Conn. Gen. Stat. § 10-153f — Connecticut Code / Title 10 / Chapter 166 / Section 10-153f
Sec. 10-153f. Mediation and arbitration of disagreements.
Status: in_force

(b) If any local or regional board of education cannot agree with the exclusive representatives of a teachers' or administrators' unit after negotiation concerning the terms and conditions of employment applicable to the employees in such unit, either party may submit the issues to the commissioner for mediation. On the one hundred sixtieth day prior to the budget submission date, the commissioner shall order the parties to report their settlement. If, on such one hundred sixtieth day, the parties have not reached agreement and have failed to initiate mediation, the commissioner shall order the parties to notify the commissioner of the name of a mutually selected mediator and to commence mediation. The commissioner may order the parties to appear before said commissioner during the mediation period. In either case, the parties shall meet with a mediator mutually selected by them, provided such parties shall inform the commissioner of the name of such mediator, or with the commissioner or the commissioner's agents or a mediator designated by said commissioner. Mediators shall be chosen from a panel of mediators selected by the State Board of Education or from outside such panel if mutually agreed by the parties. Such mediators shall receive a per diem fee determined on the basis of the prevailing rate for such services, and the parties shall share equally in the cost of such mediation. In any civil or criminal case, any proceeding preliminary thereto, or in any legislative or administrative proceeding, a mediator shall not disclose any confidential communication made to such mediator in the course of mediation unless the party making such communication waives such privilege. The parties shall provide such information as the commissioner may require. The commissioner may recommend a basis for settlement but such recommendations shall not be binding upon the parties. Such recommendation shall be made within twenty-five days after the day on which mediation begins.

(c) (1) On the fourth day next following the end of the mediation session or on the one hundred thirty-fifth day prior to the budget submission date, whichever is sooner, the commissioner shall order the parties to report their settlement of the dispute or, if there is no settlement, to notify the commissioner of either their agreement to submit their dispute to a single arbitrator or the name of the arbitrator selected by each of them. Within five days of providing such notice, the parties shall notify the commissioner of the name of the arbitrator if there is an agreement on a single arbitrator appointed to the panel pursuant to subdivision (3) of subsection (a) of this section or agreement on the third arbitrator appointed to the panel pursuant to said subdivision. The commissioner may order the parties to appear before said commissioner during the arbitration period. If the parties have notified the commissioner of their agreement to submit their dispute to a single arbitrator and they have not agreed on such arbitrator, within five days after such notification, the commissioner shall select such single arbitrator who shall be an impartial representative of the interests of the public in general. If each party has notified the commissioner of the name of the arbitrator it has selected and the parties have not agreed on the third arbitrator, within five days after such notification, the commissioner shall select a third arbitrator, who shall be an impartial representative of the interests of the public in general. If either party fails to notify the commissioner of the name of an arbitrator, the commissioner shall select an arbitrator to serve and the commissioner shall also select a third arbitrator who shall be an impartial representative of the interests of the public in general. Any selection pursuant to this section by the commissioner of an impartial arbitrator shall be made at random from among the members appointed under subdivision (3) of subsection (a) of this section. Arbitrators shall be selected from the panel appointed pursuant to subsection (a) of this section and shall receive a per diem fee determined on the basis of the prevailing rate for such services. Whenever a panel of three arbitrators is selected, the chairperson of such panel shall be the impartial representative of the interests of the public in general.

(2) The chairperson of the arbitration panel or the single arbitrator shall set the date, time and place for a hearing to be held in the school district between the fifth and twelfth day, inclusive, after such chairperson or such single arbitrator is selected. At least five days prior to such hearing, a written notice of the date, time and place of the hearing shall be sent to the board of education and the representative organization which are parties to the dispute, and, if a three-member arbitration panel is selected or designated, to the other members of such panel. Such written notice shall also be sent, by registered mail, return receipt requested, to the fiscal authority having budgetary responsibility or charged with making appropriations for the school district, and a representative designated by such body may be heard at the hearing as part of the presentation and participation of the board of education. At the hearing each party shall have full opportunity to submit all relevant evidence, to introduce relevant documents and written material and to argue on behalf of its positions. At the hearing a representative of the fiscal authority having budgetary responsibility or charged with making appropriations for the school district shall be heard regarding the financial capability of the school district, unless such opportunity to be heard is waived by the fiscal authority. The nonappearance of the representative shall constitute a waiver of the opportunity to be heard unless there is a showing that proper notice was not given to the fiscal authority. The chairperson of the arbitration panel or the single arbitrator shall preside over such hearing.

(3) The hearing may, at the discretion of the arbitration panel or the single arbitrator, be continued but in any event shall be concluded within twenty-five days after its commencement.

(4) After hearing all the issues, the arbitrators or the single arbitrator shall, within twenty days, render a decision in writing, signed by a majority of the arbitrators or the single arbitrator, which states in detail the nature of the decision and the disposition of the issues by the arbitrators or the single arbitrator. The written decision shall include a narrative explaining the evaluation by the arbitrators or the single arbitrator of the evidence presented for each item upon which a decision was rendered by the arbitrators or the single arbitrator and shall state with particularity the basis for the decision as to each disputed issue and the manner in which the factors enumerated in this subdivision were considered in arriving at such decision, including, where applicable, the specific similar groups and conditions of employment presented for comparison and accepted by the arbitrators or the single arbitrator and the reason for such acceptance. The arbitrators or the single arbitrator shall file one copy of the decision with the commissioner, each town clerk in the school district involved, the legislative body or bodies of the town or towns for the school district involved, or, in the case of a town for which the legislative body of the town is a town meeting or representative town meeting, to the board of selectmen, and the board of education and organization which are parties to the dispute. The decision of the arbitrators or the single arbitrator shall be final and binding upon the parties to the dispute unless a rejection is filed in accordance with subdivision (7) of this subsection. The decision of the arbitrators or the single arbitrator shall incorporate those items of agreement the parties have reached prior to its issuance. At any time prior to the issuance of a decision by the arbitrators or the single arbitrator, the parties may jointly file with the arbitrators or the single arbitrator, any stipulations setting forth contract provisions which both parties agree to accept. In arriving at a decision, the arbitrators or the single arbitrator shall give priority to the public interest and the financial capability of the town or towns in the school district, including consideration of other demands on the financial capability of the town or towns in the school district. In assessing the financial capability of the town or towns, there shall be an irrebuttable presumption that a budget reserve of five per cent or less is not available for payment of the cost of any item subject to arbitration under this chapter. The arbitrators or the single arbitrator shall further consider, in light of such financial capability, the following factors: (A) The negotiations between the parties prior to arbitration, including the offers and the range of discussion of the issues; (B) the interests and welfare of the employee group; (C) changes in the cost of living averaged over the preceding three years; (D) the existing conditions of employment of the employee group and those of similar groups; and (E) the salaries, fringe benefits, and other conditions of employment prevailing in the state labor market, including the terms of recent contract settlements or awards in collective bargaining for other municipal employee organizations and developments in private sector wages and benefits. The parties shall submit to the arbitrators or the single arbitrator their respective positions on each individual issue in dispute between them in the form of a last best offer. The arbitrators or the single arbitrator shall resolve separately each individual disputed issue by accepting the last best offer thereon of either of the parties, and shall incorporate in a decision each such accepted individual last best offer and an explanation of how the total cost of all offers accepted was considered. The award of the arbitrators or the single arbitrator shall not be subject to rejection by referendum. The parties shall each pay the fee of the arbitrator selected by or for them and share equally the fee of the third arbitrator or the single arbitrator and all other costs incidental to the arbitration.

(5) The commissioner shall assist the arbitration panel or the single arbitrator as may be required in the course of arbitration pursuant to this section.

(6) If the day for filing any document required pursuant to this section falls on Saturday, Sunday or a holiday, the time for such filing shall be extended to the next business day thereafter.

(7) The award of the arbitrators or single arbitrator may be rejected by the legislative body of the local school district or, in the case of a regional school district, by the legislative bodies of the participating towns. Such rejection shall be by a two-thirds majority vote of the members of such legislative body or, in the case of a regional school district, the legislative body of each participating town, present at a regular or special meeting called and convened for such purpose within twenty-five days of the receipt of the award. If the legislative body or legislative bodies, as appropriate, reject any such award, they shall notify, within ten days after the vote to reject, the commissioner and the exclusive representative for the teachers' or administrators' unit of such vote and submit to them a written explanation of the reasons for the vote. Within ten days after receipt of such notice, the exclusive representative of the teachers' or administrators' unit shall prepare, and the board of education may prepare, a written response to such rejection and shall submit it to such legislative body or legislative bodies, as appropriate, and the commissioner. Within ten days after the commissioner has been notified of the vote to reject, (A) the commissioner shall select a review panel of three arbitrators or, if the parties agree, a single arbitrator, who are residents of Connecticut and labor relations arbitrators approved by the American Arbitration Association and not members of the panel who issued the rejected award, and (B) such arbitrators or single arbitrator shall review the decision on each rejected issue. The review conducted pursuant to this subdivision shall be limited to the record and briefs of the hearing pursuant to subdivision (2) of this subsection, the written explanation of the reasons for the vote and a written response by either party. In conducting such review, the arbitrators or single arbitrator shall be limited to consideration of the criteria set forth in subdivision (4) of this subsection. Such review shall be completed within twenty days of the appointment of the arbitrators or single arbitrator. The arbitrators or single arbitrator shall accept the last best offer of either of the parties. Within five days after the completion of such review, the arbitrators or single arbitrator shall render a final and binding award with respect to each rejected issue. The decision of the arbitrators or single arbitrator shall be in writing and shall include the specific reasons and standards used by each arbitrator in making his decision on each issue. The decision shall be filed with the parties. The reasonable costs of the arbitrators or single arbitrator and the cost of the transcript shall be paid by the legislative body or legislative bodies, as appropriate. Where the legislative body of the school district is the town meeting, the board of selectmen shall have all of the authority and responsibilities required of and granted to the legislative body under this subdivision.

(8) The decision of the arbitrators or a single arbitrator shall be subject to judicial review upon the filing by a party to the arbitration, within thirty days following receipt of a final decision pursuant to subdivision (4) or (7), as appropriate, of a motion to vacate or modify such decision in the superior court for the judicial district wherein the school district involved is located. The superior court, after hearing, may vacate or modify the decision if substantial rights of a party have been prejudiced because such decision is: (A) In violation of constitutional or statutory provisions; (B) in excess of the statutory authority of the panel; (C) made upon unlawful procedure; (D) affected by other error of law; (E) clearly erroneous in view of the reliable, probative and substantial evidence on the whole record; or (F) arbitrary or capricious or characterized by abuse of discretion or clearly unwarranted exercise of discretion. In any action brought pursuant to this subdivision to vacate or modify the decision of the arbitrators or single arbitrator, reasonable attorney's fees, costs and legal interest on salary withheld as the result of an appeal of said decision may be awarded in accordance with the following: Where the board of education moves to vacate or modify the decision and the decision is not vacated or modified, the court may award to the organization which is the exclusive representative reasonable attorney's fees, costs and legal interest on salary withheld as the result of an appeal; or, where the organization which is the exclusive representative moves to vacate or modify the decision and the decision is not vacated or modified, the court may award to the board of education reasonable attorney's fees, costs and legal interest on salary withheld as the result of an appeal.

(d) The commissioner and the arbitrators or single arbitrator shall have the same powers and duties as the board under section 31-108 for the purposes of mediation or arbitration pursuant to this section, and subsection (c) of section 10-153d , and all provisions in section 31-108 with respect to procedure, jurisdiction of the Superior Court, witnesses and penalties shall apply.

(e) The local or regional board of education and the organization designated or elected as the exclusive representative for the appropriate unit, through designated officials or their representatives, which are parties to a collective bargaining agreement, and which, for the purpose of negotiating with respect to salaries, hours and other conditions of employment, mutually agree to negotiate during the term of the agreement or are ordered to negotiate said agreement by a body of competent jurisdiction, shall notify the commissioner of the date upon which negotiations commenced within five days after said commencement. If the parties are unable to reach settlement twenty-five days after the date of the commencement of negotiations, the parties shall notify the commissioner of the name of a mutually selected mediator and shall conduct mediation pursuant to the provisions of subsection (b) of this section, notwithstanding the mediation time schedule of subsection (b) of this section. On the fourth day next following the end of the mediation session or on the fiftieth day following the date of the commencement of negotiations, whichever is sooner, if no settlement is reached the parties shall commence arbitration pursuant to the provisions of subsections (a), (c) and (d) of this section, notwithstanding the reference to the budget submission date.

(f) The State Board of Education shall adopt regulations pursuant to chapter 54 concerning the method by which names of persons who are impartial representatives of the interests of the public in general are placed on lists submitted by the State Board of Education to the Governor for appointment to the arbitration panel established pursuant to subsection (a) of this section. Such regulations shall include, but not be limited to (1) a description of the composition of the group which screens persons applying to be such impartial representatives, which group shall include representatives of local legislative and fiscal authorities and local and regional boards of education and exclusive bargaining representatives of certified employees, (2) application requirements and procedures and (3) the selection criteria and process, including an evaluation of an applicant's experience in arbitration. Such regulations shall provide for a training program for applicants who lack experience in arbitration but who are otherwise qualified and shall describe the criteria for participation in the training program.

See Sec. 10-153k re applicability of this section to incorporated or endowed high schools or academies.

Cited. 162 C. 393. Secs. 10-153a–10-153j include coverage of teachers employed in summer school programs. 177 C. 68. Since plaintiff was not a proper “party to the arbitration”, he lacked standing to seek judicial review of the arbitration award. 184 C. 116. Cited. 190 C. 235; 197 C. 554; 200 C. 376; 201 C. 685. Arbitration procedure prescribed is limited to negotiations of contracts. 202 C. 492. Cited. 205 C. 116; 206 C. 113; 216 C. 253; 217 C. 110; 234 C. 704; 239 C. 32. Arbitration panel established under section is not required to disclose information re arbitration negotiations because the panel is not a public agency for purposes of the Freedom of Information Act. 314 C. 802.

Cited. 5 CA 253; 23 CA 727; 35 CA 111.

Cited. 27 CS 298. Arbitrators selected under statute are all to be impartial; former school board chairman and personal friend of superintendent of schools cannot serve as impartial member of board. Id., 421. Cited. 30 CS 63; 38 CS 80.

Subsec. (c):

Cited. 238 C. 183. Subdiv. (7) required arbitration review panel to take second look at the evidence in light of the same statutory criteria that arbitration panel or single arbitrator is required to consider which is the essence of a de novo standard of review and the legislative history of statute supports conclusion that review panel properly conducted a de novo review of arbitration panel's award. 259 C. 5. Arbitration award was final, even though it had not been presented to Waterbury board of alderman for review and possible rejection and award was sufficiently specific to satisfy section's finality requirement; judicial review of arbitrators' decision under Teacher Act must be by motion to modify or vacate, filed in Superior Court within 30 days following receipt of final decision; provisions of Teacher Act remain unaffected except to the extent they conflict with S.A. 01-1, which prevails over Teacher Act; S.A. 01-1 reduced 30-day time limit for filing motion to vacate to 15 days; plaintiff was required to file a motion to vacate in order to challenge award. 276 C. 355.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 10-74h — Connecticut Code / Title 10 / Chapter 164 / Section 10-74h
Sec. 10-74h. Innovation schools. Innovation plan. Evaluation. Enrollment.
Status: in_force

(b) (1) An innovation school established under this section shall operate according to an innovation plan. Such plan shall articulate the areas of autonomy and flexibility in curriculum, budget, school schedule and calendar, school district policies and procedures, professional development, and staffing policies and procedures, including waivers from or modifications to contracts or collective bargaining agreements. Such innovation plan shall be developed by the faculty and district leadership or an external partner by means of an innovation plan committee. Membership of the innovation plan committee developed by (A) faculty and district leadership shall consist of at least nine members, but not more than eleven members, (i) five of whom shall be selected by the local or regional board of education and shall include (I) the superintendent of schools for the school district, or his or her designee; (II) a member of the local or regional board of education, or his or her designee; (III) two parents who have one or more children enrolled in the school, or, in the case of a new school, parents from the district; and (IV) the principal of the school, or, in the case of a new school and where a principal has not yet been hired, a principal from the school district in which the new school is located, (ii) two of whom shall be certified teachers of the school appointed by the exclusive bargaining representative of the teachers' unit chosen pursuant to section 10-153b , or, in the case of a new school and where no certified teachers have yet been hired, two certified teachers appointed by the exclusive bargaining representative of the teachers' unit chosen pursuant to section 10-153b , and (iii) not more than four of whom the local or regional board of education deems appropriate; (B) an external partner shall consist of at least nine members, but not more than eleven members, (i) seven of whom shall be selected by the local or regional board of education and shall include (I) the superintendent of schools for the school district, or his or her designee; (II) a member of the local or regional board of education, or his or her designee; (III) two parents who have one or more children enrolled in the school, or, in the case of a new school, parents from the district; (IV) the principal of the school, or, in the case of a new school and where a principal has not yet been hired, a principal from the school district in which the new school is located; and (V) two of whom shall represent the external partner, (ii) two of whom shall be certified teachers of the school appointed by the exclusive bargaining representative of the teachers' unit chosen pursuant to section 10-153b , or, in the case of a new school and where no certified teachers have yet been hired, two certified teachers appointed by the exclusive bargaining representative of the teachers' unit chosen pursuant to section 10-153b , and (iii) not more than two of whom the local or regional board of education deems appropriate. A majority vote of the innovation plan committee shall be required for approval and implementation of the innovation plan.

(2) The innovation plan shall include, but not be limited to: (A) A curriculum plan that includes a detailed description of the curriculum and related programs for the proposed school and how the curriculum is expected to improve school performance and student achievement; (B) a budget plan that includes a detailed description of how funds shall be used in the proposed school to support school performance and student achievement that is or may be different than how funds are used in other public schools in the district; (C) a school schedule plan that includes a detailed description of the ways the program or calendar of the proposed school may be enhanced or expanded; (D) a staffing plan, including any proposed waivers or modifications of collective bargaining agreements, subject to agreement with the exclusive bargaining representative for the certified employees employed at the school, chosen pursuant to section 10-153b and in accordance with the provisions of subsection (c) of this section; (E) a policies and procedures plan that includes a detailed description of the unique operational policies and procedures to be used by the proposed school and how the procedures will support school performance and student achievement; and (F) a professional development plan that includes a detailed description of how the school may provide professional development to its administrators, teachers and other staff.

(3) In order to assess the proposed school across multiple measures of school performance and student success, the innovation plan shall include measurable annual goals, including, but not limited to, goals relating to the following: (A) Student attendance; (B) student safety and discipline; (C) student promotion and graduation and dropout rates; (D) student performance on the state-wide mastery examination, pursuant to section 10-14n ; (E) progress in areas of academic underperformance; (F) progress among subgroups of students, including low-income students, limited English-proficient students and students receiving special education; and (G) reduction of achievement gaps among different groups of students.

(c) Nothing in this section shall alter the collective bargaining agreements applicable to the administrators, teachers and staff in the school, subject to the provisions of sections 10-153a to 10-153n , inclusive, and such collective bargaining agreements shall be considered to be in operation at an innovation school, except to the extent the provisions are waived or modified in the innovation plan and agreed to by a two-thirds vote of the members of the exclusive bargaining representative employed or to be employed at the innovation school.

(d) Innovation schools authorized under this section shall be evaluated annually by the superintendent of schools for the school district. The superintendent shall submit the evaluation to the local or regional board of education and the Commissioner of Education. The evaluation shall determine whether the school has met the annual goals outlined in the innovation plan for the school and assess the implementation of the innovation plan at the school. The superintendent may amend or suspend one or more components of the innovation plan if the superintendent determines, after one year, an amendment is necessary because of subsequent changes in the school district that affect one or more components of such innovation plan. If the superintendent determines that the school has substantially failed to meet the goals outlined in the innovation plan, the local or regional board of education may: (1) Amend one or more components of the innovation plan; (2) suspend one or more components of the innovation plan; or (3) terminate the authorization of the school, provided the amendment or suspension shall not take place before the completion of the second full year of the operation of the school and the termination shall not take place before the completion of the third full year of the operation of the school. Any amendment to or suspension of any component of the innovation plan that changes the contract of employment for any teacher employed at the school shall be approved by a two-thirds vote of the members of the exclusive bargaining representative for the teachers employed at the school prior to any such amendment or suspension of the innovation plan.

(e) The local or regional board of education shall allow a student who is enrolled in a school at the time it is established as an innovation school pursuant to this section to remain enrolled in the school if the student and the student's parents choose to have the student remain.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 10-223h — Connecticut Code / Title 10 / Chapter 170 / Section 10-223h
Sec. 10-223h. Commissioner's network of schools. Turnaround committees. Operations and instructional audit. Turnaround plans. Reports.
Status: in_force

(b) (1) Upon the selection by the Commissioner of Education of a school for participation in the commissioner's network of schools, the local or regional board of education for such school shall establish a turnaround committee for the school district. The turnaround committee shall consist of the following members: (A) Two appointed by the local or regional board of education, at least one of whom shall be an administrator employed by such board of education and at least one of whom shall be the parent or guardian of a student enrolled in the school district for such board of education; (B) three appointed by the exclusive bargaining unit for teachers chosen pursuant to section 10-153b , at least two of whom shall be teachers employed by such board of education and at least one of whom shall be the parent or guardian of a student enrolled in the school district for such board of education; and (C) the Commissioner of Education, or the commissioner's designee. The superintendent of schools for the district, or the superintendent's designee, where such school is located shall be a nonvoting ex-officio member and serve as the chairperson of the turnaround committee.

(2) The turnaround committee, in consultation with the school governance council, as described in section 10-223j , for a school selected to participate in the commissioner's network of schools, shall (A) assist the Department of Education in conducting the operations and instructional audit pursuant to subsection (c) of this section, (B) develop a turnaround plan for such school in accordance with the provisions of subsection (d) of this section and guidelines issued by the commissioner, and (C) monitor the implementation of such turnaround plan.

(c) Following the establishment of a turnaround committee, the Department of Education shall conduct, in consultation with the local or regional board of education for a school selected to participate in the commissioner's network of schools, the school governance council for such school and such turnaround committee, an operations and instructional audit, as described in subparagraph (A) of subdivision (2) of subsection (e) of section 10-223e , for such school. Such operations and instructional audit shall be conducted pursuant to guidelines issued by the department and shall determine the extent to which the school (1) has established a strong family and community connection to the school; (2) has a positive school environment, as evidenced by a culture of high expectations, a safe and orderly workplace, and that address other nonacademic factors that impact student achievement, such as students' social, emotional, arts, cultural, recreational and health needs; (3) has effective leadership, as evidenced by the school principal's performance appraisals, track record in improving student achievement, ability to lead turnaround efforts, and managerial skills and authority in the areas of scheduling, staff management, curriculum implementation and budgeting; (4) has effective teachers and support staff as evidenced by performance evaluations, policies to retain staff determined to be effective and who have the ability to be successful in the turnaround effort, policies to prevent ineffective teachers from transferring to the schools, and job-embedded, ongoing professional development informed by the teacher evaluation and support programs that are tied to teacher and student needs; (5) uses time effectively as evidenced by the redesign of the school day, week, or year to include additional time for student learning and teacher collaboration; (6) has a curriculum and instructional program that is based on student needs, is research-based, rigorous and aligned with state academic content standards, and serves all children, including students at every achievement level; and (7) uses evidence to inform decision-making and for continuous improvement, including by providing time for collaboration on the use of data. Such operations and instructional audit shall be informed by an inventory of the following: (A) Before and after school programs, (B) any school-based health centers, family resource centers or other community services offered at the school, including, but not limited to, social services, mental health services and parenting support programs, (C) whether scientific research-based interventions are being fully implemented at the school, (D) resources for scientific research-based interventions during the school year and summer school programs, (E) resources for gifted and talented students, (F) the length of the school day and the school year, (G) summer school programs, (H) alternative education, as defined in section 10-74j , if any, offered to students at the school, (I) the number of teachers employed at the school and the number of teachers who have left the school in each of the previous three school years, (J) student mobility, including the number of students who have been enrolled in and left the school, (K) the number of students whose primary language is not English, (L) the number of students receiving special education services, (M) the number of truants, (N) the number of students who are eligible for free or reduced price lunches, (O) the number of students who are eligible for HUSKY A, (P) the curricula used at the school, (Q) the reading curricula and programs for kindergarten to grade three, inclusive, if any, at the school, (R) arts and music programs offered at the school, (S) physical education programs offered and periods for recess or physical activity, (T) the number of school psychologists at the school and the ratio of school psychologists to students at the school, (U) the number of social workers at the school and the ratio of social workers to students at the school, (V) the teacher and administrator performance evaluation program, including the frequency of performance evaluations, how such evaluations are conducted and by whom, the standards for performance ratings and follow-up and remediation plans and the aggregate results of teacher performance evaluation ratings conducted pursuant to section 10-151b and any other available measures of teacher effectiveness, (W) professional development activities and programs, (X) teacher and student access to technology inside and outside of the classroom, (Y) student access to and enrollment in mastery test preparation programs, (Z) the availability of textbooks, learning materials and other supplies, (AA) student demographics, including race, gender and ethnicity, (BB) chronic absenteeism, and (CC) preexisting school improvement plans, for the purpose of (i) determining why such school improvement plans have not improved student academic performance, and (ii) identifying governance, legal, operational, staffing or resource constraints that contributed to the lack of student academic performance at such school and should be addressed, modified or removed for such school to improve student academic performance.

(d) Following the operations and instructional audit for the school selected to participate in the commissioner's network of schools, the turnaround committee shall develop a turnaround plan for such school. The school governance council for each turnaround school may recommend to the turnaround committee for the school district one of the turnaround models described in subparagraphs (A) to (F), inclusive, of subdivision (3) of this subsection. The turnaround committee may accept such recommendation or may choose a different turnaround model for inclusion in the turnaround plan submitted under this subsection. The turnaround plan for such school shall (1) include a description of how such turnaround plan will improve student academic achievement in the school, (2) address deficiencies identified in the operations and instructional audit, and (3) utilize one of the following turnaround models: (A) A CommPACT school, as described in section 10-74g , (B) a social development model, (C) the management, administration or governance of the school to be the responsibility of a regional educational service center, a public or private institution of higher education located in the state, or, subject to the provisions of subsection (e) of this section, an approved educational management organization, (D) a school described in section 10-74f , (E) a model developed by the turnaround committee that utilizes strategies, methods and best practices that have been proven to be effective in improving student academic performance, including, but not limited to, strategies, methods and best practices used at public schools, interdistrict magnet schools and charter schools or collected by the commissioner pursuant to subsection (f) of this section, (F) a community school, as described in section 10-74i , or (G) a model developed in consultation with the commissioner or by the commissioner subject to the provisions of subsection (e) of this section. The turnaround plan shall not assign the management, administration or governance of such school to a (i) for-profit corporation, or (ii) a private not-for-profit organization that is exempt from taxation under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or any subsequent corresponding internal revenue code of the United States, as from time to time amended, other than a public or private institution of higher education located in the state or, subject to the provisions of subsection (e) of this section, an approved not-for-profit educational management organization, as defined in subsection (e) of this section. Such turnaround plan may include proposals changing the hours and schedules of teachers and administrators at such school, the length and schedule of the school day, the length and calendar of the school year, the amount of time teachers shall be present in the school beyond the regular school day and the hiring or reassignment of teachers or administrators at such school. If a turnaround committee does not develop a turnaround plan, or if the commissioner determines that a turnaround plan developed by a turnaround committee is deficient, the commissioner may develop a turnaround plan for such school in accordance with the provisions of this subsection and, if the commissioner deems necessary, the commissioner may appoint a district improvement officer for such school to implement the provisions of the turnaround plan developed by the commissioner. The turnaround plan shall direct all resources and funding to programs and services delivered at such school for the educational benefit of the students enrolled at such school and be transparent and accountable to the local community. The State Board of Education shall approve the turnaround plan developed by a turnaround committee before a school may implement such turnaround plan.

(e) (1) For the school year commencing July 1, 2012, the Commissioner of Education shall develop one turnaround plan for a school selected to participate in the commissioner's network of schools. Such turnaround plan shall be implemented for the school year commencing July 1, 2012. Such plan may assign the management, administration or governance of such school to an approved not-for-profit educational management organization, and shall negotiate matters relating to such turnaround plan in accordance with the provisions of subsection (c) of section 10-153s .

(2) For the school year commencing July 1, 2012, the Commissioner of Education may approve a turnaround plan for a school selected to participate in the commissioner's network of schools that assigns the management, administration or governance of such school to an approved not-for-profit educational management organization, and shall negotiate matters relating to such turnaround plan in accordance with the provisions of subsection (c) of section 10-153s . Such turnaround plan shall be implemented for the school year commencing July 1, 2012.

(3) The commissioner shall permit not more than four total turnaround plans for schools selected to participate in the commissioner's network of schools implementing turnaround plans beginning in the school year commencing July 1, 2013, or July 1, 2014, to assign the management, administration or governance of such school to an approved not-for-profit educational management organization, provided the commissioner shall not permit such assignment in a turnaround plan to more than three schools in a single school year. If the commissioner does not approve a turnaround plan under subdivision (2) of this subsection, the commissioner may approve one additional turnaround plan for a school selected to participate in the commissioner's network of schools that assigns the management, administration or governance of such school to an approved not-for-profit educational management organization to be implemented in the school year commencing July 1, 2013, or July 1, 2014.

(4) For purposes of this section, and section 10-223i , “approved not-for-profit educational management organization” means a not-for-profit organization that is exempt from taxation under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or any subsequent corresponding internal revenue code of the United States, as from time to time amended, that (A) operates a state charter school located in the state that has a record of student academic success for students enrolled in such state charter school, or (B) has experience and a record of success in improving student achievement for low income or low performing students through measures, including, but not limited to, reconstituting schools while, if applicable, respecting existing contracts of employees of such schools.

(f) The Commissioner of Education may partner with any public or private institution of higher education in the state, for a period not to exceed twelve months, to assist the Department of Education in collecting, compiling and replicating strategies, methods and best practices that have been proven to be effective in improving student academic performance in public schools, interdistrict magnet schools and charter schools. The commissioner shall make such strategies, methods and best practices available to local and regional boards of education and turnaround committees for use in developing a turnaround model, pursuant to subsection (d) of this section, and in implementing the turnaround plan for a school that is participating in the commissioner's network of schools.

(g) Nothing in this section shall alter the collective bargaining agreements applicable to the administrators and teachers employed by the local or regional board of education, subject to the provisions of sections 10-153a to 10-153n , inclusive, and such collective bargaining agreements shall be considered to be in operation at schools participating in the commissioner's network of schools, except to the extent the provisions are modified by any memorandum of understanding between the local or regional board of education and the representatives of the exclusive bargaining units for certified employees, chosen pursuant to section 10-153b , or are modified by a turnaround plan, including, but not limited to, any election to work agreement pursuant to such turnaround plan for such schools and negotiated in accordance with the provisions of section 10-153s .

(h) Each school participating in the commissioner's network of schools shall participate for three school years, and may continue such participation for an additional year, not to exceed two additional years, upon approval from the State Board of Education. Before the end of the third year that a school is participating in the commissioner's network of schools, the commissioner shall conduct an evaluation to determine whether such school is prepared to exit the commissioner's network of schools. In determining whether such school may exit the commissioner's network of schools, the commissioner shall consider whether the local or regional board of education has the capacity to ensure that such school will maintain or improve its student academic performance. If the commissioner determines that such school is ready to exit the commissioner's network of schools, the local or regional board of education for such school shall develop, in consultation with the commissioner, a plan, subject to the approval by the State Board of Education, for the transition of such school back to full control by the local or regional board of education. If such school is not ready to exit the commissioner's network of schools and participates in the commissioner's network of schools for an additional year, the commissioner shall conduct an evaluation in accordance with the provisions of this subsection. Before the end of the fifth year that a school is participating in the commissioner's network of schools, the commissioner shall develop, in consultation with the local or regional board of education for such school, a plan, subject to the approval by the State Board of Education, for the transition of such school back to full control by the local or regional board of education.

(i) Not later than thirty days after the approval of the turnaround plan for a school selected to participate in the commissioner's network of schools by the State Board of Education, the Commissioner of Education shall submit the operations and instructional audit and the turnaround plan for such school to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to education, in accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a .

(j) (1) Not later than February 1, 2018, and annually thereafter, the Commissioner of Education shall annually submit a report on the academic performance of each school participating in the commissioner's network of schools to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to education, in accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a . Such report shall include, but not be limited to, (A) the accountability index score, as defined in section 10-223e , for such school, (B) trends for the accountability index scores during the period that such school is participating in the commissioner's network of schools, (C) adjustments for subgroups of students at such school, including, but not limited to, students whose primary language is not English, students receiving special education services and students who are eligible for free or reduced price lunches, and (D) performance evaluation results in the aggregate for teachers and administrators at such school.

(2) Not later than February 1, 2018, and annually thereafter, the Commissioner of Education shall annually submit a report comparing and analyzing the academic performance of all the schools participating in the commissioner's network of schools to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to education, in accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a . Such report shall include, but not be limited to, (A) the accountability index score, as defined in section 10-223e , for the school, (B) trends for the accountability indices during the period that such schools are participating in the commissioner's network of schools, (C) adjustments for subgroups of students at such schools, including, but not limited to, students whose primary language is not English, students receiving special education services and students who are eligible for free or reduced price lunches, and (D) performance evaluation results in the aggregate for teachers and administrators at such schools.

(3) Not later than February first following the expiration of the turnaround plan for each school participating in the commissioner's network of schools, the commissioner shall submit a final report that (A) evaluates such turnaround plan and the academic performance of such school during the period that such turnaround plan was in effect, and (B) makes recommendations for the operation of such school to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to education, in accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a .

(4) Not later than January 1, 2020, the commissioner shall submit a report (A) evaluating the commissioner's network of schools and its effect on improving student academic achievement in participating schools, and (B) making any recommendations for the continued operation of the commissioner's network of schools to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to education, in accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a .

(5) Not later than February first each year, the Commissioner of Education shall present the items submitted pursuant to subdivisions (1) to (4), inclusive, of this subsection to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to education.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 10-212c — Connecticut Code / Title 10 / Chapter 169 / Section 10-212c
Sec. 10-212c. Life-threatening food allergies and glycogen storage disease: Guidelines; district plans.
Status: in_force

(2) Not later than January 1, 2020, in addition to the requirements in subdivision (1) of this subsection, the Department of Education, in consultation with the Department of Public Health, shall revise such guidelines to include (A) training for the identification and evaluation of students with life-threatening food allergies or glycogen storage disease, and (B) protocols that comply with the protections and accommodations under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended from time to time, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, 20 USC 1400 et seq., as amended from time to time, and the Americans with Disabilities Act, 42 USC 12101 et seq.

(3) Not later than January 1, 2020, and biennially thereafter, the Department of Education, in consultation with the Department of Public Health, shall review and update as the Commissioner of Education deems necessary, the guidelines for the management of students with life-threatening food allergies and glycogen storage disease. The department shall make any such updated guidelines available to each local and regional board of education.

(b) Not later than August 15, 2012, each local and regional board of education shall: (1) Implement a plan based on the guidelines developed pursuant to subsection (a) of this section for the management of students with life-threatening food allergies and glycogen storage disease enrolled in the schools under its jurisdiction; (2) make such plan available on such board's Internet web site or the Internet web site of each school under such board's jurisdiction, or if such Internet web site does not exist, make such plan publicly available through other practicable means as determined by such board; and (3) provide notice of such plan in conjunction with the annual written statement provided to parents and guardians as required by subsection (b) of section 10-231c . The superintendent of schools for each school district shall annually attest to the Department of Education that such school district is implementing such plan in accordance with the provisions of this section.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 10a-51 — Connecticut Code / Title 10a / Chapter 185 / Section 10a-51
Sec. 10a-51. (Formerly Sec. 10-334h). Child care centers.
Status: in_force

(b) The board of trustees of any such constituent unit may authorize the charging of a fee or schedule of fees to any person using any child care center operated by such constituent unit.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 10-550g — Connecticut Code / Title 10 / Chapter 184c / Section 10-550g
Sec. 10-550g. (Note: This section is effective July 1, 2025.) Designated staff member and designated qualified staff member requirements.
Status: in_force

(1) “Office of Early Childhood funded early care and education program” means an early care and education program that accepts state funds directly from the office or indirectly through office subcontractors, for any combination of infant, toddler, preschool and before and after school, but does not include the child care subsidy program established pursuant to section 17b-749 .

(2) “Designated staff member” means the person assigned the primary responsibility for a classroom of children in an Office of Early Childhood funded early care and education program.

(3) “Designated qualified staff member” means a designated staff member who possesses at least one of the following:

(A) A bachelor's degree or higher with a concentration in early childhood education from an institution of higher education that is (i) regionally accredited and accredited by the National Association for the Education of Young Children, (ii) regionally accredited and working toward achieving accreditation from the National Association for the Education of Young Children, or (iii) regionally accredited;

(B) A certificate issued pursuant to section 10-145b with an endorsement in early childhood education or early childhood special education;

(C) Deemed to meet the bachelor's degree requirements by the office without a concentration in early childhood education, but with at least twelve early childhood credits from an institution of higher education that is regionally accredited;

(D) A bachelor's degree from an institution of higher education that is regionally accredited, without a concentration in early childhood education, but with at least twelve applicable early childhood credits as determined by the office;

(E) Permission from the office if such designated staff member is enrolled in an institution of higher education and engaged in and making progress in an early childhood planned program of study leading to an early childhood bachelor's degree.

(b) When a bachelor's degree designated qualified staff member is not assigned, a person may be deemed a designated qualified staff member if such person possesses at least one of the qualifications included in subsection (c) of this section and is under the supervision of an on-site bachelor's degree designated qualified staff member, except any family child care home provider that accepts state funds shall meet the designated qualified staff member qualifications.

(c) When a bachelor's degree designated qualified staff member supervises an associate degree designated qualified staff member, the person possessing a bachelor's degree may supervise such associate degree designated qualified staff member at an off-site location. The associate degree designated qualified staff member, under the supervision of a bachelor's degree qualified staff member, shall possess at least one of the following:

(1) An associate degree or higher with a concentration in early childhood education from an institution of higher education that is (i) regionally accredited and accredited by the National Association for the Education of Young Children, (ii) regionally accredited and working toward achieving accreditation from the National Association for the Education of Young Children, or (iii) regionally accredited;

(2) Deemed to meet the associate degree requirements by the office without a concentration in early childhood education, but with at least twelve early childhood credits from an institution of higher education that is regionally accredited;

(3) An associate degree from an institution of higher education that is regionally accredited, without a concentration in early childhood education, but with at least twelve applicable early childhood credits as determined by the office;

(4) Permission from the office if such associate degree designated qualified staff member is enrolled in an institution of higher education and engaged in an early childhood planned program of study leading to an early childhood associate degree.

(d) (1) From July 1, 2024, to June 30, 2027, inclusive, twenty-five per cent of the designated staff members at each Office of Early Childhood funded early childhood education program shall be designated qualified staff members meeting one of the criteria at the bachelor's degree level. If the Office of Early Childhood funded early care and education program is a family child care home, the designated qualified staff member for such family child care home shall have achieved or be working toward an early childhood associate degree or bachelor's degree.

(2) From July 1, 2027, to June 30, 2030, inclusive, fifty per cent of the designated qualified members at each Office of Early Childhood funded early childhood education program shall be designated qualified staff members meeting one of the criteria at the bachelor's degree level. If the Office of Early Childhood funded early care and education program is a family child care home, the designated qualified staff member for such family child care home shall have achieved or be working toward an early childhood associate degree or bachelor's degree.

(3) On and after July 1, 2030, sixty per cent of the designated qualified members at each Office of Early Childhood funded child care program shall be designated qualified staff members meeting one of the criteria at the bachelor's degree level. If the Office of Early Childhood funded early care and education program is a family child care home, the designated qualified staff member for such family child care home shall have achieved or be working toward an early childhood associate degree or bachelor's degree.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 10a-133 — Connecticut Code / Title 10a / Chapter 185b / Section 10a-133
Sec. 10a-133. (Formerly Sec. 10-141l). State aid for family practice residency programs. Regulations.
Status: in_force

See chapter 187c re John Dempsey Hospital Finance Corporation.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 10-183xx — Connecticut Code / Title 10 / Chapter 167a / Section 10-183xx
Sec. 10-183xx. Rollover accounts for members who submit retirement application: Distributions. Polices and procedures. Restrictions.
Status: in_force

(b) Commencing with retirements effective September 1, 2021, or later, any amount in a retired member's rollover account shall be distributed to such member in the form of an actuarially equivalent annuity for life, using the annuity rates adopted by the board for the selected retirement date and under the terms and conditions of the payment plan option the member selected on his or her formal application of retirement, as defined in section 10-183b . If such member dies prior to the date of his or her retirement, the accumulated rollover funds shall be distributed under the terms and conditions of the payment plan option the member elected on such application.

(c) The board shall adopt policies and procedures regarding the prudent and efficient operation of rollover accounts established pursuant to subsection (a) of this section, which shall include, but need not be limited to, application and payment procedures for such accounts.

(d) The funds in a member's rollover account shall be used only for distributions in accordance with subsection (b) of this section. The funds in such account may not be applied toward the purchase of additional credited service pursuant to section 10-183e . No interest shall be applied to any funds contained in a member's rollover account.

(e) Rollover contributions made in accordance with this section shall not be treated as contributions, as defined in section 10-183b , and the board shall not subject such contributions to the limitations imposed under Section 415(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or any subsequent corresponding internal revenue code of the United States, as amended from time to time.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 10-188 — Connecticut Code / Title 10 / Chapter 168 / Section 10-188
Sec. 10-188. Private schools and instruction.
Status: in_force

Cited. 147 C. 374; 149 C. 720.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 10-183g — Connecticut Code / Title 10 / Chapter 167a / Section 10-183g
Sec. 10-183g. Benefit rates. Commencing and ending dates.
Status: in_force

(b) Proratable retirement. The proratable retirement benefit shall be computed as follows: Average annual salary multiplied by (1) number of years of credited service in the public schools of Connecticut multiplied by the applicable percentage based on age and service as determined from the table below, and (2) number of years of all additional credited service not used in subdivision (1) of this subsection multiplied by one per cent.

TABLE

AGE OF RETIREMENT
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 10a-11i — Connecticut Code / Title 10a / Chapter 185 / Section 10a-11i
Sec. 10a-11i. Information on financial aid applications and personally identifiable information on admissions applications not subject to disclosure. Exceptions.
Status: in_force

(b) Any confidential information about an individual, including, but not limited to, information from an individual's application for admission, application for financial aid or immigration status, that becomes known to an officer, employee or agent of a local or regional board of education or an institution of higher education in the state may be disclosed to a federal immigration authority, as defined in section 54-192h , only if such disclosure is:

(1) Authorized in writing by the individual to whom the information pertains, or by the parent or guardian of such individual if the individual is a minor or not legally competent to consent to such disclosure;

(2) Necessary in furtherance of a criminal investigation of terrorism; or

(3) Otherwise required by state or federal law or in compliance with a judicial warrant or court order issued by a judge or magistrate of the state or federal judicial branches.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 10-153b — Connecticut Code / Title 10 / Chapter 166 / Section 10-153b
Sec. 10-153b. Selection of teachers' representatives.
Status: in_force

(b) The superintendent of schools, assistant superintendents, certified professional employees who act for the board of education in negotiations with certified professional personnel or are directly responsible to the board of education for personnel relations or budget preparation, temporary substitutes and all noncertified employees of the board of education are excluded from the purview of this section and sections 10-153c to 10-153n , inclusive.

(c) The employees in either unit defined in this section may designate any organization of certified professional employees to represent them in negotiations with respect to salaries, hours and other conditions of employment with the local or regional board of education which employs them by filing, during the period between March first and March thirty-first of any school year, with the board of education a petition which requests recognition of such organization for purposes of negotiation under this section and sections 10-153c to 10-153n , inclusive, and is signed by a majority of the employees in such unit. Where a new school district is formed as the result of the creation of a regional school district, a petition for designation shall also be considered timely if it is filed at any time from the date when such regional school district is approved pursuant to section 10-45 through the first school year of operation of any such school district. Where a new school district is formed as a result of the dissolution of a regional school district, a petition for designation shall also be considered timely if it is filed at any time from the date of the election of a board of education for such school district through the first year of operation of any such school district. Within three school days next following the receipt of such petition, such board shall post a notice of such request for recognition and mail a copy thereof to the commissioner. Such notice shall state the name of the organization designated by the petitioners, the unit to be represented and the date of receipt of such petition by the board. If no petition which requests a representation election and is signed by twenty per cent of the employees in such unit is filed in accordance with the provisions of subsection (d) of this section, with the commissioner within the thirty days next following the date on which the board of education posts notice of the designation petition, such board shall recognize the designated organization as the exclusive representative of the employees in such unit for a period of one year or until a representation election has been held for such unit pursuant to this section and section 10-153c , whichever occurs later. If a petition complying with the provisions of subsection (d) of this section is filed within such period of thirty days, the local or regional board of education shall not recognize any organization so designated until an election has been held pursuant to said sections to determine which organization shall represent such unit.

(d) Twenty per cent or more of the personnel in an administrators' unit or teachers' unit may file during the period between March first and April thirtieth of any school year with the commissioner a petition requesting that a representation election be held to elect an organization to represent such unit. Where a new school district is formed as the result of the creation of a regional school district, a petition for a representation election shall also be considered timely if it is filed at any time from the date when such regional school district is approved pursuant to section 10-45 through the first school year of operation of any such school district. Where a new school district is formed as a result of the dissolution of a regional school district, a petition for a representation election shall also be considered timely if it is filed at any time during the first school year of operation of any such school district. Whenever a multiple-year contract is in effect, a petition requesting that a representation election be held to elect an organization to represent such unit shall be considered timely if it is filed with the commissioner between March first and April thirtieth after two years of a contract have elapsed or is filed between March first and April thirtieth of the calendar year prior to the year of expiration of the collective bargaining contract covering the employees who are the subject of the petition, whichever is sooner. The commissioner shall file notice of such petition with the local or regional board of education on or before the fifth school day following receipt of the petition. The commissioner shall not divulge the names on such petition or any petition filed with the commissioner pursuant to this section to anyone except upon court order. Such notice shall state the name of the petitioning group, the unit for which an election is sought and the date the petition was filed. Within three school days after receipt of such notice, the local or regional board of education shall post a copy of the notice. Any organization interested in representing personnel in such unit may intervene within three school days after the board posts notice of such petition by filing with the commissioner a petition signed by ten per cent of the employees in such unit provided that any employee who signs more than one such petition between March first and April thirtieth in any one school year shall not be deemed to have signed any such petition. The commissioner shall notify the local or regional board on or before the third day following receipt of the intervening petition, and such board shall post notice of the intervening petition within three days following receipt thereof. No intervening petition shall be required from any incumbent organization previously designated by the board or elected and such incumbent organization shall be listed on the ballot if a petition for a representation election is filed. The petitioning organization, the incumbent organization, if any, and any intervening organization may agree on an impartial person or agency to conduct such an election consistent with the other provisions of this section, provided not more than one such election shall be held to elect an organization to represent the employees in such unit in any one school year, except, however, if no organization receives a majority of the vote validly cast, the election shall not be deemed completed and within ten days after the initial election a runoff election shall be held. In the event of a disagreement on the agency to conduct the election, the method shall be determined by the board of arbitration selected in accordance with section 10-153c . The person or agency so selected shall conduct, between twenty and forty-five days after the first petition requesting an election is filed with the commissioner, an election by secret ballot to determine which organization, if any, shall represent such unit, provided if no organization receives a majority of the vote validly cast, such election shall not be deemed completed and a runoff election between the two choices receiving the largest and second largest number of valid votes cast in the election shall be held within ten days after the initial election. The organizations participating in the election and the organizations participating in the runoff election shall share equally in the cost incurred by the impartial person or agency selected to conduct each election. Such person or agency shall immediately report the results of the election or runoff election to the commissioner. Within five days after receipt of the tally of ballots in the election or runoff election, any party to said election or runoff election may file with the commissioner any objection to said election or runoff election. If timely objections are found to be valid and they affected the results of the election or runoff election, the commissioner shall order another election or runoff election, as appropriate, to be conducted within ten days of the commissioner's decision. If satisfied that the election or runoff election has been conducted properly, the commissioner shall certify that the organization receiving a majority of votes is the exclusive representative of the employees in such unit.

(e) The representative designated or elected in accordance with this section shall, from the date of such designation or election, be the exclusive representative of all the employees in such unit for the purposes of negotiating with respect to salaries, hours and other conditions of employment, provided any certified professional employee or group of such employees shall have the right at any time to present any grievance to such persons as the local or regional board of education shall designate for that purpose. The terms of any existing contract shall not be abrogated by the election or designation of a new representative. During the balance of the term of such contract the board of education and the new representative shall have the duty to negotiate pursuant to section 10-153d concerning a successor agreement. The new representative shall, from the date of designation or election, acquire the rights and powers and shall assume the duties and obligations of the existing contract during the period of its effectiveness.

(f) Any organization which has been designated or elected the exclusive representative of a unit which includes teachers and administrators shall continue to be the exclusive representative of such personnel upon expiration of the salary agreement in effect between such organization and the board of education employing such personnel on July 1, 1969, until or unless employees of such board of education in either of the units defined in this section initiate a petition for designation or election of an organization to represent them in accordance with the procedures set forth in sections 10-153a to 10-153n , inclusive.

See Sec. 10-153k re applicability of this section to incorporated or endowed high schools or academies.

Cited. 162 C. 393; Id., 575; 164 C. 348. Section applies to principals as well as teachers in nonadministrative positions. 164 C. 426. Cited. 174 C. 522. Secs. 10-153a–10-153j include coverage of teachers employed in summer school programs. 177 C. 68. Cited. 184 C. 116; 186 C. 725; 190 C. 235; 200 C. 376; 201 C. 685; 202 C. 492; 204 C. 746; 205 C. 116; 206 C. 113; 216 C. 253; 217 C. 110; 226 C. 704; 234 C. 704; 239 C. 32.

Cited. 5 CA 253; 23 CA 727; 33 CA 78; 35 CA 111.

Organization chosen by employee teachers of defendant board of education short time prior to enactment of statute was properly recognized by board as the exclusive teachers' representative hereunder. 27 CS 298. Act is permissive in nature, although some of its provisions are mandatory if act is employed; act should be construed as operating prospectively not retroactively, no contrary intent clearly appearing. Id., 311. Cited. 28 CS 266; 38 CS 80.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 10-19m — Connecticut Code / Title 10 / Chapter 164 / Section 10-19m
Sec. 10-19m. (Formerly Sec. 17a-39). Youth service bureaus. Report. Regulations.
Status: in_force

(b) A youth service bureau established pursuant to subsection (a) of this section may provide, but shall not be limited to the delivery of, the following services: (1) Individual and group counseling; (2) parent training and family therapy; (3) work placement and employment counseling; (4) alternative and special educational opportunities; (5) recreational and youth enrichment programs; (6) outreach programs to ensure participation and planning by the entire community for the development of regional and community-based youth services; (7) preventive programs, including youth pregnancy, youth suicide, violence, alcohol and drug prevention; and (8) programs that develop positive youth involvement. Such services shall be designed to meet the needs of youths by the diversion of troubled youths from the justice system as well as by the provision of opportunities for all youths to function as responsible members of their communities.

(c) The Commissioner of Children and Families shall adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, establishing minimum standards for such youth service bureaus and the criteria for qualifying for state cost-sharing grants, including, but not limited to, allowable sources of funds covering the local share of the costs of operating such bureaus, acceptable in-kind contributions and application procedures. The commissioner shall, on December 1, 2011, and biennially thereafter, report to the General Assembly on the referral or diversion of children under the age of eighteen years from the juvenile justice system and the court system. Such report shall include, but not be limited to, the number of times any child is so diverted, the number of children diverted, the type of service provided to any such child, by whom such child was diverted, the ages of the children diverted and such other information and statistics as the General Assembly may request from time to time. Any such report shall contain no identifying information about any particular child.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 10a-55m — Connecticut Code / Title 10a / Chapter 185 / Section 10a-55m
Sec. 10a-55m. Sexual assault, stalking and intimate partner violence policies. Affirmative consent. Prevention and awareness programming and campaigns. Anonymous reporting and disclosure. Notification of victim's rights and options. Report.
Status: in_force

(1) “Affirmative consent” means an active, clear and voluntary agreement by a person to engage in sexual activity with another person;

(2) “Awareness programming” means institutional action designed to inform the campus community of the affirmative consent standard used pursuant to subdivision (1) of subsection (b) of this section, and communicate the prevalence of sexual assaults, stalking and intimate partner violence, including the nature and number of cases of sexual assault, stalking and intimate partner violence reported at or disclosed to each institution of higher education in the preceding three calendar years, including, but not limited to, poster and flyer campaigns, electronic communications, films, guest speakers, symposia, conferences, seminars or panel discussions;

(3) “Bystander intervention” means the act of challenging the social norms that support, condone or permit sexual assault, stalking and intimate partner violence;

(4) “Institution of higher education” means an institution of higher education, as defined in section 10a-55 , and a for-profit institution of higher education licensed to operate in this state, but shall not include Charter Oak State College for purposes of subsections (c) and (f) of this section and sections 10a-55n to 10a-55p , inclusive;

(5) “Intimate partner violence” means any physical or sexual harm against an individual by a current or former spouse of or person in a dating relationship with such individual that results from any action by such spouse or such person that may be classified as a sexual assault under section 53a-70b of the general statutes, revision of 1958, revised to January 1, 2019, or section 53a-70 , 53a-70a , 53a-71 , 53a-72a , 53a-72b or 53a-73a , stalking under section 53a-181c , 53a-181d or 53a-181e , or family violence as designated under section 46b-38h ;

(6) “Primary prevention programming” means institutional action and strategies intended to prevent sexual assault, stalking and intimate partner violence before it occurs by means of changing social norms and other approaches, including, but not limited to, poster and flyer campaigns, electronic communications, films, guest speakers, symposia, conferences, seminars or panel discussions;

(7) “Sexual assault” means a sexual assault under section 53a-70 , 53a-70a , 53a-71 , 53a-72a , 53a-72b or 53a-73a ;

(8) “Stalking” means stalking under section 53a-181c , 53a-181d or 53a-181e ; and

(9) “Uniform campus crime report” means a campus crime report prepared by an institution of higher education pursuant to section 10a-55a .

(b) Each institution of higher education shall adopt and disclose in such institution's annual uniform campus crime report one or more policies regarding sexual assault, stalking and intimate partner violence. Such policy or policies shall include provisions for:

(1) Informing students and employees that, in the context of an alleged violation of the policy or policies regarding sexual assault and intimate partner violence, (A) affirmative consent is the standard used in determining whether consent to engage in sexual activity was given by all persons who engaged in the sexual activity, (B) affirmative consent may be revoked at any time during the sexual activity by any person engaged in the sexual activity, (C) it is the responsibility of each person to ensure that he or she has the affirmative consent of all persons engaged in the sexual activity to engage in the sexual activity and that the affirmative consent is sustained throughout the sexual activity, (D) it shall not be a valid excuse to an alleged lack of affirmative consent that the student or employee responding to the alleged violation believed that the student or employee reporting or disclosing the alleged violation consented to the sexual activity (i) because the responding student or employee was intoxicated or reckless or failed to take reasonable steps to ascertain whether the student or employee reporting or disclosing the alleged violation affirmatively consented, or (ii) if the responding student or employee knew or should have known that the student or employee reporting or disclosing the alleged violation was unable to consent because such student or employee was unconscious, asleep, unable to communicate due to a mental or physical condition, or incapacitated due to the influence of drugs, alcohol or medication, and (E) the existence of a past or current dating or sexual relationship between the student or employee reporting or disclosing the alleged violation and the responding student or employee, in and of itself, shall not be determinative of a finding of affirmative consent;

(2) Detailing the procedures that students and employees of the institution who report or disclose being the victim of sexual assault, stalking or intimate partner violence may follow after the commission of such assault, stalking or violence, regardless of where such incidences occurred, including persons or agencies to contact and information regarding the importance of preserving physical evidence of such assault, stalking or violence;

(3) Providing students and employees of the institution who report or disclose being the victim of sexual assault, stalking or intimate partner violence both concise, written contact information for and, if requested, professional assistance in accessing and utilizing campus, local advocacy, counseling, health and mental health services, and concise information, written in plain language, concerning the rights of such students and employees to (A) notify law enforcement of such assault, stalking or violence and receive assistance from campus authorities in making any such notification, and (B) obtain a protective order, apply for a temporary restraining order or seek enforcement of an existing protective or restraining order, including, but not limited to, orders issued pursuant to section 46b-15 , 46b-38c , 53a-40e , 54-1k , 54-82q or 54-82r , against the perpetrator of such assault, stalking or violence;

(4) Notifying such students and employees of any reasonably available options for and available assistance from such institution in changing academic, living, campus transportation or working situations in response to sexual assault, stalking or intimate partner violence;

(5) Honoring any lawful protective or temporary restraining orders, including, but not limited to, orders issued pursuant to section 46b-15 , 46b-38c , 53a-40e , 54-1k , 54-82q or 54-82r ;

(6) Disclosing a summary of such institution's student investigation and disciplinary procedures, including clear statements advising that (A) a student or employee who reports or discloses being a victim of sexual assault, stalking or intimate partner violence shall have the opportunity to request that an investigation begin promptly, (B) the investigation and any disciplinary proceedings shall be conducted by an official trained annually in issues relating to sexual assault, stalking and intimate partner violence and shall use the preponderance of the evidence standard in making a determination concerning the alleged assault, stalking or violence, (C) both the student or employee who reports or discloses the alleged assault, stalking or violence and the student responding to such report or disclosure (i) are entitled to be accompanied to any meeting or proceeding relating to the allegation of such assault, stalking or violence by an advisor or support person of their choice, provided the involvement of such advisor or support person does not result in the postponement or delay of such meeting as scheduled, and (ii) shall have the opportunity to present evidence and witnesses on their behalf during any disciplinary proceeding, (D) both the student or employee reporting or disclosing the alleged assault stalking or violence and such responding student are entitled to be informed in writing of the results of any disciplinary proceeding not later than one business day after the conclusion of such proceeding, (E) the institution of higher education shall not disclose the identity of any party to an investigation or disciplinary proceeding, except as necessary to carry out the investigation or disciplinary proceeding or as permitted under state or federal law, (F) a standard of affirmative consent is used in determining whether consent to engage in sexual activity was given by all persons who engaged in the sexual activity, and (G) a student or employee who reports or discloses the alleged assault, stalking or violence shall not be subject to disciplinary action by the institution of higher education for violation of a policy of such institution concerning the use of drugs or alcohol if (i) the report or disclosure was made in good faith, and (ii) the violation of such policy did not place the health or safety of another person at risk;

(7) Disclosing a summary of such institution's employee investigation and disciplinary procedures, including clear statements advising that a standard of affirmative consent is used in determining whether consent to engage in sexual activity was given by all persons who engaged in the sexual activity; and

(8) Disclosing the range of sanctions that may be imposed following the implementation of such institution's student and employee disciplinary procedures in response to such assault, stalking or violence.

(c) Each institution of higher education shall provide (1) annual sexual assault, stalking and intimate partner violence primary prevention and awareness programming for all students and employees that includes an explanation of the definition of affirmative consent in sexual relationships, information concerning the reporting of incidences of such assaults, stalking and violence and strategies for bystander intervention and risk reduction; and (2) ongoing sexual assault, stalking and intimate partner violence prevention and awareness campaigns.

(d) Each institution of higher education may provide the option for any student or employee of such institution who is the victim of a sexual assault, stalking or intimate partner violence to report or disclose such assault, stalking or violence to such institution anonymously. Each such institution shall notify any such student or employee of the institution's obligations under state or federal law, if any, to (1) investigate or address such assault, stalking or violence and (2) assess whether the report triggers the need for a timely warning or emergency notification, as described in 34 CFR 668.46(e), which obligations, in limited circumstances, may result in the learning of such victim's identity.

(e) Each institution of higher education shall provide concise notification, written in plain language, to each student and employee of such institution who reports or discloses having been the victim of sexual assault, stalking or intimate partner violence, immediately upon receiving a report or disclosure of such assault, stalking or violence, of such student's or employee's rights and options under such institution's policy or policies regarding sexual assault, stalking and intimate partner violence adopted in accordance with subsection (b) of this section.

(f) Not later than October 1, 2015, and annually thereafter, each institution of higher education shall report to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to higher education, in accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a , concerning, for the immediately preceding calendar year, (1) a copy of its most recent policies regarding sexual assault, stalking and intimate partner violence adopted in accordance with subsection (b) of this section, or any revisions thereto, (2) a copy of its most recent concise written notification of the rights and options of a student or employee who reports or discloses an alleged violation of its sexual assault, stalking and intimate partner violence policy or policies required pursuant to subsection (e) of this section, (3) the number and type of sexual assault, stalking and intimate partner violence prevention, awareness and risk reduction programs at the institution, (4) the type of sexual assault, stalking and intimate partner violence prevention and awareness campaigns held by the institution, (5) the number of incidences of sexual assault, stalking and intimate partner violence reported or disclosed to such institution, (6) the number of confidential or anonymous reports or disclosures to the institution of sexual assault, stalking and intimate partner violence, (7) the number of disciplinary cases at the institution related to sexual assault, stalking and intimate partner violence, (8) the final outcome of all disciplinary cases at the institution related to sexual assault, stalking and intimate partner violence, including, but not limited to, the outcome of any appeals of such final outcome, to the extent reporting on such outcomes does not conflict with federal law, and (9) on a biennial basis, the summary results of the sexual misconduct climate assessment conducted by the institution pursuant to section 10a-55s .

(g) Nothing in this section shall be interpreted to prohibit Charter Oak State College from providing, either in person or electronically, optional sexual assault, stalking and intimate partner violence prevention and awareness programming for all students and employees of said college.

(h) Nothing in this section shall be interpreted as requiring an institution of higher education to adopt, verbatim, the definition of “affirmative consent” set forth in subsection (a) of this section, provided the institution of higher education, in the exercise of its sole authority to adopt a definition of “affirmative consent”, uses a definition of “affirmative consent” that has the same meaning as or a meaning that is substantially similar to the definition set forth in subsection (a) of this section.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 10a-57f — Connecticut Code / Title 10a / Chapter 185 / Section 10a-57f
Sec. 10a-57f. Participation in the nation-wide state authorization reciprocity agreement. Application process for in-state participating institutions and out-of-state nonparticipating institutions. Authority of Attorney General.
Status: in_force

(b) Any Connecticut institution of higher education that seeks to participate in the nation-wide state authorization reciprocity agreement under subsection (a) of this section shall submit an application with the Office of Higher Education on a form prescribed by the office. The office shall approve or reject the institution's application in accordance with the terms of such agreement. Authorization by the office to participate in such agreement shall be valid for a period of one year and may be renewed by the office for additional one-year periods. The office shall establish a schedule of application and renewal fees for all Connecticut institutions of higher education that participate in such agreement. The fee schedule shall be graduated based on the number of full-time equivalent students at each Connecticut institution of higher education.

(c) Any out-of-state institution of higher education that does not participate in the nation-wide, state authorization reciprocity agreement and seeks to operate a distance learning program in the state shall submit an application to the Office of Higher Education on a form prescribed by the office. Each institution shall agree to abide by standards, similar to those in the nation-wide, state authorization reciprocity agreement and established by the office. The office shall approve or reject the institution's application in accordance with the standards established by the office. Authorization by the office to operate a distance learning program in the state shall be valid for a period of one year and may be renewed by the office for additional one-year periods. The office shall establish a schedule of application and renewal fees for all out-of-state institutions of higher education that do not participate in the nation-wide, state authorization reciprocity agreement and are approved by the office. The fee schedule shall be graduated based on the number of full-time equivalent students enrolled at each out-of-state institution of higher education.

(d) Nothing in subsection (a) of this section shall be construed to affect the authority of the Attorney General to enforce the provisions of chapter 735a or Title X of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, P.L. 111-203, as amended from time to time.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 10a-1h — Connecticut Code / Title 10a / Chapter 185 / Section 10a-1h
Sec. 10a-1h. Higher Education Financial Sustainability Advisory Board. Membership. Duties.
Status: in_force

(b) The board shall consist of the following members:

(1) The chairpersons and ranking members of the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to appropriations and the budgets of state agencies;

(2) The members of the higher education subcommittee of the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to appropriations and the budgets of state agencies;

(3) The chairpersons and ranking members of the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to higher education and employment advancement; and

(4) The Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management.

(c) The chairpersons of the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to appropriations and the budgets of state agencies and the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management shall jointly serve as chairpersons of the board. Such chairpersons of the board shall schedule the first meeting of the board, which shall be held not later than September 1, 2024. The board shall meet at least quarterly thereafter. A majority of the board shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of any business.

(d) The administrative staff of the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to appropriations and the budgets of state agencies shall serve as administrative staff of the board.

(e) The board shall have the following powers and duties: (1) Meet with the administrators of each public institution of higher education and The University of Connecticut Health Center to accept and review the information set forth in subsection (f) of this section and to discuss barriers to meeting state workforce needs, developing economic growth and achieving or maintaining affordable tuition; (2) obtain from any executive department, board, commission or other agency of the state such assistance and data as necessary and available to carry out the purposes of this section; and (3) perform such other acts as may be necessary and appropriate to carry out the duties described in this section.

(f) Each public institution of higher education and The University of Connecticut Health Center shall each submit to the board, upon the request of the chairpersons of the board, the following information:

(1) A detailed financial report for the current fiscal year, subsequent fiscal year and five preceding fiscal years that identifies each source of revenue, category of expense and any assumptions upon which such reports are based;

(2) If the detailed financial report for the current fiscal year or subsequent fiscal year projects a deficiency, a detailed plan that eliminates such deficiency;

(3) A summary and general ledger account code analysis of the unrestricted net position of such institution for the most recently completed fiscal year;

(4) The number of full-time and part-time students enrolled disaggregated by in-state and out-of-state;

(5) The number of vacant and filled employment positions disaggregated by bargaining unit and management confidential type with corresponding average salaries from the first payroll in October of such fiscal year;

(6) A summary of cost drivers for such institution;

(7) A summary of budget constraints affecting (A) workforce developments, economic development efforts and student quality of life, including, but not limited to, time required for degree completion, and (B) research productivity and faculty retention and recruitment; and

(8) Any other financial, operational, performance or other outcome information, metrics or data requested by the board.

(g) The board may require a public institution of higher education to submit the information set forth in subsection (f) of this section on a disaggregated basis.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 10-265t — Connecticut Code / Title 10 / Chapter 172 / Section 10-265t
Sec. 10-265t. Bond issue for school air quality improvement grants.
Status: in_force

(b) The proceeds of the sale of said bonds, to the extent of the amount stated in subsection (a) of this section, shall be used by the Department of Administrative Services for the purpose of providing grants-in-aid for school air quality improvements including, but not limited to, upgrades to, replacement of or installation of heating, ventilation and air conditioning equipment, provided (1) not more than fifty million dollars of such proceeds may be used to provide reimbursements for such improvements that were completed not earlier than March 1, 2020, and not later than July 1, 2022, and (2) not more than fifteen million dollars of such proceeds shall be used for grants-in-aid for the purchase of equipment and materials for the construction and installation of individual classroom air purifiers, provided not more than eleven million five hundred thousand dollars of such proceeds shall be used by The University of Connecticut as part of the Supplemental Air Filtration for Education program under the Clean Air Equity Response Program for the purposes described in this subdivision, and the remainder of such proceeds shall be used by an organization or organizations that provide equipment and materials for individual classroom air purifiers to schools.

(c) All provisions of section 3-20 , or the exercise of any right or power granted thereby, which are not inconsistent with the provisions of this section are hereby adopted and shall apply to all bonds authorized by the State Bond Commission pursuant to this section, and temporary notes in anticipation of the money to be derived from the sale of any such bonds so authorized may be issued in accordance with said section 3-20 and from time to time renewed. Such bonds shall mature at such time or times not exceeding twenty years from their respective dates as may be provided in or pursuant to the resolution or resolutions of the State Bond Commission authorizing such bonds. None of said bonds shall be authorized except upon a finding by the State Bond Commission that there has been filed with it a request for such authorization which is signed by or on behalf of the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management and states such terms and conditions as said commission, in its discretion, may require. Said bonds issued pursuant to this section shall be general obligations of the state and the full faith and credit of the state of Connecticut are pledged for the payment of the principal of and interest on said bonds as the same become due, and accordingly and as part of the contract of the state with the holders of said bonds, appropriation of all amounts necessary for punctual payment of such principal and interest is hereby made, and the State Treasurer shall pay such principal and interest as the same become due.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 10a-55v — Connecticut Code / Title 10a / Chapter 185 / Section 10a-55v
Sec. 10a-55v. Go Back to Get Ahead program.
Status: in_force

(b) Subject to the guidelines established by the Board of Regents for Higher Education, the Go Back to Get Ahead program shall provide, within available resources, an incentive of up to three free three-credit courses necessary for the completion of an associate's or bachelor's degree to any resident of this state who previously enrolled in an associate's or bachelor's degree program at any public or independent institution of higher education, who either (1) left such program prior to completing it, or (2) received an associate's degree and seeks to enroll in a bachelor's degree program, and who has not attended any institution of higher education for at least eighteen months as of June 30, 2014. Said program shall be limited to individuals who enroll, not later than September 30, 2016, in an associate's or bachelor's degree program at a state college within the Connecticut State University System, a regional community-technical college or Charter Oak State College.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 10-91g — Connecticut Code / Title 10 / Chapter 164 / Section 10-91g
Sec. 10-91g. Audits of private providers of special education services.
Status: in_force

(b) In accomplishing their duties as set forth in section 7-396a and in accordance with the authority granted under chapter 111, the Auditors of Public Accounts shall act as an agent of a local or regional board of education for the purposes of conducting an audit to examine the records and accounts of any private provider of special education services that (1) has entered into an agreement or contract with a local or regional board of education, pursuant to section 10-76d , or 10-91j , or (2) receives any state or local funds to provide special education and related services, in connection with any grant made by any state agency pursuant to any section of the general statutes or any public or special act. Such examination shall include a compliance audit of whether such state or local funds to provide special education and related services have been expended for allowable costs, in accordance with state and federal law and the individualized education program or individual services plan for each child receiving special education and related services from such private provider of special education services.

(c) The Auditors of Public Accounts shall conduct the audit described in subsection (b) of this section as follows: (1) The Auditors of Public Accounts, using a risk-based approach, shall audit private providers of special education services at a frequency that they deem necessary, except that no private provider of special education services shall have its records and accounts so examined more than once during such five-year period, unless the auditors have found a problem with the records and accounts of such private provider of special education services during such five-year period; (2) audits shall be of private providers of special education services approved by the Department of Education and of private providers of special education services not approved by the Department of Education; and (3) priority of conducting such audits, as practical, shall be given to those private providers of special education services (A) that receive the greatest total amount of state or local funds for the provision of special education services to students, (B) that provide special education services to the highest number of students for whom an individual services plan has been written by a local or regional board of education, and (C) that have a highest proportion of state and local funds for the provision of special education services in relation to their total operational expenses.

(d) The Auditors of Public Accounts may (1) consult the Department of Education during the course of an audit described in subsection (b) of this section for the purposes of conducting such audit, and (2) share any preliminary audit findings with the department.

(e) The Auditors of Public Accounts shall report their findings to (1) the local or regional board of education that has entered into an agreement or contract with the private provider of special education services, pursuant to section 10-76d , or 10-91j , or that has completed an individualized education program or individual services plan for a student receiving special education and related services from a private provider of special education services, (2) the Commissioner of Education, and (3) the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to education, in accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a .
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 10-374 — Connecticut Code / Title 10 / Chapter 182 / Section 10-374
Sec. 10-374. Compact for Education.
Status: in_force

COMPACT FOR EDUCATION

ARTICLE I

Purpose and Policy.

A. It is the purpose of this compact to:

1. Establish and maintain close cooperation and understanding among executive, legislative, professional educational and lay leadership on a nation-wide basis at the State and local levels.

2. Provide a forum for the discussion, development, crystalization and recommendation of public policy alternatives in the field of education.

3. Provide a clearing house of information on matters relating to educational problems and how they are being met in different places throughout the Nation, so that the executive and legislative branches of State Government and of local communities may have ready access to the experience and record of the entire country, and so that both lay and professional groups in the field of education may have additional avenues for the sharing of experience and the interchange of ideas in the formation of public policy in education.

4. Facilitate the improvement of State and local educational systems so that all of them will be able to meet adequate and desirable goals in a society which requires continuous qualitative and quantitative advance in educational opportunities, methods and facilities.

B. It is the policy of this compact to encourage and promote local and State initiative in the development, maintenance, improvement and administration of educational systems and institutions in a manner which will accord with the needs and advantages of diversity among localities and States.

C. The party States recognize that each of them has an interest in the quality and quantity of education furnished in each of the other States, as well as in the excellence of its own educational systems and institutions, because of the highly mobile character of individuals within the Nation, and because the products and services contributing to the health, welfare and economic advancement of each State are supplied in significant part by persons educated in other States.

ARTICLE II

State Defined.

As used in this Compact, “State” means a State, territory or possession of the United States, the District of Columbia, or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

ARTICLE III

The Commission.

A. The Education Commission of the States, hereinafter called “the Commission,” is hereby established. The Commission shall consist of seven members representing each party State. One of such members shall be the Governor; two shall be members of the State legislature selected by its respective houses and serving in such manner as the legislature may determine; and four shall be appointed by and serve at the pleasure of the Governor unless the laws of the State otherwise provide. If the laws of a State prevent legislators from serving on the Commission, six members shall be appointed and serve at the pleasure of the Governor, unless the laws of the State otherwise provide. In addition to any other principles or requirements which a State may establish for the appointment and service of its members of the Commission, the guiding principle for the composition of the membership on the Commission from each party State shall be that the members representing such State shall, by virtue of their training, experience, knowledge or affiliations be in a position collectively to reflect broadly the interests of the State Government, higher education, the State education system, local education, lay and professional, public and nonpublic educational leadership. Of those appointees, one shall be the head of a state agency or institution, designated by the Governor, having responsibility for one or more programs of public education. In addition to the members of the Commission representing the party States, there may be not to exceed ten nonvoting commissioners selected by the leading national organizations of professional educators or persons concerned with educational administration.

B. The members of the Commission shall be entitled to one vote each on the Commission. No action of the Commission shall be binding unless taken at a meeting at which a majority of the total number of votes on the Commission are cast in favor thereof. Action of the Commission shall be only at a meeting at which a majority of the Commissioners are present. The Commission shall meet at least once a year. In its bylaws, and subject to such directions and limitations as may be contained therein, the Commission may delegate the exercise of any of its powers to the steering committee or the Executive Director, except for the power to approve budgets or requests for appropriations, the power to make policy recommendations pursuant to Article IV and adoption of the annual report pursuant to Article III (j).

C. The Commission shall have a seal.

D. The Commission shall elect annually, from among its members, a chairman, who shall be a Governor, a vice chairman and a treasurer. The Commission shall provide for the appointment of an executive director. Such executive director shall serve at the pleasure of the Commission, and together with the treasurer and such other personnel as the Commission may deem appropriate shall be bonded in such amount as the Commission shall determine. The executive director shall be secretary.

E. Irrespective of the civil service, personnel or other merit system laws of any of the party States, the executive director subject to the approval of the steering committee shall appoint, remove or discharge such personnel as may be necessary for the performance of the functions of the Commission, and shall fix the duties and compensation of such personnel. The Commission in its bylaws shall provide for the personnel policies and programs of the Commission.

F. The Commission may borrow, accept or contract for the services of personnel from any party jurisdiction, the United States, or any subdivision or agency of the aforementioned governments, or from any agency of two or more of the party jurisdictions or their subdivisions.

G. The Commission may accept for any of its purposes and functions under this compact any and all donations, and grants of money, equipment, supplies, materials and services, conditional or otherwise, from any State, the United States, or any other governmental agency, or from any person, firm, association, foundation, or corporation, and may receive, utilize and dispose of the same. Any donation or grant accepted by the Commission pursuant to this paragraph or services borrowed pursuant to paragraph (f) of this Article shall be reported in the annual report of the Commission. Such report shall include the nature, amount and conditions, if any, of the donation, grant, or services borrowed, and the identity of the donor or lender.

H. The Commission may establish and maintain such facilities as may be necessary for the transacting of its business. The Commission may acquire, hold, and convey real and personal property and any interest therein.

I. The Commission shall adopt bylaws for the conduct of its business and shall have the power to amend and rescind these bylaws. The Commission shall publish its bylaws in convenient form and shall file a copy thereof and a copy of any amendment thereto, with the appropriate agency or officer in each of the party States.

J. The Commission annually shall make to the Governor and legislature of each party State a report covering the activities of the Commission for the preceding year. The Commission may make such additional reports as it may deem desirable.

ARTICLE IV

Powers.

In addition to authority conferred on the Commission by other provisions of the compact, the Commission shall have authority to:

1. Collect, correlate, analyze and interpret information and data concerning educational needs and resources.

2. Encourage and foster research in all aspects of education, but with special reference to the desirable scope of instruction, organization, administration, and instructional methods and standards employed or suitable for employment in public educational systems.

3. Develop proposals for adequate financing of education as a whole and at each of its many levels.

4. Conduct or participate in research of the types referred to in this Article in any instance where the Commission finds that such research is necessary for the advancement of the purposes and policies of this compact, utilizing fully the resources of national associations, regional compact organizations for higher education, and other agencies and institutions, both public and private.

5. Formulate suggested policies and plans for the improvement of public education as a whole, or for any segment thereof, and make recommendations with respect thereto available to the appropriate governmental units, agencies and public officials.

6. Do such other things as may be necessary or incidental to the administration of any of its authority or functions pursuant to this compact.

ARTICLE V

Cooperation With Federal Government.

A. If the laws of the United States specifically so provide, or if administrative provision is made therefor within the Federal Government, the United States may be represented on the Commission by not to exceed ten representatives. Any such representative or representatives of the United States shall be appointed and serve in such manner as may be provided by or pursuant to Federal law, and may be drawn from any one or more branches of the Federal Government, but no such representative shall have a vote on the Commission.

B. The Commission may provide information and make recommendations to any executive or legislative agency or officer of the Federal Government concerning the common educational policies of the States, and may advise with any such agencies or officers concerning any matter of mutual interest.

ARTICLE VI

Committees.

A. To assist in the expeditious conduct of its business when the full Commission is not meeting, the Commission shall elect a steering committee of thirty-two members which, subject to the provisions of this compact and consistent with the policies of the Commission, shall be constituted and function as provided in the bylaws of the Commission. One-fourth of the voting membership of the steering committee shall consist of Governors, one-fourth shall consist of Legislators, and the remainder shall consist of other members of the Commission. A Federal representative on the Commission may serve with the steering committee, but without vote. The voting members of the steering committee shall serve for terms of two years, except that members elected to the first steering committee of the Commission shall be elected as follows: Sixteen for one year and sixteen for two years. The chairman, vice chairman, and treasurer of the Commission shall be members of the steering committee and, anything in this paragraph to the contrary notwithstanding, shall serve during their continuance in these offices. Vacancies in the steering committee shall not affect its authority to act, but the Commission at its next regularly ensuing meeting following the occurrence of any vacancy shall fill it for the unexpired term. No person shall serve more than two terms as a member of the steering committee; provided that service for a partial term of one year or less shall not be counted toward the two term limitation.

B. The Commission may establish advisory and technical committees composed of State, local, and Federal officials, and private persons to advise it with respect to any one or more of its functions. Any advisory or technical committee may, on request of the States concerned, be established to consider any matter of special concern to two or more of the party States.

C. The Commission may establish such additional committees as its bylaws may provide.

ARTICLE VII

Finance.

A. The Commission shall advise the Governor or designated officer or officers of each party State of its budget and estimated expenditures for such period as may be required by the laws of that party State. Each of the Commission's budgets of estimated expenditures shall contain specific recommendations of the amount or amounts to be appropriated by each of the party States.

B. The total amount of appropriation requests under any budget shall be apportioned among the party States. In making such apportionment, the Commission shall devise and employ a formula which takes equitable account of the populations and per capita income levels of the party States.

C. The Commission shall not pledge the credit of any party States. The Commission may meet any of its obligations in whole or in part with funds available to it pursuant to Article III (g) of this compact, provided that the Commission takes specific action setting aside such funds prior to incurring an obligation to be met in whole or in part in such manner. Except where the Commission makes use of funds available to it pursuant to Article III (g) thereof, the Commission shall not incur any obligation prior to the allotment of funds by the party States adequate to meet the same.

D. The Commission shall keep accurate accounts of all receipts and disbursements. The receipts and disbursements of the Commission shall be subject to the audit and accounting procedures established by its bylaws. However, all receipts and disbursements of funds handled by the Commission shall be audited yearly by a qualified public accountant, and the report of the audit shall be included in and become part of the annual reports of the Commission.

E. The accounts of the Commission shall be open at any reasonable time for inspection by duly constituted officers of the party States and by any persons authorized by the Commission.

F. Nothing contained herein shall be construed to prevent Commission compliance with laws relating to audit or inspection of accounts by or on behalf of any government contributing to the support of the Commission.

ARTICLE VIII

Eligible Parties; Entry Into and Withdrawal.

A. This compact shall have as eligible parties all States, Territories, and Possessions of the United States, the District of Columbia, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. In respect of any such jurisdiction not having a Governor, the term “Governor,” as used in this compact, shall mean the closest equivalent official of such jurisdiction.

B. Any State or other eligible jurisdiction may enter into this compact and it shall become binding thereon when it has adopted the same: Provided that in order to enter into initial effect, adoption by at least ten eligible party jurisdictions shall be required.

C. Adoption of the compact may be either by enactment thereof or by adherence thereto by the Governor; provided that in the absence of enactment, adherence by the Governor shall be sufficient to make his State a party only until December 31, 1967. During any period when a State is participating in this compact through gubernatorial action, the Governor shall appoint those persons who, in addition to himself, shall serve as the members of the Commission from his State, and shall provide to the Commission an equitable share of the financial support of the Commission from any source available to him.

D. Except for a withdrawal effective on December 31, 1967, in accordance with paragraph C of this Article, any party State may withdraw from this compact by enacting a statute repealing the same, but no such withdrawal shall take effect until one year after the Governor of the withdrawing State has given notice in writing of the withdrawal to the Governors of all other party States. No withdrawal shall affect any liability already incurred by or chargeable to a party State prior to the time of such withdrawal.

ARTICLE IX

Construction and Severability.

This compact shall be liberally construed so as to effectuate the purposes thereof. The provisions of this compact shall be severable and if any phrase, clause, sentence or provision of this compact is declared to be contrary to the constitution of any State or of the United States, or the application thereof to any Government, agency, person or circumstance is held invalid, the validity of the remainder of this compact and the applicability thereof to any Government, agency, person or circumstance shall not be affected thereby. If this compact shall be held contrary to the constitution of any State participating therein, the compact shall remain in full force and effect as to the State affected as to all severable matters. Adopted by thirty-six states, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 10-25b — Connecticut Code / Title 10 / Chapter 164 / Section 10-25b
Sec. 10-25b. Model curriculum for grades kindergarten to eight.
Status: in_force

(b) The content of the model curriculum shall (1) be rigorous, age-appropriate, aligned with curriculum guidelines approved by the State Board of Education and in accordance with the state-wide subject matter content standards, adopted by the state board pursuant to section 10-4 , (2) be in accordance with the program of instruction and subject matter requirements prescribed in section 10-16b , and (3) include and integrate throughout such model curriculum at least the following: (A) The subject matter prescribed in section 10-16b , (B) Native American studies, (C) Asian American and Pacific Islander studies, (D) lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and other sexual orientations and gender identities studies, (E) climate change, (F) personal financial management and financial literacy, (G) the military service and experience of American veterans, (H) civics and citizenship, including instruction in digital citizenship and media literacy that provides students with the knowledge and skills necessary to safely, ethically, responsibly and effectively use digital technologies to create and consume digital content, communicate with others and participate in social and civic activities, (I) the principles of social-emotional learning, (J) racism, (K) cursive writing, and (L) world languages beginning in kindergarten.

(c) In developing the model curriculum, the Department of Education and State Education Resource Center (1) shall consult with persons and organizations with subject matter expertise in developing the model curriculum, and (2) may utilize existing and appropriate public or private materials, personnel and other resources, and accept gifts, grants and donations, including in-kind donations, designated for the development of the model curriculum under this section.

(d) The Department of Education shall make the model curriculum available to local and regional boards of education and on the department's Internet web site.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 10-16n — Connecticut Code / Title 10 / Chapter 164 / Section 10-16n
Sec. 10-16n. (Note: This section is repealed, effective July 1, 2025.) Head Start and Early Head Start grant program. Grant allocation. Advisory committee.
Status: in_force

(b) The Office of Early Childhood shall annually allocate to each town in which the number of children under the temporary family assistance program, as defined in subdivision (17) of section 10-262f , equals or exceeds nine hundred children, (1) determined for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1996, to June 30, 2024, inclusive, an amount equal to one hundred fifty thousand dollars plus eight and one-half dollars for each child under the temporary family assistance program, provided such amount may be reduced proportionately so that the total amount awarded pursuant to this subsection does not exceed two million seven hundred thousand dollars, and (2) for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2025, an amount determined in accordance with the provisions of section 35 of public act 24-78*. The office shall award grants to the local and regional boards of education for such towns and nonprofit agencies located in such towns which meet the criteria established pursuant to subsection (a) of this section to maintain the programs established or expanded with funds provided pursuant to this subsection in the fiscal years ending June 30, 1996, and June 30, 1997. Any funds remaining in the allocation to such a town after grants are so awarded shall be used to increase allocations to other such towns. Any funds remaining after grants are so awarded to boards of education and nonprofit agencies in all such towns shall be available to local and regional boards of education and nonprofit agencies in other towns in the state for grants for such purposes.

(c) There is established a committee to advise the commissioner concerning the coordination, priorities for allocation and distribution, and utilization of funds for Head Start and Early Head Start and concerning the competitive grant program established under this section, and to evaluate programs funded pursuant to this section. The committee shall consist of the following members: (1) One member designated by the commissioner; (2) six members who are directors of Head Start programs, two from community action agency program sites or school readiness liaisons, one of whom shall be appointed by the president pro tempore of the Senate and one by the speaker of the House of Representatives, two from public school program sites, one of whom shall be appointed by the majority leader of the Senate and one by the majority leader of the House of Representatives, and two from other nonprofit agency program sites, one of whom shall be appointed by the minority leader of the Senate and one by the minority leader of the House of Representatives; (3) one member designated by the Commission on Women, Children, Seniors, Equity and Opportunity; (4) one member designated by the Early Childhood Cabinet, established pursuant to section 10-16z ; (5) two members designated by the Head Start Association, one of whom shall be the parent of a present or former Head Start student; (6) one member designated by the Connecticut Association for Community Action who shall have expertise and experience concerning Head Start; (7) one member designated by the Region I Office of Head Start within the federal Administration of Children and Families of the Department of Health and Human Services; and (8) the director of the Head Start Collaboration Office.

(d) The commissioner may adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, for purposes of this section.

*Note: Section 35 of public act 24-78 is special in nature and therefore has not been codified but remains in full force and effect according to its terms.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 10-74o — Connecticut Code / Title 10 / Chapter 164 / Section 10-74o
Sec. 10-74o. State-wide Transition Services Coordinator, duties.
Status: in_force

(1) “Transition service” has the same meaning as provided in 34 CFR 300.43, as amended from time to time;

(2) “Transition resources” means sources of information, counseling or training concerning transition services or programs;

(3) “Transition program” means a program to provide transition services as recommended by the planning and placement team for a student who requires special education and is eighteen to twenty-two years of age, inclusive, based on the goals set forth in such student's individualized education program; and

(4) “Transition coordinator” means a director of pupil personnel or other person employed by a local or regional board of education, as designated by such director, who assists parents and students in the school district governed by such board navigate the transition resources, transition services and transition programs operated by a local or regional board of education or a regional educational service center available for such students.

(b) The Department of Education shall employ a State-wide Transition Services Coordinator within the Bureau of Special Education. The State-wide Transition Services Coordinator shall (1) coordinate the provision of transition resources, transition services and transition programs operated by a local or regional board of education or a regional educational service center throughout the state in collaboration with the liaisons appointed by other state agencies pursuant to section 10-74m , (2) establish minimum standards for transition programs operated by a local or regional board of education or a regional educational service center and metrics for measuring such standards, (3) perform site visits of transition programs operated by a local or regional board of education or a regional educational service center for the purpose of determining the effectiveness of and suggesting improvements to such programs and post data on the department's Internet web site related to how such transition program measured against the minimum standards established pursuant to subdivision (2) of this subsection, except the State-wide Transition Services Coordinator or the Department of Education may perform any necessary unannounced site visit of such transition programs in addition to the site visits described in this subdivision, (4) develop and make available on the department's Internet web site a course for educators and school staff who do not provide transition services to inform such educators and staff about transition services and programs, including, but not limited to, about the purpose, essential programming and deadlines of such programs, (5) establish minimum standards for the training of transition coordinators and maintain a record of each transition coordinator completing the training program developed by the Department of Education pursuant to section 10-74r , and (6) establish best practices for the provision of transition services and distribute such best practices to each transition coordinator.

(c) The Commissioner of Education shall (1) hire at least one Assistant State-wide Transition Services Coordinator to assist with the duties of the State-wide Transition Services Coordinator as set forth in subsection (b) of this section, and (2) make available such staff as the needs of the State-wide Transition Services Coordinator and such Assistant State-wide Transition Services Coordinator require.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 10-16b — Connecticut Code / Title 10 / Chapter 164 / Section 10-16b
Sec. 10-16b. *(See end of section for amended version and effective date.) Prescribed courses of study.
Status: in_force

(b) If a local or regional board of education requires its pupils to take a course in a world language, the parent or guardian of a pupil identified as deaf or hard of hearing may request in writing that such pupil be exempted from such requirement and, if such a request is made, such pupil shall be exempt from such requirement.

(c) Each local and regional board of education shall on September 1, 1982, and annually thereafter at such time and in such manner as the Commissioner of Education shall request, attest to the State Board of Education that such local or regional board of education offers at least the program of instruction required pursuant to this section, and that such program of instruction is planned, ongoing and systematic.

(d) The State Board of Education shall make available curriculum materials and such other materials as may assist local and regional boards of education in developing instructional programs pursuant to this section. The State Board of Education, within available appropriations and utilizing available resource materials, shall assist and encourage local and regional boards of education to include: (1) Holocaust and genocide education and awareness; (2) the historical events surrounding the Great Famine in Ireland; (3) African-American and black studies; (4) Puerto Rican and Latino studies; (5) Native American studies; (6) personal financial management, including, but not limited to, financial literacy as developed in the plan provided under section 10-16pp ; (7) training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the use of automatic external defibrillators; (8) labor history and law, including organized labor, the collective bargaining process, existing legal protections in the workplace, the history and economics of free market capitalism and entrepreneurialism, and the role of labor and capitalism in the development of the American and world economies; (9) climate change consistent with the Next Generation Science Standards; (10) topics approved by the state board upon the request of local or regional boards of education as part of the program of instruction offered pursuant to subsection (a) of this section; and (11) instruction relating to the Safe Haven Act, sections 17a-57 to 17a-61 , inclusive. The Department of Energy and Environmental Protection shall be available to each local and regional board of education for the development of curriculum on climate change as described in this subsection.

*Note: On and after July 1, 2025, this section, as amended by section 32 of public act 22-80, section 3 of public act 23-21, section 7 of public act 23-150 and section 19 of public act 23-160, is to read as follows:

“Sec. 10-16b. Prescribed courses of study. (a) In the public schools the program of instruction offered shall include at least the following subject matter, as taught by legally qualified teachers, the arts; career education; consumer education; personal financial management and financial literacy; health and safety, including, but not limited to, human growth and development, nutrition, first aid, including cardiopulmonary resuscitation training in accordance with the provisions of section 10-16qq, disease prevention and cancer awareness, including, but not limited to, age and developmentally appropriate instruction in performing self-examinations for the purposes of screening for breast cancer and testicular cancer, community and consumer health, physical, mental and emotional health, including youth suicide prevention, substance abuse prevention, including instruction relating to opioid use and related disorders, safety, which shall include the safe use of social media, as defined in section 9-601, and may include the dangers of gang membership, and accident prevention; language arts, including reading, writing, grammar, speaking and spelling; mathematics; physical education; science, which may include the climate change curriculum described in subsection (d) of this section; social studies, including, but not limited to, civics and media literacy, citizenship, economics, geography, government, history and Holocaust and genocide education and awareness in accordance with the provisions of section 10-18f; African-American and black studies in accordance with the provisions of section 10-16ss; Puerto Rican and Latino studies in accordance with the provisions of section 10-16ss; Native American studies, in accordance with the provisions of section 10-16vv; Asian American and Pacific Islander studies, in accordance with the provisions of section 10-66ww; computer programming instruction; and in addition, on at least the secondary level, one or more world languages; vocational education; and the black and Latino studies course in accordance with the provisions of sections 10-16tt and 10-16uu. For purposes of this subsection, world languages shall include American Sign Language, provided such subject matter is taught by a qualified instructor under the supervision of a teacher who holds a certificate issued by the State Board of Education. For purposes of this subsection, the “arts” means any form of visual or performing arts, which may include, but not be limited to, dance, music, art and theatre; and “reading” means evidence-based instruction that focuses on competency in oral language, phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, rapid automatic name or letter name fluency and reading comprehension.

(b) If a local or regional board of education requires its pupils to take a course in a world language, the parent or guardian of a pupil identified as deaf or hard of hearing may request in writing that such pupil be exempted from such requirement and, if such a request is made, such pupil shall be exempt from such requirement.

(c) Each local and regional board of education shall on September 1, 1982, and annually thereafter at such time and in such manner as the Commissioner of Education shall request, attest to the State Board of Education that such local or regional board of education offers at least the program of instruction required pursuant to this section, and that such program of instruction is planned, ongoing and systematic.

(d) The State Board of Education shall make available curriculum materials and such other materials as may assist local and regional boards of education in developing instructional programs pursuant to this section. The State Board of Education, within available appropriations and utilizing available resource materials, shall assist and encourage local and regional boards of education to include: (1) Holocaust and genocide education and awareness; (2) the historical events surrounding the Great Famine in Ireland; (3) African-American and black studies; (4) Puerto Rican and Latino studies; (5) Native American studies; (6) Asian American and Pacific Islander studies; (7) personal financial management, including, but not limited to, financial literacy as developed in the plan provided under section 10-16pp; (8) training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the use of automatic external defibrillators; (9) labor history and law, including organized labor, the collective bargaining process, existing legal protections in the workplace, the history and economics of free market capitalism and entrepreneurialism, and the role of labor and capitalism in the development of the American and world economies; (10) climate change consistent with the Next Generation Science Standards; (11) topics approved by the state board upon the request of local or regional boards of education as part of the program of instruction offered pursuant to subsection (a) of this section; and (12) instruction relating to the Safe Haven Act, sections 17a-57 to 17a-61, inclusive. The Department of Energy and Environmental Protection shall be available to each local and regional board of education for the development of curriculum on climate change as described in this subsection.”

See Sec. 10-19 re courses concerning effects of alcohol, nicotine or tobacco and drugs.

See Sec. 10-221a re high school graduation requirements.

See Sec. 29-7n(a) re definition of “gang”.

Cited. 187 C. 187; 195 C. 24; 238 C. 1.

Cited. 44 CA 179.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 10-221a — Connecticut Code / Title 10 / Chapter 170 / Section 10-221a
Sec. 10-221a. High school graduation requirements. Student support and remedial services. Excusal from physical education requirement. Diplomas for certain veterans and certain persons assisting in the war effort during World War II. Student success plans. Connecticut State Seal of Biliteracy.
Status: in_force

(b) For classes graduating from 2004 to 2022, inclusive, no local or regional board of education shall permit any student to graduate from high school or grant a diploma to any student who has not satisfactorily completed a minimum of twenty credits, not fewer than four of which shall be in English, not fewer than three in mathematics, not fewer than three in social studies, including at least a one-half credit course on civics and American government, not fewer than two in science, not fewer than one in the arts or vocational education and not fewer than one in physical education.

(c) For classes graduating from 2023 to 2026, inclusive, no local or regional board of education shall permit any student to graduate from high school or grant a diploma to any student who has not satisfactorily completed a minimum of twenty-five credits, including not fewer than: (1) Nine credits in the humanities, including civics and the arts; (2) nine credits in science, technology, engineering and mathematics; (3) one credit in physical education and wellness; (4) one credit in health and safety education, as described in section 10-16b ; and (5) one credit in world languages, subject to the provisions of subsection (g) of this section. A local or regional board of education may require a student to complete a one credit mastery-based diploma assessment in order to graduate from high school or be granted a diploma.

(d) Commencing with classes graduating in 2027, and for each graduating class thereafter, no local or regional board of education shall permit any student to graduate from high school or grant a diploma to any student who has not satisfied the requirements of section 10-221z and not satisfactorily completed a minimum of twenty-five credits, including not fewer than: (1) Nine credits in the humanities, including civics and the arts; (2) nine credits in science, technology, engineering and mathematics; (3) one credit in physical education and wellness; (4) one credit in health and safety education, as described in section 10-16b ; (5) one credit in world languages, subject to the provisions of subsection (g) of this section; and (6) one-half credit in personal financial management and financial literacy, which may count towards the requirement described in subdivision (1) or (2) of this subsection or as an elective credit.

(e) Commencing with classes graduating in 2023, and for each graduating class thereafter, local and regional boards of education shall provide adequate student support and remedial services for students beginning in grade seven. Such student support and remedial services shall provide alternate means for a student to complete any of the high school graduation requirements described in subsections (c) and (d) of this section, if such student is unable to satisfactorily complete any of the required courses or exams. Such student support and remedial services shall include, but not be limited to, (1) allowing students to retake courses in summer school or through an on-line course; (2) allowing students to enroll in a class offered at a constituent unit of the state system of higher education, as defined in section 10a-1 , pursuant to subdivision (4) of subsection (h) of this section; (3) allowing students who received a failing score, as determined by the Commissioner of Education, on an end of the school year exam to take an alternate form of the exam; and (4) allowing those students whose individualized education programs state that such students are eligible for an alternate assessment to demonstrate competency on any of the five core courses through success on such alternate assessment.

(f) Any student who presents a certificate from a physician, physician assistant or advanced practice registered nurse stating that, in the opinion of the physician, physician assistant or advanced practice registered nurse, participation in physical education is medically contraindicated because of the physical condition of such student, shall be excused from the physical education requirement, provided the credit for physical education may be fulfilled by an elective.

(g) Determination of eligible credits shall be at the discretion of the local or regional board of education, provided the primary focus of the curriculum of eligible credits corresponds directly to the subject matter of the specified course requirements. The local or regional board of education may permit a student to graduate during a period of expulsion pursuant to section 10-233d , if the board determines the student has satisfactorily completed the necessary credits pursuant to this section. The requirements of this section shall apply to any student requiring special education pursuant to section 10-76a , except when the planning and placement team for such student determines the requirement not to be appropriate. For purposes of this section, a credit shall consist of not less than the equivalent of a forty-minute class period for each school day of a school year except for a credit or part of a credit toward high school graduation earned (1) at an institution accredited by the Board of Regents for Higher Education or Office of Higher Education or regionally accredited, (2) through on-line coursework that is in accordance with a policy adopted pursuant to subsection (h) of this section, or (3) through a demonstration of mastery based on competency and performance standards, in accordance with guidelines adopted by the State Board of Education.

(h) Only courses taken in grades nine to twelve, inclusive, and that are in accordance with the state-wide subject matter content standards, adopted by the State Board of Education pursuant to section 10-4 , shall satisfy the graduation requirements set forth in this section, except that a local or regional board of education may grant a student credit (1) toward meeting the high school graduation requirements upon the successful demonstration of mastery of the subject matter content described in this section achieved through educational experiences and opportunities that provide flexible and multiple pathways to learning, including cross-curricular graduation requirements, career and technical education, virtual learning, work-based learning, service learning, dual enrollment and early college, courses taken in middle school, internships and student-designed independent studies, provided such demonstration of mastery is in accordance with such state-wide subject matter content standards; (2) toward meeting a specified course requirement upon the successful completion in grade seven or eight of any course, the primary focus of which corresponds directly to the subject matter of a specified course requirement in grades nine to twelve, inclusive; (3) toward meeting the high school graduation requirement upon the successful completion of a world language course (A) in grade six, seven or eight, (B) through on-line coursework, or (C) offered privately through a nonprofit provider, provided such student achieves a passing grade on an examination prescribed, within available appropriations, by the Commissioner of Education and such credits do not exceed four; (4) toward meeting the high school graduation requirement upon achievement of a passing grade on a subject area proficiency examination identified and approved, within available appropriations, by the Commissioner of Education, regardless of the number of hours the student spent in a public school classroom learning such subject matter; (5) toward meeting the high school graduation requirement upon the successful completion of coursework during the school year or summer months at an institution accredited by the Board of Regents for Higher Education or Office of Higher Education or regionally accredited. One three-credit semester course, or its equivalent, at such an institution shall equal one-half credit for purposes of this section; (6) toward meeting the high school graduation requirement upon the successful completion of on-line coursework, provided the local or regional board of education has adopted a policy in accordance with this subdivision for the granting of credit for on-line coursework. Such a policy shall ensure, at a minimum, that (A) the workload required by the on-line course is equivalent to that of a similar course taught in a traditional classroom setting, (B) the content is rigorous and aligned with curriculum guidelines approved by the State Board of Education, where appropriate, (C) the course engages students and has interactive components, which may include, but are not limited to, required interactions between students and their teachers, participation in on-line demonstrations, discussion boards or virtual labs, (D) the program of instruction for such on-line coursework is planned, ongoing and systematic, and (E) the courses are (i) taught by teachers who are certified in the state or another state and have received training on teaching in an on-line environment, or (ii) offered by institutions of higher education that are accredited by the Board of Regents for Higher Education or Office of Higher Education or regionally accredited; or (7) toward meeting the high school graduation requirement upon the successful completion of a credit recovery program approved by the Commissioner of Education.

(i) A local or regional board of education may offer one-half credit in community service which, if satisfactorily completed, shall qualify for high school graduation credit pursuant to this section, provided such community service is supervised by a certified school administrator or teacher and consists of not less than fifty hours of actual service that may be performed at times when school is not regularly in session and not less than ten hours of related classroom instruction. The State Board of Education shall assist local and regional boards of education in meeting the requirements of this section.

(j) (1) A local or regional board of education may award a diploma to a veteran, as defined in subsection (a) of section 27-103 , which veteran or person served during World War II or the Korean hostilities, as described in section 51-49h , or during the Vietnam Era, as defined in section 27-103 , withdrew from high school prior to graduation in order to serve in the armed forces of the United States and did not receive a diploma as a consequence of such service.

(2) A local or regional board of education may award a diploma to any person who (A) withdrew from high school prior to graduation to work in a job that assisted the war effort during World War II, December 7, 1941, to December 31, 1946, inclusive, (B) did not receive a diploma as a consequence of such work, and (C) has been a resident of the state for at least fifty consecutive years.

(3) (A) A local or regional board of education under whose jurisdiction a student would otherwise be attending school if such student were not educated under the oversight of the education unit of the Department of Children and Families established pursuant to section 17a-3b , shall award a diploma to any such student seventeen years of age or older who satisfactorily completes the minimum credits required pursuant to this section for students graduating in the year in which such diploma is awarded.

(B) If no such local or regional board of education can be identified, the Department of Children and Families shall determine whether a student educated under the oversight of the education unit of the department who is seventeen years of age or older has satisfactorily completed the minimum credits required pursuant to this section for students graduating in the year in which a diploma is sought by such student and the department shall award a diploma to any such student who has met such requirement.

(k) For the school year commencing July 1, 2012, and each school year thereafter, each local and regional board of education shall create a student success plan for each student enrolled in a public school, beginning in grade six. Such student success plan shall include a student's career and academic choices in grades six to twelve, inclusive. Beginning in grade six, such student success plan shall provide evidence of career exploration in each grade including, but not limited to, careers in manufacturing. The Department of Education shall revise and issue to local and regional boards of education guidance regarding changes to such student success plans. On and after July 1, 2020, in creating such student success plans, consideration shall be given to career and academic choices in computer science, science, technology, engineering and mathematics. On and after July 1, 2021, such student success plans shall be created, if possible, in collaboration with each student and the parent or guardian of such student. On and after July 1, 2022, such student success plans shall, to the extent it does not conflict with the career choices of the student or such student's parent or guardian, include an academic plan that is in compliance with the challenging curriculum policy adopted by the local or regional board of education pursuant to section 10-221x . On and after July 1, 2024, in creating such student success plans, consideration shall be given to enrollment opportunities in the Technical Education and Career System.

(l) Commencing with classes graduating in 2018, and for each graduating class thereafter, a local or regional board of education may affix the Connecticut State Seal of Biliteracy, as described in subsection (f) of section 10-5 , to a diploma awarded to a student who has achieved a high level of proficiency in English and one or more foreign languages, as defined in said subsection (f). The local or regional board of education shall include on such student's transcript a designation that the student received the Connecticut State Seal of Biliteracy.

See 10-16b re prescribed courses of study.

Cited. 195 C. 24; 238 C. 1.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 10-215m — Connecticut Code / Title 10 / Chapter 169 / Section 10-215m
Sec. 10-215m. Local food for schools incentive program.
Status: in_force

(1) “Local farm” means a farm, farmers' cooperative, food hub or wholesale distributor located in Connecticut.

(2) “Regional farm” means a farm, farmers' cooperative, food hub or wholesale distributor located in New York, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Vermont, New Hampshire or Maine.

(3) “Locally sourced food” means produce and other farm products that have a traceable point of origin within Connecticut that are grown or produced at, or sold by, a local farm and includes, but is not limited to, value-added dairy, fish, pork, beef, poultry, eggs, fruits, vegetables and minimally processed foods.

(4) “Regionally sourced food” means produce and other farm products that have a traceable point of origin within New York, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Vermont, New Hampshire or Maine that are grown or produced at, or sold by, a regional farm and includes, but is not limited to, value-added dairy, fish, pork, beef, poultry, eggs, fruits, vegetables and minimally processed foods.

(5) “Eligible board of education” means a local or regional board of education that is participating in the National School Lunch Program.

(6) “Eligible meal program” means a meal program provided by an eligible board of education to its students or a meal provided as part of such board's participation in the National School Lunch Program, School Breakfast Program, Seamless Summer Option, After School Snack Program, Summer Food Service Program or the At-Risk Afterschool Meals component of the Child and Adult Care Food Program administered by the United States Department of Agriculture.

(b) For the fiscal year ending June 30, 2024, and each fiscal year thereafter, the Department of Agriculture, in consultation with the Department of Education, shall administer the local food for schools incentive program. Such program shall provide reimbursement payments to eligible boards of education for the purchase of locally sourced food and regionally sourced food that may be used as part of such board's participation in an eligible meal program. An eligible board of education shall be entitled to receive reimbursement payments in accordance with the guidelines developed pursuant to subsection (e) of this section and in an amount equal to (1) one-half of such board's expenditures for locally sourced foods, and (2) one-third of such board's expenditures for regionally sourced foods.

(c) (1) The department shall receive requests from eligible boards of education for reimbursement payments under the program in a manner similar to how the department receives applications under section 10-215b .

(2) Each eligible board of education shall (A) maintain a record of such board's expenditures for all locally sourced food and regionally sourced food, as well as documentation confirming the place of origin of such food, as prescribed by the department, and (B) submit, upon request of the department, such records and documentation to the department for review.

(d) Any locally sourced food or regionally sourced food for which an eligible board of education seeks reimbursement payments under this section shall comply with the nutrition standards established by the department pursuant to section 10-215e .

(e) The department shall develop guidelines for the implementation of the program. Such guidelines shall (1) establish a maximum reimbursement amount based on total student enrollment for each eligible board of education, (2) assist eligible boards of education in participating in the program, and (3) promote geographic, social, economic and racial equity, which may include a preference for socially disadvantaged farmers, as defined in 7 USC 2279(a), as amended from time to time, or small farm businesses.

(f) The department shall develop a survey to be distributed annually to any eligible board of education that receives reimbursement payments under this section. Such survey shall be designed to collect information to assist the department in implementing and improving the program.

(g) In addition to the reimbursement payments otherwise provided pursuant to this section, the department may, within available appropriations, provide supplemental grants to eligible boards of education. Such supplemental grant funds may be expended for the purpose of purchasing kitchen equipment, engaging with school nutrition or farm-to-school consultants or training relating to the processing, preparation and serving of locally sourced food and regionally sourced food. In awarding supplemental grants under this subsection, the department shall give priority to an eligible board of education for a town designated as an alliance district pursuant to section 10-262u .

(h) The department may accept gifts, grants and donations, including in-kind donations, for the administration of the local food for schools incentive program and to implement the provisions of this section.

(i) Any unexpended funds appropriated for purposes of this section shall not lapse at the end of the fiscal year but shall be available for expenditure during the next fiscal year.

(j) Notwithstanding the provisions of this section, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2024, and each fiscal year thereafter, the amount of reimbursement payments payable to eligible boards of education shall be reduced proportionately if the total of such reimbursement payments in such year exceeds the amount appropriated for such reimbursement payments for such year.

(k) Not later than January 1, 2025, and annually thereafter, the department shall submit a report on the local food for schools incentive program to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to education, in accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a . Such report shall include, but need not be limited to, an accounting of the funds appropriated and received by the department for the program, descriptions of the reimbursement payments made under the program and an evaluation of the program.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 10-234aa — Connecticut Code / Title 10 / Chapter 170 / Section 10-234aa
Sec. 10-234aa. Definitions.
Status: in_force

(1) “Contractor” means an operator or consultant that is in possession of or has access to student information, student records or student-generated content as a result of a contract with a local or regional board of education;

(2) “Operator” means any person who (A) operates an Internet web site, online service or mobile application with actual knowledge that such Internet web site, online service or mobile application is used for school purposes and was designed and marketed for school purposes, to the extent it is engaged in the operation of such Internet web site, online service or mobile application, and (B) collects, maintains or uses student information;

(3) “Consultant” means a professional who provides noninstructional services, including, but not limited to, administrative, planning, analysis, statistical or research services, to a local or regional board of education pursuant to a contract with such local or regional board of education;

(4) “Student information” means personally identifiable information or material of a student in any media or format that is not publicly available and is any of the following: (A) Created or provided by a student or the parent or legal guardian of a student, to the operator in the course of the student, parent or legal guardian using the operator's Internet web site, online service or mobile application for school purposes, (B) created or provided by an employee or agent of a local or regional board of education to an operator for school purposes, or (C) gathered by an operator through the operation of the operator's Internet web site, online service or mobile application and identifies a student, including, but not limited to, information in the student's records or electronic mail account, first or last name, home address, telephone number, date of birth, electronic mail address, discipline records, test results, grades, evaluations, criminal records, medical records, health records, Social Security number, biometric information, disabilities, socioeconomic information, food purchases, political affiliations, religious affiliations, text messages, documents, student identifiers, search activity, photographs, voice recordings, survey responses or behavioral assessments;

(5) “Student record” means any information directly related to a student that is maintained by a local or regional board of education, the State Board of Education or the Department of Education or any information acquired from a student through the use of educational software assigned to the student by a teacher or employee of a local or regional board of education, except “student record” does not include de-identified student information allowed under the contract to be used by the contractor to (A) improve educational products for adaptive learning purposes and customize student learning, (B) demonstrate the effectiveness of the contractor's products in the marketing of such products, and (C) develop and improve the contractor's products and services;

(6) “Student-generated content” means any student materials created by a student including, but not limited to, essays, research papers, portfolios, creative writing, music or other audio files or photographs, except “student-generated content” does not include student responses to a standardized assessment;

(7) “Directory information” has the same meaning as provided in 34 CFR 99.3, as amended from time to time;

(8) “School purposes” means purposes that customarily take place at the direction of a teacher or a local or regional board of education, or aid in the administration of school activities, including, but not limited to, instruction in the classroom, administrative activities and collaboration among students, school personnel or parents or legal guardians of students;

(9) “Student” means a person who is a resident of the state and (A) enrolled in a preschool program participating in the state-wide public school information system, pursuant to section 10-10a , (B) enrolled in grades kindergarten to twelve, inclusive, in a public school, (C) receiving special education and related services under an individualized education program, or (D) otherwise the responsibility of a local or regional board of education;

(10) “Targeted advertising” means presenting an advertisement to a student where the selection of the advertisement is based on student information, student records or student-generated content or inferred over time from the usage of the operator's Internet web site, online service or mobile application by such student or the retention of such student's online activities or requests over time for the purpose of targeting subsequent advertisements. “Targeted advertising” does not include any advertising to a student on an Internet web site that such student is accessing at the time or in response to a student's response or request for information or feedback;

(11) “De-identified student information” means any student information that has been altered to prevent the identification of an individual student; and

(12) “Persistent unique identifier” means a unique piece of information that can be used to recognize a user over time and across different Internet web sites, online services or mobile applications and is acquired as a result of the use of a student's use of an operator's Internet web site, online service or mobile application.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 10-76kk — Connecticut Code / Title 10 / Chapter 164 / Section 10-76kk
Sec. 10-76kk. Disproportionate or inappropriate identification of minority students or multilingual learners requiring special education. Report. Study.
Status: in_force

(b) The Department of Education shall study the plans and strategies used by a local or regional board of education that demonstrate improvement in the reduction of the misidentification of minority students or multilingual learners requiring special education under this section. Such study shall examine the association between improvements in teacher training in the science of reading and the reduction in misidentification of students requiring special education services.

(c) For purposes of this section, “minority students” means those whose race is defined as other than white, or whose ethnicity is defined as Hispanic or Latino by the federal Office of Management and Budget for use by the Bureau of Census of the United States Department of Commerce; and “multilingual learners” has the same meaning as provided in section 10-17o .
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 10a-78 — Connecticut Code / Title 10a / Chapter 185b / Section 10a-78
Sec. 10a-78. (Formerly Sec. 10-38i). Establishment of regional colleges.
Status: repealed

(b) The Board of Trustees for Regional Community-Technical Colleges shall establish a regional community-technical college to serve the New Britain-Bristol area as approved by the Board of Regents for Higher Education to be part of the state system of community-technical colleges.

(c) The Board of Trustees for Regional Community-Technical Colleges shall establish a regional community-technical college to serve the northeastern Connecticut area as approved by the Board of Regents for Higher Education to be part of the state system of community-technical colleges.

(d) The Board of Trustees for Regional Community-Technical Colleges shall establish a regional community-technical college to serve the northern Connecticut area comprising the towns of East Granby, East Windsor, Ellington, Enfield, Somers, Stafford, Suffield and Windsor Locks as approved by the Board of Regents for Higher Education to be part of the state system of community-technical colleges.

(e) The Board of Trustees for Regional Community-Technical Colleges shall establish a regional community-technical college to serve the lower Naugatuck Valley area comprising the towns of Ansonia, Derby, Shelton, Seymour, Oxford, Beacon Falls and Naugatuck as approved by the Board of Regents for Higher Education to be part of the state system of community-technical colleges.

(f) Repealed by P.A. 78-331, S. 3, 58.

(g) The Board of Trustees for Regional Community-Technical Colleges shall establish a regional community-technical college to serve the greater Waterbury area as approved by the Board of Regents for Higher Education to be part of the state system of community-technical colleges.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 10-215f — Connecticut Code / Title 10 / Chapter 169 / Section 10-215f
Sec. 10-215f. Certification that food meets nutrition standards.
Status: in_force

(b) Each board of education, the Technical Education and Career System and each governing authority that certifies pursuant to this section compliance with the department's nutrition standards for food may exclude from such certification the sale to students of food items that do not meet such standards, provided (1) such sale is in connection with an event occurring after the end of the regular school day or on the weekend, (2) such sale is at the location of such event, and (3) such food is not sold from a vending machine or school store.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 10-292u — Connecticut Code / Title 10 / Chapter 173 / Section 10-292u
Sec. 10-292u. School building project clearinghouse.
Status: in_force

(b) Any architect or professional engineer who is registered or licensed to practice such person's profession in accordance with the applicable provisions of the general statutes may submit school building project designs, plans and specifications for posting in the school building project clearinghouse. The licensed architect of record or professional engineer of record shall retain ownership and liability for any such design, plan or specifications submitted to the school building project clearinghouse.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 10a-109q — Connecticut Code / Title 10a / Chapter 185b / Section 10a-109q
Sec. 10a-109q. Tax exemption; investment of proceeds.
Status: in_force

(b) Provision may be made in the financing documents or in the financing transaction proceedings for the establishment of a rebate fund and the monitoring thereof and for the execution of a tax regulatory agreement and covenants with respect thereof in order for the interest on the securities to be and to continue to be excludable from gross income for federal income tax purposes pursuant to the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or any subsequent corresponding internal revenue code of the United States, as from time to time amended, to the extent permitted and provided for by such code. The State Treasurer may establish such requirements for compliance with said internal revenue code on securities secured by the state debt service commitment.

(c) Pending the use and application of any proceeds from the sale of any securities issued pursuant to sections 10a-109a to 10a-109y , inclusive, such proceeds may be deposited or invested in obligations permitted for state general obligation bonds pursuant to subsection (f) of section 3-20 and subject to the more particular provisions of the financing transaction proceedings.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 10-233d — Connecticut Code / Title 10 / Chapter 170 / Section 10-233d
Sec. 10-233d. Expulsion of pupils.
Status: in_force

(2) Expulsion proceedings pursuant to this section, except as provided in subsection (i) of this section, shall be required for any pupil in grades kindergarten to twelve, inclusive, whenever there is reason to believe that any pupil (A) on school grounds or at a school-sponsored activity, was in possession of a firearm, as defined in 18 USC 921, as amended from time to time, or deadly weapon, dangerous instrument or martial arts weapon, as defined in section 53a-3 , (B) off school grounds, did possess such a firearm in violation of section 29-35 or did possess and use such a firearm, instrument or weapon in the commission of a crime under chapter 952, or (C) on or off school grounds, offered for sale or distribution a controlled substance, as defined in section 21a-240 , whose manufacture, distribution, sale, prescription, dispensing, transporting or possessing with intent to sell or dispense, offering, or administering is subject to criminal penalties under sections 21a-277 and 21a-278 . Such a pupil shall be expelled for one calendar year if the local or regional board of education or impartial hearing board finds that the pupil did so possess or so possess and use, as appropriate, such a firearm, instrument or weapon or did so offer for sale or distribution such a controlled substance, provided the board of education or the hearing board may modify the period of expulsion for a pupil on a case-by-case basis, and as provided for in subdivision (2) of subsection (c) of this section.

(3) Unless an emergency exists, no pupil shall be expelled without a formal hearing held pursuant to sections 4-176e to 4-180a , inclusive, and section 4-181a , provided whenever such pupil is a minor, the notice required by section 4-177 and section 4-180 shall also be given to the parents or guardian of the pupil at least five business days before such hearing, not including the day of such hearing. If an emergency exists, such hearing shall be held as soon after the expulsion as possible. The notice shall include information concerning the parent's or guardian's and the pupil's legal rights and concerning legal services provided free of charge or at a reduced rate that are available locally and how to access such services. An attorney or other advocate may represent any pupil subject to expulsion proceedings. The parent or guardian of the pupil shall have the right to have the expulsion hearing postponed for up to one week to allow time to obtain representation, except that if an emergency exists, such hearing shall be held as soon after the expulsion as possible.

(b) For purposes of conducting expulsion hearings as required by subsection (a) of this section, any local or regional board of education or any two or more of such boards in cooperation may establish an impartial hearing board of one or more persons. No member of any such board or boards shall be a member of the hearing board. The hearing board shall have the authority to conduct the expulsion hearing and render a final decision in accordance with the provisions of sections 4-176e to 4-180a , inclusive, and section 4-181a .

(c) (1) In determining the length of an expulsion and the nature of the alternative educational opportunity to be offered under subsection (d) of this section, the local or regional board of education, or the impartial hearing board established pursuant to subsection (b) of this section, may receive and consider evidence of past disciplinary problems that have led to removal from a classroom, suspension or expulsion of such pupil.

(2) For any pupil expelled for the first time pursuant to this section and who has never been suspended pursuant to section 10-233c , except for a pupil who has been expelled based on possession of a firearm or deadly weapon as described in subsection (a) of this section, the local or regional board of education may shorten the length of or waive the expulsion period if the pupil successfully completes a board-specified program and meets any other conditions required by the board. Such board-specified program shall not require the pupil or the parent or guardian of the pupil to pay for participation in the program.

(d) No local or regional board of education is required to offer an alternative educational opportunity, except in accordance with this section. Any pupil under sixteen years of age who is expelled shall be offered an alternative educational opportunity, which shall be (1) alternative education, as defined by section 10-74j , with an individualized learning plan, if such board provides such alternative education, or (2) in accordance with the standards adopted by the State Board of Education, pursuant to section 10-233o , during the period of expulsion, provided any parent or guardian of such pupil who does not choose to have such parent's or guardian's child enrolled in an alternative educational opportunity shall not be subject to the provisions of section 10-184 . Any pupil expelled for the first time who is between the ages of sixteen and eighteen and who wishes to continue such pupil's education shall be offered such an alternative educational opportunity if such pupil complies with conditions established by such pupil's local or regional board of education. Such alternative educational opportunity may include, but shall not be limited to, the placement of a pupil who is at least seventeen years of age in an adult education program pursuant to section 10-69 . Any pupil participating in any such adult education program during a period of expulsion shall not be required to withdraw from school under section 10-184 . A local or regional board of education shall count the expulsion of a pupil when the pupil was under sixteen years of age for purposes of determining whether an alternative educational opportunity is required for such pupil when such pupil is between the ages of sixteen and eighteen. A local or regional board of education may offer an alternative educational opportunity to a pupil for whom such alternative educational opportunity is not required pursuant to this section.

(e) If a pupil is expelled pursuant to this section for possession of a firearm, as defined in 18 USC 921, as amended from time to time, or deadly weapon, dangerous instrument or martial arts weapon, as defined in section 53a-3 , the board of education shall report the violation to the local police department or in the case of a student enrolled in a technical education and career school to the state police. If a pupil is expelled pursuant to this section for the sale or distribution of a controlled substance, as defined in section 21a-240 , whose manufacture, distribution, sale, prescription, dispensing, transporting or possessing with the intent to sell or dispense, offering, or administration is subject to criminal penalties under sections 21a-277 and 21a-278 , the board of education shall refer the pupil to an appropriate state or local agency for rehabilitation, intervention or job training, or any combination thereof, and inform the agency of its action.

(f) Whenever a pupil is expelled pursuant to the provisions of this section, notice of the expulsion and the conduct for which the pupil was expelled shall be included on the pupil's cumulative educational record. Such notice, except for notice of an expulsion of a pupil in grades nine to twelve, inclusive, based on possession of a firearm or deadly weapon as described in subsection (a) of this section, (1) shall be expunged from the cumulative educational record by the local or regional board of education if a pupil graduates from high school, or (2) may be expunged from the cumulative educational record by the local or regional board of education before a pupil graduates from high school if (A) in the case of a pupil for which the length of the expulsion period is shortened or the expulsion period is waived pursuant to subdivision (2) of subsection (c) of this section, such board determines that an expungement is warranted at the time such pupil completes the board-specified program and meets any other conditions required by such board pursuant to subdivision (2) of subsection (c) of this section, or (B) such pupil has demonstrated to such board that the conduct and behavior of such pupil in the years following such expulsion warrants an expungement. A local or regional board of education, in determining whether to expunge such notice under subparagraph (B) of this subdivision, may receive and consider evidence of any subsequent disciplinary problems that have led to removal from a classroom, suspension or expulsion of such pupil.

(g) A local or regional board of education may adopt the decision of a pupil expulsion hearing conducted by another school district provided such local or regional board of education or impartial hearing board shall hold a hearing pursuant to the provisions of subsection (a) of this section which shall be limited to a determination of whether the conduct which was the basis for the expulsion would also warrant expulsion under the policies of such board. The pupil shall be excluded from school pending such hearing. The excluded student shall be offered an alternative educational opportunity in accordance with the provisions of subsections (d) and (e) of this section.

(h) Whenever a pupil against whom an expulsion hearing is pending withdraws from school after notification of such hearing but before the hearing is completed and a decision rendered pursuant to this section, (1) notice of the pending expulsion hearing shall be included on the pupil's cumulative educational record, and (2) the local or regional board of education or impartial hearing board shall complete the expulsion hearing and render a decision. If such pupil enrolls in school in another school district, such pupil shall not be excluded from school in the other district pending completion of the expulsion hearing pursuant to this subsection unless an emergency exists, provided nothing in this subsection shall limit the authority of the local or regional board of education for such district to suspend the pupil or to conduct its own expulsion hearing in accordance with this section.

(i) Prior to conducting an expulsion hearing for a child requiring special education and related services described in subparagraph (A) of subdivision (5) of section 10-76a , a planning and placement team shall convene to determine whether the misconduct was caused by the child's disability. If it is determined that the misconduct was caused by the child's disability, the child shall not be expelled. The planning and placement team shall reevaluate the child for the purpose of modifying the child's individualized education program to address the misconduct and to ensure the safety of other children and staff in the school. If it is determined that the misconduct was not caused by the child's disability, the child may be expelled in accordance with the provisions of this section applicable to children who do not require special education and related services. Notwithstanding the provisions of subsections (d) and (e) of this section, whenever a child requiring such special education and related services is expelled, an alternative educational opportunity, consistent with such child's educational needs shall be provided during the period of expulsion.

(j) An expelled pupil may apply for early readmission to school. Except as provided in this subsection, such readmission shall be at the discretion of the local or regional board of education. The board of education may delegate authority for readmission decisions to the superintendent of schools for the school district. If the board delegates such authority, readmission shall be at the discretion of the superintendent. Readmission decisions shall not be subject to appeal to Superior Court. The board or superintendent, as appropriate, may condition such readmission on specified criteria.

(k) Local and regional boards of education shall submit to the Commissioner of Education such information on expulsions for the possession of weapons as required for purposes of the Gun-Free Schools Act of 1994, 20 USC 8921 et seq., as amended from time to time.

(l) (1) Any student who commits an expellable offense and is subsequently placed in a juvenile residential center or any other residential placement for such offense may be expelled by a local or regional board of education in accordance with the provisions of this section. The period of expulsion shall run concurrently with the period of placement in a juvenile residential center or other residential placement.

(2) If a student who committed an expellable offense seeks to return to a school district after participating in a diversionary program or having been placed in a juvenile residential center or any other residential placement and such student has not been expelled by the local or regional board of education for such offense under subdivision (1) of this subsection, the local or regional board of education for the school district to which the student is returning shall allow such student to return and may not expel the student for additional time for such offense.

Cited. 193 C. 93; 238 C. 1.

Cited. 36 CS 357.

Subsec. (a):

Subdiv. (1): Conduct that is “seriously disruptive of the educational process” means conduct that markedly interrupts or severely impedes day-to-day operation of a school; statute void for vagueness since it did not provide student with constitutionally adequate notice that having marijuana in the trunk of a car off school grounds after school hours was seriously disruptive of educational process and would subject him to expulsion. 246 C. 89.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 10-5 — Connecticut Code / Title 10 / Chapter 163 / Section 10-5
Sec. 10-5. State high school diploma; “honors diploma”; Connecticut State Seal of Biliteracy. Payment of fees; exceptions.
Status: in_force

(b) Application to take or retake the examination described in subdivision (1) of subsection (a) of this section shall be accompanied by a money order or certified check in the nonrefundable amount of thirteen dollars. This amount shall include the fee for the state high school diploma.

(c) No (1) veteran, as defined in section 27-103 , (2) member of the armed forces, as defined in section 27-103 , or (3) person under twenty-one years of age shall be required to pay the fees described in subsection (b) of this section. The commissioner may waive any fee described in subsection (b) of this section upon the submission of evidence indicating an inability to pay.

(d) The Commissioner of Education shall keep a correct account of all money received under the provisions of this section and shall deposit with the State Treasurer all such money received by said commissioner. Funds paid to a local or regional board of education under this section shall be deposited in the school activity fund established under section 10-237 and expended to defray the costs of such testing and related administration and information.

(e) The commissioner shall establish criteria by which an “honors diploma” may be issued for exemplary performance on the examination.

(f) The Department of Education shall establish criteria by which a local or regional board of education, or the governing board of any other school that awards diplomas, may affix the Connecticut State Seal of Biliteracy on a diploma awarded to a student who has achieved a high level of proficiency in English and one or more foreign languages. For purposes of this subsection, “foreign language” means a world language other than English and includes American Sign Language and any other language spoken by a Native American tribe.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 10a-57g — Connecticut Code / Title 10a / Chapter 185 / Section 10a-57g
Sec. 10a-57g. Connecticut Preschool through Twenty and Workforce Information Network.
Status: in_force

(1) “Connecticut Preschool through Twenty and Workforce Information Network” or “CP20 WIN” means the Preschool through Twenty and Workforce Information Network maintained in the state.

(2) “Data definitions” means the plain language descriptions of data elements.

(3) “Data dictionary” means a listing of the names of a set of data elements, their definitions and additional meta-data that does not contain any actual data, but provides information about the data in a data set.

(4) “Data elements” mean units of information that are stored or accessed in any data system, such as a student identification number, course code or cumulative grade point average.

(5) “Meta-data” means the information about a data element that provides context for that data element, such as its definition, storage location, format and size.

(6) “Participating agency” means the Connecticut State Colleges and Universities, Department of Education, Labor Department, the Office of Early Childhood, The University of Connecticut, the Connecticut Conference of Independent Colleges or any entity that has executed an enterprise memorandum of understanding for participation in the CP20 WIN and has been approved for participation pursuant to the terms of the enterprise memorandum of understanding.

(7) “Preschool through Twenty and Workforce Information Network” or “P20 WIN” means a state data system for the purpose of matching and linking longitudinally data of state agencies and other organizations to inform policy and practice for education, workforce and supportive service efforts, including, but not limited to, the purpose of conducting audits and evaluations of federal and state education programs.

(8) “Enterprise memorandum of understanding” means a foundational multiparty agreement that sets forth the details of how data is shared and the respective legal rights and responsibilities of each party within the data sharing process, by which the same foundational agreement may be used for new agencies to sign on to the data sharing process and without having to re-sign as agencies sign on or off of such agreement.

(b) There is established a Connecticut Preschool through Twenty and Workforce Information Network. The purpose of the CP20 WIN is to establish processes and structures governing the secure sharing of critical longitudinal data across participating agencies through implementation of the standards and policies of the Preschool through Twenty and Workforce Information Network.

(c) The CP20 WIN shall be governed by an executive board that shall provide oversight of such network. Said executive board shall include, but need not be limited to, the chief executive officer of each participating agency, or their respective designees, the Chief Workforce Officer, or the officer's designee, and the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management, or the secretary's designee. The duties of the executive board shall be to:

(1) Advance a vision for the CP20 WIN including a prioritized research agenda with support from the Office of Policy and Management.

(2) Convene as needed to respond to issues from the data governing board.

(3) Identify and work to secure resources necessary to sustain CP20 WIN funding.

(4) Support system implementation, maintenance and improvement by advocating for the CP20 WIN in regard to policy, legislation and resources.

(5) Advocate and support the state's vision for the CP20 WIN.

(6) Have overall fiscal and policy responsibility for the CP20 WIN.

(7) Ensure that, in any circumstances in which public funds or resources are to be jointly utilized with those from private entities, such arrangements are governed by appropriate agreements approved by the Attorney General.

(8) Establish a data governing board to establish and implement policies related to cross-agency data management, including, but not limited to, data confidentiality and security in alignment with the vision for CP20 WIN and any applicable law. In establishing such policies, the data governing board shall consult with the Office of Policy and Management, in accordance with the provisions of section 4-67n and other applicable statutes and policies.

(d) The executive board established pursuant to this section may appoint advisory committees to make recommendations on data stewardship, data system expansion and processes, and such other areas that will advance the work of CP20 WIN.

(e) On or before January 1, 2022, and annually thereafter, the Chief Workforce Officer may, in consultation with the Chief Data Officer and the Labor Commissioner, submit to the administrator of CP20 WIN a request for data and analysis of such data for the purposes of assessing performance and outcomes of the state's workforce system. Such data and analysis request shall be completed by the administrator of CP20 WIN not later than August 15, 2022, and annually thereafter.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 10-21r — Connecticut Code / Title 10 / Chapter 164 / Section 10-21r
Sec. 10-21r. Department to issue request for proposals re establishment of public-private partnerships or enhancement of pathways in technology early college high school programs.
Status: in_force

(1) “Alliance district” has the same meaning as provided in section 10-262u ;

(2) “Private entity” means any individual, corporation, general partnership, limited partnership, limited liability partnership, joint venture, nonprofit organization or other business entity;

(3) “Public-private partnership” means the relationship established between the local or regional board of education for a town designated as an alliance district, a community college and a private entity for the purpose of implementing a pathways in technology early college high school program; and

(4) “Pathways in technology early college high school program” means a program of instruction in which students in grades nine to twelve, inclusive, complete high school and college-level coursework while simultaneously engaging in industry-guided workforce development.

(b) For the fiscal year ending June 30, 2025, and each fiscal year thereafter, the Department of Education shall annually issue a request for proposals to local and regional boards of education for towns designated as alliance districts for the establishment of a new public-private partnership or the enhancement of an existing pathways in technology early college high school program. The department shall review such proposals and award a grant to two such boards for the costs associated with the establishment of a new public-private partnership or enhancement of a pathways in technology early college high school program.