo. Any retail seller or installer of running bamboo who violates the provisions of this subsection shall be fined one hundred dollars for each plant sold in violation of this section.

(e) The Department of Energy and Environmental Protection, any duly authorized municipal constable, municipal tree warden, zoning enforcement officer or inland wetlands and watercourses enforcement officer may enforce the provisions of subsections (c) and (d) of this section.

(f) Allowing running bamboo to grow beyond the boundaries of a parcel of property that a person owns shall be deemed to be a nuisance.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22a-57 — Connecticut Code / Title 22a / Chapter 441 / Section 22a-57
Sec. 22a-57. Restrictions on sale of pesticides.
Status: in_force

(b) No person shall distribute, sell or offer for sale any permit use pesticide to any person unless that person has a permit issued in accordance with the provisions of this part, subsection (a) of section 23-61a or section 23-61b , or to a seller registered under section 22a-56 .

(c) The provisions of this section shall apply to all persons who distribute, sell or offer for sale restricted and permit use pesticides for use in the state of Connecticut.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22-323a — Connecticut Code / Title 22 / Chapter 434 / Section 22-323a
Sec. 22-323a. Intensive poultry farming. Regulations. Inspection for noncompliance.
Status: in_force

(b) The Commissioner of Agriculture may inspect or cause to be inspected by his agents any intensive poultry operation for compliance with the regulations adopted under subsection (a) of this section. He may issue orders as he deems necessary for the correction of such noncompliance including the quarantine of premises and fowl.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22a-905 — Connecticut Code / Title 22a / Chapter 446z / Section 22a-905
Sec. 22a-905. Mattress stewardship program: Definitions.
Status: in_force

(1) “Brand” means a name, symbol, word or mark that attributes a mattress to the producer of such mattress;

(2) “Commissioner” means the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection;

(3) “Covered entity” means any political subdivision of the state, mattress retailer, permitted transfer station, waste-to-energy facility, health care facility, educational facility, correctional facility, military base or commercial or nonprofit lodging establishment that possesses a discarded mattress that was discarded in this state. “Covered entity” does not include any renovator, refurbisher or any person who only transports a discarded mattress;

(4) “Department” means the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection;

(5) “Discarded mattress” means any mattress that a consumer discarded, intends to discard or abandoned;

(6) “Energy recovery” means the process by which all or a portion of solid waste materials are processed or combusted in order to utilize the heat content or other forms of energy derived from such solid waste materials;

(7) “Foundation” means any ticking-covered structure that is used to support a mattress and that is composed of one or more of the following: A constructed frame, foam or a box spring. “Foundation” does not include any bed frame or base made of wood, metal or other material that rests upon the floor and that serves as a brace for a mattress;

(8) “Mattress” means any resilient material or combination of materials that is enclosed by a ticking, that is used alone or in combination with other products, and that is intended for or promoted for sleeping upon. “Mattress” includes any foundation, renovated foundation or renovated mattress. “Mattress” does not include any of the following: (A) An unattached mattress pad, an unattached mattress topper, including any item with resilient filling, with or without ticking, that is intended to be used with or on top of a mattress, (B) a sleeping bag or pillow, (C) a car bed, (D) juvenile products, including a carriage, basket, dressing table, stroller, playpen, infant carrier, lounge pad, crib bumper and any pad for such juvenile product, (E) a product that contains liquid or gaseous filled ticking, including any water bed or any air mattress that does not contain upholstery material between the ticking and the mattress core, or (F) any upholstered furniture that does not otherwise contain a detachable mattress, including, but not limited to, a fold-out sofa bed or a futon;

(9) “Mattress core” means the principal support system that is present in a mattress, including, but not limited to, springs, foam, air bladder, water bladder or resilient filling;

(10) “Mattress recycling council” or “council” means the nonprofit organization created by producers or created by any trade association that represents producers who account for a majority of mattress production in the United States to design, submit and implement the mattress stewardship program described in section 22a-905a ;

(11) “Mattress stewardship fee” means the amount added to the purchase price of a mattress sold in this state that is necessary to cover the cost of collecting, transporting and processing discarded mattresses by the council pursuant to the mattress stewardship program;

(12) “Mattress stewardship program” or “program” means the state-wide program described in section 22a-905a and implemented pursuant to the mattress stewardship plan;

(13) “Mattress topper” means any item that contains resilient filling, with or without ticking, that is intended to be used with or on top of a mattress;

(14) “Performance goal” means a metric proposed by the council to measure, on an annual basis, the performance of the mattress stewardship program, taking into consideration technical and economic feasibilities, in achieving continuous, meaningful improvement in improving the rate of mattress recycling in the state and any other specified goal of the program;

(15) “Producer” means any person who manufactures or renovates a mattress that is sold, offered for sale or distributed in the state under the producer's own name or brand. “Producer” includes (A) the owner of a trademark or brand under which a mattress is sold, offered for sale or distributed in this state, whether or not such trademark or brand is registered in this state, and (B) any person who imports a mattress into the United States that is sold or offered for sale in this state and that is manufactured or renovated by a person who does not have a presence in the United States;

(16) “Recycling” means any process in which discarded mattresses, components and by-products may lose their original identity or form as they are transformed into new, usable or marketable materials. “Recycling” does not include the use of incineration for energy recovery;

(17) “Renovate” or “renovation” means altering a mattress for the purpose of resale including any one, or a combination of, the following: Replacing the ticking or filling, adding additional filling, or replacing components with new or recycled materials. “Renovate” or “renovation” does not include (A) the stripping of a mattress of its ticking or filling without adding new material, (B) the sanitization or sterilization of a mattress without otherwise altering the mattress, or (C) the altering of a mattress by a renovator when a person retains the altered mattress for personal use, in accordance with regulations of the Department of Consumer Protection;

(18) “Renovator” means any person who renovates discarded mattresses for the purpose of reselling such mattresses to consumers;

(19) “Retailer” means any person who sells mattresses in this state or offers mattresses in this state to a consumer;

(20) “Sanitization” means the direct application of chemicals to a mattress to kill human disease-causing pathogens;

(21) “Sale” means the transfer of title of a mattress for consideration, including, but not limited to, the use of a sales outlet, catalog, Internet web site or similar electronic means;

(22) “Sterilization” means the mitigation of any deleterious substances or organisms, including human disease-causing pathogens, fungi and insects from a mattress or filling material using a process approved by the Commissioner of Consumer Protection;

(23) “Ticking” means the outermost layer of fabric or material of a mattress. “Ticking” does not include any layer of fabric or material quilted together with, or otherwise attached to, the outermost layer of fabric or material of a mattress; and

(24) “Upholstery material” means all material, loose or attached, between the ticking and the core of a mattress.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22a-133k — Connecticut Code / Title 22a / Chapter 445 / Section 22a-133k
Sec. 22a-133k. Regulations establishing standards for the remediation of hazardous waste sites and for review and approval of final remedial action reports.
Status: in_force

(b) The commissioner may establish, by regulations adopted in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, a program for expediting the review and approval of reports on final remedial actions concerning sites subject to section 22a-134 or sites which, as of July 3, 1989, were on the inventory of hazardous waste disposal sites maintained pursuant to section 22a-133c provided such reports are not submitted pursuant to an order, consent order or stipulated judgment. The commissioner may retain consultants as necessary to accomplish such expedited review and may require the payment of a fee, as provided for in said regulations to cover the reasonable cost of performing the expedited review and approval of final remediation reports pursuant to this subsection, including the cost of any consultant retained by the commissioner to perform such work.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22a-221 — Connecticut Code / Title 22a / Chapter 446d / Section 22a-221
Sec. 22a-221. (Formerly Sec. 19-524o). Contracts with regard to solid waste management.
Status: in_force

(b) Any municipality or two or more municipalities may enter into a contract for the long-term provision of solid waste disposal services. The contract may include, but not be limited to, (1) the furnishing of municipal solid waste for disposal and (2) payment of a fee or other charge based on a per cent of actual or projected tonnage of solid waste delivered at a solid waste facility. The contract may require payments to be made if services are not provided, except that no payment shall be made after all debt issued by any of the parties for development and construction of a solid waste facility has been provided for or paid. The contract shall be binding on a municipality for the full term of such contract and a municipality shall be obligated to annually appropriate funds or levy taxes to pay its obligations under such contract.

(c) Any such contract may authorize the creation of a committee consisting of representatives of any municipality that is a party to the contract. Such contract shall set forth the method of appointment and duties of members of the committee.

(d) The obligation of a municipality to make payments under a contract shall not constitute bonded indebtedness for the purposes of subsection (b) of section 7-374 or under any charter provision limiting the amount of indebtedness of the municipality or the manner in which such indebtedness is authorized. Any such contract shall be valid, binding and enforceable against the municipality if it is approved by the legislative body of the municipality, as defined in subsection (m) of section 1-1 . A referendum shall not be required except as provided by section 7-7 .

(e) Any such contract may require or authorize the payment by a municipality of the obligation of another municipality failing to make a payment. The municipality making such payment may bring an action against the defaulting municipality to recover the amounts paid and expenses and costs incurred in such action.

Cited. 17 CA 17; judgment reversed, see 212 C. 570.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22a-437 — Connecticut Code / Title 22a / Chapter 446k / Section 22a-437
Sec. 22a-437. (Formerly Sec. 25-54p). Appeal.
Status: in_force

(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of any other statute to the contrary, any appeal by a person or municipality aggrieved by an order of the commissioner to abate pollution, other than an order under section 22a-6b , or by a decision under subsection (b) of section 22a-430 , shall be pursuant to this section.

Annotations to former section 25-54p:

Cited. 170 C. 29; 180 C. 568.

Annotations to present section:

Cited. 217 C. 130; 226 C. 358; 236 C. 722; 237 C. 135.

Cited. 21 CA 91.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22a-409 — Connecticut Code / Title 22a / Chapter 446j / Section 22a-409
Sec. 22a-409. (Formerly Sec. 25-118). Survey and maps. Owners recording on land records. Standardized form. Registration of dams and similar structures. Inspection of dams by owner or commissioner. Notice for inspection.
Status: in_force

(b) The owner of any dam or similar structure that, by failing, may endanger life or property and that is not already registered shall register on or before October 1, 2015, with the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection on a form prescribed by the commissioner, the location and dimensions of such dam or structure and such other information as the commissioner may require. Any information reported on such form that the commissioner cannot otherwise independently obtain shall not be used by the commissioner to order the payment of a civil penalty pursuant to section 22a-6d or 22a-407 provided such form is submitted to the commissioner on or before October 1, 2015. The fee for registration shall be as follows: (1) Dams or similar structures five feet or more in height but less than fifteen feet, fifty dollars; (2) dams or similar structures fifteen feet or more in height but less than twenty-five feet, one hundred dollars; and (3) dams or similar structures twenty-five feet or more in height, two hundred dollars. Dams or similar structures less than five feet in height shall be registered without fee. As used in this subsection, “height” means the vertical distance from the crest of a dam or similar structure to the downstream toe of such dam or similar structure. The owner of any dam or similar structure shall notify the commissioner by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, of a transfer of ownership of such dam or similar structure not later than ten days after the date of such transfer.

(c) The commissioner shall notify the owner of any dam or similar structure registered pursuant to subsection (b) of this section, in writing, by certified mail, return receipt requested, not later than January fifteenth of any year in which inspection of such dam is due. Such notice shall identify the classification of such dam, as set forth in the regulations adopted pursuant to this subsection, and include a statement of the frequency for such inspection, as set forth in such regulations. Upon receipt of such timely notification by the commissioner, the owner of any such dam or similar structure shall cause such structure to be inspected in accordance with the regulations adopted pursuant to this subsection by a registered professional engineer licensed in the state and shall, not later than March fifteenth of the following year, submit the results of such inspection to the commissioner on a form prescribed by the commissioner. The commissioner shall periodically inspect dams registered pursuant to subsection (b) of this section for quality assurance when an owner fails to undertake a regularly scheduled inspection and as necessary after a flood event. The fee for any such inspection shall be six hundred sixty dollars until such time as regulations are adopted concerning such inspection fees. Any dam which impounds less than three acre-feet of water or any dam which the commissioner finds has a potential for negligible damage in the event of a failure, after an initial inspection, shall be exempt from the provisions of this subsection except upon determination by the commissioner that such dam poses a unique hazard. The commissioner shall adopt regulations in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54 establishing (1) a schedule for the frequency of and procedures for inspection of dams, (2) the inspection fees for inspections undertaken by the department, sufficient to cover the reasonable cost of such inspections, (3) procedures for registration and criteria for waiver of registration and inspection fees, and (4) criteria for determining whether a dam has a potential for negligible damage in the event of a failure.

See Sec. 22a-27i re exemption of municipality for one year.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22a-401 — Connecticut Code / Title 22a / Chapter 446j / Section 22a-401
Sec. 22a-401. (Formerly Sec. 25-110). Powers and duties of commissioner.
Status: in_force

See Sec. 13a-175j re repair of dams.

Annotations to former section 25-110:

Cited. 183 C. 481.

Cited. 23 CS 90.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22a-260a — Connecticut Code / Title 22a / Chapter 446e / Section 22a-260a
Sec. 22a-260a. (Note: This section is repealed, effective July 1, 2025.) Materials Innovation and Recycling Authority. Successor to Connecticut Resources Recovery Authority.
Status: in_force

(b) Wherever the words “Connecticut Resources Recovery Authority” are used in any public or special act of 2014 or in the following sections of the general statutes, the words “Materials Innovation and Recycling Authority” shall be substituted in lieu thereof: 1-79 , 1-120 , 1-124 , 1-125 , 7-329a , 12-412 , 12-459 , 16-1 , 16-245 , 16-245b , 22a-208a , 22a-208v , 22a-209h , 22a-219b , 22a-220 , 22a-241 , 22a-260 , 22a-261 , 22a-263a , 22a-263b , 22a-268a , 22a-268b , 22a-270a , 22a-272a , 22a-282 , 22a-283 , 22a-284 , 32-1e and 32-658 .

(c) The Legislative Commissioners' Office shall, in codifying the provisions of this section, make such conforming, technical, grammatical and punctuation changes as are necessary to carry out the purposes of this section.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22a-158c — Connecticut Code / Title 22a / Chapter 446a / Section 22a-158c
Sec. 22a-158c. Criminally negligent violations. Knowingly making false statements. Fines. Imprisonment. Subsequent convictions.
Status: in_force

(b) Any person who knowingly makes any false statement, representation or certification in any application, registration, notification or other document filed or required to be maintained pursuant to this chapter shall be fined not more than fifty thousand dollars per day for each day of violation or be imprisoned not more than three years, or both. A subsequent conviction for any such violation shall carry a fine of not more than fifty thousand dollars per day for each day of violation or imprisonment for not more than ten years, or both.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22a-74 — Connecticut Code / Title 22a / Chapter 442 / Section 22a-74
Sec. 22a-74. Prohibited acts.
Status: in_force

(a) Violate or fail to comply with this chapter or any regulation adopted pursuant thereto, or the terms or conditions of any permit, variance or order issued pursuant to this chapter or pursuant to any regulation adopted hereunder.

(b) Hinder or interfere with by force or otherwise, the performance by the commissioner or by any duly authorized agent or employee of the department or their assistants, of any duty of said commissioner or such agent or employee under the provisions of this chapter.

(c) On any property or premises owned or leased by such person, allow the creation, continuance or maintenance of any noise, or allow the installation, use or operation of any stationary noise source, which violates or fails to comply with this chapter, or any regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter, or the terms or conditions of any permit, variance or order issued pursuant to this chapter or pursuant to any regulation adopted hereunder.

(d) Intentionally remove or render inoperable, other than for purposes of normal maintenance, repair or replacement, any device or element of design installed into any stationary noise source to achieve compliance with the provisions of this chapter, or to use or operate after such device or element of design has been removed or rendered inoperable with knowledge of such removal or of such rendering inoperable of such device or element of design.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22a-174g — Connecticut Code / Title 22a / Chapter 446c / Section 22a-174g
Sec. 22a-174g. California motor vehicle emissions standards.
Status: in_force

(b) As part of the state's implementation plan under the federal Clean Air Act, the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection may establish a program to allow the sale, purchase and use of motor vehicles which comply with any regulations adopted by the commissioner which implement the California motor vehicles emissions standards for purposes of generating any emission reduction credits under said act. Nothing in this section shall prohibit the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection from establishing a program to require the sale, purchase and use of motor vehicles which comply with any regulations adopted by the commissioner which implement the California motor vehicle emissions standards.

(c) The Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection may adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, to implement the medium and heavy-duty motor vehicle standards of the state of California. If the commissioner adopts such regulations, the commissioner shall amend such regulations from time to time, in accordance with changes to such standards. Such regulations may incorporate by reference the California motor vehicle standards established in final regulations issued by the California Air Resources Board pursuant to Title 13 of the California Code of Regulations and promulgated under the authority of Division 26 of the California Health and Safety Code, as may be amended from time to time.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22-359a — Connecticut Code / Title 22 / Chapter 435 / Section 22-359a
Sec. 22-359a. Clinic for vaccination against rabies.
Status: in_force

(b) The town clerk, municipal animal control officer of the municipality or regional animal control officer may make provisions for the licensing of dogs vaccinated at an antirabies clinic at the time of vaccination.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22-326d — Connecticut Code / Title 22 / Chapter 434 / Section 22-326d
Sec. 22-326d. Orders re environmental or health hazards at intensive poultry operations. Subsequent hearing.
Status: in_force

(b) The commissioner, within available funds, may incur expenditures or contract with any person to discontinue, abate or alleviate the condition or activity.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22a-11 — Connecticut Code / Title 22a / Chapter 439 / Section 22a-11
Sec. 22a-11. Council on Environmental Quality.
Status: in_force

See Sec. 4-38f for definition of “administrative purposes only”.

Cited. 204 C. 38; Id., 212.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22-351 — Connecticut Code / Title 22 / Chapter 435 / Section 22-351
Sec. 22-351. Theft, killing or injuring of companion animal. Penalty. Liability.
Status: in_force

(b) Any person who violates the provisions of subsection (a) of this section shall be liable to the owner in a civil action, except that, if such person intentionally kills or injures any companion animal, such person shall be liable to the owner in a civil action as provided in section 22-351a .

See Sec. 14-226 re requirement that operator of vehicle causing injury to or death of dog shall report the injury or death.

Under previous law, no recovery could be had for negligently killing unregistered dog; early legislation reviewed. 79 C. 427. Action is in tort; statute need not be counted on. 80 C. 434. That dog killed did not wear tag is no defense; various matters as to kennel license considered. 84 C. 640. Effect of mistake of town clerk in registering dog in name of wrong person. 100 C. 128. To “unlawfully” kill, etc., means conduct which is wilful or so wanton as to be equivalent thereto. 127 C. 690. Cited. 139 C. 624.

Owner of unregistered dog may recover at common law for its wanton and wilful killing. 18 CS 53.

“Unlawfully” refers to conduct that is wilful or at least so wanton as to be equivalent thereto. 2 Conn. Cir. Ct. 466.