Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-471 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 113 / Section 7-471
Sec. 7-471. Powers of State Board of Labor Relations.
Status: in_force

(1) Whenever, in accordance with such regulations as may be prescribed by the board, a petition has been filed (A) by an employee or group of employees or any employee organization acting in their behalf alleging that a substantial number of employees (i) wish to be represented for collective bargaining by an employee organization as exclusive representative, or (ii) assert that the employee organization which has been certified or is currently being recognized by their municipal employer as the bargaining representative is no longer the representative of a majority of employees in the unit; (B) by a municipal employer alleging that one or more employee organizations have presented to him a claim to be recognized as the representative of a majority of employees in an appropriate unit; or (C) by either an employee organization or a municipal employer in accordance with subdivision (4) of this section, the board shall refer the petition to its agent who shall investigate the petition and issue a direction of election and conduct a secret ballot election to determine whether and by which employee organization the employees desire to be represented if he has reasonable cause to believe that a question of representation exists, or issue a recommendation to dismiss the petition if he finds that there is not such reasonable cause, or refer the petition to the board for a hearing without having conducted an election or issuing a recommendation of dismissal, in which event the board shall conduct an appropriate hearing upon due notice. The agent shall report his action to the board. The board shall issue an order confirming the agent's direction of election and certifying the results of the election, or issue an order confirming the agent's recommendation for dismissal, or order a further investigation, or provide for an appropriate hearing upon due notice. Before taking any of the aforesaid actions, the board shall provide the parties with an opportunity to file briefs on the questions at issue and shall fully consider any such briefs filed. After a hearing, the board shall order any of the aforesaid actions on the petition or shall, upon good cause, order any other suitable method to determine whether and by which employee organization the employees desire to be represented. The board shall certify the results. No election shall be directed in any bargaining unit or any subdivision thereof within which in the preceding twelve-month period a valid election has been held. No election shall be directed by the board during the term of a written collective bargaining agreement, except for good cause. In any election where none of the choices on the ballot receives a majority, a runoff shall be conducted, the ballot providing for a selection between the two choices receiving the largest and the second largest number of valid votes cast in the election. An employee organization which receives a majority of votes cast in an election confirmed or ordered by the board shall be designated by the board as exclusive representative of the employees in the unit.

(2) The board shall have the power to determine whether a position is covered by sections 7-467 to 7-477 , inclusive, in the event of a dispute between the municipal employer and an employee organization. In determining whether a position is supervisory the board shall consider, among other criteria, whether the principal functions of the position are characterized by not fewer than two of the following: (A) Performing such management control duties as scheduling, assigning, overseeing and reviewing the work of subordinate employees; (B) performing such duties as are distinct and dissimilar from those performed by the employees supervised; (C) exercising judgment in adjusting grievances, applying other established personnel policies and procedures and in enforcing the provisions of a collective bargaining agreement; and (D) establishing or participating in the establishment of performance standards for subordinate employees and taking corrective measures to implement those standards. The above criteria for supervisory positions shall not necessarily apply to police or fire departments.

(3) The board shall decide in each case whether, in order to insure to employees the fullest freedom in exercising the rights guaranteed by sections 7-467 to 7-477 , inclusive, and in order to insure a clear and identifiable community of interest among employees concerned, the unit appropriate for purposes of collective bargaining shall be the municipal employer unit or any other unit thereof, provided no unit shall include both supervisory and nonsupervisory employees except there shall be a single unit for each fire department consisting of the uniformed and investigatory employees of each such fire department and a single unit for each police department consisting of the uniformed and investigatory employees of each such police department. No existing units shall be altered or modified to conform to this provision. No unit shall include both professional and nonprofessional employees unless a majority of such professional employees vote for inclusion in such unit, provided employees who are members of a profession may be included in a unit which includes nonprofessional employees if an employee organization has been designated by the board or has been recognized by the municipal employer as the exclusive representative of such unit and a majority of the employees in such profession vote for inclusion in such unit, in which event all of the employees in such profession shall be included in such unit. The term “professional employee” means: (A) Any employee engaged in work (i) predominantly intellectual and varied in character as opposed to routine mental, manual, mechanical or physical work; (ii) involving the consistent exercise of discretion and judgment in its performance; (iii) of such a character that the output produced or the result accomplished cannot be standardized in relation to a given time period; (iv) requiring knowledge of an advanced type in a field of science or learning customarily acquired by a prolonged course of specialized intellectual instruction and study in an institution of higher learning or a hospital, as distinguished from a general academic education or from an apprenticeship or from training in the performance of routine mental, manual or physical processes; or (B) any employee who (i) has completed the courses of specialized intellectual instruction and study described in subparagraph (A)(iv) of this subdivision, and (ii) is performing related work under the supervision of a professional person to qualify himself or herself to become a professional employee as defined in subparagraph (A) of this subdivision.

(4) An employee organization or a municipal employer may file a petition with the board seeking a clarification or modification of an existing unit. The power of the board to make such clarifications and modifications shall be limited to those times when a petition for clarification or modification is filed by either an employee organization or a municipal employer. No petition seeking a clarification or modification of an existing unit shall be considered to be timely by the board during the term of a written collective bargaining agreement, except that a petition for clarification or modification filed by an employee organization concerning either (A) a newly created position, or (B) any employee who is not represented by an employee organization, may be filed at any time.

(5) Whenever a question arises as to whether a practice prohibited by sections 7-467 to 7-477 , inclusive, has been committed by a municipal employer or employee organization, the board shall consider that question in accordance with the following procedure: (A) When a complaint has been made to the board that a prohibited practice has been or is being committed, the board shall refer such complaint to its agent. Upon receiving a report from the agent, the board may issue an order dismissing the complaint or may order a further investigation or a hearing thereon. When a hearing is ordered, the board shall set the time and place for the hearing, which time and place may be changed by the board at the request of one of the parties for cause shown. Any complaint may be amended with the permission of the board. The municipal employer, the employee organization and the person so complained of shall have the right to file an answer to the original or amended complaint within five days after the service of such complaint or within such other time as the board may limit. Such municipal employer, such employee organization and such person shall have the right to appear in person or otherwise to defend against such complaint. In the discretion of the board any person may be allowed to intervene in such proceeding. In any hearing the board shall not be bound by the technical rules of evidence prevailing in the courts. A transcript of the testimony taken at any hearing before the board shall be filed with the board. (B) If, upon all the testimony, the board determines that a prohibited practice has been or is being committed, it shall state its findings of fact and shall issue and cause to be served on the party committing the prohibited practice an order requiring it or him to cease and desist from such prohibited practice, and shall take such further affirmative action as will effectuate the policies of sections 7-467 to 7-477 , inclusive, including but not limited to: (i) Withdrawal of certification of an employee organization established or assisted by any action defined in said sections as a prohibited practice, (ii) reinstatement of an employee discriminated against in violation of said sections with or without back pay, or (iii) if either party is found to have refused to bargain collectively in good faith, ordering arbitration and directing the party found to have refused to bargain to pay the full costs of arbitration under section 7-473c , resulting from the negotiations in which the refusal to bargain occurred. (C) If, upon all of the testimony, the board determines that a prohibited practice has not been or is not being committed, it shall state its finding of fact and shall issue an order dismissing the complaint. (D) For the purposes of hearings and enforcement of orders under sections 7-467 to 7-477 , inclusive, the board shall have the same power and authority as it has in sections 31-107 , 31-108 and 31-109 , and the municipal employer and the employee organization shall have the right of appeal as provided therein. (E) If, by the thirtieth day following the date on which a complaint citing a violation of section 7-470 was made to the board, said board has not determined whether a prohibited practice has been or is being committed and if the violation is of an ongoing nature, said board may issue and cause to be served on the party committing the act or practice cited in such complaint an order requiring such party to cease and desist from such act or practice until said board has made its determination.

There is no direct appeal from decision of board determining a bargaining unit and directing an election; National Labor Relations Act compared. 154 C. 530. Appeals to Supreme Court under section shall be taken and prosecuted in same manner as other appeals to Supreme Court. 159 C. 46. Cited. 171 C. 347, 351; Id., 553, 564. One employee does not constitute an appropriate bargaining unit for purposes of the Municipal Employees Relations Act. 175 C. 349. Standing to test constitutionality of binding arbitration provisions of Municipal Employees Relations Act discussed. 181 C. 421. Cited. 182 C. 93; 185 C. 88; 196 C. 192; 200 C. 38; 201 C. 577; 204 C. 746; 205 C. 116; 210 C. 549; 212 C. 294; 215 C. 14; 221 C. 244; 225 C. 297; 232 C. 57; 234 C. 123.

Cited. 3 CA 1; 16 CA 232. It is within board's discretion to award costs and expenses to the employer. 49 CA 513.

A public announcement of plaintiff's intention to file a prohibited practice complaint against a union is protected by the Municipal Employees Relations Act when the complaint is actually filed at a later date. 31 CS 7. Cited. Id., 15; Id., 212; 36 CS 18; 42 CS 227; 43 CS 340; Id., 470.

Subdiv. (1):

Sec. 1-1(f) is directory not mandatory, does not “require” singular and plural forms to be interchangeable and therefore where statute sets forth “a substantial number of employees”, “employees” cannot be construed as singular. 175 C. 349.

One year rule does not apply to designations by employer recognition agreements; union's status must be recognized for a reasonable period. 39 CS 338.

Subdiv. (3):

There can be no community of interest where there is only a single employee. 175 C. 349.

Subdiv. (5) (Former Subdiv. (4)):

Cited. 171 C. 344, 355; 210 C. 597. Although Subdiv. contains no express requirement that all administrative remedies be exhausted, the legislative history makes clear that employees may only appeal to the Superior Court after an adverse final order of the Board of Labor Relations. 300 C. 667.

Cited. 33 CA 541.

Cited. 39 CS 338; 40 CS 365.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-142 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 97 / Section 7-142
Sec. 7-142. Appeal from municipal assessments.
Status: in_force

Section is exercise of taxing power and is constitutional; benefits contemplated are those special to the individual and distinct from community benefit; amount of benefit may be subtracted from that of damage; compliance with every requirement should appear on the face of the proceedings. 23 C. 187. Benefits are those only that are immediate, appreciable and certain. 36 C. 256; 42 C. 284; 45 C. 462. Charter authorized assessment of the whole expense of improvement; being in fact within the actual benefit, it was held to be lawful. 39 C. 279; 47 C. 89. When land of railroad company may be assessed. 49 C. 40. Property of state is exempt from assessment, unless as expressly authorized. 50 C. 89. Assessment need not in terms state fact of special benefits, if same may be reasonably inferred therefrom. 51 C. 203. Sewer assessment determined solely upon street frontage is illegal; an appeal, by one or several assessed, does not bring up for review the whole assessment. 35 C. 66. Parallel land of railroad company cannot, under general powers, be taken for highway. 36 C. 256. Track of street railroad assessed for pavement. 38 C. 422. Damages assessed to a third party cannot be inquired into; doings of municipal authorities cannot be collaterally attacked. 39 C. 467. Question of necessity cannot be raised upon an appeal from assessment. Id.; 47 C. 89. Inadvertent omission of some property will not disturb an assessment unless substantial injustice has resulted. 39 C. 467; 40 C. 512. Appeal should specify facts upon which relief is sought. Id., 503. Paving assessment may be determined solely upon street frontage. Id., 511. Upon appeal, assessment may be approved, increased or diminished. 48 C. 427. Counsel for municipality has no power to arbitrate; how person assessed may be estopped. 58 C. 157. Committee presumed to act lawfully. 71 C. 180. Nature of appeal. 74 C. 192. Cited. 78 C. 572. Remonstrance; issues; harmless error. 80 C. 248; 85 C. 237. On appeal, appraisal to be made as of original assessment. 84 C. 234; 85 C. 237. Issues and burden of proof. 84 C. 319; Id., 386.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-254 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 103 / Section 7-254
Sec. 7-254. Delinquent assessments. Liens. Assignment of liens. Powers and rights of assignee. Contract to memorialize assignment required. Notice of assignment. Notice prior to commencing an action to foreclose lien.
Status: in_force

(b) Whenever any installment of an assessment becomes delinquent, the interest on such delinquent installment shall be as provided in subsection (a) of this section or five dollars, whichever is greater. Any unpaid assessment and any interest due thereon shall constitute a lien upon the real estate against which the assessment was levied from the date of such levy. Each such lien may be continued, recorded and released in the manner provided by the general statutes for continuing, recording and releasing property tax liens. Each such lien shall take precedence over all other liens and encumbrances except taxes and may be enforced in the same manner as property tax liens. The tax collector of the municipality may collect such assessments in accordance with any mandatory provision of the general statutes for the collection of property taxes and the municipality may recover any such assessment in a civil action against any person liable therefor.

(c) Any municipality, by resolution of its legislative body, may assign, for consideration, any and all liens filed by the tax collector to secure unpaid sewer assessments as provided under the provisions of this chapter. The consideration received by the municipality shall be negotiated between the municipality and the assignee.

(d) The assignee or assignees of such liens shall have and possess the same powers and rights at law or in equity as such municipality and municipality's tax collector would have had if the lien had not been assigned with regard to the precedence and priority of such lien, the accrual of interest and the fees and expenses of collection, except that any such assignee (1) shall not be insulated from liability by virtue of the provisions of section 42-110c , and (2) shall be obligated to provide a payoff statement, as defined in section 49-8a , in the same manner as a mortgagee in accordance with the requirements of section 49-10a . The assignee shall have the same rights to enforce such liens as any private party holding a lien on real property, including, but not limited to, foreclosure and a suit on the debt.

(e) No such assignment executed on or after July 1, 2022, shall be valid or enforceable unless memorialized in a contract executed by the authority and the assignee that is in writing and provides: (1) The manner in which the assignee will provide to the owner of the real property that is the subject of the assignment one or more addresses and telephone numbers that may be used for correspondence with the assignee about the debt and payment thereof; (2) the earliest and latest dates by which the assignee shall commence any foreclosure or suit on the debt or the manner for determining such dates, except as may be impacted by any payment arrangement, bankruptcy petition or other circumstance, provided in no event shall the assignee commence a foreclosure suit before one year has elapsed since the assignee's purchase of the lien; (3) the structure and rates of attorney's fees that the assignee may claim against the owner or owners of such real property in any foreclosure, suit on the debt or otherwise, and a prohibition from using as foreclosure counsel any attorney or law office that is owned by, employs or contracts with any person having an interest in such assignee; (4) confirmation that the owner of the real property for which the lien has been filed shall be a third-party beneficiary entitled to enforce the covenants and responsibilities of the assignee as contained in the contract; (5) a prohibition on the assignee assigning the lien without the municipality's prior written consent; (6) the detail and frequency of reports provided to the municipality's tax collector regarding the status of the assigned liens; (7) confirmation that the assignee is not ineligible, pursuant to section 31-57b , to be assigned the lien because of occupational safety and health law violations; (8) disclosure of (A) all resolved and pending arbitrations and litigation matters in which the assignee or any of its principals have been involved within the last ten years, except foreclosure actions involving liens purchased from or assigned by governmental entities, (B) all criminal proceedings that the assignee or any of its principals has ever been the subject, (C) any interest in the subject property held by the assignee or any of its principals, officers or agents, and (D) each instance in which the assignee or any of its principals was found to have violated any state or local ethics law, regulation, ordinance, code, policy or standard, or to have committed any other offense arising out of the submission of proposals or bids or the performance of work on public contract; and (9) such additional terms to which the municipality and the assignee mutually agree, consistent with applicable law.

(f) The assignee, or any subsequent assignee, shall provide written notice of an assignment, not later than sixty days after the date of such assignment, to the owner and any holder of a mortgage on the real property that is the subject of the assignment, provided such owner or holder is of record as of the date of such assignment. Such notice shall include information sufficient to identify (1) the property that is subject to the lien and in which the holder has an interest, (2) the name and addresses of the assignee, and (3) the amount of unpaid taxes, interest and fees being assigned relative to the subject property as of the date of the assignment.

(g) Not less than sixty days prior to commencing an action to foreclose a lien under this section, the assignee shall provide a written notice, by first-class mail, to the holders of all first or second security interests on the property subject to the lien that were recorded before the date the assessment of the lien sought to be enforced became delinquent. Such notice shall set forth: (1) The amount of unpaid debt owed to the assignee as of the date of the notice; (2) the amount of any attorney's fees and costs incurred by the assignee in the enforcement of the lien as of the date of the notice; (3) a statement of the assignee's intention to foreclose the lien if the amounts set forth pursuant to subdivisions (1) and (2) of this subsection are not paid to the assignee on or before sixty days after the date on which the notice is provided; (4) the assignee's contact information, including, but not limited to, the assignee's name, mailing address, telephone number and electronic mail address, if any; and (5) instructions concerning the acceptable means of making a payment on the amounts owed to the assignee as set forth pursuant to subdivisions (1) and (2) of this subsection. Any notice required under this subsection shall be effective upon the date such notice is provided.

(h) When providing the written notice required under subsection (g) of this section, the assignee may rely on the last recorded security interest of record in identifying the name and mailing address of the holder of such interest, unless the holder of such interest is the plaintiff in an action pending in Superior Court to enforce such interest, in which case the assignee shall provide the written notice to the attorney appearing on behalf of the plaintiff.

(i) Each aspect of a foreclosure, sale or other disposition under this section, including, but not limited to, the costs, attorney fees, method, advertising, time, date, place and terms, shall be commercially reasonable.

See Sec. 12-146 re interest on delinquent taxes.

See chapter 205 re municipal tax liens.

Cited. 153 C. 457.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-204 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 100 / Section 7-204
Sec. 7-204. Powers of parking authority.
Status: in_force

See Sec. 7-273o re political advertising at parking authority facilities.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-185b — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 98 / Section 7-185b
Sec. 7-185b. Tuition raffles. Regulations. Special bank account. Financial report.
Status: in_force

(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 7-170 to 7-186 , inclusive, any organization qualified to conduct a bazaar or raffle under section 7-172 may conduct a tuition raffle once each calendar year. The municipality where the tuition raffle is to be conducted may, by ordinance, (1) allow any organization permitted to conduct a tuition raffle to fund all or a part of a student recipient's education or to pay all or part of a student recipient's student loan each year for a period not to exceed four years, (2) permit the student recipient to be the actual tuition raffle winner, a relative of the raffle winner or a student chosen by the raffle winner, (3) give authority to the sponsoring organization to permit the tuition prize to be divided among student recipients designated by the raffle winner, (4) provide that the tuition prize be paid each consecutive year, commencing with the first year of the student recipient's education at an accredited private or parochial school, or public or independent institution of higher education selected by the student recipient, (5) provide that the tuition prize be paid directly to the educational institution or financial institution that made the student loan designated by the student recipient, and no tuition prize shall be redeemed or redeemable for cash, and (6) provide that the tuition raffle winner have a period not to exceed four years to designate a student recipient. For the purposes of this section, “financial institution” means a bank, as defined in section 36a-2 , an out-of-state bank, as defined in section 36a-2 , a Connecticut credit union, as defined in section 36a-2 , an out-of-state credit union, as defined in section 36a-2 , an institutional lender, any subsidiary or affiliate of such bank, out-of-state bank, Connecticut credit union, out-of-state credit union or institutional lender, or other lender licensed by the Department of Banking.

(c) All proceeds of the tuition raffle shall be deposited in a special dedicated bank account approved by the municipal official, and all tuition raffle expenses shall be paid from such account. The municipal official shall prescribe the maintenance of tuition raffle accounts by any sponsoring organization and such accounts shall be subject to audit by the municipal official. The municipal official may require any organization conducting a tuition raffle to post a performance bond in an amount sufficient to fully fund the tuition raffle prize to be awarded.

(d) Any organization permitted to conduct a tuition raffle shall file a tuition raffle financial report in a manner prescribed by the municipal official. Such report shall detail the status of the tuition prize money or the raffle and any other information that the municipal official may require, on a quarterly basis, during the months of January, April, July and October, until all tuition or student loan payments for each tuition raffle have been paid.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-131b — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 97 / Section 7-131b
Sec. 7-131b. Acquisition of open space land and easements. Revaluation of property subject to easement.
Status: in_force

(b) Any owner who encumbers his property by conveying a less than fee interest to any municipality under subsection (a) of this section shall, upon written application to the assessor or board of assessors of the municipality, be entitled to a revaluation of such property to reflect the existence of such encumbrance, effective with respect to the next-succeeding assessment list of such municipality. Any such owner shall be entitled to such revaluation, notwithstanding the fact that he conveyed such less than fee interest prior to October 1, 1971, provided no such revaluation shall be effective retroactively.

(c) Any owner aggrieved by a revaluation under subsection (b) of this section may appeal to the board of assessment appeals in accordance with the provisions of sections 12-111 and 12-112 and may appeal from the decision of the board of assessment appeals in accordance with the provisions of section 12-117a .

See Secs. 12-107a and 12-107b re open space land.

Cited. 178 C. 295.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-127e — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 97 / Section 7-127e
Sec. 7-127e. Application. Matching funds for neighborhood youth centers program and Leadership, Education, Athletics in Partnership program. Advisory committee for grant application review.
Status: in_force

(b) Grant funds made available for the provisions of sections 7-127d to 7-127g , inclusive, shall not be used to supplant existing services. A minimum of twenty-five per cent of the total program costs for each neighborhood youth center program shall be supported with local funds or in-kind contributions which may include federal, local and private funds which support existing services.

(c) The Department of Education shall review all grant applications received and make the decisions concerning which applications shall be funded and at what funding levels. Criteria for such decisions shall include (1) documentation of need for the program through crime and poverty statistics for the neighborhood to be served; (2) responsiveness to program component requirements; (3) reasonableness of costs; (4) soundness of program plan; (5) experience of the applicant agency in providing youth recreational services; and (6) evidence of collaboration and coordination with other children's services providers in the neighborhood. The Department of Education shall convene and chair an advisory committee to assist in grant application review. Such committee shall include representatives of the Judicial Department and the Departments of Children and Families, Education, Public Health and Social Services.

(d) In order to be eligible to receive funds from the Department of Education for the Leadership, Education, Athletics in Partnership (LEAP) program, or the neighborhood youth centers program, an applicant must provide a match of at least fifty per cent of the grant amount. The cash portion of such match shall be at least twenty-five per cent of the grant amount.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-576d — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 117 / Section 7-576d
Sec. 7-576d. Municipal Accountability Review Board. Established. Membership. Terms. Vacancies. Alternates. Expenses. Responsibilities and authorities. Requirement to supply financial reports and records to board. Collective bargaining negotiations with municipal or board of education employees for certain tier III municipalities.
Status: in_force

(b) Each designated tier III municipality shall work with the Municipal Accountability Review Board and report to it as provided for in this section. In addition to possessing such powers granted to such board with respect to the designated or certified tier II municipalities referred to it, the following responsibilities and authorities of the board shall apply:

(1) The board shall review and comment on any such municipality's annual budget prior to its adoption by the legislative body of such municipality.

(2) In preparing and adopting its annual budgets, any such municipality shall only include assumptions respecting state revenues and property tax revenues and a mill rate as are approved by the board.

(3) All obligations issued by a tier III municipality that is eligible to issue bonds pursuant to the provisions of section 7-575 , and the issuance of refunding bonds pursuant to section 7-370c , and section 7-579a shall require approval by the board, provided the board, by a vote of five or more of its members, shall only approve such obligations which in its judgment improve the financial condition of any such municipality. Notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes, the board may approve and authorize the municipality's issuance of bonds with a term of not more than forty years from the date of such issuance.

(4) The board shall review and comment on proposed debt obligations of the municipality not covered by section 7-575 prior to their issuance.

(5) The board may require that the municipality or its board of education notify the board of any or all municipal or board of education contracts that exceed: (A) Fifty thousand dollars for municipalities with a resident population under seventy thousand, or (B) one hundred thousand dollars for municipalities with a resident population of seventy thousand or more, not less than thirty days prior to execution of such contract, for board review and comment regarding such proposed contract. The board shall establish policies and procedures, in consultation with any such municipality and such municipality's board of education, to implement the provisions of this subdivision.

(6) With respect to any municipality referred to the Municipal Accountability Review Board on or after October 1, 2022, in the case of any proposed collective bargaining agreement or amendments negotiated pursuant to sections 7-467 to 7-477 , inclusive, including any such agreement negotiated by a board of education, notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (d) of section 7-474 , or pursuant to section 10-153d , the Municipal Accountability Review Board shall have the same opportunity and authority to approve or reject, on not more than two occasions, collective bargaining agreements or amendments as are provided to the legislative body of such municipality in said respective sections, except that (A) any such agreement negotiated by a board of education shall be submitted to the Municipal Accountability Review Board by the bargaining representative of such board of education not later than fourteen days after any such agreement is reached, and (B) such agreement shall be considered approved thirty days after such submission if the Municipal Accountability Review Board has failed to approve or reject such agreement.

(7) (A) The board shall be provided with the same opportunity and authority to reject, on not more than two occasions, an arbitration award, by a vote of the board, as is provided to the legislative body of the municipality in subdivision (12) of subsection (d) of section 7-473c and to provide a written statement to the State Board of Mediation and Arbitration in accordance with said section.

(B) The board shall be provided with the same opportunity and authority to reject, on not more than two occasions, an arbitration award, by a vote of the board, as is provided to the legislative body of the local school district or municipality in subdivision (7) of subsection (c) of section 10-153f and to provide a written statement to the Commissioner of Education and to the exclusive representative of the administrators unit as is required in said section. The provisions of this subparagraph shall not be construed to apply to an arbitration award to which a teacher's unit is a party.

(8) The board shall monitor compliance with the municipality's five-year financial plan and annual budget and recommend that the municipality make such changes as are necessary to ensure budgetary balance in such plan and budget.

(9) The board shall recommend that the municipality and its board of education implement measures relating to the efficiency and productivity of the municipality's and board of education's operations and management as the board deems appropriate, to reduce costs and improve services so as to advance the purposes of sections 7-560 to 7-565 , inclusive, sections 7-568 to 7-579 , inclusive. Such recommendations may include, but shall not be limited to, policies and procedures for the responsible use of municipal and board of education credit and purchasing cards, vehicles and other municipal and board of education property and resources.

(10) The board may obtain information on the financial condition and financial needs of any such municipality and board of education of any such municipality.

(11) The board, in consultation with the municipality, may retain such staff and hire consultants experienced in the field of municipal finance, municipal law, governmental operations and administration or governmental accounting as it deems necessary or desirable for accomplishing its purposes.

(12) The board may require the municipality and such municipality's board of education to apply LEAN practices and principles, and to participate in efforts to establish common strategies and goals and to organize around collective impacts for the municipality, such municipality's residents, businesses and employees, to result in an improved fiscal sustainability and municipal vitality.

(13) The board may consult with federal, state, quasi-public and nongovernmental agencies to accomplish its purposes.

(14) The board shall establish such written procedures as the board deems necessary to carry out its responsibilities and meet the purposes of sections 7-560 to 7-565 , inclusive, sections 7-568 to 7-579 , inclusive.

(c) With respect to any municipality referred to the Municipal Accountability Review Board, such municipality and each of its administrative units, including such municipality's board of education, shall supply the board with such financial reports, data, audits, statements and any other records or documentation as the board may require to exercise its powers and to perform its duties and functions. Such reports may include, but shall not be limited to, (1) proposed budgets, (2) monthly reports of the financial condition of the municipality, (3) the status of the municipality's current annual budget and progress under its financial plan for the then current fiscal year, (4) estimates of the operating results for all funds or accounts to the end of the then current fiscal year, (5) pension plan and debt projections, (6) statements and projections of general fund cash flow reserves, (7) the number of municipal employees on the municipal payroll, and (8) debt service requirements on all bonds and notes of the municipality for the following month.

(d) With respect to collective bargaining negotiations associated with the municipal or board of education employees of a tier III municipality with a population of one hundred thousand or more, the parties to such negotiations shall request that the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management designate a staff member and that the local legislative body of such municipality designate one of its members to meet with the parties for the purpose of providing mediation assistance associated with such negotiations. Such mediation may include, but shall not be limited to, assisting the parties in resolving any differences associated with projecting the benefits and costs of the proposals made by the parties. Such mediation assistance shall have a duration of not longer than sixty days.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-622 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 119a / Section 7-622
Sec. 7-622. Grant program for repairs necessitated by and reimbursements for costs associated with property damage due to flooding.
Status: in_force

(b) The Governor shall appoint an administrator to administer the program developed pursuant to subsection (a) of this section not later than August 1, 2023. The administrator shall be a resident of the city of Hartford and have experience in environmental justice issues and insurance policy claims determinations. Not later than July 15, 2023, the state representatives and state senators for the city of Hartford shall provide the Governor a list of not fewer than two candidates for consideration and the Governor may select and appoint one of such candidates as the administrator or select and appoint a candidate of the Governor's own choosing. The administrator shall be employed pursuant to a personal service agreement and compensated at a per diem rate commensurate with the per diem compensation provided a senior judge pursuant to section 51-47b for each day's service performed in connection with such appointment.

(c) (1) The administrator shall develop an application process and eligibility criteria for the grant program. Such process and criteria shall be approved by the Comptroller.

(A) Such application shall include, but need not be limited to, if applicable, a copy of any determination made on any claim for such damage against any property and casualty insurance policy issued to an applicant, including any amounts paid to such applicant pursuant to such claim.

(B) Except as provided in subparagraph (C) of this subdivision, such eligibility criteria shall include, but need not be limited to, requirements that any such applicant (i) owned real property in the city of Hartford that was damaged by flooding on or after January 1, 2021, or (ii) is a resident of the city of Hartford and owned personal property in said city that was damaged by flooding on or after said date. No applicant shall be deemed ineligible solely because such (I) applicant's property was not insured at the time such damage occurred, or (II) applicant did not receive payment pursuant to any such claim.

(C) No applicant who submits an application on or after May 1, 2025, shall be eligible for financial assistance for repairs to real property unless (i) such applicant requested an assessment from the Metropolitan District of Hartford County pursuant to the district's sewer back-up prevention and reporting program on or before April 30, 2025, or (ii) the administrator determines, in accordance with criteria approved by the Comptroller, that extenuating circumstances prevented such applicant from requesting such assessment. The administrator, in consultation with the Metropolitan District of Hartford County, shall verify that an applicant timely requested an assessment from the district.

(2) The administrator shall review applications for participation in the grant program and determine each applicant's eligibility for the grant program in accordance with the eligibility criteria developed pursuant to subdivision (1) of this subsection not later than thirty days after receipt of any such application.

(3) If the administrator determines that an applicant requesting assistance to pay for repairs to real property is eligible, (A) a licensed home inspector or insurance adjuster with whom the Office of the Comptroller has executed a contract for services, or (B) at such eligible applicant's option, licensed home inspector or insurance adjuster with experience assessing flood damage who is approved by the administrator and hired by such eligible applicant, shall evaluate the damage to the applicant's property and provide a report concerning such damage to the administrator. Such report shall be in a form and manner prescribed by the administrator, and shall include, but need not be limited to, a description of the damage to such eligible applicant's property and the estimated cost to repair such damage. Not later than thirty days after the receipt of such report, the administrator may award a grant, in accordance with a formula established by the Comptroller, to the eligible applicant, or at the administrator's discretion, provide such grant to a contractor or vendor selected by the applicant to repair such damage. Such formula shall include a reduction in the amount of any such grant equal to any payments received by the applicant pursuant to any claim made against a property and casualty insurance policy held by such applicant for such damage.

(4) Not later than thirty days after a determination that an applicant is eligible for reimbursement for costs associated with damage to personal property pursuant to subdivision (1) of this subsection, the administrator shall award a grant to the eligible applicant in accordance with a formula established by the Comptroller, which may include a reduction in the amount of any such grant equal to any payments received by the applicant pursuant to any claim made against a property and casualty insurance policy held by such applicant for such damage.

(5) The total amount of any grants awarded pursuant to this section to an eligible applicant for repairs to real property and reimbursement for costs associated with damage to personal property where such property was utilized for business purposes at the time such damage was incurred shall not exceed fifty thousand dollars.

(6) Any eligible applicant that hires a licensed home inspector or insurance adjuster pursuant to subdivision (3) of this subsection may request reimbursement for the costs of the evaluation conducted pursuant to said subdivision in a form and manner prescribed by the administrator. The administrator shall reimburse such eligible applicant for any such reasonable costs.

(d) (1) Any applicant may appeal a decision of the administrator concerning such applicant's eligibility for the grant program or the amount of a grant awarded to such applicant not later than thirty days after the issuance of such decision by filing a notice of intent to appeal with the Comptroller. Any such appeal shall be heard by a judge trial referee assigned by the Chief Court Administrator, who shall be compensated in accordance with the provisions of section 52-434 from funds made available to the Comptroller.

(2) In any appeal taken pursuant to subdivision (1) of this subsection, a judge trial referee may consider evidence presented by the applicant, administrator or other interested party, including, but not limited to, testimony or reports prepared by or on behalf of such parties. The applicant shall have the burden of demonstrating by a preponderance of evidence that such applicant is eligible for the grant program and assistance to pay for repairs to real property or reimbursement for costs associated with damage to personal property. Upon such demonstration, the judge trial referee shall award a grant to such applicant in accordance with the formula established by the Comptroller. Any decision made pursuant to this subsection shall be issued not later than sixty days following the end of the hearing and shall be final.

(e) Upon the request of a tenant residing in a residential building or occupying a commercial property that was damaged by flooding on or after January 1, 2021, the administrator shall notify the owner of such residential building of the availability of the program developed and administered pursuant to this section by mail or electronic mail, if such owner's mailing address or electronic mail address are known to the administrator.

(f) The program established pursuant to this section shall terminate upon the exhaustion of the Hartford Sewerage System Repair and Improvement Fund established pursuant to section 7-621 .
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-479e — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 113a / Section 7-479e
Sec. 7-479e. Agency not an insurer. Reserve for contingencies. Applicable insurance laws.
Status: in_force

(b) The formation, development and administration of a workers' compensation risk management pool by an interlocal risk management agency may be carried out as provided in this chapter and in such instance sections 31-328 to 31-339 , inclusive, shall not be applicable, provided that nothing in this chapter shall prevent a local public agency from proceeding under sections 31-328 to 31-339 , inclusive. Notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes, an interlocal workers' compensation risk management pool may provide interlocal risk management of claims for injuries or diseases caused by hypertension or heart disease resulting in death or temporary or permanent, total or partial disability, to a uniformed member of a paid fire department or a regular member of a paid police department as provided for in section 7-433c . Such risk management may be provided within an interlocal workers' compensation risk management pool or within a separate pool exclusively for hypertension and heart disease. Only one reserve for contingencies need be established whether or not risk management of hypertension and heart disease is provided by a separate pool.

(c) Except as provided in subsections (d) and (e) of this section, an interlocal risk management pool, other than a public liability, automobile and property risk management pool, shall at all times maintain a reserve for contingencies at a minimum of one hundred thousand dollars for each fiscal year such pool is in operation, except that each such pool need have no more than five hundred thousand dollars in the aggregate. An interlocal public liability, automobile and property risk management pool shall maintain, during its first year of operation, a reserve for contingencies at a minimum of five hundred thousand dollars and shall thereafter increase such reserve by an amount equal to five per cent of the total contribution of members with respect to each ensuing year until the ratio of contribution of members for the then current year to the amount of the reserve for contingencies is no greater than three to one. Until such time all agreements between an interlocal risk management agency and public liability, automobile and property pool members shall contain a provision permitting assessment of members in an amount not to exceed thirty per cent of a member's contribution for the year with respect to which the assessment is made. Notwithstanding any general statute, special act, or local law, ordinance or charter, retrospective agreements between any interlocal risk management pool and its members or assessments of such members shall be binding and enforceable. A reserve for contingencies means unassigned funds held over and above the liability reserves of the pool. The reserve for contingencies shall be advanced to the pool and placed at risk by the members of the interlocal risk management agency participating in the pool. Advances to the reserve for contingencies shall be evidenced by certificates, which may bear interest at a rate determined by the agency's board of directors. Advances may be repaid only when such repayment will not reduce the reserve for contingencies below the required minimum.

(d) The reserve requirements in subsection (c) of this section shall be suspended until July 1, 2010, at the option of any interlocal risk management pool organized for less than ten years as of July 1, 2005, that established a reserve for contingencies at a minimum of (1) one hundred thousand dollars for each fiscal year of operation prior to July 1, 2005, in the case of an interlocal risk management pool, other than a public liability, automobile and property risk management pool, or (2) five hundred thousand dollars for the first fiscal year of operation and thereafter increased such reserve by an amount equal to five per cent of the total contribution of members with respect to each subsequent fiscal year of operation prior to July 1, 2005, in the case of an interlocal public liability, automobile and property risk management pool.

(e) (1) Beginning July 1, 2010, an interlocal risk management pool, other than a public liability, automobile and property risk management pool, that operated under subsection (d) of this section shall maintain the applicable reserve for contingencies specified in subsection (c) of this section as if its first fiscal year beginning on or after July 1, 2010, was its first year of operation.

(2) Beginning July 1, 2010, a public liability, automobile and property risk management pool that operated under subsection (d) of this section shall maintain at least the following reserve for contingencies:

(A) As of June 30, 2011, one hundred thousand dollars plus an amount equal to one per cent of total member contributions for the preceding year;

(B) As of June 30, 2012, two hundred thousand dollars plus an amount equal to two per cent of total member contributions for the preceding year;

(C) As of June 30, 2013, three hundred thousand dollars plus an amount equal to three per cent of total member contributions for the preceding year;

(D) As of June 30, 2014, four hundred thousand dollars plus an amount equal to four per cent of total member contributions for the preceding year;

(E) As of June 30, 2015, five hundred thousand dollars plus an amount equal to five per cent of total member contributions for the preceding year.

(3) On and after July 1, 2015, each interlocal risk management pool shall maintain a reserve for contingencies as provided in subsection (c) of this section.

(f) Each interlocal risk management pool operating under subsection (d) or (e) of this section shall provide such reports to the Insurance Commissioner as the commissioner requires.

(g) Each such interlocal risk management pool and interlocal risk management agency shall, except as specifically designated in this section, be exempt from the provisions of the general statutes relating to insurance. The sections of the general statutes applicable to an interlocal risk management pool and interlocal risk management agency shall be: Sections 38a-11 , 38a-14 , 38a-17 to 38a-19 , inclusive, 38a-49 , 38a-51 to 38a-53 , inclusive, 38a-56 , 38a-76 , 38a-321 , 38a-334 to 38a-336a , inclusive, 38a-338 , 38a-340 to 38a-343 , inclusive, 38a-350 , 38a-363 to 38a-387 , inclusive, 38a-663 to 38a-666 , inclusive, 38a-669 , 38a-671 , 38a-675 to 38a-682 , inclusive, 38a-790 , 38a-792 , 38a-806 , 38a-815 to 38a-819 , inclusive, and 38a-828 .
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-196 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 99 / Section 7-196
Sec. 7-196. Form of petition.
Status: in_force

Cited. 171 C. 74; 179 C. 589; 188 C. 276; 208 C. 543.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-148ff — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 98 / Section 7-148ff
Sec. 7-148ff. Special assessment on blighted property. Remediation of blighted conditions. Liens.
Status: in_force

(b) Prior to initial approval by the legislative body of such municipality of the plan for implementation of the special assessment to be provided pursuant to the provisions of this section, the executive authority of such municipality shall appoint a committee consisting of not less than six taxpayers of such municipality, one of whom shall be a landlord, the tax assessor and representatives of municipal agencies responsible for zoning and health, housing, fire and other safety code compliance. The committee shall undertake and complete, within a period not in excess of sixty days following such appointment, a study and investigation with respect to such special assessment and shall submit a report to the board of finance or equivalent body of such municipality. The report shall include, but not be limited to, the following: (1) A statement describing the fiscal effect of a special assessment on the revenue for the municipality; (2) identification of properties that may be subject to a special assessment; (3) the amount of property taxes generated by the properties and the cost to the municipality for code enforcement on such properties, including costs for police and fire personnel; (4) recommendations with respect to the form and extent of any assessment; and (5) standards for imposition of the assessment. In establishing any standards, the committee shall consider the number of outstanding health, housing and safety violations for the property, the number of times municipal health, housing and safety personnel have had to inspect the property and the cost to the municipality to enforce code compliance on the property. After the initial approval of the special assessment by the legislative body of such municipality, such plan may be amended from time to time by vote of its legislative body on recommendation of its board of finance or equivalent body without compliance with the requirements of this subsection applicable to such initial approval.

(c) Any ordinance adopted under subsection (a) of this section shall include, but not be limited to, the following: (1) Standards to determine (A) if a special assessment should be imposed on a property, and (B) under what circumstances, if any, a right of entry to remediate a blighted condition on a property shall be authorized, (2) the amount of the assessment, which shall be a reasonable amount and based on an analysis of the costs to the municipality for code inspection and enforcement, including costs for police and fire personnel, (3) procedures for notice to the property owner of imposition of the special assessment and determination that a right of entry to remediate a blighted condition on a property is authorized, which shall include a time period to remedy the code noncompliance before the assessment is due or the right of entry is authorized and a process for appeal of an assessment or authorization, and which may allow for notice to be delivered in accordance with section 7-148ii when the property owner is a registrant, and (4) the appointment of a board consisting of the finance director, tax assessor and municipal code enforcement official to determine when the special assessment should be imposed or the right of entry authorized on specific property. Annually, the legislative body shall review the amount of any assessment to be imposed pursuant to an ordinance adopted under this section and may revise such amount.

(d) Any funds received by a municipality from a special assessment imposed pursuant to an ordinance adopted under subsection (c) of this section shall be deposited into a special fund or account maintained by the municipality which shall be dedicated for expenses of the municipality related to enforcement of ordinances regulating blight and state and local health, housing and safety codes and regulations, including expenses related to community police, and the remediation of blighted conditions, when authorized.

(e) Any unpaid special assessment imposed by a municipality pursuant to the provisions of an ordinance adopted under subsection (c) of this section shall constitute a lien upon the real estate against which the fine was imposed from the date of such fine. Each such lien may be continued, recorded and released in the manner provided by the general statutes for continuing, recording and releasing property tax liens. Each such lien may be enforced in the same manner as property tax liens.

See Sec. 12-169b re addition of municipal expenses to property taxes for real estate violating health, safety or building codes.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-576c — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 117 / Section 7-576c
Sec. 7-576c. Application by municipality to Secretary of Office of Policy and Management for designation as tier III municipality. Conditions. Notice to legislative body. Approval or rejection by legislative body. Designation by secretary. Referral to Municipal Accountability Review Board. Timing for designation.
Status: in_force

(b) Any municipality that (1) receives a bond rating below investment grade from a rating agency, (2) issues refunding bonds that (A) have a term of more than twenty-five years, (B) do not achieve net present value savings pursuant to the provisions of section 7-370c , and (C) have annual debt service obligations associated with any existing debt and such refunding bonds in any year that are greater than the first full year debt service obligation following the issuance of such refunding bonds, or (3) issues a deficit obligation shall be designated as a tier III municipality. Any municipality that meets one or more conditions described in subdivisions (1) to (3), inclusive, of this subsection, shall notify the secretary not later than ten days after having met such condition or conditions.

(c) The Municipal Finance Advisory Commission may, after holding at least one meeting with a designated tier I municipality, recommend to the secretary that such municipality be designated as a tier III municipality. Any such recommendation shall be made on the basis of such municipality's financial condition, which shall be documented by the commission in a report submitted to the secretary. A copy of such report shall be provided to such municipality not later than ten days after such submission. Not later than forty-five days after such submission, the secretary may approve or reject such recommendation. If the secretary does not approve or reject such recommendation during such forty-five-day period, such recommendation shall be deemed rejected.

(d) The secretary shall refer any municipality that is a designated tier III municipality to the Municipal Accountability Review Board established pursuant to the provisions of section 7-576d .
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-323n — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 104 / Section 7-323n
Sec. 7-323n. *(See end of section for amended version and effective date.) Office of State Fire Administration.
Status: in_force

*Note: On and after July 1, 2025, this section, as amended by section 4 of public act 24-136, is to read as follows:

“Sec. 7-323n. Division of State Fire Services Administration. The Division of State Fire Services Administration within the Department of Emergency Services and Public Protection shall: (1) Carry out the provisions of this part; (2) administer the state's responsibilities under federal laws relevant to fire service; (3) develop a master plan for fire prevention and control; and (4) carry out any other function which the commission may devise.”
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-130l — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 97 / Section 7-130l
Sec. 7-130l. Tax exemption.
Status: in_force

See Sec. 7-130v re payment by authority of sums in lieu of taxes.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-294d — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 104 / Section 7-294d
Sec. 7-294d. Powers of council. Certification of police officers, police training schools and law enforcement instructors. Refusal to renew, suspension, cancellation or revocation of certification. Hearing. Automatic certification. Exemptions. Written guidance to law enforcement units.
Status: in_force

(1) To develop and periodically update and revise comprehensive state and municipal police training plans;

(2) To approve, or revoke the approval of, any state or municipal police training school and to issue certification to such schools and to revoke such certification;

(3) To set the minimum courses of study and attendance required and the equipment and facilities to be required of approved state and municipal police training schools;

(4) To set the minimum qualifications for law enforcement instructors and to issue appropriate certification to such instructors in the field of expertise that such instructors will be teaching;

(5) To require that all probationary candidates receive the hours of basic training deemed necessary before being eligible for certification, such basic training to be completed within one year following the appointment as a probationary candidate, unless the candidate is granted additional time to complete such basic training by the council;

(6) To require the registration of probationary candidates with the academy within ten days of hiring for the purpose of scheduling training;

(7) To issue appropriate certification to police officers who have satisfactorily completed minimum basic training programs;

(8) To require that each police officer satisfactorily complete at least forty hours of certified review training every three years in order to maintain certification, unless the officer is granted additional time not to exceed one year to complete such training by the council;

(9) To develop an interactive electronic computer platform capable of administering training courses and to authorize police officers to complete certified review training at a local police department facility by means of such platform;

(10) To renew the certification of those police officers who have satisfactorily completed review training programs and submitted to a urinalysis drug test that screens for controlled substances, including, but not limited to, anabolic steroids, the result of which indicated no presence of any controlled substance not prescribed for the officer;

(11) To establish, in consultation with the Commissioner of Emergency Services and Public Protection, uniform minimum educational and training standards for employment as a police officer in full-time positions, temporary or probationary positions and part-time or voluntary positions;

(12) To develop, in consultation with the Commissioner of Emergency Services and Public Protection, a schedule to visit and inspect police basic training schools and to inspect each school at least once each year;

(13) To consult with and cooperate with universities, colleges and institutes for the development of specialized courses of study for police officers in police science and police administration;

(14) To work with the Commissioner of Emergency Services and Public Protection and with departments and agencies of this state and other states and the federal government concerned with police training;

(15) To make recommendations to the Commissioner of Emergency Services and Public Protection concerning a training academy administrator, who shall be appointed by the commissioner, and concerning the hiring of staff, within available appropriations, that may be necessary in the performance of its functions;

(16) To perform any other acts that may be necessary and appropriate to carry out the functions of the council as set forth in sections 7-294a to 7-294e , inclusive;

(17) To accept, with the approval of the Commissioner of Emergency Services and Public Protection, contributions, grants, gifts, donations, services or other financial assistance from any governmental unit, public agency or the private sector;

(18) To conduct any inspection and evaluation that may be necessary to determine if a law enforcement unit is complying with the provisions of this section;

(19) At the request and expense of any law enforcement unit, to conduct general or specific management surveys;

(20) To develop objective and uniform criteria for recommending any waiver of regulations or granting a waiver of procedures established by the council;

(21) To recruit, select and appoint candidates to the position of municipal probationary candidate and provide recruit training for candidates of the Connecticut Police Corps program in accordance with the Police Corps Act, 42 USC 14091 et seq., as amended from time to time;

(22) (A) To develop, adopt and revise, as necessary, comprehensive accreditation standards, and designation of such standards as state-accreditation tiers one, two and three, for the administration and management of law enforcement units, to grant accreditation to those law enforcement units that demonstrate their compliance with such standards and, at the request and expense of any law enforcement unit, to conduct such surveys as may be necessary to determine such unit's compliance with such standards; and (B) on and after January 1, 2023 to work with any law enforcement unit that has failed to obtain or maintain its certification of compliance with the appropriate tier or tiers or a higher level of accreditation standards developed by the council or the Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies, Inc., pursuant to section 7-294ee ;

(23) To recommend to the commissioner the appointment of any council training instructor, or such other person as determined by the council, to act as a special police officer throughout the state as such instructor or other person's official duties may require, provided any such instructor or other person so appointed shall be a certified police officer. Each such special police officer shall be sworn and may arrest and present before a competent authority any person for any offense committed within the officer's precinct; and

(24) To develop and implement written policies, on or before January 1, 2021, in consultation with the Commissioner of Emergency Services and Public Protection concerning the requirements that all police officers undergo periodic behavioral health assessments as set forth in section 7-291e . Such written policies shall, at a minimum, address (A) the confidentiality of such assessments, including, but not limited to, compliance with all provisions of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, P.L. 104-191, as amended from time to time, (B) the good faith reasons that the administrative head of a law enforcement unit, as defined in section 7-291e , may rely upon when requesting that a police officer undergo an additional assessment, (C) the availability of behavioral health treatment services that will be afforded to any police officer required to undergo a behavioral health assessment pursuant to section 7-291e , (D) the ability of a police officer to review and contest the results of any such assessment, (E) permissible personnel actions, if any, that may be taken by a law enforcement unit based on the results of such assessments while taking into consideration the due process rights of a police officer, (F) the process for selecting psychiatrists and psychologists to conduct such assessments, and (G) financial considerations that may be incurred by law enforcement units or police officers that are attributable to conducting such assessments.

(b) No person may be employed as a police officer by any law enforcement unit for a period exceeding one year unless such person has been certified under the provisions of subsection (a) of this section or has been granted an extension by the council. No person may serve as a police officer during any period when such person's certification has been cancelled or revoked pursuant to the provisions of subsection (c) of this section. In addition to the requirements of this subsection, the council may establish other qualifications for the employment of police officers and require evidence of fulfillment of these qualifications. The certification of any police officer who is not employed by a law enforcement unit for a period of time in excess of two years, unless such officer is on leave of absence, shall be considered lapsed. Upon reemployment as a police officer, such officer shall apply for recertification in a manner provided by the council, provided such recertification process requires the police officer to submit to a urinalysis drug test that screens for controlled substances, including, but not limited to, anabolic steroids, and receive a result indicating no presence of any controlled substance not prescribed for the officer. The council shall certify any applicant who presents evidence of satisfactory completion of a program or course of instruction in another state or, if the applicant is a veteran or a member of the armed forces or the National Guard, as part of training during service in the armed forces, that is equivalent in content and quality to that required in this state, provided such applicant passes an examination or evaluation as required by the council. For the purposes of this section, “veteran” and “armed forces” have the same meanings as provided in section 27-103 .

(c) (1) The council may refuse to renew any certificate if the holder fails to meet the requirements for renewal of his or her certification.

(2) The council may cancel or revoke any certificate if: (A) The certificate was issued by administrative error, (B) the certificate was obtained through misrepresentation or fraud, (C) the holder falsified any document in order to obtain or renew any certificate, (D) the holder has been convicted of a felony, (E) the holder has been found not guilty of a felony by reason of mental disease or defect pursuant to section 53a-13 , (F) the holder has been convicted of a violation of section 21a-279 , (G) the holder has been refused issuance of a certificate or similar authorization or has had his or her certificate or other authorization cancelled or revoked by another jurisdiction on grounds which would authorize cancellation or revocation under the provisions of this subdivision, (H) the holder has been found by a law enforcement unit, pursuant to procedures established by such unit, to have used a firearm in an improper manner which resulted in the death or serious physical injury of another person, (I) the holder has been found by a law enforcement unit, pursuant to procedures established by such unit and considering guidance developed under subsection (g) of this section, to have engaged in conduct that undermines public confidence in law enforcement, including, but not limited to, discriminatory conduct, falsification of reports, issuances of orders that are not lawful orders, failure to report or timely report a death in violation of section 7-294mm or a violation of the Alvin W. Penn Racial Profiling Prohibition Act pursuant to sections 54-1 l and 54-1m , provided, when evaluating any such conduct, the council considers such conduct engaged in while the holder is acting in such holder's law enforcement capacity or representing himself or herself to be a police officer to be more serious than such conduct engaged in by a holder not acting in such holder's law enforcement capacity or representing himself or herself to be a police officer, (J) the holder has been found by a law enforcement unit, pursuant to procedures established by such unit, to have used physical force on another person in a manner that is excessive or used physical force in a manner found to not be justifiable after an investigation conducted pursuant to section 51-277a , or (K) the holder has been found by a law enforcement unit, pursuant to procedures established by such unit, to have committed any act that would constitute tampering with or fabricating physical evidence in violation of section 53a-155 , perjury in violation of section 53a-156 or false statement in violation of section 53a-157b . Whenever the council believes there is a reasonable basis for suspension, cancellation or revocation of the certification of a police officer, police training school or law enforcement instructor, it shall give notice and an adequate opportunity for a hearing prior to such suspension, cancellation or revocation. Such hearing shall be conducted in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54. Any holder aggrieved by the decision of the council may appeal from such decision in accordance with the provisions of section 4-183 . The council may cancel or revoke any certificate if, after a de novo review, it finds by clear and convincing evidence (i) a basis set forth in subparagraphs (A) to (G), inclusive, of this subdivision, or (ii) that the holder of the certificate committed an act set forth in subparagraph (H), (I), (J) or (K) of this subdivision. In any such case where the council finds such evidence, but determines that the severity of an act committed by the holder of the certificate does not warrant cancellation or revocation of such holder's certificate, the council may suspend such holder's certification for a period of up to forty-five days and may censure such holder of the certificate. Any police officer or law enforcement instructor whose certification is cancelled or revoked pursuant to this section may reapply for certification no sooner than two years after the date on which the cancellation or revocation order becomes final. Any police training school whose certification is cancelled or revoked pursuant to this section may reapply for certification at any time after the date on which such order becomes final. For purposes of this subdivision, a lawful order is an order issued by a police officer who is in uniform or has identified himself or herself as a police officer to the person such order is issued to at the time such order is issued, and which order is reasonably related to the fulfillment of the duties of the police officer who is issuing such order, does not violate any provision of state or federal law and is only issued for the purposes of (I) preventing, detecting, investigating or stopping a crime, (II) protecting a person or property from harm, (III) apprehending a person suspected of a crime, (IV) enforcing a law, (V) regulating traffic, or (VI) assisting in emergency relief, including the administration of first aid.

(d) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (b) of this section, (1) any police officer, except a probationary candidate, who is serving under full-time appointment on July 1, 1982, and (2) any sworn member of the Division of State Police within the Department of Emergency Services and Public Protection, except a probationary candidate, who is serving under full-time appointment on July 31, 2020, shall be deemed to have met all certification requirements and shall be automatically certified by the council in accordance with the provisions of subsection (a) of section 7-294e .

(e) The provisions of this section shall apply to any person who performs police functions. As used in this subsection, “performs police functions” for a person who is not a police officer, as defined in section 7-294a , means that in the course of such person's official duties, such person carries a firearm and exercises arrest powers pursuant to section 54-1f or engages in the prevention, detection or investigation of crime, as defined in section 53a-24 . The council shall establish criteria by which the certification process required by this section shall apply to police officers.

(f) The provisions of this section shall not apply to (1) Connecticut National Guard security personnel, when acting within the scope of their National Guard duties, who have satisfactorily completed a program of police training conducted by the United States Army or Air Force, (2) employees of the Judicial Department, (3) municipal animal control officers appointed pursuant to section 22-331 , or (4) fire police appointed pursuant to section 7-313a . The provisions of this section with respect to renewal of certification upon satisfactory completion of review training programs shall not apply to any chief inspector or inspector in the Division of Criminal Justice who has satisfactorily completed a program of police training conducted by the division. Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (b) of this section, any police officer certified in accordance with subsection (a) of this section may accept employment with another police department within this state without repeating minimum basic training.

(g) The council may develop and issue written guidance to law enforcement units concerning grounds for suspension, cancellation or revocation of certification. Such written guidance may include, but not be limited to, (1) reporting procedures to be followed by chief law enforcement officers for certificate suspension, cancellation or revocation, (2) examples of conduct that undermines public confidence in law enforcement, (3) examples of discriminatory conduct, and (4) examples of misconduct while the certificate holder may not be acting in such holder's law enforcement capacity or representing himself or herself to be a police officer, but may be serious enough for suspension, cancellation or revocation of the holder's certificate. Such written guidance shall be available on the council's Internet web site.

(h) (1) The chief law enforcement officer of each law enforcement unit shall report to the council any violation where a certificate holder has been found by the law enforcement unit, pursuant to procedures established by such unit, to have: (A) Used unreasonable, excessive or illegal force that causes serious physical injury to or the death of another person, or used unreasonable, excessive or illegal force that was likely to cause serious physical injury or death to another person; (B) while acting in a law enforcement capacity, failed to intervene or stop the use of unreasonable, excessive or illegal force by another police officer that caused serious physical injury or death to another person, or unreasonable, excessive or illegal force that was likely to cause serious physical injury or death to another person, or to notify a supervisor and submit a written report of such acts where the holder has personal knowledge of such acts and had the ability to prevent such acts; (C) intentionally intimidated or harassed another person based upon actual or perceived protected class membership, identity or expression and in doing so threatened to commit or caused physical injury to another person; and (D) been terminated, dismissed, resigned or retired under circumstances described in section 7-291c .

(2) If the chief law enforcement officer of any municipal police department or the Department of Emergency Services and Public Protection fails to report to the council as required in subdivision (1) of this subsection, the council shall notify the Inspector General who shall investigate such failure to report. The Inspector General shall report the findings of the investigation to the Governor and joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to the judiciary in accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a .

Cited. 13 CA 124.

Subsec. (a):

Former Subdiv. (10) does not establish explicit, well-established and dominant public policy that, irrespective of or in limitation of collective bargaining agreement, a town has control over termination for fitness for duty of a police officer. 255 C. 800.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-148p — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 98 / Section 7-148p
Sec. 7-148p. Establishment of land bank authority authorized.
Status: in_force

(1) “Land bank authority” means a charitable nonstock corporation established by a municipality, or by two or more municipalities, for the purposes of acquiring real property, maintaining any such real property and disposing of any such real property within such municipality or municipalities, as applicable;

(2) “Board of directors” means the board of directors for a land bank authority;

(3) “Municipality” means any town, city or borough, consolidated town and city or consolidated town and borough; and

(4) “Real property” means land, subterranean or subsurface rights, structures, any and all easements, air rights and franchises and every estate, right or interest therein, but does not include any brownfield, as defined in section 32-760 .

(b) The legislative body of any municipality, by ordinance, or the legislative bodies of two or more municipalities, by concurrent ordinances entering into an intergovernmental cooperation agreement, may establish a land bank authority. Any such ordinance or concurrent ordinances, as applicable, shall set forth (1) the name of the land bank authority, (2) the size of the board of directors, provided such board shall consist of five, seven, nine or eleven members, (3) the qualifications, manner of appointment and terms of office of such board's members, and (4) the members initially appointed to serve on such board, any of which may, notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes, be an individual elected to an office or otherwise employed by any such municipality.

(c) (1) Annually, the members of the board of directors of a land bank authority shall (A) select from among themselves a chairperson, vice-chairperson, treasurer and any other officer as such board may deem necessary to carry out the purposes of this section, and (B) adopt bylaws for the conduct of business in carrying out such purposes.

(2) Bylaws adopted by such board of directors shall establish procedures relative to the attendance and participation of board members at any meeting of such board, which procedures may provide for removal of a member from such board for failure to comply with such bylaws by a majority vote of the total membership of such board, provided any individual so removed shall be ineligible for reappointment to such board unless such reappointment is unanimously confirmed by such board. Any such removal shall create a vacancy on such board effective the first day of the month immediately following such removal. Any such vacancy shall be filled as set forth pursuant to subdivision (3) of subsection (b) of this section.

(3) (A) Each member of such board of directors shall serve without compensation, except that such board may reimburse any such member for expenses incurred in the performance of such member's duties on behalf of such authority.

(B) No board member, and no staff as described in subsection (d) of this section, may acquire any interest in any real property held by such authority or in any real property to be acquired by or from such authority. No board member and no such staff may have any interest in any contract or proposed contract for materials or services to be furnished or used by such authority. The board of directors of such authority may adopt additional bylaws to address actual and potential conflicts of interest and ethical guidelines for such board members and staff.

(C) No board member shall be personally liable on any bond or obligation of such authority, and any right of a creditor shall be against such authority only.

(4) (A) Regular meetings of such board of directors shall be held in accordance with a schedule adopted by such board. Special meetings of such board shall be held upon the call of the chairperson or upon a signed petition of a majority of the total membership of such board. A majority of the total membership of such board of directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of any business. Except as provided in subparagraph (B) of this subdivision and subsection (j) of this section, approval of any board action shall be by a majority vote of the members of such board present and voting. No board member may vote by proxy. Any board member may request a roll-call vote on any action taken by such authority. Such board shall cause minutes and a record to be kept of each meeting.

(B) The following board actions shall be approved by a majority vote of the total membership of such board: (i) Adoption of bylaws for the conduct of business; (ii) hiring or firing of any employee or contractor of such land bank authority, except that such board may delegate the exercise of any such action to an officer of such authority and to an extent as may be specified by such board in such delegation; (iii) incurrence of debt; (iv) adoption or amendment of an annual budget; and (v) sale, lease, encumbrance or alienation of any real property, improvements thereto or personal property valued in an amount exceeding fifty thousand dollars.

(d) (1) The board of directors of a land bank authority may hire an executive director, legal counsel and any other staff such board deems qualified to serve such authority. Such board may contract with one or more municipalities for the staffing of such authority or of any department or agency of any such municipality.

(2) Such board may (A) organize and reorganize the executive, administrative, clerical and other responsibilities of such authority, and (B) fix the duties, powers and compensation of each employee, agent and consultant of such authority.

(e) (1) The board of directors of a land bank authority may exercise any power necessary to carry out the purposes of this section, including:

(A) To adopt, amend and repeal bylaws for the conduct of its business;

(B) To sue and be sued in its own name, to plead and be impleaded in any civil action, including, but not limited to, any such action to clear title to property of such authority;

(C) To adopt a seal and to alter such seal;

(D) To borrow from private lenders, municipalities, the state or the federal government any moneys necessary for the operation of such authority;

(E) To issue negotiable revenue bonds and notes in accordance with this section;

(F) To procure (i) insurance or guarantees from the state or the federal government for the payment of any debt or part thereof incurred by such authority, and to pay any premium in connection therewith, and (ii) insurance against any loss in connection with any real property, asset or activity of such authority;

(G) To enter into any contract or other instrument necessary, incidental or convenient for carrying out the purposes of this section;

(H) To invest moneys of such authority in any instrument, obligation, security or property deemed proper, and to name and use any depository for any such moneys;

(I) To design, develop, construct, demolish, reconstruct, rehabilitate, renovate, relocate and otherwise improve any real property or any right or interest therein;

(J) To fix, charge and collect any rent, fee or charge for the use of any real property of such authority and for any service provided by such authority;

(K) To grant or acquire any license, easement, lease or option with respect to any real property of such authority; and

(L) To enter into any collaborative relationship with any municipality and other public and private entities for the ownership, management, development and disposition of any real property.

(2) The board of directors of a land bank authority shall neither possess nor exercise the power of eminent domain.

(f) (1) Notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes, a land bank authority (A) may, on terms and conditions and in a manner deemed proper by the board of directors of such authority, acquire any real property or interest thereof by gift, devise, transfer, exchange, foreclosure, purchase or other means, (B) shall hold in its own name any property so acquired, and (C) shall create and make available for public inspection an inventory of any property held by such authority.

(2) Such authority shall not hold any real property or interest thereof located outside of the municipality or municipalities, as applicable, that established such authority, and shall maintain all of its real property in accordance with the laws of the municipality or municipalities in which such property is located. Such authority may, pursuant to an intergovernmental cooperation agreement with a municipality, maintain real property located within such municipality.

(3) Any real property or interest thereof held by such authority, and any income derived therefrom, shall be exempt from taxation by the state and by any political subdivision thereof.

(g) (1) A land bank authority may convey, exchange, sell, transfer, lease, grant, release, demise, mortgage or otherwise pledge or hypothecate any interest in any real property held by such authority. Except as may be provided in subdivision (3) of this subsection, the board of directors of such authority may delegate to its staff the power to contract with a legal entity for the conveyance of any such interest.

(2) Such board of directors shall set forth in such board's bylaws the terms and conditions of any consideration to be received by such authority for the conveyance of any interest in any real property held by such authority, provided such consideration shall be in a form deemed by such board to be in the best interest of such authority.

(3) The ordinance or concurrent ordinances, as applicable, adopted pursuant to subsection (b) of this section may (A) establish an order of priorities for the use of any interest in any real property conveyed by such authority, and (B) require that certain means of disposing of any such interest, or that the disposition of any such interest in certain locations, be subject to different requirements for approval by the board of directors of such authority.

(h) (1) A land bank authority may receive (A) grants or loans from (i) the municipality or municipalities, as applicable, that established such authority, (ii) any other municipality, (iii) the state, (iv) the federal government, or (v) any other public or private source, and (B) payment for (i) any service rendered, (ii) any rent or leasehold, (iii) any consideration related to the disposition of any interest in real or personal property held by such authority, (iv) any proceeds of insurance coverage for any loss incurred, (v) any income from investments, and (vi) any other asset or activity provided for under this section.

(2) Commencing on October first immediately following the conveyance of any interest in real property by a land bank authority, and annually thereafter for five years, fifty per cent of the taxes collected by a municipality pursuant to state law on any such interest so conveyed shall be remitted to such authority by such municipality.

(i) (1) A land bank authority may issue limited obligation bonds, pursuant to resolution of the board of directors of such authority, to carry out the purposes of this section. Such resolution shall set forth (A) the form and denomination of any such bond, (B) the manner of sale at public sale or private sale and of delivery of such bond, (C) the manner in which such bond bears interest and matures, (D) the execution of such bond by one or more board members, and (E) any option of such board to redeem any such bond and the manner of such redemption. Such board shall publish such resolution in a newspaper having general circulation within the municipality or municipalities, as applicable, that established such authority.

(2) Such authority may pay the principal and interest of any such bond, as well as the cost of issuance and any other incidental cost of such bond, solely from revenues derived from the disposition of any asset of such authority, except that for any refunding bond issued by such board of directors, such authority may also make such payment from the investment of any proceeds of such refunding bond. Any such bond may be secured by a mortgage of any interest in any property of such authority or by pledge of any such revenues, including grants or contributions from the state or any agency thereof or the federal government or any agency thereof. Any such refunding bond shall not constitute under state law an indebtedness or pledge of the general credit of any municipality, and shall contain a recital to that effect. Any such bond shall be a negotiable instrument under state law and law merchant.

(3) (A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B) of this subdivision, (i) any such bond shall not be a debt of any municipality or of the state, (ii) such bond shall contain a recital to that effect, and (iii) any revenues and any interest of real property of any municipality or of the state shall not be liable for any such bond.

(B) Any municipality that established a land bank authority may guarantee, insure or otherwise become primarily or secondarily obligated on the indebtedness of such authority, unless otherwise prohibited by any other provision of the general statutes.

(j) The board of directors of a land bank authority may, by resolution adopted by two-thirds of the total membership of such board, dissolve such authority, provided such dissolution shall take effect sixty days after the adoption of such resolution. Sixty days prior to such board's consideration of such resolution, such board shall (1) give written notice thereof to the municipality or municipalities, as applicable, that established such authority, (2) publish notice thereof in a newspaper having general circulation in such municipality or municipalities, and (3) send notice thereof by certified mail to the trustee of any outstanding bond of such authority. Each interest in real or personal property and each asset of such authority at the time of dissolution shall inure to the benefit of such municipality or municipalities, as applicable. If two or more municipalities established a land bank authority pursuant to this section, the withdrawal of one such municipality shall not dissolve such authority unless (A) the concurrent ordinances entering such municipalities into an intergovernmental cooperation agreement so provides, or (B) no such municipality wishes to continue the existence of such authority.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-348 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 106 / Section 7-348
Sec. 7-348. Towns not to contract in excess of appropriations. Town meeting to increase amount.
Status: in_force

See Sec. 4-100 re penalty for exceeding appropriations.

When town liable under contract though amount exceeds unexpended balance of appropriation. 111 C. 510. Board of finance cannot place funds for school purposes in general government budget to be paid to school board on happening of certain contingencies. 151 C. 1. Cited. 237 C. 135.

Authority of court to grant permanent injunction for restricting an appropriation during fiscal year. 11 CS 215. Where town within borough required to pay borough cost of repairing and maintaining roads within town, fact that no appropriation was made in annual budget of the town for this purpose is not a valid defense. 20 CS 309.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-495 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 114 / Section 7-495
Sec. 7-495. Municipal default or noncompliance. Appointment of trustee.
Status: in_force

(b) Such trustee may, and upon written request of the holders of twenty-five per cent in principal amount of such notes or bonds then outstanding shall, in his or its own name: (1) By suit, action or proceeding in accordance with the general statutes enforce all rights of the noteholders or bondholders, including the right to require the municipality to carry out any agreement with such holders and to perform its duties under this chapter; (2) bring suit upon such notes or bonds; (3) by action or suit, require the municipality to account as if it were the trustee of an express trust for the holders of such notes or bonds; (4) by action or suit, enjoin any acts or things which may be unlawful or in violation of the rights of the holders of such notes or bonds; (5) declare all such notes or bonds due and payable, and if all defaults shall be made good, then, with the consent of the holders of twenty-five per cent of the principal amount of such notes or bonds then outstanding, annul such declaration and its consequences.

(c) The Superior Court shall have jurisdiction of any suit, action or proceeding by the trustee on behalf of such noteholders or bondholders. The venue of any such suit, action or proceeding shall be laid in the municipality against which any such remedy is sought.

(d) Before declaring the principal of notes or bonds due and payable, the trustee shall first give thirty days' notice in writing to the municipality.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-425 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 113 / Section 7-425
Sec. 7-425. Definitions.
Status: in_force

(1) “Municipality” means any town, city, borough, school district, regional school district, taxing district, fire district, district department of health, probate district, housing authority, regional workforce development board established under section 31-3k , regional emergency telecommunications center, tourism district established under section 10-397 , flood commission or authority established by special act or regional council of governments;

(2) “Participating municipality” means any municipality that has accepted this part, as provided in section 7-427 ;

(3) “Legislative body” means, for towns having a town council, the council; for other towns, the selectmen; for cities, the common council or other similar body of officials; for boroughs, the warden and burgesses; for regional school districts, the regional board of education; for district departments of health, the board of the district; for probate districts, the judge of probate; for regional councils of governments, the council; for regional emergency telecommunications centers, a representative board; for tourism districts, the board of directors of such tourism district; and in all other cases the body authorized by the general statutes or by special act to make ordinances for the municipality;

(4) “Retirement Commission” means the Connecticut Municipal Employees Retirement Commission established under section 7-448a ;

(5) “Member” means any regular employee or elective officer receiving pay from a participating municipality, and any regular employee of a free public library that receives part or all of its income from municipal appropriation, who has been included by such municipality in the pension plan as provided in section 7-427 , but shall not include any person who customarily works less than twenty hours a week if such person entered employment after September 30, 1969, any police officer or firefighter who will attain the compulsory retirement age after less than five years of continuous service in fund B, any teacher who is eligible for membership in the state teachers retirement system, any person eligible for membership in any pension system established by or under the authority of any special act or of a charter adopted under the provisions of chapter 99, or any person holding a position funded in whole or in part by the federal government as part of any public service employment program, on-the-job training program or work experience program, provided persons holding such federally funded positions on July 1, 1978, shall not be excluded from membership but may elect to receive a refund of their accumulated contributions without interest;

(6) “Pay” means the salary, wages or earnings of an employee, including any payments received pursuant to chapter 568 and the money value as determined by the Retirement Commission of any board, lodging, fuel or laundry provided for such employee by the municipality but not including any fees or allowances for expenses;

(7) “Fund” or “fund B” means the Connecticut Municipal Employees' Retirement Fund B;

(8) “Continuous service” or “service” means active service as a member, or active service prior to becoming a member if such service (A) was in a department for which participation was subsequently accepted and not subsequently withdrawn, (B) was continuous to the date of becoming a member except service for which credit is granted pursuant to section 7-436a , and (C) would have been as a member if the department had then been participating, all subject to the provisions of section 7-434 ;

(9) “Active service” means service with a participating municipality for which a member makes contributions pursuant to section 7-440 ;

(10) “Aggregate service” means active service plus any other form of service for which a member obtains credit under sections 7-427b , 7-436b , 7-442a and 7-442b ;

(11) “System” means the Old Age and Survivors Insurance System under Title II of the Social Security Act, as amended;

(12) “Social Security Act” means the Act of Congress, approved August 14, 1935, Chapter 531, 49 Stat. 620, officially cited as the Social Security Act, including regulations and requirements issued pursuant thereto, as such act has been and may from time to time be amended;

(13) “Regional emergency telecommunications center” means any entity authorized by the Department of Emergency Services and Public Protection as a public safety answering point responsible for the receipt and processing of 9-1-1 calls for at least three municipalities.

Cited. 148 C. 233.

Vote of board of police commissioners not effective to accept provisions of part. 18 CS 8. “Continuous service” defined as used in retirement act established by special act. 21 CS 116.

Subdiv. (5):

The use of the adjective “regular” to modify “employee” strongly suggests that, for purposes of the retirement system scheme, there are two classes of employees, namely, elective officers and other, regular employees; section does not foreclose possibility that elective officers are merely a subset of all employees for purposes of the Municipal Employees' Retirement Act. 326 C. 160. The definition of “member” pertains only to the statutes within part II of Ch. 113 that govern participation in retirement fund and is irrelevant to Sec. 7-433c which governs the separate and distinct heart and hypertension benefits scheme available to disabled police officers and firefighters or their survivors. 206 CA 223.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-306 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 104 / Section 7-306
Sec. 7-306. Earnings.
Status: in_force

Cited. 149 C. 527; 196 C. 192.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-201 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 99 / Section 7-201
Sec. 7-201. Receipt of funds. Appropriations.
Status: in_force

Cited. 179 C. 589; 188 C. 276; 208 C. 543.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-69 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 93 / Section 7-69
Sec. 7-69. Removal of body of deceased person.
Status: in_force

See Sec. 19a-91 re regulation of transportation of bodies.

See Sec. 19a-324 re penalty for failure to obtain permit or for making false statement in procuring permit.

Cited. 141 C. 218.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-370c — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 109 / Section 7-370c
Sec. 7-370c. Authority to issue refunding bonds for payment, funding or refunding of bonds, notes or other obligations previously issued.
Status: in_force

(b) (1) Notwithstanding the provisions of subdivisions (1) and (2) of subsection (a) of this section and contingent on the passage of a resolution by a two-thirds vote of the legislative body of the municipality, any such refunding bonds issued on or after July 1, 2017, but prior to July 1, 2027, shall mature not later than thirty years from the date of the issuance of such refunding bonds.

(2) Refunding bonds issued pursuant to subdivision (1) of this subsection may be secured by a statutory lien, if provided for in such resolution, on all revenues received by the municipality from its tax levy and collection. Such lien shall arise by operation of this subdivision automatically without any further action or authorization by the municipality and such revenues shall be immediately subject to the lien. The lien shall immediately attach to such revenues and be valid and binding as against the municipality, its successors, transferees and creditors and all other parties asserting rights to such revenues, without any physical delivery, recordation or filing of the lien or further act, irrespective of whether such successors, transferees, creditors or other parties have notice of the lien.

(c) Notwithstanding the provisions of the general statutes or any special act, local law or charter governing the authorization and issuance of bonds, notes or other obligations and the appropriation of the proceeds thereof, such refunding bonds shall be authorized, and the proceeds appropriated for the purposes permitted under this section, by resolution of the legislative body of the municipality, and shall be subject to the same limitations and requirements as bonds issued pursuant to this chapter, provided the provisions of section 7-371 regarding limitations on the date of the first maturity, or on the amount of any principal or on any principal and interest installments on any bonds, shall not apply to refunding bonds issued (1) under subsection (b) of this section, or (2) under subsection (a) of this section that achieve net present value savings after comparing total debt service payable on the refunding bonds to the total debt service payable on the refunded bonds, after accounting for costs of issuance and underwriters' discount.

(d) As used in this section, “legislative body” means (1) the board of selectmen in a town that does not have a charter, special act or home rule ordinance relating to its government, (2) the council, board of aldermen, representative town meeting, board of selectmen or other elected legislative body described in a charter, special act or home rule ordinance relating to government in a city, consolidated town and city, consolidated town and borough or a town having a charter, special act, consolidation ordinance or home rule ordinance relating to its government, (3) the board of burgesses or other elected legislative body in a borough, or (4) the district committee or other elected legislative body in a district, metropolitan district or other municipal corporation.

See Sec. 7-380b re issuance of bonds, notes or other obligations authorized before June 23, 1993.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-36 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 93 / Section 7-36
Sec. 7-36. Definitions.
Status: in_force

(1) “Registrar of vital statistics” or “registrar” means the registrar of births, marriages, deaths and fetal deaths or any public official charged with the care of returns relating to vital statistics;

(2) “Registration” means the process by which vital records are completed, filed and incorporated into the official records of the department;

(3) “Institution” means any public or private facility that provides inpatient medical, surgical or diagnostic care or treatment, or nursing, custodial or domiciliary care, or to which persons are committed by law;

(4) “Vital records” means a certificate of birth, death, fetal death or marriage;

(5) “Certified copy” means a copy of a birth, death, fetal death or marriage certificate that (A) includes all information on the certificate except such information that is nondisclosable by law, (B) is issued or transmitted by any registrar of vital statistics, (C) includes an attested signature and the raised seal of an authorized person, and (D) if submitted to the department, includes all information required by the commissioner;

(6) “Uncertified copy” means a copy of a birth, death, fetal death or marriage certificate that includes all information contained in a certified copy except an original attested signature and a raised seal of an authorized person;

(7) “Authenticate” or “authenticated” means to affix to a vital record in paper format the official seal, or to affix to a vital record in electronic format the user identification, password, or other means of electronic identification, as approved by the department, of the creator of the vital record, or the creator's designee, by which affixing the creator of such paper or electronic vital record, or the creator's designee, affirms the integrity of such vital record;

(8) “Attest” means to verify a vital record in accordance with the provisions of subdivision (5) of this section;

(9) “Correction” means to change or enter new information on a certificate of birth, marriage, death or fetal death, within one year of the date of the vital event recorded in such certificate, in order to accurately reflect the facts existing at the time of the recording of such vital event, where such changes or entries are to correct errors on such certificate due to inaccurate or incomplete information provided by the informant at the time the certificate was prepared, or to correct transcribing, typographical or clerical errors;

(10) “Amendment” means to (A) change or enter new information on a certificate of birth, marriage, death or fetal death, more than one year after the date of the vital event recorded in such certificate, in order to accurately reflect the facts existing at the time of the recording of the event, (B) create a replacement certificate of birth for matters pertaining to parentage and gender change, (C) create a replacement certificate of marriage for matters pertaining to gender change, or (D) reflect a legal name change in accordance with section 19a-42 or make a modification to a cause of death;

(11) “Acknowledgment of paternity” means to legally acknowledge paternity of a child pursuant to section 46b-570 ;

(12) “Adjudication of paternity” means to legally establish paternity through an order of a court of competent jurisdiction;

(13) “Parentage” includes matters relating to adoption, surrogacy agreements, paternity and maternity;

(14) “Department” means the Department of Public Health;

(15) “Commissioner” means the Commissioner of Public Health or the commissioner's designee;

(16) “Surrogacy agreement” means an agreement between one or more intended parents and a person who is not an intended parent in which such person agrees to become pregnant through assisted reproduction and which provides that each intended parent is a parent of a child conceived under the agreement. Unless the context otherwise requires, “surrogacy agreement” includes an agreement with a person acting as a gestational surrogate and an agreement with a person acting as a genetic surrogate;

(17) “Intended parent” means a person, married or unmarried, who manifests an intent to be legally bound as a parent of a child conceived by assisted reproduction;

(18) “Foundling” means (A) a child of unknown parentage, or (B) an infant voluntarily surrendered pursuant to the provisions of section 17a-58 ;

(19) “Certified homeless youth” means a person who is at least fifteen years of age but less than eighteen years of age, is not in the physical custody of a parent or legal guardian, who is a homeless child or youth, as defined in 42 USC 11434a, as amended from time to time, and who has been certified as homeless by (A) a school district homeless liaison, (B) the director of an emergency shelter program funded by the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, or the director's designee, (C) the director of a runaway or homeless youth basic center or transitional living program funded by the United States Department of Health and Human Services, or the director's designee, or (D) the director of a program of a nonprofit organization or municipality that is contracted with the homeless youth program established pursuant to section 17a-62a ;

(20) “Certified homeless young adult” means a person who is at least eighteen years of age but less than twenty-five years of age who has been certified as homeless by (A) a school district homeless liaison, (B) the director of an emergency shelter program funded by the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, or the director's designee, (C) the director of a runaway or homeless youth basic center or transitional living program funded by the United States Department of Health and Human Services, or the director's designee, or (D) the director of a program of a nonprofit organization or municipality that is contracted with the homeless youth program established pursuant to section 17a-62a ;

(21) “Cremation” means the disposition of a body through incineration or alkaline hydrolysis; and

(22) “Crematory” means an establishment at which human remains are reduced to bone fragments through incineration or alkaline hydrolysis.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-149c — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 98 / Section 7-149c
Sec. 7-149c. Municipal regulation of operation and use of external speakers attached to a motor vehicle. Penalties. Seizure and forfeiture.
Status: in_force

(b) No external speaker shall be forfeited under an ordinance adopted pursuant to this section to the extent of the interest of an owner by reason of any act or omission committed by another person if such owner did not know and could not have reasonably known that such external speaker was being used or was intended to be used in violation of a municipal ordinance.

(c) Any external speaker ordered forfeited pursuant to such an ordinance shall be sold at a public auction conducted by the municipality. The proceeds of such sale shall be paid to the treasurer of the municipality, who shall deposit such proceeds into the general fund of the municipality.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-436 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 113 / Section 7-436
Sec. 7-436. Retirement benefits, monthly allowances.
Status: in_force

(b) Members covered by Social Security who are not yet eligible to receive Social Security benefits. After retirement, in accordance with the provisions of this part and except as provided in subsection (h) of this section, each member of the municipal employees' retirement system who (1) is covered by the Old Age and Survivors Insurance System, (2) retires before attaining the age at which such member first becomes eligible to receive Social Security benefits, and (3) who has not qualified for a Social Security disability award, shall receive, until such member attains such age or qualifies for a Social Security disability award, if earlier, a retirement allowance payable in monthly installments at an annual rate equal to one-twelfth of two per cent of the member's average annual pay for the three highest-paid years of service, multiplied by the number of months of such member's aggregate service.

(c) Members eligible to receive Social Security benefits. On and after January 1, 2002, except as provided in subsection (h) of this section, the following formula shall be used for the purpose of calculating the monthly allowance of each member covered by the Old Age and Survivors Insurance System on the first of the month after such member attains the age at which such member first becomes eligible to receive Social Security benefits or qualifies for a Social Security disability award, if earlier: One-twelfth of one and one-half per cent of such member's average annual pay for the three highest-paid years of service up to the breakpoint for the year in which such member separated from service, plus one-twelfth of two per cent of such member's final average annual pay in excess of the breakpoint for the year in which such member separated from service, multiplied by such member's years of retirement credit and fractions thereof. Such allowance shall be reduced in recognition of any optional form of retirement income elected in accordance with section 7-439g . For the purposes of this section, “breakpoint” has the same meaning as “year's breakpoint” as provided in section 5-192f .

(d) Disability retirees. Notwithstanding the provisions of subsections (a) to (c), inclusive, of this section, the retirement allowance for permanent and total disability arising out of and in the course of such member's employment, as defined in the Workers' Compensation Act, shall not be less than one-twelfth of one-half of the member's annual pay at the time such member's disability was incurred. Any amount or amounts received under the Workers' Compensation Act shall be deducted from such allowance, except that any member who has received a specific indemnity award under section 31-307 or 31-308 shall not have the amount of such indemnity award deducted from such member's allowance. The retirement allowance provided under this subsection shall be reduced by the amount of any retirement allowance concurrently payable under the provisions of section 7-431 , and by the amount of any retirement allowance concurrently payable by the state employees' retirement system or the retirement system of any municipality not participating under the provisions of this part, on account of a period of service for which credit has been transferred to the Municipal Employees' Retirement Fund under the provisions of section 7-442b , or the monthly equivalent thereof if payable other than monthly. No retirement allowances under this section, before the reduction prescribed in the preceding sentence plus workers' compensation payments and benefits under the Old Age and Survivors Insurance System on account of service in a participating municipality, if any, shall exceed one-twelfth of the member's average annual pay during the three highest-paid years of municipal service, and, subject to the foregoing maximum limit, no such allowance plus payments shall be less than one thousand dollars annually.

(e) Additional cost of living allowances for certain retirees. Each employee or spouse of a deceased employee retired under the Municipal Employees' Retirement Act Fund B prior to July 1, 1971, shall be entitled, in addition to his or her original monthly retirement allowance, to an additional cost of living monthly allowance computed on the basis of his or her monthly retirement allowance, less any prior cost of living increases to which he or she was previously entitled, using the table in subdivision (1) of this subsection.

(1) Such cost of living allowances shall commence on July 1, 1973, and shall be computed at the rates set forth in the following table:
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-191a — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 99 / Section 7-191a
Sec. 7-191a. Adoption of home rule ordinance.
Status: in_force

Cited. 178 C. 81; 188 C. 276; 193 C. 1; 196 C. 623.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-148kk — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 98 / Section 7-148kk
Sec. 7-148kk. Negotiated agreement to promote regional economic development and share tax revenue from new economic development.
Status: in_force

(b) Notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes or any special act, municipal charter or home rule ordinance, the chief elected officials of two or more municipalities that are members of the same federal economic development district, established under 42 USC 3171, may initiate a process for such municipalities to enter into an agreement to promote regional economic development and share the real and personal property tax revenue from new economic development. Such agreement shall provide that the municipalities agree not to compete for new economic development and shall specify the types of new economic development projects subject to the agreement. The agreement shall also have terms providing for (1) identification of areas for (A) new economic development, (B) open space and natural resource preservation, and (C) transit-oriented development, including housing; (2) capital improvements, including the shared use of buildings and other capital assets; (3) regional energy consumption, including strategies for cooperative energy use and development of distributive generation and sustainable energy projects; and (4) promotion and sharing of arts and cultural assets. The agreement shall also include terms providing for at least three municipal cooperative programs and at least three educational cooperative programs, including, but not limited to, the following: (A) Collective bargaining, (B) purchasing cooperatives, (C) health care pooling with each other or the state, (D) regional shared school curriculum and special education services, through regional educational service centers, established under section 10-66a , and (E) any other initiatives mutually agreed upon. Each municipality that is party to the agreement shall participate in at least one municipal cooperative program and one educational cooperative program. The provisions of this section shall not be construed to require each municipality that is party to the agreement to participate in all municipal cooperative programs and educational cooperative programs described in the agreement.

(c) The agreement shall be prepared pursuant to negotiations and shall contain all provisions on which there is mutual agreement between the municipalities. The agreement shall establish procedures for amendment, termination and withdrawal. The negotiations shall include an opportunity for public participation. The agreement shall be approved by each municipality that is a party to the agreement by resolution of the legislative body.

(d) The municipality in which real property with new economic development is located that is subject to shared revenue pursuant to an agreement under this section shall maintain a separate list describing such properties. The mill rate used to determine the amount of taxes imposed on such new economic development shall be the mill rate of the municipality in which the development is located.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-83 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 94 / Section 7-83
Sec. 7-83. Town orders to be signed by majority of the selectmen.
Status: in_force

See Sec. 7-12 re selectmen's duties.

See Sec. 7-13 re procedure for selectman's drawing order on treasurer.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-121 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 97 / Section 7-121
Sec. 7-121. Making of specific appropriations.
Status: in_force

See Sec. 4-100 re penalty for exceeding appropriations.

Scope of section. 89 C. 562. Cited. 212 C. 338.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-1 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 90 / Section 7-1
Sec. 7-1. Annual and special town meetings. Holding of meetings outside town.
Status: in_force

(b) Where any town's public buildings do not contain adequate space for holding annual or special town meetings, any such town may hold any such meeting outside the boundaries of the town, provided such meetings are held at the nearest practical locations to the town.

Vote may be rescinded at subsequent meeting. 34 C. 108. Calling of special meeting for legal purpose is obligatory; immaterial that application names a day. 41 C. 245. Mandamus to compel calling of special meeting; reasonable certainty enough in application. 89 C. 561. Cited. 139 C. 209. Mandamus lies for directing selectmen to call town meeting for acceptance of street as public highway. 151 C. 372. Cited. 204 C. 551. Provisions of section do not preempt provisions of town charters delineating the circumstances requiring town meeting involvement. 234 C. 513.

Cited. 21 CA 351. Plaintiff's application to warn town meeting concerning dismissal of town planner was not proper under section. 85 CA 555.

No duty on the selectman to call a meeting pursuant to a petition where object is unlawful, frivolous or improper. 16 CS 486; 19 CS 216. While the board of selectmen is required to warn a town meeting on petition of twenty inhabitants qualified to vote, there is no duty to warn a meeting pursuant to such petition unless the board is reasonably certain that the object of the petition is lawful, proper, and not frivolous. 32 CS 237.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-282 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 104 / Section 7-282
Sec. 7-282. Municipal accident and police records.
Status: in_force

See Sec. 29-10c re state police accident records.

Cited. 33 CA 727.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-148aa — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 98 / Section 7-148aa
Sec. 7-148aa. Lien on real estate where penalty for violation of zoning regulations or blight ordinance is unpaid.
Status: in_force

Section gives the court subject matter jurisdiction to determine whether it can treat anti-blight lien as a property tax lien and if so, whether the anti-blight lien may be discharged as such. 145 CA 202.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-191 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 99 / Section 7-191
Sec. 7-191. Charters, charter amendments and home rule ordinance amendments: Hearings; draft and final report; public notice; referendum; effective date; filing of copies with Secretary of the State; file maintained by State Library.
Status: in_force

(b) The commission shall submit its draft report, including the proposed charter, charter amendments or home rule ordinance amendments, to the clerk of the municipality, who shall transmit such report to the appointing authority. The appointing authority shall hold at least one public hearing on the draft report and shall hold its last hearing not later than forty-five days after the submission of the draft report to such clerk. Not later than fifteen days after its last hearing, the appointing authority shall make recommendations to the commission for such changes in the draft report as it deems desirable.

(c) If the appointing authority makes no recommendations for changes in the draft report to the commission within such fifteen days, the report of the commission shall be final and the appointing authority shall act on such report. If the appointing authority makes recommendations for changes in the draft report to the commission, the commission shall confer with the appointing authority concerning any such recommendations and may amend any provisions of the proposed charter, charter amendments or home rule ordinance amendments, in accordance with such recommendations, or the commission may reject such recommendations. In either case the commission shall make its final report to the appointing authority not later than thirty days after receiving such recommendations.

(d) Not later than fifteen days after receiving the final report, the appointing authority, by a majority vote of its entire membership, shall either approve the proposed charter, charter amendments or home rule ordinance amendments or reject the same or separate provisions thereof. Not later than forty-five days after a vote of the appointing authority to reject such matter, a petition for a referendum thereon, signed by not less than ten per cent of the electors of such municipality, as determined by the last-completed registry list thereof, and filed and certified in accordance with the provisions of section 7-188 , may be presented to the appointing authority. Not later than thirty days after approval by the appointing authority or the certification of such a petition (1) the proposed charter shall be published in full at least once in a newspaper having a general circulation in the municipality, or (2) the portion of the charter or home rule ordinance being amended shall be published at least once in a newspaper having a general circulation in the municipality with a notice that a complete copy of the charter or home rule ordinance and amendment is available in the town clerk's office and that a copy shall be mailed to any person who requests a copy. The town clerk shall mail or otherwise provide such copy to any person who requests a copy.

(e) The appointing authority shall, by a majority vote of its entire membership, determine whether the proposed charter, charter amendments or home rule ordinance amendments shall be submitted to the electors for approval or rejection at a regular election or at a special election warned and held for that purpose, which shall be held not later than fifteen months after either the approval by the appointing authority or the certification of a petition for a referendum.

(f) The proposed charter, charter amendments or home rule ordinance amendments shall be prepared for the ballot by the appointing authority and may be submitted in the form of one or several questions; and, if approved by a majority of the electors of the municipality voting thereon at a regular election or if approved by a majority which number equals at least fifteen per cent of the electors of the municipality as determined by the last-completed active registry list of such municipality at a special election, such proposed charter, charter amendments or home rule ordinance amendments shall become effective thirty days after such approval unless an effective date or dates are specified therein, in which event the date or dates specified shall prevail.

(g) Not later than thirty days after the approval by the electors of any proposed charter, charter amendments or home rule ordinance amendments, the town or city clerk shall file, with the Secretary of the State, (1) three certified copies thereof, with the effective date or dates indicated thereon, and (2) in the case of the approval of charter or home rule ordinance amendments, three certified copies of the complete charter or ordinance incorporating such amendments. The Secretary of the State shall distribute two copies, whether tangible or intangible in form, to the State Library, where a file of such charters, charter amendments and home rule ordinance amendments shall be kept for public inspection.

See chapter 152 re holding of referenda.

Cited. 140 C. 517. Legislature intended procedure outlined in Home Rule Act to be a complete, self-contained method of amending charter of a city irrespective of any existing charter provision; Home Rule Act controls previously enacted special laws which are inconsistent with it; home rule, so far as it relates to charter changes, may be exercised only in accordance with provisions of general statutes. 150 C. 24. Amendment of charter of consolidated city of Norwich to change tax and other provisions concerning its districts pursuant to Secs. 7-188 through 7-194 held valid when challenged by action for declaratory judgment by resident taxpayer. 155 C. 573. Cited. 184 C. 30. Interpretation of statute not unconstitutional. 188 C. 276. Cited. 193 C. 1; 196 C. 623; 234 C. 513.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-442c — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 113 / Section 7-442c
Sec. 7-442c. Credit for prior service with redevelopment agency.
Status: in_force

See Sec. 7-427 re municipalities' participation in retirement fund.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-478e — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 113 / Section 7-478e
Sec. 7-478e. Mandatory binding arbitration for issues re observance of Martin Luther King Day. Panel of neutral arbitrators. Procedure. Criteria for decision. Apportionment of costs.
Status: in_force

(1) If the parties are unable to resolve the compensation or exchange of benefits issue pursuant to section 7-478d by June 30, 2000, the parties shall submit the issue to an arbitration panel for resolution through binding arbitration pursuant to this section not later than July 15, 2000.

(2) If neither the municipal employer nor the municipal employee organization has submitted the issue to an arbitration panel for resolution through binding arbitration pursuant to this section by July 15, 2000, said board shall notify the municipal employer and municipal employee organization that binding and final arbitration is now imposed on them, and the arbitration panel selected pursuant to this section shall resolve the issue through binding arbitration not later than September 30, 2000. Written notification of such imposition shall be sent by registered mail or certified mail, return receipt requested, to each party.

(3) Within two days of receipt of such notification, the chief executive officer of the municipal employer and the executive head of the municipal employee organization each shall select one member of the arbitration panel. Within two days of their appointment, the two members of the arbitration panel shall select a third member, who shall be an impartial representative of the interest of the public in general and who shall be selected from the panel of neutral arbitrators appointed pursuant to subsection (a) of section 7-473c . Such third member shall be the chairman of the panel. In the event the municipal employer or the municipal employee organization have not selected their respective members of the arbitration panel or the two members of the panel have not selected the third member, the State Board of Mediation and Arbitration shall appoint such members as are needed to complete the panel, provided (A) the member or members so appointed are residents of this state, and (B) the selection of the third member of the panel by the State Board of Mediation and Arbitration shall be made at random from among the members of the panel of neutral arbitrators appointed pursuant to subsection (a) of section 7-473c .

(4) The panel shall, within two days, by the call of its chairman, hold a hearing within the municipality involved. The chairman of the panel shall preside over such hearing. Any member of the panel shall have the power to take testimony, to administer oaths and to summon, by subpoena, any person whose testimony may be pertinent to the matters before said panel, together with any records or other documents relating to such matters. In the case of contumacy or refusal to obey a subpoena issued to any person, the Superior Court, upon application by the panel, shall have jurisdiction to order such person to appear before the panel to produce evidence or to give testimony touching the matter under investigation or in question, and any failure to obey such order may be punished by said court as a contempt thereof.

(5) The panel shall conclude the hearing within fifteen days after its commencement. Within ten days after the hearing, the panel shall issue, upon majority vote, and file with the State Board of Mediation and Arbitration its decision which shall immediately and simultaneously distribute a copy thereof to each party. In making its decision, the panel shall accept the last best offer of either of the parties. As part of the arbitration decision, each member shall state the specific reasons and standards in making a choice on each unresolved issue. In arriving at its decision, the panel shall be limited to the consideration of the criteria set forth in subdivision (2) of subsection (d) of section 7-473c . The decision of the panel shall be final and binding upon the municipal employer and the municipal employee organization except as provided in section 7-478f and, if such award is not rejected by the legislative body pursuant to section 7-478f , except that a motion to vacate or modify such decision may be made in accordance with sections 52-418 and 52-419 .

(6) In regard to all proceedings undertaken pursuant to this section the secretary of the State Board of Mediation and Arbitration shall serve as staff to the arbitration panel.

(7) The cost of the arbitration panel shall be distributed among the parties in the following manner: (A) The municipal employer shall pay the costs of the arbitrator appointed by it, (B) the municipal employee organization shall pay the costs of the arbitrator appointed by it, (C) the municipal employer and the municipal employee organization shall equally divide and pay the cost of the chairman, and (D) the costs of any arbitrator appointed by the State Board of Mediation and Arbitration shall be paid by the party in whose absence the board appointed.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-233e — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 101a / Section 7-233e
Sec. 7-233e. Powers.
Status: in_force

(b) A municipal electric energy cooperative created in the manner provided in this chapter shall constitute a public body corporate and politic, and in furtherance of its purpose of providing facilities for the generation and transmission of electric power such municipal electric energy cooperative shall be deemed to be exercising an essential governmental function and shall have the following powers, to wit:

(1) To adopt and have a common seal and to alter the same;

(2) To sue and be sued;

(3) To contract and be contracted with;

(4) To plan, acquire, construct, reconstruct, operate, maintain, repair, extend or improve one or more projects within or without the state; or to acquire any interest in or any right to capacity of such a project and to act as agent, or designate one or more of the other participants in such project to act as agent, for all the participants in such project in connection with the planning, acquisition, construction, reconstruction, operation, maintenance, repair, extension or improvement of such project;

(5) To investigate the desirability of and necessity for additional sources and supplies of electric power, and to make such studies, surveys and estimates as may be necessary to determine the feasibility and cost of any such additional sources and supplies of electric power;

(6) To cooperate with private electric utilities, member and nonmember municipal electric utilities and other public or private electric power entities, within and without the state, or with any person without the state, in the development of such sources and supplies of electric power;

(7) To procure from the United States of America or any agency or instrumentality thereof, or from any state or agency or instrumentality thereof, any consents, authorizations or approvals that may be requisite to enable any project within its powers to be carried forward;

(8) To do and perform any acts and things authorized by the act under, through or by means of its cooperative utility board, officers, agents or employees;

(9) To acquire, hold, use and dispose of its income, revenues, funds and moneys;

(10) To acquire, own, hire, use, operate and dispose of personal property;

(11) To acquire, own, use, lease, operate and dispose of real property and interests in real property, and to make improvements thereon;

(12) To grant the use, by lease or otherwise, and to make charges for the use, of any property or facility owned or controlled by it;

(13) To borrow money and to issue its negotiable bonds or notes, and to enter into any agreements with the purchasers or holders of such bonds or notes or with others for their benefit;

(14) Subject to any agreement with bondholders or noteholders, to invest moneys of the municipal cooperative not required for immediate use, including proceeds from the sale of any bonds or notes, in such obligations, securities and other investments as the cooperative utility board shall deem prudent and in accordance with the laws of the state regarding the investment of public moneys;

(15) To exercise the right of eminent domain, subject to the limitations contained herein;

(16) To fix and determine the location and character of, and all other matters in connection with, any and all projects it may be authorized to acquire, hold, establish, effectuate, operate or control;

(17) To contract with any electric utility, any member or nonmember municipal electric utility, any public or private electric power entity within or without the state, or any person without the state, for the sale, exchange or transmission of electric power or energy generated by any project, or any interest therein or any right to capacity thereof, on such terms and for such period of time as the cooperative utility board shall determine;

(18) To purchase, sell, exchange or transmit electric power and energy within and without the state, to any electric utility, any member or nonmember municipal electric utility or any other public or private electric power entity, or any person without the state; and to enter into agreements with respect to such purchase, sale, exchange, or transmission to any electric utility, any member or nonmember municipal electric utility or any other public or private electric power entity; as one means of implementing the power granted by this subdivision, a municipal electric energy cooperative, if its cooperative utility board shall so determine, may enter into or become a participant in the New England Power Pool or become a market participant pursuant to rules and procedures of the regional independent system operator, as defined in section 16-1 ; and to acquire, own, hold and dispose of stock or other ownership interests in, or evidences of indebtedness of, any corporation or business entity that constructs electric power generation or transmission facilities or generates, produces, transmits, purchases, sells or exchanges electric power and energy to, or insures the liabilities of, public or private electric power entities located within or without the state, provided the outstanding stock of such corporation is owned in whole or in part by such public or private electric power entities;

(19) To procure insurance against any losses in connection with its property, operations or assets in such amounts and from such insurers as the cooperative utility board deems desirable;

(20) To contract for and to accept any gifts or grants or loans of funds or property or financial or other aid in any form from the United States of America or any agency or instrumentality thereof, or from any other source, and to comply, subject to the provisions of this chapter, with the terms and conditions thereof;

(21) To mortgage, or otherwise hypothecate, any or all of its property or assets to secure the payment of its bonds, notes or other obligations;

(22) To submit to arbitration any disputes with others or among its members;

(23) To produce electric power by the use of cogeneration technology or renewable fuel resources, as defined in section 16-1 ;

(24) To contract for the purchase or exchange of electricity produced by a person using cogeneration technology or renewable fuel resources, as defined in section 16-1 , or for the sale or exchange of electricity produced by the municipal cooperative to such person, provided such purchase, sale or exchange is subject to the rates and conditions of service established in accordance with section 16-243a ;

(25) To provide in any agreement executed in connection with a project by or among a municipal cooperative and other participants in such project that, if one or more of such participants defaults in its obligations under such agreement including, without limitation, the payment of principal or interest on their indebtedness issued with respect to such project, the municipal cooperative and the other nondefaulting participants, if any, shall be required to pay such obligations, including the principal of and the interest on such indebtedness, for which the defaulting participant or participants were to have paid, upon such terms and conditions and with such limitations as the cooperative utility board may determine;

(26) To guarantee, in connection with any project, the punctual payment of the principal of and interest on the indebtedness or other contractual obligations of any of the participants in such project;

(27) (A) To enter into agreements with any entity to receive or procure the supply, or the prepayment of the supply, of natural gas for the sole benefit of its member, the City of Norwich Department of Public Utilities, a municipal gas utility, provided (i) such supply, or prepayment of supply, is consumed or used by said utility or by any retail customer of said utility entirely within the geographic boundaries of the city of Norwich or the town of Preston, and (ii) no part of such supply, or prepayment of supply, shall be consumed or used within or transported to any other municipality or utility, territory, land held in trust by the United States on behalf of a Native American tribe or land located within a Native American reservation or other jurisdiction;

(B) No power granted to a municipal cooperative pursuant to this subdivision shall be exercised so as to impair any existing right, power or privilege of any gas company, as defined in section 16-1 ;

(28) To exercise and perform all or part of its power and functions for the sole purpose of purchasing, selling, exchanging or transmitting electric power and energy on a wholesale basis, as provided in this chapter, through one or more wholly owned or partly owned corporations or other business entities; and

(29) To exercise all other powers not inconsistent with the state Constitution or the United States Constitution, which may be reasonably necessary or appropriate for or incidental to the effectuation of its authorized purposes or to the exercise of any of the foregoing powers, and generally to exercise in connection with its property and affairs, and in connection with property within its control, any and all powers that might be exercised by a natural person or a private corporation in connection with similar property and affairs.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-87 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 95 / Section 7-87
Sec. 7-87. Ineligibility for office.
Status: in_force

See Sec. 29-154c re prohibition against licensure of constable as private detective, watchman, security guard, etc.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-465 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 113 / Section 7-465
Sec. 7-465. Assumption of liability for damage caused by employee of municipality or member of local emergency planning district. Joint liability of municipalities in district department of health or regional council of governments.
Status: in_force

(b) Each town, city or borough which has joined with other towns, cities or boroughs to form a district department of health, pursuant to chapter 368f, or a regional council of governments, pursuant to section 4-124j , shall jointly assume the liability imposed upon any officer, agent or employee of such district department of health or such regional council of governments, acting in the performance of his duties and in the scope of his employment, under, and in the manner and in accordance with the procedures set forth in, subsection (a) of this section. Such joint assumption of liability shall be proportionately shared by the towns, cities and boroughs in such district or regional council of governments, on the same basis that the expenses of such district are shared as determined under section 19a-243 .

See Sec. 7-101a re indemnification of municipal officers and employees.

See Sec. 10-235 re indemnification of school personnel.

See Sec. 52-557n re liability of an employee, officer or agent of a political subdivision of the state.

A complaint brought under section should be in two counts, one alleging facts essential to legal liability of employee, and the other facts essential to legal liability of municipality under section; since interests of municipality and employee may be antagonistic, they should be represented by separate counsel. 148 C. 27. Municipality may not be held liable unless employee himself becomes obligated to pay for damages. 151 C. 402. Plaintiff who was injured by negligence of fellow employee who had a right to workmen's compensation before 1961 amendment became effective was not barred from bringing a common law action against his fellow employee. 152 C. 42. Cited. 159 C. 509; 167 C. 464, 471. Municipal employee has no cause of action against a fellow municipal employee to recover damages for an injury caused by the act of such fellow employee while both are engaged within the scope of their employment if such injured employee is covered by workmen's compensation unless the act causing such injury was willful or malicious. 169 C. 630. Cited. 173 C. 52; Id., 203; 178 C. 520; 187 C. 53; Id., 147; 189 C. 601. Statute does not cover infringement of civil rights cases where infringement by municipal employee is alleged to have occurred before effective date of statute covering such transactions. 190 C. 77. Cited. 191 C. 77; 204 C. 435; 209 C. 273; 218 C. 531; 219 C. 179; 221 C. 149; Id., 256; decision reconsidered and overruled, see 238 C. 653; 225 C. 177; Id., 217; 229 C. 716; Id., 829; 237 C. 501; 239 C. 708. Checking to see whether required zoning permits have been obtained and filed and inspections to determine whether a property conforms to regulations and codes are discretionary acts and municipal immunity attaches where no exception applies. 297 C. 297.

Cited. 4 CA 216; 12 CA 538; judgment reversed, see 209 C. 273; 16 CA 213; Id., 803; 18 CA 515; 20 CA 439; 24 CA 592; 28 CA 272; 30 CA 594; 31 CA 235; 32 CA 373; judgment reversed, see 229 C. 829; 36 CA 601; 37 CA 62; judgment reversed, see 237 C. 501; 38 CA 546. Statute does not apply to plaintiff's allegations of breach of contract, nuisance and violation of state constitution and various local statutes made directly against defendant borough. 53 CA 791. Although trial court improperly analyzed plaintiff's claims under Sec. 52-557n(a), which concerns claims brought directly against a municipality, rather than under the applicable municipal indemnification statute (Sec. 7-465), which provides that qualified municipal immunity does not apply to claims for indemnification for acts by municipal employees unless the acts are willful or wanton, she could not prevail on her claim that trial court improperly granted motion for a directed verdict because there is no recognized right to a claim for emotional distress resulting to a person from loss of a pet. 84 CA 395. Defendant's pleadings met standard for summary judgment; court properly granted defendant's motion for summary judgment on the ground of municipal immunity because plaintiffs brought suit under section without also suing a municipal employee or agent. 87 CA 353.

Cited. 19 CS 395; 21 CS 193. A broadside allegation of negligence on part of “agents and servants” of defendant, a town, was insufficient to bring an action within purview of statute; to make statute one of indemnification, applicable recovery must be had against specific employees of a town for specific acts covered by statute, and all statutory conditions, including notice, must be met. 22 CS 239. Plaintiff must allege and prove, as to both defendant employee and defendant municipality, due care or freedom from contributory negligence. 23 CS 130; Id., 133. Cited. Id., 152. Municipal employee is not relieved from consequences of his own negligence even though his employer may be exempt; furthermore, he is not indemnified under section unless complaint is drawn so as to invoke section; even if municipality is immune under section from liability for negligence, it may be liable in nuisance. Id., 158. Burden of alleging and proving contributory negligence remains with defendant employee as provided in Sec. 52-114; plaintiff not obliged to allege due care; because interests of municipality and employee may be antagonistic, each should be represented by independent counsel. Id., 228. Under former section, notice to employee and municipality was condition precedent to bringing action against both. 25 CS 70. Where plaintiff brought action under statute against local board of education to recover for injuries resulting from school bus accident, held action should have been brought under Sec. 13a-149; complaint under statute should be in two counts: The first, alleging the facts essential to the legal liability of the employee and the second, the facts essential to the legal liability of the municipality under the statute; in action under former statute, it may appear that interests of municipality and its employee are antagonistic and therefore they should be represented by independent counsel; to establish liability of municipality under statute, plaintiff must prove compliance with requirements as to demand and notice. Id., 302. In count directed against municipality, it is necessary to allege the conduct of the employee was not willful or wanton. Id., 339. History discussed. 26 CS 83. Sec. 52-114, establishing presumption of due care on part of injured person, is applicable to suit against town and its employee under this section. 28 CS 506. Statute was not intended to enlarge the liability of the municipality for the acts or omissions of its employees in courses of action in which they would not formerly have been liable; obligation of town employee, once established against him, shall be assumed by town; employee against whom action is brought is indemnified by town if cause arose while he was performing his duties and within the scope of employment. 29 CS 74. Validation by legislature of a late notice held valid although section cited was incorrect; legislative intent held to be to subject municipal employees and municipalities by way of indemnification for discretionary as well as ministerial acts performed within the scope of employment. 31 CS 442. City not liable for nonfeasance of its police officers where the duty owed is to the public as a whole rather than to the plaintiff individually. 32 CS 258. Written notice of intent to sue municipality and of time and place where alleged damages occurred must be filed with clerk of municipality within 6 months from date cause of action accrued. 33 CS 197. Cited. 39 CS 102; 41 CS 420; Id., 548; 42 CS 22. Town's liability is dependent on and derivative of finding of negligence on the part of municipal employee. 49 CS 15.

Subsec. (a):

Cited. 185 C. 616, 622, 623. Sec. 52-557n precludes joint action seeking damages against municipality and its officers under this section. 219 C. 179.

Cited. 3 CA 343; 30 CA 742. Except for indemnification actions, statute does not permit separate cause of action to be brought against a town, and in this case, plaintiff could not prevail on grounds that town failed to give timely notice of intent to represent both the municipality and employee. 85 CA 383.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-485 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 114 / Section 7-485
Sec. 7-485. Required municipal findings and determinations. Discretionary referendum.
Status: in_force

(b) Each resolution adopted pursuant to subsection (a) of this section may be submitted to the electors of the municipality for their approval. If the legislative body of a municipality votes to submit a resolution to the electors of the municipality, not later than fourteen days after the adoption of such resolution a copy of such resolution shall be published in a newspaper having a general circulation within the municipality in which such resolution was adopted together with a notice of the time that a referendum shall be held on the question of approval of such resolution. The question of approval of such resolution shall be submitted to the electors of such municipality at a special election called for such purpose to be held not less than thirty days, nor more than sixty days, after adoption of such resolution, in conformity with the provisions of section 9-369 or, if a regular municipal election is to be held more than sixty days, but not more than one hundred twenty days, after the adoption of such resolution, such question shall be so submitted at such regular election and a vote thereon shall be taken in the manner prescribed by said section 9-369 . If a majority of those voting in any such referendum vote to approve such resolution, such resolution shall thereupon become effective. If less than a majority of those voting in any such referendum vote to approve such resolution, it shall become null and void.

(c) Any resolution adopted pursuant to this section shall specify the period for which such resolution shall be effective, provided no such resolution shall be effective for a period in excess of five years from the effective date of such resolution. Upon the expiration of the effective period of any resolution adopted pursuant to this section: (1) Any indebtedness contracted, encumbrances made or commitments entered into by a municipality by resolution or contracts executed pursuant to resolution, including all proceedings related thereto, shall be valid and binding in accordance with their terms respectively and shall be of full force and effect if incurred, adopted or executed respectively during the period in which such resolution referred to in this section is effective and the municipality shall have all powers herein conferred with respect thereto notwithstanding the expiration of such period; and (2) the municipality which adopted such resolution shall not be authorized to exercise any powers created by this chapter, provided any such municipality shall be authorized to continue to exercise all powers created by this chapter in regard to any development property in regard to which any contract or lease has been previously entered into by such municipality with a sponsor or in regard to which any bonds or notes have been issued by such municipality.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-250 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 103 / Section 7-250
Sec. 7-250. Public hearing. Appeal.
Status: in_force

(b) Any municipality may, by ordinance, authorize the board of assessment appeals established pursuant to section 9-199 to hear appeals of assessments made under this section. Any such appeal shall be taken not later than the date twenty-one days after the date on which the assessment was filed. The ordinance shall provide the process by which such appeal shall be filed, heard and decided. Any person aggrieved by a decision of the board of assessment appeals may appeal to the Superior Court not later than the date twenty-one days after the date of the decision of the board of assessment appeals in accordance with the provisions of subsection (a) of this section.

Section is the exclusive remedy available to a person aggrieved by an assessment of benefits levied for construction of municipal sewerage systems. 168 C. 514. Cited. 176 C. 497. Case brought under section is trial de novo. 179 C. 342. Cited. 190 C. 158; 192 C. 638; 195 C. 682; 213 C. 112; 216 C. 436; 231 C. 344; 236 C. 701.

Cited. 17 CA 166; 18 CA 508; 26 CA 540.

Cited. 43 CS 91.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-460 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 113 / Section 7-460
Sec. 7-460. Compensation of officials and employees.
Status: in_force

Cited. 147 C. 401; 179 C. 140; 201 C. 377.

Salary increase for tax collector, voted by common council, held invalid because approval of board of finance and taxation was not secured. 25 CS 227. Cited. 40 CS 539.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-472 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 113 / Section 7-472
Sec. 7-472. Mediation by State Board of Mediation and Arbitration.
Status: in_force

(b) Nothing in this section is intended to prevent the use of other arbitration tribunals in the resolution of disputes over the interpretation or application of the terms of written agreements between municipal employers and employee organizations.

Cited. 159 C. 49; 171 C. 347; Id., 353; Id., 553, 564. State Board of Mediation and Arbitration may not arbitrate grievances except as they apply to disputes over interpretation or application of terms of a written agreement, or, by agreement, in cases of impasse in contract negotiations. Id., 613. Cited. 175 C. 349. Standing to test constitutionality of binding arbitration provisions of Municipal Employees Relations Act discussed. 181 C. 421. Cited. 182 C. 93; 185 C. 88; 196 C. 192; 200 C. 38; 201 C. 577; 204 C. 746; 205 C. 116; 210 C. 549; 212 C. 294; 215 C. 14; 217 C. 110; 221 C. 244; 225 C. 297; 234 C. 123.

Cited. 3 CA 1; 16 CA 232; 33 CA 541.

A public announcement of plaintiff's intention to file a prohibited practice complaint against a union is protected by the Municipal Employees Relations Act when the complaint is actually filed at a later date. 31 CS 7. Cited. 42 CS 227; 43 CS 470.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-406n — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 112a / Section 7-406n
Sec. 7-406n. Municipal pension solvency account. Municipal pension solvency loan program.
Status: in_force

(b) Within the municipal pension solvency account, there shall be two subaccounts: (1) A state bond receipts subaccount into which shall be deposited the proceeds of notes, bonds or other obligations issued by the state for the purpose of deposit in said account, and (2) an additional moneys receipts subaccount into which shall be deposited any additional moneys made available from any sources, public or private, for the purposes for which said account was established and for the purpose of deposit in such subaccount. Moneys in each subaccount created under this subsection may be expended by the Treasurer for any of the purposes of the municipal pension solvency account and investment earnings of a subaccount shall be deposited in such subaccount.

(c) In addition to the subaccounts established in subsection (b) of this section, the Treasurer may establish such additional subaccounts within the municipal pension solvency account as necessary to effectuate the purposes of this section and section 7-406o , including, but not limited to, subaccounts (1) to segregate a portion or portions of the corpus of the account or as security for revenue bonds issued by the state for deposit in the account, (2) to segregate investment earnings on all or a portion of the account, or (3) to segregate moneys in the account that have previously been expended for the benefit of a loan recipient from moneys that are initial deposits in the account.

(d) Any moneys held by the Treasurer or by a trustee pursuant to an indenture of trust with respect to municipal pension solvency account bonds including pledged revenues, other pledged receipts, funds or moneys and proceeds from the sale of such municipal pension solvency account bonds, may, pending the use or application of such proceeds for an authorized purpose, be (1) invested and reinvested in such obligations, securities and investments as are set forth in subsection (f) of section 3-20 and in participation certificates in the Short Term Investment Funds created under sections 3-27a and 3-27f , or (2) deposited or redeposited in such bank or banks as shall be provided in the proceedings authorizing the issuance of municipal pension solvency account bonds. Unless the proceedings provide otherwise, proceeds from investments authorized by this subsection, less amounts required under the proceedings for the payment of municipal pension solvency loan costs relating to such municipal pension solvency account bonds, shall be credited to the municipal pension solvency account.

(e) Investment earnings credited to the assets of the municipal pension solvency account and to any subaccount of said account shall become part of the assets of said account and such subaccount.

(f) (1) Amounts in the municipal pension solvency account shall be available to the Treasurer to establish a loan program to provide loans to any municipality to fund such municipality's employee pension fund. Amounts in the municipal pension solvency account shall be used only: (A) To make loans to municipalities at an interest rate to be established pursuant to subdivision (2) of this subsection, provided such loans shall not exceed a term of twenty years and shall have principal and interest payments commencing not later than one year after the date of issuance of the loan, (B) for the payment of costs for administration and management of the municipal pension solvency account, (C) to be invested and earn interest on moneys in said account, (D) provided such amounts are not required for the purposes of said account, to pay debt service on bonds of the state issued to fund the municipal pension solvency account, or for the purchase or redemption of such bonds, and (E) for any other purpose of the municipal pension solvency account and the loan program.

(2) The interest rate on each municipal pension solvency loan shall be the same as the interest rate paid by the state on the bonds, notes or obligations issued by the state to finance such loan. Notwithstanding this interest rate provision, the payment due under the municipal pension solvency account agreement may include amounts determined by the Treasurer to include the funding of issuance costs, required reserves, carrying costs of reserves, interest penalties for late payments and other administrative costs associated with the loan and the loan program.

(g) (1) The secretary and the Treasurer shall maintain a priority list of eligible municipalities and shall establish a ranking system for making municipal pension solvency loans to municipalities. In establishing such priority list and ranking system, the secretary and the Treasurer shall consider all factors said secretary and Treasurer deem relevant, including, but not limited to, the following:

(A) The amount of a municipality's unfunded pension liability;

(B) A municipality's ability to eliminate, or substantially eliminate, its unfunded pension liability by taking a municipal pension solvency loan under the loan program;

(C) The state's interest in assisting the maximum number of communities with the funds available under the loan program; and

(D) The financial management factors that caused the municipality's unfunded pension liability and the likelihood such practices will continue in the future.

(2) Municipal pension solvency loans shall be made pursuant to a municipal pension solvency account agreement between the state, acting by and through the Treasurer, and the municipality seeking such loan. A municipal pension solvency account agreement shall be in a form prescribed by the Treasurer and the secretary and shall contain penalty provisions for municipalities that fail to repay the loan in a timely manner or make contributions to their pension funds as required under such agreement. The agreement may include, but is not limited to, the requirement for a general obligation pledge from the municipality, a tax revenue intercept of the municipality, the required funding of reserve funds or any such other credit enhancement deemed necessary by the Treasurer and the secretary. Such agreement shall also include provisions for repayment of the costs associated with administering the loan program and the loan.

(3) Any municipality may apply to the state for a municipal pension solvency loan to fund all or a portion of an unfunded past benefit obligation, as determined by an actuarial valuation, and the payment of costs related to the issuance of such bonds in accordance with the following requirements:

(A) The municipality shall, within the time and in the manner prescribed by regulations adopted by the Treasurer and the secretary, or as otherwise required by the Treasurer and the secretary, include with such application (i) the actuarial valuation, (ii) an actuarial analysis of the method by which the municipality proposes to fund any unfunded past benefit obligation not to be defrayed by the municipal pension solvency loan, (iii) an explanation of the municipality's investment strategic plan for the pension fund, including, but not limited to, an asset allocation plan, (iv) a three-year financial plan, including the major assumptions and plan of finance for such municipal pension solvency loan, (v) a comparison of the anticipated effects of funding the unfunded past benefit obligation with the municipal pension solvency loan with the funding of the obligation through the annual actuarially recommended contribution, prepared in the manner prescribed by the secretary, and in accordance with subparagraph (D) of this subdivision, (vi) documentation of the municipality's authorization to apply for a municipal pension solvency loan, including a certified copy of the resolution or ordinance of the municipality authorizing the application for a municipal pension solvency loan, (vii) documentation that the municipality has adopted an ordinance, or with respect to a municipality not having the authority to make ordinances, has adopted a resolution by a two-thirds vote of the members of its legislative body, requiring the municipality to appropriate funds in an amount sufficient to meet the actuarially recommended contribution and contribute such amounts to the plan as required in subdivision (3) of subsection (c) of this section, (viii) the methodology used and actuarial assumptions that will be utilized to calculate the actuarially recommended contribution, and (ix) such other information and documentation as required by the secretary or the Treasurer to carry out the provisions of this section. The secretary and the Treasurer may hire an independent actuary or such other professionals required to review the information submitted by the municipality.

(B) As long as the municipal pension solvency loan is outstanding, the municipality shall, for each fiscal year of the municipality, commencing with the fiscal year in which the loan is made, appropriate funds in an amount sufficient to meet the actuarially recommended contribution and contribute such amount to the plan, and notify the secretary annually, who shall subsequently notify the Treasurer, of the amount or the rate of any such actuarially recommended contribution and the amount or the rate, if any, of the actual annual contribution by the municipality to the pension fund to meet such actuarially recommended contribution. The municipality shall provide the secretary and the Treasurer annually with: (i) The actuarial valuation of the pension fund, (ii) a specific identification, in a format to be determined by the secretary, of any changes that have been made in the actuarial assumptions or methods compared to the previous actuarial valuation of the pension fund, (iii) the footnote disclosure and required supplementary information disclosure required by GASB Statement Number 27 with respect to the pension fund, and (iv) a review of the investments of the pension fund including a statement of the current asset allocation and an analysis of performance by asset class. In any fiscal year for which such municipality fails to appropriate sufficient funds to meet the actuarially recommended contribution in accordance with the provisions of this subdivision, an amount sufficient to meet such requirement shall be deemed appropriated, notwithstanding the provisions of any other general statute or of any special act, charter, special act charter, home-rule ordinance, local ordinance or local law.

(C) Proceeds of the municipal pension solvency loan, to the extent not applied to the payment of costs related to the issuance of such loan, shall be deposited in the pension fund of the municipality to fund the unfunded past benefit obligation for which the loan was issued and may be invested in accordance with the terms of said pension fund.

(D) The amortization schedule used to determine the actuarially recommended contribution shall be fixed and shall have a term not to exceed the longer of (i) ten years, or (ii) twenty years from the date of issuance of the municipal pension solvency loan. If the funding ratio of the pension fund, as determined immediately succeeding the deposit of the proceeds of the loan into such pension fund, is reduced by thirty per cent or more, the maximum permitted term of such amortization schedule shall be reduced by the same percentage.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-233c — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 101a / Section 7-233c
Sec. 7-233c. Municipal electric energy cooperative membership. Board representatives, appointment, term, removal. Officers. Meetings. Staff. Apportionment of expenses.
Status: in_force

(b) After the creation of a municipal electric energy cooperative under subsection (a) of this section, any other municipal electric utility may become a member of the municipal electric energy cooperative if (1) the municipal electric utility files with the municipal electric energy cooperative (A) a resolution, duly adopted by its governing body, requesting membership in such cooperative, and (B) a certified copy of the proper proceedings, duly adopted by the municipality represented by the municipal electric utility, consenting and agreeing to such membership, and (2) after the municipal electric energy cooperative receives such filing, the governing bodies of at least two-thirds of the municipal electric utilities comprising the membership of the municipal electric energy cooperative at the time of such filing duly adopt a resolution approving membership of such municipal electric utility in the municipal electric energy cooperative. After the filing of certified copies of all such resolutions with the Secretary of the State pursuant to subsection (b) of section 7-233d , the governing body of the municipal electric utility being added to the municipal electric energy cooperative and the municipality in which such municipal electric utility operates shall appoint representatives to the cooperative utility board of the municipal electric energy cooperative. The number of such appointed representatives shall be the same as the number mutually agreed upon by the other members of the municipal electric energy cooperative pursuant to subsection (a) of this section. The provisions of said subsection (a) concerning the qualification, compensation and terms of office of, and reimbursement of travel expenses for, representatives appointed by the existing member municipal electric utilities and the legislative bodies of the municipalities in which such member municipal electric utilities operate shall apply to representatives of such municipal electric utility.

(c) A municipal electric utility that is a member of a municipal electric energy cooperative may withdraw from the municipal electric energy cooperative if: (1) Such withdrawing municipal electric utility continues to fully perform all of its obligations under any contract it has with the municipal electric energy cooperative or provides sufficient funds in trust for the benefit of the municipal electric energy cooperative to satisfy such obligations, (2) the withdrawing municipal electric utility files with the municipal electric energy cooperative a resolution, duly adopted by its governing body, approving the withdrawal, and such resolution is filed with the Secretary of the State in the same manner as provided in subsection (c) of section 7-233d , and (3) the municipality in which the withdrawing municipal electric utility operates does not disapprove of such withdrawal, by vote of the municipality's legislative body, within thirty days after the adoption of such a resolution.

(d) (1) Upon appointment of its representatives by the member municipal electric utilities and legislative bodies of the municipalities in which such member municipal electric utilities operate, the cooperative utility board shall organize, select its chairman and vice-chairman from among said board and proceed to consider those matters which have been recommended to it by the several members of the municipal electric energy cooperative.

(2) The cooperative utility board may hold such meetings and public hearings as it deems desirable and the powers of the municipal electric energy cooperative shall be vested in the representatives thereof in office from time to time. The cooperative utility board shall hold any such meetings and public hearings in the state. The municipal electric energy cooperative shall post on its Internet web site and provide to participants notice of and the agenda for each meeting and public hearing, and any changes made thereto, not later than five days before such meeting or public hearing. Each participant shall post on its Internet web site and provide to the municipality in which it operates such notice, agenda and changes not later than four days before such meeting or public hearing. Each such municipality shall post on its Internet web site such notice, agenda and changes not later than three days before such meeting or public hearing.

(3) A majority of the entire authorized number of representatives of the municipal electric energy cooperative shall constitute a quorum at any meeting thereof. Action may be taken, motions voted and resolutions adopted by the municipal electric energy cooperative at any meeting of the cooperative utility board by vote of a majority of the representatives present, unless in any case the bylaws of a municipal electric energy cooperative or an amendment to such bylaws shall require a larger number for adoption or any representative of the cooperative utility board requests that the vote be based on megawatt-hour purchases. If such a request is made, (A) each representative shall have a number of votes equal to the total number of megawatt-hours purchased from the municipal electric energy cooperative during the preceding completed calendar year by the member municipal electric utility which appointed such representative or which operates in the municipality whose legislative body appointed such representative, provided, if the municipal electric energy cooperative includes a new member municipal electric utility which purchased part or all of its power and energy from a supplier or suppliers other than the municipal electric energy cooperative during such year, each representative appointed by such new member municipal electric utility or the legislative body of the municipality in which such new member municipal electric utility operates shall have a number of votes equal to the total megawatt-hours purchased by such new member from such other suppliers during such year plus the total number of megawatt-hours purchased from the municipal electric energy cooperative during such year, and (B) any action, motion or resolution taken, voted or adopted by the municipal electric energy cooperative at such meeting shall be by a favorable vote of sixty-seven per cent or more of the total of such votes of the representatives who are present at the meeting and who vote, provided at least a majority of the members of the municipal electric energy cooperative approves such action, motion or resolution. Notwithstanding any provision of this subsection or of subsection (g) of this section to the contrary, a unanimous vote of all of the representatives of the municipal electric energy cooperative shall be required before said municipal electric energy cooperative can exercise the power of condemnation or eminent domain provided in this chapter.

(4) The municipal electric energy cooperative shall post on its Internet web site and provide to participants the minutes of such meeting or public hearing, including any actions taken, motions voted and resolutions adopted, not later than five days after such meeting or public hearing described in subdivision (2) of this subsection. Each participant shall post on its Internet web site and provide to the municipality in which it operates such minutes not later than six days after such meeting or public hearing. Each municipality shall post such minutes on its Internet web site not later than seven days after such meeting or public hearing.

(5) The cooperative utility board may appoint and employ a chief executive officer, a treasurer, a secretary, a general counsel and such officers, advisors, consultants and other agents and employees as it may deem necessary, and the cooperative utility board shall determine their qualifications, terms of office, duties and compensation.

(e) Organizational expenses incurred by a municipal electric energy cooperative shall be paid ratably by each member in the same proportion as the population or area of operation serviced by each such member bears to the total population or area of operation serviced by all members or by such other method as determined to be fair and equitable by the cooperative utility board. Such payments shall be made by each member whether or not that member utilizes the electric power or energy made available or furnished to such member.

(f) Each representative of a municipal electric energy cooperative shall hold office for the term for which he was appointed and until his successor has been appointed and has qualified. A representative of a municipal electric energy cooperative may be removed only by the cooperative utility board for inefficiency or neglect of duty or misconduct in office and after he shall have been given a copy of the charges against him and, not sooner than ten days thereafter, had opportunity in person or by counsel to be heard thereon by such governing body. A member municipal electric utility may remove one or more of the representatives that it appointed with or without cause at any time. The legislative body of a municipality may remove the representative that it appointed with or without cause at any time.

(g) A municipal electric energy cooperative may adopt, on a prospective basis, methods of voting for all or specifically designated matters. Any such methods shall be specified in the bylaws of a municipal electric energy cooperative or in an amendment to such bylaws unanimously adopted by the members of the municipal electric energy cooperative. A municipal electric energy cooperative may distinguish the voting rights of its members based on whether a member is a full requirements customer or a partial requirements customer of the municipal electric energy cooperative or based on the term of the contractual obligations for power and transmission supply each member incurs with respect to the municipal electric energy cooperative, provided any such distinctions shall treat similarly situated members in a comparable and nondiscriminatory manner. For purposes of this subsection, “full requirements customer” means a wholesale purchaser of electric power or transmission services whose electric energy supplier is the sole source of long-term firm power, and “partial requirements customer” means a wholesale purchaser of electric power or transmission services that directly owns or operates generating or transmission assets that are insufficient to carry all of such purchaser's electric load and whose electric energy supplier is a supplemental source of long-term firm power.

(h) A municipal electric energy cooperative shall cause a forensic examination to be conducted by a certified forensic auditor which shall include a review of the revenue and expenditures of a municipal electric energy cooperative for the preceding five years. The auditor shall submit a report that includes a review of whether such municipal electric energy cooperative's operating procedures conform with the provisions of chapter 101a and the bylaws of the municipal electric energy cooperative, and any recommendations for any corrective actions needed to ensure such conformance. The auditor shall not be required to perform a full financial audit of the five-year period or submit an opinion regarding the financial statements or a management letter. The municipal electric energy cooperative shall post on its Internet web site and provide to participants such reports not later than seven days after such reports are received by the municipal electric energy cooperative. Each participant shall post on its Internet web site and provide to the municipality in which it operates such reports not later than five days after such reports are received from the municipal electric energy cooperative. Each such municipality shall post on its Internet web site such reports not later than five days after such reports are received from the participant.

(i) A municipal electric energy cooperative shall annually provide the following, in accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a , to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to energy: (1) A list of the current members and officers of the cooperative utility board described in subsection (d) of this section; (2) a copy of the most recent annual report of the municipal electric energy cooperative; (3) a copy of the most recent audited financial statements, management letter and reports of the municipal electric energy cooperative that are required under subsection (h) of this section; (4) a copy of any conflicts of interest policy of the municipal electric energy cooperative; (5) a copy of the municipal electric energy cooperative's most recently filed Internal Revenue Service form 990, including all parts and schedules that are required to be made available for public inspection under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or any subsequent corresponding internal revenue code of the United States, as amended from time to time; (6) a copy of the bylaws of the municipal electric energy cooperative; and (7) as to any employee of the municipal electric energy cooperative, a report listing the position of each employee and the amount of the salary, wages and fringe benefit expenses paid to each such employee.

(j) If a municipal electric energy cooperative holds a strategic retreat or similar activity, it shall hold such retreat or activity in the state. The cooperative utility board shall approve, at a meeting, such retreat or activity, including the location, the purpose, planned attendees, any entertainment and any gifts of value. Such retreat or activity shall include meetings to conduct business and the municipal electric energy cooperative shall provide to the cooperative utility board, not later than five days after such retreat or activity, an agenda, a list of attendees and the meeting minutes. Such retreat or activity shall not include any entertainment or gifts of value other than that approved by the cooperative utility board.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-42 — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 93 / Section 7-42
Sec. 7-42. Duties.
Status: in_force

See Sec. 7-148 re municipal powers.

See Sec. 11-8(b) re appointment of Public Records Administrator.

See Sec. 46b-28 re validity of marriages celebrated in foreign country.

See Secs. 54-240f and 54-240k re confidentiality of marriage records of participant in address confidentiality program.

History of office; copies of records admissible. 74 C. 717; 98 C. 543. Commissioner may amend parental information contained on birth certificates only when there is an error or omission in such information. 253 C. 570.

Registrar may not make a new recording but merely correct an old one. 9 CS 297.

Cited. 4 Conn. Cir. Ct. 487.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-147e — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 97a / Section 7-147e
Sec. 7-147e. Application for certificate. Hearing. Approval.
Status: in_force

(b) Unless otherwise provided by ordinance, a majority of the members of the commission shall constitute a quorum and the concurring vote of a majority of the members of the commission shall be necessary to issue a certificate of appropriateness. Within not more than sixty-five days after the filing of an application as required by section 7-147d , the commission shall pass upon such application and shall give written notice of its decision to the applicant. When a certificate of appropriateness is denied, the commission shall place upon its records and in the notice to the applicant the reasons for its determination, which shall include the bases for its conclusion that the proposed activity would not be appropriate. In the notice to the applicant the commission may make recommendations relative to design, arrangement, texture, material and similar features. The commission may issue a certificate of appropriateness with stipulations. Evidence of approval, as referred to in section 7-147d , shall be by certificate of appropriateness issued by the commission. Failure of the commission to act within said sixty-five days shall constitute approval and no other evidence of approval shall be needed.

Cited. 153 C. 160; 171 C. 199; 189 C. 727; 196 C. 596.

Subsec. (a):

Failure to republish notice of continuance of a hearing in newspaper did not violate Subsec. 49 CS 498.

Subsec. (b):

In appeal from a decision by historic district commission, reviewing courts are limited to determining whether reason or reasons stated by commission are supported by substantial evidence in the record. 285 C. 755.

Although commission mailed notice of denial of the application to applicant 68 days after filing of the application, applicant was not entitled to automatic approval of the application on that basis since commission had acted within 65 days after filing of the application and applicant had actual notice of the commission's decision. 108 CA 682.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-378f — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 109 / Section 7-378f
Sec. 7-378f. Renewal of temporary notes to finance sewers in town without an operating system connected to treatment plant.
Status: in_force

See Secs. 7-378 to 7-378c, inclusive, re issuance of temporary notes.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-433b — Connecticut Code / Title 7 / Chapter 113 / Section 7-433b
Sec. 7-433b. Survivors' benefits for firemen and policemen. Maximum cumulative payment.
Status: in_force

(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of any general statute, charter or special act to the contrary affecting the noncontributory or contributory retirement systems of any municipality of the state, or any special act providing for a police or firemen benefit fund or other retirement system, the cumulative payments, not including payments for medical care, for compensation and retirement or survivors benefits under section 7-433c shall be adjusted so that the total of such cumulative payments received by such member or his dependents or survivors shall not exceed one hundred per cent of the weekly compensation being paid, during their compensable period, to members of such department in the same position which was held by such member at the time of his death or retirement. Nothing contained in this subsection shall prevent any town, city or borough from paying money from its general fund to any such member or his dependents or survivors, provided the total of such cumulative payments shall not exceed said one hundred per cent of the weekly compensation.

See Sec. 7-323a et seq. re Policemen and Firemen Survivors' Benefit Fund.

Cited. 177 C. 456; 194 C. 139; 204 C. 563; 208 C. 576; 214 C. 189; 224 C. 441.

Cited. 2 CA 255; 12 CA 138; 26 CA 194.

Subsec. (b):

Cited. 214 C. 181. Ceiling imposed on award of benefits applies at time of retirement. Id., 189. “Weekly compensation” includes overtime as well as base salary. Id., 552. “Ceiling” on benefits applies to total payments composed of heart and hypertension disability payments and retirement pension payments not related to Sec. 7-433c. 243 C. 747.

Interpretation of the statute focuses on amount of compensation that recipient would have received if he continued working. 12 CA 138. Cited. 26 CA 194. Section not applicable where pension was not awarded under Sec. 7-433c but was a regular pension for long years of service. 43 CA 773. It is inconsistent with plain meaning of statute to treat lump-sum payment pursuant to commutation award to be a weekly payment and it should not be considered in calculations concerning weekly statutory cap, thus statute's plain objective is to limit cumulative effect of several weekly benefits, not prohibit onetime commutation award. 208 CA 615.