Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46a-60 — Connecticut Code / Title 46a / Chapter 814c / Section 46a-60
Sec. 46a-60. (Formerly Sec. 31-126). Discriminatory employment practices prohibited.
Status: in_force

(1) “Pregnancy” means pregnancy, childbirth or a related condition, including, but not limited to, lactation;

(2) “Reasonable accommodation” means, but is not limited to, being permitted to sit while working, more frequent or longer breaks, periodic rest, assistance with manual labor, job restructuring, light duty assignments, modified work schedules, temporary transfers to less strenuous or hazardous work, time off to recover from childbirth or break time and appropriate facilities for expressing breast milk; and

(3) “Undue hardship” means an action requiring significant difficulty or expense when considered in light of factors such as (A) the nature and cost of the accommodation; (B) the overall financial resources of the employer; (C) the overall size of the business of the employer with respect to the number of employees, and the number, type and location of its facilities; and (D) the effect on expenses and resources or the impact otherwise of such accommodation upon the operation of the employer.

(b) It shall be a discriminatory practice in violation of this section:

(1) For an employer, by the employer or the employer's agent, except in the case of a bona fide occupational qualification or need, to refuse to hire or employ or to bar or to discharge from employment any individual or to discriminate against any individual in compensation or in terms, conditions or privileges of employment because of the individual's race, color, religious creed, age, sex, gender identity or expression, marital status, national origin, ancestry, present or past history of mental disability, intellectual disability, learning disability, physical disability, including, but not limited to, blindness, status as a veteran or status as a victim of domestic violence;

(2) For any employment agency, except in the case of a bona fide occupational qualification or need, to fail or refuse to classify properly or refer for employment or otherwise to discriminate against any individual because of such individual's race, color, religious creed, age, sex, gender identity or expression, marital status, national origin, ancestry, present or past history of mental disability, intellectual disability, learning disability, physical disability, including, but not limited to, blindness, status as a veteran or status as a victim of domestic violence;

(3) For a labor organization, because of the race, color, religious creed, age, sex, gender identity or expression, marital status, national origin, ancestry, present or past history of mental disability, intellectual disability, learning disability, physical disability, including, but not limited to, blindness, status as a veteran or status as a victim of domestic violence of any individual to exclude from full membership rights or to expel from its membership such individual or to discriminate in any way against any of its members or against any employer or any individual employed by an employer, unless such action is based on a bona fide occupational qualification;

(4) For any person, employer, labor organization or employment agency to discharge, expel or otherwise discriminate against any person because such person has opposed any discriminatory employment practice or because such person has filed a complaint or testified or assisted in any proceeding under section 46a-82 , 46a-83 or 46a-84 ;

(5) For any person, whether an employer or an employee or not, to aid, abet, incite, compel or coerce the doing of any act declared to be a discriminatory employment practice or to attempt to do so;

(6) For any person, employer, employment agency or labor organization, except in the case of a bona fide occupational qualification or need, to advertise employment opportunities in such a manner as to restrict such employment so as to discriminate against individuals because of their race, color, religious creed, age, sex, gender identity or expression, marital status, national origin, ancestry, present or past history of mental disability, intellectual disability, learning disability, physical disability, including, but not limited to, blindness, status as a veteran or status as a victim of domestic violence;

(7) For an employer, by the employer or the employer's agent: (A) To terminate a woman's employment because of her pregnancy; (B) to refuse to grant to that employee a reasonable leave of absence for disability resulting from her pregnancy; (C) to deny to that employee, who is disabled as a result of pregnancy, any compensation to which she is entitled as a result of the accumulation of disability or leave benefits accrued pursuant to plans maintained by the employer; (D) to fail or refuse to reinstate the employee to her original job or to an equivalent position with equivalent pay and accumulated seniority, retirement, fringe benefits and other service credits upon her signifying her intent to return unless, in the case of a private employer, the employer's circumstances have so changed as to make it impossible or unreasonable to do so; (E) to limit, segregate or classify the employee in a way that would deprive her of employment opportunities due to her pregnancy; (F) to discriminate against an employee or person seeking employment on the basis of her pregnancy in the terms or conditions of her employment; (G) to fail or refuse to make a reasonable accommodation for an employee or person seeking employment due to her pregnancy, unless the employer can demonstrate that such accommodation would impose an undue hardship on such employer; (H) to deny employment opportunities to an employee or person seeking employment if such denial is due to the employee's request for a reasonable accommodation due to her pregnancy; (I) to force an employee or person seeking employment affected by pregnancy to accept a reasonable accommodation if such employee or person seeking employment (i) does not have a known limitation related to her pregnancy, or (ii) does not require a reasonable accommodation to perform the essential duties related to her employment; (J) to require an employee to take a leave of absence if a reasonable accommodation can be provided in lieu of such leave; and (K) to retaliate against an employee in the terms, conditions or privileges of her employment based upon such employee's request for a reasonable accommodation;

(8) For an employer, by the employer or the employer's agent, for an employment agency, by itself or its agent, or for any labor organization, by itself or its agent, to harass any employee, person seeking employment or member on the basis of sex or gender identity or expression. If an employer takes immediate corrective action in response to an employee's claim of sexual harassment, such corrective action shall not modify the conditions of employment of the employee making the claim of sexual harassment unless such employee agrees, in writing, to any modification in the conditions of employment. “Corrective action” taken by an employer, includes, but is not limited to, employee relocation, assigning an employee to a different work schedule or other substantive changes to an employee's terms and conditions of employment. Notwithstanding an employer's failure to obtain a written agreement from an employee concerning a modification in the conditions of employment, the commission may find that corrective action taken by an employer was reasonable and not of detriment to the complainant based on the evidence presented to the commission by the complainant and respondent. As used in this subdivision, “sexual harassment” means any unwelcome sexual advances or requests for sexual favors or any conduct of a sexual nature when (A) submission to such conduct is made either explicitly or implicitly a term or condition of an individual's employment, (B) submission to or rejection of such conduct by an individual is used as the basis for employment decisions affecting such individual, or (C) such conduct has the purpose or effect of substantially interfering with an individual's work performance or creating an intimidating, hostile or offensive working environment;

(9) For an employer, by the employer or the employer's agent, for an employment agency, by itself or its agent, or for any labor organization, by itself or its agent, to request or require information from an employee, person seeking employment or member relating to the individual's child-bearing age or plans, pregnancy, function of the individual's reproductive system, use of birth control methods, or the individual's familial responsibilities, unless such information is directly related to a bona fide occupational qualification or need, provided an employer, through a physician may request from an employee any such information which is directly related to workplace exposure to substances which may cause birth defects or constitute a hazard to an individual's reproductive system or to a fetus if the employer first informs the employee of the hazards involved in exposure to such substances;

(10) For an employer, by the employer or the employer's agent, after informing an employee, pursuant to subdivision (9) of this subsection, of a workplace exposure to substances which may cause birth defects or constitute a hazard to an employee's reproductive system or to a fetus, to fail or refuse, upon the employee's request, to take reasonable measures to protect the employee from the exposure or hazard identified, or to fail or refuse to inform the employee that the measures taken may be the subject of a complaint filed under the provisions of this chapter. Nothing in this subdivision is intended to prohibit an employer from taking reasonable measures to protect an employee from exposure to such substances. For the purpose of this subdivision, “reasonable measures” are those measures which are consistent with business necessity and are least disruptive of the terms and conditions of the employee's employment;

(11) For an employer, by the employer or the employer's agent, for an employment agency, by itself or its agent, or for any labor organization, by itself or its agent: (A) To request or require genetic information from an employee, person seeking employment or member, or (B) to discharge, expel or otherwise discriminate against any person on the basis of genetic information. For the purpose of this subdivision, “genetic information” means the information about genes, gene products or inherited characteristics that may derive from an individual or a family member;

(12) For an employer, by the employer or the employer's agent, to request or require a prospective employee's age, date of birth, dates of attendance at or date of graduation from an educational institution on an initial employment application, provided the provisions of this subdivision shall not apply to any employer requesting or requiring such information (A) based on a bona fide occupational qualification or need, or (B) when such information is required to comply with any provision of state or federal law; and

(13) (A) For an employer or the employer's agent to deny an employee a reasonable leave of absence in order to: (i) Seek attention for injuries caused by domestic violence including for a child who is a victim of domestic violence, provided the employee is not the perpetrator of the domestic violence against the child; (ii) obtain services including safety planning from a domestic violence agency or rape crisis center, as those terms are defined in section 52-146k , as a result of domestic violence; (iii) obtain psychological counseling related to an incident or incidents of domestic violence, including for a child who is a victim of domestic violence, provided the employee is not the perpetrator of the domestic violence against the child; (iv) take other actions to increase safety from future incidents of domestic violence, including temporary or permanent relocation; or (v) obtain legal services, assisting in the prosecution of the offense, or otherwise participate in legal proceedings in relation to the incident or incidents of domestic violence.

(B) An employee who is absent from work in accordance with the provisions of subparagraph (A) of this subdivision shall, within a reasonable time after the absence, provide a certification to the employer when requested by the employer. Such certification shall be in the form of: (i) A police report indicating that the employee or the employee's child was a victim of domestic violence; (ii) a court order protecting or separating the employee or employee's child from the perpetrator of an act of domestic violence; (iii) other evidence from the court or prosecuting attorney that the employee appeared in court; or (iv) documentation from a medical professional, domestic violence counselor, as defined in section 52-146k , or other health care provider, that the employee or the employee's child was receiving services, counseling or treatment for physical or mental injuries or abuse resulting in victimization from an act of domestic violence.

(C) Where an employee has a physical or mental disability resulting from an incident or series of incidents of domestic violence, such employee shall be treated in the same manner as an employee with any other disability.

(D) To the extent permitted by law, employers shall maintain the confidentiality of any information regarding an employee's status as a victim of domestic violence.

(c) (1) The provisions of this section concerning age shall not apply to: (A) The termination of employment of any person with a contract of unlimited tenure at an independent institution of higher education who is mandatorily retired, on or before July 1, 1993, after having attained the age of seventy; (B) the termination of employment of any person who has attained the age of sixty-five and who, for the two years immediately preceding such termination, is employed in a bona fide executive or a high policy-making position, if such person is entitled to an immediate nonforfeitable annual retirement benefit under a pension, profit-sharing, savings or deferred compensation plan, or any combination of such plans, from such person's employer, which equals, in aggregate, at least forty-four thousand dollars; (C) the termination of employment of persons in occupations, including police work and fire-fighting, in which age is a bona fide occupational qualification; (D) the operation of any bona fide apprenticeship system or plan; or (E) the observance of the terms of a bona fide seniority system or any bona fide employee benefit plan for retirement, pensions or insurance which is not adopted for the purpose of evading said provisions, except that no such plan may excuse the failure to hire any individual and no such system or plan may require or permit the termination of employment on the basis of age. No such plan which covers less than twenty employees may reduce the group hospital, surgical or medical insurance coverage provided under the plan to any employee who has reached the age of sixty-five and is eligible for Medicare benefits or any employee's spouse who has reached age sixty-five and is eligible for Medicare benefits except to the extent such coverage is provided by Medicare. The terms of any such plan which covers twenty or more employees shall entitle any employee who has attained the age of sixty-five and any employee's spouse who has attained the age of sixty-five to group hospital, surgical or medical insurance coverage under the same conditions as any covered employee or spouse who is under the age of sixty-five.

(2) No employee retirement or pension plan may exclude any employee from membership in such plan or cease or reduce the employee's benefit accruals or allocations under such plan on the basis of age. The provisions of this subdivision shall be applicable to plan years beginning on or after January 1, 1988, except that for any collectively bargained plan this subdivision shall be applicable on the earlier of (A) January 1, 1990, or (B) the later of (i) the expiration date of the collective bargaining agreement, or (ii) January 1, 1988.

(3) The provisions of this section concerning age shall not prohibit an employer from requiring medical examinations for employees for the purpose of determining such employees' physical qualification for continued employment.

(4) Any employee who continues employment beyond the normal retirement age in the applicable retirement or pension plan shall give notice of intent to retire, in writing, to such employee's employer not less than thirty days prior to the date of such retirement.

(d) (1) An employer shall provide written notice of the right to be free from discrimination in relation to pregnancy, childbirth and related conditions, including the right to a reasonable accommodation to the known limitations related to pregnancy pursuant to subdivision (7) of subsection (b) of this section to: (A) New employees at the commencement of employment; (B) existing employees within one hundred twenty days of October 1, 2017; and (C) any employee who notifies the employer of her pregnancy within ten days of such notification. An employer may comply with the provisions of this section by displaying a poster in a conspicuous place, accessible to employees, at the employer's place of business that contains the information required by this section in both English and Spanish. The Labor Commissioner may adopt regulations, in accordance with chapter 54, to establish additional requirements concerning the means by which employers shall provide such notice.

(2) The Commission on Human Rights and Opportunities shall develop courses of instruction and conduct ongoing public education efforts as necessary to inform employers, employees, employment agencies and persons seeking employment about their rights and responsibilities under this section.

See Sec. 1-1f for definitions of “blind” and “physically disabled”.

See Sec. 28-17 re prohibition against discharging employee for civil preparedness activity or eligibility for induction into armed services.

Annotations to former section 31-126:

Cited. 140 C. 537; 153 C. 173; Id., 652. Final judgment by arbitrators as to employment discrimination bears action. 163 C. 309. Cited. Id., 327; 165 C. 318. Sex classification in help wanted advertising constitutes a per se violation; sex discrimination is an unfair employment practice which newspapers are not allowed to promote; a newspaper aids and abets sex discrimination by offering sex classifications in help wanted advertisements and commits an unfair employment practice; bona fide occupational qualification exceptions are rare; a corporation is a “person” and a newspaper corporation publishing an advertising section in sex-segregated columns is guilty of promoting the unfair employment practice of sex discrimination in hiring. 168 C. 26. Cited. Id., 504; 170 C. 327; 172 C. 485. Failure to define specifications for position or to test capabilities of applicant resulting in blanket exclusion from position is unfair employment practice. 176 C. 88. Cited. Id., 291; Id., 533; 177 C. 75; 179 C. 471; 198 C. 479; 211 C. 464.

Purpose of statute is to eliminate discrimination in employment for specified reasons, and it is only within these prescribed reasons that statute operates. 17 CS 93. Not unfair employment practice for corporation employer to require complainant to work regular factory shifts although this would require work on a religious sabbath. 28 CS 341.

Annotations to present section:

Cited. 193 C. 558; 195 C. 226; 196 C. 208; 202 C. 601; Id., 609; 211 C. 129; 226 C. 670; 232 C. 91; 236 C. 96; Id., 681; 238 C. 337. Sec. 46a-100 represents an unambiguous waiver of sovereign immunity, authorizing actions against the state for alleged discriminatory employment practices in violation of section; claims properly brought before the commission are outside the cognizance of Claims Commissioner. 291 C. 384.

Cited. 16 CA 379; 40 CA 577. Plaintiff provided no authority or per se rule equating violation of section with intentional infliction of emotional distress and court was not inclined to create such a rule. 61 CA 108. To ensure compliance with the purpose of the Fair Employment Practices Act, a teacher who is discharged for any of the reasons enumerated in Sec. 10-151(d) must be afforded the protections of this section. 142 CA 248. Legislature intended to make state discrimination laws coextensive with the federal Civil Rights Act of 1964; If a plaintiff succeeds in establishing a prima facie case, it creates a rebuttable presumption that the employer intentionally discriminated against the employee, and if a defendant effectively rebuts the presumption of intentional discrimination by articulating a legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason for the adverse employment action, the plaintiff must persuade the trier of fact, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the defendant's justification for the plaintiff's dismissal was merely pretextual. 211 CA 676. Regardless of the United States Supreme Court's decision in Gross and the Second Circuit's decision in Natofsky , the motivating factor test remains the applicable causation standard under the Connecticut Fair Employment Practices Act. 213 CA 605. Subsec. (b)(1) by its plain and unambiguous terms does not prohibit disability discrimination by association. 226 CA 335.

Cited. 39 CS 528. Actions brought under section may include actions brought against police departments. 50 CS 420.

Former Subsec. (a):

Subdiv. (1): Good faith not exculpatory under statute; target of fair employment legislation is the effect, not the purpose, of discrimination. 188 C. 44. Cited. 198 C. 479; 202 C. 150; 211 C. 464; 220 C. 307; 228 C. 545; 231 C. 328. Subdiv. (1): Sec. 46a-86 does not authorize award of damages for emotional distress and attorneys' fees for violation of this section. 232 C. 91. Cited. Id., 117; 236 C. 250; 237 C. 209. Section does not expressly obligate employer to accommodate employee's work-at-home requests, or to refrain from taking adverse action against employee who persists in efforts to secure such arrangement. 249 C. 766. Subdiv. (1) does not impose liability on individual employees. 259 C. 729. Because Fair Employment Practices Act clearly expresses a public policy determination by legislature that employers with fewer than 3 employees shall be exempt from liability for discrimination on the basis of sex, including pregnancy-related discrimination, a common-law claim for wrongful discharge on the basis of pregnancy will not lie against such employers. 260 C. 691. Trial court should not have remanded case to referee because employer was entitled to judgment as a matter of law where plaintiff was denied promotion because of failure to obtain same license as required for prior job occupants and where license requirement was a legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason and not pretextual. 272 C. 457. Subdiv. (1) imposes a duty on employers to provide reasonable accommodation to their disabled employees. 286 C. 390. Plaintiff had no standing under statute because as a recipient of surviving spouse pension allowance, plaintiff was not within a class of persons statute was intended to protect; section pertains only to those persons who have sought or obtained an employment relationship with the employer alleged to have engaged in a discriminatory employment practice. 287 C. 56. Subdiv. (8): Arbitrator's interpretation of just cause provision of a collective bargaining agreement as barring the grievant's termination of employment for sexual harassment of a coworker violated the clear, well-defined and dominant public policy against sexual harassment in this state and the award was correctly vacated. 309 C. 519. Subsec. prohibits employers from discriminating against individuals whom they regard as physically disabled. 314 C. 773.

Cited. 4 CA 423; 5 CA 643; 18 CA 241; 27 CA 635; 35 CA 474; 38 CA 506; 41 CA 1; 44 CA 446; Id., 677. Federal standards reviewed for guidance in enforcing state antidiscrimination statutes; court held that defendant had provided plaintiff with reasonable accommodation. 57 CA 767. Subdiv. (7): There is a public policy against sex discrimination in employment sufficiently expressed in statutory and constitutional law to permit a cause of action for wrongful discharge; although Sec. 46a-51(10) excludes many employers from the requirements of the act, the clear public policy against sex discrimination transcends the exclusion. 64 CA 573. Company may be held liable for discrimination even where decision-making official did not intentionally discriminate if information used by that official in deciding to terminate a worker's employment was filtered through another employee who had a discriminatory motive. 72 CA 212. Subdiv. (1): State's public policy prohibiting discrimination on the basis of disabilities is embodied in Subdiv. 81 CA 726. Subdiv. (7): Trial court's finding of discriminatory practice affirmed, contrary to defendant's assertions, plaintiff's claim of discriminatory practice does not fail merely because evidence offered to prove defendant's violation of subparagraph arose out of an incident that is also arguably within purview of another subparagraph under same statutory subdivision. 88 CA 60. Subsec. establishes a well-defined and dominant public policy against workplace sexual harassment and extends to the actions of an employee. 125 CA 408. There is no claim under Subsec. for person regarded or perceived as disabled by employer. 137 CA 446; judgment reversed, see 314 C. 773.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46b-531 — Connecticut Code / Title 46b / Chapter 818 / Section 46b-531
Sec. 46b-531. Gestational surrogacy agreement: Judgment of parentage.
Status: in_force

(b) The petition for a judgment of parentage shall include: (1) Certification from the attorney representing the intended parent or parents and the attorney representing the person acting as surrogate that the requirements of sections 46b-522 to 46b-524 , inclusive, have been met; and (2) a statement from all parties to the surrogacy agreement that they entered into the surrogacy agreement knowingly and voluntarily. The petition, including the certification and statement required by subdivisions (1) and (2) of this subsection, shall be submitted under penalty of false statement.

(c) Neither the state nor the Department of Public Health, nor the hospital where delivery is expected to occur or does occur, is a necessary party to a proceeding under subsection (a) of this section.

(d) Upon a finding that the petition satisfies subsection (b) of this section, the court shall issue a judgment: (1) Declaring, that upon the birth of the child born during the term of the surrogacy agreement, any intended parent is a parent of the child and ordering that parental rights, duties and custody vest immediately on the birth of the child exclusively in any intended parent; (2) Declaring, that upon the birth of the child born during the term of the surrogacy agreement, the person acting as gestational surrogate and the spouse or former spouse of the person acting as surrogate, if any, are not the parents of the child; (3) Declaring that the intended parent or parents have responsibility for the maintenance and support of the child immediately upon the birth of the child; (4) Designating the contents of the certificate of birth in accordance with subsection (b) of section 7-48a and directing the Department of Public Health to designate any intended parent as a parent of the child; and (5) If necessary, ordering that the child be surrendered to the intended parent or parents. The court may issue an order or judgment under this subsection before or after the date of birth of the child. The court shall stay enforcement of the order or judgment until the birth of the child. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to limit the court's authority to issue other orders under any other provision of the general statutes.

(e) In the event the certification required by subdivision (1) of subsection (b) of this section cannot be made because of a technical or nonmaterial deviation from the requirements of sections 46b-522 to 46b-524 , inclusive, the court may nevertheless enforce the agreement and issue a judgment of parentage if the court determines the agreement is in substantial compliance with the requirements of said sections.

(f) An order under subsection (d) or (e) of this section shall be sufficient to satisfy the requirements in section 7-48a governing birth certificates.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46a-94 — Connecticut Code / Title 46a / Chapter 814c / Section 46a-94
Sec. 46a-94. (Formerly Sec. 53-36d). Appeal to Appellate Court from Superior Court action re injunction against discriminatory employment practice or discriminatory practice in sale or rental of residential or commercial property.
Status: in_force

(b) In any appeal to the Appellate Court under the provisions of this section, any judge of the Appellate Court, on written application, after oral hearing: (1) May order a party who has filed a notice of intent to appeal either to appeal or withdraw such notice of appeal, and (2) may make such orders as will expedite the appeal.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46b-580 — Connecticut Code / Title 46b / Chapter 818 / Section 46b-580
Sec. 46b-580. (Formerly Sec. 46b-179d). Enforcement of foreign parentage judgment stayed by other pending actions.
Status: in_force

Annotation to former section 46b-179d:

Cited. 203 C. 380.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46b-121b — Connecticut Code / Title 46b / Chapter 815t / Section 46b-121b
Sec. 46b-121b. Handling of juvenile matters.
Status: in_force

(b) The Attorney General shall have charge of all proceedings concerning juvenile matters in the civil session of the Superior Court.

See Sec. 51-1d re transfer of duties of “Juvenile Detention Services Division” to Court Support Services Division.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46b-404 — Connecticut Code / Title 46b / Chapter 817 / Section 46b-404
Sec. 46b-404. Contest of registered Convention support order.
Status: in_force

(b) A party contesting a registered Convention support order shall file a contest not later than thirty days after notice of the registration, but if the contesting party does not reside in the United States, the contest must be filed not later than sixty days after notice of the registration.

(c) If the nonregistering party fails to contest the registered Convention support order by the time specified in subsection (b) of this section, the order is enforceable.

(d) A contest of a registered Convention support order may be based only on grounds set forth in section 46b-405 . The contesting party bears the burden of proof.

(e) In a contest of a registered Convention support order, a tribunal of this state (1) is bound by the findings of fact on which the foreign tribunal based its jurisdiction; and (2) may not review the merits of the order.

(f) A tribunal of this state deciding a contest of a registered Convention support order shall promptly notify the parties of its decision.

(g) A challenge or appeal, if any, does not stay the enforcement of a Convention support order unless there are exceptional circumstances.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46b-63 — Connecticut Code / Title 46b / Chapter 815j / Section 46b-63
Sec. 46b-63. (Formerly Sec. 46-60). Restoration of birth name or former name of spouse.
Status: in_force

(b) At any time after entering a decree dissolving a marriage, the court, upon motion of either spouse, shall modify such judgment and restore the birth name or former name of such spouse. The court shall rule on any motion filed by such spouse to have his or her birth name or former name restored without a hearing.

See Sec. 45a-99 re concurrent jurisdiction of Probate Court in matters concerning change of name.

See Secs. 45a-736, 45a-737 re change of name of adopted persons.

See Sec. 46b-1(6) re jurisdiction of Superior Court concerning complaints for change of name.

See Sec. 46b-81 re assignment of property and transfer of title at time of decree annulling or dissolving a marriage or for legal separation.

See Sec. 52-11 re jurisdiction of Superior Court concerning complaints for change of names.

Cited. 17 CA 627.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46b-543 — Connecticut Code / Title 46b / Chapter 818 / Section 46b-543
Sec. 46b-543. Application of provisions re collection of gametes.
Status: in_force

(b) The provisions of this section do not apply to gametes collected from a donor whose identity is known to the recipient of the gametes at the time of the donation.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46b-333 — Connecticut Code / Title 46b / Chapter 817 / Section 46b-333
Sec. 46b-333. Duties of support enforcement agency.
Status: in_force

(b) A support enforcement agency of this state that is providing services to the petitioner shall (1) take all steps necessary to enable an appropriate tribunal of this state, another state, or a foreign country to obtain jurisdiction over the respondent; (2) request an appropriate tribunal to set a date, time, and place for a hearing; (3) make a reasonable effort to obtain all relevant information, including information as to income and property of the parties; (4) within five days, exclusive of Saturdays, Sundays and legal holidays, after receipt of notice in a record from an initiating, responding, or registering tribunal, send a copy of the notice to the petitioner; (5) within five days, exclusive of Saturdays, Sundays and legal holidays, after receipt of communication in a record from the respondent or the respondent's attorney, send a copy of the communication to the petitioner; and (6) notify the petitioner if jurisdiction over the respondent cannot be obtained.

(c) A support enforcement agency of this state that requests registration of a child support order in this state for enforcement or for modification shall make reasonable efforts (1) to ensure that the order to be registered is the controlling order; or (2) if two or more child support orders exist and the identity of the controlling order has not been determined, to ensure that a request for such a determination is made in a tribunal having jurisdiction to do so.

(d) A support enforcement agency of this state that requests registration and enforcement of a support order, arrears or judgment stated in a foreign currency shall convert the amounts stated in the foreign currency into the equivalent amounts in dollars under the applicable official or market exchange rate as publicly reported.

(e) A support enforcement agency of this state shall issue or request a tribunal of this state to issue a child support order and an income-withholding order that redirect payment of current support, arrears and interest if requested to do so by a support enforcement agency of another state pursuant to section 46b-345 .

(f) Sections 46b-301 to 46b-425 , inclusive, do not create or negate a relationship of attorney and client or other fiduciary relationship between a support enforcement agency or the attorney for the agency and the individual being assisted by the agency.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46b-451 — Connecticut Code / Title 46b / Chapter 818 / Section 46b-451
Sec. 46b-451. Definitions.
Status: in_force

(1) “Acknowledged parent” means a person who has established a parent-child relationship under sections 46b-476 to 46b-487 , inclusive.

(2) “Adjudicated parent” means a person who has been adjudicated to be a parent of a child by a court of competent jurisdiction.

(3) “Alleged genetic parent” means a person who is alleged to be, or alleges that the person is, a genetic parent or possible genetic parent of a child whose parentage has not been adjudicated. “Alleged genetic parent” includes an alleged genetic father and alleged genetic mother. “Alleged genetic parent” shall not include:

(A) A presumed parent;

(B) A person whose parental rights have been terminated or declared not to exist; or

(C) A donor.

(4) “Assisted reproduction” means a method of causing pregnancy other than sexual intercourse. “Assisted reproduction” includes:

(A) Intrauterine, intracervical or vaginal insemination;

(B) Donation of gametes;

(C) Donation of embryos;

(D) In-vitro fertilization and transfer of embryos; and

(E) Intracytoplasmic sperm injection.

(5) “Birth” includes stillbirth.

(6) “Child” means a person of any age whose parentage may be determined under sections 46b-450 to 46b-553 , inclusive.

(7) “Child support agency” means the Office of Child Support Services within the Department of Social Services, established pursuant to section 17b-179 , and authorized to administer the child support program mandated by Title IV-D of the Social Security Act, 42 USC 651 et seq., as amended from time to time.

(8) “Determination of parentage” means establishment of a parent-child relationship by a court adjudication or signing of a valid acknowledgment of parentage under sections 46b-476 to 46b-487 , inclusive.

(9) “Donor” means a person who provides a gamete or gametes or an embryo or embryos intended for use in assisted reproduction, whether or not for consideration. “Donor” shall not include:

(A) A person who gives birth to a child conceived by assisted reproduction, except as provided in sections 46b-521 to 46b-538 , inclusive; or

(B) A parent under sections 46b-509 to 46b-517 , inclusive, or an intended parent under sections 46b-521 to 46b-538 , inclusive.

(10) “Gamete” means a sperm or egg and includes any part of a sperm or egg.

(11) “Embryo” means a cell or group of cells containing a diploid component of chromosomes or a group of such cells, not including a gamete, that has the potential to develop into a live human being if transferred into the body of a person under conditions in which gestation may be reasonably expected to occur.

(12) “Genetic testing” means an analysis of genetic markers to identify or exclude a genetic relationship.

(13) “Intended parent” means a person, married or unmarried, who manifests an intent to be legally bound as a parent of a child conceived by assisted reproduction.

(14) “Parent” means a person who has established a parent-child relationship under section 46b-471 .

(15) “Parentage” or “parent-child relationship” means the legal relationship between a child and a parent of the child.

(16) “Person” means a natural person of any age.

(17) “Presumed parent” means a person who under section 46b-488 is presumed to be a parent of a child, unless the presumption is overcome in a judicial proceeding.

(18) “Record” means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form.

(19) “Sign” means, with present intent to authenticate or adopt a record:

(A) To execute or adopt a tangible symbol; or

(B) To attach to or logically associate with the record an electronic symbol, sound or process.

(20) “Signatory” means a person who signs a record.

(21) “State” means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands or any territory or insular possession under the jurisdiction of the United States. “State” includes a federally recognized Indian tribe.

(22) “Transfer” means a procedure for assisted reproduction by which an embryo or sperm is placed in the body of the person who will give birth to the child.

(23) “Witnessed” means that at least one person who is authorized to sign has signed a record to verify that the person personally observed a signatory sign the record.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46b-133f — Connecticut Code / Title 46b / Chapter 815t / Section 46b-133f
Sec. 46b-133f. Family violence mediation program on docket for juvenile matters. Report.
Status: in_force

(b) The Judicial Department shall establish, within available appropriations, a family violence mediation program as a pilot program on the docket for juvenile matters in two judicial districts. Under the family violence mediation program, parties to an alleged delinquent act that involved family violence may agree to participate in mediation with an impartial third-party approved by the Superior Court to work toward a disposition of the alleged delinquent act that is satisfactory to each party. A juvenile probation officer, or the court, upon motion of any party, may refer the case of a child accused of a delinquent act involving family violence to the family violence mediation program. Such child's participation in the family violence mediation program shall be supervised by a juvenile probation officer.

(c) Upon receipt of a report from the juvenile probation officer that the child's progress in the family violence mediation program was satisfactory and that mediation has been successful, the court shall dismiss the charges against the child with respect to the delinquent act. Upon ordering that such charges be dismissed, the court shall order that all records of such charges be erased.

(d) Upon receipt of a report from a juvenile probation officer that mediation has not been successful or the child alleged to be a delinquent is no longer amenable to participation in the family violence mediation program or has failed to comply with the terms of any mediation agreement, the juvenile probation officer shall notify the prosecutorial official in charge of the case who may initiate delinquency or criminal proceedings against the child.

(e) Mediation services in cases referred to the family violence mediation program may be provided by private agencies under contract with the Court Support Services Division of the Judicial Department.

(f) If a child is under the supervision of the Department of Children and Families when the case of such child is referred to the family violence mediation program pursuant to this section, the court or probation officer shall notify the Department of Children and Families that such referral has been made.

(g) Not later than July 1, 2015, the executive director of the Court Support Services Division within the Judicial Department shall evaluate, within available appropriations, the pilot program established in each judicial district selected pursuant to subsection (b) of this section, and evaluate the feasibility of expanding the pilot program to other judicial districts. Not later than July 15, 2015, the executive director shall submit a report on such evaluation to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to the judiciary and the Juvenile Justice Policy and Oversight Committee.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46b-564 — Connecticut Code / Title 46b / Chapter 818 / Section 46b-564
Sec. 46b-564. (Formerly Sec. 46b-165). Testimony of parent or alleged parent.
Status: in_force

Annotations to former section 52-435b:

Cited. 165 C. 33.

Constitutionality of statute could not be challenged by defendant in paternity action as it in no way concerned him. 5 Conn. Cir. Ct. 571.

Annotation to former section 46b-165:

Cited. 188 C. 354.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46b-44a — Connecticut Code / Title 46b / Chapter 815j / Section 46b-44a
Sec. 46b-44a. Filing of joint petition for nonadversarial dissolution of marriage. Procedure.
Status: in_force

(b) An action brought pursuant to subsection (a) of this section may proceed if, at the time of the filing of the action, the parties attest, under oath, that the following conditions exist: (1) The marriage has broken down irretrievably; (2) the duration of the marriage does not exceed nine years; (3) neither party to the action is pregnant; (4) no children were born to or adopted by the parties prior to, or during, the marriage; (5) neither party has any interest or title in real property; (6) the total combined fair market value of all property owned by either party, less any amount owed on such property, is less than eighty thousand dollars; (7) neither party has a defined benefit pension plan; (8) neither party has a pending petition for relief under the United States Bankruptcy Code; (9) no other action for dissolution of marriage, civil union, legal separation or annulment is pending in this state or in a foreign jurisdiction, except as provided in subsection (f) of this section; (10) a restraining order, issued pursuant to section 46b-15 , or a protective order, issued pursuant to section 46b-38c , between the parties is not in effect; and (11) the residency provisions of section 46b-44 have been satisfied. After the filing of the joint petition and prior to the court entering a decree of dissolution of marriage pursuant to section 46b-44c , if a change occurs with respect to any of the conditions set forth in this subsection, one or both of the parties shall notify the court forthwith of the changed condition. For the purposes of this subsection, “defined benefit pension plan” means a pension plan in which an employer promises to pay a specified monthly benefit upon an employee's retirement that is predetermined by a formula based on the employee's earnings history and tenure of service.

(c) In addition to attesting to the conditions enumerated in subsection (b) of this section, any joint petition filed pursuant to subsection (a) of this section shall also state the date and place of marriage and the current residential address for each party.

(d) A joint petition shall be accompanied by financial affidavits completed by each party on a form prescribed by the Office of the Chief Court Administrator, a request for the court to order the restoration of a birth name or former name, if so desired by either party, and a certification attested to by the parties, under oath, that: (1) The parties agree to proceed by consent and waive service of process, except as provided in subsection (g) of this section; (2) neither party is acting under duress or coercion; and (3) each party is waiving any right to a trial, alimony, spousal support or an appeal.

(e) If the parties submit a settlement agreement to the court that they are requesting be incorporated into the decree of dissolution, such settlement agreement shall be filed with the joint petition. Each party shall attest, under oath, that the terms of the settlement agreement are fair and equitable. If the court finds that the settlement agreement is fair and equitable, it shall be incorporated by reference into the decree of the court. If the court cannot determine whether such agreement is fair and equitable, the matter shall be docketed for the court's review in accordance with the provisions of section 46b-44d .

(f) (1) If after filing an action for dissolution of marriage on the regular family docket, pursuant to section 46b-45 , but prior to the court entering a decree of dissolution of marriage, the parties to such action satisfy all the conditions for a nonadversarial dissolution of marriage as set forth in this section, then such parties may file a joint petition for a nonadversarial dissolution of marriage in the existing dissolution of marriage action pursuant to subsection (a) of this section, except that such joint petition need not include a waiver of service of process. Upon the filing of such joint petition, the original complaint for dissolution of marriage is deemed superseded by operation of law and the action may proceed in the manner set forth in sections 46b-44b to 46b-44d , inclusive.

(2) No new filing fee shall be imposed by the court for a joint petition filed pursuant to this subsection.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46b-53a — Connecticut Code / Title 46b / Chapter 815j / Section 46b-53a
Sec. 46b-53a. Mediation program for persons filing for dissolution of marriage. Privileged communications.
Status: in_force

(b) All oral or written communications made by either party to the mediator or made between the parties in the presence of the mediator, while participating in the mediation program conducted pursuant to subsection (a) of this section, are privileged and inadmissible as evidence in any court proceedings unless the parties otherwise agree.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46a-152 — Connecticut Code / Title 46a / Chapter 814e / Section 46a-152
Sec. 46a-152. Physical restraint, seclusion and use of psychopharmacologic agents restricted. Notification of parent or guardian of physical restraint or seclusion of child required. Monitoring and documentation required.
Status: in_force

(b) No provider or assistant may involuntarily place a person at risk in seclusion except as an emergency intervention to prevent immediate or imminent injury to the person or to others, provided the seclusion is not used for discipline or convenience and is not used as a substitute for a less restrictive alternative.

(c) No provider or assistant may use a psychopharmacologic agent on a person at risk without that person's consent except (1) as an emergency intervention to prevent immediate or imminent injury to the person or to others, or (2) as an integral part of the person's established medical or behavioral support plan, as developed consistent with section 17a-543 or, if no such plan has been developed, as part of a licensed practitioner's initial orders. The use of psychopharmacologic agents, alone or in combination, may be used only in doses that are therapeutically appropriate and not as a substitute for other appropriate treatment.

(d) Any use of physical restraint or seclusion on a person at risk shall be documented in the person's medical record. The documentation shall include (1) in the case of emergency use, the nature of the emergency and what other steps, including attempts at verbal deescalation, were taken to prevent the emergency from arising if there were indications that such an emergency was likely to arise, and (2) a detailed description of the nature of the restraint or seclusion, its duration and its effect on the person's established medical or behavioral support plan.

(e) Any person at risk who is physically restrained shall be continually monitored by a provider or assistant. Any person at risk who is involuntarily placed in seclusion shall be frequently monitored by a provider or assistant. Each person so restrained or in seclusion shall be regularly evaluated by a provider or assistant for indications of physical distress. The provider or assistant conducting the evaluation shall enter each evaluation in the person's medical record. For purposes of this subsection, “monitor” means (1) direct observation, or (2) observation by way of video monitoring within physical proximity sufficient to provide aid as may be needed.

(f) Nothing in this section shall be construed as limiting any rights a person may have under sections 17a-540 to 17a-550 , inclusive, section 17a-566 or section 54-56d .

(g) Nothing in this section shall be construed as limiting the justified use of physical force by a local, state or federal law enforcement official or an employee of the Board of Pardons and Paroles or the Department of Correction responsible for the supervision of persons released on parole while in the performance of such official's or employee's duties.

(h) (1) Nothing in this section shall be construed as prohibiting the use of mechanical physical restraint in transporting any person (A) who is receiving services from the Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services pursuant to sections 17a-513 to 17a-517 , inclusive, 17a-566 to 17a-567 , inclusive, 17a-582 to 17a-603 , inclusive, or 54-56d , or (B) who is committed to the department by a court of competent jurisdiction and has a pending criminal charge for which bail or a bond has not been posted, from a department facility to another location and, if applicable, back to such facility. Any such use of mechanical physical restraint shall be determined on an individualized basis by the head of the facility, or by a designee of the head of the facility, to be necessary and appropriate to protect the public safety.

(2) Any use of mechanical physical restraint under this subsection shall be documented in the medical record of the person who is transported. Such documentation shall include, but not be limited to, (A) the reason for the use of such restraint, including the risk of flight, the risk to public safety and the person's clinical condition, and (B) a detailed description of the nature of such restraint and its duration. If the use of any such restraint results in serious physical injury or death to such person, the head of the facility shall report such injury or death to the Commissioner of Mental Health and Addiction Services. The commissioner, upon receiving any such report, shall inform the executive director of the nonprofit entity designated by the Governor in accordance with section 46a-10b to serve as the Connecticut protection and advocacy system, as required by the Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act of 2000, 42 USC 15041 et seq., as amended from time to time, and any regulations promulgated thereunder and as required by the Protection and Advocacy for Individuals with Mental Illness Act, 42 USC 10801 et seq., as amended from time to time, and any regulations promulgated thereunder, of such injury or death.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46b-224 — Connecticut Code / Title 46b / Chapter 816 / Section 46b-224
Sec. 46b-224. Effect of court order changing or transferring guardianship or custody of child on preexisting support order.
Status: in_force

Section applies to all support orders notwithstanding express language in the order barring future modification; to the extent that the application of the specific language of this section to suspend or modify a support order that purports to preclude modification appears to conflict with the general language of Sec. 46b-86(a), this section must prevail. 305 C. 539.

Section only speaks to child support and does not give a party the right to suspend his alimony obligation. 159 CA 805. To the extent that section conflicts with general provisions of Sec. 46b-86(a) precluding retroactive modification of child support unless service of process requirement in Sec. 52-50 is satisfied, this section must prevail; no practical distinction between a suspension and a modification for purposes of applying section; child support portion of unallocated support award was subject to retroactive modification; section has no bearing on alimony. 161 CA 271.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46b-371 — Connecticut Code / Title 46b / Chapter 817 / Section 46b-371
Sec. 46b-371. Procedure to register order for enforcement.
Status: in_force

(b) On receipt of a request for registration, the registering tribunal shall cause the order to be filed as an order of a tribunal of another state or a foreign support order, together with one copy of the documents and information, regardless of their form.

(c) A petition or comparable pleading seeking a remedy that must be affirmatively sought under other law of this state may be filed at the same time as the request for registration or later. The pleading must specify the grounds for the remedy sought.

(d) If two or more orders are in effect, the person requesting registration shall (1) furnish to the tribunal a copy of every support order asserted to be in effect in addition to the documents specified in this section; (2) specify the order alleged to be the controlling order, if any; and (3) specify the amount of consolidated arrears, if any.

(e) A request for a determination of which is the controlling order may be filed separately or with a request for registration and enforcement or for registration and modification. The person requesting registration shall give notice of the request to each party whose rights may be affected by the determination.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46b-305 — Connecticut Code / Title 46b / Chapter 817 / Section 46b-305
Sec. 46b-305. Application of act to resident of foreign country and foreign support proceeding.
Status: in_force

(b) A tribunal of this state that is requested to recognize and enforce a support order on the basis of comity may apply the procedural and substantive provisions of sections 46b-301 to 46b-394 , inclusive.

(c) Sections 46b-398 to 46b-410 , inclusive, apply only to a support proceeding under the Convention. In such a proceeding, if a provision of sections 46b-398 to 46b-410 , inclusive, is inconsistent with sections 46b-301 to 46b-394 , inclusive, sections 46b-398 to 46b-410 , inclusive, control.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46a-80k — Connecticut Code / Title 46a / Chapter 814c / Section 46a-80k
Sec. 46a-80k. Discrimination on basis of erased criminal history record information: Public accommodations.
Status: in_force

(1) Deny any person within the jurisdiction of this state full and equal accommodations in any place of public accommodation, resort or amusement on the basis of that person's erased criminal history record information, subject only to the conditions and limitations established by law and applicable alike to all persons; or

(2) Discriminate, segregate or separate on account of erased criminal history record information.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46b-40 — Connecticut Code / Title 46b / Chapter 815j / Section 46b-40
Sec. 46b-40. (Formerly Sec. 46-32). Grounds for dissolution of marriage; legal separation; annulment.
Status: in_force

(b) An annulment shall be granted if the marriage is void or voidable under the laws of this state or of the state in which the marriage was performed.

(c) A decree of dissolution of a marriage or a decree of legal separation shall be granted upon a finding that one of the following causes has occurred: (1) The marriage has broken down irretrievably; (2) the parties have lived apart by reason of incompatibility for a continuous period of at least the eighteen months immediately prior to the service of the complaint and that there is no reasonable prospect that they will be reconciled; (3) adultery; (4) fraudulent contract; (5) wilful desertion for one year with total neglect of duty; (6) seven years' absence, during all of which period the absent party has not been heard from; (7) habitual intemperance; (8) intolerable cruelty; (9) sentence to imprisonment for life or the commission of any infamous crime involving a violation of conjugal duty and punishable by imprisonment for a period in excess of one year; (10) legal confinement in a hospital or hospitals or other similar institution or institutions, because of mental illness, for at least an accumulated period totaling five years within the period of six years next preceding the date of the complaint.

(d) In an action for dissolution of a marriage or a legal separation on the ground of habitual intemperance, it shall be sufficient if the cause of action is proved to have existed until the time of the separation of the parties.

(e) In an action for dissolution of a marriage or a legal separation on the ground of wilful desertion for one year, with total neglect of duty, the furnishing of financial support shall not disprove total neglect of duty, in the absence of other evidence.

(f) For purposes of this section, “adultery” means voluntary sexual intercourse between a married person and a person other than such person's spouse.

See Sec. 46b-48 re dissolution of marriage or annulment upon conviction of crime against chastity.

Annotations to former section 46-32:

Cited. 183 C. 433.

Standard for marriage dissolution of “irretrievable breakdown” is not unconstitutional as a denial of due process since language is reasonably precise and not vague, uncertain or indefinite. 35 CS 123.

Annotations to present section:

Constitutional even without judicial guidelines to limit discretionary fact-finding of trial courts as to irretrievable breakdown. 178 C. 254. Cited. 184 C. 307; 190 C. 269; Id., 657; 194 C. 312; 224 C. 749.

Cited. 13 CA 282; 15 CA 96; 25 CA 210; 35 CA 581.

Cited. 44 CS 431.

Subsec. (c):

Cited. 179 C. 568. Irretrievable breakdown not unconstitutionally vague within strictures of due process. 181 C. 225. Cited. 183 C. 512; 184 C. 558; 185 C. 156.

Cited. 4 CA 611; 13 CA 632. Trial court rejected defendant's claim that statute infringed on his religious beliefs because statute permitted plaintiff to obtain a divorce against his wishes; statute is a valid and neutral law of general applicability. 82 CA 41.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46a-68 — Connecticut Code / Title 46a / Chapter 814c / Section 46a-68
Sec. 46a-68. (Formerly Sec. 4-61s). State affirmative action plans: Filing; monitoring; reports; equal employment opportunity officers; review and investigation of discrimination complaints; regulations.
Status: in_force

(b) (1) Each state agency, department, board or commission shall designate a full-time or part-time equal employment opportunity officer. If such equal employment opportunity officer is an employee of the agency, department, board or commission, the executive head of the agency, department, board or commission shall be directly responsible for the supervision of the officer.

(2) The Commission on Human Rights and Opportunities shall provide training and technical assistance to equal employment opportunity officers in plan development and implementation.

(3) The Commission on Human Rights and Opportunities and the Commission on Women, Children, Seniors, Equity and Opportunity shall provide training concerning state and federal discrimination laws and techniques for conducting investigations of discrimination complaints to persons designated by state agencies, departments, boards or commissions as equal employment opportunity officers and persons designated by the Attorney General or the Attorney General's designee to represent such agencies, departments, boards or commissions pursuant to subdivision (5) of this subsection. On or after October 1, 2011, such training shall be provided for a minimum of five hours during the first year of service or designation, and a minimum of three hours every two years thereafter.

(4) (A) Each person designated by a state agency, department, board or commission as an equal employment opportunity officer shall (i) be responsible for mitigating any discriminatory conduct within the agency, department, board or commission, (ii) investigate all complaints of discrimination made against the state agency, department, board or commission, except if any such complaint has been filed with the Commission on Human Rights and Opportunities or the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, the state agency, department, board or commission may rely upon the process of the applicable commission, as applicable, in lieu of such investigation, and (iii) report all findings and recommendations upon the conclusion of an investigation to the commissioner or director of the state agency, department, board or commission for proper action. An equal employment opportunity officer shall not disclose witness statements or documents received or compiled in conjunction with the investigation of a complaint of discriminatory conduct within the agency, department, board or commission until the conclusion of such investigation, except that witness statements or documents may be disclosed to personnel charged with investigating or adjudicating such complaint, or to the Commission on Human Rights and Opportunities. If a state agency, department, board or commission relies upon the process of an applicable commission investigation pursuant to clause (ii) of this subparagraph, such agency, department, board or commission shall not be relieved of its duty to mitigate discriminatory conduct under clause (i) of this subparagraph or of its responsibility to take immediate corrective action to prevent a like occurrence.

(B) Notwithstanding the provisions of subparagraphs (A)(i), (A)(ii) and (A)(iii) of this subdivision, if a discrimination complaint is made against the executive head of a state agency or department, any member of a state board or commission or any equal employment opportunity officer alleging that the executive head, member or officer directly or personally engaged in discriminatory conduct, or if a complaint of discrimination is made by the executive head of a state agency, any member of a state board or commission or any equal employment opportunity officer, the complaint shall be referred to the Commission on Human Rights and Opportunities for review and, if appropriate, investigation by the Department of Administrative Services, except if any such complaint has been filed with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission or the Commission on Human Rights and Opportunities, the Commission on Human Rights and Opportunities or Department of Administrative Services may rely upon the process of the applicable commission in lieu of such investigation. If the discrimination complaint is made by or against the executive head, any member or the equal employment opportunity officer of the Commission on Human Rights and Opportunities alleging that the executive head, member or officer directly or personally engaged in discriminatory conduct, the commission shall refer the complaint to the Department of Administrative Services for review and, if appropriate, investigation. If the complaint is by or against the executive head or equal employment opportunity officer of the Department of Administrative Services, the complaint shall be referred to the Commission on Human Rights and Opportunities for review and, if appropriate, investigation. Each person who conducts an investigation pursuant to this subparagraph shall report all findings and recommendations upon the conclusion of such investigation to the appointing authority of the individual who was the subject of the complaint for proper action. The provisions of this subparagraph shall apply to any such complaint pending on or after July 5, 2007.

(5) Each person designated by a state agency, department, board or commission as an equal employment opportunity officer, and each person designated by the Attorney General or the Attorney General's designee to represent an agency pursuant to subdivision (6) of this subsection, shall complete training provided by the Commission on Human Rights and Opportunities and the Commission on Women, Children, Seniors, Equity and Opportunity pursuant to subdivision (3) of this subsection.

(6) No person designated by a state agency, department, board or commission as an equal employment opportunity officer shall represent such agency, department, board or commission before the Commission on Human Rights and Opportunities or the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission concerning a discrimination complaint. If a discrimination complaint is filed with the Commission on Human Rights and Opportunities or the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission against a state agency, department, board or commission, the Attorney General, or the Attorney General's designee, other than the equal employment opportunity officer for such agency, department, board or commission, shall represent the state agency, department, board or commission before the Commission on Human Rights and Opportunities or the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. In the case of a discrimination complaint filed against the Metropolitan District of Hartford County, the Attorney General, or the Attorney General's designee, shall not represent such district before the Commission on Human Rights and Opportunities or the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.

(c) Each state agency, department, board and commission that employs two hundred fifty or more full-time employees shall file an affirmative action plan developed in accordance with subsection (a) of this section, with the Commission on Human Rights and Opportunities, semiannually, except that any state agency, department, board or commission which has an affirmative action plan approved by the commission may be permitted to file its plan on an annual basis in a manner prescribed by the commission and any state agency, department, board or commission that employs twenty-five or more employees but fewer than two hundred fifty full-time employees shall file its affirmative action plan biennially, unless the commission disapproves the most recent submission of the plan, in which case the commission may require the resubmission of such plan by a time chosen by the commission, until the plan is approved. All affirmative action plans shall be filed electronically, if practicable.

(d) The Commission on Human Rights and Opportunities shall review and formally approve, conditionally approve or disapprove the content of such affirmative action plans within ninety days of the submission of each plan to the commission. If the commissioners, by a majority vote of those present and voting, fail to approve, conditionally approve or disapprove a plan within such period, the plan shall be deemed to be approved. Any plan that is filed more than ninety days after the date such plan is due to be filed in accordance with the schedule established pursuant to subsection (g) of this section shall be deemed disapproved.

(e) The Commissioner of Administrative Services and the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management shall cooperate with the Commission on Human Rights and Opportunities to insure that the State Personnel Act and personnel regulations are administered, and that the process of collective bargaining is conducted by all parties in a manner consistent with the affirmative action responsibilities of the state.

(f) The Commission on Human Rights and Opportunities shall monitor the activity of such plans within each state agency, department, board and commission and report to the Governor and the General Assembly on or before April first of each year concerning the results of such plans.

(g) The Commission on Human Rights and Opportunities shall adopt regulations, in accordance with chapter 54, to carry out the requirements of this section. The executive director shall establish a schedule for semiannual, annual and biennial filing of plans.

Cited. 233 C. 28.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46b-140a — Connecticut Code / Title 46b / Chapter 815t / Section 46b-140a
Sec. 46b-140a. Modification of conditions of probation supervision or probation supervision with residential placement. Violation of conditions.
Status: in_force

(b) During any period of probation supervision or probation supervision with residential placement the court may convene a probation status review hearing. A probation officer may file an ex parte request for a probation status review hearing with the clerk of the court, regardless of whether a new offense or violation has been filed. If the court finds that the ex parte request is in the child's or the public's best interest, the court may grant the ex-parte request and convene a probation status review hearing within seven days. The probation officer shall inform the child and parent or legal guardian of the scheduled court date and time. The child shall be represented by counsel at the hearing. If the child or the child's parents or guardian do not appear at the hearing, absent actual or in-hand service of the notice, the failure to appear at the hearing shall not be deemed wilful. The court may continue the hearing to a future date and order that the child and the child's parents or guardian be served with notice to appear in court in the manner prescribed by section 46b-128 . By agreement of the parties or at the conclusion of an evidentiary hearing, the court may modify or enlarge the conditions of probation, and if appropriate, the court may order that the child be placed in a secure or staff-secure residential facility, provided no child shall be ordered to be placed in a secure or staff-secure residential facility unless such placement is indicated by the child's clinical and behavioral needs or the level of risk the child poses to public safety cannot be managed in a less restrictive setting.

(c) At any time during the period of probation supervision or probation supervision with residential placement, the court may issue an order to take into custody or a warrant for the arrest of a child for violation of any of the conditions of probation supervision or probation supervision with residential placement, or may issue a notice to appear to answer to a charge of such violation, which notice shall be personally served upon the child. Any such order or warrant shall authorize all officers named therein to return the child to the custody of the court or to any suitable juvenile residential center designated by the court in accordance with subsection (e) of section 46b-133 .

(d) At any time during the period of probation supervision or probation supervision with residential placement, notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (c) of section 46b-133 , the court, upon a finding of probable cause, may issue an order to detain any child who has absconded, escaped or run away from a residential facility in which such child has been placed by court order. Any such order to detain shall authorize all officers named in such order to return the child to any suitable juvenile residential center designated by the court. Such child shall be detained pending a hearing to be held on the next business day, which shall be held in accordance with the provisions of subsection (e) of section 46b-133 .

(e) If a violation of probation supervision or probation supervision with residential placement is established, the court may continue or revoke the order of probation supervision or probation supervision with residential placement or modify or enlarge the conditions of probation supervision or probation supervision with residential placement in accordance with section 46b-140 .
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46b-61 — Connecticut Code / Title 46b / Chapter 815j / Section 46b-61
Sec. 46b-61. (Formerly Sec. 46-62). Orders re children where parents live separately. Filing of accompanying documents.
Status: in_force

(b) As used in this section, “accompanying documents” means documents that establish an existing legal relationship between the parents and the child for whom an application for custody, care, education, visitation and support is made under this section. “Accompanying documents” include, but are not limited to, a copy of a birth certificate naming the applicant and the respondent as the parents of the child, a copy of a properly executed acknowledgment of parentage, a court order or decree naming the legally responsible parents, including adoptive parents, a surrogacy agreement as defined in section 7-36 , documents showing that the minor child was born during the parents' wedlock or other sufficient evidence within the discretion of the court.

Annotation to former section 46-62:

Cited. 174 C. 427.

Annotations to present section:

Subject matter jurisdiction discussed. 184 C. 558. Statute, read together with Secs. 46b-56 and 46b-93, provides that it is permissible under certain circumstances to award child support even though child is not within jurisdiction. 191 C. 92. Cited. 199 C. 287; 207 C. 48; 236 C. 582.

Cited. 3 CA 541; 8 CA 50; 11 CA 150; 31 CA 114; 35 CA 421; 41 CA 861; judgment reversed, see 241 C. 490; 44 CA 605.

Superior Court has jurisdiction in custody issues arising from controversies over illegitimate child. 35 CS 237. Cited. 41 CS 429.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46b-38f — Connecticut Code / Title 46b / Chapter 815e / Section 46b-38f
Sec. 46b-38f. Statistical summary of family violence cases maintained by Court Support Services Division. Reports.
Status: in_force

(b) The statistical summary reports prepared by the Court Support Services Division shall be submitted to the Department of Emergency Services and Public Protection on a monthly basis. The Department of Emergency Services and Public Protection shall compile and report annually for a period of five years to the Governor and the General Assembly the tabulated data of family violence crime reports.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46a-13e — Connecticut Code / Title 46a / Chapter 813a / Section 46a-13e
Sec. 46a-13e. Confidentiality of identity of complainant, identity of certain witnesses and other information. Limited disclosure authorized.
Status: in_force

(b) No state or municipal agency shall discharge, or in any manner discriminate or retaliate against, any employee who in good faith makes a complaint to the Victim Advocate or cooperates with the Office of the Victim Advocate in an investigation.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46b-513 — Connecticut Code / Title 46b / Chapter 818 / Section 46b-513
Sec. 46b-513. Limitation on spouse's dispute of parentage.
Status: in_force

(b) A proceeding to adjudicate a spouse's parentage of a child born by assisted reproduction may be commenced at any time if the court determines:

(1) The spouse neither provided a gamete for, nor consented to, the assisted reproduction;

(2) The spouse and the person who gave birth to the child have not cohabited since the probable time of assisted reproduction; and

(3) The spouse never openly held out the child as the spouse's child.

(c) This section shall apply to a spouse's dispute of parentage even if the spouse's marriage is declared invalid after assisted reproduction occurs.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46b-151h — Connecticut Code / Title 46b / Chapter 815t / Section 46b-151h
Sec. 46b-151h. Interstate Compact for Juveniles.
Status: in_force

ARTICLE I

PURPOSE

The compacting states to this Interstate Compact recognize that each state is responsible for the proper supervision or return of juveniles, delinquents and status offenders who are on probation or parole and who have absconded, escaped or run away from supervision and control and in so doing have endangered their own safety and the safety of others. The compacting states also recognize that each state is responsible for the safe return of juveniles who have run away from home and in doing so have left their state of residence. The compacting states also recognize that Congress, by enacting the Crime Control Act, 4 USC Section 112 (1965), has authorized and encouraged compacts for cooperative efforts and mutual assistance in the prevention of crime.

It is the purpose of this compact, through means of joint and cooperative action among the compacting states to: (A) Ensure that the adjudicated juveniles and status offenders subject to this compact are provided adequate supervision and services in the receiving state as ordered by the adjudicating judge or parole authority in the sending state; (B) ensure that the public safety interests of the citizens, including the victims of juvenile offenders, in both the sending and receiving states are adequately protected; (C) return juveniles who have run away, absconded or escaped from supervision or control or have been accused of an offense to the state requesting their return; (D) make contracts for the cooperative institutionalization in public facilities in member states for delinquent youth needing special services; (E) provide for the effective tracking and supervision of juveniles; (F) equitably allocate the costs, benefits and obligations of the compacting states; (G) establish procedures to manage the movement between states of juvenile offenders released to the community under the jurisdiction of courts, juvenile departments, or any other criminal or juvenile justice agency which has jurisdiction over juvenile offenders; (H) ensure immediate notice to jurisdictions where defined offenders are authorized to travel or to relocate across state lines; (I) establish procedures to resolve pending charges (detainers) against juvenile offenders prior to transfer or release to the community under the terms of this compact; (J) establish a system of uniform data collection on information pertaining to juveniles subject to this compact that allows access by authorized juvenile justice and criminal justice officials, and regular reporting of compact activities to heads of state executive, judicial and legislative branches and juvenile and criminal justice administrators; (K) monitor compliance with rules governing interstate movement of juveniles and initiate interventions to address and correct noncompliance; (L) coordinate training and education regarding the regulation of interstate movement of juveniles for officials involved in such activity; and (M) coordinate the implementation and operation of the compact with the Interstate Compact for the Placement of Children, the Interstate Compact for Adult Offender Supervision and other compacts affecting juveniles particularly in those cases where concurrent or overlapping supervision issues arise. It is the policy of the compacting states that the activities conducted by the Interstate Commission created herein are the formation of public policies and therefore are public business. Furthermore, the compacting states shall cooperate and observe their individual and collective duties and responsibilities for the prompt return and acceptance of juveniles subject to the provisions of this compact. The provisions of this compact shall be reasonably and liberally construed to accomplish the purposes and policies of the compact.

ARTICLE II

DEFINITIONS

As used in this compact, unless the context clearly requires a different construction:

A. “Bylaws” means those bylaws established by the Interstate Commission for its governance, or for directing or controlling its actions or conduct.

B. “Compact administrator” means the individual in each compacting state appointed pursuant to the terms of this compact, responsible for the administration and management of the state's supervision and transfer of juveniles subject to the terms of this compact, the rules adopted by the Interstate Commission and policies adopted by the State Council under this compact.

C. “Compacting state” means any state which has enacted the enabling legislation for this compact.

D. “Commissioner” means the voting representative of each compacting state appointed pursuant to Article III of this compact.

E. “Court” means any court having jurisdiction over delinquent, neglected or dependent children.

F. “Deputy compact administrator” means the individual, if any, in each compacting state appointed to act on behalf of a compact administrator pursuant to the terms of this compact responsible for the administration and management of the state's supervision and transfer of juveniles subject to the terms of this compact, the rules adopted by the Interstate Commission and policies adopted by the State Council under this compact.

G. “Interstate Commission” means the Interstate Commission for Juveniles created by Article III of this compact.

H. “Juvenile” means any person defined as a juvenile in any compacting state or by the rules of the Interstate Commission, including:

(1) Accused Delinquent: A person charged with an offense that, if committed by an adult, would be a criminal offense;

(2) Adjudicated Delinquent: A person found to have committed an offense that, if committed by an adult, would be a criminal offense;

(3) Accused Status Offender: A person charged with an offense that would not be a criminal offense if committed by an adult;

(4) Adjudicated Status Offender: A person found to have committed an offense that would not be a criminal offense if committed by an adult; and

(5) Non-Offender: A person in need of supervision who has not been accused or adjudicated a status offender or delinquent.

I. “Non-compacting state” means any state which has not enacted the enabling legislation for this compact.

J. “Probation or parole” means any kind of supervision or conditional release of juveniles authorized under the laws of the compacting states.

K. “Rule” means a written statement by the Interstate Commission promulgated pursuant to Article VI of this compact that is of general applicability and implements, interprets or prescribes a policy or provision of the compact, or an organizational, procedural or practice requirement of the Interstate Commission, and has the force and effect of statutory law in a compacting state, and includes the amendment, repeal or suspension of an existing rule.

L. “State” means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia or its designee, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa and the Northern Marianas Islands.

ARTICLE III

INTERSTATE COMMISSION FOR JUVENILES

A. The compacting states hereby create the “Interstate Commission for Juveniles”. The Interstate Commission shall be a body corporate and joint agency of the compacting states. The Interstate Commission shall have all the responsibilities, powers and duties set forth in this compact, and such additional powers as may be conferred upon it by subsequent action of the respective legislatures of the compacting states in accordance with the terms of this compact.

B. The Interstate Commission shall consist of commissioners appointed by the appropriate appointing authority in each state pursuant to the rules and requirements of each compacting state and in consultation with the State Council for Interstate Juvenile Supervision created under Article IX of this compact. The commissioner shall be the compact administrator, deputy compact administrator or designee from that state who shall serve on the Interstate Commission in such capacity under or pursuant to the applicable law of the compacting state.

C. In addition to the commissioners who are the voting representatives of each state, the Interstate Commission shall include individuals who are not commissioners, but who are members of interested organizations. Such non-commissioner members must include a member of the national organizations of governors, legislators, state chief justices and attorneys general; representatives of the Interstate Compact for Adult Offender Supervision and the Interstate Compact for the Placement of Children; juvenile justice and juvenile corrections officials; and crime victims. All non-commissioner members of the Interstate Commission shall be ex-officio, nonvoting, members. The Interstate Commission may provide in its bylaws for such additional ex-officio, nonvoting, members, including members of other national organizations, in such numbers as shall be determined by the Interstate Commission.

D. Each compacting state represented at any meeting of the Interstate Commission is entitled to one vote. A majority of the compacting states shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, unless a larger quorum is required by the bylaws of the Interstate Commission.

E. The Interstate Commission shall meet at least once each calendar year. The chairperson may call additional meetings and, upon the request of a simple majority of the compacting states, shall call additional meetings. Public notice shall be given of all meetings and meetings shall be open to the public.

F. The Interstate Commission shall establish an executive committee, which shall include Interstate Commission officers, members and others as determined by the bylaws. The executive committee shall have the power to act on behalf of the Interstate Commission during periods when the Interstate Commission is not in session, with the exception of rulemaking or amendment to the compact. The executive committee shall oversee the day-to-day activities of the administration of the compact managed by an executive director and Interstate Commission staff; administer enforcement and compliance with the provisions of the compact and the bylaws and rules of the Interstate Commission, and perform such other duties as directed by the Interstate Commission or set forth in the bylaws.

G. Each member of the Interstate Commission shall have the right and power to cast a vote to which that compacting state is entitled and to participate in the business and affairs of the Interstate Commission. A member shall vote in person and shall not delegate a vote to another compacting state, except that, a commissioner, in consultation with the state council, shall appoint another authorized representative, in the absence of the commissioner from that state, to cast a vote on behalf of the compacting state at a specified meeting. The bylaws may provide for members' participation in meetings by telephone or other means of telecommunication or electronic communication.

H. The Interstate Commission's bylaws shall establish conditions and procedures under which the Interstate Commission shall make its information and official records available to the public for inspection or copying. The Interstate Commission may exempt from disclosure any information or official records to the extent they would adversely affect personal privacy rights or proprietary interests.

I. Public notice shall be given of all meetings and all meetings shall be open to the public, except as set forth in the rules or as otherwise provided in the compact. The Interstate Commission and any of its committees may close a meeting to the public if it determines by two-thirds vote that an open meeting would be likely to:

1. Relate solely to the Interstate Commission's internal personnel practices and procedures;

2. Disclose matters specifically exempted from disclosure by statute;

3. Disclose trade secrets or commercial or financial information which is privileged or confidential;

4. Involve accusing any person of a crime, or formally censuring any person;

5. Disclose information of a personal nature where disclosure would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal privacy;

6. Disclose investigative records compiled for law enforcement purposes;

7. Disclose information contained in or related to examination, operating or condition reports prepared by, or on behalf of or for the use of, the Interstate Commission with respect to a regulated person or entity for the purpose of regulation or supervision of such person or entity;

8. Disclose information, the premature disclosure of which would significantly endanger the stability of a regulated person or entity; or

9. Specifically relate to the Interstate Commission's issuance of a subpoena, or its participation in a civil action or other legal proceeding.

J. For every meeting closed pursuant to paragraph I of this article, the Interstate Commission's legal counsel shall publicly certify that, in the legal counsel's opinion, the meeting may be closed to the public, and shall reference each relevant exemptive provision. The Interstate Commission shall keep minutes which shall fully and clearly describe all matters discussed in any meeting and shall provide a full and accurate summary of any actions taken, and the reasons therefor, including a description of each of the views expressed on any item and the record of any roll call vote, reflected in the vote of each member on the question. All documents considered in connection with any action shall be identified in such minutes.

K. The Interstate Commission shall collect standardized data concerning the interstate movement of juveniles as directed through its rules which shall specify the data to be collected, the means of collection and data exchange and reporting requirements. Such methods of data collection, exchange and reporting shall insofar as is reasonably possible conform to up-to-date technology and coordinate its information functions with the appropriate repository of records.

ARTICLE IV

POWERS AND DUTIES OF THE INTERSTATE COMMISSION

The Interstate Commission shall have the following powers and duties:

1. To provide for dispute resolution among compacting states.

2. To promulgate rules to effect the purposes and obligations as enumerated in this compact, which shall have the force and effect of statutory law and shall be binding in the compacting states to the extent and in the manner provided in this compact.

3. To oversee, supervise and coordinate the interstate movement of juveniles subject to the terms of this compact and any bylaws adopted and rules promulgated by the Interstate Commission.

4. To enforce compliance with the compact provisions, the rules promulgated by the Interstate Commission and the bylaws, using all necessary and proper means including, but not limited to, the use of judicial process.

5. To establish and maintain offices which shall be located within one or more of the compacting states.

6. To purchase and maintain insurance and bonds.

7. To borrow, accept, hire or contract for services of personnel.

8. To establish and appoint committees and hire staff which it deems necessary for the carrying out of its functions including, but not limited to, an executive committee as required by Article III of this compact which shall have the power to act on behalf of the Interstate Commission in carrying out the powers and duties of the Interstate Commission under this compact.

9. To elect or appoint such officers, attorneys, employees, agents or consultants, and to fix their compensation, define their duties and determine their qualifications; and to establish the Interstate Commission's personnel policies and programs relating to, among other things, conflicts of interest, rates of compensation and qualifications of personnel.

10. To accept any and all donations and grants of money, equipment, supplies, materials and services, and to receive, utilize and dispose of such money, equipment, supplies, materials and services.

11. To lease, purchase, accept contributions or donations of, or otherwise own, hold, improve or use any property, whether real, personal or mixed.

12. To sell, convey, mortgage, pledge, lease, exchange, abandon or otherwise dispose of any property, whether real, personal or mixed.

13. To establish a budget and make expenditures and levy dues as provided in Article VIII of this compact.

14. To sue and be sued.

15. To adopt a seal and bylaws governing the management and operation of the Interstate Commission.

16. To perform such functions as may be necessary or appropriate to achieve the purposes of this compact.

17. To report annually to the legislatures, governors, judiciary and state councils of the compacting states concerning the activities of the Interstate Commission during the preceding year. Such reports shall also include any recommendations that may have been adopted by the Interstate Commission.

18. To coordinate education, training and public awareness regarding the interstate movement of juveniles for officials involved in such activity.

19. To establish uniform standards for the reporting, collecting and exchanging of data.

20. To maintain its corporate books and records in accordance with the bylaws.

ARTICLE V

ORGANIZATION AND OPERATION OF THE INTERSTATE COMMISSION

Section A. Bylaws

1. The Interstate Commission shall, by a majority of the members present and voting, within twelve months after the first Interstate Commission meeting, adopt bylaws to govern its conduct as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of the compact, including, but not limited to:

a. Establishing the fiscal year of the Interstate Commission;

b. Establishing an executive committee and such other committees as may be necessary;

c. Providing for the establishment of committees governing any general or specific delegation of any authority or function of the Interstate Commission;

d. Providing reasonable procedures for calling and conducting meetings of the Interstate Commission, and ensuring reasonable notice of each such meeting;

e. Establishing the titles and responsibilities of the officers of the Interstate Commission;

f. Providing a mechanism for concluding the operations of the Interstate Commission and the return of any surplus funds that may exist upon the termination of the compact after the payment or reserving of all of its debts and obligations;

g. Providing start-up rules for initial administration of the compact; and

h. Establishing standards and procedures for compliance and technical assistance in carrying out the compact.

Section B. Officers and Staff

1. The Interstate Commission shall, by a majority of the members, elect annually from among its members a chairperson and a vice-chairperson, each of whom shall have such authority and duties as may be specified in the bylaws. The chairperson or, in the chairperson's absence or disability, the vice-chairperson shall preside at all meetings of the Interstate Commission. The officers so elected shall serve without compensation or remuneration from the Interstate Commission; provided that, subject to the availability of budgeted funds, the officers shall be reimbursed for any ordinary and necessary costs and expenses incurred by them in the performance of their duties and responsibilities as officers of the Interstate Commission.

2. The Interstate Commission shall, through its executive committee, appoint or retain an executive director for such period, upon such terms and conditions and for such compensation as the Interstate Commission may deem appropriate. The executive director shall serve as secretary to the Interstate Commission, but shall not be a member and shall hire and supervise such other staff as may be authorized by the Interstate Commission.

Section C. Qualified Immunity, Defense and Indemnification

1. The Interstate Commission's executive director and employees shall be immune from suit and liability, either personally or in their official capacity, for any claim for damage to or loss of property or personal injury or other civil liability caused or arising out of or relating to any actual or alleged act, error or omission that occurred, or that such person had a reasonable basis for believing occurred within the scope of Interstate Commission employment, duties or responsibilities; provided, that any such person shall not be protected from suit or liability for any damage, loss, injury or liability caused by the intentional or wilful and wanton misconduct of any such person.

2. The liability of any commissioner, or the employee or agent of a commissioner, acting within the scope of such person's employment or duties for acts, errors or omissions occurring within such person's state may not exceed the limits of liability set forth under the Constitution and laws of that state for state officials, employees and agents. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to protect any such person from suit or liability for any damage, loss, injury or liability caused by the intentional or wilful and wanton misconduct of any such person.

3. The Interstate Commission shall defend the executive director or the representatives or employees of the Interstate Commission and, subject to the approval of the Attorney General of the state represented by any commissioner of a compacting state, shall defend such commissioner or the commissioner's representatives or employees in any civil action seeking to impose liability arising out of any actual or alleged act, error or omission that occurred within the scope of Interstate Commission employment, duties or responsibilities, or that the defendant had a reasonable basis for believing occurred within the scope of Interstate Commission employment, duties or responsibilities, provided that the actual or alleged act, error or omission did not result from intentional or wilful and wanton misconduct on the part of such person.

4. The Interstate Commission shall indemnify and hold the commissioner of a compacting state, or the commissioner's representatives or employees, or the Interstate Commission's representatives or employees, harmless in the amount of any settlement or judgment obtained against such persons arising out of any actual or alleged act, error or omission that occurred within the scope of Interstate Commission employment, duties or responsibilities, or that such persons had a reasonable basis for believing occurred within the scope of Interstate Commission employment, duties or responsibilities, provided that the actual or alleged act, error or omission did not result from intentional or wilful and wanton misconduct on the part of such persons.

ARTICLE VI

RULEMAKING FUNCTIONS OF THE INTERSTATE COMMISSION

A. The Interstate Commission shall promulgate and publish rules in order to effectively and efficiently achieve the purposes of the compact.

B. Rulemaking shall occur pursuant to the criteria set forth in this article and the bylaws and rules adopted pursuant to this article. Such rulemaking shall substantially conform to the principles of the “Model State Administrative Procedures Act”, 1981 Act, Uniform Laws Annotated, Vol. 15, p. 1 (2000), or such other administrative procedures act, as the Interstate Commission deems appropriate consistent with due process requirements under the United States Constitution as now or hereafter interpreted by the United States Supreme Court. All rules and amendments shall become binding as of the date specified, as published with the final version of the rule as approved by the Interstate Commission.

C. When promulgating a rule, the Interstate Commission shall, at a minimum:

1. Publish the proposed rule's entire text stating the reason or reasons for that proposed rule;

2. Allow and invite any and all persons to submit written data, facts, opinions and arguments, which information shall be added to the record, and be made publicly available;

3. Provide an opportunity for an informal hearing if petitioned by ten or more persons; and

4. Promulgate a final rule and its effective date, if appropriate, based on comment from state or local officials and other interested parties.

D. Not later than sixty days after a rule is promulgated, any interested person may file a petition in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia or in the federal district court where the Interstate Commission's principal office is located for judicial review of such rule. If the court finds that the Interstate Commission's action is not supported by substantial evidence in the rulemaking record, the court shall hold the rule unlawful and set it aside. For purposes of this subsection, evidence is substantial if it would be considered substantial evidence under the Model State Administrative Procedures Act.

E. If a majority of the legislatures of the compacting states rejects a rule, those states may, by enactment of a statute or resolution in the same manner used to adopt the compact, cause that such rule shall have no further force and effect in any compacting state.

F. The existing rules governing the operation of the Interstate Compact on Juveniles superseded by this compact shall be null and void twelve months after the first meeting of the Interstate Commission.

G. Upon determination by the Interstate Commission that a state-of-emergency exists, it may promulgate an emergency rule which shall become effective immediately upon adoption, provided that the usual rulemaking procedures provided in this article are retroactively applied to the emergency rule as soon as reasonably possible, but no later than ninety days after the effective date of the emergency rule.

ARTICLE VII

OVERSIGHT, ENFORCEMENT AND DISPUTE RESOLUTION BY THE INTERSTATE COMMISSION

Section A. Oversight

1. The Interstate Commission shall oversee the administration and operations of the interstate movement of juveniles subject to this compact in the compacting states and shall monitor such activities being administered in non-compacting states which may significantly affect compacting states.

2. The courts and executive agencies in each compacting state shall enforce this compact and shall take all actions necessary and appropriate to effectuate the compact's purposes and intent. The provisions of this compact and the rules promulgated under this compact shall be received by all the judges, public officers, commissions and departments of the state government as evidence of the authorized statute and administrative rules. All courts shall take judicial notice of the compact and the rules. In any judicial or administrative proceeding in a compacting state pertaining to the subject matter of this compact which may affect the powers, responsibilities or actions of the Interstate Commission, the Interstate Commission is entitled to receive all service of process in any such proceeding, and has standing to intervene in the proceeding for all purposes.

Section B. Dispute Resolution

1. The compacting states shall report to the Interstate Commission on all issues and activities necessary for the administration of the compact as well as issues and activities pertaining to compliance with the provisions of the compact and the bylaws and rules of the Interstate Commission.

2. The Interstate Commission shall attempt, upon the request of a compacting state, to resolve any disputes or other issues which are subject to the compact and which may arise among compacting states and between compacting and non-compacting states. The Interstate Commission shall promulgate a rule providing for both mediation and binding dispute resolution for disputes among the compacting states.

3. The Interstate Commission, in the reasonable exercise of its discretion, shall enforce the provisions and rules of this compact using any or all means set forth in Article XI of this compact.

ARTICLE VIII

FINANCE

A. The Interstate Commission shall pay or provide for the payment of the reasonable expenses of its establishment, organization and ongoing activities.

B. The Interstate Commission shall levy on and collect an annual assessment from each compacting state to cover the cost of the internal operations and activities of the Interstate Commission and its staff which must be in a total amount sufficient to cover the Interstate Commission's annual budget as approved each year. The aggregate annual assessment amount shall be allocated based upon a formula to be determined by the Interstate Commission, taking into consideration the population of each compacting state and the volume of interstate movement of juveniles in each compacting state and the Interstate Commission shall promulgate a rule binding upon all compacting states which governs said assessment.

C. The Interstate Commission shall not incur any obligations of any kind prior to securing the funds adequate to meet such obligations; nor shall the Interstate Commission pledge the credit of any of the compacting states, except by and with the authority of the compacting state.

D. The Interstate Commission shall keep accurate accounts of all receipts and disbursements. The receipts and disbursements of the Interstate Commission shall be subject to the audit and accounting procedures established under its bylaws. However, all receipts and disbursements of funds handled by the Interstate Commission shall be audited yearly by a certified or licensed public accountant and the report of the audit shall be included in and become part of the annual report of the Interstate Commission.

ARTICLE IX

THE STATE COUNCIL

Each compacting state shall create a State Council for Interstate Juvenile Supervision. While each state may determine the membership of its own state council, the membership of a state council shall include at least one representative from the legislative, judicial and executive branches of government; victims groups; and the compact administrator, deputy compact administrator or designee. Each compacting state retains the right to determine the qualifications of the compact administrator or deputy compact administrator. Each state council shall advise and may exercise oversight and advocacy concerning that state's participation in Interstate Commission activities and other duties as may be determined by that state including, but not limited to, development of policy concerning operations and procedures of the compact within that state.

ARTICLE X

COMPACTING STATES, EFFECTIVE DATE AND AMENDMENT

A. Any state is eligible to become a compacting state.

B. The compact shall become effective and binding upon legislative enactment of the compact into law by not less than thirty-five states. The initial effective date shall be the later of July 1, 2004, or upon enactment into law by the thirty-fifth state. Thereafter the compact shall become effective and binding as to any other compacting state upon enactment of the compact into law by that state. The governors of non-compacting states or their designees shall be invited to participate in the activities of the Interstate Commission on a non-voting basis prior to adoption of the compact by all states.

C. The Interstate Commission may propose amendments to the compact for enactment by the compacting states. No amendment shall become effective and binding upon the Interstate Commission and the compacting states until it is enacted into law by unanimous consent of the compacting states.

ARTICLE XI

WITHDRAWAL, DEFAULT, TERMINATION AND JUDICIAL ENFORCEMENT

Section A. Withdrawal

1. Once effective, the compact shall continue in force and remain binding upon each compacting state. A compacting state may withdraw from the compact by specifically repealing the statute which enacted the compact into law.

2. The effective date of withdrawal is the effective date of the repeal.

3. The withdrawing state shall immediately notify the chairperson of the Interstate Commission in writing upon the introduction of legislation repealing this compact in the withdrawing state. The Interstate Commission shall notify the other compacting states of the withdrawing state's intent to withdraw within sixty days of its receipt thereof.

4. The withdrawing state is responsible for all assessments, obligations and liabilities incurred through the effective date of withdrawal, including any obligations, the performance of which extend beyond the effective date of withdrawal.

5. Reinstatement following withdrawal of any compacting state shall occur upon the withdrawing state reenacting the compact or upon such later date as determined by the Interstate Commission.

Section B. Technical Assistance, Fines, Suspension, Termination and Default

1. If the Interstate Commission determines that any compacting state has at any time defaulted in the performance of any of its obligations or responsibilities under this compact, or the bylaws or rules of the Interstate Commission, the Interstate Commission may impose any or all of the following penalties:

a. Remedial training and technical assistance as directed by the Interstate Commission;

b. Alternative Dispute Resolution;

c. Fines, fees and costs in such amounts as are deemed to be reasonable as fixed by the Interstate Commission; and

d. Suspension or termination of membership in the compact, which shall be imposed only after all other reasonable means of securing compliance under the bylaws and rules have been exhausted and the Interstate Commission has determined that the offending state is in default. Immediate notice of suspension shall be given by the Interstate Commission to the Governor, the Chief Justice or the chief judicial officer, the majority and minority leaders of the legislature and the state council of the defaulting state. The grounds for default include, but are not limited to, failure of a compacting state to perform such obligations or responsibilities imposed upon it by this compact, the bylaws, or rules and any other grounds designated in the bylaws and rules of the Interstate Commission. The Interstate Commission shall immediately notify the defaulting state in writing of the penalty imposed by the Interstate Commission and of the default pending a cure of the default. The Interstate Commission shall stipulate the conditions and the time period within which the defaulting state must cure its default. If the defaulting state fails to cure the default within the time period specified by the Interstate Commission, the defaulting state shall be terminated from the compact upon an affirmative vote of a majority of the compacting states and all rights, privileges and benefits conferred by this compact shall be terminated from the effective date of termination.

2. Within sixty days of the effective date of termination of a defaulting state, the Interstate Commission shall notify the Governor, the Chief Justice or chief judicial officer, the majority and minority leaders of the legislature and the state council of the defaulting state of such termination.

3. The defaulting state is responsible for all assessments, obligations and liabilities incurred through the effective date of termination including any obligations, the performance of which extends beyond the effective date of termination.

4. The Interstate Commission shall not bear any costs relating to the defaulting state unless otherwise mutually agreed upon in writing between the Interstate Commission and the defaulting state.

5. Reinstatement following termination of any compacting state requires both a reenactment of the compact by the defaulting state and the approval of the Interstate Commission pursuant to the rules.

Section C. Judicial Enforcement

The Interstate Commission may, by majority vote of the members, initiate legal action in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia or, at the discretion of the Interstate Commission, for the federal district where the Interstate Commission has its offices, to enforce compliance with the provisions of the compact and the rules and bylaws of the Interstate Commission, against any compacting state in default. In the event judicial enforcement is necessary, the prevailing party shall be awarded all costs of such litigation including reasonable attorney's fees.

Section D. Dissolution of Compact

1. The compact dissolves effective upon the date of the withdrawal or default of the compacting state that reduces membership in the compact to one compacting state.

2. Upon the dissolution of this compact, the compact becomes void and shall be of no further force or effect, and the business and affairs of the Interstate Commission shall be concluded and any surplus funds shall be distributed in accordance with the bylaws.

ARTICLE XII

SEVERABILITY AND CONSTRUCTION

A. The provisions of this compact shall be severable, and if any phrase, clause, sentence or provision is deemed unenforceable, the remaining provisions of the compact shall be enforceable.

B. The provisions of this compact shall be liberally construed to effectuate its purposes.

ARTICLE XIII

BINDING EFFECT OF COMPACT AND OTHER LAWS

Section A. Other Laws

1. This compact does not prevent the enforcement of any other law of a compacting state that is not inconsistent with this compact.

2. All compacting states' laws other than state constitutions and other interstate compacts conflicting with this compact are superseded to the extent of the conflict.

Section B. Binding Effect of the Compact

1. All lawful actions of the Interstate Commission, including all rules and bylaws promulgated by the Interstate Commission, are binding upon the compacting states.

2. All agreements between the Interstate Commission and the compacting states are binding in accordance with their terms.

3. Upon the request of a party to a conflict over meaning or interpretation of Interstate Commission actions, and upon a majority vote of the compacting states, the Interstate Commission may issue advisory opinions regarding such meaning or interpretation.

4. If any provision of this compact exceeds the constitutional limits imposed on the legislature of any compacting state, the obligations, duties, powers or jurisdiction sought to be conferred by such provision upon the Interstate Commission shall be ineffective and such obligations, duties, powers or jurisdiction shall remain in the compacting state and shall be exercised by the agency of the compacting state to which such obligations, duties, powers or jurisdiction are delegated by law in effect at the time this compact becomes effective.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46a-11f — Connecticut Code / Title 46a / Chapter 813 / Section 46a-11f
Sec. 46a-11f. (Formerly Sec. 19a-458e). Evaluation of person's ability to pay. Review of plan of protective services.
Status: in_force

(b) Subsequent to the initial provision of protective services, the Department of Developmental Services shall review each case, including meeting with the person with intellectual disability at least once every six months, to determine whether continuation or modification of the services is warranted. The commissioner may terminate protective services upon the commissioner's determination that such services are no longer required, or upon request of the person with intellectual disability or such person's legal representative pursuant to section 46a-11e .

(c) In performing the duties set forth in sections 17a-247f and 46a-11c to 46a-11g , inclusive, the commissioner may request the assistance of the staffs and resources of all appropriate state departments, agencies, commissions and local health directors, and may utilize any other public or private agencies, groups or individuals who are appropriate and may be available.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46a-100 — Connecticut Code / Title 46a / Chapter 814c / Section 46a-100
Sec. 46a-100. Discriminatory practice: Cause of action upon release from commission.
Status: in_force

Section represents an unambiguous waiver of sovereign immunity, authorizing actions against the state for alleged discriminatory employment practices in violation of Sec. 46a-60. 291 C. 384.

Cited. 44 CA 446. The provisions of section do not constitute a waiver of the state's immunity. 104 CA 547; judgment reversed, see 291 C. 384. Waiver of sovereign immunity under section does not extend to claims based on corresponding federal statute relating to age discrimination, namely the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967. 153 CA 146.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46b-537 — Connecticut Code / Title 46b / Chapter 818 / Section 46b-537
Sec. 46b-537. Genetic surrogacy agreement: Parentage of deceased intended parent.
Status: in_force

(b) Except as provided in section 46b-535 or 46b-536 , an intended parent is not a parent of a child conceived by assisted reproduction under a genetic surrogacy agreement if the intended parent dies before the transfer of a gamete or embryo unless:

(1) The person executed a written document, which may include the surrogacy agreement, that: (A) Specifically set forth that the person's gametes may be used for posthumous conception of a child, (B) specifically provided the other intended parent with authority to exercise custody, control and use of the gametes in the event of the person's death, and (C) was signed and dated by the person and the other intended parent; and

(2) The embryo is in utero not later than one year after the date of the person's death.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46a-57 — Connecticut Code / Title 46a / Chapter 814c / Section 46a-57
Sec. 46a-57. (Formerly Sec. 31-124). Human rights referees: Appointment, term, removal, duties, qualifications. Chief Human Rights Referee. Regulations. Subpoena power. Expert witness fees.
Status: in_force

(2) (A) On and after October 1, 1999, the Governor shall appoint seven human rights referees with the advice and consent of both houses of the General Assembly. The Governor shall appoint three human rights referees to serve for a term of two years commencing October 1, 1999. The Governor shall appoint four human rights referees to serve for a term of three years commencing January 1, 2000. Thereafter, human rights referees shall serve for a term of three years.

(B) On and after July 1, 2001, there shall be five human rights referees. Each of the human rights referees serving on July 1, 2001, shall complete the term to which such referee was appointed. Thereafter, human rights referees shall be appointed by the Governor, with the advice and consent of both houses of the General Assembly, to serve for a term of three years.

(C) On and after July 1, 2004, there shall be seven human rights referees. Each of the human rights referees serving on July 1, 2004, shall complete the term to which such referee was appointed and shall serve until his successor is appointed and qualified. Thereafter, human rights referees shall be appointed by the Governor, with the advice and consent of both houses of the General Assembly, to serve for a term of three years.

(D) On and after October 5, 2009, and until July 1, 2011, there shall be five human rights referees. Each of the human rights referees serving on October 5, 2009, shall serve until the term to which such referee was appointed is completed, or until July 1, 2011, whichever is earlier, and shall serve until a successor is appointed and qualified. In the case of a vacancy, a successor shall be appointed by the Governor, with the advice and consent of both houses of the General Assembly, to serve until July 1, 2011.

(E) On and after July 1, 2011, there shall be three human rights referees who shall (i) be appointed by the Governor with the advice and consent of both houses of the General Assembly, and (ii) serve for a term of three years.

(3) When the General Assembly is not in session, any vacancy shall be filled pursuant to the provisions of section 4-19 . The Governor may remove any human rights referee for cause.

(b) Human rights referees shall serve full-time and shall conduct the settlement negotiations and hearings authorized by the provisions of this chapter. A human rights referee shall have the powers granted to hearing officers and presiding officers by chapter 54 and this chapter. A human rights referee shall be an attorney admitted to the practice of law in this state. Any commissioner of the Superior Court who is able and willing to hear discriminatory practice complaints may submit his or her name to the Governor for consideration for appointment as a human rights referee. No human rights referee shall appear before the commission or another hearing officer for one year after leaving office.

(c) On or after October 1, 1998, the executive director shall designate one human rights referee to serve as Chief Human Rights Referee for a term of one year. The Chief Human Rights Referee, in consultation with the executive director, shall supervise and assign the human rights referees to conduct settlement negotiations and hearings on complaints, including complaints for which a trial on the merits has not commenced prior to October 1, 1998, on a rotating basis. The commission, in consultation with the executive director and Chief Human Rights Referee, shall adopt regulations and rules of practice, in accordance with chapter 54, to ensure consistent procedures governing contested case proceedings.

(d) When serving as a presiding officer as provided in section 46a-84 , each human rights referee shall have the same subpoena powers as are granted to commissioners by subdivision (9) of section 46a-54 . Each presiding officer shall also have the power to determine a reasonable fee to be paid to an expert witness called by the commission to give expert testimony in person or by deposition pursuant to section 46a-84 . Such fee shall be paid to the expert witness in lieu of all other witness fees.

See Sec. 4-61dd re duties of human rights referees in personnel actions involving state employees, employees of quasi-public agencies or employees of large state contractors.

Annotations to former section 31-124:

Cited. 153 C. 173; 163 C. 327.

Annotations to present section:

Cited. 236 C. 681.

Cited. 3 CA 464.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46b-121p — Connecticut Code / Title 46b / Chapter 815t / Section 46b-121p
Sec. 46b-121p. Training and monitoring deescalation efforts in secure and congregate care settings. Tracking of arrests and recidivism rates.
Status: in_force

(1) Develop, provide and monitor the training of their staffs on policies and practices in secure and congregate care settings that promote deescalation and monitor and track successful and unsuccessful deescalation efforts employed in such settings;

(2) Collect baseline data on the number and rate of arrests in secure and congregate care settings based on a child's race and gender and whether the child is considered to be at-risk for recidivism; and

(3) Track and analyze the recidivism rates of all children who have involvement with the juvenile justice system.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46a-63 — Connecticut Code / Title 46a / Chapter 814c / Section 46a-63
Sec. 46a-63. Discriminatory public accommodation practices: Definitions.
Status: in_force

(1) “Place of public accommodation, resort or amusement” means any establishment which caters or offers its services or facilities or goods to the general public, including, but not limited to, any commercial property or building lot, on which it is intended that a commercial building will be constructed or offered for sale or rent;

(2) “Deaf person” means a person who cannot readily understand spoken language through hearing alone and who may also have a speech defect which renders his speech unintelligible to most people with normal hearing;

(3) “Lawful source of income” means income derived from Social Security, supplemental security income, housing assistance, child support, alimony or public or state-administered general assistance.

Denial of opportunity to serve as scoutmaster is not a deprivation of an “accommodation”. 204 C. 287. A security deposit guarantee is a “lawful source of income”. 302 C. 263.

Cited. 45 CA 1.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46b-340 — Connecticut Code / Title 46b / Chapter 817 / Section 46b-340
Sec. 46b-340. Limited immunity of petitioner.
Status: in_force

(b) A petitioner is not amenable to service of civil process while physically present in this state to participate in a proceeding under sections 46b-301 to 46b-425 , inclusive.

(c) The immunity granted by this section does not extend to civil litigation based on acts unrelated to a proceeding under sections 46b-301 to 46b-425 , inclusive, committed by a party while physically present in this state to participate in the proceeding.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46b-59 — Connecticut Code / Title 46b / Chapter 815j / Section 46b-59
Sec. 46b-59. Petition for right of visitation with minor child. Order for payment of fees.
Status: in_force

(1) “Grandparent” means a grandparent or great-grandparent related to a minor child by (A) blood, (B) marriage, or (C) adoption of the minor child by a child of the grandparent; and

(2) “Real and significant harm” means that the minor child is neglected, as defined in section 46b-120 , or uncared for, as defined in said section.

(b) Any person may submit a verified petition to the Superior Court for the right of visitation with any minor child. Such petition shall include specific and good-faith allegations that (1) a parent-like relationship exists between the person and the minor child, and (2) denial of visitation would cause real and significant harm. Subject to subsection (e) of this section, the court shall grant the right of visitation with any minor child to any person if the court finds after hearing and by clear and convincing evidence that a parent-like relationship exists between the person and the minor child and denial of visitation would cause real and significant harm.

(c) In determining whether a parent-like relationship exists between the person and the minor child, the Superior Court may consider, but shall not be limited to, the following factors:

(1) The existence and length of a relationship between the person and the minor child prior to the submission of a petition pursuant to this section;

(2) The length of time that the relationship between the person and the minor child has been disrupted;

(3) The specific parent-like activities of the person seeking visitation toward the minor child;

(4) Any evidence that the person seeking visitation has unreasonably undermined the authority and discretion of the custodial parent;

(5) The significant absence of a parent from the life of a minor child;

(6) The death of one of the minor child's parents;

(7) The physical separation of the parents of the minor child;

(8) The fitness of the person seeking visitation; and

(9) The fitness of the custodial parent.

(d) In determining whether a parent-like relationship exists between a grandparent seeking visitation pursuant to this section and a minor child, the Superior Court may consider, in addition to the factors enumerated in subsection (c) of this section, the history of regular contact and proof of a close and substantial relationship between the grandparent and the minor child.

(e) If the Superior Court grants the right of visitation pursuant to subsection (b) of this section, the court shall set forth the terms and conditions of visitation including, but not limited to, the schedule of visitation, including the dates or days, time and place or places in which the visitation can occur, whether overnight visitation will be allowed and any other terms and conditions that the court determines are in the best interest of the minor child, provided such conditions shall not be contingent upon any order of financial support by the court. In determining the best interest of the minor child, the court shall consider the wishes of the minor child if such minor child is of sufficient age and capable of forming an intelligent opinion. In determining the terms and conditions of visitation, the court may consider (1) the effect that such visitation will have on the relationship between the parents or guardians of the minor child and the minor child, and (2) the effect on the minor child of any domestic violence that has occurred between or among parents, grandparents, persons seeking visitation and the minor child.

(f) Visitation rights granted in accordance with this section shall not be deemed to have created parental rights in the person or persons to whom such visitation rights are granted, nor shall such visitation rights be a ground for preventing the relocation of the custodial parent. The grant of such visitation rights shall not prevent any court of competent jurisdiction from thereafter acting upon the custody of such child, the parental rights with respect to such child or the adoption of such child and any such court may include in its decree an order terminating such visitation rights.

(g) Upon motion, the court may order the payment of fees for another party, the attorney for the minor child, the guardian ad litem, or any expert by any party in accordance with such party's financial ability.

See chapter 815p re Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act.

See Sec. 46b-80 et seq. re support of child and spouse and transfer of property.

Cited. 208 C. 404; 209 C. 407. Constitutional validity of section not ripe for adjudication without fact-specific balancing of interests. 214 C. 232. Cited. 217 C. 459; 234 C. 51; 236 C. 582. Trial court lacked jurisdiction to decide issue of visitation; provisions of section as they related to provisions of Secs. 46b-56 and 46b-57 discussed. 239 C. 336. Implicit in statute is rebuttable presumption that visitation that is opposed by a fit parent is not in child's best interest; for a court to have jurisdiction over petition for visitation contrary to wishes of a parent and to grant such petition, petition must contain specific, good faith allegations that petitioner has a relationship with the child that is similar in nature to a parent-child relationship and specific, good faith allegations that denial of visitation will cause real and significant harm to the child, analogous to the kind of harm contemplated by Secs. 46b-120 and 46b-129, that child is neglected, uncared-for or dependent, and petitioner must prove allegations by clear and convincing evidence; statute is unconstitutional as applied to facts in this case. 259 C. 202. Trial court did not have jurisdiction over petition for visitation pursuant to statute that is contrary to the wishes of a fit parent in the absence of allegations and proof that plaintiff had a parent-like relationship with the child and that the child would suffer real and significant harm if deprived of visitation with plaintiff. Id., 240. 259 C. 202 applies retrospectively. 272 C. 500. Where unrelated plaintiff had parent-like relationship with child sufficient for visitation rights, court improperly refused to grant visitation due to concern that defendant would cause child damage in retaliation, and court should have invoked its authority to compel defendant's compliance with visitation order; “best interest of the child” standard cannot overcome the standard in 259 C. 202 for ordering visitation. 300 C. 59. Nothing in section requires trial court to include, as a term and condition governing the order of third-party visitation, a provision affirmatively directing the third party not to override a fit parent's decisions regarding the child's care. 332 C. 115.

Cited. 11 CA 43. An encompassing, not limiting, statute. 17 CA 427. Cited. 34 CA 129; judgment reversed, see 234 C. 51. Action for abuse of process under statute does not lie. 52 CA 123. Trial court properly dismissed grandparents' application for visitation with grandchildren due to lack of subject matter jurisdiction as the application contained no specific, good faith allegations as to nature of relationship between the grandparents and grandchildren, and significant harm to grandchildren that would result if the application for visitation were not granted. 103 CA 125. Court may only reach the question of whether a grandparent has proven a history of regular contact and a close and substantial relationship with a grandchild pursuant to subsection (d) if grandparent made specific and good faith allegations that a parent-like relationship exists pursuant to subsection (c). 188 CA 724.

Separation of parties in same sex relationship constituted disruption of family unit and conferred standing upon plaintiff noncustodial parent to petition for visitation rights with minor child conceived through artificial insemination who had been jointly raised by coguardian same sex partners. 46 CS 165.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46b-38rr — Connecticut Code / Title 46b / Chapter 815f / Section 46b-38rr
Sec. 46b-38rr. Merger of civil union into marriage by default. Exception.
Status: in_force

(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a) of this section, the parties to a civil union with respect to which a proceeding for dissolution, annulment or legal separation is pending on October 1, 2010, shall not be deemed to be married on said date and such civil union shall not be merged into such marriage by operation of law but shall continue to be governed by the provisions of the general statutes applicable to civil unions in effect prior to October 1, 2010.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46b-15e — Connecticut Code / Title 46b / Chapter 815a / Section 46b-15e
Sec. 46b-15e. Chief Court Administrator's responsibilities re applications for restraining orders and educational materials re the risk protection order and warrant processes and collection of data relating to restraining orders and civil protection orders.
Status: in_force

(2) The Office of the Chief Court Administrator shall develop and make available to the public educational materials concerning the risk protection order and warrant processes set forth in section 29-38c relating to a person who poses a risk of imminent personal injury to such person's self or to another person, or concerning the risk protection warrant processes set forth in section 29-38q relating to a child who poses a risk of imminent personal injury to another person. The Office of the Chief Court Administrator shall develop and make available to the public in hard copy and electronically on the Internet web site of the Judicial Branch a form to enable a family or household member or medical professional, each as defined in section 29-38c , to apply to have a risk protection order investigation ordered and a one-page, plain language explanation of how to apply for such order or warrant. The form shall contain questions designed to solicit information significant to a determination. The public educational materials and form shall prominently advise the applicant that a risk protection order or warrant may be sought through and with the assistance of a municipal or state police agency or a state's attorney's office, and of the benefits of doing so.

(b) The Chief Court Administrator shall annually collect data on (1) the number of restraining orders issued under section 46b-15 and civil protection orders issued under section 46b-16a ; (2) the number of such orders that are not picked up by an applicant from the office of the clerk at the court location which issued the order; (3) the method of service of such orders in cases in which a respondent is successfully served with the order; (4) the number of requests for a police officer to be present at the time service of an order pursuant to subsection (h) of section 46b-15 ; and (5) the number of such orders issued that subsequently expire or are dismissed because the respondent could not be served with the order.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46b-36d — Connecticut Code / Title 46b / Chapter 815e / Section 46b-36d
Sec. 46b-36d. Content of premarital agreement.
Status: in_force

(1) The rights and obligations of each of the parties in any of the property of either or both of them whenever and wherever acquired or located;

(2) The right to buy, sell, use, transfer, exchange, abandon, lease, consume, expend, assign, create a security interest in, mortgage, encumber, dispose of, or otherwise manage and control property;

(3) The disposition of property upon separation, marital dissolution, death, or the occurrence or nonoccurrence of any other event;

(4) The modification or elimination of spousal support;

(5) The making of a will, trust or other arrangement to carry out the provisions of the agreement;

(6) The ownership rights in and disposition of the death benefit from a life insurance policy;

(7) The right of either party as a participant or participant's spouse under a retirement plan;

(8) The choice of law governing the construction of the agreement; and

(9) Any other matter, including their personal rights and obligations.

(b) No provision made under subdivisions (1) to (9), inclusive, of subsection (a) of this section may be in violation of public policy or of a statute imposing a criminal penalty.

(c) The right of a child to support may not be adversely affected by a premarital agreement. Any provision relating to the care, custody and visitation or other provisions affecting a child shall be subject to judicial review and modification.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46b-75 — Connecticut Code / Title 46b / Chapter 815j / Section 46b-75
Sec. 46b-75. Uniformity of interpretation.
Status: in_force

Cited. 191 C. 92.

Cited. 6 CA 541.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46a-10d — Connecticut Code / Title 46a / Chapter 813 / Section 46a-10d
Sec. 46a-10d. Transfer of closed case files to Office of Policy and Management. Client confidentiality, notice. Record retention. Legal liability.
Status: in_force

(b) Not later than June 30, 2017, the Office of Protection and Advocacy for Persons with Disabilities shall provide written notification to former clients by first class mail whose files are being transferred to the Office of Policy and Management in accordance with subsection (a) of this section. Such written notification shall inform the client that: (1) the Office of Protection and Advocacy for Persons with Disabilities is abolished as of July 1, 2017; (2) the client's files are being transferred to the Office of Policy and Management; (3) the client may contact the Office of Policy and Management if the client elects to retrieve the files; and (4) the client's files are subject to destruction in accordance with subsection (c) of this section if the client chooses not to retrieve such files. The Office of Policy and Management shall take appropriate measures to ensure client confidentiality of such files while such files are in its custody. Such measures shall include procedures ensuring that (A) documents contained in the files shall not be viewed by nonattorneys, and (B) confidential information contained therein shall not be unlawfully disclosed. The Office of Policy and Management may utilize the State Library's records center for storage of the files and enter into a memorandum of understanding with the State Library outlining the proper handling of such files to ensure client confidentiality.

(c) All files transferred to the Office of Policy and Management in accordance with this section shall be retained and destroyed in accordance with the records retention schedule applicable to the Office of Protection and Advocacy for Persons with Disabilities on file with the office of the Public Records Administrator on the effective date of this section.

(d) Compliance with this section shall constitute an absolute defense in any legal or administrative action brought as a result of having transferred or destroyed such closed case files as prescribed herein.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46a-65 — Connecticut Code / Title 46a / Chapter 814c / Section 46a-65
Sec. 46a-65. (Formerly Sec. 36-436). Discriminatory credit practices: Definitions.
Status: in_force

(1) “Credit” means the right granted by a creditor to a person to defer payment of debt or to incur debt and defer its payment, or purchase property or services and defer payment therefor, including but not limited to the right to incur and defer debt which is secured by residential real property;

(2) “Creditor” means any person who regularly extends or arranges for the extension of credit for which the payment of a finance charge or interest is required whether in connection with loans, sale of property or services or otherwise;

(3) “Invitation to apply for credit” means any communication, oral or written, by a creditor which encourages or prompts an application for credit;

(4) “Application for credit” means any communication, oral or written, by a person to a creditor requesting an extension of credit to that person or to any other person, and includes any procedure involving the renewal or alteration of credit privileges or the changing of the name of the person to whom credit is extended;

(5) “Extension of credit” means all acts incident to the evaluation of an application for credit and the granting of credit;

(6) “Credit sale” means any transaction with respect to which credit is granted;

(7) “Credit transaction” means any invitation to apply for credit, application for credit, extension of credit or credit sale.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46b-529 — Connecticut Code / Title 46b / Chapter 818 / Section 46b-529
Sec. 46b-529. Parentage under gestational surrogacy agreement.
Status: in_force

(b) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (c) of this section or section 46b-532 , neither a person acting as gestational surrogate nor the spouse or former spouse of the person acting as surrogate, if any, is a parent of the resulting child.

(c) If a resulting child is alleged to be a genetic child of the person who agreed to be a gestational surrogate, the court shall, upon finding sufficient evidence, order genetic testing of the child, the cost of which shall be covered by the intended parent or parents. If the resulting child is a genetic child of the person who agreed to be a gestational surrogate, parentage shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of sections 46b-450 to 46b-505 , inclusive.

(d) Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, subsection (b) of section 46b-530 or section 46b-532 , if, due to a clinical or laboratory error, a child conceived by assisted reproduction under a gestational surrogacy agreement is not genetically related to an intended parent or a donor who donated to the intended parent or parents, each intended parent, and not the gestational surrogate and the spouse or former spouse of the person acting as surrogate, if any, is a parent of the resulting child.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46b-304 — Connecticut Code / Title 46b / Chapter 817 / Section 46b-304
Sec. 46b-304. Remedies cumulative.
Status: in_force

(b) Sections 46b-301 to 46b-425 , inclusive, do not (1) provide the exclusive method of establishing or enforcing a support order under the law of this state; or (2) grant a tribunal of this state jurisdiction to render judgment or issue an order relating to child custody or visitation in a proceeding under sections 46b-301 to 46b-425 , inclusive.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46b-503 — Connecticut Code / Title 46b / Chapter 818 / Section 46b-503
Sec. 46b-503. Adjudicating parentage of child with alleged genetic parent.
Status: in_force

(1) Is identified under section 46b-500 as a genetic parent of the child and the identification is not successfully challenged under said section;

(2) Admits parentage in a pleading, when making an appearance, or during a hearing, the court accepts the admission, and the court determines the alleged genetic parent to be a parent of the child;

(3) Declines to submit to genetic testing ordered by the court or a child support agency, in which case the court may adjudicate the alleged genetic parent to be a parent of the child even if the alleged genetic parent denies a genetic relationship with the child;

(4) Is in default after service of process and the court determines the alleged genetic parent to be a parent of the child; or

(5) Is neither identified nor excluded as a genetic parent by genetic testing and, based on other evidence, the court determines the alleged genetic parent to be a parent of the child.

(b) Subject to the limitations set forth in sections 46b-495 to 46b-505 , inclusive, if, in a proceeding involving an alleged genetic parent, at least one other person in addition to the person who gave birth to the child has a claim to parentage of the child, the court shall adjudicate parentage under section 46b-475 .

(c) If in a proceeding involving an alleged genetic parent, another person other than the person who gave birth is a parent of the child, the alleged genetic parent can seek a determination that such person is the child's parent under section 46b-475 , in addition to the existing parents. An adjudication of parentage under this subsection that the alleged genetic parent is a parent shall not disestablish the parentage of any other parent.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46b-150a — Connecticut Code / Title 46b / Chapter 815t / Section 46b-150a
Sec. 46b-150a. Investigation of petition for emancipation. Report. Appointment of counsel. Probate Court may order examination.
Status: in_force

(b) With respect to a petition filed in Probate Court pursuant to section 46b-150 , the Probate Court shall request an investigation by the Commissioner of Children and Families, unless this requirement is waived by the court for cause shown. The court shall appoint counsel to represent the minor. The costs of such counsel shall be paid by the minor, except that if such minor is unable to pay for such counsel and files an affidavit with the court demonstrating inability of the minor to pay, the reasonable compensation shall be established by, and paid from funds appropriated to, the Judicial Department. If funds have not been included in the budget of the Judicial Department for such purposes, such compensation shall be established by the Probate Court Administrator and paid from the Probate Court Administration Fund.

(c) Upon finding at the hearing or any time during the pendency of the proceeding in the Probate Court, that reasonable cause exists to warrant an examination, the court on its own motion or on motion of any party, may order the minor to be examined at a suitable place by a physician, psychiatrist or licensed psychologist appointed by the court. The court may also order examination of a parent whose competency or ability to care for a minor before the court is at issue. The expenses of any examination if ordered by the court on its own motion shall be paid for by the petitioner or if ordered on motion by a party, shall be paid for by the party moving for such an examination, unless such party or petitioner is unable to pay such expenses in which case they shall be paid for by funds appropriated to the Judicial Department. However, in the case of a probate matter, if funds have not been included in the budget of the Judicial Department for such purposes, such expenses shall be established by the Probate Court Administrator and paid from the Probate Court Administration Fund. The court may consider the results of the examinations in ruling on the merits of the petition.

Cited. 38 CS 503; 39 CS 35; 40 CS 349; 44 CS 437.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46a-83b — Connecticut Code / Title 46a / Chapter 814c / Section 46a-83b
Sec. 46a-83b. Alternative dispute resolution. Procedure. Binding arbitration. Voluntary mediation. Costs. Regulations.
Status: in_force

(b) If both parties agree to enter into alternate dispute resolution, they shall file with the commission a signed agreement stating (1) their intention to utilize alternate dispute resolution, (2) the type of alternate dispute resolution they intend to use and (3) the name of the alternate dispute resolution service provider or company. If the parties have agreed to submit the complaint to binding arbitration, the complainant shall attach a signed withdrawal of the complaint with prejudice.

(c) Within ten days of the receipt of the signed agreement to submit the complaint to binding arbitration and of the withdrawal, the commission shall notify the parties of its agreement to accept such arbitration or of its intention to pursue the complaint for public policy reasons. Upon the completion of the arbitration proceedings, the commission shall accept the withdrawal by the complainant and dismiss the complaint.

(d) Within ten days of receipt of a signed agreement to submit the complaint to voluntary mediation, the commission shall notify the parties of its suspension of processing of the complaint for no more than three months to allow the parties to pursue voluntary mediation or of its intention to pursue the complaint for public policy reasons.

(e) The costs of alternate dispute resolution shall be borne by the complainant or the respondent or both and not by the commission.

(f) The commission may adopt regulations, in accordance with chapter 54, to implement this section and to establish procedures and standards for alternate dispute resolution.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46a-83 — Connecticut Code / Title 46a / Chapter 814c / Section 46a-83
Sec. 46a-83. Complaint. Pre-answer conciliation conference. Answer. Case assessment review. Mediation conference. Early legal intervention. Complaint processing. Finding. Reconsideration. Attempt to eliminate discriminatory practice. Subpoenas. Order of default. Order of dismissal.
Status: in_force

(b) Except as provided in this subsection, not later than thirty days after the date (1) of receipt of the complaint, or (2) on which the commission determines that the pre-answer conciliation conference was unsuccessful, the respondent shall file a written answer to the complaint, under oath, with the commission. The respondent may request, and the commission may grant, one extension of time of not more than fifteen days within which to file a written answer to the complaint. An answer to any amendment to a complaint shall be filed within twenty days of the date of receipt to such amendment. The answer to any complaint alleging a violation of section 46a-64c or 46a-81e shall be filed not later than ten days after the date of receipt of the complaint.

(c) Not later than sixty days after the date of the filing of the respondent's answer, the executive director or the executive director's designee shall conduct a case assessment review to determine whether the complaint should be retained for further processing or dismissed because (1) it fails to state a claim for relief or is frivolous on its face, (2) the respondent is exempt from the provisions of this chapter, or (3) there is no reasonable possibility that investigating the complaint will result in a finding of reasonable cause. The case assessment review shall include the complaint, the respondent's answer and the responses to the commission's requests for information, and the complainant's comments, if any, to the respondent's answer and information responses. The executive director or the executive director's designee shall send notice of any action taken pursuant to the case assessment review in accordance with section 46a-86a . For any complaint dismissed pursuant to this subsection, the executive director or the executive director's designee shall issue a release of jurisdiction allowing the complainant to bring a civil action under section 46a-100 . This subsection and subsection (e) of this section shall not apply to any complaint alleging a violation of section 46a-64c or 46a-81e . The executive director shall report the results of the case assessment reviews made pursuant to this subsection to the commission quarterly during each year.

(d) Not later than sixty days after the date of sending notice that a complaint has been retained after a case assessment review, the executive director or the executive director's designee shall assign an investigator or commission legal counsel to hold a mandatory mediation conference. A mediation conference may but need not be held if the commission has held a pre-answer conciliation conference. The investigator or commission legal counsel assigned to conduct the mediation shall not be assigned to investigate the complaint. The mandatory mediation conference may not be scheduled for the same time as a fact-finding conference held pursuant to subsection (f) of this section. The mediator may hold additional mediation conferences to accommodate settlement discussions.

(e) If the complaint is not resolved after the mandatory mediation conference, the complainant, the respondent or the commission may at any time after such conference request early legal intervention. If a request for early legal intervention is made, a commission legal counsel shall determine not later than ninety days after the date of the request whether the complaint should be (1) heard pursuant to section 46a-84 , (2) processed pursuant to subsection (f) of this section, or (3) released from the jurisdiction of the commission. In making such determination, commission legal counsel may hold additional proceedings and may utilize and direct commission staff. If a commission legal counsel determines that the complaint should be processed pursuant to subsection (f) of this section, the commission legal counsel may recommend that the investigator make a finding of no reasonable cause. The investigator shall make such a finding unless the investigator believes the commission legal counsel made a mistake of fact. If the investigator intends to make a finding of reasonable cause after the commission legal counsel recommends otherwise, the investigator shall consult with the commission legal counsel.

(f) Not later than fifteen days after the date of (1) a mandatory mediation conference that fails to resolve a complaint, or (2) an early legal intervention decision to investigate a complaint, the executive director or the executive director's designee shall assign an investigator to process the complaint. The investigator may process the complaint by any lawful means of finding facts, including, but not limited to, a fact-finding conference, individual witness interviews, requests for voluntary disclosure of information, subpoenas of witnesses or documents, requests for admission of facts, interrogatories, site visits or any combination of these means for the purpose of determining whether there is reasonable cause for believing that a discriminatory practice has been or is being committed as alleged in the complaint. As used in this section and section 46a-84 , “reasonable cause” means a bona fide belief that the material issues of fact are such that a person of ordinary caution, prudence and judgment could believe the facts alleged in the complaint.

(g) (1) Before issuing a finding of reasonable cause or no reasonable cause, the investigator shall afford each party and each party's representative an opportunity to provide written or oral comments on all evidence in the commission's file, except as otherwise provided by federal law or the general statutes. The investigator shall consider such comments before making a finding. The investigator shall make a finding of reasonable cause or no reasonable cause in writing and shall list the factual findings on which it is based not later than one hundred ninety days from the date of the case assessment review, except that for good cause shown, the executive director or the executive director's designee may grant no more than two extensions of the investigation of three months each.

(2) If the investigator makes a finding that there is reasonable cause to believe that a violation of section 46a-64c has occurred, the complainant and the respondent shall have twenty days from sending of the reasonable cause finding to elect a civil action in lieu of an administrative hearing pursuant to section 46a-84 . If either the complainant or the respondent requests a civil action, the commission, through the Attorney General or a commission legal counsel, shall commence an action pursuant to subsection (b) of section 46a-89 , not later than ninety days after the date of receipt of the notice of election. If the Attorney General or a commission legal counsel believes that injunctive relief, punitive damages or a civil penalty would be appropriate, such relief, damages or penalty may also be sought. The jurisdiction of the Superior Court in an action brought under this subdivision shall be limited to such claims, counterclaims, defenses or the like that could be presented at an administrative hearing before the commission, had the complaint remained with the commission for disposition. A complainant may intervene as a matter of right in a civil action without permission of the court or the parties. If the Attorney General or commission legal counsel, as the case may be, determines that the interests of the state will not be adversely affected, the complainant or attorney for the complainant shall present all or part of the case in support of the complaint. If the Attorney General or a commission legal counsel determines that a material mistake of law or fact has been made in the finding of reasonable cause, the Attorney General or a commission legal counsel may decline to bring a civil action and shall remand the file to the investigator for further action. The investigator shall complete any such action not later than ninety days after receipt of such file.

(h) If the investigator issues a finding of no reasonable cause or if the complaint is dismissed pursuant to subsection (m) of this section, the complainant may file a written request for reconsideration with the executive director or the executive director's designee, not later than fifteen days from the sending of such finding or dismissal. A request for reconsideration shall state specifically the reasons why reconsideration should be granted. A commission legal counsel shall grant or reject reconsideration not later than ninety days after the date of the sending of such finding or dismissal. A commission legal counsel shall conduct such additional proceedings as may be necessary to render a decision on the request.

(i) After finding that there is reasonable cause to believe that a discriminatory practice has been or is being committed as alleged in the complaint, an investigator shall attempt to eliminate the practice complained of by conference, conciliation and persuasion not later than fifty days after the date of the finding. The refusal to accept a settlement shall not be grounds for dismissal of any complaint.

(j) No commissioner or employee of the commission may disclose, except to the parties or their representatives, what has occurred in the course of the commission's processing of a complaint, provided the commission may publish the facts in the case and any complaint that has been dismissed and the terms of conciliation when a complaint has been adjusted. Each party and his or her representative shall have the right to inspect and copy documents, statements of witnesses and other evidence pertaining to the complaint, except as otherwise provided by federal law or the general statutes.

(k) In the investigation of any complaint filed pursuant to this chapter, commission legal counsel may issue subpoenas requiring the production of records and other documents or compelling the attendance of witnesses.

(l) The executive director or the executive director's designee may enter an order of default against a respondent who (1) after notice, fails to answer a complaint in accordance with subsection (a) of this section or within such extension of time as may have been granted; (2) fails to answer interrogatories issued pursuant to subdivision (11) of section 46a-54 or fails to respond to a subpoena issued pursuant to subsection (k) of this section or subdivision (9) of section 46a-54 , provided the executive director or the executive director's designee shall consider any timely filed objection; (3) after notice and without good cause, fails to attend a fact-finding conference; or (4) after notice and without good cause, fails to attend a mandatory mediation conference. The respondent may make application to the executive director to vacate the default. Upon entry of an order of default or upon the decision of the executive director not to vacate the default, the executive director or the executive director's designee shall appoint a presiding officer to enter, after notice and hearing, an order eliminating the discriminatory practice complained of and making the complainant whole. The commission or the complainant may petition the Superior Court for enforcement of any order for relief pursuant to section 46a-95 .

(m) The executive director or the executive director's designee may enter an order of dismissal against a complainant who (1) after notice and without good cause, fails to attend a fact-finding conference; (2) after notice and without good cause, fails to attend a mandatory mediation conference; or (3) refuses to accept an offer of settlement where the respondent has eliminated the discriminatory practice complained of, taken steps to prevent a like occurrence in the future and offered full relief to the complainant.

Cited. 196 C. 208; 202 C. 601; 211 C. 129; 220 C. 192; Id., 307; 228 C. 545; 231 C. 328; 232 C. 91; Id., 117; 233 C. 28; 236 C. 96; Id., 250. Time limits set forth in section are mandatory. Id., 681. Cited. 237 C. 209.

Cited. 3 CA 464; 4 CA 423; 15 CA 569; 35 CA 474; 38 CA 506; 45 CA 476. As previously held, “reasonable cause” is synonymous with the term “probable cause”. 57 CA 767. Complainant has right to intervene in action brought by commission under former Subsec. (d)(2). 117 CA 30.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46b-567 — Connecticut Code / Title 46b / Chapter 818 / Section 46b-567
Sec. 46b-567. (Formerly Sec. 46b-169). Compelling disclosure of name of alleged genetic parent. Institution of action.
Status: in_force

(b) Any birth parent who, having been cited to appear before a judge of the Superior Court pursuant to subsection (a) of this section, fails to appear or fails to disclose or fails to proceed with a parentage action may be found to be in contempt of court and may be fined not more than two hundred dollars or imprisoned not more than one year, or both.

Annotation to former section 52-440b:

Cited. 165 C. 33.

Annotations to former section 46b-169:

Cited. 188 C. 354; 196 C. 403; 200 C. 656.

Cited. 11 CA 548.

Cited. 37 CS 560.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46b-82 — Connecticut Code / Title 46b / Chapter 815j / Section 46b-82
Sec. 46b-82. (Formerly Sec. 46-52). Alimony.
Status: in_force

(b) If the court, following a trial or hearing on the merits, enters an order pursuant to subsection (a) of this section, or section 46b-86 , and such order by its terms will terminate only upon the death of either party or the remarriage of the alimony recipient, the court shall articulate with specificity the basis for such order.

(c) Any postjudgment procedure afforded by chapter 906 shall be available to secure the present and future financial interests of a party in connection with a final order for the periodic payment of alimony.

See Sec. 17b-743 re direction that payments under support order be made to Commissioner of Administrative Services or local welfare department.

See Sec. 17b-744 re discontinuance of support payments to Commissioner of Administrative Services.

Annotations to former section 46-52:

Cited. 171 C. 23; Id., 219; Id., 278. Established judicial standards of review of awards of alimony developed under Sec. 46-21 apply to review of awards made under this section; trial court is guided in exercise of discretion by listing in this section of factors to be considered in awarding alimony. Id., 313. Cited. 172 C. 192. Wife's earning potential is important factor to be considered in awarding alimony. Id., 202. Cited. Id., 269; Id., 316; Id., 361; 173 C. 397; 174 C. 1; Id., 279; Id., 602; 176 C. 222; 178 C. 377. Discussion of ante nuptial agreements relating to property rights upon dissolution of the marriage. 181 C. 482. Cited. 183 C. 433.

Alimony. 33 CS 44.

Annotations to present section:

Cited. 177 C. 465; 178 C. 308; 179 C. 174; Id., 568; Id., 622. Alimony award based on demonstrated earning capacity is appropriate especially where defendant has wilfully depleted his earnings. 180 C. 184. The same criteria which determine initial alimony award are relevant to the question of modification. Id., 218. Cited. Id., 376. There is no absolute right to alimony. Id., 528. Court is not required to give equal weight to each of the specified items it considers in determining an award. Id., 530. Cited. Id., 705; 181 C. 145; 182 C. 19; 183 C. 35; Id., 96; Id., 253; Id., 512; 184 C. 36; Id., 406; Id., 513; 185 C. 7; Id., 42; Id., 141; Id., 156; Id., 275; Id., 491; Id., 573; 186 C. 167; Id., 191; Id., 311; Id., 709; Id., 773; 187 C. 249; 188 C. 98; Id., 232; Id., 354; Id., 385; Id., 736; 189 C. 129. Award of alimony under statute is not contingent upon a specific request. Id., 685. Cited. 190 C. 26; Id., 36; Id., 126; Id., 173; Id., 269; Id., 491; Id., 657; 191 C. 46; Id., 81; 193 C. 261; 194 C. 25; Id., 312; 197 C. 1. Contingent order could not be sustained as an award of alimony under this statute or as assignment of property under Sec. 46b-81; judgment of Appellate Court reversed. 204 C. 224. Cited. 207 C. 217; 210 C. 170; 211 C. 485; 213 C. 686; 214 C. 713; 216 C. 673; 218 C. 801; 220 C. 372; 221 C. 698; 222 C. 32; 225 C. 185; 228 C. 85; Id., 729; 231 C. 168; 234 C. 783. Judgment of Appellate Court in 34 CA 785 reversed with respect to its affirming decision of trial court that trust constitutes an asset of defendant for purpose of determining alimony. 235 C. 45. Doctrine of res judicata does not require all issues between spouses to be litigated in the dissolution proceeding. 236 C. 582. Cited. 240 C. 35. Court need not make explicit references to statutory criteria it considered in its decision resolving property and alimony disputes in dissolution of marriage action; judgment of Appellate Court in 40 CA 178 reversed. Id., 79. Standard for rehabilitative alimony discussed. 245 C. 506. Dual alimony orders are permitted and are not required to contain identical terms or conditions; as part of a nonexhaustive list, “needs of each of the parties” includes a party's need to travel in order to visit the party's children. 249 C. 265. Payments made regularly and consistently to a former spouse are to be considered by trial court in setting financial orders; there is no legal distinction between how to treat income between former spouse who pays support and former spouse who receives support. 262 C. 360. Capital gains not income for purposes of modification of alimony if gains are not a steady stream of income, but changes in value may be taken into consideration in considering a modification. 266 C. 641. Change in value of an asset awarded at time of dissolution may be considered when modifying an alimony award; failure to consider amount and sources of plaintiff's income and needs constitutes an abuse of discretion under statute. 283 C. 494. When a court has based a financial award on a party's earning capacity, the court must determine the specific dollar amount of the party's earning capacity. 309 C. 105. Trial court's mention of two factors in Sec. 46b-81 does not render lump sum award an improper property distribution. 323 C. 144.

Cited. 1 CA 158; Id., 172; Id., 400; Id., 604; Id., 686; 2 CA 14; Id., 141; Id., 179; Id., 416; Id., 425; Id., 472. Criteria to be considered for alimony awards do not include impracticability of the collection of alimony. Id., 590. Cited. 3 CA 25; Id., 679; 4 CA 489; Id., 575; Id., 611; 5 CA 67; Id., 95; Id., 185; Id., 484; 6 CA 471; Id., 632; 7 CA 41; 8 CA 50; Id., 76; 9 CA 432; Id., 486; Id., 498; 10 CA 466; Id., 570. Language of this section and Sec. 46b-62 does not provide for consideration of status of legal services rendered, whether private or nonprofit, in awarding attorney's fees. 11 CA 150. Cited. Id., 195; Id., 268; Id., 463; Id., 610; Id., 653; 12 CA 525; Id., 596; Id., 626; 13 CA 129; Id., 185; Id., 270; Id., 300; Id., 512; Id., 651; 14 CA 541; 15 CA 292; Id., 318; 16 CA 193; Id., 412; Id., 680; 17 CA 480; 18 CA 166; Id., 622; 19 CA 146; 20 CA 500; Id., 551; Id., 609; 21 CA 200; 22 CA 136; Id., 248; Id., 337; Id., 392; 23 CA 98; Id., 111; Id., 330; 24 CA 307; Id., 343; Id., 509; 25 CA 41; Id., 555; Id., 595; 26 CA 386; Id., 527; Id., 720; Id., 737; 27 CA 364; Id., 396; 28 CA 208; Id., 483; Id., 854; judgment reversed, see 228 C. 85; 30 CA 292; Id., 443; Id., 560; 31 CA 561; Id., 582; Id., 736; 32 CA 152; Id., 537; Id., 733; 33 CA 536; 34 CA 328; Id., 462; judgment reversed, see 232 C. 750; Id., 641; Id., 785; judgment reversed, see 235 C. 45; 35 CA 228; Id., 246; 36 CA 305; 39 CA 162; 40 CA 178; judgment reversed, see 240 C. 79; 41 CA 716; 43 CA 508; 44 CA 605; 46 CA 87. Life insurance is not a necessary form of security to assure payment of periodic alimony. 51 CA 530. Court order limiting duration of alimony payments to 10 years held not improper. 54 CA 304. Trial court may exercise broad discretion in awarding alimony. 57 CA 165. Plaintiff cannot succeed in claim that he is entitled to immediate appellate review of denial of his motion to dismiss on the proposition that section deprives any trial court of subject matter jurisdiction over a request for postjudgment alimony absent finding of a substantial change in circumstances where plaintiff's argument of lack of statutory jurisdiction does not support claim of lack of subject matter jurisdiction and appeal does not pass the State v. Curcio test. 61 CA 112. If party asserts health an issue in claim for alimony and is receiving Social Security disability benefits, such assertion can be refuted by introduction of evidence relevant to health. 66 CA 16. Court unable to discern whether contributions from parents were gifts or loans regarding motion to modify alimony and child support awards. 69 CA 251. Court not required to reference expressly the statutory criteria it considered in awarding alimony. Id., 472. Capital gains generated by an asset distributed in dissolution decree do not fall within purview of section; if an asset is property acquired by plaintiff after the dissolution, and, therefore, not distributed as part of the property assignment, then it is income that must be considered by court in an alimony modification; capital gains tax realized on sale of asset acquired after dissolution may be considered by court in determining whether there has been a substantial change in circumstances; appreciation of an asset that was distributed at time of dissolution does not constitute a change in circumstances that court may consider when deciding whether to entertain a motion for modification of alimony. 70 CA 772. In considering “amount and sources of income”, court cannot ignore fact that defendant receives a substantial year-end bonus simply because it is not received until the following year; provision does not require court to structure payment of alimony and child support to accommodate payor's compensation schedule. 71 CA 614. Duration of alimony in context of length of the marriage was not a properly considered “equitable factor”. 79 CA 488. Financial orders cannot be logically inconsistent with factual findings. 82 CA 378. Trial court did not abuse its discretion when it determined plaintiff lacked funds to defend appeal and ordered defendant to pay a set fee to plaintiff's attorney. 83 CA 478. Court statements re consideration of criteria for alimony means it considered and decided issue of alimony even though there was no express finding on alimony. 85 CA 772. Court must consider all statutory criteria but is free to accord whatever weight it determines appropriate to each statutory factor. 86 CA 665. Trial court properly considered defendant's cohabitation in relation to her financial situation in analyzing statutory factors and determining whether modification of alimony was warranted. 88 CA 674. Defendant's argument that court ignored several factors is unavailing since court is not required to make explicit reference to the statutory criteria that it considered in making its decision or to make express findings as to each statutory factor. 107 CA 488. Court abused its discretion by failing to award time limited or rehabilitative alimony to plaintiff who was found to be responsible for certain debts but could be in dire financial straits due to her inability to increase her earning capacity, receive alimony or receive a portion of the marital property. 125 CA 265. Real property may serve as security for the court's alimony award under section despite language in the prenuptial agreement prohibiting the transfer of interest in premarital net worth that includes such real property. 136 CA 773. A court must base its alimony orders on a case-by-case basis the available net income of the parties, not gross income, and a court may differentiate between an order that is a function of gross income and one that is based on gross income. 189 CA 353.

Cited. 41 CS 115.

Subsec. (a):

Appellate Court's conclusion that trial court improperly relied on total length of parties' relationship in crafting its financial orders was supported by record; under Sec. 46b-81(c) and this Subsec., a court shall consider length of parties' marriage, which does not include prior marriages or cohabitation preceding marriage. 280 C. 632.

Prior marriage and cohabitation between parties before their remarriage to each other are not to be included when calculating “length of the marriage” in remarriage divorce proceedings. 93 CA 618. Defendant's annual bonus constituted an “amount and source of income” that court should have considered when determining division of marital property and awarding alimony and child support, and matter should be remanded for recalculation of all awards even though child support award was calculated correctly. 98 CA 706. Court must consider all statutory criteria but there is no additional requirement that court specifically state how it weighed statutory criteria or explain in detail the importance assigned to each statutory factor. 99 CA 326.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46a-82d — Connecticut Code / Title 46a / Chapter 814c / Section 46a-82d
Sec. 46a-82d. Validation of actions filed on or before January 1, 1996, in which final judgment not entered. Petition to reopen action on or before October 1, 1996.
Status: in_force

(b) If any action filed pursuant to section 46a-94a , 46a-95 or 4-183 concerning a complaint filed pursuant to section 46a-82 on or before January 1, 1996, has failed to be tried on its merits because the action has been dismissed by the Superior Court for want of jurisdiction due to the failure of the Commission on Human Rights and Opportunities to comply with the time requirements of chapter 814c, a party to the action may, on or before October 1, 1996, petition the court to reopen such action. The court shall set aside the judgment and reinstate the case on the docket.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46b-15c — Connecticut Code / Title 46b / Chapter 815a / Section 46b-15c
Sec. 46b-15c. Out-of-court testimony in family relations matter when one party is subject to a protective order, restraining order or standing criminal protective order. Videoconference hearings permitted. Oaths. Cross-examination. Notice.
Status: in_force

(b) Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit any party's right to cross-examine a witness whose testimony is taken in a room other than the courtroom pursuant to an order under this section.

(c) An order under this section may remain in effect during the pendency of the proceedings in the family relations matter.

(d) A notice describing the provisions of subsection (a) of this section shall be (1) posted on the Internet web site of the Judicial Branch, (2) included in any written or electronic form that describes the automatic orders in cases involving a dissolution of marriage or legal separation under section 46b-40 , and (3) included in any written or electronic form provided to a person who receives a protective order under section 46b-38c , a standing criminal protective order under section 53a-40e or a restraining order, under section 46b-15 .
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46b-38qq — Connecticut Code / Title 46b / Chapter 815f / Section 46b-38qq
Sec. 46b-38qq. Merger of civil union into marriage by action of the parties.
Status: in_force

(b) After the celebration of such marriage and upon the recording of the license certificate or notarized affidavit with the registrar of vital statistics of the town where the marriage took place pursuant to section 46b-34 , the civil union of such persons shall be merged into the marriage by operation of law as of the date of the marriage stated in the certificate or affidavit.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46a-81f — Connecticut Code / Title 46a / Chapter 814c / Section 46a-81f
Sec. 46a-81f. Sexual orientation discrimination: Credit practices.
Status: repealed

(b) No liability may be imposed under this section for an act done or omitted in conformity with a regulation or declaratory ruling of the Banking Commissioner, the Federal Reserve Board, the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection or any other governmental agency having jurisdiction under the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, notwithstanding that after the act or omission the regulation or declaratory ruling may be amended, repealed or determined to be invalid for any reason.

Cited. 232 C. 91; 236 C. 453.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46a-82 — Connecticut Code / Title 46a / Chapter 814c / Section 46a-82
Sec. 46a-82. (Formerly Sec. 31-127). Complaint: Filing.
Status: in_force

(b) The commission, whenever it has reason to believe that any person has been engaged or is engaged in a discriminatory practice, may issue a complaint, except for a violation of subsection (a) of section 46a-80 .

(c) The commission, whenever it has reason to believe that any contractor or subcontractor is not complying with antidiscrimination statutes or contract provisions required under section 4a-60 , 4a-60a or 4a-60g or the provisions of sections 46a-68c to 46a-68f , inclusive, may issue a complaint.

(d) The commission may issue a complaint if: (1) An affirmative action plan filed pursuant to section 46a-68 is in violation of any of the provisions of section 4-61u or 4-61w , sections 46a-54 to 46a-64 , inclusive, section 46a-64c or sections 46a-70 to 46a-78 , inclusive; or (2) an agency, department, board or commission fails to submit an affirmative action plan required under section 46a-68 .

(e) Any employer whose employees, or any of them, refuse or threaten to refuse to comply with the provisions of section 46a-60 or 46a-81c may file with the commission a written complaint under oath asking for assistance by conciliation or other remedial action.

(f) (1) Any complaint filed pursuant to this section for an alleged act of discrimination that occurred prior to October 1, 2021, shall be filed within one hundred and eighty days after the date of the alleged act of discrimination, except that any complaint by a person (A) claiming to be aggrieved by a violation of subsection (a) of section 46a-80 that occurred before October 1, 2019, shall be filed within thirty days of the date of the alleged act of discrimination, and (B) claiming to be aggrieved by a violation of section 46a-60 , sections 46a-70 to 46a-78 , inclusive, or section 46a-80 or 46a-81c , that occurred on or after October 1, 2019, and prior to October 1, 2021, shall be filed not later than three hundred days after the date of the alleged act of discrimination.

(2) Any complaint filed pursuant to this section for an alleged act of discrimination that occurred on or after October 1, 2021, shall be filed within three hundred days after the date of the alleged act of discrimination.

Annotations to former section 31-127:

Former limitation period of 6 months did not begin to run until expiration of period within which it could reasonably be expected that application would be acted upon. 140 C. 537. Where nothing in the record indicated consideration of commission's complaint by commission members, complaint did not contain the date of the alleged unfair practice as required by regulation and nowhere in the statement of facts, finding or conclusion of the hearing tribunal did it appear when plaintiff was alleged to have committed the act charged, held the complaint and findings were defective and plaintiff's appeal from cease and desist order of commission's hearing tribunal should be sustained. 153 C. 174. Cited. Id., 652; 163 C. 327; 165 C. 318; 170 C. 327; 176 C. 291; 178 C. 700; 198 C. 479; 211 C. 464.

Order must be limited to unfair practice found to exist and should leave applicant free to determine whether or not he still seeks that employment; it should not be an affirmative order to employ the applicant. 17 CS 93. Former 6-month period of limitation cannot begin until the discrimination is established. 18 CS 131. Legislative intent was to impose mere administrative duty on chairman to appoint hearing tribunal after certification of complaint; no discretion involved; only hearing tribunal can determine whether unfair employment practice exists; Attorney General has no authority to overrule investigator's certification. 27 CS 147. Cited. 28 CS 344. Statute contemplates no determination of probable cause until after an investigation has been completed. 35 CS 565.

Annotations to present section:

Cited. 195 C. 226; Id., 543; 198 C. 479; 202 C. 601; Id., 609; 211 C. 464; 232 C. 91; 236 C. 250.

Cited. 3 CA 464; 44 CA 446.

Subsec. (a):

Statute does not require that specific statutory reference be stated in complaint. 46 CS 153.

Subsec. (e):

Filing requirement is not pure statute of limitations which may be raised only by a party as a special defense; commission has standing to raise time limit issue due to its institutional responsibilities in the petition process, which are different from those of a court; filing requirement is not subject matter jurisdictional; it is mandatory and subject to consent, waiver or equitable tolling. 257 C. 258.

Subsec. is a mandatory time limitation and is jurisdictional. 54 CA 251. Filing period commences upon actual cessation of employment, rather than notice thereof. 103 CA 188.

Subsec. (f):

Statute of limitations began to run on the last day the plaintiff worked, not on the date of notice thereof. 289 C. 57.

Town's failure to further investigate plaintiff's allegations, absent other allegations, does not constitute a discriminatory act from which the statute of limitations would run. 136 CA 278. Because allegations in the amended complaint present a different set of operative facts from those presented in the initial complaint, the relation back doctrine is inapplicable, and therefore allegations of retaliatory acts occurring more than 180 days prior to filing of amended complaint are time barred. 138 CA 141.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46a-77 — Connecticut Code / Title 46a / Chapter 814c / Section 46a-77
Sec. 46a-77. (Formerly Sec. 4-61j). Cooperation with commission required of state agencies. Compliance with Americans with Disabilities Act.
Status: in_force

(b) All state agencies shall comply with the commission's request for information concerning practices inconsistent with the state policy against discrimination and shall consider its recommendations for effectuating and implementing that policy.

(c) Each state agency shall comply in all of its services, programs and activities with the provisions of the Americans with Disabilities Act (42 USC 12101) to the same extent that it provides rights and protections for persons with physical or mental disabilities beyond those provided for by the laws of this state.

(d) The commission shall continue to augment its enforcement and education programs which seek to eliminate all discrimination.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46b-142 — Connecticut Code / Title 46b / Chapter 815t / Section 46b-142
Sec. 46b-142. (Formerly Sec. 51-323). Venue of petitions. Appeal to Appellate Court. Expedited hearing in termination of parental rights appeals.
Status: in_force

(b) The Department of Children and Families, or any party at interest aggrieved by any final judgment or order of the court, may appeal to the Appellate Court in accordance with the provisions of section 52-263 . The clerk in charge of such juvenile matters shall forthwith, after notice of any appeal, prepare and file with the clerk of the Appellate Court the certified copy of the record of the case from which such appeal has been taken. The name of the child or youth involved in any such appeal shall not appear on the record of the appeal, and the records and papers of any juvenile case filed in the Appellate Court shall be open for inspection only to persons having a proper interest therein and upon order of the court.

(c) Pending such appeal, the Superior Court may cause the child or youth to be detained in some suitable place as the court may direct, or may release the child or youth in the care of a parent, probation officer or other suitable person, and may require the appellant to enter into a bond or recognizance to the state, with surety or security conditioned that the child or youth shall appear before the Appellate Court and abide by the order and judgment.

(d) Notwithstanding subsections (a), (b) and (c) of this section, the Department of Children and Families, or any party to the action aggrieved by a final judgment in a termination of parental rights proceeding, shall be entitled to an expedited hearing before the Appellate Court. A final decision of the Appellate Court shall be issued as soon as practicable after the date on which the certified copy of the record of the case is filed with the clerk of the Appellate Court.

Annotations to former sections 17-70 and 51-323:

Cited. 158 C. 439; 162 C. 241; 165 C. 435; 168 C. 421.

Cited. 26 CS 316; 33 CS 100.

Annotations to present section:

Cited. 226 C. 497.

Cited. 43 CS 367.

Subsec. (b):

Cited. 177 C. 648. Commissioner is not entitled to appeal as a “party at interest”. 181 C. 292. Cited. 183 C. 11; 187 C. 431; 188 C. 259; Id., 557; 189 C. 58; Id., 66; Id., 276; 190 C. 310; Id., 428; Id., 715; 192 C. 254; 195 C. 303; Id., 344; 196 C. 18; 204 C. 630; 207 C. 270; Id., 725; 210 C. 157; Id., 435; 211 C. 151; Id., 289; 214 C. 454; 215 C. 31; Id., 277; 216 C. 563; 217 C. 459; 221 C. 109; 223 C. 492; Id., 557; 224 C. 263; 229 C. 345; Id., 691; 234 C. 194; 237 C. 364.

Cited. 1 CA 298; Id., 378; Id., 463; 2 CA 11; Id., 705; 3 CA 30; Id., 158; Id., 194; Id., 507; 4 CA 56; 6 CA 194; Id., 360; 8 CA 607; Id., 656; 9 CA 98; Id., 490; Id., 506; Id., 608; 10 CA 36; Id., 428; 11 CA 497; Id., 507; Id., 573; 12 CA 585; 13 CA 23; Id., 91; Id., 605; Id., 626; Id., 821; 14 CA 205; Id., 445; Id., 548; 15 CA 367; Id., 455; Id., 641; Id., 693; 17 CA 427; 18 CA 805; 19 CA 20; Id., 371; 20 CA 101; Id., 228; Id., 694; Id., 725; Id., 817; 21 CA 226; Id., 645; 22 CA 53; Id., 458; Id., 656; 23 CA 207; Id., 410; Id., 812; Id., 815; 24 CA 135; Id., 244; Id., 338; Id., 813; Id., 829; 25 CA 536; Id., 586; judgment reversed, see 223 C. 492; Id., 741; 26 CA 58; Id., 414; 27 CA 49; 28 CA 247; Id., 608; 29 CA 112; Id., 499; Id., 573; Id., 600; Id., 689; Id., 771; 30 CA 381; Id., 839; 31 CA 941; 32 CA 431; 33 CA 12; Id., 90; Id., 632; Id., 904; 34 CA 176; Id., 535; Id., 807; 35 CA 276; Id., 490; 36 CA 146; Id., 364; Id., 961; 38 CA 909; Id., 214; 39 CA 353; 40 CA 73; Id., 216; Id., 366; 42 CA 664; 44 CA 80; 45 CA 508; Id., 606; 46 CA 69; Id., 545; 47 CA 64.

Cited. 39 CS 35; Id., 490; Id., 514.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46a-89a — Connecticut Code / Title 46a / Chapter 814c / Section 46a-89a
Sec. 46a-89a. Granting of temporary injunction re discriminatory employment practice or discriminatory practice in sale or rental of residential or commercial property.
Status: in_force

(b) The court, or any judge thereof, after hearing, shall issue a temporary injunction upon a finding that irreparable loss or damage will result to the complainant in that (1) there is a substantial probability of loss of meaningful relief including but not limited to the availability of an employment opportunity or the rental or sale of a dwelling or commercial property or (2) there is a substantial probability of interference with the ability of the commission to provide meaningful relief as authorized by this chapter.

(c) Upon rendering a decision in favor of the commission on the petition for temporary injunctive relief, the court or judge shall simultaneously enter an order granting temporary injunctive relief and such other relief as deemed necessary and remand the complaint to the commission for further proceedings pursuant to this chapter.

(d) Upon rendering a decision in favor of the respondent on the petition for temporary injunctive relief, the court or judge shall simultaneously enter an order dissolving any injunctive relief, order, decree, temporary relief or restraining order theretofore issued against the respondent in the matter and remand the matter to the commission.

(e) Commencement of proceedings pursuant to section 46a-89 , this section or section 46a-90a shall not bar the commission from processing the complaint pursuant to the procedures set forth in this chapter.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46b-150d — Connecticut Code / Title 46b / Chapter 815t / Section 46b-150d
Sec. 46b-150d. Effect of emancipation.
Status: in_force

Cited. 38 CS 503; 39 CS 35; 40 CS 349; 44 CS 437.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46a-101 — Connecticut Code / Title 46a / Chapter 814c / Section 46a-101
Sec. 46a-101. Release of pending complaint alleging discriminatory practice. Expedited case assessment review. Time period for bringing action after release.
Status: in_force

(b) The complainant and the respondent, by themselves or their attorneys, may jointly request that the complainant receive a release from the commission at any time from the date of filing the complaint. The complainant or the complainant's attorney may request a release from the commission if the complaint is still pending after the expiration of one hundred eighty days from the date of its filing or after a case assessment review in accordance with subsection (c) of section 46a-83 , whichever is earlier. The executive director or the executive director's designee shall conduct an expedited case assessment review in accordance with subsection (c) of section 46a-83 if the commission receives a request for a release of jurisdiction from the complainant prior to one hundred eighty days from the date a complaint is filed.

(c) The executive director of the commission shall grant a release, allowing the complainant to bring a civil action, not later than ten business days after the date of receipt of the request for the release, except that if a case is scheduled for public hearing, the executive director may decline to issue a release. The commission may defer acting on a request for a release for thirty days if the executive director of the commission, or the executive director's designee, certifies that there is reason to believe that the complaint may be resolved within that period.

(d) Upon granting a release, the commission shall dismiss or otherwise administratively dispose of the discriminatory practice complaint pending with the commission without cost or penalty assessed to any party.

(e) Any action brought by the complainant in accordance with section 46a-100 shall be brought not later than ninety days after the date of the receipt of the release from the commission.

Cited. 231 C. 328; 236 C. 681.

Cited. 44 CA 446.

Subsec. (e):

Ninety-day time limitation for commencing action in Superior Court is mandatory, subject to waiver and equitable tolling, and not subject matter jurisdictional. 213 CA 128.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46a-88 — Connecticut Code / Title 46a / Chapter 814c / Section 46a-88
Sec. 46a-88. Enforcement of interrogatories.
Status: in_force

(b) The commission shall cause a copy of the petition provided for in subsection (a) of this section to be sent by registered or certified mail to the person from whom such answers are sought or his legal representative.

(c) The court shall assume jurisdiction over the proceedings provided for in this section and may, after hearing, or in the absence of objection, enter an order which it deems appropriate.

(d) The proceedings provided for in this section shall conform to the rules of practice of the Superior Court.

Cited. 202 C. 601; Id., 609; 211 C. 129.

Cited. 18 CA 126.