Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-277a — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 886 / Section 51-277a
Sec. 51-277a. Investigation and prosecution of the use of physical force by a peace officer, the death of a person in custody, failure of a peace officer to notify next of kin of a death or failure of a peace officer to intervene in or report an incident. Reporting upon conclusion of investigation.
Status: in_force

(2) (A) Except as provided under subdivision (1) of this subsection, whenever a person dies in the custody of a peace officer or law enforcement agency, the Inspector General shall investigate and determine whether physical force was used by a peace officer upon the deceased person, and if so, whether the use of physical force by the peace officer was justifiable under section 53a-22 . If the Inspector General determines the deceased person may have died as a result of criminal action not involving the use of force by a peace officer, the Inspector General shall refer such case to the Chief State's Attorney or a state's attorney for potential prosecution.

(B) Except as provided under subdivision (1) of this subsection or subparagraph (A) of subdivision (2) of this subsection, whenever a person dies in the custody of the Commissioner of Correction, the Inspector General shall investigate and determine whether the deceased person may have died as a result of criminal action, and, if so, refer such case to the Chief State's Attorney or a state's attorney for potential prosecution.

(3) Whenever a person who (A) is a next of kin of a deceased person, (B) is not notified of such deceased person's death as required pursuant to section 7-294mm and no other person who is a next of kin of the deceased person was so notified, and (C) requests of the Office of the Inspector General an investigation of the lack of notification or timely notification of such death, the Inspector General shall investigate and determine whether there was any malfeasance on the part of a peace officer or a supervisor of the peace officer in the failure to provide such notification or timely notification, and if so, may make recommendations to the Police Officer Standards and Training Council established under section 7-294b concerning censure, suspension, renewal, cancelation or revocation of the peace officer's or supervisor's certification, provided any such recommendation may be made to said council only in a case where such failure is found to be intentional or made with reckless indifference. If there is no finding that such failure was intentional or made with reckless indifference, a recommendation may be made to the officer's or supervisor's employing agency for any further disciplinary action as so determined by such employing agency.

(4) The Inspector General shall request the appropriate law enforcement agency to provide such assistance as is necessary to investigate and make a determination under subdivision (1), (2) or (3) of this subsection.

(5) Whenever a peace officer, in the performance of such officer's duties, uses physical force or deadly force upon another person and such person dies as a result thereof, the Inspector General shall complete a preliminary status report that shall include, but need not be limited to, (A) the name of the deceased person, (B) the gender, race, ethnicity and age of the deceased person, (C) the date, time and location of the injury causing such death, (D) the law enforcement agency involved, (E) the status on the toxicology report, if available, and (F) the death certificate, if available. The Inspector General shall complete the report and submit a copy of such report not later than five business days after the cause of the death is available to the Chief State's Attorney and, in accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a , to the joint standing committees of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to the judiciary and public safety.

(b) Upon the conclusion of the investigation of an incident described in subdivision (1) or (2) of subsection (a) of this section, the Inspector General shall file a report with the Chief State's Attorney which shall contain the following: (1) The circumstances of the incident, (2) a determination of whether the use of physical force by the peace officer was justifiable under section 53a-22 , and (3) any recommended future action to be taken by the Office of the Inspector General as a result of the incident. The Chief State's Attorney shall provide a copy of the report to the chief executive officer of the municipality in which the incident occurred and to the Commissioner of Emergency Services and Public Protection or the chief of police of such municipality, as the case may be, and shall make such report available to the public on the Division of Criminal Justice's Internet web site not later than forty-eight hours after the copies are provided to the chief executive officer and the commissioner or chief of police.

(c) The Office of the Inspector General shall prosecute any case in which the Inspector General determines that (1) the use of force by a peace officer was not justifiable under section 53a-22 , or (2) there was a failure to intervene in such incident or to report any such incident, as required under subsection (a) of section 7-282e or section 18-81nn .
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-345 — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 890 / Section 51-345
Sec. 51-345. (Formerly Sec. 52-42). Venue in civil actions and housing matters. Return of civil process.
Status: in_force

(1) If all of the parties reside outside this state, to the judicial district where (A) the injury occurred, (B) the transaction occurred, or (C) the property is located or lawfully attached.

(2) If the defendant is not a resident, to the judicial district where the attached property is located.

(3) If either or both the plaintiff or the defendant are residents of this state, to the judicial district where either the plaintiff or the defendant resides, except:

(A) If either the plaintiff or the defendant resides in the town of Manchester, East Windsor, South Windsor or Enfield, the action may be made returnable at the option of the plaintiff to either the judicial district of Hartford or the judicial district of Tolland.

(B) If either the plaintiff or the defendant resides in the town of Plymouth, the action may be made returnable at the option of the plaintiff to either the judicial district of New Britain or the judicial district of Waterbury.

(C) If either the plaintiff or the defendant resides in the town of Bethany, Milford, West Haven or Woodbridge, the action may be made returnable at the option of the plaintiff to either the judicial district of New Haven or the judicial district of Ansonia-Milford.

(D) If either the plaintiff or the defendant resides in the town of Southbury, the action may be made returnable at the option of the plaintiff to either the judicial district of Ansonia-Milford or the judicial district of Waterbury.

(E) If either the plaintiff or the defendant resides in the town of Darien, Greenwich, New Canaan, Norwalk, Stamford, Weston, Westport or Wilton, the action may be made returnable at the option of the plaintiff to either the judicial district of Stamford-Norwalk or the judicial district of Bridgeport.

(F) If either the plaintiff or the defendant resides in the town of Watertown or Woodbury, the action may be made returnable at the option of the plaintiff to either the judicial district of Waterbury or the judicial district of Litchfield.

(G) If either the plaintiff or the defendant resides in the town of Avon, Canton, Farmington or Simsbury, the action may be made returnable at the option of the plaintiff to either the judicial district of Hartford or the judicial district of New Britain.

(H) If either the plaintiff or the defendant resides in the town of Newington, Rocky Hill or Wethersfield, the action may be made returnable at the option of the plaintiff to either the judicial district of Hartford or the judicial district of New Britain, except for actions where venue is in the geographical area as provided in section 51-348 or in rules of court.

(I) If either the plaintiff or the defendant resides in the town of Cromwell, the action may be made returnable at the option of the plaintiff to either the judicial district of Hartford or the judicial district of Middlesex.

(J) If either the plaintiff or the defendant resides in the town of New Milford, the action may be made returnable at the option of the plaintiff to either the judicial district of Danbury or the judicial district of Litchfield.

(K) If either the plaintiff or the defendant resides in the town of Windham or Ashford, the action may be made returnable at the option of the plaintiff to either the judicial district of Windham or the judicial district of Tolland.

(b) Actions involving land. In all actions involving the title to land, for trespass to land and to foreclose or redeem mortgages or liens upon real property, civil process shall be made returnable to the judicial district where the real property is located, either entirely or in part, except:

(1) If the land is located in the town of Manchester, East Windsor, South Windsor or Enfield and either the plaintiff or the defendant resides in the town of Manchester, East Windsor, South Windsor or Enfield, the action may be made returnable at the option of the plaintiff to either the judicial district of Hartford or the judicial district of Tolland.

(2) If the land is located in the town of Plymouth and either the plaintiff or the defendant resides in the town of Plymouth, the action may be made returnable at the option of the plaintiff to either the judicial district of New Britain or the judicial district of Waterbury.

(3) If the land is located in the town of Bethany, Milford, West Haven or Woodbridge and either the plaintiff or the defendant resides in the town of Bethany, Milford, West Haven or Woodbridge, the action may be made returnable at the option of the plaintiff to either the judicial district of New Haven or the judicial district of Ansonia-Milford.

(4) If the land is located in the town of Southbury and either the plaintiff or the defendant resides in the town of Southbury, the action may be made returnable at the option of the plaintiff to either the judicial district of Ansonia-Milford or the judicial district of Waterbury.

(5) If the land is located in the town of Weston, Westport or Wilton and either the plaintiff or the defendant resides in any one of these towns, the action may be made returnable at the option of the plaintiff to either the judicial district of Stamford-Norwalk or the judicial district of Bridgeport.

(6) If the land is located in the town of Watertown or Woodbury and either the plaintiff or the defendant resides in the town of Watertown or Woodbury, the action may be made returnable at the option of the plaintiff to either the judicial district of Waterbury or the judicial district of Litchfield.

(7) If the land is located in the town of Avon, Canton, Farmington or Simsbury and either the plaintiff or the defendant resides in the town of Avon, Canton, Farmington or Simsbury, the action may be made returnable at the option of the plaintiff to either the judicial district of Hartford or the judicial district of New Britain.

(8) If the land is located in the town of Newington, Rocky Hill or Wethersfield and either the plaintiff or the defendant resides in the town of Newington, Rocky Hill or Wethersfield, the action may be made returnable at the option of the plaintiff to either the judicial district of Hartford or the judicial district of New Britain, except for actions where venue is in the geographical area as provided in section 51-348 or in rules of court.

(9) If the land is located in the town of New Milford and either the plaintiff or the defendant resides in the town of New Milford, the action may be made returnable at the option of the plaintiff to either the judicial district of Danbury or the judicial district of Litchfield.

(c) Actions by a domestic or foreign business organization. In all actions by a domestic or foreign business organization, except actions made returnable under subsection (b), (d) or (g) of this section, civil process shall be made returnable as follows:

(1) If the plaintiff is a domestic business organization and the defendant is a resident, either (A) to the judicial district where the plaintiff has an office or place of business, or (B) to the judicial district where the defendant resides, except:

(i) If the plaintiff has an office or place of business in the town of Manchester, East Windsor, South Windsor or Enfield, the action may be made returnable at the option of the plaintiff to either the judicial district of Hartford or the judicial district of Tolland.

(ii) If the plaintiff has an office or place of business in the town of Plymouth, the action may be made returnable at the option of the plaintiff to either the judicial district of New Britain or the judicial district of Waterbury.

(iii) If the plaintiff has an office or place of business in the town of Bethany, Milford, West Haven or Woodbridge, the action may be made returnable at the option of the plaintiff to either the judicial district of New Haven or the judicial district of Ansonia-Milford.

(iv) If the plaintiff has an office or place of business in the town of Southbury, the action may be made returnable at the option of the plaintiff to either the judicial district of Ansonia-Milford or the judicial district of Waterbury.

(v) If the plaintiff has an office or place of business in the town of Darien, Greenwich, New Canaan, Norwalk, Stamford, Weston, Westport or Wilton, the action may be made returnable at the option of the plaintiff to either the judicial district of Stamford-Norwalk or the judicial district of Bridgeport.

(vi) If the plaintiff has an office or place of business in the town of Watertown or Woodbury, the action may be made returnable at the option of the plaintiff to either the judicial district of Waterbury or the judicial district of Litchfield.

(vii) If the plaintiff has an office or place of business in the town of Avon, Canton, Farmington or Simsbury, the action may be made returnable at the option of the plaintiff to either the judicial district of Hartford or the judicial district of New Britain.

(viii) If the plaintiff has an office or place of business in the town of Newington, Rocky Hill or Wethersfield, the action may be made returnable at the option of the plaintiff to either the judicial district of Hartford or the judicial district of New Britain, except for actions where venue is in the geographical area as provided in section 51-348 or in rules of court.

(ix) If the plaintiff has an office or place of business in the town of Cromwell, the action may be made returnable at the option of the plaintiff to either the judicial district of Hartford or the judicial district of Middlesex.

(x) If the plaintiff has an office or place of business in the town of New Milford, the action may be made returnable at the option of the plaintiff to either the judicial district of Danbury or the judicial district of Litchfield.

(xi) If the plaintiff has an office or place of business in the town of Windham or Ashford, the action may be made returnable at the option of the plaintiff to either the judicial district of Windham or the judicial district of Tolland.

(2) If the plaintiff is a domestic business organization and the defendant is a domestic or foreign business organization, to the judicial district where (A) the plaintiff has an office or place of business, (B) the injury occurred, (C) the transaction occurred, or (D) the property is located or lawfully attached, except:

(i) If the plaintiff has an office or place of business in the town of Manchester, East Windsor, South Windsor or Enfield, the action may be made returnable at the option of the plaintiff to either the judicial district of Hartford or the judicial district of Tolland.

(ii) If the plaintiff has an office or place of business in the town of Plymouth, the action may be made returnable at the option of the plaintiff to either the judicial district of New Britain or the judicial district of Waterbury.

(iii) If the plaintiff has an office or place of business in the town of Bethany, Milford, West Haven or Woodbridge, the action may be made returnable at the option of the plaintiff to either the judicial district of New Haven or the judicial district of Ansonia-Milford.

(iv) If the plaintiff has an office or place of business in the town of Southbury, the action may be made returnable at the option of the plaintiff to either the judicial district of Ansonia-Milford or the judicial district of Waterbury.

(v) If the plaintiff has an office or place of business in the town of Darien, Greenwich, New Canaan, Norwalk, Stamford, Weston, Westport or Wilton, the action may be made returnable at the option of the plaintiff to either the judicial district of Stamford-Norwalk or the judicial district of Bridgeport.

(vi) If the plaintiff has an office or place of business in the town of Watertown or Woodbury, the action may be made returnable at the option of the plaintiff to either the judicial district of Waterbury or the judicial district of Litchfield.

(vii) If the plaintiff has an office or place of business in the town of Avon, Canton, Farmington or Simsbury, the action may be made returnable at the option of the plaintiff to either the judicial district of Hartford or the judicial district of New Britain.

(viii) If the plaintiff has an office or place of business in the town of Newington, Rocky Hill or Wethersfield, the action may be made returnable at the option of the plaintiff to either the judicial district of Hartford or the judicial district of New Britain, except for actions where venue is in the geographical area as provided in section 51-348 or in rules of court.

(ix) If the plaintiff has an office or place of business in the town of Cromwell, the action may be made returnable at the option of the plaintiff to either the judicial district of Hartford or the judicial district of Middlesex.

(x) If the plaintiff has an office or place of business in the town of New Milford, the action may be made returnable at the option of the plaintiff to either the judicial district of Danbury or the judicial district of Litchfield.

(xi) If the plaintiff has an office or place of business in the town of Windham or Ashford, the action may be made returnable at the option of the plaintiff to either the judicial district of Windham or the judicial district of Tolland.

(3) If the plaintiff is a foreign business organization and the defendant is a resident, to the judicial district where the defendant resides.

(4) If the plaintiff is a foreign business organization and the defendant is a domestic or foreign business organization, to the judicial district where (A) the injury occurred, (B) the transaction occurred, or (C) the property is located or lawfully attached.

(d) Actions involving consumer transactions. In all actions involving consumer transactions, civil process shall be made returnable to the judicial district where the consumer resides or where the transaction occurred. For the purposes of this subsection, “consumer transaction” means a transaction in which a natural person obligates himself or herself to pay for goods sold or leased, services rendered or moneys loaned for personal, family or household purposes.

(e) Actions for partition or sale. In all actions for the partition or sale of any property, civil process shall be made returnable to the judicial district where the parties, or one of them, reside; but, if none of them resides in this state, then to the judicial district where all or a part of the property is located.

(f) Actions by nonresident fiduciary. In all actions by a nonresident executor, trustee under a will or administrator, civil process shall be made returnable to the same judicial district as would be proper if the plaintiff resided in the town where the Probate Court which granted administration is held.

(g) Small claims matters. Venue for small claims matters shall be at Superior Court facilities designated by the Chief Court Administrator to hear such matters. In small claims matters, civil process shall be made returnable to the Superior Court facility designated by the Chief Court Administrator to serve the small claims area where the plaintiff resides, where the defendant resides or is doing business or where the transaction or injury occurred. If the plaintiff is a domestic or foreign business organization, civil process shall be made returnable to a Superior Court facility designated by the Chief Court Administrator to serve the small claims area where the defendant resides or is doing business or where the transaction or injury occurred.

(h) Housing matters. (1) In all actions involving housing matters, as defined in section 47a-68 , civil process shall be made returnable to the judicial district where the premises are located, except that actions described in subdivision (6) of section 47a-68 shall be heard in the geographical area where the premises are located unless otherwise provided in subsection (d) of section 51-348 .

(2) Notwithstanding the provisions of subdivision (1) of this subsection concerning the judicial district to which civil process shall be made returnable:

(A) If the premises are located in Avon, Canton, Farmington, Newington, Rocky Hill, Simsbury or Wethersfield, the action may be made returnable at the option of the plaintiff to either the judicial district of Hartford or the judicial district of New Britain.

(B) If the premises are located in Ansonia, Beacon Falls, Derby, Oxford, Seymour or Shelton, the action shall be made returnable to the judicial district of Ansonia-Milford. After the filing of the action, the plaintiff or the defendant may request a change in venue to the judicial district of New Haven or the judicial district of Waterbury.

(C) If the premises are located in Milford, Orange or West Haven, the action shall be made returnable to the judicial district of New Haven.

Annotations to former section 52-42:

Title to land not in question in foreclosure suit. 6 C. 198; 27 C. 564. Nor in action for mesne profits. 1 D. 263. Suits against corporations may be brought where any stockholder lives. 13 C. 202. Attachment made before receipt of process is insufficient. 43 C. 183. Replevin is in the nature of a transitory action. 66 C. 549. District court cannot determine the title to real estate which is not within the district; court of common pleas in the judicial district of Waterbury can settle title to land only if it lies within the district. 72 C. 698. Scire facias on judgment must be brought in county where judgment was rendered. 74 C. 89. It has concurrent jurisdiction with court of common pleas of New Haven county where plaintiff lives in the district and defendant in New Haven. 96 C. 283. In case of necessary joinder of parties if one plaintiff or defendant resides in one county and the rest in another, action may be brought in either county; but nonresident receiver cannot join defendant stockholders residing in different counties where liability of each is separate. 121 C. 220. Cited. 130 C. 326; 146 C. 370; 153 C. 131.

The process of attachment with respect to an in personam judgment is ancillary to and distinct from the process of service and invalidity of attachment does not abate the entire action. 11 CS 261. Declaratory judgment is not an ordinary civil action but is an action sui generis. 12 CS 276. Service on motor vehicle commissioner at his office where both parties are nonresidents establishes venue in Hartford; the personal residence of the agent on whom substituted service is to be made is immaterial. 18 CS 442. Cited. 20 CS 350. Legislative history discussed. 28 CS 451.

Annotations to present section:

Cited. 235 C. 595.

Cited. 10 CA 45.

Subsec. (a):

Subdiv. (1): Motion to dismiss denied; where court has jurisdiction but no venue, and no other court has venue, plaintiff's right to be heard prevails and court has an obligation to hear the case. 46 CA 110.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-240 — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 884 / Section 51-240
Sec. 51-240. Examination of jurors in civil actions.
Status: in_force

(b) If the judge before whom the examination is held is of the opinion from the examination that any juror would be unable to render a fair and impartial verdict, the juror shall be excused by the judge from any further service upon the panel, or in the action, as the judge determines.

(c) The right of examination shall not be abridged by requiring questions to be put to any juror in writing and submitted in advance of the commencement of the action.

See Sec. 54-82f re voir dire examination.

Refusal of trial court to permit examination need not be excepted to. 89 C. 47. In a criminal case, such an examination rests in the discretion of the court. 69 C. 186; 80 C. 614. Court may exclude trivial questions. 72 C. 722. Impressions derived from newspapers; finality of judge's decision. 71 C. 294; 74 C. 638; 109 C. 572. Association of juror with counsel. 72 C. 435. Statute as to errors in summoning jury not applicable to overruling of proper challenge. 80 C. 614. Interest in insurance company which is real defendant. 82 C. 272. Extent of examination of prospective jurors is within discretion of trial court, reversible only if abused; statute does not authorize inquiry as to effect of an assumed state of facts upon juror's attitude or decision. 126 C. 578. Court has power, after a juror has been accepted, up to the time the juror is sworn, to permit a peremptory challenge where ends of justice so require. 134 C. 530. Asking jurors what they would expect by way of care from a young boy, within discretion of court. 137 C. 51. Trial court has discretion to determine proper bounds of inquiry on voir dire; inquiries concerning assumptions concerning evidence or instructions in charge are discouraged. 141 C. 360. Whether a venireman harbors any prejudice against black people as a race had direct bearing on his qualifications to sit as juror where defendant was black. 143 C. 138. Court may properly exclude question put to veniremen which is vague and ambiguous. 148 C. 266. Cited. Id., 596. Trial court is vested with wide discretion in conducting examination of jurors. 158 C. 389. Trial court has discretion to determine proper bounds of inquiry on voir dire; inquiries concerning assumptions regarding evidence or instructions in charge are discouraged. 160 C. 171. Ruling of trial judge in voir dire examination is reversible error only when judge has clearly abused his discretion or harmful prejudice has resulted. 172 C. 172. Time limitation imposed for voir dire was arbitrary and constituted reversible error. 173 C. 102. Cited. Id., 317; 188 C. 432; 202 C. 158; 203 C. 570; 218 C. 386.

Cited. 2 CA 58. Court did not improperly compel plaintiff to attend jury selection. 108 CA 156.

Cited. 33 CS 599.

Defendant in bastardy proceeding has absolute right to voir dire and did not waive it by proceeding to trial after his objection was overruled. 4 Conn. Cir. Ct. 639.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-81d — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 876 / Section 51-81d
Sec. 51-81d. Client Security Fund.
Status: in_force

(b) All fees assessed pursuant to subsection (a) of this section and collected by the Superior Court in accordance with rules established by the judges of the Superior Court may be recorded with the State Comptroller and deposited with the State Treasurer, who shall credit such payments to the Client Security Fund. The State Treasurer shall maintain the Client Security Fund separate and apart from all other moneys, funds and accounts and shall credit any interest earned from the Client Security Fund to the fund. The Client Security Fund shall be maintained by the State Treasurer in trust for the sole and exclusive purposes and uses designated in this section. The moneys in the Client Security Fund are not tax revenues and may not be transferred or credited to the General Fund or any other fund or account except as expressly directed by the committee established to administer the fund and in accordance with rules established by the judges of the Superior Court.

(c) The Client Security Fund shall be used to satisfy the claims approved in accordance with procedures established pursuant to rules of the Superior Court, to provide funding for crisis intervention and referral assistance provided pursuant to this section, to make grants-in-aid to the organization administering the program for the use of interest earned on lawyers' clients' funds accounts pursuant to section 51-81c , for the purpose of funding the delivery of legal services to the poor, and to pay the reasonable costs of administration of the fund. Only moneys deposited in the Client Security Fund on or after October 1, 2016, may be used to make any such grants-in-aid to the organization administering the program for the use of interest earned on lawyers' clients' funds accounts pursuant to section 51-81c .

(d) No such fee shall be assessed to any attorney described in subsection (g) of section 51-81b , except that any attorney who does not engage in the practice of law as an occupation and receives less than one thousand dollars in legal fees or other compensation for services involving the practice of law during the calendar year shall be obligated to pay one-half of such fee.

(e) The Commissioner of Revenue Services shall notify the Chief Court Administrator or his designee of the failure of any person to pay any fee assessed in accordance with subsection (a) of this section.

(f) All information given or received in connection with crisis intervention and referral assistance provided pursuant to this section, including the identity of any attorney seeking or receiving such crisis intervention and referral assistance, shall be confidential and shall not be disclosed to any third person other than a person to whom disclosure is reasonably necessary for the accomplishment of the purposes of such crisis intervention and referral assistance, and shall not be disclosed in any civil or criminal case or proceeding or in any legal or administrative proceeding, unless the attorney seeking or obtaining such crisis intervention and referral assistance waives such privilege or unless disclosure is otherwise required by law. Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, no attorney who provides crisis intervention and referral assistance pursuant to this section shall disclose any information given or received in connection with such crisis intervention and referral assistance unless such disclosure is required by the rules governing communications between attorney and client. Unless the privilege under this subsection has been waived or unless disclosure is otherwise required by law, no person in any civil or criminal case or proceeding or in any legal or administrative proceeding may request or require any information given or received in connection with the crisis intervention and referral assistance provided pursuant to this section.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-51k — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 872a / Section 51-51k
Sec. 51-51k. Judicial Review Council.
Status: in_force

(b) Alternate members. An alternate member who is a judge, attorney-at-law or person who is not a judge or attorney-at-law shall serve at probable cause hearings and public hearings in lieu of a member who is a judge, attorney-at-law or person who is not a judge or attorney-at-law, respectively, when such member is absent or disqualified, as designated by the executive director of the council. An alternate member who is an administrative law judge shall serve as a member of the council in lieu of one of the members who is a judge of the Superior Court, as designated by the executive director, when the subject of a complaint or investigation is an administrative law judge. An alternate member who is a family support magistrate shall serve as a member of the council in lieu of one of the members who is a judge of the Superior Court, as designated by the executive director, when the subject of a complaint or investigation is a family support magistrate. An alternate member shall have the same power as the member he or she is temporarily replacing during the absence or disqualification of the member.

(c) Appointment and terms of members on and after December 1, 1992. On and after December 1, 1992, members shall be appointed in accordance with subsection (a) of this section as follows: One judge shall be appointed for a term of two years, one judge shall be appointed for a term of three years and one judge shall be appointed for a term of four years; one attorney shall be appointed for a term of two years, one attorney shall be appointed for a term of three years and one attorney shall be appointed for a term of four years; two lay members shall be appointed for terms of two years, two lay members shall be appointed for terms of three years, and two lay members shall be appointed for terms of four years. Thereafter, members shall serve for terms of four years. Members may continue in office until a successor is appointed and qualified. No member appointed on or after December 1, 1992, may serve consecutive terms, and if the member is an attorney, no member of his or her firm may serve a term consecutive to such member, provided no member may serve for more than two terms. Vacancies on the council shall be filled for the unexpired portion of any term in the same manner as the original appointment. Any member who is a judge, a family support magistrate or an administrative law judge and retires from full-time active service as a judge, a family support magistrate or an administrative law judge shall automatically cease to be a member of the council, and a vacancy shall be deemed to occur. Alternate members shall be appointed for terms of three years and shall not serve consecutive terms as alternate members.

(d) Holding elected or appointed positions restricted. No member of the council, except a judge, a family support magistrate or an administrative law judge, may hold any elected or appointed position with compensation within the state or United States, or be a selectman or chief executive officer of any municipality, or a full or part-time employee of the Judicial Department or Workers' Compensation Commission, or a member of a national or state central committee, or a chairperson of any political party.

(e) Executive director. (1) The Judicial Review Council shall employ an executive director and such other staff as is necessary for the performance of its functions and duties.

(2) The executive director may investigate any complaint filed pursuant to section 51-51 l and present evidence obtained pursuant to any such investigation to the council.

(f) Brochure. The Judicial Review Council shall develop a concise brochure written in plain language to provide the public with information concerning the purpose, authority, jurisdiction and process of the Judicial Review Council. The council shall distribute the brochure to all court administrative offices and to any person who files a complaint pursuant to section 51-51 l .

(g) Annual report. The Judicial Review Council shall submit to the Governor, the Judicial Department, the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to the Judicial Review Council, and the judges of the Superior Court annually on or before September first, a report of its activities for the previous fiscal year, including the number of complaints received and the number of each type of complaint disposition, including the number of dismissals, the number of admonishments and the number of cases in which probable cause was found.

(h) Office space. The Commissioner of Administrative Services shall provide the Judicial Review Council office space for the conduct of duties of the council.

(i) Regulations. The Judicial Review Council shall adopt regulations in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54 to establish rules and procedures for the council in the discharge of its duties under this chapter and to provide standards for the identification of and procedures for the treatment of conflicts of interest for council members, which standards shall require that any professional or ethical codes of conduct shall apply to any professional member of the council subject to such codes of conduct.

Cited. 193 C. 180; 227 C. 784.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-44a — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 872 / Section 51-44a
Sec. 51-44a. Judicial Selection Commission. Members. Duties. Nomination of judges by Governor.
Status: in_force

(b) The members of the commission shall be appointed as follows: The Governor shall appoint six members, one from each congressional district and one at-large member, three of whom shall be attorneys-at-law and three of whom shall not be attorneys-at-law; the president pro tempore of the Senate shall appoint one member who shall be an attorney-at-law; the speaker of the House of Representatives shall appoint one member who shall not be an attorney-at-law; the majority leader of the Senate shall appoint one member who shall not be an attorney-at-law; the majority leader of the House of Representatives shall appoint one member who shall be an attorney-at-law; the minority leader of the Senate shall appoint one member who shall not be an attorney-at-law; and the minority leader of the House of Representatives shall appoint one member who shall be an attorney-at-law.

(c) The members of the commission shall elect a chairperson from among the members appointed by the Governor.

(d) (1) The members of the commission shall serve for terms of three years.

(2) Members appointed on or after June 26, 2003, shall serve for terms of three years and, notwithstanding the provisions of section 4-1 , until their successors are appointed and have qualified or ninety days after the completion of their terms, whichever is earlier.

(3) Members serving on June 26, 2003, shall continue to serve as members until the end of their terms and, notwithstanding the provisions of section 4-1 , until their successors are appointed and have qualified or ninety days after the completion of their terms, whichever is earlier, except that members serving on June 26, 2003, who have completed their terms and are serving until their successors are appointed and have qualified shall, notwithstanding the provisions of section 4-1 , continue to serve until their successors are appointed and have qualified, but not later than January 1, 2004.

(4) Any vacancy in the membership of the commission shall be filled for the unexpired portion of the term by the appointing authority. The members of the commission shall receive no compensation for their services but shall be reimbursed for any necessary expenses incurred in the performance of their duties.

(5) No member of the commission may serve consecutive terms, except that if, on or after June 26, 2003, a person is appointed a member of the commission to fill a vacancy and complete an unexpired term, such person may serve an additional term. If a commission member is an attorney, no member of the commission member's firm may serve a term consecutive to such commission member.

(e) The commission shall evaluate incumbent judges who seek reappointment to the same court and shall forward to the Governor for consideration the names of incumbent judges who are recommended for reappointment as provided in this subsection. The commission shall adopt regulations in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54 concerning criteria by which to evaluate incumbent judges who seek reappointment to the same court; provided pending adoption of such regulations, the commission shall use criteria established prior to June 22, 1989, for the evaluation of such judges. In evaluating the reappointment of an incumbent judge, the commission shall consider the legal ability, competence, integrity, character and temperament of such judge and any other relevant information concerning such judge. There shall be a presumption that each incumbent judge who seeks reappointment to the same court qualifies for retention in judicial office. The burden of rebutting such presumption shall be on the commission. The commission shall investigate and interview each incumbent judge who seeks reappointment and, prior to the expiration of a term of office of such judge, shall recommend such incumbent judge for nomination for reappointment by the Governor to the same court unless, as provided in this subsection, recommendation of such judge is denied. If a preliminary examination indicates further inquiry is necessary before a recommendation of reappointment may be made, the commission shall hold a hearing concerning the reappointment of such judge. The commission shall send notice to the judge by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, not less than one hundred eighty days prior to the convening of such legislative session which is to consider the reappointment of the incumbent judge, (A) that a hearing by the commission on such reappointment shall be held and of the time, date and place of such hearing, which shall be not less than thirty days nor more than forty-five days after the date of such notice and (B) of specific claims made against the judge. The commission shall make a record of all hearings conducted pursuant to this subsection. The hearing may be open to the public at the request of the judge. For purposes of conducting a hearing under this subsection, not less than ten members of the commission shall be present and voting. A judge appearing before such a hearing shall be entitled to counsel, to present evidence and to cross-examine witnesses who appear voluntarily. No judge shall be required to sign or execute any release in order to proceed with the hearing. The commission shall not later than twenty days after the close of such hearing render its decision whether it shall recommend such incumbent judge for nomination for reappointment by the Governor. Any affirmative vote of a majority plus one of the members present and voting shall be required to deny recommendation to the Governor for nomination of an incumbent judge to the same court. A judge who has not received approval by the commission may within ten days after receipt of the notice of decision, which shall include a record of the numerical vote, request a rehearing on the grounds that the conclusions of the commission are contrary to the evidence presented at the hearing or the commission failed to comply with the procedural or substantive requirements of this section. The decision of the commission shall be final. There shall be no right of appeal by any judge appearing before the commission, at law or in equity, or any resort to any court following the decision of the commission.

(f) Except as provided in subsection (e) of this section, the commission shall seek qualified candidates for consideration by the Governor for nomination as judges for the Superior Court, Appellate Court and Supreme Court. The commission shall adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, concerning criteria by which to evaluate the qualifications of candidates, including incumbent judges who seek appointment to a different court. The commission shall investigate and interview the candidates, including incumbent judges seeking appointment to a different court. A list of such qualified candidates shall be compiled by the commission.

(g) In connection with any inquiry concerning the reappointment of an incumbent judge, the commission shall have the power to issue subpoenas requiring the attendance of witnesses and the production of any books or papers which in the judgment of the commission are relevant to the inquiry. The commission may, upon request of the judge whose reappointment is at issue, issue a subpoena on behalf of such judge. If any person disobeys such process or, having appeared in obedience thereto refuses to answer any pertinent question put to him by the commission, or to produce any books and papers pursuant thereto, the commission, on its own behalf or on behalf of the judge, may apply to the superior court for the judicial district of Hartford setting forth such disobedience to process or refusal to answer, and said court may cite such person to appear before said court to answer such question or to produce such books and papers and, upon his refusal so to do shall commit him to a community correctional center, there to remain until he so testifies.

(h) (1) Judges of all courts, except those courts to which judges are elected, shall be nominated by the Governor exclusively from the list of candidates or incumbent judges submitted by the Judicial Selection Commission. Any candidate or incumbent judge who is nominated from such list by the Governor to be Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, and who is appointed Chief Justice by the General Assembly, shall serve a term of eight years from the date of appointment. The Governor shall nominate a candidate for a vacancy in a judicial position within forty-five days of the date the Governor receives the recommendations of the commission. When considering the nomination of an incumbent judge for reappointment to the same court, the Governor may nominate the incumbent judge if the commission did not deny recommendation for reappointment. Whenever an incumbent judge is denied recommendation for reappointment to the same court by the commission or is recommended by the commission but not nominated by the Governor for reappointment to the same court, or whenever a vacancy in a judicial position occurs or is anticipated, the Governor shall choose a nominee from the list of candidates compiled pursuant to subsection (f) of this section. (2) Notwithstanding the provisions of subdivision (1) of this subsection and subsection (f) of this section, the Governor may nominate an associate judge of the Supreme Court to be Chief Justice of the Supreme Court without such judge being investigated and interviewed by the commission and being on the list of qualified candidates compiled and submitted to the Governor by the commission. An associate judge of the Supreme Court who has been nominated by the Governor to be Chief Justice of the Supreme Court in accordance with this subdivision, and who is appointed Chief Justice by the General Assembly, shall serve an initial term as Chief Justice equal to the remainder of such judge's term as an associate judge of the Supreme Court.

(i) A majority of the membership of the commission shall constitute a quorum. The affirmative vote of at least a majority of the members of the commission present and voting shall be required for any action by the commission except (1) an affirmative vote of at least a majority plus one of the members present and voting shall be required for a new nominee to be recommended to the Governor for nomination as a judge or for an incumbent judge to be recommended to the Governor for nomination as a judge to a different court and (2) an affirmative vote of a majority plus one of the members present and voting shall be required to deny recommendation to the Governor for nomination of an incumbent judge to the same court. No vote of the commission on a new nominee shall be by secret ballot. The vote of the commission on an incumbent judge may be by secret ballot.

(j) Except as provided in subsections (e) and (m) of this section, the investigations, deliberations, files and records of the commission shall be confidential and not open to the public or subject to disclosure except that the criteria by which candidates or incumbent judges who seek reappointment to the same court or appointment to a different court are evaluated and the procedural rules adopted by the commission shall be public.

(k) The commission may employ such staff as is necessary for the performance of its functions and duties.

(l) No member of the commission who is an attorney-at-law shall be considered for recommendation to the Governor for nomination as a judge during his tenure on the commission or for a period of two years following the termination of his tenure on the commission.

(m) On January 15, 2011, and annually thereafter, the chairperson of the commission shall report to the joint standing committee on judiciary the following information with respect to the prior calendar year: (1) The number of candidates interviewed for appointment as new nominees, the number of incumbent judges interviewed for reappointment to the same court and the number of incumbent judges interviewed for appointment to a different court, (2) the number of candidates who were recommended and denied recommendation to the Governor as new nominees, the number of incumbent judges recommended and denied recommendation for appointment to the same court and the number of incumbent judges recommended and denied recommendation for appointment to a different court, (3) the statistics regarding the race, gender, national origin, religion and years of experience as members of the bar of all such candidates and incumbent judges interviewed, recommended and denied recommendation under subdivisions (1) and (2) of this subsection, and (4) as of January first in the year of such report, the number of candidates on the list compiled by the commission pursuant to subsection (f) of this section and the statistics regarding the race, gender, national origin, religion, years of experience as members of the bar and calendar year of recommendation of all such candidates.

(n) The commission shall have the power to enter into such contractual agreements as may be necessary for the discharge of its duties concerning the investigation of candidates seeking appointment to a judicial position and incumbent judges seeking reappointment to the same court or appointment to a different court, within the limits of appropriated funds and in accordance with established procedures.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-286e — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 886 / Section 51-286e
Sec. 51-286e. Notification of victims re judicial proceedings.
Status: in_force

(b) The state's attorney for a judicial district wherein an offense has been committed shall notify any victim of the offense, if such victim has requested notification and provided the state's attorney with a current address, of any judicial proceedings relating to the victim's case including (1) the arrest of the defendant, (2) the arraignment of the defendant, (3) the release of the defendant pending judicial proceedings, and (4) proceedings in the prosecution of the defendant, including the dismissal of the charges against the defendant, the entry of a nolle prosequi to the charges against the defendant, the entry of a plea of guilty by the defendant, and the trial and sentencing of the defendant.

See Sec. 54-91c re notification of victim wishing to make or submit statement prior to sentencing or acceptance of plea agreement.

See Sec. 54-91e re notification of victim through automated system prior to acceptance of plea agreement.

Description of information that is available to victim of crime committed by adult. 45 CS 315.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-60 — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 874 / Section 51-60
Sec. 51-60. Appointment of official court reporters. Definitions. Adoption of policies and procedures.
Status: in_force

(1) “State's attorney” means a state's attorney, assistant state's attorney, deputy assistant state's attorney and special deputy assistant state's attorney;

(2) “Public defender” means a public defender, assistant public defender, deputy assistant public defender and Division of Public Defender Services assigned counsel;

(3) “Public official” means any official of (A) the state, (B) any state agency, board or commission, or (C) a municipality of the state acting in an official capacity;

(4) “Transcript” means the official written record of a proceeding, or any part thereof, including, but not limited to, testimony and arguments of counsel, produced in the Superior, Appellate or Supreme Court, by an official court reporter, a court recording monitor or any other entity designated by the Chief Court Administrator; and

(5) “Transcript page” means a page consisting of twenty-seven double-spaced lines on paper eight and one-half by eleven inches in size, if printed, with sixty spaces available per line, on paper or stored in an electronic medium that is retrievable in a perceivable form.

(b) The Chief Court Administrator shall appoint official court reporters for the court as the administrator determines the business of the court requires.

(c) The Chief Court Administrator shall adopt policies and procedures necessary to implement the provisions of this chapter, including, but not limited to, the establishment and administration of a system of fees for production of expedited transcripts.

See Sec. 51-63 re salary and fees of court reporters.

See Sec. 51-166 re annual meeting of judges.

Former statute cited. 128 C. 290.

Cited. 33 CA 311.

Cited. 36 CS 9; 43 CS 246.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-183d — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 882 / Section 51-183d
Sec. 51-183d. (Formerly Sec. 51-42). Disqualified judge; proceedings not void.
Status: in_force

Annotations to former section 51-42:

Cited. 152 C. 630.

Cited. 3 CS 424.

Annotation to present section:

Cited. 27 CA 15.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-1a — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 870 / Section 51-1a
Sec. 51-1a. Composition of Judicial Department.
Status: in_force

(b) The territorial jurisdiction of the Supreme Court, the Appellate Court, and the Superior Court shall be coextensive with the boundaries of the state.

(c) The territorial jurisdiction of each court of probate shall be the probate district established for such court by statute. Each town in this state shall be a probate district or a part of a probate district.

See Sec. 51-164s re Superior Court's status as sole trial court and transfer of Common Pleas and Juvenile Courts' jurisdictions to Superior Court.

Cited. 205 C. 542; 224 C. 372; 230 C. 183.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-296 — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 887 / Section 51-296
Sec. 51-296. Designation of public defender for indigent defendant, codefendant. Legal services and guardians ad litem in family relations matters and juvenile matters. Contracts for legal services.
Status: in_force

(b) In the case of codefendants, the court may appoint one or more public defenders, assistant public defenders or deputy assistant public defenders to represent such defendants or may appoint counsel from the trial list established under section 51-291 .

(c) (1) The division shall provide, pursuant to section 51-296a : (A) Legal services and guardians ad litem to children, youths and indigent respondents in family relations matters in which the state has been ordered to pay the cost of such legal services and guardians ad litem, provided legal services shall be provided to indigent respondents pursuant to this subparagraph only in paternity proceedings and contempt proceedings; and (B) legal services and guardians ad litem to children, youths and indigent legal parties in proceedings before the superior court for juvenile matters. To carry out the requirements of this subsection, the office of Chief Public Defender may contract with (i) appropriate not-for-profit legal services agencies, (ii) individual lawyers or law firms for the delivery of legal services to represent children and indigent legal parties in such proceedings, and (iii) mental health professionals as guardians ad litem in family relations matters. Any contract entered into pursuant to this subsection may include terms encouraging or requiring the use of a multidisciplinary agency model of legal representation.

(2) The division shall establish a system to ensure that attorneys providing legal services pursuant to this subsection are assigned to cases in a manner that will avoid conflicts of interest, as defined by the Rules of Professional Conduct.

(3) The division shall establish training, practice and caseload standards for the representation of children, youths, indigent respondents and indigent legal parties pursuant to subdivision (1) of this subsection. Such standards shall apply to each attorney who represents children, youths, indigent respondents or indigent legal parties pursuant to this subsection and shall be designed to ensure a high quality of legal representation. The training standards for attorneys required by this subdivision shall be designed to ensure proficiency in the procedural and substantive law related to such matters and to establish a minimum level of proficiency in relevant subject areas, including, but not limited to, family violence, child development, behavioral health, educational disabilities and cultural competence.

(d) Prior to the appearance in court in any matter specified in this section by a defendant, child, youth, respondent or legal party, a public defender, assistant public defender, deputy assistant public defender or Division of Public Defender Services assigned counsel, upon a determination that the defendant, child, youth, respondent or legal party is indigent pursuant to subsection (a) of section 51-297 , shall be authorized to represent the defendant, child, youth, respondent or legal party until the court appoints counsel for such defendant, child, youth, respondent or legal party.

Cited. 223 C. 834; 233 C. 215; 242 C. 689.

Cited. 19 CA 686. Although there is no constitutional right to habeas counsel, section requires that counsel appointed must render effective assistance. 24 CA 723. Statute does not create a right to counsel in filing a petition for certification to the Supreme Court. 54 CA 400. To safeguard habeas petitioner's right to effective assistance of habeas counsel, habeas court, like a criminal trial court, has an affirmative obligation to explore the possibility that habeas counsel has a conflict of interest when that possibility is brought to the attention of the habeas court in a timely manner. 87 CA 126. Petitioner not entitled to court-appointed attorney as petition for new trial does not fall within the scope of any of the proceedings enumerated in statute. 101 CA 213.

Subsec. (a):

Failure of appellate legal counsel to file certification of appeal deprived defendant of effective legal counsel. 257 C. 632. Indigent defendant has right to appointed counsel to determine if there is a sound basis for filing motion to correct an illegal sentence and, if appointed counsel determines there is a basis, to file such a motion. 282 C. 614. Procedures established in 386 U.S. 738 not strictly required in context of motion to correct illegal sentence under 282 C. 614. 322 C. 247. A third habeas petition is an available remedy to challenge the effectiveness of a petitioner's counsel in a second habeas proceeding. 324 C. 548.

A “habeas on a habeas” petition (the use of a habeas petition to raise an ineffective assistance of habeas counsel claim) arises from a criminal matter within the meaning of Subsec.; statutory right to counsel in a habeas petition arising from one's conviction pertains not only to initial habeas petition asserting ineffective assistance of trial counsel claim but also to habeas on a habeas claim of ineffective assistance of habeas counsel, and habeas court improperly failed to appoint counsel to petitioner for his habeas on a habeas petition. 126 CA 684. Trial court violated indigent defendant's statutory right to appointed counsel on a motion to correct when it did not comply with procedures established in 386 U.S. 738 when considering frivolous claims exception. 148 CA 565; judgment reversed, see 322 C. 247. When a self-represented defendant specifically refers to “ State v. Casiano ” in a motion to correct illegal sentence, such reference is sufficient to constitute an affirmative request for counsel. 203 CA 692.

Petition which arises from conditions of confinement does not “arise from a criminal matter” within the meaning of Subsec. and therefore the petitioner is not entitled to appointed counsel. 49 CS 1.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-51o — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 872a / Section 51-51o
Sec. 51-51o. Witnesses to testify.
Status: in_force

(b) In making any investigation, the court or council may use the services of the Division of State Police within the Department of Emergency Services and Public Protection, the Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services or any other state agency, provided only the court may use the services of the Division of Criminal Justice.

Cited. 193 C. 180.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-193u — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 882 / Section 51-193u
Sec. 51-193u. Hearing of violations and infractions by magistrate. Authority of magistrate decision. Demand for trial de novo.
Status: in_force

(b) Infractions and violations designated in subsection (a) of this section in which a plea of not guilty has been entered may be heard by a magistrate. Magistrates shall not have the authority to conduct jury trials.

(c) Magistrates shall have the authority to accept pleas of guilty or of not guilty, to accept pleas of nolo contendere and enter findings of guilty thereon, to impose fines, to set bonds, to forfeit bonds, to continue cases to a date certain, to enter nolles brought by the prosecutorial official, to recommend suspension under section 14-111b , 14-140 or 15-154 , to order notices of intention to suspend motor vehicle licenses and registrations, to order issuance of a mittimus if a defendant has been found able to pay and fails to pay, to remit fines, to impose or waive fees and costs, to hear and decide motions, to dismiss cases and to decide cases that are tried before him.

(d) A decision of the magistrate, including any penalty imposed, shall become a judgment of the court if no demand for a trial de novo is filed. Such decision of the magistrate shall become null and void if a timely demand for a trial de novo is filed. A demand for a trial de novo shall be filed with the court clerk within five days of the date the decision was rendered by the magistrate and, if filed by the prosecutorial official, it shall include a certification that a copy thereof has been served on the defendant or his attorney, in accordance with the rules of court. No record of the proceedings shall be required to be kept.

Decision to enter nolle prosequi is a decision of magistrate, not prosecutor, from which demand for trial de novo can be made and over which trial court and appellate court have jurisdiction. 143 CA 194.

Subsec. (d):

Statute violates double jeopardy clause. 41 CS 356.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-164n — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 881b / Section 51-164n
Sec. 51-164n. Procedure upon summons for infraction or certain violations. Payment by mail. Procedure at trial.
Status: in_force

(b) Notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes, any person who is alleged to have committed (1) a violation under the provisions of section 1-9 , 1-10 , 1-11 , 2-71h , 4b-13 , 7-13 , 7-14 , 7-35 or 7-41 , subsection (c) of section 7-66 , section 7-83 , 7-147h , 7-148 , 7-283 , 7-325 , 7-393 , 8-12 , 8-25 , 8-27 , 9-63 , 9-322 , 9-350 , 10-185 , 10-193 , 10-197 , 10-198 , 10-230 , 10-251 , 10-254 , 10a-35 , 12-52 , 12-54 , 12-129b or 12-170aa , subdivision (3) of subsection (e) of section 12-286 , section 12-286a , 12-292 , 12-314b or 12-326g , subdivision (4) of section 12-408 , subdivision (3), (5) or (6) of section 12-411 , section 12-435c , 12-476a , 12-476b , 12-476c , 12-487,13a-26b, 13a-71 , 13a-107 , 13a-113 , 13a-114 , 13a-115 , 13a-117b , 13a-123 , 13a-124 , 13a-139 , 13a-140 , 13a-143b , 13a-253 , 13a-263 or 13b-39f , subsection (f) of section 13b-42 , section 13b-90 or 13b-100 , subsection (a) of section 13b-108 , section 13b-221 or 13b-292 , subsection (a) or (b) of section 13b-324 , section 13b-336 , 13b-337 , 13b-338 , 13b-410a , 13b-410b or 13b-410c , subsection (a), (b) or (c) of section 13b-412 , section 13b-414 or 14-4 , subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of section 14-12 , subsection (d) of section 14-12 , subsection (f) of section 14-12a , subsection (a) of section 14-15a , section 14-16c , 14-20a or 14-27a , subsection (f) of section 14-34a , subsection (d) of section 14-35 , section 14-43 , 14-44j , 14-49 , 14-50a , 14-58 or 14-62a , subsection (b) of section 14-66 , section 14-66a or 14-67a , subsection (g) of section 14-80 , subsection (f) or (i) of section 14-80h , section 14-97a or 14-98 , subsection (a), (b) or (d) of section 14-100a , section 14-100b , 14-103a , 14-106a , 14-106c , 14-145a , 14-146 , 14-152 , 14-153 , 14-161 or 14-163b , subsection (f) of section 14-164i , section 14-213b or 14-219 , subdivision (1) of section 14-223a , subsection (d) of section 14-224 , section 14-240 , 14-250 , 14-253a , 14-261a , 14-262 , 14-264 , 14-266 , 14-267a , 14-269 , 14-270 , 14-272b , 14-274 , 14-275 or 14-275a , subsection (c) of section 14-275c , section 14-276 , subsection (a) or (b) of section 14-277 , section 14-278 , 14-279 or 14-280 , subsection (b), (e) or (h) of section 14-283 , section 14-283d , 14-283e , 14-283f , 14-283g , 14-291 , 14-293b , 14-296aa , 14-298a , 14-300 , 14-300d , 14-300f , 14-319 , 14-320 , 14-321 , 14-325a , 14-326 , 14-330 or 14-332a , subdivision (1), (2) or (3) of section 14-386a , section 15-15e , 15-25 or 15-33 , subdivision (1) of section 15-97 , subsection (a) of section 15-115 , section 16-15 , 16-16 , 16-44 , 16-256e , 16-278 or 16a-15 , subsection (a) of section 16a-21 , section 16a-22 , subsection (a) or (b) of section 16a-22h , section 16a-106 , 17a-24 , 17a-145 , 17a-149 or 17a-152 , subsection (b) of section 17a-227 , section 17a-465 , subsection (c) of section 17a-488 , section 17b-124 , 17b-131 , 17b-137 , 19a-33 , 19a-39 or 19a-87 , subsection (b) of section 19a-87a , section 19a-91 , 19a-102a , 19a-102b , 19a-105 , 19a-107 , 19a-113 , 19a-215 , 19a-216a , 19a-219 , 19a-222 , 19a-224 , 19a-286 , 19a-287 , 19a-297 , 19a-301 , 19a-309 , 19a-335 , 19a-336 , 19a-338 , 19a-339 , 19a-340 , 19a-425 , 19a-442 , 19a-502 , 19a-565 , 20-7a , 20-14 , 20-153a , 20-158 , 20-231 , 20-233 , 20-249 , 20-257 , 20-265 , 20-324e , 20-329c or 20-329g , subsection (b) of section 20-334 , section 20-341 l , 20-366 , 20-482 , 20-597 , 20-608 , 20-610 , 20-623 , 21-1 , 21-38 , 21-39 , 21-43 , 21-47 , 21-48 or 21-63 , subsection (d) of section 21-71 , section 21-76a or 21-100 , subsection (c) of section 21a-2 , subdivision (1) of section 21a-19 , section 21a-20 or 21a-21 , subdivision (1) of subsection (b) of section 21a-25 , section 21a-26 , subsection (a) of section 21a-37 , section 21a-46 , 21a-61 , 21a-63 , 21a-70b or 21a-77 , subsection (b) or (c) of section 21a-79 , section 21a-85 or 21a-154 , subdivision (1) of subsection (a) of section 21a-159 , section 21a-278b , subsection (c), (d) or (e) of section 21a-279a , section 21a-415a , 21a-421eee , 21a-421fff or 21a-421hhh , subsection (a) of section 21a-430 , section 22-12b , 22-13 , 22-14 , 22-15 , 22-16 , 22-26g , 22-30 , 22-34 , 22-35 , 22-36 , 22-38 , 22-39 , 22-39f , 22-49 , 22-54 , 22-61j or 22-61 l , subdivision (1) of subsection (n) of section 22-61 l , subsection (f) of section 22-61m , subdivision (1) of subsection (f) of section 22-61m , section 22-84 , 22-89 , 22-90 , 22-96 , 22-98 , 22-99 , 22-100 or 22-111o , subsection (d) of section 22-118 l , section 22-167 , subsection (c) of section 22-277 , section 22-278 , 22-279 , 22-280a , 22-318a , 22-320h , 22-324a or 22-326 , subsection (b), subdivision (1) or (2) of subsection (e) or subsection (g) of section 22-344 , subsection (a) or (b) of section 22-344b , subsection (d) of section 22-344d , section 22-344f , 22-350a , 22-354 , 22-359 , 22-366 , 22-391 , 22-413 , 22-414 , 22-415 , 22-415c , 22a-66a or 22a-246 , subsection (a) of section 22a-250 , section 22a-256g , subsection (e) of section 22a-256h , section 22a-363 or 22a-381d , subsections (c) and (d) of section 22a-381e , section 22a-449 , 22a-450 , 22a-461 , 23-4b , 23-38 , 23-45 , 23-46 or 23-61b , subsection (a) or subdivision (1) of subsection (c) of section 23-65 , section 25-37 or 25-40 , subsection (a) of section 25-43 , section 25-43d , 25-135 , 26-18 , 26-19 , 26-21 , 26-31 , 26-40 , 26-40a , 26-42 , 26-43 , 26-49 , 26-54 , 26-55 , 26-56 , 26-58 or 26-59 , subdivision (1) of subsection (d) of section 26-61 , section 26-64 , subdivision (1) of section 26-76 , section 26-79 , 26-87 , 26-89 , 26-91 , 26-94 , 26-97 , 26-98 , 26-104 , 26-105 , 26-107 , 26-114a , 26-117 , subsection (b) of section 26-127 , 26-128 , 26-128a , 26-131 , 26-132 , 26-138 , 26-139 or 26-141 , subdivision (1) of section 26-186 , section 26-207 , 26-215 , 26-217 or 26-224a , subdivision (1) of section 26-226 , section 26-227 , 26-230 , 26-231 , 26-232 , 26-244 , 26-257a , 26-260 , 26-276 , 26-280 , 26-284 , 26-285 , 26-286 , 26-287 , 26-288 , 26-290 , 26-291a , 26-292 , 26-294 , 27-107 , 28-13 , 29-6a , 29-16 , 29-17 , 29-25 , 29-143o , 29-143z or 29-156a , subsection (b), (d), (e), (g) or (h) of section 29-161q , section 29-161y or 29-161z , subdivision (1) of section 29-198 , section 29-210 , 29-243 or 29-277 , subsection (c) of section 29-291c , section 29-316 or 29-318 , subsection (b) of section 29-335a , section 29-381 , 30-19f , 30-48a or 30-86a , subsection (b) of section 30-89 , subsection (c) or (d) of section 30-117 , section 31-3 , 31-10 , 31-11 , 31-12 , 31-13 , 31-14 , 31-15 , 31-16 , 31-18 , 31-23 , 31-24 , 31-25 , 31-32 , 31-36 , 31-47 or 31-48 , subsection (b) of section 31-48b , section 31-51 , 31-51g , 31-52 , 31-52a , 31-53 or 31-54 , subsection (a) or (c) of section 31-69 , section 31-70 , 31-74 , 31-75 , 31-76 , 31-76a , 31-89b or 31-134 , subsection (i) of section 31-273 , section 31-288 , 31-348 , 33-624 , 33-1017 , 34-13d or 34-412 , subdivision (1) of section 35-20 , subsection (a) of section 36a-57 , subsection (b) of section 36a-665 , section 36a-699 , 36a-739 , 36a-787 , 38a-2 or 38a-140 , subsection (a) or (b) of section 38a-278 , section 38a-479qq , 38a-479rr , 38a-506 , 38a-548 , 38a-626 , 38a-680 , 38a-713 , 38a-733 , 38a-764 , 38a-786 , 38a-828 , 38a-829 , 38a-885 , 42-133hh , 42-230 , 42-470 or 42-480 , subsection (a) or (c) of section 43-16q , section 45a-283 , 45a-450 , 45a-634 or 45a-658 , subdivision (13) or (14) of section 46a-54 , section 46a-59 , 46a-81b , 46b-22 , 46b-24 , 46b-34 , 46b-38d , 47-34a , 47-47 or 47-53 , subsection (i) of section 47a-21 , subdivision (1) of subsection (k) of section 47a-21 , section 49-2a , 49-8a , 49-16 , 52-143 or 52-289 , subsection (j) of section 52-362 , section 53-133 , 53-199 , 53-212a , 53-249a , 53-252 , 53-264 , 53-280 , 53-290a , 53-302a , 53-303e , 53-311a , 53-314 , 53-321 , 53-322 , 53-323 or 53-331 , subsection (b) of section 53-343a , section 53-344 , subsection (b) or (c) of section 53-344b , subsection (b) of section 53-345a , section 53-377 , 53-422 or 53-450 or subsection (i) of section 54-36a , or (2) a violation under the provisions of chapter 268, or (3) a violation of any regulation adopted in accordance with the provisions of section 12-484 , 12-487 or 13b-410 , or (4) a violation of any ordinance, regulation or bylaw of any town, city or borough, except violations of building codes and the health code, for which the penalty exceeds ninety dollars but does not exceed two hundred fifty dollars, unless such town, city or borough has established a payment and hearing procedure for such violation pursuant to section 7-152c , shall follow the procedures set forth in this section.

(c) If any person who is alleged to have committed an infraction or any violation specified in subsection (b) of this section elects to pay the fine and any additional fees or costs established for such infraction or violation, he shall send payment, by mail or otherwise, to the Centralized Infractions Bureau, made payable to the “clerk of the Superior Court”. Such payment shall be considered a plea of nolo contendere and shall be inadmissible in any proceeding, civil or criminal, to establish the conduct of the person, provided the provisions of this section and section 51-164m shall not affect the application of any administrative sanctions by either the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection authorized under title 26 or the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles authorized under title 14, except that no points shall be assessed by the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles against the operator's license of such person for such infraction or violation. The Judicial Department shall provide notice of the provisions of this subsection to law enforcement agencies and direct each law enforcement agency issuing a complaint to provide such notice to any person who is alleged to have committed a motor vehicle infraction or violation at the time a complaint alleging such conduct is issued to such person.

(d) If the person elects to plead not guilty, he shall send the plea of not guilty to the Centralized Infractions Bureau. The bureau shall send such plea and request for trial to the clerk of the geographical area where the trial is to be conducted. Such clerk shall advise such person of a date certain for a hearing.

(e) A summons for the commission of an infraction or of a violation specified in subsection (b) of this section shall not be deemed to be an arrest and the commission of an infraction or of any such violation shall not be deemed to be an offense within the meaning of section 53a-24 .

(f) The provisions of this section shall apply to the alleged commission of an infraction or a violation specified in subsection (b) of this section by a minor but, in a case involving a minor, a parent or guardian shall sign any plea of nolo contendere or of not guilty on any summons form issued in connection with the matter.

(g) If a person elects to plead not guilty and send the plea of not guilty to the Centralized Infractions Bureau in accordance with subsection (d) of this section, such person may subsequently, at a proceeding at Superior Court, reach an agreement with the prosecutorial official as to the amount of the fine to be paid and elect to pay such fine without appearing before a judicial authority. As a part of any such agreement, the prosecutorial official may require such person to attend a motor vehicle operator safety course that addresses the nature of such infraction or violation and that is offered or approved by the Chief State's Attorney. The amount of the fine agreed upon shall not exceed the amount of the fine established for such infraction or violation. Any person who pays a fine pursuant to this subsection shall also pay any additional fees or costs established for such infraction or violation. Such person shall make such payment to the clerk of the Superior Court and such payment shall be considered a plea of nolo contendere and shall be inadmissible in any proceeding, civil or criminal, to establish the conduct of such person, provided the provisions of this section and section 51-164m shall not affect the application of any administrative sanctions by either the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection authorized under title 26 or the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles authorized under title 14. A plea of nolo contendere pursuant to this subsection does not have to be submitted in writing. Nothing in this subsection shall affect the right of a person who is alleged to have committed an infraction or any violation specified in subsection (b) of this section to plead not guilty and request a trial before a judicial authority.

(h) In any trial for the alleged commission of an infraction, the practice, procedure, rules of evidence and burden of proof applicable in criminal proceedings shall apply. Any person found guilty at the trial or upon a plea shall be guilty of the commission of an infraction and shall be fined not less than thirty-five dollars or more than ninety dollars or, if the infraction is for a violation of any provision of title 14, not less than fifty dollars or more than ninety dollars.

(i) In any trial for the alleged commission of a violation specified in subsection (b) of this section, the practice, procedure, rules of evidence and burden of proof applicable in criminal proceedings shall apply, except that in any trial for the alleged commission of a violation under subsection (a) of section 21a-279a , the burden of proof shall be by the preponderance of the evidence. Any person found guilty at the trial or upon a plea shall be guilty of the commission of a violation and shall be fined not more than the statutory amount applicable to such violation.

Cited. 189 C. 611.

Cited. 1 CA 517; 9 CA 686; 12 CA 481; 22 CA 207; 30 CA 45; 41 CA 779. Defendant's infraction ticket was a complaint and, therefore, he was entitled to object to the entry of a nolle and demand a trial or a dismissal pursuant to Sec. 54-56b. 143 CA 194.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-352 — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 890 / Section 51-352
Sec. 51-352. (Formerly Sec. 54-77). Venue in criminal actions.
Status: in_force

(b) If theft is committed in one judicial district and the property stolen is carried into another judicial district, the offender may be tried in either judicial district.

Annotations to former section 54-77:

Thief may be prosecuted wherever he carries stolen goods. 1 R. 69. No jurisdiction over offense laid to have been committed in another state. Id., 403. Stealing in another state and bringing property here constitutes crime here. 3 C. 187; 33 C. 264. Nonresident procuring crime to be committed here punishable here. 34 C. 129. Congress has no power to confer jurisdiction on state courts for federal offense, nor can General Assembly confer such jurisdiction. Id., 297; 82 C. 367; judgment reversed, see 223 U.S. 1. “Otherwise provided” construed to mean “provided by statute”. 62 C. 127. Venue of crime of nonsupport; 93 C. 363; of uttering in one county forged checks drawn on bank in another county. 96 C. 432. Trial in wrong county is error. Id. Cited. 187 C. 264.

History; constitutionality. 5 CS 506.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-164m — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 881b / Section 51-164m
Sec. 51-164m. Chief Court Administrator to establish schedule of fines.
Status: in_force

(b) The Chief Court Administrator shall establish and maintain a schedule of fines to be paid for those violations of section 14-219 specified in subsection (e) of said section, with such fines increasing in proportion to the severity of the violation and for violations under subsection (b) of section 51-164n . The fines may be modified as the Chief Court Administrator deems advisable.

(c) (1) Except as provided in subdivision (2) of this subsection, no fine established in accordance with the provisions of subsection (a) of this section may be less than thirty-five dollars or more than ninety dollars.

(2) No fine established in accordance with the provisions of subsection (a) of this section for a violation of any provision of title 14 deemed an infraction may be less than fifty dollars or more than ninety dollars, except that fines established for parking tag violations may be less than fifty dollars.

(d) No fine established in accordance with the provisions of subsection (b) of this section may be in an amount in excess of the maximum amount specified by statute for such violation.

(e) Any infraction for which a fine has not been established pursuant to the provisions of subsection (a) of this section shall carry a fine of thirty-five dollars or, if the infraction is for a violation of any provision of title 14, fifty dollars, until such time as the Chief Court Administrator may establish a different fine for such infraction.

(f) Any violation for which a fine has not been established pursuant to subsection (b) of this section shall carry a fine of one hundred dollars or the maximum fine specified by statute for such violation, whichever is less.

Cited. 215 C. 82; 217 C. 73.

Cited. 5 CA 434; 9 CA 686.

Cited. 37 CS 693.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-81c — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 876 / Section 51-81c
Sec. 51-81c. Program for use of interest on lawyers' clients' funds accounts. Applicability to entities that establish certain accounts to receive loan proceeds from a mortgage lender.
Status: in_force

(b) For the purpose of determining under subsection (a) of this section whether a client's funds cannot earn income for the client in excess of the costs incurred to secure such income, the lawyer or law firm shall consider the following factors: (1) The amount of the funds to be deposited; (2) the expected duration of the deposit, including the likelihood of delay in resolving the relevant transaction, proceeding or matter for which the funds are held; (3) the rates of interest, dividends or yield at eligible institutions where the funds are to be deposited; (4) the costs associated with establishing and administering interest-bearing accounts or other appropriate investments for the benefit of the client, including service charges, minimum balance requirements or fees imposed by the eligible institutions; (5) the costs of the services of the lawyer or law firm in connection with establishing and maintaining the account or other appropriate investments; (6) the costs of preparing any tax reports required for income earned on the funds in the account or other appropriate investments; and (7) any other circumstances that affect the capability of the funds to earn income for the client in excess of the costs incurred to secure such income.

(c) No lawyer shall be subject to a complaint that the lawyer is guilty of misconduct for determining in good faith to deposit funds in the interest earned on lawyers' clients' funds account in accordance with this section.

(d) The judges of the Superior Court shall adopt rules to implement the program for the use of interest earned on lawyers' clients' funds accounts, provided nothing in this section shall grant to the judges of the Superior Court or any other judicial authority any legislative, regulatory or rule-making authority over banks, insurance companies or other financial institutions.

(e) The program shall not require the banking corporations or financial institutions receiving such funds, holding such accounts and paying interest on such accounts to the depositors of the account to perform any additional administrative functions or assume any additional responsibilities or obligations in connection with the program or the accounts so maintained.

(f) An advisory panel shall be established to perform the functions described in subsection (g) of this section consisting of five members to be selected as follows: Three members shall be appointed by the Governor, one of whom shall be an executive director of a nonprofit corporation which provides legal services to the poor in this state; and two members shall be appointed by the cochairpersons of the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to the judiciary. Each member of the panel shall serve for a term which is coterminous with the term of the member's appointing authority. A vacancy shall be filled by the original appointing authority for the balance of the unexpired term.

(g) The advisory panel shall: (1) Consult with and make recommendations to the tax-exempt organization administering the program regarding the implementation and administration of the program, including the methods of allocation and the allocation of funds to be disbursed under the program; (2) review and evaluate, and monitor the impact of the program; and (3) report on the program to the joint standing committees of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to the judiciary and to banks and to the Chief Court Administrator, as may from time to time be requested by such committees or administrator.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-286 — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 886 / Section 51-286
Sec. 51-286. Chief inspectors. Inspectors. Assistance of state and local police.
Status: in_force

(b) Any person so appointed shall have the same power of arrest within the state as has any officer of the state police. Any chief inspector or inspector may exercise any power, authority or privilege that may have been exercised by any county detective prior to July 1, 1973, or any chief detective or detective in the Division of Criminal Justice prior to October 1, 1976.

(c) The provisions of chapter 65 and chapter 66 pertaining to disability compensation and death benefits and retirement provisions shall remain in full force and effect as to chief inspectors and inspectors appointed under the provisions of this section.

(d) This section shall not be construed to limit the authority of the Division of Criminal Justice to require the assistance of state and local police departments in the investigation of any matter with which the division is concerned. If any such assistance is required, the Division of Criminal Justice shall have primacy concerning any such investigation, provided the state and local police shall maintain any investigatory authority provided by law. Any conflict between the Division of Criminal Justice and the state and local police with respect to any such investigation shall be resolved by the Chief State's Attorney.

(e) All state and local police, law enforcement and criminal justice agencies shall cooperate with the division in carrying out the provisions of this chapter and shall provide such information and assign such personnel as may be required.

Cited. 221 C. 300.

Cited. 42 CS 291.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-229 — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 884 / Section 51-229
Sec. 51-229. Additional jurors may be drawn at any time.
Status: in_force

Proper method of drawing jurors as talesmen. 100 C. 730. Cited. 197 C. 629.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-181c — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 882 / Section 51-181c
Sec. 51-181c. Community court.
Status: in_force

(b) The community court may accept transfers and referrals of cases pursuant to subdivisions (1) and (2) of subsection (a) of this section. The community court may order any person to participate in a community service program, (1) if the person has not previously been placed in such program, the court may suspend prosecution and place such person in such program or, upon a plea of guilty without trial, suspend any sentence of imprisonment and make participation in such program a condition of probation or conditional discharge in accordance with section 53a-30 , or (2) if such person has previously been placed in such program, the court may, upon a plea of guilty without trial, suspend any sentence of imprisonment and make participation in such program a condition of probation or conditional discharge in accordance with said section 53a-30 .

(c) Any person for whom prosecution is suspended and who is placed in the community service program pursuant to subdivisions (1) and (2) of subsection (a) of this section shall agree to the tolling of the statute of limitations with respect to such crime and to a waiver of such person's right to a speedy trial. If the program monitor certifies to the court that such person successfully completed the community service program, the court shall make a finding of such satisfactory completion and dismiss the charges. If the program monitor certifies to the court that such person did not successfully complete the community service program to which such person was assigned or is no longer amenable to participating in such program, the court shall enter a plea of not guilty for such person and transfer the case to the regular criminal docket and immediately place the case on the trial list, except that cases accepted from the housing session pursuant to subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of this section shall be returned to the housing session.

(d) The community court may accept transfers and referrals of violations of municipal ordinances under subdivision (3) of subsection (a) of this section whether or not any such person has been found guilty of such violation prior to such referral to community court. The community court may order any such person to participate in a community service program up to a maximum of twenty hours in lieu of, or in addition to, a fine for such violation. If the program monitor certifies to the court that such person successfully completed the community service program, the court shall make a finding of such satisfactory completion and dismiss the charges.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-164o — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 881b / Section 51-164o
Sec. 51-164o. Procedure for nonresidents.
Status: in_force

(b) If the nonresident is alleged to have committed an infraction involving a motor vehicle or a violation of section 14-219 specified in subsection (e) of said section and is a resident of a state which has reciprocity with the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles in this state with respect to suspension of operator's licenses, the nonresident may plead or pay by mail as provided in section 51-164n and shall not be required to post a bond as provided in subsection (a) of this section.

(c) The amount of any bond required by this section shall be the amount of the fine, any additional fee established for the infraction alleged to have been committed, any cost established for the infraction or a violation of section 14-219 specified in subsection (e) of said section as provided in subsection (b) of section 54-143 and section 54-143a and any additional amount calculated in accordance with the percentage increases set forth in section 13b-70 and rounded off to the next highest dollar. The total amount of any such forfeited bond shall be deposited in the General Fund as one undifferentiated lump sum amount or deposited in the Special Transportation Fund as one undifferentiated lump sum amount as may be required by statute.

Cited. 24 CA 195.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-182 — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 882 / Section 51-182
Sec. 51-182. Notice of sessions. Special sessions. Short calendar.
Status: in_force

(b) The Chief Court Administrator or his designee shall assign judges to divisions or parts thereof. The Chief Court Administrator may vary any such assignment.

(c) The Chief Court Administrator or his designee shall provide, so far as it may be practicable, necessary and consistent with the performance by each judge of the usual circuit duty, for the presence of a judge in each judicial district to hold short calendar sessions, small claims sessions, night sessions and other special sessions under such regulations as the Chief Court Administrator may, from time to time, establish.

(d) The regulations established by the Chief Court Administrator shall provide for at least one short calendar session in each judicial district in each month during the year.

In absence of required notice or agreement, judgment for substantial damages on default is erroneous. 78 C. 286. Cited. 97 C. 557; 113 C. 382.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-87a — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 876 / Section 51-87a
Sec. 51-87a. Limitations on written communications to prospective clients.
Status: in_force

(1) The written communication concerns an action for personal injury or wrongful death or otherwise relates to an accident or disaster involving the person to whom the communication is addressed or a relative of that person, unless the accident or disaster occurred more than forty days prior to the mailing of the communication;

(2) The written communication concerns a specific matter and the lawyer knows or reasonably should know that the person to whom the communication is directed is represented by a lawyer in the matter;

(3) It has been made known to the lawyer that the person does not want to receive such communications from the lawyer;

(4) The communication involves coercion, duress, fraud, overreaching, harassment, intimidation or undue influence;

(5) The communication contains a false, fraudulent, misleading, deceptive, or unfair statement or claim; or

(6) The lawyer knows or reasonably should know that the physical, emotional or mental state of the person makes it unlikely that the person would exercise reasonable judgment in employing a lawyer.

(b) Written communications to prospective clients known to be in need of legal services in a particular matter for the purpose of obtaining professional employment are subject to the following requirements:

(1) Each page of such written communications shall be plainly marked “advertisement” in red ink, and the lower left corner of the face of the envelope containing a written communication likewise shall carry a prominent, red “advertisement” mark. If the written communication is in the form of a self-mailing brochure or pamphlet, the “advertisement” mark in red ink shall appear on the address panel of the brochure or pamphlet. Brochures solicited by clients or prospective clients need not contain the “advertisement” mark;

(2) The lawyer shall retain a copy of each written communication for three years;

(3) Written communications mailed to prospective clients shall be sent only by regular United States mail, not by registered mail or other forms of restricted delivery;

(4) If a contract for representation is mailed with the written communication, the top of each page of the contract shall be marked “SAMPLE” in red ink in a type size one size larger than the largest type used in the contract and the words “DO NOT SIGN” shall appear on the client signature line;

(5) The first sentence of any written communication concerning a specific matter shall be: “If you have already retained a lawyer for this matter, please disregard this letter.”;

(6) Written communications shall be on letter-sized paper rather than legal-sized paper and shall not be made to resemble legal pleadings or other legal documents. This provision does not preclude the mailing of brochures and pamphlets;

(7) If a lawyer other than the lawyer whose name or signature appears on the communication will actually handle the case or matter, or if the case or matter will be referred to another lawyer or law firm, any written communication concerning a specific matter shall include a statement so advising the client;

(8) Any written communication prompted by a specific occurrence involving or affecting the intended recipient of the communication or a family member shall disclose how the lawyer obtained the information prompting the communication; and

(9) A written communication seeking employment by a specific prospective client in a specific matter shall not reveal on the envelope, or on the outside of a self-mailing brochure or pamphlet, the nature of the client's legal problem.

(c) For the purposes of this section, “prospective client” shall not include a commercial entity.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-52a — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 873 / Section 51-52a
Sec. 51-52a. Powers of clerks and clerical assistants.
Status: in_force

(b) The clerk for each judicial district may certify to copies of the records and do all other acts in relation to the files and records of the county court which the clerk of the county court could have done and may, when directed by the superior court for such district, amend, make up and complete any record of the former county court, when necessary to supply any omission of a former clerk thereof, in such manner as the court directs.

(c) The chief clerk for each judicial district and the clerks for housing matters may certify, as clerk of the judicial district or of any county within or partly within the judicial district, to the authority of judges, justices of the peace and commissioners of the Superior Court.

(d) Deputy chief clerks, clerks, deputy clerks and assistant clerks shall have the same powers as chief clerks of the Superior Court, subject to the direction of the chief clerk, and shall be authorized clerks for the district for which they are appointed, for the purpose of certifying to the authority of any judge, justice of the peace or commissioner of the Superior Court. Deputy clerks and assistant clerks shall have the same powers as clerks of the superior court, subject to the direction of the clerk for the geographical area for which they are appointed, and shall be authorized clerks for the geographical area for the purpose of certifying to the authority of any judge, justice of the peace or commissioner of the Superior Court.

(e) A deputy chief clerk, deputy clerk or assistant clerk may sign any process or other document requiring the signature of the chief clerk or clerk for the court location for which he is appointed or any other document which the chief clerk or clerk is otherwise authorized to sign.

(f) A temporary assistant clerk shall have the same powers as clerks of the court.

(g) If authorized by the clerk, as defined in subsection (g) of section 51-51v , a supervisor or a clerical or administrative assistant may sign any process or other document requiring the signature of the chief clerk or clerk or any other document which the chief clerk or clerk is authorized to sign and may administer the oath to any witness during the trial or hearing of any action.

Cited. 201 C. 1.

Cited. 16 CA 518.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-180 — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 882 / Section 51-180
Sec. 51-180. Criminal terms and sessions.
Status: in_force

(b) The court shall sit during any term in a judicial district for the trial of any person confined to a community correctional center on the first day of the term for want of bail who applies to the court for such trial.

See Sec. 51-183a re procedure when a judge is unable to hold court.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-50c — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 872 / Section 51-50c
Sec. 51-50c. Assignment of senior judges to judicial duties. Participation in alternative dispute resolution program approved by STA-FED ADR, Inc.
Status: in_force

(b) Any senior judge of the Superior Court may be designated and assigned by the Chief Court Administrator to perform such judicial duties in the Superior Court as such senior judge is willing to undertake.

(c) A senior judge shall not perform judicial duties unless such senior judge is so designated and assigned except as a state referee in the manner prescribed by law.

(d) The Chief Court Administrator may designate, assign or summon any senior judge, in any matter in which the Chief Court Administrator may designate, assign or summon a judge or judges, to sit or act in any judicial capacity.

(e) The Chief Court Administrator may make new designations and assignments in accordance with the provisions of this section and may revoke designations and assignments previously made by the Chief Court Administrator.

(f) A senior judge may participate in an alternative dispute resolution program approved by STA-FED ADR, Inc. in any year commencing July first provided such judge performed the duties of a senior judge for at least seventy-five days during the preceding year, except that (1) for the year commencing July 1, 1993, a senior judge may participate in said alternative dispute resolution program without having performed the duties of a senior judge for seventy-five days during the preceding year and (2) a senior judge may participate in said alternative dispute resolution program from the date such judge assumes the status of a senior judge, through the completion of the year commencing July first following such date, without having satisfied the seventy-five-day requirement.

Discussed; history of state referees. 164 C. 360. Cited. 199 C. 496; 226 C. 475.

Cited. 41 CS 1.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-198 — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 883 / Section 51-198
Sec. 51-198. Constitution of Supreme Court; retired judges, terms, participation in meetings; deliberation and participation in disposition of case after age of seventy.
Status: in_force

(b) In addition thereto, each Chief Justice or associate judge of the Supreme Court who elects to retain office but to retire from full-time active service shall continue to be a member of the Supreme Court during the remainder of his or her term of office and during the term of any reappointment under section 51-50i , until he or she attains the age of seventy years. He or she shall be entitled to participate in the meetings of the judges of the Supreme Court and vote as a member thereof.

(c) A judge of the Supreme Court who has attained the age of seventy years may continue to deliberate and participate in all matters concerning the disposition of any case which the judge heard prior to attaining said age, until such time as the decision in any such case is officially released. The judge may also participate in the deliberation of a motion for reconsideration in such case if such motion is filed within ten days of the official release of such decision.

Cited. 135 C. 267. Limited, temporary duties authorized in Subsec. (c) do not amount to “holding office” and therefore do not contravene mandatory retirement provision of Art. V, Sec. 6 of Connecticut Constitution. 293 C. 641.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-199 — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 883 / Section 51-199
Sec. 51-199. Jurisdiction.
Status: in_force

(b) The following matters shall be taken directly to the Supreme Court: (1) Any matter brought pursuant to the original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court under section 2 of article sixteen of the amendments to the Constitution; (2) an appeal in any matter where the Superior Court declares invalid a state statute or a provision of the state Constitution; (3) an appeal in any criminal action involving a conviction for a capital felony under the provisions of section 53a-54b in effect prior to April 25, 2012, class A felony or any other felony, including any persistent offender status, for which the maximum sentence which may be imposed exceeds twenty years; (4) review of a sentence of death pursuant to section 53a-46b ; (5) any election or primary dispute brought to the Supreme Court pursuant to section 9-323 or 9-325 ; (6) an appeal of any reprimand or censure of a probate judge pursuant to section 45a-65 ; (7) any matter regarding judicial removal or suspension pursuant to section 51-51j ; (8) an appeal of any decision of the Judicial Review Council pursuant to section 51-51r ; (9) any matter brought to the Supreme Court pursuant to section 52-265a ; and (10) any other matter as provided by law.

(c) The Supreme Court may transfer to itself a cause in the Appellate Court. Except for any matter brought pursuant to its original jurisdiction under section 2 of article sixteen of the amendments to the Constitution, the Supreme Court may transfer a cause or class of causes from itself, including any cause or class of causes pending on July 1, 1983, to the Appellate Court. The court to which a cause is transferred has jurisdiction.

(d) The Supreme Court may issue all writs necessary or appropriate in aid of its jurisdiction and agreeable to the usages and principles of law.

See Sec. 51-14 re rules.

Jurisdiction of Supreme Court confined to causes and matters which have been regularly before the court below. 8 C. 165; 15 C. 341. May review decision of Superior Court on habeas corpus. 33 C. 321. Will not generally reconsider questions of law after once giving advice on reservation. 26 C. 110; 43 C. 255; 44 C. 391. Is a court of law only, and will not find or infer facts. 27 C. 278; 29 C. 496; 34 C. 169; 35 C. 469; 38 C. 479; 40 C. 330; 50 C. 275, 276; 62 C. 507; 64 C. 432. Has no jurisdiction of motion for new trial, unless completed and allowed according to law. 9 C. 112. Procedure where Supreme Court is overruled by U.S. Supreme Court. 1 C. 102; 82 C. 702. May decline to give an opinion as to the validity of a proposed act, at the request of General Assembly. 33 C. 586. Will try an issue of fact on a plea in abatement of original process. 41 C. 190. History and jurisdiction in general. 64 C. 432. Cannot issue mandamus. 80 C. 326. On reversal of judgment in jury case, cannot direct judgment to be entered for appellant. 81 C. 578. Power to direct trial court to certify evidence; 82 C. 132; 88 C. 211; to compel trial judge to state grounds of action on demurrer. 69 C. 485. As to power of court, sitting in one district, to pass order as to appeal pending in another. 70 C. 500. Want of jurisdiction in lower court will not prevent court considering appeal. 68 C. 561. Will not review conclusions of fact. 67 C. 349; 73 C. 410; 75 C. 140; 75 C. 302; 77 C. 666; 79 C. 709; 81 C. 84; 82 C. 254. Act requiring retrial of facts is unconstitutional. 67 C. 505; 102 C. 541. Errors as to questions of fact will be considered only to complete record to present questions of law. 65 C. 79; 67 C. 466. It is improper to seek to get court to review facts. 75 C. 302; 77 C. 368. But it is error to find a material fact without evidence. 73 C. 692; 82 C. 5; 84 C. 93; 84 C. 121; 109 C. 348. Or to fail to find fact that is uncontradicted; but failure of direct evidence to contradict is not sufficient. 72 C. 225; 74 C. 468; 76 C. 323; Id., 593; 102 C. 539; 108 C. 23. If subordinate facts fail legally or logically to support ultimate fact found, court may review decision; otherwise not. 83 C. 388; Id., 628; 84 C. 70; 85 C. 225; 84 C. 632; 88 C. 163; 107 C. 420, 422; 109 C. 494. Question is, did court commit error of law as to facts found. 80 C. 596. Court cannot review conclusion based on weight of evidence or credibility of witnesses. 79 C. 99; 84 C. 67. Cited. 185 C. 495; 192 C. 704; 194 C. 245; 199 C. 417; 202 C. 252; 219 C. 384; 223 C. 41; 224 C. 749; 225 C. 102; 227 C. 301; 228 C. 630; 230 C. 183; Id., 335; 235 C. 206. Trial court order precluding parties from filing any further motions regarding custody or visitation constitutes an appealable final judgment. 243 C. 380. Appellate Court's judgment on transferred writ of error is tantamount to an appeal for purposes of Sec. 51-197f and Supreme Court has jurisdiction to grant certification to appeal from that judgment; even though plain language of Subsec. (c) expressly expands Appellate Court jurisdiction to include writs of error upon transfer, no language expressly divests Supreme Court of final jurisdiction over writs of error that Subsec. (a) confers. 331 C. 711.

Cited. 1 CA 5; Id., 7; Id., 9; Id., 10; Id., 11; Id., 14; Id., 17; Id., 20; Id., 30; Id., 38; Id., 40; Id., 48; Id., 54; Id., 58; Id., 72; Id., 78; Id., 84; Id., 90; Id., 93; Id., 96; Id., 99; Id., 109; Id., 119; Id., 120; Id., 123; Id., 138; Id., 150; Id., 154; Id., 158; Id., 160; Id., 162; Id., 165; Id., 169; Id., 172; Id., 176; Id., 184; Id., 188; Id., 195; Id., 207; Id., 219; Id., 224; Id., 226; Id., 228; Id., 239; Id., 249; Id., 253; Id., 256; Id., 260; Id., 264; Id., 275; Id., 282; Id., 291; Id., 298; Id., 303; Id., 310; Id., 315; Id., 329; Id., 337; Id., 341; Id., 344; Id., 349; Id., 351; Id., 356; Id., 366; Id., 368; Id., 371; Id., 397; Id., 400; Id., 409; Id., 417; Id., 421; Id., 422; Id., 433; Id., 454; Id., 463; Id., 481; Id., 489; Id., 496; Id., 501; Id., 505; Id., 529; Id., 535; Id., 550; Id., 566; Id., 576; Id., 578; Id., 584; Id., 595; Id., 604; Id., 609; Id., 621; 2 CA 4; Id., 17; Id., 24; Id., 27; Id., 36; Id., 43; Id., 49; Id., 54; Id., 58; Id., 68; Id., 87; Id., 89; Id., 98; Id., 103; Id., 110; Id., 114; Id., 119; Id., 127; Id., 132; Id., 141; Id., 152; Id., 160; Id., 165; Id., 167; Id., 174; Id., 179; Id., 213; Id., 225; Id., 239; Id., 246; Id., 261; Id., 264; Id., 266; Id., 270; Id., 275; Id., 278; Id., 279; Id., 282; Id., 290; Id., 294; Id., 302; Id., 303; Id., 308; Id., 315; Id., 322; Id., 333; Id., 342; Id., 345; Id., 346; Id., 348; Id., 351; Id., 355; Id., 374; Id., 377; Id., 380; Id., 400; Id., 413; Id., 416; Id., 430; Id., 438; Id., 439; Id., 448; Id., 449; Id., 456; Id., 460; Id., 465; Id., 468; Id., 472; Id., 485; Id., 489; Id., 494; Id., 515; Id., 523; Id., 530; Id., 537; Id., 543; Id., 551; Id., 573; Id., 579; Id., 590; Id., 600; Id., 605; Id., 622; Id., 635; Id., 650; Id., 660; Id., 663; Id., 680; Id., 683; Id., 686; Id., 688; Id., 692; Id., 696; Id., 697; Id., 701; Id., 712; Id., 715; Id., 729; 3 CA 1; Id., 10; Id., 25; Id., 34; Id., 40; Id., 74; Id., 106; Id., 111; Id., 137; Id., 148; Id., 172; Id., 214; Id., 222; Id., 230; Id., 249; Id., 250; Id., 268; Id., 277; Id., 284; Id., 289; Id., 310; Id., 317; Id., 322; Id., 339; Id., 346; Id., 353; Id., 359; Id., 403; Id., 459; Id., 510; Id., 522; Id., 590; Id., 644; Id., 650; 4 CA 58; Id., 514; Id., 519; Id., 541; Id., 575; Id., 611; Id., 672; 5 CA 29; Id., 288; Id., 488; 7 CA 217; 38 CA 546.

Subsec. (b):

Cited. 214 C. 146; 216 C. 282; Id., 699; 217 C. 243; 218 C. 349; Id., 714; Id., 766; 219 C. 93; Id., 605; 220 C. 345; Id., 796; 221 C. 315; Id., 331; Id., 430; Id., 643; 222 C. 506; Id., 556; 223 C. 127; Id., 207; Id., 273; Id., 535; Id., 635; Id., 674; 224 C. 63; Id., 168; Id., 325; Id., 372; Id., 397; Id., 445; 225 C. 55; Id., 114; Id., 270; Id., 347; Id., 450; Id., 519; Id., 609; 226 C. 237; Id., 618; Id., 757; Id., 773; 227 C. 1; Id., 101; Id., 153; Id., 207; Id., 231; Id., 417; Id., 448; Id., 456; Id., 677; Id., 711; Id., 751; 228 C. 62; Id., 118; Id., 281; Id., 412; Id., 582; 229 C. 125; Id., 328; Id., 557; Id., 664; 230 C. 43; Id., 351; 231 C. 43; Id., 115; Id., 235; Id., 602; 233 C. 1; Id., 106; Id., 437; Id., 813; 234 C. 381; Id., 455; Id., 683; 235 C. 145; Id., 274; Id., 595; Id., 671; Id., 748; Id., 802; Id., 865; 236 C. 31; Id., 112; Id., 189; Id., 388; Id., 514; Id., 781; 237 C. 284; Id., 390; Id., 518; 238 C. 253; Id., 313; Id., 389; Id., 588; 239 C. 427; Id., 481; 240 C. 210; 241 C. 1; Id., 322; Id., 665; Id., 702; 242 C. 93; Id., 318; Id., 445; Id., 505; Id., 605; Id., 666; 243 C. 205.

Cited. 8 CA 177; 20 CA 470; 42 CA 348.

Subsec. (c):

Cited. 210 C. 597; 220 C. 61; 222 C. 216; Id., 374; Id., 380; Id., 699; Id., 730; Id., 784; Id., 793; Id., 799; 223 C. 1; Id., 22; Id., 31; Id., 68; Id., 80; Id., 152; Id., 155; Id., 243; Id., 336; Id., 354; Id., 376; Id., 384; Id., 419; Id., 436; Id., 573; Id., 595; Id., 777; Id., 786; 224 C. 6; Id., 8; Id., 23; Id., 29; Id., 44; Id., 82; Id., 96; Id., 106; Id., 110; Id., 124; Id., 133; Id., 145; Id., 152; Id., 210; Id., 219; Id., 231; Id., 263; Id., 313; Id., 382; Id., 426; Id., 483; Id., 524; Id., 543; 563; Id., 580; Id., 593; Id., 666; Id., 675; Id., 693; Id., 711; Id., 758; Id., 766; Id., 776; Id., 797; Id., 823; 225 C. 1; Id., 32; Id., 91; Id., 177; Id., 185; Id., 217; Id., 223; Id., 238; Id., 297; Id., 305; Id., 314; Id., 339; Id., 355; Id., 367; Id., 420; Id., 528; Id., 575; Id., 637; Id., 691; Id., 700; Id., 705; Id., 731; Id., 771; 226 C. 51; Id., 92; Id., 105; Id., 205; Id., 219; Id., 265; Id., 299; Id., 314; Id., 407; Id., 427; Id., 446; Id., 475; Id., 497; Id., 508; Id., 579; Id., 652; Id., 670; Id., 704; Id., 792; Id., 812; Id., 818; 227 C. 32; Id., 116; Id., 124; Id., 147; Id., 175; Id., 270; Id., 333; Id., 505; Id., 601; Id., 641; Id., 780; Id., 802; Id., 826; Id., 829; Id., 848; 228 C. 1; Id., 23; Id., 42; Id., 79; Id., 137; Id., 158; Id., 187; Id., 206; Id., 271; Id., 343; Id., 375; Id., 393; Id., 401; Id., 476; Id., 498; Id., 552; Id., 535; Id., 545; Id., 574; Id., 610; Id., 651; Id., 699; Id., 766; Id., 785; 229 C. 1; Id., 213; Id., 247; Id., 256; Id., 345; Id., 359; Id., 455; Id., 459; Id., 479; Id., 634; Id., 691; Id., 703; Id., 716; Id., 771; Id., 801; Id., 842; 230 C. 1; Id., 106; Id., 140; Id., 148; Id., 351; Id., 400; Id., 486; Id., 525; Id., 560; Id., 622; Id., 641; Id., 660; Id., 668; Id., 764; Id., 779; Id., 828; 231 C. 1; Id., 77; Id., 95; Id., 168; Id., 265; Id., 272; Id., 276; Id., 301; Id., 308; Id., 315; Id., 328; Id., 344; Id., 355; Id., 370; Id., 378; Id., 381; Id., 391; Id., 418; Id., 441; Id., 451; Id., 462; Id., 500; Id., 514; Id., 529; Id., 563; Id., 598; Id., 690; Id., 707; Id., 731; Id., 745; Id., 756; 232 C. 17; Id., 27; Id., 44; Id., 57; Id., 65; Id., 91; Id., 117; Id., 122; Id., 167; Id., 172; Id., 175; Id., 181; Id., 198; Id., 216; Id., 223; Id., 242; Id., 270; Id., 272; Id., 294; Id., 311; Id., 325; Id., 335; Id., 392; Id., 401; Id., 405; Id., 419; Id., 455; Id., 480; Id., 527; Id., 550; Id., 559; Id., 594; Id., 599; Id., 632; Id., 645; Id., 666; Id., 756; 233 C. 14; Id., 28; Id., 44; Id., 174; Id., 198; Id., 243; Id., 254; Id., 281; Id., 296; Id., 304; Id., 352; Id., 398; Id., 370; Id., 403; Id., 460; Id., 474; Id., 486; Id., 524; Id., 531; Id., 701; Id., 732; 234 C. 1; Id., 35; Id., 123; Id., 139; Id., 169; Id., 217; Id., 221; Id., 281; Id., 301; Id., 312; Id., 390; Id., 408; Id., 411; Id., 488; Id., 498; Id., 513; Id., 539; Id., 581; Id., 597; Id., 614; Id., 660; Id., 807; Id., 817; 235 C. 1; Id., 128; Id., 334; Id., 393; Id., 397; Id., 408; Id., 417; Id., 465; Id., 539; Id., 559; Id., 572; Id., 614; Id., 637; Id., 671; Id., 693; Id., 737; Id., 778; Id., 790; Id., 837; Id., 850; 236 C. 1; Id., 78; Id., 89; Id., 156; Id., 212; Id., 250; Id., 287; Id., 299; Id., 362; Id., 375; Id., 388; Id., 421; Id., 453; Id., 582; Id., 613; Id., 670; Id., 681; Id., 710; Id., 722; Id., 746; Id., 750; Id., 769; Id., 820; Id., 863; 237 C. 1; Id., 12; Id., 31; Id., 71; Id., 81; Id., 135; Id., 169; Id., 184; Id., 209; Id., 233; Id., 259; Id., 272; Id., 339; Id., 348; Id., 454; Id., 481; Id., 490; Id., 550; Id., 679; 238 C. 1; Id., 146; Id., 183; Id., 216; Id., 273; Id., 285; Id., 293; Id., 337; Id., 571; Id., 637; Id., 745; Id., 761; Id., 778; Id., 800; Id., 809; Id., 828; Id., 839; 239 C. 1; Id., 19; Id., 32; Id., 56; Id., 109; Id., 124; Id., 144; Id., 168; Id., 199; Id., 207; Id., 233; Id., 235; Id., 251; Id., 256; Id., 259; Id., 265; Id., 284; Id., 313; Id., 336; Id., 356; Id., 408; Id., 437; Id., 449; Id., 471; Id., 515; Id., 537; Id., 549; Id., 553; Id., 574; Id., 599; Id., 617; Id., 629; Id., 638; Id., 658; Id., 676; Id., 708; Id., 769; Id., 793; Id., 802; 240 C. 10; Id., 26; Id., 35; Id., 58; Id., 86; Id., 97; Id., 119; Id., 141; Id., 192; Id., 246; Id., 287; Id., 309; Id., 343; Id., 365; Id., 422; Id., 475; Id., 489; Id., 549; Id., 576; Id., 610; Id., 658; Id., 694; Id., 708; Id., 743; Id., 788; Id., 799; 241 C. 24; Id., 199; Id., 269; Id., 278; Id., 282; Id., 370; Id., 382; Id., 399; Id., 423; Id., 439; Id., 466; Id., 476; Id., 502; Id., 546; Id., 630; Id., 692; Id., 749; Id., 792; 242 C. 1; Id., 17; Id., 79; Id., 143; Id., 152; Id., 202; Id., 255; Id., 335; Id., 345; Id., 363; Id., 375; Id., 432; Id., 648; Id., 727; Id., 745; 243 C. 17; Id., 66; Id., 115; Id., 168; Id., 205. Supreme Court treated appeal from final judgment of trial court ordering new election as if it had been filed in Appellate Court and transferred it from that court pursuant to Subsec. 250 C. 241.

Cited. 8 CA 177; Id., 290; 45 CA 448; 46 CA 578; Id., 600; Id., 640; Id., 810.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-237 — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 884 / Section 51-237
Sec. 51-237. Jurors failing to appear.
Status: in_force

Sheriff may of his own motion procure the attendance of persons from whom talesmen can be selected, if required. 47 C. 135. Proper method of drawing jurors as talesmen. 100 C. 730. A court may always, when there is “any cause” therefor, resort to the summoning of talesmen to fill out a jury, even though there are people left on the year's list who have not been called. 138 C. 196. Provisions of Sec. 51-231 concerning procedure for summoning not applicable. 146 C. 59.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-346 — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 890 / Section 51-346
Sec. 51-346. (Formerly Sec. 52-24). Location in judicial district where civil process may be made returnable. Trial locations.
Status: in_force

(1) If brought to the judicial district of Ansonia-Milford, to the court at Ansonia or Milford as the plaintiff elects;

(2) If brought to the judicial district of Danbury, to the court at Danbury;

(3) If brought to the judicial district of Bridgeport, to the court at Bridgeport;

(4) If brought to the judicial district of Hartford, to the court at Hartford;

(5) If brought to the judicial district of Litchfield, to the court at Torrington;

(6) If brought to the judicial district of Middlesex, to the court at Middletown;

(7) If brought to the judicial district of New Britain, to the court at New Britain;

(8) If brought to the judicial district of New Haven, to the court at New Haven or Meriden as the plaintiff elects;

(9) If brought to the judicial district of New London, to the court at New London or Norwich as the plaintiff elects;

(10) If brought to the judicial district of Stamford-Norwalk, to the court at Stamford;

(11) If brought to the judicial district of Tolland, to the court at Rockville;

(12) If brought to the judicial district of Waterbury, to the court at Waterbury;

(13) If brought to the judicial district of Windham, to the court at Putnam.

(b) Small claims matters shall be made returnable to the Superior Court facility designated by the Chief Court Administrator to handle small claims matters, except that small claims housing matters, as defined in section 47a-68 , shall be assigned in accordance with section 47a-70 , where applicable.

(c) Cases brought or taken to any location of the Superior Court may be assigned for trial at such location or at any other authorized court location within the judicial district, except that small claims matters may be heard at any Superior Court facility designated by the Chief Court Administrator.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-10c — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 870 / Section 51-10c
Sec. 51-10c. Commission on Racial and Ethnic Disparity in the Criminal Justice System. Duties.
Status: in_force

(b) The mission of the commission shall be to address the overrepresentation of racial and ethnic minorities, with particular attention to African-Americans and Latinos, in the state's criminal justice system, and shall include consideration of the impact of such racial and ethnic disparity on minority communities. The commission shall:

(1) Sponsor conferences, forums and educational and training programs on the causes, effects and implications of racial and ethnic disparity in the state's criminal justice system;

(2) Collaborate with national, state and local organizations and institutions to identify strategies for reducing racial and ethnic disparity in the state's criminal justice system;

(3) Develop, evaluate and recommend promising and emerging policies and practices, including any legislation to implement such policies and practices;

(4) Determine whether any statutory provision negatively impacts the racial and ethnic disparity in the state's criminal justice system and recommend statutory changes to the Governor and General Assembly to reduce such impact;

(5) Make recommendations to the Governor, the General Assembly and state and local agencies and organizations on the implementation of any such strategy, policy, practice or legislative change; and

(6) Assess the impact of any implementation of such strategies, policies, practices or legislative changes.

(c) Not later than January 15, 2017, and biennially thereafter, the commission shall report, in accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a , to the Governor and the General Assembly concerning the activities and accomplishments of the commission. Such report shall cover the time period since the previous report.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-243 — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 884 / Section 51-243
Sec. 51-243. Alternate jurors in civil cases.
Status: in_force

(b) Alternate jurors shall be sworn separately from those constituting the regular panel, and the oaths to be administered shall be as provided in section 1-25 .

(c) Alternate jurors shall attend at all times upon trial of the action. They shall be seated when the case is on trial with or near the jurors constituting the regular panel, with equal opportunity to see and hear all matters adduced in the trial.

(d) If, at any time, any juror shall, for any reason, become unable to further perform his or her duty, the court may excuse such juror. If any juror is so excused or dies, the court may order that an alternate juror who is designated by lot to be drawn by the clerk, shall become a part of the regular panel and the trial shall then proceed as though the alternate juror had been a member of the regular panel from the time when the trial was begun. If a juror becomes a member of the regular panel after deliberations have begun, the jury shall be instructed by the court that deliberations by the jury shall begin anew.

(e) A juror selected to serve as an alternate shall not be segregated from the regular panel except when the case is given to the regular panel for deliberation at which time such alternate juror shall be dismissed from further service on the case or may remain in service under the direction of the court.

See Sec. 54-82h re alternate jurors in criminal prosecutions.

Cited. 144 C. 295; 182 C. 419; 186 C. 632; 187 C. 73; 191 C. 62. Single party has no legal entitlement to multiple sets of challenges when distinct causes of action have been consolidated; the granting of more challenges than provided by law is subject to review for abuse of discretion; in conducting appellate review, court must consider whether granting the challenges harmed either party or was inconsistent with an efficient and orderly judicial process. 268 C. 244.

Cited. 17 CA 121; 25 CA 702; 42 CA 542.

Cited. 41 CS 48.

Juror excused from trial in process because of stress and strain resulting from his check problems held valid compliance with statute. 6 Conn. Cir. Ct. 439.

Subsec. (a):

Jury obtained by a party who exercises peremptory challenges not required by law is not a biased jury, but, by allowing such party to exclude jurors suspected of bias or partiality, is a fair and impartial jury. 279 C. 622.

Subsec. does not allow court to grant additional peremptory challenges to only one side in a civil case. 84 CA 656.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-201 — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 883 / Section 51-201
Sec. 51-201. Chief clerk of the Supreme Court.
Status: in_force

Who are such clerks; duties. 70 C. 337.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-85a — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 876 / Section 51-85a
Sec. 51-85a. Requirements and procedures re remote acknowledgment by commissioner of the Superior Court. Prohibitions on use of remote acknowledgment for certain records.
Status: in_force

(1) “Communication technology” means an electronic device or process that:

(A) Allows a commissioner of the Superior Court and a remotely located individual to communicate with each other simultaneously by sight and sound; and

(B) When necessary and consistent with other applicable law, facilitates communication between a commissioner of the Superior Court and a remotely located individual who has a vision, hearing or speech impairment.

(2) “Identity proofing” means a process or service by which a third person provides a commissioner of the Superior Court with a means to verify the identity of a remotely located individual by a review of personal information from public or private data sources.

(3) “Outside the United States” means a location outside the geographic boundaries of the United States, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands and any territory, insular possession or other location subject to the jurisdiction of the United States.

(4) “Remotely located individual” means an individual who is not in the physical presence of the commissioner of the Superior Court who takes an acknowledgment under subsection (b) of this section.

(b) Except as provided in subsection (g) of this section, a document may be acknowledged by an individual who is not in the physical presence of a commissioner of the Superior Court at the time of the acknowledgment if the following requirements are met:

(1) The individual and the commissioner of the Superior Court can communicate simultaneously, in real time, by sight and sound using communication technology; and

(2) When performing a remote acknowledgment pursuant to the provisions of this section, the commissioner of the Superior Court reasonably identifies the individual at the time of the acknowledgment by one or more of the following methods:

(A) Personal knowledge of the identity of the individual;

(B) The individual presents a government-issued identification document or record that has not expired and includes the individual's photograph, name and signature. An acceptable form of government-issued identification document or record includes, but is not limited to, a driver's license, government-issued identification card or passport;

(C) Not less than two different types of identity proofing processes or services by which a third person provides a means to verify the identity of the individual through a review of public or private data sources; or

(D) Oath or affirmation by a credible witness who:

(i) Is in the physical presence of either the commissioner of the Superior Court or the individual; or

(ii) Is able to communicate in real time with the commissioner of the Superior Court and the individual by sight and sound through an electronic device or process at the time of the acknowledgment, if the credible witness has personal knowledge of the identity of the individual and has been reasonably identified by the commissioner of the Superior Court by a method provided in this section.

(c) When an individual who is physically located outside of the state of Connecticut or outside the United States seeks a remote acknowledgment pursuant to subsection (b) of this section, the record being acknowledged shall:

(1) Be intended for filing or presentation in a matter before a court, governmental entity, public official or other entity subject to the jurisdiction of the state of Connecticut; or

(2) Otherwise not be prohibited by law of the state of Connecticut to be acknowledged outside the state.

(d) Once the record acknowledged pursuant to subsection (b) of this section is signed by the individual in accordance with the procedures set forth in this section, the individual shall mail or otherwise cause to be delivered the signed original copy of the record to the commissioner of the Superior Court.

(e) The date and time of an acknowledgment conducted pursuant to subsection (b) of this section shall be the date and time when the commissioner of the Superior Court witnessed the signature being performed by means of communication technology.

(f) Nothing in this section shall affect the authority of a commissioner of the Superior Court to refuse to take an acknowledgment or require a commissioner of the Superior Court to take an acknowledgment:

(1) With respect to an electronic record;

(2) For an individual not in the physical presence of the commissioner of the Superior Court; or

(3) Using a technology that the commissioner of the Superior Court has not selected.

(g) No record shall be acknowledged remotely pursuant to subsection (b) of this section in (1) the making and execution of a will, codicil, trust or trust instrument, (2) the execution of health care instructions pursuant to section 19a-575a , (3) the execution of a designation of a standby guardian pursuant to section 45a-624 , (4) the execution of a designation of a person for decision-making and certain rights and obligations pursuant to section 1-56r , (5) the execution of a living will, as defined in section 19a-570 , (6) the execution of a power of attorney, as defined in section 1-350a , (7) the execution of a self-proving affidavit for an appointment of a health care representative or for a living will under sections 1-56r and 19a-578 , (8) the execution of a mutual distribution agreement under section 45a-433 , (9) the execution of a disclaimer under section 45a-579 or 45a-583 , or (10) a real estate closing, as defined in section 51-88a . The performance of any such acknowledgment in connection with any of the acts described in this subsection shall be ineffective for any purpose and shall constitute a violation of section 51-88 .
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-276 — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 886 / Section 51-276
Sec. 51-276. Division established.
Status: in_force

Cited. 221 C. 300; 234 C. 539.

Cited. 42 CS 291.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-51j — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 872a / Section 51-51j
Sec. 51-51j. Removal or suspension by Supreme Court.
Status: in_force

(b) If the recommendation or motion involves the conduct of a member of the Supreme Court, such member shall be disqualified with regard to the investigation, hearing and decision on the recommendation or motion.

(c) Hearings under this section shall not be public unless requested by the judge or family support magistrate under investigation.

(d) In determining whether to remove or suspend a judge or family support magistrate from office, the determination shall be made by a full court, as provided in section 51-207 . A judge or family support magistrate shall not be removed except on the concurrent opinion of the members of the full court as provided in section 51-207 , and a judge or family support magistrate shall not be suspended for any period of time, except upon a majority vote of the court.

Cited. 193 C. 180; 222 C. 799; 240 C. 157. Because Supreme Court is empowered to determine all matters of judicial discipline in the first instance as well as upon appeal of review council's decisions, court's review of review council's legal conclusions is de novo. 246 C. 183.

Cited. 42 CS 129.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-91 — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 876 / Section 51-91
Sec. 51-91. Compelling testimony of witnesses. Contempt.
Status: in_force

(b) The committee, subcommittee or panel, while engaged in the discharge of its duties, shall have the same authority over witnesses as is provided in section 51-35 and may commit for contempt for a period no longer than thirty days.

Cited. 112 C. 265; 215 C. 162; Id., 469; 216 C. 228; 222 C. 799.

Cited. 41 CA 671; judgment reversed, see 240 C. 671; 43 CA 265.

Cited. 4 CS 502.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-278b — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 886 / Section 51-278b
Sec. 51-278b. Reprimand, suspension or removal of prosecutorial officials. Procedure.
Status: in_force

(b) No deputy chief state's attorney, state's attorney, assistant state's attorney or deputy assistant state's attorney may be removed from office except by order of the Criminal Justice Commission after due notice and hearing. A recommendation for removal from office may be initiated by the Chief State's Attorney or the appropriate state's attorney.

(c) The Criminal Justice Commission may discipline for just cause after due notice and hearing by reprimand, demotion or suspension with or without pay from his or her office up to fifteen days, a deputy chief state's attorney or state's attorney. A recommendation for discipline may be initiated by the Chief State's Attorney. The Chief State's Attorney may discipline any assistant state's attorney or deputy assistant state's attorney who assists him or her or the appropriate state's attorney may discipline any assistant state's attorney or deputy assistant state's attorney who assists him or her, for just cause after due notice and hearing by reprimand, demotion or suspension with or without pay from his or her office up to fifteen days.

Cited. 234 C. 539.

Subsec. (b):

Failure to object to arbitration jurisdiction in trial for removal from office does not preserve issue for appeal. 74 CA 301.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-219a — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 884 / Section 51-219a
Sec. 51-219a. Duties and powers of Jury Administrator.
Status: in_force

(b) The Jury Administrator, subject to the approval of the Chief Court Administrator, shall have the authority to study and to implement procedures for the improvement of jury administration, for the reduction of costs of selection and management of jurors, and for the more effective utilization of jurors.

(c) The Jury Administrator shall have the authority to cancel the service of any juror for good cause, including, but not limited to, the following: (1) The town in which the juror resides is reassigned to a different judicial district than that to which the juror was originally summoned, or (2) there is a reduction in the need for jurors. When jury service is canceled due to a reduction in the need for jurors, individuals shall be selected on a random basis for cancellation of jury service.

(d) The Jury Administrator shall have the authority to receive a list of deceased persons from the Department of Public Health and to delete the names of such persons from the lists compiled pursuant to section 51-222a . The Jury Administrator may exclude the names of additional deceased persons if supplied with a death certificate or other proof satisfactory to the Jury Administrator.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-195 — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 882 / Section 51-195
Sec. 51-195. Application for review of sentence.
Status: in_force

A convicted person is afforded an opportunity for what is, in effect, a limited appeal for a reconsideration of the sentence; the jeopardy, so far as the sentence is concerned, is a single, continuing one, and any change in the sentence results from the sentenced person's own voluntary act; there is no double jeopardy. 149 C. 692. Cited. 152 C. 630. Petitioner has constitutional right to counsel at hearing before sentence review division. 153 C. 673, 677. Prohibition against putting anyone in double jeopardy is a fundamental principle of common law recognized by Connecticut courts although not a state constitutional provision; correction of a mistake by review division is not double jeopardy. 156 C. 598. Plaintiff in petition for a writ of habeas corpus alleging unlawful confinement has a right to have his sentence reviewed by the review division of the Superior Court. 168 C. 254. Cited. Id., 623; 187 C. 109; 192 C. 471. “Plea agreement” as used in section means an agreement to a sentence of a specific term of years. 214 C. 195. Cited. Id., 717; 217 C. 810; 220 C. 400; 224 C. 347; 230 C. 183; 243 C. 339. 30-day limit does not act as jurisdictional bar to sentence review division's consideration of an application for sentence review that was delayed by reason of ineffective assistance of counsel. 245 C. 132.

Cited. 1 CA 724; 19 CA 48; Id., 631; 23 CA 201; Id., 564; judgment reversed in part, see 220 C. 400; 27 CA 705; 37 CA 801; 46 CA 486.

Cited. 22 CS 204. In 1960, the court revoked the suspension of a sentence which had been imposed in 1957; as to that sentence, the review division is without power to act, because an application to review it would have to be filed within 30 days after January 1, 1958. Id., 270. Cited. 25 CS 473; 26 CS 186. Where court clerk failed to give defendant notice of his right to file application for review of commitment until after appeal was dismissed, review division entertained application on merits although not filed within 30 days after sentence. 27 CS 78. When defendant filed application for review of his sentence only after his probation was revoked, held review division had no authority to consider it since application was not filed within 30 days of original sentencing date. Id., 108; Id., 128. Cited. Id., 150. Review division is a statutory body and has only such jurisdiction as is conferred on it by statute; hence cannot consider application filed more than 2 years after sentencing. 28 CS 196. Application to sentence review board must be filed within 30 days of imposition of sentence or board has no jurisdiction. 29 CS 133. Persons sentenced under Sec. 19-499 (19a-388) should not have their sentence review period run until court has finished its final review. Id., 137. Sentence review division has no jurisdiction to consider application filed beyond 30-day limit. Id., 203. Review division has no jurisdiction to review an application filed beyond the statutory limit of 30 days. Id., 236. Cited. 42 CS 371.

Cited. 4 Conn. Cir. Ct. 416.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-50a — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 872 / Section 51-50a
Sec. 51-50a. Right to retirement salary of judge, family support magistrate or administrative law judge retiring prior to July 1, 2022.
Status: in_force

(2) Any judge, family support magistrate or administrative law judge who has been refunded contributions from the State Employees Retirement Fund for any prior period of state service may receive credit for such service upon repayment of such refunded contributions with interest thereon at the rate of five per cent per year from the date of refund to the date of payment. The amount of such payment shall be transferred to the judges, family support magistrates and administrative law judges retirement system. A judge, a family support magistrate or an administrative law judge may elect to retire at any time thereafter.

(3) Notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes, any judge who has served for at least sixteen years as a judge and was nominated by the Governor for a subsequent term but was not reappointed and who has attained sixty-three years of age, shall be eligible to receive a retirement salary effective upon the expiration of his term as a judge. The retirement salary shall be in the amount equal to the fraction of the retirement salary such judge would have received had he served until he was eligible to retire which corresponds to the ratio which the number of years of his completed service bears to the number of years of service which would have been completed at age sixty-five or twenty years, whichever is less.

(b) Each justice or judge or family support magistrate who retired while holding judicial office shall receive annually as retirement salary an amount in accordance with the provisions of section 51-50 ; and each administrative law judge who first commenced service as an administrative law judge prior to January 1, 1981, shall receive, annually, as retirement salary, two-thirds of the salary of an administrative law judge, and each administrative law judge who first commenced service as an administrative law judge on or after January 1, 1981, shall receive, annually, as retirement salary, two-thirds of the salary the administrative law judge was receiving at the time of his or her retirement; except that, if a judge, a family support magistrate or an administrative law judge has served fewer than ten years at the time of his retirement under this section, his retirement salary shall be reduced in the ratio which the number of years of his completed service bears to the number of years of service which would have been completed at age seventy, or ten years, whichever is less.

See Sec. 31-283e re administrative law judges' rights to elect benefits under this section.

Discussed; history of state referees. 164 C. 360.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-51m — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 872a / Section 51-51m
Sec. 51-51m. Vote of council. Findings to be indexed.
Status: in_force

(b) The council shall make its findings in writing and all such findings shall be compiled and indexed.

Cited. 193 C. 180; 227 C. 784.

Cited. 42 CS 129.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-183b — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 882 / Section 51-183b
Sec. 51-183b. (Formerly Sec. 51-29). Judgments in civil actions. Time limit.
Status: in_force

Annotations to former section 51-29:

A court has control over its judgments only during the term in which they are rendered. 47 C. 429; 108 C. 282. A judge has power to retain a case for consideration and decision after the close of the term. 47 C. 579. Amending memo of judgment at subsequent term. 74 C. 23. Violation may be waived. 76 C. 305; 86 C. 560. Violation of section makes judgment erroneous, not void. 97 C. 556. Statute expressly authorizes a judge to finish a trial and render judgment therein at any time prior to the close of the next succeeding term or session. 107 C. 383. Judgment must be rendered and trial ended before close of next term or session. 109 C. 54, but see 123 C. 15. In construing statute as to Superior Court, the word “term” is the equivalent of the word “session”. 109 C. 54. If no timely and appropriate advantage of delay is taken, consent of parties will be assumed. 112 C. 154. Cited. 115 C. 623. Judgment erroneous if not rendered during next session after that at which trial commenced, where no act or omission of the parties constitutes consent, waiver or estoppel. 117 C. 639, 645. When too late for court to render judgment, case may be claimed for trial as though no hearing had been held. 118 C. 418. Cited. 123 C. 583. Lack of jurisdiction after time expires does not pertain to subject matter but to the parties; subsequent filing of pleadings and participation in hearings held waiver. 132 C. 438. Cited. 134 C. 183. A judge must decide a case before the end of the session of court next succeeding the session at which it is tried, and a judgment rendered after that time is erroneous. 139 C. 263. On date of rendering, judgment was valid as in compliance with statute in effect while action was pending. 157 C. 434. Cited. Id., 525; 162 C. 534. Not applicable to state trial referees; prior constructions restated; history. 164 C. 360. Statute applies only to cases tried to the court and not to cases tried to a jury. Id., 554. Judge not continuing a trial to its end before close of next session of circuit court, lost jurisdiction; case properly determined by another judge sitting 15 months later. 168 C. 74. Cited. Id., 560.

Cited. 13 CS 121. Section not applicable to proceedings before state trial referee. 33 CS 560.

Order vacating judgment rendered by circuit court 17 months after completion of trial and ordering new trial was interlocutory and not a final judgment from which appeal lies. 4 Conn. Cir. Ct. 474, 475.

Annotations to present section:

Civil cause should be construed to encompass administrative appeals. 179 C. 415. Cited. 192 C. 484. Determination of “the completion date” discussed; availability of all elements directly or indirectly to be considered in rendering a decision included. Id., 601. Cited. 194 C. 187; 195 C. 174; 208 C. 21; 213 C. 813; 214 C. 801; 215 C. 435. Initial refusal to consent to late judgment rendered judgment void; judgment of Appellate Court in 20 CA 283 reversed. 215 C. 688. Cited. 220 C. 86; 233 C. 153; 234 C. 1; 237 C. 378. As long as order of trial court is issued within 120 days after completion of trial, order constitutes timely judgment within meaning of statute regardless of whether order is accompanied by memorandum of decision explaining legal and factual basis for order. 243 C. 495. Order of trial court constituted a “judgment” within meaning of section where order resolved the dispute and determined appeal in favor of plaintiff. 246 C. 251. 120 day decision period is stopped by a trial court's order requiring supplemental briefing, and such period is restarted after supplemental arguments are heard, despite a party's refusal to consent to the court's requested extension of the decision period. 330 C. 681.

Cited. 2 CA 689; 3 CA 531; 7 CA 136; 12 CA 702; 20 CA 283; judgment reversed; Id., 425; 21 CA 545; 26 CA 426; 28 CA 745. Does not violate separation of powers provision of Art. II of the Connecticut Constitution (now Art. XVIII of the Amendments to the Connecticut Constitution). 29 CA 157. Cited. 30 CA 204. Absent waiver of provisions of statute, a judgment rendered by a court beyond the time period permitted lacks personal jurisdiction over defendants. 39 CA 635. Cited. 40 CA 89; Id., 374; 44 CA 542; 45 CA 626. Court's order that parties submit their positions on release of judgment lien constituted request for briefs which, when filed, began 120-day period. 72 CA 692. Court, by ordering defendant attorney and Statewide Grievance Committee to appear at a subsequent hearing on the issue of sanctions against defendant, implicitly opened the case, which was within its province within the 120 days after trial's completion. 74 CA 464. Statutory time period runs from completion date of trial, not from time of filing of briefs on motion for judgment of dismissal. 82 CA 483. General Assembly did not intend to include within definition of “trial”, for purposes of the 120-day rule, arguments on motions addressed to whether plaintiff is precluded from an evidentiary hearing or trial because of prior trial on the same or similar issues between the same parties. 88 CA 795. Section does not apply to timeliness of judgment rendered following short calendar proceeding. 95 CA 713. Where court sent notice extending commencement of period to issue decision, express consent by parties not required for extension. 99 CA 367. Completion date of trial was date on which court last heard argument on the issues of liability and damages before it rendered judgment on those issues; court complied with section requirements regarding judgment as to liability and damages that was issued within 120 days from completion date of trial, and regarding subsequent judgment awarding punitive damages, attorney's fees and costs more than 120 days after completion date of trial; as long as trial court decides a case on its merits within 120 days, there is no statutory time limit within which it must decide ancillary issues such as punitive damages, attorney's fees and costs; section not intended to guarantee that a losing party will have a final judgment from which to appeal within 120 days of completion of trial. 121 CA 105. Section is not applicable when a matter is referred to and tried before an attorney fact finder. 124 CA 1. Habeas petitioner's silence before tardy judgment was rendered was not a waiver, and motion to set aside judgment, filed 9 days after judgment was rendered beyond the 120-day time limitation, was a seasonable objection. 125 CA 296. Completion date of trial was the date the court last heard argument on the issues of liability and damages, and the court complied with the 120-day time requirement. Id., 399. Where court requested extension of 120-day requirement from only one party, opposing party did not implicitly waive 120-day requirement through silence or inaction, or assume duty to object to or protest the late judgment. 137 CA 142. 120-day period begins to run from date parties file post-trial briefs or other materials the court finds necessary for a well-reasoned decision. 140 CA 697. Trial court's finding that plaintiff had waived the provisions of section by executing multiple agreements extending the period of time for the court to render judgment was clearly erroneous and voidable when the court ultimately rendered judgment after the date stipulated in the parties' second extension. 144 CA 62. When an extension is unaccompanied by any language of limitation or conditions, it necessarily operates as a waiver, and because defendants consented to an extension of the 120-day time period within which the court was required to issue its decision, and did not set forth any conditions or limitations on the agreed upon extension, the court's determination that they waived the 120-day rule was not clearly erroneous. 163 CA 1.

Cited. 44 CS 312.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-210 — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 883 / Section 51-210
Sec. 51-210. Costs of preparation and transmission of records in appealed cases.
Status: in_force

Necessity of having all exhibits as well as all testimony printed in record where appeal is from directed verdict; effect of stipulation of counsel that exhibits need not be printed. 100 C. 277.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-51i — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 872a / Section 51-51i
Sec. 51-51i. Grounds for removal, suspension and censure.
Status: in_force

(b) In addition to removal by the Governor for cause pursuant to subsection (f) of section 46b-231 , a family support magistrate shall be subject, in the manner and under the procedures provided in this chapter to censure, suspension or removal from office for (1) conduct prejudicial to the impartial and effective administration of justice which brings the magisterial office in disrepute, (2) wilful violation of section 51-39a or any canon of judicial ethics, (3) wilful and persistent failure to perform the duty of a magistrate, (4) neglectful or incompetent performance of the duties of a magistrate, (5) final conviction of a felony or of a misdemeanor involving moral turpitude, (6) disbarment or suspension as an attorney-at-law, (7) wilful failure to file a financial statement or the filing of a fraudulent financial statement required under section 51-46a , or (8) temperament which adversely affects the orderly carriage of justice.

(c) In addition to removal by the Governor for cause pursuant to subsection (e) of section 31-276 , an administrative law judge shall be subject, in the manner and under procedures provided in this chapter to censure, suspension or removal from office for (1) conduct prejudicial to the impartial and effective administration of the duties of an administrative law judge which brings the office of administrative law judge in disrepute, (2) wilful violation of any provision of the code of ethics for administrative law judges, (3) wilful and persistent failure to perform the duty of an administrative law judge, (4) neglectful or incompetent performance of the duties of an administrative law judge, (5) final conviction of a felony or a misdemeanor involving moral turpitude, (6) disbarment or suspension as an attorney-at-law, or (7) temperament which adversely affects the orderly carriage of the duties of an administrative law judge.

Cited. 193 C. 180; 222 C. 799; 227 C. 784; 240 C. 157.

Cited. 42 CS 129.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-85 — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 876 / Section 51-85
Sec. 51-85. Authority and powers of commissioners of the Superior Court.
Status: in_force

A woman may be appointed. 50 C. 136. The signing of a writ by a lawyer as a commissioner of the Superior Court is not a mere ministerial act; a writ of mandamus to compel the signing will not be granted. 142 C. 411. Cited. 162 C. 255; 171 C. 705; 180 C. 243; 197 C. 507; 207 C. 77; 222 C. 541; 223 C. 618.

Cited. 9 CA 825; 25 CA 543; judgment reversed, see 222 C. 541; 38 CA 555.

Court refused to consider claim that town attorney had authority to apply for order compelling obedience where claim not made to trial court. 35 CS 668. Cited. 42 CS 602.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-183 — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 882 / Section 51-183
Sec. 51-183. Substitute judge.
Status: in_force

Cited. 213 C. 686.

Cited. 16 CA 684; 39 CA 635; 44 CA 125.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-247 — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 884 / Section 51-247
Sec. 51-247. Compensation of jurors. Guidelines re reimbursement of expenses.
Status: in_force

(b) The Jury Administrator shall establish guidelines for reimbursement of expenses pursuant to this section.

(c) Each juror who serves more than five days shall be paid by the state for the sixth day and each day thereafter at a rate of fifty dollars per day of service. A juror receiving payment under this subsection shall not be entitled to any additional reimbursement.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-196 — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 882 / Section 51-196
Sec. 51-196. Review of sentence or commitment. Decision.
Status: in_force

(b) In reviewing any judgment, the review division may, for good cause, waive its authority to increase the penalty and may, thereafter, conduct a hearing on such application without the applicant being present. Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit an applicant from having counsel present or from appearing pro se at the hearing. In reviewing any judgment, said division may require the production of presentence or precommitment reports and any other records, documents or exhibits connected with such review proceedings.

(c) At a hearing held under this section, the review division shall permit any victim of the crime to appear before the division for the purpose of making a statement for the record concerning whether or not the sentence or commitment of the defendant should be increased or decreased or should stand. In lieu of such appearance, the victim may submit a written statement to the review division and the review division shall make such statement a part of the record at the hearing. For the purposes of this subsection, “victim” means the victim, the legal representative of the victim or a member of the deceased victim's immediate family.

(d) If the review division orders a different sentence or disposition of the case, the Superior Court shall resentence the defendant or make any other disposition of the case ordered by the review division. Time served on the sentence reviewed shall be deemed to have been served on the sentence substituted. The decision of the review division in each case shall be final and the reasons for such decision shall be stated therein.

(e) The secretary of the review division shall act as its clerk or, if there is no such secretary, the clerk of the superior court for the judicial district in which the review division is meeting shall act as the clerk of the division. The acting clerk of the review division shall send the original of each decision to the clerk of the court where the judgment was rendered and a copy thereof to the Chief Justice, the judge who imposed the sentence or commitment reviewed, the person sentenced or committed, the principal officer of the correctional institution in which such person is confined and the Reporter of Judicial Decisions.

A convicted person is afforded an opportunity for what is, in effect, a limited appeal for a reconsideration of the sentence; the jeopardy, so far as the sentence is concerned, is a single continuing one, and any change in the sentence results from the sentenced person's own voluntary act; there is no double jeopardy. 149 C. 692. Denial of due process and defendant placed in double jeopardy when board increased sentence after defendant served the sentence imposed by the trial court. 152 C. 426. Cited. Id., 628, 630. Petitioner has constitutional right to counsel at hearing before sentence review division. 153 C. 673, 677. Resentencing did not involve double jeopardy where review division erroneously increased defendant's sentence when he was not represented before division by counsel. 156 C. 598. Cited. 168 C. 623; 187 C. 109; 192 C. 471; 214 C. 195; 224 C. 347. Determination by review division re its jurisdiction to consider an application for review is a question of law rather than an exercise of discretion and is not otherwise appealable, but may be reviewable under a writ of error; legislature did not intend for review division to conduct proportionality review re similar offenders. 293 C. 489.

Cited. 1 CA 724; 19 CA 48; 46 CA 486. Decision by review division that defendant is not entitled to the review procedure is a non-appealable final judgment, but is reviewable under a writ of error, and a writ of habeas corpus may not be substituted for a writ of error. 57 CA 145.

Grievance relating to guilt of accused is not within power of division to review. 21 CS 381. In sentencing under uniform state narcotic drug act, court must follow rigorous penalty provisions set forth therein. Id., 388, 392. Proof of variation from sentences given in comparable cases does not necessarily mean that sentence in issue is improper. Id., 388, 434. Enumeration of factors to be considered in setting a sentence. Id., 384, 412. Division cannot evaluate other cases where it is claimed that lesser sentences were imposed unless it has before it the facts of such cases. Id., 415. In determining a proper sentence, trial court owes duty to public as much as it does to accused. Id., 418. Maximum sentences given to defendants who were first offenders under uniform state narcotic drug act reduced from 10 to 7 years as both had used drugs for a short time only and neither sold narcotics. Id., 421. It is function of board of parole, not sentence review division, to determine when a person should be released from prison. Id., 423. Sentence of narcotics offender reduced where background showed prior voluntary submission to arrest in an effort to break narcotic habit. Id., 426. Defendant sentenced to reformatory and then to prison, terms to be served consecutively; prison sentence suspended for presumably he would be reformed while serving reformatory sentence. Id., 431. Relatively more severe sentences may be justified in crimes involving injury or risk of injury to children. Id., 434. Purpose of division is to achieve more rational sentences and greater equality of treatment for offenders; considerations of clemency and postprison reform are matters outside its scope. Id., 448. In sentencing, deterrence of such conduct on the part of others is a desired goal since public has right to be protected against crimes threatening high social and personal injury. Id., 452. Defendant received a higher penalty than his codefendant though tried on a lesser charge, sentence held proper. Id., 455. Defendant charged as second offender; fact that all who might have been presented as second offenders have not been so presented cannot aid defendant. Id., 457. Defendant convicted of manslaughter; in view of circumstances of the killing, defendant's inclination to violence as shown by his criminal record and his knowledge, when he pleaded guilty, of what sentence would be recommended, his sentence held proper. Id., 461. Under uniform state narcotic drug act, conviction of defendant as second offender made compulsory minimum imprisonment term of 10 years, once court deemed confinement was required, and defendant's claim that this amounts to a life sentence because of his age is a request based on considerations of clemency and more properly addressed to the board of pardons. Id., 463. Court's objective to impose a maximum sentence which would ensure that defendant would be under jurisdiction of parole board for the rest of his life could be accomplished with a lesser sentence, so sentence modified accordingly. Id., 468. Mere fact that defendant received a higher sentence than his codefendant affords no sound basis of comparison without the consideration of other pertinent surrounding circumstances. Id., 468, 474. The stress is not alone upon the criminal act but upon make-up of the offender and chances of his reform. Id., 474. Because the trial judge has opportunity to weigh and consider factors personal to defendant in connection with evidence, his opinion as to appropriateness of a sentence deserves great weight. Id., 477. Sentence increased where defendant was second offender and his sentence was less than that given for first offense. Id., 480. Matters which are administrative in nature are not reviewable by review division. 22 CS 208. Trial court's refusal to appoint new counsel in place of public defender was not matter with which review division could concern itself; function limited to harshness of sentence. 25 CS 3. Sentence of 3 to 7 years for blackmail found proper in view of heinous nature of crime and defendant's poor juvenile record. Id., 5. Division not empowered to comply with request of person convicted of violating narcotics act to send him to Kentucky hospital. Id., 7. Defendant's war record, being recited in presentence report, was before court at time of sentencing and cannot now be used to mitigate sentence. Id., 55. All factors must be weighed in reviewing sentences, not just those favorable to defendant. Id., 57. Sentence increased where robberies were vicious and no consideration for victims was shown. Id., 68. Sentence reduction denied where defendant had some knowledge of what is proper in law and order and chose to assume control on his own. Id., 73. Division not empowered to transfer prisoner from jail to a place where he could receive psychiatric help. Id., 145. Cited. Id., 149; Id., 473, 474, 484; 26 CS 176. Where defendant sentenced as second offender asked review division to reduce his maximum term on ground that parole board had denied him parole, held it is not function of division thus to pass on actions of parole board. Id., 196. Where minor defendant was committed to reformatory for indefinite term for crime for which adult could be confined only 30 days, sentence too severe. Id., 506. Where maximum sentence that could have been imposed would be aggregate of 120 days except for reformatory commitment, sentence of not more than 2 years without possibility of parole for 9 months too severe. 27 CS 81. Where, if court had imposed maximum penalty on all charges, result would be substantial fine and sentence in excess of 2 years and in view of defendant's presentence behavior, commitment to reformatory for not more than 2 years with basic minimum of 9 months on good behavior fair and should stand. Id., 89. Where minor defendant committed to reformatory to be detained not more than 2 years was witness for state and helped state obtain a conviction and had been unable to post bond, being jailed over 3 months prior to conviction, sentence too severe. Id., 100. Evidence of reform after conviction outside scope of division's consideration. Id., 221. Unnecessary for division to find facts and interpret statutes to determine its jurisdiction to modify sentence to comply with law limiting commitments to reformatory to males between 16 and 21 when matter not raised before division. Id., 239. Different sentences were ordered where trial court had failed to comply with Sec. 54-121, by fixing minimum and maximum sentences on all counts of a concurrent sentence. Id., 330.

Cited. 4 Conn. Cir. Ct. 416.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-9 — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 870 / Section 51-9
Sec. 51-9. Duties of staff of the Office of the Chief Court Administrator.
Status: in_force

(1) Audit all bills to be paid from state appropriations, except bills of the Division of Criminal Justice, for the expenses of the Judicial Department and its constituent courts prior to taxation or final approval thereof by any judge;

(2) Maintain adequate accounting and budgetary records for all appropriations by the state for the maintenance of the Judicial Department, except the Division of Criminal Justice, and all other appropriations assigned by the legislature or state budgetary control offices for administration by the Judicial Department, except the Division of Criminal Justice;

(3) Prepare and submit to the appropriate budget agency of the state government estimates of appropriations necessary for the maintenance and operation of the Judicial Department, including therein estimates submitted for the Division of Criminal Justice as provided in section 51-279 , and make recommendations in respect to those appropriations;

(4) Act as secretary of any meetings, conferences or assemblies of judges, or committees thereof, of the Judicial Department and of its constituent courts;

(5) Supervise all purchases of commodities and services for the Judicial Department, except for the Division of Criminal Justice, to be charged to state appropriations, and issue all orders therefor for the department, excluding orders for the Division of Criminal Justice;

(6) Examine the administrative methods and systems employed in the Judicial Department and its constituent courts and agencies, except the Division of Criminal Justice, and develop and implement programs for the improvement thereof and for securing uniform administration and procedures;

(7) Examine the state of the dockets of the courts of the Judicial Department to ascertain the need for assistance by any court and to implement programs for the fair and prompt disposition of cases therein;

(8) Collect and compile statistical and other data concerning the business transacted by the Judicial Department and its constituent courts and the expenditure of public moneys for the maintenance and operation of the judicial system;

(9) Assist in the preparation of the assignments of the judges of the Superior Court and attend to the printing and distribution for the Superior Court of an annual directory containing relevant information pertaining to the operation of the court;

(10) Serve as payroll officer for the Judicial Department, excluding the Division of Criminal Justice, and for the Supreme Court, Appellate Court and Superior Court;

(11) Supervise the assignment of court reporters of the Superior Court;

(12) Conduct research and planning activities for the Judicial Department and its constituent courts and offices as deemed feasible by, or in the discretion of, the Chief Justice or the Chief Court Administrator;

(13) Develop education programs for the judges and other personnel of the Judicial Department;

(14) Develop personnel standards, policies and procedures, and make recommendations concerning all personnel matters, including requests for salary increases or for additional positions, for consideration by the Supreme Court or the appropriate appointing authorities;

(15) Report periodically to the Chief Court Administrator concerning all matters which have been entrusted to such staff;

(16) Attend to matters assigned to such staff by the Chief Justice, or the Chief Court Administrator or by statute;

(17) Design, implement and maintain, as deemed feasible by the Chief Court Administrator, computerized automatic data processing systems for use in the Supreme Court, Appellate Court and Superior Court or divisions of the Superior Court;

(18) Supervise administrative methods employed in clerks' offices and in the various offices of the Supreme Court, Appellate Court and Superior Court; and

(19) Supervise the care and control of all property where the Judicial Department is the primary occupant, which supervision shall include planning, execution of contracts, except for contracts for consultant services which shall be subject to section 4b-58 , oversight and supervision of work involving the construction, repair or alteration of a building or premises under the supervision of the Office of the Chief Court Administrator, when construction contracts do not exceed one million two hundred fifty thousand dollars. For the purposes of this subdivision, “Judicial Department” does not include the courts of probate, the Division of Criminal Justice and the Public Defender Services Commission, except where they share facilities in state-maintained courts.

Cited. 192 C. 234.

Cited. 42 CS 129.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-81b — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 876 / Section 51-81b
Sec. 51-81b. Occupational tax on attorneys. Collection procedure. State lien against real estate as security for tax. Interest on unpaid tax. Attorneys who are not liable for tax. Administration.
Status: in_force

(b) Upon failure of any such person to pay the sum due hereunder within thirty days of the due date, the provisions of section 12-35 shall apply with respect to the enforcement of this section and the collection of such sum. The warrant therein provided for shall be signed by the commissioner or his authorized agent. The amount of any such tax, penalty and interest shall be a lien, from the thirty-first day of December next preceding the due date of such tax until discharged by payment, against all real estate of the taxpayer within the state, and a certificate of such lien signed by the commissioner may be filed for record in the office of the clerk of any town in which such real estate is situated, provided no such lien shall be effective as against any bona fide purchaser or qualified encumbrancer of any interest in any such property. When any tax with respect to which a lien has been recorded under the provisions of this section has been satisfied, the commissioner, upon request of any interested party, shall issue a certificate discharging such lien, which certificate shall be recorded in the same office in which the lien was recorded. Any action for the foreclosure of such lien shall be brought by the Attorney General in the name of the state in the superior court for the judicial district in which the property subject to such lien is situated, or, if such property is located in two or more judicial districts, in the superior court for any one such judicial district, and the court may limit the time for redemption or order the sale of such property or make such other or further decree as it judges equitable.

(c) The Commissioner of Revenue Services shall notify the Chief Court Administrator of the failure of any person to comply with the provisions of this section and the Chief Court Administrator shall notify the judges of the Superior Court of such failure.

(d) If any person fails to pay the amount of tax reported to be due on such person's return within the time specified under the provisions of this section, there shall be imposed a penalty of fifty dollars, which penalty shall be payable to, and recoverable by, the commissioner in the same manner as the tax imposed under this section. Subject to the provisions of section 12-3a , the commissioner may waive all or part of the penalties provided under this section when it is proven to his satisfaction that the failure to pay any tax was due to reasonable cause and was not intentional or due to neglect.

(e) If any tax is not paid when due as provided in this section, there shall be added to the amount of the tax interest at the rate of one per cent per month or fraction thereof from the date the tax became due until it is paid.

(f) If the commissioner is satisfied beyond a reasonable doubt that the failure to file a return or to pay the tax was due to reasonable cause and was not intentional or due to neglect, he may abate or remit the whole or any part of any penalty under this section.

(g) This section shall not apply (1) to any attorney whose name has been removed from the roll of attorneys maintained by the clerk of the superior court for the judicial district of Hartford, (2) to any attorney who has retired from the practice of law, provided the attorney shall file written notice of retirement with the clerk of the superior court for the judicial district of Hartford, (3) to any attorney who does not engage in the practice of law as an occupation and receives less than one thousand dollars in legal fees or other compensation for services involving the practice of law during any calendar year, or (4) with respect to the tax due in any calendar year, to any attorney serving on active duty with the armed forces of the United States for more than six months in such year.

(h) No person shall be liable for payment of the occupational tax under this section solely by virtue of such person having engaged in the practice of law while acting as an employee of the state, any political subdivision of the state or any probate court.

(i) The provisions of sections 12-548 to 12-554 , inclusive, and section 12-555a shall apply to the provisions of this section in the same manner and with the same force and effect as if the language of said sections 12-548 to 12-554 , inclusive, and section 12-555a had been incorporated in full into this section and had expressly referred to the tax under this section, except to the extent that any such provision is inconsistent with a provision of this section.

Cited. 168 C. 212.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-51q — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 872a / Section 51-51q
Sec. 51-51q. Recommendation of council re appointment or reappointment of judge and reappointment of family support magistrate and administrative law judge. Information required to be made available to General Assembly judiciary committee.
Status: in_force

(2) In addition to the information required to be submitted under subdivision (1) of this subsection, the Judicial Review Council shall make all complaint files concerning any such judge available to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to the judiciary. Notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes, if the disposition of a complaint filed against any such judge involved the issuance of an admonishment to or the public censure or suspension of such judge, (A) no information pertaining to the complaint and the investigation and disposition of such complaint may be removed, redacted or otherwise withheld by the Judicial Review Council prior to making such complaint files available to said committee as required by this subdivision, and (B) the Judicial Review Council shall provide to said committee any information, including, but not limited to, any confidential information, in its possession concerning such judge that may be requested in writing by the cochairpersons of said committee. Such information shall be provided to said committee not later than three business days following the date the request is received by the Judicial Review Council. Any confidential information provided to said committee as required by this subdivision shall not be further disclosed to any person or organization.

(3) If the Judicial Review Council has reason to believe any such judge is guilty of conduct under section 51-51i , material neglect of duty or incompetence in the conduct of his office, it may refuse to recommend such judge for nomination for appointment to a different court or for reappointment. The Judicial Review Council shall not recommend a judge for nomination for appointment to a different court or for reappointment if the council finds such judge has wilfully violated section 51-39a or has been convicted of a felony or of a misdemeanor involving moral turpitude.

(b) The Judicial Review Council shall submit its recommendations concerning the nomination for reappointment of any family support magistrate whose term of office is about to expire, including a report of any investigation of any such family support magistrate by the council, to the Governor and to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to the judiciary. The Judicial Review Council shall provide information to said committee concerning any complaint filed against such family support magistrate and the investigation and disposition of such complaint, including, but not limited to, confidential information, in the same manner and subject to the same requirements as information provided under subdivisions (1) and (2) of subsection (a) of this section.

(c) The Judicial Review Council shall submit its recommendations concerning the nomination for reappointment of any administrative law judge whose term of office is about to expire, including a report of any investigation of such administrative law judge by the council, to the Governor and to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to the judiciary. The Judicial Review Council shall provide information to said committee concerning any complaint filed against such administrative law judge and the investigation and disposition of such complaint, including, but not limited to, confidential information, in the same manner and subject to the same requirements as information provided under subdivisions (1) and (2) of subsection (a) of this section.

(d) If a complaint against any such judge, administrative law judge or family support magistrate is received by the Judicial Review Council and the Judicial Review Council is unable to make its findings and complete its duties with respect to such judge, administrative law judge or family support magistrate prior to the expiration of the term of office of such judge, administrative law judge or family support magistrate, the Judicial Review Council shall not refuse to recommend such judge, administrative law judge or family support magistrate for reappointment based on such complaint, but shall report the fact of such complaint to the Governor and to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to the judiciary.

Cited. 193 C. 180; 240 C. 157.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-14a — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 870 / Section 51-14a
Sec. 51-14a. Connecticut Code of Evidence. Adoption. Advisory committee.
Status: in_force

(b) On or before January 1, 2015, and annually thereafter, the chairperson of the advisory committee established pursuant to subsection (a) of this section shall report on the activities of the advisory committee to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to the judiciary. Upon the adoption of said code by the Supreme Court, such report shall include any proposed amendments to said code which are being considered by the advisory committee.

(c) Nothing in this section shall limit with respect to the law of evidence the authority of the Supreme Court under common law or the legislative authority of the General Assembly.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-291 — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 887 / Section 51-291
Sec. 51-291. Duties of the Chief Public Defender.
Status: in_force

(1) Direct and supervise the work of the Deputy Chief Public Defender and all public defenders, assistant public defenders, deputy assistant public defenders and other personnel appointed pursuant to this chapter; and the Chief Public Defender and the Deputy Chief Public Defender may participate in the trial of criminal actions.

(2) Submit to the commission, prior to December thirty-first of each year, a report which shall include all pertinent data on the operation of the Division of Public Defender Services, the costs, projected needs, and recommendations for statutory changes, including changes in the civil and criminal law, and changes in court rules, which may be appropriate to the improvement of the system of criminal justice, the rehabilitation of offenders, the representation of children and parents or guardians in child protection and family relations matters and other related objectives. Prior to February first of the following year, the commission shall submit the report along with such recommendations, comments, conclusions or other pertinent information it chooses to make, to the Chief Justice, the Governor and the members of the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to the judiciary. The reports shall be public records, shall be maintained in the office of Chief Public Defender and shall be otherwise distributed as the commission shall direct.

(3) With the approval of the commission, establish such divisions, facilities and offices and select such professional, technical and other personnel, including investigators, as the Chief Public Defender deems reasonably necessary for the efficient operation and discharge of the duties of public defender services under this chapter, subject to the personnel policies and compensation plan established by the commission.

(4) Administer, coordinate and control the operations of public defender services and be responsible for the overall supervision and direction of all personnel, offices, divisions and facilities of the Division of Public Defender Services.

(5) Develop programs and administer activities to achieve the purposes of this chapter.

(6) At the discretion of the Chief Public Defender, consult and cooperate with professional bodies and groups concerning the causes of criminal conduct, means for reducing the commission of crimes, the rehabilitation and correction of those convicted of crimes, and the improvement of the administration and conduct of public defender services.

(7) Keep and maintain proper financial records with respect to the providing of all public defender services for use in the calculating of direct and indirect costs of any or all aspects of the operation of public defender services.

(8) Supervise the training of all public defenders, assistant public defenders, deputy assistant public defenders, Division of Public Defender Services assigned counsel and other personnel and establish such training courses as shall be appropriate.

(9) Promulgate necessary rules, regulations and instructions, consistent with this chapter, defining the organization of his office and the responsibilities of public defenders, assistant public defenders, deputy assistant public defenders and other personnel.

(10) With the approval of the commission, apply for and accept on behalf of the Division of Public Defender Services any funds that may be offered or that may become available from government grants, private gifts, donations or bequests, or from any other source, and with the approval of the commission expend the funds to carry out the purposes of this chapter.

(11) Maintain one or more lists of trial lawyers who may be available to represent persons in habeas corpus proceedings arising from criminal matters, or to represent juveniles in delinquency matters before the court, or to represent parents or guardians and children in child protection and family relations matters pursuant to subsection (c) of section 51-296 , or to represent persons in other appropriate matters on a case by case basis, as needed, which lawyers shall be selected by a judge of the court before which the matter is to be heard.

(12) Establish compensation for lawyers selected under subdivision (11) of this section for their services with the approval of the commission, to be paid from the budget of the Public Defender Services Commission.

(13) Prepare and submit to the commission estimates of appropriations necessary for the maintenance and operation of public defender services, and make recommendations with respect thereto; and with the approval of the commission, and after such modification as the commission directs, submit the budget requests to the Governor.

Subdiv. (11) allows the court to make discretionary appointment of counsel in a habeas corpus action, but present case concerning conditions of confinement does not rise to the level of requiring such appointment. 49 CS 1.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-197a — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 882 / Section 51-197a
Sec. 51-197a. Appeals to Appellate Court. Writs. Transfer of jurisdiction from appellate session.
Status: in_force

(b) The Appellate Court may issue all writs necessary or appropriate in aid of its jurisdiction and agreeable to the usages and principles of law.

(c) All matters pending in the appellate session of the Superior Court on July 1, 1983, shall be construed as pending with the same status in the Appellate Court on said date.

(d) Notwithstanding subsection (c) of this section, the appellate session of the Superior Court shall continue to have jurisdiction over appeals which it heard prior to July 1, 1983, pursuant to the provisions which were applicable at such time.

(e) Except as otherwise provided in sections 2-40 , 2-42 , 7-143 , 7-230 , 8-8 , 8-9 , 8-132 , 8-132a , 10-153e , 12-4 , 13a-76 , 31-109 , 31-118 , 31-249b , 31-272 , 31-301b , 31-301c , 31-324 , 31-491 , 31-493 , 38a-470 , 46a-94 , 46a-95 , 46b-142 , 46b-143 , 46b-150c , 51-1a , 51-14 , 51-49 , 51-50j , 51-164x , 51-165 , 51-197a , 51-197b , 51-197c , 51-197e , 51-197f , 51-201 , 51-202 , 51-203 , 51-209 , 51-210 , 51-211 , 51-213 , 51-215a , 51-216a , 52-235 , 52-257 , 52-259 , 52-263 , 52-267 , 52-405 , 52-434 , 52-434a , 52-470 , 52-476 , 52-477 , 52-592 , 54-63g , 54-95 , 54-96 , 54-96a , 54-96b and 54-143 , all jurisdiction conferred upon and exercised by the appellate session prior to July 1, 1983, of the Superior Court shall be transferred to the Appellate Court.

Cited. 186 C. 153. Case does not come within narrow confines of existing exceptions to the finality rule for appeal; exceptions discussed. 189 C. 92. Cited. Id., 92; Id., 101; 191 C. 27; Id., 506; 192 C. 653; 193 C. 612. Does not preclude court from entertaining a writ of error pursuant to Sec. 52-272 from the small claims division. 194 C. 43. Cited. Id., 245; Id., 347; Id., 650; 195 C. 226; Id., 276; Id., 303; 197 C. 82; Id., 87; 202 C. 86; 203 C. 317; 206 C. 542; 209 C. 52; 210 C. 110; 212 C. 741; 220 C. 162; 222 C. 211; 224 C. 749; 225 C. 102; 226 C. 230; 228 C. 106; Id., 630. Appellate Court's order was not a necessary or appropriate exercise of authority under section; judgment of Appellate Court in 31 CA 728 reversed in part. 229 C. 817. Cited. 242 C. 599. Trial court order precluding parties from filing any further motions regarding custody or visitation constitutes an appealable final judgment. 243 C. 380.

Cited. 1 CA 1; Id., 43; Id., 66; Id., 70; Id., 105; Id., 142; Id., 186; Id., 270; Id., 278; Id., 285; Id., 320; Id., 373; Id., 378; Id., 384; Id., 414; Id., 439; Id., 509; Id., 511; Id., 517; Id., 521; Id., 540; Id., 569; Id., 591; 2 CA 1; Id., 7; Id., 11; Id., 14; Id., 109; Id., 164; Id., 196; Id., 204; Id., 219; Id., 255; Id., 321; Id., 384; Id., 595; Id., 628; Id., 689; 3 CA 24; Id., 47; Id., 51; Id., 80; Id., 97; Id., 157; Id., 158; Id., 162; Id., 166; Id., 179; Id., 181; Id., 201; Id., 212; Id., 235; Id., 240; Id., 264; Id., 306; Id., 370; Id., 392; Id., 404; Id., 410; Id., 416; Id., 421; Id., 432; Id., 471; Id., 496; Id., 530; Id., 550; Id., 587; Id., 627; Id., 707; 4 CA 24; Id., 67; Id., 68; Id., 106; Id., 143; Id., 209; Id., 226; 5 CA 170; Id., 244; 9 CA 93; 20 CA 23; Id., 470; 22 CA 73; 25 CA 28; 26 CA 322; 29 CA 716; 33 CA 99; Id., 702; 35 CA 9; 36 CA 49; Id., 138; 37 CA 269; 40 CA 446; Id., 613; 41 CA 1; Id., 747. Court's temporary order to determine joint custody dispute over which school a child would attend was not a final judgment and was therefore not immediately appealable. 75 CA 279. Writ of error is the proper avenue to obtain review of a small claims matter where the trial court awards counterclaim damages above the jurisdictional money limit in Sec. 51-15. 140 CA 514. Imposition of sanctions against non-party attorney for failing to immediately produce phone records of defendant's employer was final action allowing attorney to pursue writ of error before appellate court because sanctions concluded a distinct and separate proceeding and were unrelated to prosecution of underlying personal injury action. 195 CA 131.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-5d — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 870 / Section 51-5d
Sec. 51-5d. Chief Court Administrator to transfer certain revenue to organization administering program for use of interest earned on lawyers' clients' funds accounts and to Judicial Data Processing Revolving Fund.
Status: in_force

(b) The Chief Court Administrator, or a designee, on or before the last day of January, April, July and October in each year, shall (1) certify the amount of revenue received as a result of any fee increase that took effect July 1, 2012, set forth in (A) section 52-259 , (B) section 52-259c , (C) subdivision (1) of subsection (a) of section 52-356a , (D) subsection (a) of section 52-361a , (E) subsection (b) of section 52-367a , and (F) subsection (b) of section 52-367b , and (2) transfer (A) seventy per cent of such amount prior to July 1, 2014, and ninety-five per cent of such amount on or after July 1, 2014, to the organization administering the program for the use of interest earned on lawyers' clients' funds accounts pursuant to section 51-81c , for the purpose of funding the delivery of legal services to the poor, and (B) thirty per cent of such amount prior to July 1, 2014, and five per cent of such amount on or after July 1, 2014, to the Judicial Data Processing Revolving Fund established in section 51-5b , for the purpose of maintaining and improving any informational data processing system operated by the Judicial Department, subject to the transfer requirements of subsection (c) of section 51-5b .

(c) The Chief Court Administrator, or a designee, on or before the last day of January, April, July and October in each year, shall certify the amount of revenue received as a result of any fee increase that took effect July 1, 2016, set forth in sections 52-258 , 52-259 , 52-259c , 52-356a , 52-361a , 52-367a and 52-367b and transfer such amount to the organization administering the program for the use of interest earned on lawyers' clients' funds accounts pursuant to section 51-81c , for the purpose of funding the delivery of legal services to the poor.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-197f — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 882 / Section 51-197f
Sec. 51-197f. Further review by certification only.
Status: in_force

Cited. 186 C. 153. Decision of Appellate Court denying petition for certification was not a “final” determination of an appeal by Appellate Court within meaning of statute. 194 C. 277. Cited. 196 C. 676; 220 C. 922; 221 C. 84; 222 C. 331; 224 C. 711; 226 C. 230; 229 C. 178; 230 C. 427; 236 C. 266; Id., 388; 241 C. 282. Meaning of “party” distinguished from meaning in Sec. 52-263. 250 C. 147. A final determination exists for purposes of Supreme Court jurisdiction under section once Appellate Court conclusively resolves the issue or issues before it and disposes of the cause such that no further action is necessary by Appellate Court. 293 C. 247. A writ of error is tantamount to an appeal for purposes of this section and Supreme Court has jurisdiction to grant certification to appeal Appellate Court's judgment on transferred writ of error. 331 C. 711.

Cited. 4 CA 1. Supreme Court's review is discretionary; certification process does not create a right to counsel. 54 CA 400.

Cited. 38 CS 356.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-50b — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 872 / Section 51-50b
Sec. 51-50b. Retirement contribution.
Status: in_force

(b) The provisions of this section with respect to judges shall apply only to any person first appointed a judge of any court after May 20, 1967, and, on or after July 1, 1978, to any person who was appointed a judge on or prior to May 20, 1967, and who is reappointed to the same court on or after July 1, 1978, or who is appointed to a different court on or after July 1, 1978. The deduction or withholding shall commence with the reappointment or appointment, as the case may be. The appointment of a judge of the Supreme Court to the office of Chief Justice, the appointment, on or after August 1, 1983, of a judge of the Appellate Court to the Supreme Court prior to the expiration of his term as an Appellate Court judge or the appointment of a Superior Court judge to the Supreme Court or, on or after August 1, 1983, to the Appellate Court, prior to the expiration of his term as a Superior Court judge shall not be deemed to be a reappointment to the same court or appointment to a different court.

(c) All matching noncontributory payments required to be made by the state to carry out the provisions of sections 51-49 , 51-50 and 51-50a on behalf of administrative law judges shall be an expense of the compensation commission for purposes of assessment under section 31-345 .

(d) All contributions made under this section shall be refunded without interest to any judge, family support magistrate or administrative law judge who resigns or is otherwise removed from judicial office or from the office of family support magistrate or the office of administrative law judge prior to becoming eligible for retirement benefits or in the event of the death of any such judge, family support magistrate or administrative law judge, to his named beneficiary or, if none, his estate, provided no pension is payable under section 51-51 .

See Sec. 51-49d re funding of retirement system.

Discussed; history of state referees. 164 C. 360.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-49i — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 872 / Section 51-49i
Sec. 51-49i. Right to retirement salary of judge, family support magistrate or administrative law judge retiring on or after July 1, 2022.
Status: in_force

(b) Any judge, family support magistrate or administrative law judge who has been refunded contributions from the State Employees Retirement Fund for any prior period of state service may receive credit for such service upon repayment of such refunded contributions with interest thereon at the rate of five per cent per year from the date of refund to the date of payment. The amount of such payment shall be transferred to the judges, family support magistrates and administrative law judges retirement system. A judge, a family support magistrate or an administrative law judge may elect to retire at any time thereafter.

(c) Each judge shall receive annually, as retirement salary, two-thirds of such judge's salary as defined in section 51-49f , each family support magistrate shall receive annually, as retirement salary, two-thirds of such family support magistrate's salary as defined in section 46b-233a , and each administrative law judge shall receive annually, as retirement salary, two-thirds of such administrative law judge's salary as defined in section 51-49g . If a judge, a family support magistrate or an administrative law judge has served fewer than ten years at the time of such judge's, family support magistrate's or administrative law judge's retirement and has attained the age of seventy while serving in such judge's, family support magistrate's or administrative law judge's respective office, such judge's, family support magistrate's or administrative law judge's retirement salary shall be reduced in the same manner as provided in subdivision (2) of subsection (b) of section 51-50 .
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-33a — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 871 / Section 51-33a
Sec. 51-33a. Criminal contempt.
Status: in_force

(b) No person charged with violating this section may be tried for the violation before the same judge against whom the alleged contempt was perpetrated.

Section designed to satisfy due process requirements when contumacious conduct involves a personal attack on judge and judge does not act when the contempt is committed; does not expressly or impliedly repeal Sec. 51-33, both are operative. 186 C. 256. Cited. 191 C. 110; 214 C. 344; 221 C. 498; 222 C. 591; 225 C. 355; 241 C. 569.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 51-344 — Connecticut Code / Title 51 / Chapter 890 / Section 51-344
Sec. 51-344. Judicial districts established.
Status: in_force

(1) The judicial district of Ansonia-Milford, consisting of the towns of Ansonia, Beacon Falls, Derby, Milford, Orange, Oxford, Seymour, Shelton and West Haven;

(2) The judicial district of Danbury, consisting of the towns of Bethel, Brookfield, Danbury, New Fairfield, Newtown, Redding, Ridgefield and Sherman;

(3) The judicial district of Bridgeport, consisting of the towns of Bridgeport, Easton, Fairfield, Monroe, Stratford and Trumbull;

(4) The judicial district of Hartford, consisting of the towns of Avon, Bloomfield, Canton, East Granby, East Hartford, East Windsor, Enfield, Farmington, Glastonbury, Granby, Hartford, Manchester, Marlborough, Simsbury, South Windsor, Suffield, West Hartford, Windsor and Windsor Locks;

(5) The judicial district of Litchfield, consisting of the towns of Barkhamsted, Bethlehem, Bridgewater, Canaan, Colebrook, Cornwall, Goshen, Hartland, Harwinton, Kent, Litchfield, Morris, New Hartford, New Milford, Norfolk, North Canaan, Roxbury, Salisbury, Sharon, Thomaston, Torrington, Warren, Washington and Winchester;

(6) The judicial district of Middlesex, consisting of the towns of Chester, Clinton, Cromwell, Deep River, Durham, East Haddam, East Hampton, Essex, Haddam, Killingworth, Middlefield, Middletown, Old Saybrook, Portland and Westbrook;

(7) The judicial district of New Britain, consisting of the towns of Berlin, Bristol, Burlington, New Britain, Newington, Plainville, Plymouth, Rocky Hill, Southington and Wethersfield;

(8) The judicial district of New Haven, consisting of the towns of Bethany, Branford, Cheshire, East Haven, Guilford, Hamden, Madison, Meriden, New Haven, North Branford, North Haven, Wallingford and Woodbridge;

(9) The judicial district of New London, consisting of the towns of Bozrah, Colchester, East Lyme, Franklin, Griswold, Groton, Lebanon, Ledyard, Lisbon, Lyme, Montville, New London, North Stonington, Norwich, Old Lyme, Preston, Salem, Sprague, Stonington, Voluntown and Waterford;

(10) The judicial district of Stamford-Norwalk, consisting of the towns of Darien, Greenwich, New Canaan, Norwalk, Stamford, Weston, Westport and Wilton;

(11) The judicial district of Tolland, consisting of the towns of Andover, Bolton, Columbia, Coventry, Ellington, Hebron, Mansfield, Somers, Stafford, Tolland, Union, Vernon and Willington;

(12) The judicial district of Waterbury, consisting of the towns of Middlebury, Naugatuck, Prospect, Southbury, Waterbury, Watertown, Wolcott and Woodbury; and

(13) The judicial district of Windham, consisting of the towns of Ashford, Brooklyn, Canterbury, Chaplin, Eastford, Hampton, Killingly, Plainfield, Pomfret, Putnam, Scotland, Sterling, Thompson, Windham and Woodstock.

Cited. 198 C. 147; 237 C. 454.

Cited. 40 CA 762.

Cited. 39 CS 347.