Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-10a — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 277 / Section 16-10a
Sec. 16-10a. Revocation of franchises. Procedure. Reassignment.
Status: in_force

(b) The Public Utilities Regulatory Authority, on its own initiative or upon complaint of any town, city, borough, district or other political subdivision of the state, in which a public service company, other than a community antenna television company, having five thousand or fewer customers, or a water company provides service, or on petition of either fifty per cent of the residents of such a town, city, borough, district or other political subdivision, or of five hundred customers of such company in any such town, city, borough, district or other political subdivision, may conduct a hearing, after giving notice thereof to all interested parties, to determine whether the rates that have been charged by such company for a period of five consecutive years immediately preceding the date of such hearing are so excessive in comparison to the rates charged by other public service companies providing the same or similar service as to inhibit the economic development of the area in which such company is authorized to furnish service or impose an unreasonable cost on the customers of such company. In making such determination, the authority may conduct such further investigation as it deems necessary and may consider whether such rates, if excessive, are the result of such factors as the overall size, stability and financial condition of such company, the organization, including technical and managerial expertise and efficiency, of such company and the physical condition and capacity of such company's plant. If the authority finds that such company is unable or unwilling to provide service at a reasonable cost to its customers, as determined by the authority, it may (1) make such order as may be necessary to provide such service, or (2) revoke the franchise held by such company. The authority shall adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, to implement the provisions of this subsection.

(c) If any such franchise is revoked, the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority, when the General Assembly is not in session, may grant a franchise to any person, firm or corporation, incorporated under the general statutes or any special act, qualified and prepared to provide such services within a reasonable time, as determined by said authority provided the authority first finds there is an immediate need for such a franchise after a public hearing in the area to be served thereunder. Such hearing shall be advertised at least twice prior thereto in a newspaper having a general circulation in each town of the area to be serviced by such franchise, once at least three days before said hearing, once at least fifteen days before said hearing, both advertisements to be at least ten days apart. Such franchise shall carry the same authority and powers and shall be subject to the same conditions and restrictions, if any, as the original franchise.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16a-3g — Connecticut Code / Title 16a / Chapter 295 / Section 16a-3g
Sec. 16a-3g. Solicitation re Class I renewable energy sources or large-scale hydropower.
Status: in_force

*Note: Section 129 of public act 11-80 is special in nature and therefore has not been codified but remains in full force and effect according to its terms.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16a-4b — Connecticut Code / Title 16a / Chapter 295 / Section 16a-4b
Sec. 16a-4b. Municipalities may petition for redesignation of planning region. Procedure.
Status: in_force

See chapter 127 re regional council of governments.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16a-51 — Connecticut Code / Title 16a / Chapter 298 / Section 16a-51
Sec. 16a-51. Pilot program for large combined heat and power systems re demand charges. System performance and supplemental utility data. Report. Aggregation of electric meters.
Status: in_force

(b) The Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection shall establish a pilot program to promote large combined heat and power systems by mitigating the economic disincentives for such systems created by the existing demand charge tariffs of the electric distribution companies.

(c) On or after July 8, 2013, the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection shall solicit applications from qualifying projects and shall select such projects for participation in the pilot program on a first-come, first-served basis. The commissioner shall select as many qualifying projects as is deemed appropriate, in the commissioner's discretion, up to a maximum of twenty megawatts of nameplate capacity for the entire pilot program. Qualifying projects selected for participation in the pilot program shall become operational within one year of such selection or that capacity shall be offered to at least one other qualifying project that participated in the solicitation. Qualifying projects selected pursuant to this subsection shall be eligible to continue the terms of the pilot program for a period of ten years from the time the project is placed into service.

(d) A qualifying project selected to participate in the pilot program shall not be required to pay the demand charges pursuant to the distribution demand-ratchet provision of firm service due to an outage of service of such project. If a qualifying project that participates in the pilot program has an outage of service, the only demand charge that shall be assessed by an electric distribution company shall be based on daily demand pricing prorated from standard monthly rates, provided, however, that if the outage of service lasts for less than three hours, no demand charge shall be assessed by an electric distribution company.

(e) Any qualifying project that participates in the pilot program shall provide to the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority and the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection all system performance and supplemental utility data that the authority shall, in its reasonable discretion, deem to be appropriate for measuring the performance of the pilot program. Such data shall consist of (1) net electrical production from the qualifying project, measured in kilowatt-hours per fifteen minute interval, (2) net thermal production from the qualifying project, measured in million BTU per fifteen minute interval, (3) fuel consumed by the qualifying facility, measured in million BTU per fifteen minute interval, (4) supplemental electricity received from the electric distribution company, measured in kilowatt-hours and average kilovolt-ampere per fifteen minute interval, (5) each downtime of the qualifying project, including the time of day of the downtime, the duration of the downtime and the reasons therefor, and (6) other such data as the authority deems appropriate. Such data shall be provided on a form approved by the authority.

(f) The authority shall, with the system performance and supplemental utility data received pursuant to subsection (e) of this section, analyze (1) the system performance of the qualifying projects, (2) the as-used daily demand charge versus standard distributed generation rider demand charges, and (3) the viability of conforming all distributed generation combined heat and power systems to an as-used daily time of use demand tariff.

(g) After the authority and commissioner have received the system performance and supplemental utility data pursuant to subsection (e) of this section for a period of three years, the commissioner shall, within ninety days, submit a report, in accordance with section 11-4a , to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to energy, recommending whether to continue, expand, modify or eliminate the pilot program.

(h) Any electric customer of an electric distribution company, as defined in section 16-1 , with a qualifying project that participates in the pilot program shall be allowed to aggregate all electric meters that are (1) on the same premises as such qualifying project, and (2) billable to such customer.

*Note: Section 103 of public act 11-80 is special in nature and therefore has not been codified but remains in full force and effect according to its terms.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-262c — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-262c
Sec. 16-262c. Termination of utility service for nonpayment, when prohibited. Amortization agreements. Deduction of arrearages from gas or electric residential customer accounts. Hardship cases. Notice. Regulations. Annual reports. Funds distributed to organizations or individuals providing legal services re utility bill or arrearage payment programs. Privacy of individual customer utility usage and billing information.
Status: in_force

(b) (1) From November first to May first, inclusive, no electric distribution company, as defined in section 16-1 , no electric supplier and no municipal utility furnishing electricity shall terminate, deny or refuse to reinstate residential electric service in hardship cases where the customer lacks the financial resources to pay his or her entire account. From November first to May first, inclusive, no gas company and no municipal utility furnishing gas shall terminate, deny or refuse to reinstate residential gas service in hardship cases where the customer uses such gas for heat and lacks the financial resources to pay his or her entire account, except a gas company that, between May second and October thirty-first, terminated gas service to a residential customer who uses gas for heat and who, during the previous period of November first to May first, had gas service maintained because of hardship status, may refuse to reinstate the gas service from November first to May first, inclusive, only if the customer has failed to pay, since the preceding November first, the lesser of: (A) Twenty per cent of the outstanding principal balance owed the gas company as of the date of termination, (B) one hundred dollars, or (C) the minimum payments due under the customer's amortization agreement. Notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes, no electric distribution or gas company, no electric supplier and no municipal utility furnishing electricity or gas shall terminate, deny or refuse to reinstate residential electric or gas service where the customer lacks the financial resources to pay his or her entire account and if the termination, denial of or failure to reinstate such service would create a life-threatening situation for such customer or a member of such customer's household. No electric distribution or gas company, no electric supplier and no municipal utility furnishing electricity or gas shall terminate, deny or refuse to reinstate residential electric or gas service where the customer is a hardship case and lacks the financial resources to pay his or her entire account and a child not more than twenty-four months old resides in the customer's household and such child has been admitted to the hospital and received discharge papers on which the attending physician, physician assistant or an advanced practice registered nurse has indicated such service is a necessity for the health and well-being of such child.

(2) During any period in which a residential customer is subject to termination, an electric distribution or gas company, an electric supplier or a municipal utility furnishing electricity or gas shall provide such residential customer whose account is delinquent an opportunity to enter into a reasonable amortization agreement with such company, electric supplier or utility to pay such delinquent account and to avoid termination of service. Such amortization agreement shall allow such customer adequate opportunity to apply for and receive the benefits of any available energy assistance program. An amortization agreement shall be subject to amendment on customer request if there is a change in the customer's financial circumstances.

(3) As used in this section, (A) “household income” means the combined income over a twelve-month period of the customer and all adults, except children of the customer, who are and have been members of the household for six months or more, and (B) “hardship case” includes, but is not limited to: (i) A customer receiving local, state or federal public assistance; (ii) a customer whose sole source of financial support is Social Security, United States Department of Veterans Affairs or unemployment compensation benefits; (iii) a customer who is head of the household and is unemployed, and the household income is less than three hundred per cent of the poverty level determined by the federal government; (iv) a customer who is seriously ill or who has a household member who is seriously ill; (v) a customer whose income falls below one hundred twenty-five per cent of the poverty level determined by the federal government; and (vi) a customer whose circumstances threaten a deprivation of food and the necessities of life for himself or dependent children if payment of a delinquent bill is required.

(4) (A) Each gas company and electric distribution company shall deduct an arrearage from the account of a residential customer of such company if the customer (i) meets the income eligibility requirements of the Connecticut energy assistance program or state appropriated fuel assistance program; (ii) authorizes the gas or electric distribution company to send a copy of the customer's monthly bill directly to any energy assistance agency for payment; (iii) enters into and complies with an amortization agreement, which agreement is consistent with decisions and policies of the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority; and (iv) is eligible for financial hardship programs with the gas or electric distribution company. The amount of an arrearage deducted under this subparagraph shall be equal to the customer's monthly payment pursuant to an amortization agreement under this subdivision, provided the customer meets the requirements of subparagraphs (A)(i) to (A)(iv), inclusive, of this subdivision for the month immediately preceding such payment.

(B) Each gas company and electric distribution company shall deduct an arrearage from the account of a residential customer who meets the requirements of subparagraphs (A)(i) to (A)(iv), inclusive, of this subdivision in an amount equal to any payment such customer receives from the Connecticut energy assistance program, state appropriated fuel assistance program or other energy assistance sources. Such deduction shall be in addition to any amount deducted pursuant to subparagraph (A) of this subdivision.

(C) Notwithstanding the provisions of subdivision (7) of this subsection, any amortization agreement under this subdivision shall distribute customer payments over a period of twelve months, from November first to October thirty-first, and shall create a monthly payment that is affordable to the customer in accordance with the decisions and policies of the authority.

(D) In no event shall the deduction of any amounts pursuant to this subdivision result in a credit balance to the customer's account. No customer shall be denied the benefits of this subdivision due to an error by the gas or electric distribution company. If the customer fails to comply with the terms of the amortization agreement, any decision of the authority rendered in lieu of such agreement or the requirements of subparagraphs (A)(i) to (A)(iv), inclusive, of this subdivision, the company may terminate service to the customer, pursuant to all applicable regulations, provided such termination shall not occur between November first and May first.

(E) Each gas and electric distribution company shall submit to the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority annually, on or before June first, an implementation plan that shall include information concerning amortization agreements, counseling, reinstatement of eligibility, rate impacts and any other information deemed relevant by the authority. The Public Utilities Regulatory Authority may approve or modify such plan not later than one hundred twenty-seven days after receipt of the plan. If the authority does not take any action on such plan by such date, the plan shall automatically take effect at the end of such one-hundred-twenty-seven-day period, provided the authority may extend such period for an additional thirty days by notifying the company before the end of such one-hundred-twenty-seven-day period. The authority may deny all or part of the recovery of costs incurred pursuant to this subsection if it determines that the company seeking recovery has been imprudent, inefficient or acting in violation of statutes or regulations regarding amortization agreements.

(5) (A) All electric distribution and gas companies, electric suppliers and municipal utilities furnishing electricity or gas shall collaborate in developing, subject to approval by the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority, standard provisions for the notice of delinquency and impending termination under subsection (a) of section 16-262d . Each such company and utility shall place on the front of such notice a provision that the company, electric supplier or utility shall not effect termination of service to a residential dwelling for nonpayment of disputed bills during the pendency of any complaint. In addition, the notice shall state that the customer is required to pay current and undisputed bill amounts during the pendency of the complaint. (B) At the beginning of any discussion with a customer concerning a reasonable amortization agreement, any such company or utility shall inform the customer (i) of the availability of a process for resolving disputes over what constitutes a reasonable amortization agreement, (ii) that the company, electric supplier or utility will refer such a dispute to one of its review officers as the first step in attempting to resolve the dispute, and (iii) that the company, electric supplier or utility shall not effect termination of service to a residential dwelling for nonpayment of a delinquent account during the pendency of any complaint, investigation, hearing or appeal initiated by the customer, unless the customer fails to pay undisputed bills, or undisputed portions of bills, for service received during such period. (C) Each such company, electric supplier and utility shall inform and counsel all customers who are hardship cases as to the availability of all public and private energy conservation programs, including programs sponsored or subsidized by such companies and utilities, eligibility criteria, where to apply, and the circumstances under which such programs are available without cost.

(6) The Public Utilities Regulatory Authority shall adopt regulations in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54 to carry out the provisions of this subsection. Such regulations shall include, but not be limited to, criteria for determining hardship cases and for reasonable amortization agreements, including appeal of such agreements, for categories of customers. Such regulations may include the establishment of a reasonable rate of interest that a company may charge on the unpaid balance of a customer's delinquent bill and a description of the relationship and responsibilities of electric suppliers to customers.

(7) The Public Utilities Regulatory Authority may find that a reasonable amortization agreement, other than a reasonable amortization agreement under subdivision (4) of this subsection, is a period of not more than thirty-six months, unless the authority determines that a longer period is warranted. Not later than October 1, 2024, the authority shall amend any regulations adopted pursuant to subdivision (6) of this subsection to carry out the provisions of this subsection.

(8) The chairperson of the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority may distribute not more than one million dollars in total each year to organizations or individuals providing legal services with the express purpose of attaining participation in public service company programs designed to assist customers with utility bill or arrearage payments, including negotiating a reasonable amortization agreement pursuant to this subsection. Any funds distributed pursuant to this subdivision shall be paid by all public service companies, in proportion to such companies' annual load and the amount of services provided to end use customers or revenue, as determined by the authority.

(c) Each electric distribution and gas company, electric supplier and municipal utility shall, not later than December first, annually, submit a report to the authority and the General Assembly indicating (1) the number of customers in each of the following categories and the total delinquent balances for such customers as of the preceding May first: (A) Customers who are hardship cases and (i) who made arrangements for reasonable amortization agreements, (ii) who did not make such arrangements, and (B) customers who are nonhardship cases and who made arrangements for reasonable amortization, (2) (A) the number of heating customers receiving energy assistance during the preceding heating season and the total amount of such assistance, and (B) the total balance of the accounts of such customers after all energy assistance is applied to the accounts, (3) the number of hardship cases reinstated between November first of the preceding year and May first of the same year, the number of hardship cases terminated between May first of the same year and November first and the number of hardship cases reinstated during each month from May to November, inclusive, of the same year, (4) the number of reasonable amortization agreements executed and the number breached during the same year by (A) hardship cases, and (B) nonhardship cases, and (5) the number of accounts of (A) hardship cases, and (B) nonhardship cases for which part or all of the outstanding balance is written off as uncollectible during the preceding year and the total amount of such uncollectibles.

(d) Nothing in this section shall (1) prohibit a public service company, electric supplier or municipal utility from terminating residential utility service upon request of the customer or in accordance with section 16-262d upon default by the customer on an amortization agreement or collecting delinquent accounts through legal processes, including the processes authorized by section 16-262f , or (2) relieve such company, electric supplier or municipal utility of its responsibilities set forth in sections 16-262d and 16-262e to occupants of residential dwellings or, with respect to a public service company or electric supplier, the responsibilities set forth in section 19a-109 .

(e) No provision of the Freedom of Information Act, as defined in section 1-200 , shall be construed to require or permit a municipal utility furnishing electric, gas or water service, a municipality furnishing water or sewer service, a district established by special act or pursuant to chapter 105 and furnishing water or sewer service or a regional authority established by special act to furnish water or sewer service to disclose records under the Freedom of Information Act, as defined in section 1-200 , which identify or could lead to identification of the utility usage or billing information of individual customers, to the extent such disclosure would constitute an invasion of privacy. Nothing in this section prohibits the disclosure of delinquencies or enforcement actions.

(f) If an electric supplier suffers a loss of revenue by operation of this section, the supplier may make a claim for such revenue to the authority. The electric distribution company shall reimburse the electric supplier for such losses found to be reasonable by the authority at the lower of (1) the price of the contract between the supplier and the customer, or (2) the electric distribution company's price to customers for default service, as determined by the authority. The electric distribution company may recover such reimbursement, along with transaction costs, through the systems benefits charge.

Cited. 183 C. 85.

Cited. 12 CA 499; 25 CA 226.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16a-38o — Connecticut Code / Title 16a / Chapter 298 / Section 16a-38o
Sec. 16a-38o. Bond authorization for energy services projects or renewable energy or combined heat and power projects in state buildings.
Status: in_force

(b) The proceeds of the sale of said bonds, to the extent of the amount stated in subsection (a) of this section, shall be used by the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection for the purpose of funding any energy services project that results in increased efficiency measures in state buildings pursuant to section 16a-38 l , or for any renewable energy or combined heat and power project in state buildings.

(c) All provisions of section 3-20 , or the exercise of any right or power granted thereby, which are not inconsistent with the provisions of this section are hereby adopted and shall apply to all bonds authorized by the State Bond Commission pursuant to this section, and temporary notes in anticipation of the money to be derived from the sale of any such bonds so authorized may be issued in accordance with said section 3-20 and from time to time renewed. Such bonds shall mature at such time or times not exceeding twenty years from their respective dates as may be provided in or pursuant to the resolution or resolutions of the State Bond Commission authorizing such bonds. None of said bonds shall be authorized except upon a finding by the State Bond Commission that there has been filed with it a request for such authorization which is signed by or on behalf of the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management and states such terms and conditions as said commission, in its discretion, may require. Said bonds issued pursuant to this section shall be general obligations of the state and the full faith and credit of the state of Connecticut are pledged for the payment of the principal of and interest on said bonds as the same become due, and accordingly and as part of the contract of the state with the holders of said bonds, appropriation of all amounts necessary for punctual payment of such principal and interest is hereby made, and the State Treasurer shall pay such principal and interest as the same become due.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-19j — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 277 / Section 16-19j
Sec. 16-19j. Portion of authority staff to be made party to certain rate proceedings.
Status: in_force

(b) Notwithstanding subsection (a) of this section, the authority shall require a portion of the staff to be made a party to proceedings relating to (1) a rate amendment proposed pursuant to section 16-19 by a public service company having more than seventy-five thousand customers, (2) the approval of performance-based incentives pursuant to subsection (b) of section 16-19a , or (3) the approval of any alternative form of regulation pursuant to section 16-247k , provided the authority shall not require a portion of the staff to be made a party to any proceeding described in this subsection if the authority issues a notice of its intent not to do so in writing. The notice shall include the reasons for not requiring a portion of the staff to be made a party. Upon petition of any party so noticed, the authority shall require a portion of the staff to be made a party.

(c) The provisions of section 4-181 shall apply to any proceeding in which a portion of authority staff is made a party.

(d) The authority staff assigned to participate as a party to any rate proceedings described in subdivision (1) of subsection (b) of this section shall review the proposed rate amendment filed by the company and shall file with the directors of the authority proposed modifications of the rate amendment. Such modifications shall carry out the purposes of subsection (a) of section 16-19e and section 16a-35k . Such staff shall appear and participate in the proceedings in support of its proposed modifications and may employ outside consultants knowledgeable in the utility regulation field.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16a-40m — Connecticut Code / Title 16a / Chapter 298 / Section 16a-40m
Sec. 16a-40m. Residential clean energy on-bill repayment program.
Status: in_force

(b) On or before April 1, 2014, the Energy Conservation Management Board and the Connecticut Green Bank, in consultation with the electric distribution companies and gas companies, shall establish a comprehensive residential clean energy on-bill repayment program financed by third-party private capital managed by the Connecticut Green Bank. Such program shall have the following features:

(1) To establish a process for qualifying clean energy improvements;

(2) To prioritize clean energy improvements for cost-effectiveness;

(3) To reduce peak electricity demand;

(4) To assist customers of electric distribution companies or gas companies in accessing incentives, other cost savings and financing for clean energy improvements, including natural gas furnaces or boilers that meet or exceed federal Energy Star standards and propane and oil furnaces and boilers that are not less than eighty-four per cent efficient;

(5) To identify knowledgeable contractors for installation of clean energy improvements and to ensure successful installation of such improvements;

(6) To finance clean energy improvements to the extent the tenor of such financing repayment does not exceed the average expected life of such improvements;

(7) To provide that the repayment amount plus the anticipated periodic customer bill after installation of the clean energy improvements does not exceed the anticipated periodic bill for electric or gas service without installation of such improvements, including no energy savings improvements;

(8) To authorize the disconnection for nonpayment by the customer of any financing repayment amount, except during the pendency of any complaint, investigation, hearing or appeal challenging the on-bill repayment loan, terms, accuracy or related matters, with any on-bill repayment amount treated as part of the customer's utility account subject to the protections provided in sections 16-262c , 16-262d , 16-262g to 16-262i , inclusive, and 16-262x ;

(9) To establish program guidelines to address the ramifications of on-bill repayment and the risks associated with disconnection of service of low-income and hardship customers;

(10) To provide the assignment of repayment obligations to subsequent owners of the dwelling unit upon the development by the Energy Conservation Management Board and the Connecticut Green Bank of timely written notice guidelines to subsequent owners, except on-bill repayment amounts may not be directly charged to a tenant of a dwelling unit by a utility company pursuant to section 16-262e or a receiver pursuant to sections 16-262f , 16-262t , 47a-14h and 47a-56a to 47a-56k , inclusive; and

(11) To provide that the on-bill repayment billing and collection services shall be available without regard to whether the energy or fuel delivered by the utility is the customer's primary energy source.

(c) The guidelines for the comprehensive residential clean energy on-bill repayment program pursuant to subdivisions (9) to (11), inclusive, of subsection (b) of this section shall be subject to review and approval by the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority, which review shall commence upon filing such guidelines with the authority and the review shall be deemed complete not later than ninety days after such filing. Such review shall be conducted in an uncontested proceeding.

(d) On-bill repayment for any loan that is part of the comprehensive residential clean energy on-bill repayment program established pursuant to this section and utilized to improve efficiency or clean energy improvements for provision of heat to a dwelling unit shall be treated as part of the primary heating expense for the customer for purposes of (1) any energy assistance program funded or administered by the state or under any plan adopted pursuant to section 16a-41a , and (2) any matching payment program plan pursuant to subdivision (4) of subsection (b) of section 16-262c .
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-330g — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 289 / Section 16-330g
Sec. 16-330g. Conduit excavations in the public highways, streets or other public right-of-way. Payment of fees. Authorization to lease space or enter into contractual agreements. Penalties.
Status: in_force

(1) The size of such conduit shall be consistent with industry best practices and sufficient to accommodate potential demand;

(2) Any handholes and manholes for fiber optic cable access and pulling with respect to each such practice shall be placed at intervals consistent with industry best practices;

(3) Such conduit shall be installed with a pull tape and capabilities of supporting additional fiber optic cable;

(4) The applicant shall notify telecommunications service providers and broadband Internet access service providers of the proposed excavation to reduce the potential for future street excavations in the same location;

(5) Any requesting telecommunications service provider or broadband Internet access service provider shall be able to access such conduit on a competitively neutral and nondiscriminatory basis and for a charge not to exceed a cost-based rate;

(6) The applicant shall report to the authority upon completion of any approved construction verifying that it has complied with the provisions of this subsection; and

(7) Any other condition deemed prudent and reasonable by the authority.

(b) For excavations in the state highway rights-of-way, the applicant shall comply with the Department of Transportation's encroachment permit process, including the payment of any applicable fees. Any application for construction in the public highways, streets or other public rights-of-way shall require the applicant to install a conduit for the benefit of the Department of Transportation, as required by section 16-233 .

(c) The Commissioner of Transportation is authorized to lease space, or enter into any other contract or agreement to permit access to such space, in any conduit installed by the Department of Transportation in the public highways, streets or other public rights-of-way on such terms and conditions, and for any purpose, deemed to be in the public interest by said commissioner.

(d) Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit the use of conduit by the Department of Transportation on public highways, streets or other public rights-of-way as otherwise permitted by law.

(e) All telecommunications service providers and broadband Internet access service providers that are authorized by the authority to install facilities in, under or over the public highways, streets or other public rights-of-way shall obey, observe and comply with this section and each applicable order made by the authority with respect to underground conduit. Failure to comply with this section or applicable orders of the authority may result in a civil penalty levied by the authority in accordance with section 16-41 . Any such fines shall not be recoverable costs in any rate proceeding conducted by the authority.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-245u — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-245u
Sec. 16-245u. Unfair and discriminatory conduct and unfair trade practices in electric market prohibited. Investigations.
Status: in_force

(b) (1) Upon complaint or upon its own motion, for cause shown, the authority shall conduct an investigation of any possible anticompetitive or discriminatory conduct affecting the retail sale of electricity or any unfair or deceptive trade practices. Such investigations may include, but are not limited to, (A) the effect of mergers, consolidations, acquisition and disposition of assets or securities of electric suppliers, as defined in section 16-1 , or transmission congestion on the proper functioning of a fully competitive market, or (B) targeting, with an artificially elevated electric generation services rate, a customer eligible for standard service who is (i) a hardship case for purposes of subdivision (3) of subsection (b) of section 16-262c , (ii) having moneys due and owing deducted from such customer's bill by the electric distribution company pursuant to subdivision (4) of subsection (b) of section 16-262c , (iii) receiving other financial assistance from an electric distribution company, or (iv) otherwise protected by law from shutoff of electricity services.

(2) The authority may require an electric supplier to provide information, including documents and testimony, in accordance with the procedures contained in subsection (a) of section 16-8 and section 16-8c .

(3) Confidential, proprietary or trade secret information provided under this section may be submitted under a duly granted protective order. Any hearings that may be held during the course of the investigation may also be conducted in camera to prevent the inadvertent revelation of such confidential information.

(4) The office of the Attorney General and the Office of Consumer Counsel shall have the right to participate in such investigations under appropriate nondisclosure agreements.

(5) At the conclusion of the investigation, and notwithstanding any previously granted protective orders, if the authority finds that facts exist that indicate any violation of state or federal law, it shall transmit such written findings along with supporting information gathered in its investigation to appropriate enforcement officials. Such referrals may recommend that further investigation be made or that immediate enforcement procedures be initiated. Such referrals may be made to the office of the Attorney General, the Department of Consumer Protection, the United States Department of Justice, the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, or any other appropriate enforcement agency. The authority may intervene as permitted by law in any proceeding initiated under this subsection. The results of such investigations may also serve as a basis for authority sanctions, after notice and hearing, under subsection (l) of section 16-245 .

(c) Nothing contained in this section shall be construed so as to restrict the right of any person to pursue any other remedy available to the person under law.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-1 — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 277 / Section 16-1
Sec. 16-1. Definitions.
Status: in_force

(1) “Authority” means the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority and “department” means the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection;

(2) “Utility commissioner” means a utility commissioner of the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority;

(3) “Public service company” includes electric distribution, gas, telephone, pipeline, sewage, water and community antenna television companies and holders of a certificate of cable franchise authority, owning, leasing, maintaining, operating, managing or controlling plants or parts of plants or equipment, but shall not include towns, cities, boroughs, any municipal corporation or department thereof, whether separately incorporated or not, a private power producer, as defined in section 16-243b , or an exempt wholesale generator, as defined in 15 USC 79z-5a;

(4) “Plant” includes all real estate, buildings, tracks, pipes, mains, poles, wires and other fixed or stationary construction and equipment, wherever located, used in the conduct of the business of the company;

(5) “Gas company” includes every person owning, leasing, maintaining, operating, managing or controlling mains, pipes or other fixtures, in public highways or streets, for the transmission or distribution of gas for sale for heat or power within this state, or engaged in the manufacture of gas to be so transmitted or distributed for such purpose, but shall not include (A) a person manufacturing gas through the use of a biomass gasification plant provided such person does not own, lease, maintain, operate, manage or control mains, pipes or other fixtures in public highways or streets, (B) a municipal gas utility established under chapter 101 or any other gas utility owned, leased, maintained, operated, managed or controlled by any unit of local government under any general statute or any public or special act, or (C) an entity approved to submeter pursuant to section 16-19ff ;

(6) “Water company” includes every person owning, leasing, maintaining, operating, managing or controlling any pond, lake, reservoir, stream, well or distributing plant or system employed for the purpose of supplying water to fifty or more consumers. A water company does not include homeowners, condominium associations providing water only to their members, homeowners associations providing water to customers at least eighty per cent of whom are members of such associations, a municipal waterworks system established under chapter 102, a district, metropolitan district, municipal district or special services district established under chapter 105, chapter 105a or any other general statute or any public or special act which is authorized to supply water, or any other waterworks system owned, leased, maintained, operated, managed or controlled by any unit of local government under any general statute or any public or special act;

(7) “Consumer” means any private dwelling, boardinghouse, apartment, store, office building, institution, mechanical or manufacturing establishment or other place of business or industry to which water is supplied by a water company;

(8) “Sewage company” includes every person owning, leasing, maintaining, operating, managing or controlling, for general use in any town, city or borough, or portion thereof, in this state, sewage disposal facilities which discharge treated effluent into any waterway of this state;

(9) “Pipeline company” includes every person owning, leasing, maintaining, operating, managing or controlling mains, pipes or other fixtures through, over, across or under any public land, water, parkways, highways, parks or public grounds for the transportation, transmission or distribution of petroleum products for hire within this state;

(10) “Community antenna television company” includes every person owning, leasing, maintaining, operating, managing or controlling a community antenna television system, in, under or over any public street or highway, for the purpose of providing community antenna television service for hire and shall include any municipality which owns or operates one or more plants for the manufacture or distribution of electricity pursuant to section 7-213 or any special act and seeks to obtain or obtains a certificate of public convenience and necessity to construct or operate a community antenna television system pursuant to section 16-331 or a certificate of cable franchise authority pursuant to section 16-331q . “Community antenna television company” does not include a certified competitive video service provider;

(11) “Community antenna television service” means (A) the one-way transmission to subscribers of video programming or information that a community antenna television company makes available to all subscribers generally, and subscriber interaction, if any, which is required for the selection of such video programming or information, and (B) noncable communications service. “Community antenna television service” does not include video service provided by a certified competitive video service provider;

(12) “Community antenna television system” means a facility, consisting of a set of closed transmission paths and associated signal generation, reception and control equipment that is designed to provide community antenna television service which includes video programming and which is provided in, under or over any public street or highway, for hire, to multiple subscribers within a franchise, but such term does not include (A) a facility that serves only to retransmit the television signals of one or more television broadcast stations; (B) a facility that serves only subscribers in one or more multiple unit dwellings under common ownership, control or management, unless such facility is located in, under or over a public street or highway; (C) a facility of a common carrier which is subject, in whole or in part, to the provisions of Subchapter II of Chapter 5 of the Communications Act of 1934, 47 USC 201 et seq., as amended, except that such facility shall be considered a community antenna television system and the carrier shall be considered a public service company to the extent such facility is used in the transmission of video programming directly to subscribers; or (D) a facility of an electric distribution company which is used solely for operating its electric distribution company systems. “Community antenna television system” does not include a facility used by a certified competitive video service provider to provide video service;

(13) “Video programming” means programming provided by, or generally considered comparable to programming provided by, a television broadcast station;

(14) “Noncable communications service” means any telecommunications service, as defined in section 16-247a , and which is not included in the definition of “cable service” in the Communications Act of 1934, 47 USC 522, as amended. Nothing in this definition shall be construed to affect service which is both authorized and preempted pursuant to federal law;

(15) “Cogeneration technology” means the use for the generation of electricity of exhaust steam, waste steam, heat or resultant energy from an industrial, commercial or manufacturing plant or process, or the use of exhaust steam, waste steam or heat from a thermal power plant for an industrial, commercial or manufacturing plant or process, but shall not include steam or heat developed solely for electrical power generation;

(16) “Renewable fuel resources” means energy sources described in subdivisions (20) and (21) of this subsection;

(17) “Telephone company” means a telecommunications company that provides one or more noncompetitive or emerging competitive services, as defined in section 16-247a ;

(18) “Domestic telephone company” includes any telephone company which has been chartered by or organized or constituted within or under the laws of this state;

(19) “Telecommunications company” means a person that provides telecommunications service, as defined in section 16-247a , within the state, but shall not mean a person that provides only (A) private telecommunications service, as defined in section 16-247a , (B) the one-way transmission of video programming or other programming services to subscribers, (C) subscriber interaction, if any, which is required for the selection of such video programming or other programming services, (D) the two-way transmission of educational or instructional programming to a public or private elementary or secondary school, or a public or independent institution of higher education, as required by the authority pursuant to a community antenna television company franchise agreement, or provided pursuant to a contract with such a school or institution which contract has been filed with the authority, or (E) a combination of the services set forth in subparagraphs (B) to (D), inclusive, of this subdivision;

(20) “Class I renewable energy source” means (A) electricity derived from (i) solar power, (ii) wind power, (iii) a fuel cell, (iv) geothermal, (v) landfill methane gas, anaerobic digestion or other biogas derived from biological sources, (vi) thermal electric direct energy conversion from a certified Class I renewable energy source, (vii) ocean thermal power, (viii) wave or tidal power, (ix) low emission advanced renewable energy conversion technologies, including, but not limited to, zero emission low grade heat power generation systems based on organic oil free rankine, kalina or other similar nonsteam cycles that use waste heat from an industrial or commercial process that does not generate electricity, (x) (I) a run-of-the-river hydropower facility that began operation after July 1, 2003, has a generating capacity of not more than sixty megawatts, is not based on a new dam or a dam identified by the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection as a candidate for removal, and meets applicable state and federal requirements, including state dam safety requirements and applicable site-specific standards for water quality and fish passage, or (II) a run-of-the-river hydropower facility that received a new license after January 1, 2018, under the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission rules pursuant to 18 CFR 16, as amended from time to time, is not based on a new dam or a dam identified by the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection as a candidate for removal, and meets applicable state and federal requirements, including state dam safety requirements and applicable site-specific standards for water quality and fish passage, (xi) a biomass facility that uses sustainable biomass fuel and has an average emission rate of equal to or less than .075 pounds of nitrogen oxides per million BTU of heat input for the previous calendar quarter, except that energy derived from a biomass facility with a capacity of less than five hundred kilowatts that began construction before July 1, 2003, may be considered a Class I renewable energy source, or (xii) a nuclear power generating facility constructed on or after October 1, 2023, or (B) any electrical generation, including distributed generation, generated from a Class I renewable energy source, provided, on and after January 1, 2014, any megawatt hours of electricity from a renewable energy source described under this subparagraph that are claimed or counted by a load-serving entity, province or state toward compliance with renewable portfolio standards or renewable energy policy goals in another province or state, other than the state of Connecticut, shall not be eligible for compliance with the renewable portfolio standards established pursuant to section 16-245a ;

(21) “Class II renewable energy source” means electricity derived from a trash-to-energy facility that has obtained a permit pursuant to section 22a-208a and section 22a-174-33 of the regulations of Connecticut state agencies;

(22) “Electric distribution services” means the owning, leasing, maintaining, operating, managing or controlling of poles, wires, conduits or other fixtures along public highways or streets for the distribution of electricity, or electric distribution-related services;

(23) “Electric distribution company” or “distribution company” means any person providing electric transmission or distribution services within the state, but does not include: (A) A private power producer, as defined in section 16-243b ; (B) a municipal electric utility established under chapter 101, other than a participating municipal electric utility; (C) a municipal electric energy cooperative established under chapter 101a; (D) an electric cooperative established under chapter 597; (E) any other electric utility owned, leased, maintained, operated, managed or controlled by any unit of local government under any general statute or special act; (F) an electric supplier; (G) an entity approved to submeter pursuant to section 16-19ff ; or (H) a municipality, state or federal governmental entity authorized to distribute electricity across a public highway or street pursuant to section 16-243aa ;

(24) “Electric supplier” means any person, including an electric aggregator or participating municipal electric utility that is licensed by the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority in accordance with section 16-245 , that provides electric generation services to end use customers in the state using the transmission or distribution facilities of an electric distribution company, regardless of whether or not such person takes title to such generation services, but does not include: (A) A municipal electric utility established under chapter 101, other than a participating municipal electric utility; (B) a municipal electric energy cooperative established under chapter 101a; (C) an electric cooperative established under chapter 597; or (D) any other electric utility owned, leased, maintained, operated, managed or controlled by any unit of local government under any general statute or special act;

(25) “Electric aggregator” means (A) a person, municipality or regional water authority that gathers together electric customers for the purpose of negotiating the purchase of electric generation services from an electric supplier, or (B) the MIRA Dissolution Authority, if it gathers together electric customers for the purpose of negotiating the purchase of electric generation services from an electric supplier, provided such person, municipality or authority is not engaged in the purchase or resale of electric generation services, and provided further such customers contract for electric generation services directly with an electric supplier, and may include an electric cooperative established pursuant to chapter 597;

(26) “Electric generation services” means electric energy, electric capacity or generation-related services;

(27) “Electric transmission services” means electric transmission or transmission-related services;

(28) “Generation entity or affiliate” means a corporate affiliate or a separate division of an electric distribution company that provides electric generation services;

(29) “Participating municipal electric utility” means a municipal electric utility established under chapter 101 or any other electric utility owned, leased, maintained, operated, managed or controlled by any unit of local government under any general statute or any public or special act, that is authorized by the authority in accordance with section 16-245c to provide electric generation services to end use customers outside its service area, as defined in section 16-245c ;

(30) “Person” means an individual, business, firm, corporation, association, joint stock association, trust, partnership or limited liability company;

(31) “Regional independent system operator” means the “ISO - New England, Inc.”, or its successor organization as approved by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission;

(32) “Certified telecommunications provider” means a person certified by the authority to provide intrastate telecommunications services, as defined in section 16-247a , pursuant to sections 16-247f to 16-247h , inclusive;

(33) “Gas registrant” means a person registered to sell natural gas pursuant to section 16-258a ;

(34) “Customer-side distributed resources” means (A) the generation of electricity from a unit with a rating of not more than sixty-five megawatts on the premises of a retail end user within the transmission and distribution system including, but not limited to, fuel cells, photovoltaic systems or small wind turbines, or (B) a reduction in the demand for electricity on the premises of a retail end user in the distribution system through methods of conservation and load management, including, but not limited to, peak reduction systems and demand response systems;

(35) “Federally mandated congestion charges” means any cost approved by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission as part of New England Standard Market Design including, but not limited to, locational marginal pricing, locational installed capacity payments, any cost approved by the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority to reduce federally mandated congestion charges in accordance with section 7-233y , this section, sections 16-32f , 16-50i , 16-50k , 16-50x , 16-243i to 16-243q , inclusive, 16-244c , 16-245m , 16-245n and 16-245z , section 21 of public act 05-1 of the June special session*, subsection (f) of section 16a-3j and reliability must run contracts;

(36) “Combined heat and power system” means a system that produces, from a single source, both electric power and thermal energy used in any process that results in an aggregate reduction in electricity use;

(37) “Grid-side distributed resources” means the generation of electricity from a unit with a rating of not more than sixty-five megawatts that is connected to the transmission or distribution system, which units may include, but are not limited to, units used primarily to generate electricity to meet peak demand;

(38) “Class III source” means the electricity output from combined heat and power systems with an operating efficiency level of no less than fifty per cent that are part of customer-side distributed resources developed at commercial and industrial facilities in this state on or after January 1, 2006, a waste heat recovery system installed on or after April 1, 2007, that produces electrical or thermal energy by capturing preexisting waste heat or pressure from industrial or commercial processes, or the electricity savings created in this state from conservation and load management programs begun on or after January 1, 2006, provided on and after January 1, 2014, no such programs supported by ratepayers, including programs overseen by the Energy Conservation Management Board or third-party programs pursuant to section 16-245m , shall be considered a Class III source, except that any demand-side management project awarded a contract pursuant to section 16-243m shall remain eligible as a Class III source for the term of such contract;

(39) “Sustainable biomass fuel” means biomass that is cultivated and harvested in a sustainable manner. “Sustainable biomass fuel” does not mean construction and demolition waste, as defined in section 22a-208x , finished biomass products from sawmills, paper mills or stud mills, organic refuse fuel derived separately from municipal solid waste, or biomass from old growth timber stands, except where (A) such biomass is used in a biomass gasification plant that received funding prior to May 1, 2006, from the Clean Energy Fund established pursuant to section 16-245n , or (B) the energy derived from such biomass is subject to a long-term power purchase contract pursuant to subdivision (2) of subsection (j) of section 16-244c entered into prior to May 1, 2006;

(40) “Video service” means video programming services provided through wireline facilities, a portion of which are located in the public right-of-way, without regard to delivery technology, including Internet protocol technology. “Video service” does not include any video programming provided by a commercial mobile service provider, as defined in 47 USC 332(d), any video programming provided as part of community antenna television service in a franchise area as of October 1, 2007, any video programming provided as part of and via a service that enables users to access content, information, electronic mail or other services over the public Internet;

(41) “Certified competitive video service provider” means an entity providing video service pursuant to a certificate of video franchise authority issued by the authority in accordance with section 16-331e . “Certified competitive video service provider” does not mean an entity issued a certificate of public convenience and necessity in accordance with section 16-331 or the affiliates, successors and assigns of such entity or an entity issued a certificate of cable franchise authority in accordance with section 16-331p or the affiliates, successors and assignees of such entity;

(42) “Certificate of video franchise authority” means an authorization issued by the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority conferring the right to an entity or person to own, lease, maintain, operate, manage or control facilities in, under or over any public highway to offer video service to any subscribers in the state;

(43) “Certificate of cable franchise authority” means an authorization issued by the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority pursuant to section 16-331q conferring the right to a community antenna television company to own, lease, maintain, operate, manage or control a community antenna television system in, under or over any public highway to (A) offer community antenna television service in a community antenna television company's designated franchise area, or (B) use the public rights-of-way to offer video service in a designated franchise area. The certificate of cable franchise authority shall be issued as an alternative to a certificate of public convenience and necessity pursuant to section 16-331 and shall only be available to a community antenna television company under the terms specified in sections 16-331q to 16-331aa , inclusive;

(44) “Thermal energy transportation company” means any person authorized under any provision of the general statutes or special act to furnish heat or air conditioning or both, by means of steam, heated or chilled water or other medium, to lay and maintain mains, pipes or other conduits, and to erect such other fixtures necessary or convenient in and on the streets, highways and public grounds of any municipality to carry steam, heated or chilled water or other medium from such plant to the location to be served and to return the same;

(45) “The Connecticut Television Network” means the General Assembly's state-wide twenty-four-hour state public affairs programming service, separate and distinct from community access channels;

(46) “Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection” means the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection appointed pursuant to title 4, or the commissioner's designee;

(47) “Large-scale hydropower” means any hydropower facility that (A) began operation on or after January 1, 2003, (B) is located in the New England Power Pool Generation Information System geographic eligibility area in accordance with Rule 2.3 of said system or an area abutting the northern boundary of the New England Power Pool Generation Information System geographic eligibility area that is not interconnected with any other control area that is not a part of the New England Power Pool Generation Information System geographic eligibility area, (C) delivers power into such geographic eligibility area, and (D) has a generating capacity of more than thirty megawatts;

(48) “Energy storage system” means any commercially available technology that is capable of absorbing energy, storing it for a period of time and thereafter dispatching the energy, and that is capable of either: (A) Using mechanical, chemical or thermal processes to store electricity that is generated at one time for use at a later time; (B) storing thermal energy for direct use for heating or cooling at a later time in a manner that avoids the need to use electricity at a later time; (C) using mechanical, chemical or thermal processes to store electricity generated from renewable energy sources for use at a later time; or (D) using mechanical, chemical or thermal processes to capture or harness waste electricity and to store such electricity generated from mechanical processes for delivery at a later time;

(49) “Distributed energy resource” means any (A) customer-side distributed resource or grid-side distributed resource that generates electricity from a Class I renewable energy source or Class III source, and (B) customer-side distributed resource that reduces demand for electricity through conservation and load management, energy storage system which is located on the customer-side of the meter or is connected to the distribution system or microgrid; and

(50) “Grid-side system enhancement” means an investment in distribution system infrastructure, technology and systems designed to enable the deployment of distributed energy resources and allow for grid management and system balancing, including, but not limited to, energy storage systems, distribution system automation and controls, intelligent field systems, advanced distribution system metering, and communication and systems that enable two-way power flow.

(b) Notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes, the terms “utility”, “public utility” and “public service company” shall be deemed to include a community antenna television company and a holder of a certificate of cable franchise authority, except (1) as otherwise provided in sections 16-8 , 16-27 , 16-28 and 16-43 , (2) that no provision of the general statutes, including but not limited to, the provisions of sections 16-6b and 16-19 , shall subject a community antenna television company to regulation as a common carrier or utility by reason of providing community antenna television service, other than noncable communications service, as provided in Subchapter V-A of Chapter 5 of the Communications Act of 1934, 47 USC 521 et seq., as amended, and (3) that no provision of the general statutes, including but not limited to, sections 16-6b and 16-19 , shall apply to community antenna television companies to the extent any such provision is preempted pursuant to any other provision of the Communications Act of 1934, 47 USC 151 et seq., as amended, any other federal act or any regulation adopted thereunder.

(c) An owner of an electric vehicle charging station, as defined in section 16-19f , shall not be deemed to be a utility, public utility or public service company solely by virtue of the fact that such owner is an owner of an electric vehicle charging station.

*Note: Section 21 of public act 05-1 of the June special session is special in nature and therefore has not been codified but remains in full force and effect according to its terms.

See Sec. 25-32n re exclusion of municipality with well water service to a school administration building from consideration as a water company.

Cited. 147 C. 229; 152 C. 563; 159 C. 327; 162 C. 51; 166 C. 232; 169 C. 344; 174 C. 556; 183 C. 128; 214 C. 609; 216 C. 627.

Cited. 12 CA 499; 20 CA 474; 43 CA 196.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-50f — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 277 / Section 16-50f
Sec. 16-50f. Solicitation of insurance applications from employees of public service companies. Payroll deductions.
Status: in_force

(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a) of this section, a public service company may provide payroll deductions for its employees in connection with premiums for a mass merchandising or group plan of any line of insurance, provided that the group covered by such insurance consists predominantly of employees of the public service company.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16a-3d — Connecticut Code / Title 16a / Chapter 295 / Section 16a-3d
Sec. 16a-3d. Comprehensive Energy Strategy.
Status: in_force

(b) In adopting the Comprehensive Energy Strategy, the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection shall conduct a proceeding that shall not be considered a contested case under chapter 54, but shall include not less than one public meeting and one technical meeting at which technical personnel shall be available to answer questions. Such meetings shall be transcribed and posted on the department's Internet web site. Said commissioner shall give not less than fifteen days' notice of such proceeding by electronic publication on the department's Internet web site. Not later than fifteen days prior to any such public meeting and not less than thirty days prior to any such technical meeting, the commissioner shall publish notice of either such meeting and post the text of the proposed Comprehensive Energy Strategy on the department's Internet web site. Notice of such public meeting or technical meeting may also be published in one or more newspapers having state-wide circulation if deemed necessary by the commissioner. Such notice shall state the date, time, and place of the meeting, the subject matter of the meeting, the manner and time period during which comments may be submitted to said commissioner, the statutory authority for the proposed strategy and the location where a copy of the proposed strategy may be obtained or examined in addition to posting the proposed strategy on the department's Internet web site. Said commissioner shall provide a time period of not less than sixty days from the date the notice is published on the department's Internet web site for public review and comment. During such time period, any person may provide comments concerning the proposed strategy to said commissioner. Said commissioner shall consider fully all written and oral comments concerning the proposed strategy after all public meetings and technical meetings and before approving the final strategy. Said commissioner shall (1) notify by electronic mail each person who requests such notice, and (2) post on the department's Internet web site the electronic text of the final strategy and a report summarizing all public comments and the changes made to the final strategy in response to such comments and the reasons therefor. The Public Utilities Regulatory Authority shall comment on the strategy's impact on natural gas and electric rates.

(c) The Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection shall submit the final Comprehensive Energy Strategy electronically to the joint standing committees of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to energy and the environment.

(d) The Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection may modify the Comprehensive Energy Strategy in accordance with the procedures outlined in subsections (b) and (c) of this section.

(e) For the Comprehensive Energy Strategy next approved after October 1, 2021, and every Comprehensive Energy Strategy prepared thereafter, the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection shall consider (1) the reductions in greenhouse gas emissions resulting from low-carbon fuel blends used in home heating oil on a life-cycle basis, (2) possible contributions to the state's greenhouse gas emissions mandated levels, pursuant to section 22a-200a , in connection with the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions on a life-cycle basis, (3) the ability of a thermal portfolio standard to further reductions in greenhouse gas emissions on a life-cycle basis, and (4) the relative value of the reductions in greenhouse gas emissions on a life-cycle basis achieved by biodiesel and other low-carbon fuel blends used currently in the state compared with the value of future projected greenhouse gas emissions reductions achieved by the retail heating oil industry on a life-cycle basis five, ten, and twenty years into the future using the Department of Energy and Environmental Protections' contemporaneous projection of renewable energy utilized.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-245j — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-245j
Sec. 16-245j. Rate reduction bonds and economic recovery revenue bonds; terms.
Status: in_force

(2) Notwithstanding the provisions of subdivision (1) of this subsection, on and after June 21, 2011, no financing entity has the power or is authorized to issue economic recovery revenue bonds. No competitive transition assessment shall be assessed to secure and pay economic recovery revenue bonds.

(b) Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, the state of Connecticut does hereby pledge and agree with the owners of transition property and holders of rate reduction bonds that the state shall neither limit nor alter the competitive transition assessment, transition property, financing orders, and all rights thereunder until the obligations, together with the interest thereon, are fully met and discharged, provided nothing contained in this subsection shall preclude the limitation or alteration if and when adequate provision shall be made by law for the protection of the owners and holders. The finance authority as agent for the state is authorized to include this pledge and undertaking for the state in these obligations.

(c) (1) Financing orders and rate reduction bonds shall not be deemed to constitute a debt or liability of the state or of any political subdivision thereof, other than the financing entity, shall not constitute a pledge of the full faith and credit of the state or any of its political subdivisions, other than the financing entity, but shall be payable solely from the funds provided under sections 16-245e to 16-245k , inclusive, and shall not constitute an indebtedness of the state within the meaning of any constitutional or statutory debt limitation or restriction and, accordingly, shall not be subject to any statutory limitation on the indebtedness of the state and shall not be included in computing the aggregate indebtedness of the state in respect to and to the extent of any such limitation. This subsection shall in no way preclude bond guarantees or enhancements pursuant to sections 16-245e to 16-245k , inclusive. All rate reduction bonds shall contain on the face thereof a statement to the following effect: “Neither the full faith and credit nor the taxing power of the State of Connecticut is pledged to the payment of the principal of, or interest on, this bond.”

(2) The issuance of rate reduction bonds under sections 16-245e to 16-245k , inclusive, shall not directly, indirectly, or contingently obligate the state or any political subdivision thereof to levy or to pledge any form of taxation therefor or to make any appropriation for their payment.

(3) The exercise of the powers granted by sections 16-245e to 16-245k , inclusive, shall be in all respects for the benefit of the people of this state, for the increase of their commerce, welfare, and prosperity, and as the exercise of such powers shall constitute the performance of an essential public function, neither the finance authority, any electric distribution company, any affiliate of any electric distribution company, any financing entity, or any collection or other agent of any of the foregoing shall be required to pay any taxes or assessments upon or in respect of any revenues or property received, acquired, transferred, or used by the finance authority, any electric distribution company, any affiliate of any electric distribution company, any financing entity, or any collection or other agent of any of the foregoing under the provisions of sections 16-245e to 16-245k , inclusive, or upon or in respect of the income therefrom, and any rate reduction bonds shall be treated as issued by or on behalf of a public instrumentality created under the laws of the state for purposes of chapter 229.

(4) (A) The proceeds of any rate reduction bonds, other than economic recovery revenue bonds, shall be used for the purposes approved by the authority in the financing order, including, but not limited to, disbursements to the General Fund in substitution for such disbursements in furtherance of the Conservation and Load Management Plan established by section 16-245m and from the Clean Energy Fund established by section 16-245n , the costs of refinancing or retiring of debt of the electric distribution company, and associated federal and state tax liabilities; provided such proceeds shall not be applied to purchase generation assets or to purchase or redeem stock or to pay dividends to shareholders or operating expenses other than taxes resulting from the receipt of such proceeds.

(B) The proceeds of any economic recovery revenue bonds shall be used for the purposes approved by the authority in the financing order, including, but not limited to, funding the economic recovery transfer, provided such proceeds shall not be applied to purchase generation assets or to purchase or redeem stock or to pay dividends to shareholders or operating expenses other than taxes resulting from the receipt of such proceeds.

(5) Rate reduction bonds are made and declared (A) securities in which all public officers and public bodies of the state and its political subdivisions, all insurance companies, state banks and trust companies, national banking associations, savings banks, savings and loan associations, investment companies, executors, administrators, trustees and other fiduciaries may properly and legally invest funds, including capital in their control or belonging to them, and (B) securities which may properly and legally be deposited with and received by any state or municipal officer or any agency or political subdivision of the state for any purpose for which the deposit of bonds or obligations of the state is now or may be authorized.

(6) Rate reduction bonds, other than economic recovery revenue bonds, shall mature at such time or times approved by the authority in the financing order; provided that such maturity shall not be later than December 31, 2011. Economic recovery revenue bonds shall mature at such time or times approved by the authority in the financing order, provided such maturity shall not be later than eight years after the date of issuance, provided such maturity may be extended for economic reasons, upon the advice of the financing entity.

(7) Rate reduction bonds issued and at any time outstanding may, if and to the extent permitted under the indenture or other agreement pursuant to which they are issued, be refunded by other rate reduction bonds.

(d) Any rate reduction bonds issued or sold pursuant to or in reliance on and in accordance with any financing order issued by the authority pursuant to sections 16-245e to 16-245k , inclusive, shall be valid and binding in accordance with their terms notwithstanding such financing order is later vacated, modified, or otherwise held to be wholly or partly invalid, unless operation of such financing order has been enjoined, stayed, or suspended by the authority or a court of competent jurisdiction prior to such issuance.

(e) In conjunction with the issuance of economic recovery revenue bonds or state rate reduction bonds: (1) The Treasurer may enter into a trust indenture for the benefit of holders of the rate reduction bonds with a corporate trustee, which may be any trust company or commercial bank qualified to do business within or without the state; such trust indenture shall be consistent with the financing order and may contain such other provisions as may be appropriate including those regulating the investment of funds and the remedies of bondholders; (2) the Treasurer may make representations and agreements for the benefit of the holders of rate reduction bonds to make secondary market disclosures; (3) the Treasurer may enter into interest rate swap agreements and other agreements for the purpose of moderating interest rate risk on rate reduction bonds as permitted elsewhere within sections 16-245e to 16-245k , inclusive, provided the obligations under such agreements are payable from the transition property; (4) the Treasurer may enter into such other agreements and instruments to secure the rate reduction bonds as provided in sections 16-245f to 16-245k , inclusive; and (5) the Treasurer may take such other actions as necessary or appropriate for the issuance and distribution of the rate reduction bonds pursuant to the financing order and the Treasurer and the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management may make representations and agreements for the benefit of the holders of the rate reduction bonds which are necessary or appropriate to ensure exclusion of the interest payable on the rate reduction bonds from gross income under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or any subsequent corresponding internal revenue code of the United States, as from time to time amended.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-50v — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 277a / Section 16-50v
Sec. 16-50v. Administration expenses. Assessments. Fees. Staff. Consultants. Late fees.
Status: in_force

(b) (1) Before December thirty-first of each year, the council shall review the anticipated amount of expenses attributable to energy facilities for the next fiscal year, excluding expenses under subsection (c), (d), (e), (g) or (h) of this section at a public meeting, notice of which shall be given to each person subject to assessment under this subsection, and at which interested persons shall be heard. After the meeting, the council shall determine the anticipated amount of such expenses and submit its determination to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of appropriations and the budgets of state agencies. After the committee completes its review, the council shall apportion and assess the anticipated amount of expenses among those persons having gross revenue from the sale of electric power at retail in the state in excess of one hundred thousand dollars during the preceding calendar year, in the proportion which the gross revenue of each such person bears to the aggregate gross revenues of all such persons. Each such person shall pay the assessment in three equal installments on or before July thirty-first, October thirty-first, and January thirty-first of the fiscal year. During the fiscal year the council may further apportion and assess the additional amount of such expenses as could not reasonably have been anticipated prior to the fiscal year, apportioned in the same manner after notice and hearing in the same manner. The total of such assessments for any fiscal year shall not exceed one million five hundred thousand dollars. No proceeds from any assessment under this subsection may be used by the council after June 30, 1984, for any proceedings concerning hazardous waste facilities.

(2) As used in this subdivision, “communications services” means services involving transmitting or receiving signals in the electromagnetic spectrum for a public or commercial purpose pursuant to a Federal Communications Commission license. Before December thirty-first of each year, the council shall review the anticipated amount of administrative expenses attributable to facilities used for providing communications services for the next fiscal year, excluding expenses under subsection (c), (d), (e), (g) or (h) of this section, at a public meeting, notice of which shall be given to each person subject to assessment under this subsection, and at which interested persons shall be heard. After the meeting, the council shall determine the anticipated amount of such expenses and submit its determination to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to appropriations and the budgets of state agencies. The council shall apportion and assess the anticipated amount of expenses equitably in proportion to the percentage of the council's direct costs, among those persons who (1) provide communications services or have provided communications services facilities, and (2) have come before the council in the preceding calendar year. Each such person shall pay the assessment and submit a return, on a form prescribed by the council, to the council in four equal installments, on or before July 1, 1994, and July thirty-first of each year thereafter, October 31, 1994, and October thirty-first of each year thereafter, January 31, 1995, and January thirty-first of each year thereafter, and April 30, 1995, and April thirtieth of each year thereafter. The council shall transfer all payments received pursuant to this section to the Treasurer who shall credit such payments to the Siting Council Fund. Such payments shall be considered administrative expenses recovered from communications services providers.

(c) The fee for each application for a certificate for a facility described in subdivisions (1) to (4), inclusive, of subsection (a) of section 16-50i , shall be used to meet the expenses of the council in connection with the review of, hearing on and decision on the application, including the expenses of any consultant employed by the council under subsection (d) of section 16-50n . The council shall, by regulation, adjust the fees to meet the expenses. In addition, the council may assess the applicant during the proceeding on the application and thereafter, as may be necessary to meet the expenses. The amount of any fees and assessments paid under this subsection which are in excess of the expenses of the council in reviewing and acting upon the application for which the fees and assessments were paid shall be refunded within sixty days after completion of the matter.

(d) The fee for each application for a certificate for a facility described in subdivisions (5) and (6) of subsection (a) of section 16-50i or for a determination regarding shared use of a facility used for providing communications services, as defined in subdivision (2) of subsection (b) of this section, shall be established by regulation and used for the administrative expenses of the council and its staff incurred in processing the application or determination. In the event a hearing is held on any such application or determination, the council may assess an applicant during the proceeding and thereafter for all expenses of the council in connection with the review of, hearing on and decision on such application or determination, including the expenses of any consultant employed by the council pursuant to subsection (d) of section 16-50n .

(e) With regard to any facility described in subsection (a) of section 16-50i , the council shall, by regulation, establish such filing fees and provide for such assessments as may be necessary to meet the expenses of the council and its staff in reviewing and acting upon each application for an amendment of a certificate, each statement of intent to acquire property prior to the issuance of a certificate, each petition for an advisory ruling, each notice of modification and each appeal pursuant to subsection (d) of section 16-50x . The amount of any fees and assessments paid under this subsection which are in excess of the expenses of the council in reviewing and acting upon the application, statement of intent, petition for an advisory ruling, notice of modification or appeal for which the fees and assessments were paid shall be refunded within sixty days after completion of the matter.

(f) The council shall obtain such full-time and part-time staff and consultants as may be appropriate to carry out its duties and the provisions of this chapter.

(g) The council may undertake such studies as it deems necessary to carry out its duties under subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of section 16-50t . The council shall apportion and assess its expenses for consultants, hearing facilities and stenographic reports and other reasonable and necessary expenses to carry out its duties under subsection (a) of section 16-50t among those persons having gross revenue from the sale of electric power at retail in excess of one hundred thousand dollars during the preceding calendar year, in the proportion which the gross revenue of each such person bears to the aggregate gross revenues of all such persons. Each such person shall pay the assessment within thirty days. Before incurring expenses for which assessments will be made under this subsection, the council shall review the anticipated expenses at a public meeting, notice of which shall be given to each person subject to the assessment, and at which interested persons shall be heard.

(h) With regard to any facility described in subsection (a) of section 16-50i , the council shall, by regulation, establish such fees and assessments as are necessary to meet the expenses of the council and its staff in conducting field inspections of (1) a certified project constructed pursuant to a development and management plan, or (2) a completed project for which a declaratory or advisory ruling has been issued.

(i) On and after January 1, 2008, with regard to any assessment or other charge billed by the council pursuant to this chapter, the council shall charge late fees or penalties at the rate of one and one-half per cent per month against invoiced amounts not received by the council within thirty days after the due date shown on the council's invoice.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-8b — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 277 / Section 16-8b
Sec. 16-8b. Labor disputes at public service companies. Determination of unreasonable profits during dispute. Refunds.
Status: in_force

Unreasonable profits, as determined by text and legislative history, are not measured by authorized rate of return pursuant to Sec. 16-247k, but by an incremental analysis that considers whether public utility earned profits as result of not paying labor costs at a time when service to customers was impaired. 274 C. 119.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16a-3u — Connecticut Code / Title 16a / Chapter 295 / Section 16a-3u
Sec. 16a-3u. Additional power purchase agreements re biomass facilities.
Status: in_force

(1) “Existing biomass power purchase agreement” means a power purchase agreement that: (A) (i) Was entered into by a biomass facility that is a Class I renewable energy source with an electric distribution company in the state on or before June 5, 2013, or (ii) was executed in accordance with a solicitation pursuant to section 16a-3f or 16a-3h ; and (B) was in effect as of January 1, 2024.

(2) “Eligible biomass facility” means a biomass facility that is a Class I renewable energy source and that has entered into one or more existing biomass power purchase agreements.

(3) “Additional biomass power purchase agreement” means a biomass power purchase agreement that is entered into by an eligible biomass facility and an electric distribution company pursuant to subdivision (b) of this section, for the fraction of energy, capacity and environmental attributes of an eligible biomass facility that was contracted for under an existing biomass power purchase agreement between such biomass facility and such electric distribution company.

(4) “Class I renewable energy source”, “electric distribution company” and “electric supplier” have the same meanings as provided in section 16-1 .

(b) The Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection may direct any electric distribution company to enter into one or more additional biomass power purchase agreements with any eligible biomass facility. Any such additional power purchase agreement shall be for a period of ten years. Certificates issued by the New England Power Pool Generation Information System for any Class I renewable energy sources procured by an electric distribution company pursuant to this section may be: (1) Sold into the New England Power Pool Generation Information System renewable energy credit market to be used by any electric supplier or electric distribution company to meet the requirements of section 16-245a , provided the revenues from such sale are credited to all customers of the contracting electric distribution company; or (2) retained by such electric distribution company to meet the requirements of section 16-245a . In considering whether to sell or retain such certificates, the company shall select the option that is in the best interest of such company's ratepayers.

(c) Any additional biomass power purchase agreement entered into pursuant to subsection (b) of this section shall be subject to review and approval by the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority. Such electric distribution company shall file an application for the approval of any such additional biomass power purchase agreement with the authority. The authority shall issue a decision not later than one hundred eighty days after any such filing. If the authority does not issue a decision within one hundred eighty days after such filing, such additional biomass power purchase agreement shall be deemed approved.

(d) The net costs of any such agreement, including costs incurred by the electric distribution companies under the agreement and reasonable costs incurred by any electric distribution company in connection with the agreement, shall be recovered through a fully reconciling component of electric rates for all customers of such electric distribution company.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-243dd — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-243dd
Sec. 16-243dd. Energy storage project proposals.
Status: in_force

(b) In making any selection of such proposals, the commissioner shall consider factors, including, but not limited to, (1) whether the proposal is in the best interest of ratepayers, including, but not limited to, the delivered price of such sources, (2) whether the proposal promotes electric distribution system reliability, including during winter peak demand, (3) any positive impacts on the state's economic development, (4) whether the proposal is consistent with the requirements to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in accordance with section 22a-200a , and (5) whether the proposal is consistent with the policy goals outlined in the Comprehensive Energy Strategy adopted pursuant to section 16a-3d and the Integrated Resources Plan adopted pursuant to section 16a-3a . In considering whether a proposal has any positive impacts on the state's economic development, the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection shall consult with the Commissioner of Economic and Community Development.

(c) Any agreement entered into pursuant to this section shall be subject to review and approval by the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority, which review shall be completed not later than one hundred twenty days after the date on which such agreement is filed with the authority. The authority shall approve any such agreement if it is cost effective and in the best interest of electric ratepayers. The net costs of any such agreement, including costs incurred by the electric distribution companies under the agreement and reasonable costs incurred by the electric distribution companies in connection with the agreement, shall be recovered through a fully reconciling component of electric rates for all customers of electric distribution companies. Any net revenues from the sale of products purchased in accordance with long-term contracts entered into pursuant to this section shall be credited to customers through the same fully reconciling rate component for all customers of the contracting electric distribution company.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-24a — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 277 / Section 16-24a
Sec. 16-24a. Low-income discounted rates for electric and gas service.
Status: in_force

(b) The department shall determine which, if any, of its programs shall be modified, terminated or have their funding reduced because such program beneficiaries would benefit more by the establishment of a low-income or discount rate. The department shall establish a rate reduction that is equal to the anticipated funds transferred from the programs modified, terminated or reduced by the department pursuant to this section and the reduced cost of providing service to those eligible for such discounted or low-income rates, any available energy assistance and other sources of coverage for such rates, including, but not limited to, generation available through the electricity purchasing pool operated by the department. The department may issue recommendations regarding programs administered by the Department of Social Services.

(c) The department shall order (1) filing by each electric distribution company of proposed rates consistent with the department's decision pursuant to subsection (a) of this section not later than sixty days after its issuance; and (2) appropriate modification of existing low-income programs.

(d) The cost of low-income and discounted rates and related outreach activities pursuant to this section shall be paid (1) through the normal rate-making procedures of the department, (2) on a semiannual basis through the systems benefits charge for an electric distribution company, and (3) solely from the funds of the programs modified, terminated or reduced by the department pursuant to this section and the reduced cost of providing service to those eligible for such discounted or low-income rates, any available energy assistance and other sources of coverage for such rates, including, but not limited to, generation available through the electricity purchasing pool operated by the department.

(e) On or before February 1, 2012, the department shall report, in accordance with section 11-4a , to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to energy regarding the benefits and costs of the low-income or discounted rates established pursuant to subsection (a) of this section, including, but not limited to, possible impacts on existing customers who qualify for state assistance, and any recommended modifications. If the low-income rate is not less than ninety per cent of the standard service rate, the department shall include in its report steps to achieve that goal.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16a-40l — Connecticut Code / Title 16a / Chapter 298 / Section 16a-40l
Sec. 16a-40l. Residential heating equipment financing program. Definitions. Energy savings infrastructure pilot program. Financial incentives. Loans.
Status: in_force

(b) Any customer who participates in the financing program established pursuant to this section may repay such financing as part of such customer's monthly gas or electric distribution company bill. Said program may be funded by the residential financing program offered by the Energy Efficiency Fund or the Clean Energy Fund established pursuant to section 16-245n .

(c) “Eligible entity” means (1) any residential, commercial, institutional or industrial customer of an electric distribution company or natural gas company, as defined in section 16-1 , who employs or installs an eligible in-state energy savings technology, (2) an energy service company certified as a Connecticut electric efficiency partner by the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection, or (3) an installer certified by the Connecticut Green Bank.

(d) “Energy savings infrastructure” means tangible equipment, installation, labor, cost of engineering, permits, application fees and other reasonable costs incurred by eligible entities for operating eligible in-state energy savings technologies designed to reduce electricity consumption, natural gas consumption, heating oil consumption or promote combined heat and power systems.

(e) The Department of Energy and Environmental Protection shall establish an energy savings infrastructure pilot program consisting of financial incentives for the installation of combined heat and power systems, energy efficient heating oil burners, boilers and furnaces and natural gas boilers and furnaces by eligible entities. On or before June 30, 2014, the department shall evaluate the efficacy of the program established pursuant to this section.

(f) On or before October 1, 2011, the department shall begin accepting applications for financial incentives for combined heat and power systems of not more than one megawatt of power. To qualify for such financial incentives, such combined heat and power system shall reduce energy costs at an amount equal to or greater than the amount of the installation cost of the system within ten years of the installation. The department shall review the current market conditions for such systems, including any existing federal or state financial incentives, and determine the appropriate financial incentives under this program necessary to encourage installation of such systems. Such financial incentives may include providing private financial institutions with loan loss protection or grants to lower borrowing costs. Financial incentives pursuant to this subdivision shall not exceed two hundred dollars per kilowatt. A project accepted for such incentives shall qualify for a waiver of (1) the backup power rate under section 16-243o , and (2) the requirement to provide baseload electricity under section 16-243i . Any purchase of natural gas for any combined heat and power system installed pursuant to this subdivision shall not include a distribution charge pursuant to section 16-243 l .

(g) On or before December 31, 2011, the department shall begin accepting applications for financial incentives for the installation of more efficient fuel oil and natural gas boilers and furnaces that replace existing boilers or furnaces that are not less than seven years old with an efficiency rating of not more than seventy-five per cent. A qualifying fuel oil furnace shall have an efficiency rating of not less than eighty-six per cent. A qualifying fuel oil boiler shall have an efficiency rating of not less than eighty-six per cent with temperature reset controls. A qualifying natural gas boiler shall have an annual fuel utilization efficiency rating of not less than ninety per cent and a qualifying natural gas furnace shall have an annual fuel utilization efficiency rating of not less than ninety-five per cent. The department shall review the current market conditions for such systems and equipment upgrades, including, but not limited to, any existing federal or state financial incentives, and establish the appropriate financial incentives under this program necessary to encourage such upgrades. Financial incentives shall provide private financial institutions with loan loss protection or grants to lower borrowing costs and, if the department deems it necessary, grants to the lending financial institution to lower borrowing costs and allow for a ten-year loan. Such financial incentive package shall ensure that the annual loan payment by the applicant shall be at not more than the projected annual energy savings less one hundred dollars. Any loan provided as a financial incentive pursuant to this subsection shall include the cost of any related incentives, as determined by the department. The department shall arrange with an electric distribution or gas company to provide for payment of any loan made as financial assistance under this subsection through the loan recipient's monthly electric or gas bill, as applicable.

(h) Eligible entities seeking a loan under the loan program established in this section shall (1) contract with Connecticut-based licensed contractors, installers or tradesmen for the installation of an eligible in-state energy savings technology; (2) provide evidence of the cost of purchase and installation of the eligible in-state energy savings technology; and (3) periodically provide evidence of the operation and functionality of the eligible in-state energy savings technology to ensure that such technology is operating as intended during the term of the loan.

(i) The department shall develop a prescriptive one-page loan application. Such application shall include, but not be limited to: (1) Detailed information, specifications and documentation of the eligible in-state energy technology's installed costs and projected energy savings, and (2) for requests for loans in excess of one hundred thousand dollars, certification by a licensed professional engineer, licensed contractor, installer or tradesman with a state license held in good standing.

(j) On or before October 1, 2011, the department shall establish a plan that includes procedures and parameters for its energy savings infrastructure pilot program established pursuant to this section.

(k) On or before October 1, 2014, the department shall, in accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a , report to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to energy with regard to the projects assisted by the energy savings infrastructure pilot program established pursuant to this section, the amount of public funding, the energy savings from the technologies installed and any recommendations for changes to the program, including, but not limited to, incentives that encourage consumers to install more efficient fuel oil and natural gas boilers and furnaces prior to failure or gross inefficiency of their current heating system.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16a-47c — Connecticut Code / Title 16a / Chapter 298 / Section 16a-47c
Sec. 16a-47c. State-wide energy efficiency and outreach account.
Status: in_force

(b) The moneys in said account shall be expended by the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority for the purpose of carrying out the requirements of sections 16a-47a , 16a-47b and 16a-47d .
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-6a — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 277 / Section 16-6a
Sec. 16-6a. Participation in proceedings before federal agencies and federal courts. Expenses.
Status: in_force

(b) For any proceeding before the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, the United States Department of Energy or the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, or appeal thereof, the Attorney General, upon request of the authority, may retain outside legal counsel in accordance with section 3-125 to participate in such proceedings on behalf of the authority. All reasonable and proper expenses of such outside legal counsel shall be borne by the public service companies, certified telecommunications providers, electric suppliers or gas registrants that are affected by the decisions of such proceedings and shall be paid at such times and in such manner as the authority directs, provided such expenses shall be apportioned in proportion to the revenues of each affected entity as reported to the authority for purposes of section 16-49 for the most recent period, and provided further such expenses shall not exceed two hundred fifty thousand dollars per proceeding, including any appeals thereof, in any calendar year unless the authority finds good cause for exceeding the limit and the affected entities have an opportunity, after reasonable notice, to comment on the proposed overage. All such legal expenses shall be recognized by the authority as proper business expenses of the affected entities for rate-making purposes, as provided in section 16-19e , if applicable.

(c) For any proceeding before the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, the United States Department of Energy, the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Federal Trade Commission, the United States Department of Justice or the Federal Communications Commission, or appeal thereof, the Attorney General, upon request of the Office of Consumer Counsel, may retain outside legal counsel in accordance with section 3-125 to participate in such proceedings on behalf of the office, provided the work performed on behalf of the office shall not include lobbying activities, as defined in 2 USC 1602. All reasonable and proper expenses of such outside legal counsel shall be borne by the public service companies, certified telecommunications providers, electric suppliers or gas registrants that are affected by the decisions of such proceedings and shall be paid at such times and in such manner as the office directs, provided such expenses shall be apportioned in proportion to the revenues of each affected entity as reported to the authority for purposes of section 16-49 for the most recent period, and provided further such expenses shall not exceed two hundred fifty thousand dollars, including any appeals thereof, in any calendar year. The Public Utilities Regulatory Authority shall recognize all such legal expenses as proper business expenses of the affected entities for rate-making purposes, as provided in section 16-19e , if applicable.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16a-23 — Connecticut Code / Title 16a / Chapter 296 / Section 16a-23
Sec. 16a-23. Gasoline supplied to franchised and independent distributors. Equal treatment. Enforcement.
Status: in_force

(b) It shall constitute, prima facie, a violation of the provisions of subsection (a) of this section for any such person (1) during any calendar month beginning after July 1, 1973, to deliver to independent retail distributors of gasoline in this state a percentage of the total gallons of gasoline delivered by him to all retail distributors of gasoline in this state during that month which is lower than the percentage of the total gallons of gasoline delivered by him to all retail distributors of gasoline in this state during the period from July 1, 1971, to June 30, 1972, which was delivered by him to independent retail distributors of gasoline in this state during that period, or (2) to sell gasoline to independent retail distributors of gasoline in this state at a price during any such month which is greater than (A) the average price at which he sold gasoline to such distributors during the period from July 1, 1971, to June 30, 1972, increased by (B) a percentage equal to the percentage by which the average price for gasoline sold during that month to retail distributors of gasoline which are wholly owned by, or operated under a franchise granted by, that person exceeds the average price for gasoline sold to such distributors during the period from July 1, 1971, to June 30, 1972.

(c) A violation of the provisions of subsection (a) of this section constitutes an unfair trade practice within the provisions of chapter 735a.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-247a — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-247a
Sec. 16-247a. Goals of the state. Definitions.
Status: in_force

(b) As used in sections 16-247a to 16-247c , inclusive, 16-247e to 16-247h , inclusive, 16-247k , and sections 16-247m to 16-247r , inclusive:

(1) “Affiliate” means a person, firm or corporation which, with another person, firm or corporation, is under the common control of the same parent firm or corporation.

(2) “Competitive service” means (A) a telecommunications service deemed competitive in accordance with the provisions of section 16-247f , (B) a telecommunications service reclassified by the authority as competitive in accordance with the provisions of section 16-247f , or (C) a new telecommunications service provided under a competitive service tariff accepted by the authority, in accordance with the provisions of section 16-247f , provided the authority has not subsequently reclassified the service set forth in subparagraph (A), (B) or (C) of this subdivision as noncompetitive pursuant to section 16-247f .

(3) “Emerging competitive service” means (A) a telecommunications service reclassified as emerging competitive in accordance with the provisions of section 16-247f , or (B) a new telecommunications service provided under an emerging competitive service tariff accepted by the authority, in accordance with the provisions of section 16-247f , or of a plan for an alternative form of regulation approved pursuant to section 16-247k , provided the authority has not subsequently reclassified the service set forth in subparagraph (A) or (B) of this subdivision as competitive or noncompetitive pursuant to section 16-247f .

(4) “Noncompetitive service” means (A) a telecommunications service deemed noncompetitive in accordance with the provisions of section 16-247f , (B) a telecommunications service reclassified by the authority as noncompetitive in accordance with the provisions of section 16-247f , or (C) a new telecommunications service provided under a noncompetitive service tariff accepted by the authority, in accordance with the provisions of section 16-19 , and any applicable regulations, or of a plan for an alternative form of regulation approved pursuant to section 16-247k , provided the authority has not subsequently reclassified the service set forth in subparagraph (A), (B) or (C) of this subdivision as competitive or emerging competitive pursuant to section 16-247f .

(5) “Private telecommunications service” means any telecommunications service which is not provided for public hire as a common carrier service and is utilized solely for the telecommunications needs of the person that controls such service and any subsidiary or affiliate thereof, except for telecommunications service which enables two entities other than such person, subsidiary or affiliate to communicate with each other.

(6) “Telecommunications service” means any transmission in one or more geographic areas (A) between or among points specified by the user, (B) of information of the user's choosing, (C) without change in the form or content of the information as sent and received, (D) by means of electromagnetic transmission, including but not limited to, fiber optics, microwave and satellite, (E) with or without benefit of any closed transmission medium, and (F) including all instrumentalities, facilities, apparatus and services, except customer premises equipment, which are used for the collection, storage, forwarding, switching and delivery of such information and are essential to the transmission.

(7) “Network elements” means “network elements”, as defined in 47 USC 153(a)(29).

See Sec. 53a-261a re location of an offense committed by means of communication transmitted by use of a telecommunications service.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-264 — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 284 / Section 16-264
Sec. 16-264. Filing of certificate of public convenience. Eminent domain.
Status: in_force

See Sec. 16-280 re filing of copy of certificate with Secretary of the State.

Cited. 138 C. 370. Act held constitutional; taking of temporary interest in land is authorized. Id., 582.

Cited. 20 CS 51.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-262y — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-262y
Sec. 16-262y. Water company revenue adjustment mechanism.
Status: in_force

(b) (1) The authority shall not render any draft or final decision in a general rate case of a water company pending before the authority on June 5, 2013, without approving a revenue adjustment mechanism for such company.

(2) After approval of a revenue adjustment mechanism pursuant to subdivision (1) of this subsection, such mechanism shall be authorized by the authority annually thereafter until such time as such company files its next general rate case. Such company shall file with the authority an annual reconciliation of actual revenues to allowed revenues that shall include a report of the changes in water demands and any measures such company has taken to promote water conservation.

(c) (1) On or after June 5, 2013, and before a water company with actual revenues at least one per cent less than allowed revenues files for its next general rate case pursuant to section 16-19 , such company may request, and the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority shall initiate, a docket for a limited reopener to approve a revenue adjustment mechanism.

(2) After approval of a revenue adjustment mechanism pursuant to subdivision (1) of this subsection, such mechanism shall be authorized by the authority annually thereafter until the later of the sixth year after either (A) the last general rate case, (B) the initial establishment of such mechanism by a company, or (C) the company's prior rate case is reopened and either (i) rate levels are reset by the authority, (ii) WICA surcharges are rolled into base rates, or (iii) other authorized changes in rates are made pursuant to a settlement agreement or other action by the authority. After such six-year period, the authority may authorize continuation of the revenue adjustment mechanism for up to an additional three-year period upon request by the company, pursuant to a filing with the authority at least ninety days before the revenue adjustment mechanism is due to be discontinued. The authority shall act on such request within such ninety-day period in an uncontested proceeding. Such company shall file with the authority an annual reconciliation of actual revenues to allowed revenues that shall include a report of the changes in water demands and any measures such company has taken to promote water conservation. As used in this section, “WICA” has the same meaning as “Water Infrastructure and Conservation Adjustment (WICA)”, as provided in section 16-262v .

(d) (1) A water company may request during a general rate case filed pursuant to section 16-19 , and the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority shall approve, a revenue adjustment mechanism.

(2) After approval of a revenue adjustment mechanism pursuant to subdivision (1) of this subsection, such mechanism shall be authorized by the authority annually thereafter until such time as such company files its next general rate case. Such company shall file with the authority an annual reconciliation of actual revenues to allowed revenues that shall include a report of the changes in water demands and any measures such company has taken to promote water conservation.

(e) A revenue adjustment mechanism approved pursuant to subsection (b), (c) or (d) of this section shall be implemented through a modification to the authorized rates or a rate surcharge or recorded as a deferral on the balance sheet for recovery in rates at the time of the next general rate case filed by a water company pursuant to section 16-19 . Any under-recovery or over-recovery of the revenue adjustment or deferred amount of the previous year shall be included in the calculation of the subsequent annual adjustment or general rate case proceeding, whichever occurs first.

(f) Concurrent with implementation of a revenue adjustment mechanism pursuant to subsection (b), (c) or (d) of this section, the authority shall establish an earnings sharing mechanism that provides for any earnings in excess of the allowed return on equity to be shared equally between ratepayers and shareholders.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16a-37t — Connecticut Code / Title 16a / Chapter 298 / Section 16a-37t
Sec. 16a-37t. Benchmarking energy and water consumption in state buildings.
Status: in_force

(b) On or before April 1, 2014, the department may benchmark energy and water consumption of all residential buildings owned or operated by the state or any state agency with a gross floor area of ten thousand square feet or more using the United States Environmental Protection Agency's Energy Star Portfolio Manager. On or before July 1, 2014, the department shall make public information from said Portfolio Manager for all such residential buildings.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16a-39 — Connecticut Code / Title 16a / Chapter 298 / Section 16a-39
Sec. 16a-39. Lighting standards for public buildings. Regulations. Inspections. Lighting grants to municipalities.
Status: in_force

(1) “Public building” means any building or portion thereof, other than an “exempted building”, which is open to the public during normal business hours, including (A) any building which provides facilities or shelter for public assembly, (B) any inn, hotel, motel, sports arena, supermarket, transportation terminal, retail store, restaurant, or other commercial establishment which provides services or retails merchandise, and (C) any building owned or leased by the state of Connecticut or any political subdivision thereof, or by another state or political subdivision thereof and located in Connecticut, including libraries, museums, schools, hospitals, auditoriums, sports arenas and university buildings;

(2) “Exempted building” means (A) any building whose peak design rate of energy usage for all purposes is less than one watt per square foot of floor area for all purposes, (B) any building with neither a heating nor cooling system, and (C) any building owned or leased in whole or in part by the United States;

(3) “Commissioner” means the Commissioner of Administrative Services or his designee; and

(4) “Eligible building” means a building owned by a municipality, located within the state and not used for public education purposes.

(b) The commissioner, after consultation with the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection and with such advisory board as the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection may appoint, shall adopt, in accordance with chapter 54, regulations establishing lighting standards for all public buildings. The members of any such advisory board shall receive neither compensation nor expenses for the performance of their duties.

(c) The lighting standards adopted pursuant to subsection (b) of this section shall provide for the maximum feasible energy efficiency of lighting equipment commensurate with other factors relevant to lighting levels and equipment, including, but not limited to, the purposes of the lighting, reasonable economic considerations in terms both of initial capital costs and of operating costs including nonenergy operating costs, reasonable budgetary considerations in terms of the feasibility of implementing changes which require a significant capital expenditure in a given time period, any constraints imposed on lighting equipment by the nature of the activities being carried out in the facility involved, considerations involving historic preservation or unusual architectural features, the amount of remaining useful lifetime which a particular structure would be expected to enjoy and the size of the building or portion of the building involved.

(d) The commissioner shall, upon the adoption of the regulations required by subsection (b) of this section, make random inspections of public buildings to monitor compliance with the standards established by such regulations. The commissioner may also inspect any public buildings against which complaints alleging violation of such standards have been received. The operator of a public building or portion thereof shall provide access to such inspectors at any reasonable time, including all times during which the facility is open to the public. If an inspector is denied access to a public building for the purposes of making an inspection in accordance with the provisions of this section, the commissioner may apply to the superior court for the judicial district wherein such building is located for injunctive or other equitable relief. If upon inspection it is determined that the lighting levels in a public building do not conform to such standards, the inspector shall make available to the owner or operator of such building, information regarding such standards and the economic and energy savings expected to result from compliance therewith. The owner or operator of a public building may, after having taken appropriate measures to render such building in compliance with such standards, request a reinspection of such building by the commissioner. The commissioner may, upon such request or at his own discretion, conduct such reinspection and determine whether or not such building has been brought into compliance with such standards.

(e) The commissioner shall maintain a listing of all public buildings found to be in compliance with the lighting standards adopted pursuant to subsection (c) of this section.

(f) The Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection may award lighting grants to municipalities for the purpose of improving the energy efficiency of lighting equipment in eligible buildings. All lighting grants shall be awarded based on an application, submitted by a municipality, which sets forth the lighting conservation measures to be implemented. Such measures shall meet the standards established pursuant to subsection (b) of this section and be consistent with the state energy policy, as set forth in section 16a-35k . When evaluating the applications submitted pursuant to this section and determining the amount of a lighting grant, the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection shall consider the energy savings and the payback period for the measures to be implemented and any other information which the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection deems relevant. The funds for lighting grants shall be provided from proceeds of bonds issued for such purpose. The amount of each grant shall be not less than five thousand dollars but not more than fifty thousand dollars, provided the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection may award grants of less than five thousand dollars or more than fifty thousand dollars if the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection finds good cause to do so. All public service company incentive payments contributed to any energy conservation project at an eligible building shall be applied to pay the principal cost of such project.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-21 — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 277 / Section 16-21
Sec. 16-21. Change of rates fixed pursuant to charter or contract.
Status: in_force

Is declaratory of power already possessed by commission; power to make rates includes power to modify rate-fixing contracts; municipal charter held to give no power to fix rates on water. 101 C. 156. Application to contracts between water company and city fixing rates. 106 C. 577. Company may increase rates above those specified in contract only by petition to commission and on its finding and order. 132 C. 496. Cited. 169 C. 344.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-19f — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 277 / Section 16-19f
Sec. 16-19f. Rate design standards for electric public service companies and municipal electric companies. Determination of appropriateness. Implementation. Electric vehicle charging stations.
Status: reserved

(1) “Cost of service” means an electric utility rate for a class of consumer which is designed, to the maximum extent practicable, to reflect the cost to the utility in providing electric service to such class;

(2) “Declining block rate” means an electric utility rate for a class of consumer which prices successive blocks of electricity consumed by such consumer at lower per-unit prices;

(3) “Time of day rate” means an electric utility rate for a class of consumer which is designed to reflect the cost to the utility of providing electricity to such consumer at different times of the day;

(4) “Seasonal rate” means an electric utility rate for a class of consumer designed to reflect the cost to the utility in providing electricity to such consumer during different seasons of the year;

(5) “Electric vehicle time of day rate” means an electric utility rate for a class of consumer designed to reflect the cost to the utility of providing electricity to such consumer charging an electric vehicle at an electric vehicle charging station at different times of the day, but shall not include demand charges;

(6) “Electric vehicle charging station” means an electric component assembly or cluster of component assemblies designed specifically to charge batteries within electric vehicles by permitting the transfer of electric energy to a battery or other storage device in an electric vehicle;

(7) “Public electric vehicle charging station” means an electric vehicle charging station located at a publicly available parking space;

(8) “Publicly available parking space” means a parking space that has been designated by a property owner or lessee to be available to, and accessible by, the public and may include on-street parking spaces and parking spaces in surface lots or parking garages, but shall not include: (A) A parking space that is part of, or associated with, a private residence; (B) a parking space that is reserved for the exclusive use of an individual driver or vehicle or for a group of drivers or vehicles, such as employees, tenants, visitors, residents of a common interest development, or residents of an adjacent building; or (C) a parking space reserved for persons who are blind and persons with disabilities as described in section 14-253a ;

(9) “Interruptible rate” means an electric utility rate designed to reflect the cost to the utility in providing service to a consumer where such consumer permits his service to be interrupted during periods of peak electrical demand; and

(10) “Load management techniques” means cost-effective techniques used by an electric utility to reduce the maximum kilowatt demand on the utility.

(b) The Public Utilities Regulatory Authority, with respect to each electric public service company, shall (1) within two years, consider and determine whether it is appropriate to implement any of the following rate design standards: (A) Cost of service; (B) prohibition of declining block rates; (C) time of day rates; (D) seasonal rates; (E) interruptible rates; and (F) load management techniques, and (2) not later than June 1, 2017, consider and determine whether it is appropriate to implement electric vehicle time of day rates for residential and commercial customers. The consideration of said standards by the authority shall be made after public notice and hearing. Such hearing may be held concurrently with a hearing required pursuant to subsection (b) of section 16-19e . The authority shall make a determination on whether it is appropriate to implement any of said standards. Said determination shall be in writing, shall take into consideration the evidence presented at the hearing and shall be available to the public. A standard shall be deemed to be appropriate for implementation if such implementation would encourage energy conservation, optimal and efficient use of facilities and resources by an electric public service company and equitable rates for electric consumers.

(c) Each municipal electric company shall (1) not later than July 1, 2018, consider and determine whether it is appropriate to implement any of the following rate design standards: (A) Cost of service; (B) prohibition of declining block rates; (C) time of day rates; (D) seasonal rates; (E) interruptible rates; and (F) load management techniques, and (2) not later than June 1, 2017, consider and determine whether it is appropriate to implement electric vehicle time of day rates for residential and commercial customers. The consideration of said standards by each municipal electric company shall be made after public notice and hearing. Each municipal electric company shall make a determination on whether it is appropriate to implement any of said standards. Said determination shall be in writing, shall take into consideration the evidence presented at the hearing and shall be available to the public. A standard shall be deemed to be appropriate for implementation if such implementation would encourage energy conservation, optimal and efficient use of facilities and resources by a municipal electric company and equitable rates for electric consumers. No municipal electric company that completed such consideration and determination regarding any rate design standard or electric vehicle time of day rate before July 1, 2017, shall be required to conduct another consideration and determination regarding the same such rate design standard or electric vehicle time of day rate.

(d) The Public Utilities Regulatory Authority, with respect to each electric public service company, and each municipal electric company may implement any standard determined under subsection (b) of this section to be appropriate or decline to implement any such standard. If the authority or a municipal electric company declines to implement any standard determined to be appropriate, it shall state in writing its reasons for doing so and make such statement available to the public.

(e) The provisions of this section shall not apply to any municipal electric company which has total annual sales of electricity for purposes other than resale of five hundred million kilowatt-hours or less.

See chapter 101 re municipal electric companies.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-19ggg — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 277 / Section 16-19ggg
Sec. 16-19ggg. Public electric vehicle charging stations. Parking restrictions.
Status: in_force

(b) The owner or operator of a public electric vehicle charging station shall disclose the location and characteristics of each such public electric vehicle charging station, including, but not limited to, the address, voltage and timing restrictions, to the federal database operated by the United States Department of Energy Alternative Fuels Data Center.

(c) No person shall park in a space equipped with a public electric vehicle charging station, unless such person is operating a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle or battery electric vehicle, as defined in section 16-19eee . Violation of this subsection shall be an infraction.

(d) The owner or operator of a public electric vehicle charging station may impose restrictions on the amount of time that an electric vehicle may be charged at the charging station.

(e) (1) Owners or operators of public electric vehicle charging stations that require payment of a fee shall not require persons desiring to use such public electric vehicle charging station to pay a subscription fee or otherwise obtain a membership in any club, association or organization as a condition of using such public electric vehicle charging station.

(2) Notwithstanding subdivision (1) of this subsection, owners or operators of public electric vehicle charging stations that require payment of a fee may have different price schedules that are conditioned on a subscription or membership in a club, association or organization.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16a-3m — Connecticut Code / Title 16a / Chapter 295 / Section 16a-3m
Sec. 16a-3m. Appraisal re nuclear power generating facilities. Solicitation re zero-carbon electricity generating resources.
Status: in_force

(1) “Best interest of ratepayers” means the benefits of a contract or proposal outweigh the costs to electric ratepayers, based on whether the delivered prices of sources included in such contract or proposal are less than the forecasted price of energy and capacity, as determined by the commissioner or the commissioner's designee, and based on a consideration of the following factors, as determined by the commissioner or the commissioner's designee: (A) Impacts on electric system operations and reliability; (B) the extent to which such contract or proposal will contribute to (i) the local sourcing requirement set by the regional independent system operator, as defined in section 16-1 , and (ii) meeting the requirements to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve air quality in accordance with sections 16-245a , 22a-174 and 22a-200a ; (C) fuel diversity; and (D) whether the proposal is aligned with the policy goals outlined in the Integrated Resources Plan developed pursuant to section 16a-3a and the Comprehensive Energy Strategy developed pursuant to section 16a-3d , including, but not limited to, environmental impacts; and

(2) “Eligible nuclear power generating facility” means a nuclear power generating facility that is located in the control area of the regional independent system operator, as defined in section 16-1 , and is licensed to operate through January 1, 2030, or later.

(b) The Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection and the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority shall (1) conduct an appraisal regarding nuclear power generating facilities in accordance with subsection (c) of this section, and (2) determine whether a solicitation process for nuclear power generating facilities shall be conducted pursuant to subsection (d) of this section. On or before February 1, 2018, the commissioner and the authority shall report, in accordance with section 11-4a , the results of the appraisal and the selection conducted pursuant to subsection (d) of this section to the General Assembly. If the General Assembly does not reject such results by a simple majority vote in each house on or before March 1, 2018, such results shall be deemed approved.

(c) The appraisal conducted pursuant to subdivision (1) of subsection (b) of this section shall assess: (1) The current economic condition of nuclear generating facilities located in the control area of the regional independent system operator, as defined in section 16-1 ; (2) the projected economic condition of nuclear power generating facilities located in the control area of the regional independent system operator, as defined in section 16-1 ; (3) the impact on the following considerations if such nuclear power generating facilities retire before July 1, 2027: (A) Electric markets, fuel diversity, energy security and grid reliability, (B) the state's greenhouse gas emissions mandated levels established pursuant to section 22a-200a , and (C) the state, regional and local economy.

(d) After completing the appraisal, if the results of such appraisal demonstrate that action is necessary, the commissioner shall act and may issue one or more solicitations, in consultation with the procurement manager identified in subsection (l) of section 16-2 and the Office of Consumer Counsel established in section 16-2a , for zero-carbon electricity generating resources, including, but not limited to, eligible nuclear power generating facilities, hydropower, Class I renewable energy sources, as defined in section 16-1 , and energy storage systems, provided (1) the total annual energy output of any proposals selected, in the aggregate, shall be not more than twelve million megawatt hours of electricity, (2) any agreement entered into pursuant to this subdivision with an eligible nuclear power generating facility or hydropower shall be for a period of not less than three years and not more than ten years, and (3) any agreement entered into pursuant to this subdivision with Class I renewable energy sources, as defined in section 16-1 , and energy storage systems shall be for a period of not more than twenty years. On or before May 1, 2018, if the results of such appraisal demonstrate that one or more solicitations pursuant to this subsection are necessary, the commissioner shall initiate such solicitation process pursuant to this subsection, in accordance with subsection (e) of this section, provided any changes made, contracts entered into or agreements entered into are in the best interest of ratepayers.

(e) (1) Any solicitation issued pursuant to subsection (d) of this section for zero-carbon electricity generating resources, including, but not limited to, eligible nuclear power generating facilities, hydropower, Class I renewable energy sources, as defined in section 16-1 , and energy storage systems, shall be for resources delivered into the control area of the regional independent system operator, as defined in section 16-1 , and any agreement entered into pursuant to subdivision (2) of this subsection shall be in the best interest of ratepayers. If the commissioner finds proposals received pursuant to such solicitations to be in the best interest of ratepayers, the commissioner may select any such proposal or proposals, provided (A) the total annual energy output of any proposals selected, in the aggregate, shall be not more than twelve million megawatt hours of electricity, (B) any agreement entered into pursuant to this subdivision with an eligible nuclear power generating facility or hydropower shall be for a period of not less than three years and not more than ten years, and (C) any agreement entered into pursuant to this subdivision with Class I renewable energy sources, as defined in section 16-1 , and energy storage systems shall be for a period of not more than twenty years.

(2) If the commissioner has made the determination and finding pursuant to subdivision (1) of this subsection, the commissioner shall, on behalf of all customers of electric distribution companies, direct the electric distribution companies to enter into agreements for energy, capacity and any environmental attributes, or any combination thereof, from proposals submitted pursuant to this subdivision.

(3) Any agreement entered into pursuant to subdivision (2) of this subsection shall be subject to review and approval by the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority. The electric distribution company shall file an application for the approval of any such agreement with the authority. The authority's review shall commence upon the filing of the signed power purchase agreement with the authority. The authority shall approve agreements that it determines (A) provide for the delivery of adequate and reliable products and services, for which there is a clear public need, at a just and reasonable price, (B) are prudent and cost effective, and (C) that the respondent to the solicitation has the technical, financial and managerial capabilities to perform pursuant to such agreement. For any eligible nuclear power generating facility selected in any solicitation described in subsection (g) of this section, the authority shall require any such agreement to be conditioned upon the approval of such a power purchase agreement or other agreement for energy, capacity and any environmental attributes, or any combination thereof, with such eligible nuclear power generating facility, in at least two other states, by the applicable officials of such states or by electric utilities or other entities designated by the applicable officials of such states. The authority shall issue a decision not later than one hundred eighty days after such filing. If the authority does not issue a decision within one hundred eighty days after such filing, the agreement shall be deemed approved. The net costs of any such agreement, including costs incurred by the electric distribution company under the agreement and reasonable costs incurred by the electric distribution company in connection with the agreement, shall be recovered on a timely basis through a nonbypassable fully reconciling component of electric rates for all customers of the electric distribution company. Any net revenues from the sale of products purchased in accordance with long-term contracts entered into pursuant to this subsection shall be credited to customers through the same nonbypassable fully reconciling rate component for all customers of the contracting electric distribution company.

(f) Each person owning and operating a nuclear power generating facility in the state shall pay a pro rata share of all reasonable costs associated with the department's appraisal pursuant to subsection (c) of this section, determination pursuant to subsection (d) of this section, and actions taken pursuant to subsection (e) of this section in an amount not to exceed one million dollars.

(g) Any solicitation issued pursuant to this section on or after July 1, 2024, for eligible nuclear power generating facilities shall be conducted in coordination with two or more other states in the control area of the regional independent system operator, as defined in section 16-1 . The commissioner may not direct any electric distribution company to enter into an agreement with an eligible nuclear power generating facility pursuant to this section unless the applicable officials of at least two such states select a proposal for energy, capacity and any environmental attributes, or any combination thereof, from an eligible nuclear power generating facility in response to such coordinated solicitation. The commissioner may revise the appraisal conducted pursuant to subsections (b) and (c) of this section in a manner determined by the commissioner and in furtherance of any such solicitation, at the commissioner's discretion.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16a-22m — Connecticut Code / Title 16a / Chapter 296 / Section 16a-22m
Sec. 16a-22m. Residential propane service termination.
Status: in_force

(b) As used in this section, (1) “eligible residential propane customer” means a residential propane customer (A) who receives local, state or federal public assistance, (B) whose sole source of financial support is Social Security, United States Department of Veterans Affairs or unemployment compensation benefits, (C) who is head of the household and is unemployed, and the household income is less than three hundred per cent of the poverty level determined by the federal government, (D) who is seriously ill or who has a household member who is seriously ill, (E) whose income falls below two hundred per cent of the poverty level determined by the federal government, or (F) whose circumstances threaten a deprivation of food and the necessities of life for himself or dependent children if payment of a delinquent bill is required; and (2) “household income” means the combined income over a twelve-month period of the customer and all adults, except children of the customer, who are and have been members of the household for six months, or more.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16a-100 — Connecticut Code / Title 16a / Chapter 298a / Section 16a-100
Sec. 16a-100. (Formerly Sec. 19-404). Declaration of policy.
Status: in_force

(b) The state of Connecticut recognizes that the development of industries producing or utilizing atomic energy may result in new conditions calling for changes in the laws of the state and in regulations issued thereunder with respect to health and safety, working conditions, workers' compensation, transportation, public utilities, life, health, accident, fire and casualty insurance, the conservation of natural resources, including wildlife, and the protection of streams, rivers and airspace from pollution, and therefore declares the policy of the state to be (1) to adapt its laws and regulations to meet the new conditions in ways that will encourage the healthy development of industries producing or utilizing atomic energy while at the same time protecting the public interest; (2) to initiate continuing studies of the need for changes in the relevant laws and regulations of the state by the respective agencies of the state which are responsible for their administration; (3) to assure the coordination of the studies thus undertaken, particularly with other atomic industrial development activities of the state and with the development and regulatory activities of other states and of the government of the United States; and (4) to cooperate with the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the states in promoting the uniformity of radiation laws and regulations, the administration and enforcement of such laws and regulations.

Cited. 243 C. 66.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-50z — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 277a / Section 16-50z
Sec. 16-50z. Acquisition of real property for transmission facility. Regulations. Public service company acquisition of residential real property by condemnation.
Status: in_force

(b) A person engaged in the transmission of electric power or fuel in the state may acquire real property, and exercise any right of eminent domain, granted by the general statutes or any special act therefor, for (1) relocation of a transmission facility or right-of-way required by a public highway project or other governmental action; (2) acquisition of additional rights or title to property already subject to an easement or other rights for electric transmission or distribution lines; or (3) widening a portion, not exceeding one mile in length, of a transmission right-of-way for reasons of safety or convenience of the public.

(c) When a public service company intends to acquire residential real property by condemnation, the company shall notify the owner of the property not less than sixty days prior to the intended date of condemnation, by certified mail, with the envelope marked in not less than twelve-point size bold type, as follows: “NOTICE REGARDING POTENTIAL CONDEMNATION OF YOUR PROPERTY”. The company shall include in its notifications under this section to the owner of its intention to acquire such property by condemnation, a statement that the owner may bring the issue of the purpose for which the property is being acquired to the Connecticut Siting Council. If the owner of such property disputes the company's need to acquire such property, the owner may bring the issue of the purpose for which the property is being acquired to the Connecticut Siting Council not later than thirty days after the date on which the owner receives notice of the potential condemnation of property pursuant to this section. Upon written request by the owner, the council shall initiate a proceeding to determine whether the proposed taking is necessary and consistent with the provisions of section 16a-35k . The council shall (1) provide the owner of the property and the public service company with notice of the proceeding, (2) hold a hearing in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54 as part of such a proceeding, and (3) render a decision upon the record not later than ninety days following the council's receipt of the written request for such a proceeding, provided the parties may agree to a longer period, which decision shall state whether the proposed taking is necessary and consistent with the provisions of section 16a-35k and include appropriate findings. The public service company shall pay the expenses incurred by the council in conducting a proceeding pursuant to this subsection. If a public service company and the owner of real property agree that the proposed taking is necessary and consistent with the provisions of section 16a-35k but cannot agree on fair compensation for the property, or if the public service company or owner disagrees with the decision of the council regarding whether the proposed taking is necessary and consistent with the provisions of section 16a-35k , the public service company or the owner may petition the Superior Court to determine the issue in question. Such a petition shall be submitted to the superior court for the judicial district in which the property is located.

(d) A public service company which acquires residential real property by condemnation shall pay to the owner of such property (1) the fair market value of such property, (2) reasonable moving expenses incurred by the owner, provided if the owner moves beyond a two-hundred-mile radius of such property, the company shall pay the reasonable moving expenses that would have been incurred by the owner if the owner had moved within a two-hundred-mile radius of such property, and (3) any other expenses as ordered by a court.

Section distinguishes between acquiring property and exercising “any right of eminent domain”. 35 CS 303.

Subsec. (a):

Legislative history indicates “acquire” means “purchase”; authority to condemn to be strictly construed in favor of owner. 35 CS 303.

Subsec. (b):

“Acquire” and “eminent domain” distinguished. 35 CS 303.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-258a — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-258a
Sec. 16-258a. Registration of natural gas sellers. Procedures. Penalties.
Status: in_force

(b) Each person registered with the authority shall: (1) Maintain a bond or other security for at least the registration period or longer in amount and form approved by the authority, to ensure the person's financial responsibility and its supply of natural gas to end use customers in accordance with contracts, agreements or arrangements; (2) have a contractual relationship with an entity or entities to purchase natural gas supply; (3) comply with the National Labor Relations Act and regulations, if applicable; (4) comply with the Connecticut Unfair Trade Practices Act and applicable regulations; and (5) agree to cooperate with (A) each gas company, (B) each municipal gas utility established under chapter 101 or any other gas utility owned, leased, maintained, operated, managed or controlled by any unit of local government under any general statute or special act, (C) each gas pipeline or gas transmission company subject to the provisions of chapter 208, (D) the authority, and (E) all other gas suppliers in the event of an emergency condition that may jeopardize the safety and reliability of the state's natural gas system.

(c) Each person registered with the authority shall submit to the authority by July fifteenth of each year, on a form prescribed by the authority, an update of information the authority deems relevant. Each registered person shall pay an annual registration fee to be determined by the authority which shall not exceed the actual administrative costs of the authority and provide a bond or other security as described in subdivision (1) of subsection (b) of this section. If the authority determines that a person registered with the authority has not complied with the requirements of subsection (b) or (c) of this section, the authority shall notify such person that such person's registration expires on September thirtieth of that year and such person shall no longer be authorized to sell natural gas to an end user in the state.

(d) A registered person shall notify the authority at least ten days before a change in corporate structure that affects the person. No registration may be transferred without the prior approval of the authority. The authority may assess additional registration fees to pay the administrative costs of reviewing a request for such transfer.

(e) Any person who violates any provision of this section shall be subject to sanctions by the authority, in accordance with section 16-41 , which may include, but are not limited to, the suspension or revocation of such registration or a prohibition on accepting new customers.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-49f — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 277 / Section 16-49f
Sec. 16-49f. Verification of Social Security number prior to opening new account. Minor not liable for services fraudulently obtained using minor's Social Security number.
Status: in_force

(b) A minor shall not be liable for payment of an unpaid bill to a public service company for services fraudulently obtained by an adult using such minor's Social Security number.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-245ll — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-245ll
Sec. 16-245ll. Clean energy bonds.
Status: in_force

(b) The state of Connecticut does hereby pledge to and agree with the owners and holders of the clean energy bonds that the state shall not limit or alter the assessment of charges pursuant to subsection (b) of section 16-245n and all rights thereunder, until the clean energy bonds, together with the interest thereon, are fully met and discharged, provided nothing contained in this subsection shall preclude such limitation or alteration if and when adequate provision is made by law for the protection of the owners and holders of such bonds. The Connecticut Green Bank is authorized to include this pledge and undertaking for the state in the clean energy bonds.

(c) The clean energy bonds shall not be deemed to constitute a debt or liability of the state or of any political subdivision thereof, other than the Connecticut Green Bank, or a pledge of the full faith and credit of the state or any of its political subdivisions, other than said bank, but shall be payable solely from the funds provided under section 16-245n and shall not constitute an indebtedness of the state within the meaning of any constitutional or statutory debt limitation or restriction and accordingly shall not be subject to any statutory limitation on the indebtedness of the state and shall not be included in computing the aggregate indebtedness of the state in respect to and to the extent of any such limitation. This subsection shall not preclude bond guarantees or enhancements as provided in subsection (d) of section 16-245n . All clean energy bonds shall contain on the face thereof a statement to the following effect: “Neither the full faith and credit nor the taxing power of the State of Connecticut is pledged to the payment of the principal of, or interest on, this bond.”

(d) The exercise of the powers granted by this section and section 16-245n shall be in all respects for the benefit of the people of this state, for the increase of their commerce, welfare and prosperity, and as the exercise of such powers shall constitute the performance of an essential public function, neither the Connecticut Green Bank, any affiliate of said bank, nor any collection or other agent of said bank or any such affiliate shall be required to pay any taxes or assessments upon or in respect of any revenues or property received, acquired, transferred or used by said bank, any affiliate of said bank or any collection or other agent of said bank or any such affiliate, or upon or in respect of the income from such revenues or property. Any bonds, notes or other obligations issued under the provisions of this section, their transfer and the income therefrom, including any profit made on the sale of such bonds, notes or other obligations, shall at all times be free from taxation of every kind by the state and by the municipalities and other political subdivisions in the state except for estate and succession taxes. The interest on such bonds, notes and other obligations shall be included in the computation of any excise or franchise tax.

(e) The proceeds of any clean energy bonds shall be used for the purposes of the Connecticut Green Bank in accordance with section 16-245n .
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-331u — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 289 / Section 16-331u
Sec. 16-331u. Cable franchise authority companies' offerings, charges, privacy policy, billing and billing disputes.
Status: in_force

(b) In accordance with 47 USC 551, at the time of entering into an agreement to provide community antenna television or video service to a subscriber, a company issued a certificate of cable franchise authority shall inform the subscriber of its practices regarding the collection and use of personally identifiable customer information, including (1) the type of information collected, (2) the purposes for which it is used, (3) the extent and manner in which it is shared with unaffiliated third parties for purposes of enabling delivery of the community antenna television or video service, and (4) its procedures to ensure the subscriber's right to privacy. A holder of a certificate of cable franchise authority shall not disclose personally identifiable customer information other than anonymous or aggregate data to unaffiliated third parties for their own marketing purposes without the consent of such subscriber.

(c) A company issued a certificate of cable franchise authority shall implement an informal process for handling Public Utilities Regulatory Authority and customer inquiries, billing issues, service issues and other complaints. In the event an issue is not resolved through this informal process, a customer may request from the authority a confidential, nonbinding mediation with the company, and a designated member of the authority staff shall serve as the mediator. If the mediation is unsuccessful, the customer may file a formal complaint with the authority. The authority's sole jurisdiction over the complaint is to determine if the company is in compliance with sections 16-331q to 16-331aa , inclusive, or any other laws, regulations or orders applicable to companies holding a certificate of cable franchise authority. If the company is found to be in noncompliance, the authority shall order the company to remedy such noncompliance within a reasonable period of time. Failure to comply may subject the company to civil penalties and revocation of the certificate, as provided in section 16-331aa .

(d) A company issued a certificate of cable franchise authority shall comply with the customer service requirements of 47 CFR 76.309(c) for its community antenna television or video services. A company issued a certificate of cable franchise authority shall not be subject to any other state law or regulation or authority order to the extent it imposes customer service requirements in excess of or more stringent than 47 CFR 76.309(c).
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-245s — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-245s
Sec. 16-245s. Switching electric suppliers; procedures; penalties; regulations.
Status: in_force

(b) Third-party telephone verification shall be in accordance with the following procedures: (1) The electric supplier seeking to verify the change shall do so by connecting the customer by telephone to the third-party verification company or by arranging for the third-party verification company to call the resident to confirm the sale; and (2) the third-party verification company shall obtain the customer's oral confirmation regarding the change, and shall record that confirmation by obtaining appropriate verification data. The record shall be available to the customer upon request. Information obtained from the customer through confirmation shall not be used for marketing purposes. The verification procedure in this subsection shall not apply when a residential customer directly calls an electric distribution company to make changes in electric supplier service, provided an electric supplier shall not avoid the verification procedure by asking a residential customer to contact an electric distribution company directly to make changes in electric supplier service. For purposes of this section, “third-party verification company” means a company that: (A) Is independent from the electric supplier that seeks to provide the new service; (B) is not directly or indirectly managed, controlled or directed or owned wholly or in part by (i) an electric supplier that seeks to provide the new service, or (ii) any corporation, firm or person who directly or indirectly manages, controls or directs or owns more than five per cent of such supplier; (C) operates from facilities physically separate from those of the electric supplier that seeks to provide the new service; and (D) does not derive commissions or compensation based upon the number of sales confirmed.

(c) Any violation of this section shall be deemed an unfair or deceptive trade practice under subsection (a) of section 42-110b .

(d) The Public Utilities Regulatory Authority shall adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, to address abusive switching practices by suppliers.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16a-41h — Connecticut Code / Title 16a / Chapter 298 / Section 16a-41h
Sec. 16a-41h. Energy assistance program funded through electric distribution company, gas company and municipal utility customer donations.
Status: in_force

(2) Operation Fuel, Incorporated, shall provide fundraising inserts and remittance envelopes to retail dealers of fuel oil that volunteer to include the inserts and envelopes in their customers' bills for one or more billing cycles each year. Such retail dealers of fuel oil shall inform Operation Fuel, Incorporated, as to the number of inserts and envelopes needed to conduct such a mailing.

(3) Each electric distribution, gas or fuel oil company shall transmit all such donations received each month, as well as their own contributions, if any, to Operation Fuel, Incorporated, a state-wide nonprofit organization designed to respond to people within the state who are in financial crisis and need emergency energy assistance. Operation Fuel, Incorporated shall distribute donations to nonprofit social services agencies and private fuel banks in accordance with guidelines established by the board of directors of Operation Fuel, Incorporated, provided such funds shall be distributed on a priority basis to low-income elderly and working poor households that are not eligible for public assistance or state-administered general assistance but are faced with a financial crisis and are unable to make timely payments on winter fuel, electricity or gas bills. Such companies shall coordinate their promotions of this program, holding promotions during the same month and using similar formats.

(b) If Operation Fuel, Inc. ceases to exist, such electric distribution and gas companies shall jointly establish a nonprofit, tax-exempt corporation for the purpose of holding in trust and distributing such customer donations. The board of directors of such corporation shall consist of eleven members appointed as follows: Four by the companies, each of which shall appoint one member; one by the president pro tempore of the Senate; one by the minority leader of the Senate; one by the speaker of the House of Representatives; one by the minority leader of the House of Representatives; and three by the Governor. The board shall distribute such funds to nonprofit organizations and social service agencies which provide emergency energy or fuel assistance. The board shall target available funding on a priority basis to low-income elderly and working poor households which are not eligible for public assistance or state-administered general assistance but are faced with a financial crisis and are unable to make timely payments on winter fuel, electricity or gas bills.

(c) Not later than the first of September annually, Operation Fuel, Inc. shall submit to the General Assembly a report on the implementation of this section. Such report shall include, (1) a summary of the effectiveness of the program, (2) the total amount of the donations received by electric distribution and gas companies and transmitted to Operation Fuel, Inc. under subsection (b) of this section, and (3) an accounting of the distribution of such funds by Operation Fuel, Inc. indicating the organizations and agencies receiving funds, the amounts received and distributed by each such organization and agency and the number of households each assisted. On and after October 1, 1996, the report shall be submitted to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to energy and, upon request, to any member of the General Assembly. A summary of the report shall be submitted to each member of the General Assembly if the summary is two pages or less and a notification of the report shall be submitted to each member if the summary is more than two pages. Submission shall be by mailing the report, summary or notification to the legislative address of each member of the committee or the General Assembly, as applicable.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16a-13a — Connecticut Code / Title 16a / Chapter 295 / Section 16a-13a
Sec. 16a-13a. Levels of energy consumption considered in grant or denial of exemption. Regulations.
Status: in_force

(b) The commissioner may adopt regulations, in accordance with chapter 54, which establish procedures for documenting past levels of energy consumption or changes therein for the purposes of an exemption under said section 16a-13 .

(c) The commissioner may grant an exemption if he determines that the person seeking the exemption has fulfilled the conditions contained in such regulations. The regulations shall permit exemption: (1) In cases where the applicant documents an absolute reduction in energy consumption over such periods of time as the regulations may establish, which periods may vary for different categories of persons, and the reduction is the result of physical or behavioral changes or adjustments undertaken for energy conservation purposes and not from changes or modifications undertaken for other purposes, such as alterations in building size, extent or type of production capacity or utilization thereof, or changes in the nature or number of work force employed, which changes were not undertaken for energy conservation purposes; or (2) in cases where the applicant documents that his consumption of energy is substantially less than that of other persons in like circumstances over such period of time as the regulations may establish, which periods may vary for different categories of persons, and the level of consumption is due to physical or behavioral factors, changes or adjustments, undertaken for energy conservation purposes and not from factors, changes or modifications not so related.

(d) The regulations may provide that reductions in or levels of energy consumption which occur subsequent to the proclamation of an energy emergency pursuant to section 16a-11 or section 16a-12 shall not constitute the basis for exemption unless the reductions are due solely to actions undertaken prior to such proclamation.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-235 — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-235
Sec. 16-235. Control by local authorities. Orders. Appeals.
Status: in_force

Telephone and railway companies may use the same pole for wires. 70 C. 54. Consent of adjoining proprietors need not precede action by municipal authorities; whether action by municipal authority on petition is mandatory, quaere. 71 C. 381. Charter power to construct underground conduits held to leave power of regulation with local authorities. Id., 657. Contract permitting telephone company to use poles belonging to city construed. 74 C. 326. Power of municipalities to regulate wires and fixtures of street railway; appeal. 80 C. 623. Zoning commission acts as special agency of the state and is empowered to issue orders regulating and restricting subject to appeal to public utilities commission; constitutionality upheld. 140 C. 650; 145 C. 243. If order is on records of zoning commission, it is properly recorded; personal service need only be made on those under duty to comply with order; provisions re recording and notice of order are directory; standard used by zoning commission should be that used in public utility regulation; contract commitments of public utility outside franchise area held valid consideration for public utility commission's finding. Id. Zoning board of appeals may hear request of public service company for extension of nonconforming use and in such capacity acts as special agency of state. 147 C. 229. Cited. 149 C. 101. This is not a condemnation statute. 152 C. 688. Claim that, for purposes of Sec. 16-236, phrase “anything done” under this section is restricted to case where there has been a physical invasion of plaintiff's property is without merit. Id., 690. Boards of zoning or selectmen do not have power to regulate power transmission lines over private property. 161 C. 430. Cited. 162 C. 53. Jurisdiction of water resources commission over transmission lines above rivers. Id., 89. Cited. Id., 93; 206 C. 65.

Cited. 20 CA 474.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-331bb — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 289 / Section 16-331bb
Sec. 16-331bb. Municipal video competition trust account.
Status: in_force

(b) The Comptroller shall deposit into the municipal video competition trust account, established pursuant to this section, a sum not to exceed five million dollars per fiscal year from the gross earnings tax imposed on certified competitive video service providers pursuant to section 12-256 .

(c) (1) The amount to be distributed to each town from said account shall be a proportional part of the total amount of such distribution determined with respect to each town by the following ratio: The total number of subscribers to certified competitive video service located in such town at the end of the fiscal year preceding the fiscal year during which the distribution to municipalities under this section occurs shall be the numerator of the fraction, and the total number of subscribers to certified competitive video service located in all towns in this state at the end of such fiscal year shall be added together, and the sum shall be the denominator of the fraction.

(2) Any city or borough not consolidated with the town in which it is located and any town containing such a city or borough shall receive a portion of the amount allocated to such town under subdivision (1) of this subsection on the basis of the following ratio: The total property taxes levied by such town, city or borough in the most recent fiscal year for which a certified copy of an audit report is received by the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management, in accordance with section 7-393 , shall be the numerator of the fraction, and the total property taxes levied in such fiscal year by the town and all cities or boroughs located within such town shall be added together, and the sum shall be the denominator of the fraction. On and after July 1, 2009, the town in which a city or borough is located shall be entitled to retain the amount otherwise allocable to a city or borough under the provisions of this subsection if the application of such ratio results in an allocation of less than five dollars to such city or borough. Any such city or borough may, by vote of its legislative body, direct the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management to reallocate all or a portion of the share of such city or borough to the town in which it is located.

(d) Not later than September 15, 2008, and annually thereafter, the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management shall certify to the Comptroller the amount to be paid to each municipality from said account in accordance with this section and the Comptroller shall draw the Comptroller's order on the Treasurer not later than the twenty-fifth day of September in the same year. The Treasurer shall pay the respective amount to each municipality in accordance with this section on or before the thirtieth day of September in the same year.

(e) Not later than July 30, 2008, and annually thereafter, each certified competitive video service provider shall file with the Office of Policy and Management the total number of subscribers to certified competitive video service in each town and the total subscribers to certified competitive video service in all towns in this state as of the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-331h — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 289 / Section 16-331h
Sec. 16-331h. Certified competitive video service community access programming.
Status: in_force

(b) A certified competitive video service provider and a community antenna television company or nonprofit organization providing community access operations shall engage in good faith negotiation regarding interconnection of community access operations where such interconnection is technically feasible or necessary. Interconnection may be accomplished by direct cable, microwave link, satellite or other reasonable method of connection. At the request of a competitive video service provider, community antenna television company or provider of community access operations, the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority may facilitate the negotiation for such interconnection.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-232 — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-232
Sec. 16-232. Rights of companies organized under general law.
Status: in_force

Electric light and power company is a public service corporation. 84 C. 312.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-10 — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 277 / Section 16-10
Sec. 16-10. Enforcement of statutes and orders.
Status: in_force

Cited. 145 C. 526; 162 C. 51.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16a-27 — Connecticut Code / Title 16a / Chapter 297 / Section 16a-27
Sec. 16a-27. Revision of existing plan.
Status: in_force

(b) Any revision made after August 20, 2003, shall take into account (1) economic and community development needs and patterns of commerce, and (2) linkages of affordable housing objectives and land use objectives with transportation systems.

(c) Any revision made after March 1, 2006, shall (1) take into consideration risks associated with natural hazards, including, but not limited to, flooding, high winds and wildfires; (2) identify the potential impacts of natural hazards on infrastructure and property; and (3) make recommendations for the siting of future infrastructure and property development to minimize the use of areas prone to natural hazards, including, but not limited to, flooding, high winds and wildfires.

(d) Any revision made after July 1, 2005, shall describe the progress towards achievement of the goals and objectives established in the previously adopted state plan of conservation and development and shall identify (1) areas where it is prudent and feasible (A) to have compact, transit accessible, pedestrian-oriented mixed-use development patterns and land reuse, and (B) to promote such development patterns and land reuse, (2) priority funding areas designated under section 16a-35c , and (3) corridor management areas on either side of a limited access highway or a rail line. In designating corridor management areas, the secretary shall make recommendations that (A) promote land use and transportation options to reduce the growth of traffic congestion; (B) connect infrastructure and other development decisions; (C) promote development that minimizes the cost of new infrastructure facilities and maximizes the use of existing infrastructure facilities; and (D) increase intermunicipal and regional cooperation.

(e) Any revision made after October 1, 2008, shall (1) for each policy recommended (A) assign a priority; (B) estimate funding for implementation and identify potential funding sources; (C) identify each entity responsible for implementation; and (D) establish a schedule for implementation; and (2) for each growth management principle, determine three benchmarks to measure progress in implementation of the principles, one of which shall be a financial benchmark.

(f) Any revision made after October 1, 2009, shall take into consideration the protection and preservation of Connecticut Heritage Areas.

(g) Any revision made after December 1, 2011, shall take into consideration (1) the state water supply and resource policies established in sections 22a-380 and 25-33c , and (2) the list prepared by the Commissioner of Public Health pursuant to section 25-33q .

(h) Any revision made after October 1, 2019, shall (1) take into consideration risks associated with increased coastal flooding and erosion, depending on site topography, as anticipated in the most recent sea level change scenario updated pursuant to subsection (b) of section 25-68o , (2) identify the impacts of such increased flooding and erosion on infrastructure and natural resources, (3) make recommendations for the siting of future infrastructure and property development to minimize the use of areas prone to such flooding and erosion, and (4) take into consideration the state's greenhouse gas reduction goals established pursuant to section 22a-200a .

(i) Any revision made after October 1, 2016, shall take into consideration the need for technology infrastructure in the municipality.

(j) Thereafter on or before March first in each revision year the secretary shall complete a revision of the plan of conservation and development, provided no revision year may be later than four years subsequent to the year in which the plan was last adopted in accordance with the process established in this chapter.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-243b — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-243b
Sec. 16-243b. Definitions. Jurisdiction.
Status: in_force

(1) “Private power production facility” means a facility which generates electricity in the state (A) solely through the use of cogeneration technology, provided the average useful thermal energy output of the facility is at least twenty per cent of the total energy output of the facility, (B) solely through the use of renewable energy sources, or (C) through both only;

(2) “Useful thermal energy output” means the thermal energy made available for use in any industrial or commercial process, or used in any heating or cooling application;

(3) “Private power producer” means (A) a subsidiary of a gas public service company which is not affiliated with an electric public service company, or a subsidiary of a holding company controlling, directly or indirectly, a gas public service company but not an electric public service company, which generates electricity solely through ownership of fifty per cent or less of a private power production facility or, with the approval of the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority, through ownership of one hundred per cent of a private power production facility which (i) uses a source of energy other than gas as the primary energy source of the facility, or (ii) uses gas as the primary energy source of the facility and uses an improved and innovative technology which furthers the state energy policy as set forth in section 16a-35k , (B) a subsidiary of any other public service company or a subsidiary of a holding company controlling, directly or indirectly, such a public service company, which generates electricity solely through ownership of fifty per cent or less of a private power production facility, (C) the state, a political subdivision of the state or any other person, firm or corporation other than a public service company or any corporation which was a public service company, prior to July 1, 1981, and which consents to be regulated as a public service company or a holding company for a public service company, which generates electricity solely through ownership of one hundred per cent or less of a private power production facility, or (D) any combination thereof;

(4) “Private power provider” means any person, firm, corporation, nonprofit corporation, limited liability company, governmental entity, or other entity, including any public service company, holding company, or subsidiary, which provides energy conservation or demand management measures pursuant to section 16-243f and regulations and orders issued hereunder, which replace the need for electricity generating capacity that electric public service companies would otherwise require;

(5) “Electricity conservation or demand management measures” means the provision pursuant to this section and section 16-243f and regulations and orders adopted hereunder by a private power provider to an electric public service company or its customers of equipment or services or both designed to conserve electricity or to manage electricity load; and

(6) “Small renewable power project” means any private power production facility which has a capacity of five megawatts or less and is fueled by a renewable resource, as defined in section 16a-2 , other than wood.

(b) No provision of this section shall limit the jurisdiction of the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority with regard to the effects on a public service company of a private power producer which is an affiliate or a subsidiary of the public service company.

Cited. 210 C. 349.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-9 — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 277 / Section 16-9
Sec. 16-9. Orders.
Status: in_force

Right to render conditional judgment. 41 C. 355. Provision as to notice held to be merely directory. 78 C. 301. Trial before commission on appeal to it from local authorities is de novo; dismissal of appeal because of finding in another, distinct appeal improper. 84 C. 24. Appearance before commission waives want of notice of proceeding. Id.; Id., 40. No formal pleadings necessary before commission. 86 C. 36. All orders must find their justification in public convenience, necessity or safety. 89 C. 528. Court may take judicial notice of regulations of commission. 113 C. 416. Section confers right to reopen and rehear. Id., 503. Cited. 132 C. 514. When commission must make findings of facts. 145 C. 243. If commission can reverse its decision for due cause, then, on a new application for the same privilege, it can reach a different result. Id., 617. Cited. 162 C. 51; 165 C. 114; 166 C. 328. Legislative selection of the words “the company or person” instead of “the companies or persons” suggests that it intended that the written notice requirement be limited to giving such notice to the applicant if the order were issued in response to an application, or, in other cases, to the party to whom the order was directed. 168 C. 478. Cited. 169 C. 344; 170 C. 3; 219 C. 51; Id., 121; Id., 168. Authority lacked jurisdiction to resolve capacity clearing price dispute pursuant to section; interpretation that section was intended to confer jurisdiction on authority to unilaterally alter a decision approving the form of a contract after private parties have agreed to its terms rejected as constitutionally suspect; nothing in section confers jurisdiction on authority to exercise equitable power to reform contract to conform to true intent of the parties. 319 C. 367.

Cited. 40 CS 520.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-280b — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 284 / Section 16-280b
Sec. 16-280b. Violation of federal safety standards prohibited. Regulations. Waiver of safety standards.
Status: in_force

(b) The Public Utilities Regulatory Authority may adopt regulations, in accordance with chapter 54, establishing intrastate gas pipeline safety standards, which may be more specific than federal standards where appropriate in relation to local circumstances or conditions and consistent with public safety, provided such standards recognize alternative instrumentalities and methodologies for achieving federal safety objectives and do not foreclose utilization of alternative instrumentalities and methodologies that conform to national engineering standards or industry practices.

(c) The authority may issue a waiver of any federal safety standards or any regulations adopted by the authority pursuant to subsection (b) of this section in individual cases where warranted by local circumstances or conditions, consistent with public safety and authorized under the federal act.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-50r — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 277a / Section 16-50r
Sec. 16-50r. Report of forecast of loads and resources. Confidential information. Regulations. Investigation of life-cycle costs for overhead and underground transmission lines: Scope, hearings, consultants, assessment.
Status: in_force

(b) On October 1, 1994, and not less than once every five years thereafter, the council shall establish a proceeding to investigate and determine life-cycle costs for both overhead and underground transmission line alternatives. The council shall determine the schedule and scope of the investigation at a publicly noticed meeting held not earlier than ninety days preceding the first public hearing on the matter. The scope of the investigation shall include, but not be limited to, an inquiry of all relevant life-cycle costs, relative reliability, constraints concerning access and construction, potential damage to the environment and compatibility with the existing electric supply system. As part of the investigation the council shall hold public hearings which shall afford all interested parties opportunity to be heard. At least one public hearing shall be held after six-thirty p.m.

(c) An investigation conducted pursuant to subsection (b) of this section may include the retention of consultants, manufacturers and other experts necessary for the council to objectively determine the range of life-cycle costs of such alternatives. No such consultant, manufacturer or expert shall have any financial interest in, or, in the twelve months preceding the investigation, have engaged in any business, employment or professional activity for compensation with a corporation, company, association, joint stock association, partnership or person, or lessee thereof, owning, leasing, maintaining, operating, managing or controlling poles, wires, conduits or other fixtures, along public highways or streets, for the transmission or distribution of electric current for sale for light, heat or power within the state, or with a person, firm or corporation which manufactures such poles, wires, conduits or other fixtures. The council shall apportion and assess its expenses for consultants, hearing facilities, stenographic reports and other reasonable and necessary expenses of conducting such an investigation among those persons, firms and corporations having gross revenues from the retail sale of electric power in excess of one hundred thousand dollars during the preceding calendar year. The council shall assess each such person, firm or corporation in proportion of its gross revenues to the aggregate gross revenues of all such persons, firms and corporations. Each person, firm or corporation subject to an assessment shall pay its assessed amount not later than thirty days after receiving notice of its assessment or as specified by the council. Prior to incurring expenses for which assessments shall be made under this subsection, the council shall review the anticipated expenses at a public meeting, notice of which shall be given to each person, firm or corporation subject to an assessment. A person, firm or corporation may object to an assessment made pursuant to this subsection by filing with the council, not later than thirty days after receiving notice of its assessment, a petition stating the amount of the assessment to which it objects and the grounds upon which it claims such assessment is excessive, erroneous, unlawful or invalid. Upon the request of the petitioner, the council shall hold a hearing. After reviewing the company's petition and testimony, if any, the council shall issue an order in accordance with its findings. The petitioner shall pay the council the amount indicated in the order not later than thirty days after the date of the order.

(d) The council shall remit all payments received pursuant to this section to the State Treasurer for deposit in the Siting Council Fund. Such payments shall be accounted for as expenses recovered from electric power suppliers. All payments made under this section shall be in addition to any taxes payable to the state under chapters 211, 212, 212a and 219.

(e) An assessment unpaid on the due date or any portion of an assessment withheld after the due date under this section shall be subject to interest at the rate of one and one-fourth per cent per month or fraction thereof.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-261 — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-261
Sec. 16-261. Extension of electric lines to unserved areas. Determination of rates.
Status: in_force

(b) The Public Utilities Regulatory Authority is directed, in considering the rates of electric distribution companies or in the proceedings having to do with such rates, to consider the expenses and revenues of each company as a whole, in arriving at a fair return on the fair value of such properties. In prescribing a rate for service on such new lines, the authority shall exercise its statutory powers, except that the guarantee required shall not exceed thirteen dollars and fifty cents per mile per month.

(c) The Public Utilities Regulatory Authority is directed to advance the objects of this section in every lawful manner.

(d) Nothing in this section shall authorize the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority to order and direct electric distribution companies to extend their lines in their chartered territory over or under any body of water or elsewhere than along public highways unless said authority, exercising its powers under section 16-20 , finds such extension to be economically justifiable.

To refuse an extension, commission must find facts from which it reasonably concludes that the order for extension would amount to a use of the company's property without just compensation or to the imposition of a discriminatory rate upon other subscribers. 142 C. 359.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-243f — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 283 / Section 16-243f
Sec. 16-243f. Private power providers. Regulations concerning the purchase and sale of electricity.
Status: in_force

(b) A private power provider may offer to provide electricity conservation or demand management measures to an electric public service company pursuant to section 16-243b and this section and the regulations adopted under subsection (a) of this section. The authority shall review and evaluate such proposals based on the factors specified in said regulations, and after notice and a hearing, render a determination as to the feasibility of the proposed electricity conservation and demand management measures. The authority may, in accordance with such regulations, order an electric public service company to enter into an agreement with a private power provider where the private power provider would furnish electricity conservation or demand management measures to the electric public service company or its customers.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16a-15 — Connecticut Code / Title 16a / Chapter 295 / Section 16a-15
Sec. 16a-15. Display of signs on fuel pumps. Display of signs posting gas prices for public and members of retail membership organization. Statement of percentage and type of alcohol on certain documentation. Display of minimum cetane number for diesel fuel. Display of signs re payment by debit card if cash discount offered.
Status: in_force

(b) Each person shall publicly display and maintain on each pump or other dispensing device from which any gasoline or other product containing more than one per cent by volume of ethanol, methanol or any other cosolvent, and intended as a fuel for aircraft, motor boats or motor vehicles is sold by such person, such signs as the Commissioner of Consumer Protection, by regulation adopted pursuant to chapter 54, may require to inform the public of the amount of methanol, ethanol or any other cosolvent contained in such gasoline or other product.

(c) Each person shall publicly display and maintain, in a like manner, size and print, on each sign on display to the general public intended to inform the public of the price of gasoline and each pump or other dispensing device from which any gasoline intended as a fuel for motor vehicles is sold by such person, such signs as the Commissioner of Consumer Protection, by regulation adopted pursuant to chapter 54, may require to inform the public of the price for such gasoline for such members of the public as any such sign that informs of the price of such gasoline for members of any club, members of any retail membership organization or persons who qualify for any special discount offer.

(d) Any manufacturer, hauler, blender, agent, jobber, consignment agent, or distributor who distributes gasoline, or other products intended as fuel for aircraft, motor boats, or motor vehicles, which contain one per cent or more alcohol by volume, shall state the percentage of alcohol and the type of alcohol on any invoice, bill of lading, shipping paper, or other documentation used in normal and customary business practices.

(e) Each person shall publicly display and maintain on each pump or other dispensing device from which any diesel fuel intended as a fuel for motor boats or motor vehicles is sold by such person, the minimum cetane number for such diesel fuel.

(f) Each person shall publicly display and maintain on each pump or other dispensing device from which any gasoline intended as a fuel for motor boats or motor vehicles is sold by such person, such signs as the Commissioner of Consumer Protection, by regulation adopted pursuant to chapter 54, may require to inform the public of whether, if a discount is offered for payment by cash, payment for such gasoline by debit card is processed at the credit card price per gallon or the cash price per gallon or, for a specialty engine fuel described in subsection (a) of this section, the credit card price per gallon, per one-half gallon or per liter or the cash price per gallon, per one-half gallon or per liter.

(g) Any person who, by himself or herself or by his or her agent or employee, violates any provision of this section or such regulations shall be fined not less than fifty dollars or more than two hundred fifty dollars.

(h) A violation of subsection (c) of this section shall constitute an unfair trade practice under subsection (a) of section 42-110b .
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-50m — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 277a / Section 16-50m
Sec. 16-50m. Public hearing. Notice.
Status: in_force

(b) (1) The council shall hold a hearing on an application for an amendment of a certificate not less than thirty days nor more than sixty days after receipt of the application in the same manner as a hearing is held on an application for a certificate if, in the opinion of the council, the change to be authorized in the facility would result in any material increase in any environmental impact of such facility or would result in a substantial change in the location of all or a portion of the facility, other than as provided in the alternatives set forth in the original application for the certificate, provided the council may, in its discretion, return without prejudice an application for an amendment of a certificate to the applicant with a statement of the reasons for such return. (2) The council may hold a hearing on a resolution for amendment of a certificate not less than thirty days nor more than sixty days after adoption of the resolution in the same manner as provided in subsection (a) of this section. The council shall hold a hearing if a request for a hearing is received from the certificate holder or from a person entitled to be a party to the proceedings within twenty days after publication of notice of the resolution. Such hearing shall be held not less than thirty days nor more than sixty days after the receipt of such request in the same manner as provided in subsection (a) of this section. (3) The county in which the facility is deemed to be located for purposes of a hearing under this subsection shall be the county in which the portion of the facility proposed for modification is located.

(c) The council shall cause notices of the date and location of each hearing to be mailed, within one week of the fixing of the date and location, to the applicant and each person entitled under section 16-50 l to receive a copy of the application or resolution. The general notice to the public shall be published in not less than ten point, boldface type.

(d) Hearings, including general hearings on issues which may be common to more than one application, may be held before a majority of the members of the council.

(e) During any hearing on an application or resolution held pursuant to this section, the council may take notice of any facts found at a general hearing.

Cited. 177 C. 623; 212 C. 157; 215 C. 474; 216 C. 1.

Cited. 37 CA 653; judgment reversed, see 238 C. 361.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-333h — Connecticut Code / Title 16 / Chapter 289 / Section 16-333h
Sec. 16-333h. Extension of service to schools. Instructional channels.
Status: in_force

(b) The joint committee on educational technology shall be responsible for the utilization of instructional television channels provided in whole or in part by community antenna television companies.