Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-351f — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 15c / Section 1-351f
Sec. 1-351f. General authority with respect to commodities and options.
Status: in_force

(1) Buy, sell, exchange, assign, settle and exercise commodity futures contracts and call or put options on stocks or stock indexes traded on a regulated option exchange; and

(2) Establish, continue, modify and terminate option accounts.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-228 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 14 / Section 1-228
Sec. 1-228. (Formerly Sec. 1-21d). Adjournment of meetings. Notice.
Status: in_force

Annotations to former section 1-21d:

Cited. 174 C. 308; 181 C. 324; 184 C. 102; 190 C. 235; 192 C. 310; 204 C. 609; 205 C. 767; 206 C. 449; 207 C. 698; 208 C. 442; 209 C. 204; 210 C. 590; Id., 646; 212 C. 100; 213 C. 126; Id., 216; 214 C. 312; 216 C. 253; 217 C. 153; Id., 193; 218 C. 256; Id., 757; 220 C. 225; 221 C. 217; Id., 300; Id., 393; Id., 482; Id., 549; 222 C. 621; 228 C. 158; Id., 271.

Cited. 2 CA 600; 4 CA 468; 14 CA 380; judgment reversed, see 210 C. 646; 16 CA 49; 19 CA 352; Id., 539; 20 CA 671; 22 CA 316; 29 CA 821; 35 CA 111; 37 CA 589; 42 CA 402; 43 CA 133.

Cited. 41 CS 31; Id., 267; 42 CS 84; Id., 129; Id., 291.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-200 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 14 / Section 1-200
Sec. 1-200. (Formerly Sec. 1-18a). Definitions.
Status: in_force

(1) “Public agency” or “agency” means:

(A) Any executive, administrative or legislative office of the state or any political subdivision of the state and any state or town agency, any department, institution, bureau, board, commission, authority or official of the state or of any city, town, borough, municipal corporation, school district, regional district or other district or other political subdivision of the state, including any committee of, or created by, any such office, subdivision, agency, department, institution, bureau, board, commission, authority or official, and also includes any judicial office, official, or body or committee thereof but only with respect to its or their administrative functions, and for purposes of this subparagraph, “judicial office” includes, but is not limited to, the Division of Public Defender Services;

(B) Any person to the extent such person is deemed to be the functional equivalent of a public agency pursuant to law; or

(C) Any “implementing agency”, as defined in section 32-222 .

(2) “Meeting” means any hearing or other proceeding of a public agency, any convening or assembly of a quorum of a multimember public agency, and any communication by or to a quorum of a multimember public agency, whether in person or by means of electronic equipment, to discuss or act upon a matter over which the public agency has supervision, control, jurisdiction or advisory power. “Meeting” does not include: Any meeting of a personnel search committee for executive level employment candidates; any chance meeting, or a social meeting neither planned nor intended for the purpose of discussing matters relating to official business; strategy or negotiations with respect to collective bargaining; a caucus of members of a single political party notwithstanding that such members also constitute a quorum of a public agency; an administrative or staff meeting of a single-member public agency; and communication limited to notice of meetings of any public agency or the agendas thereof. A quorum of the members of a public agency who are present at any event which has been noticed and conducted as a meeting of another public agency under the provisions of the Freedom of Information Act shall not be deemed to be holding a meeting of the public agency of which they are members as a result of their presence at such event.

(3) “Caucus” means (A) a convening or assembly of the enrolled members of a single political party who are members of a public agency within the state or a political subdivision, or (B) the members of a multimember public agency, which members constitute a majority of the membership of the agency, or the other members of the agency who constitute a minority of the membership of the agency, who register their intention to be considered a majority caucus or minority caucus, as the case may be, for the purposes of the Freedom of Information Act, provided (i) the registration is made with the office of the Secretary of the State for any such public agency of the state, in the office of the clerk of a political subdivision of the state for any public agency of a political subdivision of the state, or in the office of the clerk of each municipal member of any multitown district or agency, (ii) no member is registered in more than one caucus at any one time, (iii) no such member's registration is rescinded during the member's remaining term of office, and (iv) a member may remain a registered member of the majority caucus or minority caucus regardless of whether the member changes his or her party affiliation under chapter 143.

(4) “Person” means natural person, partnership, corporation, limited liability company, association or society.

(5) “Public records or files” means any recorded data or information relating to the conduct of the public's business prepared, owned, used, received or retained by a public agency, or to which a public agency is entitled to receive a copy by law or contract under section 1-218 , whether such data or information be handwritten, typed, tape-recorded, videotaped, printed, photostated, photographed or recorded by any other method.

(6) “Executive sessions” means a meeting of a public agency at which the public is excluded for one or more of the following purposes: (A) Discussion concerning the appointment, employment, performance, evaluation, health or dismissal of a public officer or employee, provided that such individual may require that discussion be held at an open meeting; (B) strategy and negotiations with respect to pending claims or pending litigation to which the public agency or a member thereof, because of the member's conduct as a member of such agency, is a party until such litigation or claim has been finally adjudicated or otherwise settled; (C) matters concerning security strategy or the deployment of security personnel, or devices affecting public security; (D) discussion of the selection of a site or the lease, sale or purchase of real estate by the state or a political subdivision of the state when publicity regarding such site, lease, sale, purchase or construction would adversely impact the price of such site, lease, sale, purchase or construction until such time as all of the property has been acquired or all proceedings or transactions concerning same have been terminated or abandoned; and (E) discussion of any matter which would result in the disclosure of public records or the information contained therein described in subsection (b) of section 1-210 .

(7) “Personnel search committee” means a body appointed by a public agency, whose sole purpose is to recommend to the appointing agency a candidate or candidates for an executive-level employment position. Members of a “personnel search committee” shall not be considered in determining whether there is a quorum of the appointing or any other public agency.

(8) “Pending claim” means a written notice to an agency which sets forth a demand for legal relief or which asserts a legal right stating the intention to institute an action in an appropriate forum if such relief or right is not granted.

(9) “Pending litigation” means (A) a written notice to an agency which sets forth a demand for legal relief or which asserts a legal right stating the intention to institute an action before a court if such relief or right is not granted by the agency; (B) the service of a complaint against an agency returnable to a court which seeks to enforce or implement legal relief or a legal right; or (C) the agency's consideration of action to enforce or implement legal relief or a legal right.

(10) “Freedom of Information Act” means this chapter.

(11) “Governmental function” means the administration or management of a program of a public agency, which program has been authorized by law to be administered or managed by a person, where (A) the person receives funding from the public agency for administering or managing the program, (B) the public agency is involved in or regulates to a significant extent such person's administration or management of the program, whether or not such involvement or regulation is direct, pervasive, continuous or day-to-day, and (C) the person participates in the formulation of governmental policies or decisions in connection with the administration or management of the program and such policies or decisions bind the public agency. “Governmental function” shall not include the mere provision of goods or services to a public agency without the delegated responsibility to administer or manage a program of a public agency.

(12) “Electronic equipment” means any technology that facilitates real-time public access to meetings, including, but not limited to, telephonic, video or other conferencing platforms.

(13) “Electronic transmission” means any form or process of communication not directly involving the physical transfer of paper or another tangible medium, which (A) is capable of being retained, retrieved and reproduced by the recipient, and (B) is retrievable in paper form by the recipient.

Annotations to former section 1-18a:

Cited. 174 C. 308; 181 C. 324; 182 C. 142; 184 C. 102; 190 C. 235; 192 C. 310; 204 C. 609; 205 C. 767; 206 C. 449; 207 C. 698; 208 C. 442; 209 C. 204; 210 C. 590; Id., 646; 212 C. 100; 213 C. 126; Id., 216; 214 C. 312; 216 C. 253; 217 C. 153; Id., 193; 218 C. 256; Id., 757; 220 C. 225; 221 C. 217; Id., 300; Id., 393; Id., 482; Id., 549; 222 C. 621; 227 C. 641; Id., 848; 228 C. 158; Id., 271; 234 C. 704; 240 C. 1.

Cited. 4 CA 468; 14 CA 380; judgment reversed, see 210 C. 646; 16 CA 49; 19 CA 352; Id., 539; 20 CA 671; 22 CA 316; 29 CA 821; 31 CA 690; 35 CA 111; 37 CA 589; 42 CA 402; 43 CA 133; 51 CA 100.

Cited. 41 CS 31; Id., 267; 42 CS 84; Id. 129; Id., 291.

Subsec. (a):

Woodstock Academy deemed a “public agency” within meaning of statute. 181 C. 544. Rules committee of Superior Court does not perform “administrative functions” within meaning of statute and is not subject to provisions of the Freedom of Information Act. 192 C. 234. Cited. 204 C. 609. Exercise of administrative functions and adjudication discussed. 209 C. 204. Connecticut Humane Society not a public agency within meaning of section; applications of section discussed. 218 C. 757. “Committee” under section refers only to subunits composed entirely of public agency members. 219 C. 685. Cited. 221 C. 217; Id. 300; Id., 835.

Cited. 18 CA 291; 19 CA 352; 36 CA 155; 42 CA 519; Id., 700; judgment reversed, see 240 C. 835; 43 CA 133. Domestic Violence Services of Greater New Haven, Inc. not a public agency within meaning of statute; “functional equivalent” test discussed. 47 CA 466. Gathering of 4 selectmen, chairman of board of finance and town controller to discuss future meeting of board of selectmen not a meeting of the board of selectmen since less than a quorum of board present at the gathering. 48 CA 529.

Cited. 39 CS 257; 42 CS 129; 44 CS 230.

Subsec. (b):

Cited. 201 C. 685; 230 C. 441; 231 C. 922. Section must be construed to contemplate a bifurcated grievance hearing; judgments of Appellate Court in 42 CA 700 reversed. 240 C. 835.

Cited. 19 CA 352; 42 CA 402. Grievance hearings involve “negotiations with respect to collective bargaining” pursuant to the statutory exception of section. Id., 700; judgment reversed, see 240 C. 835. Grievance arbitration hearings before Board of Mediation and Arbitration are not public meetings within the meaning of section. 43 CA 133.

Gathering of Republican members of board of aldermen attended by persons other than Republicans was not a caucus under Subsec. but a public meeting subject to the notice and record requirements of Secs. 1-7 to 1-21k; when members of a public agency who are of the same political party gather for the limited purpose of discussing and deciding the party's position on matters to come before the agency, that gathering is a caucus under Subsec. 36 CS 117. Cited. 39 CS 56; 42 CS 84.

Subsec. (c):

Cited. 221 C. 217; 222 C. 361; 234 C. 624.

Subsec. (d):

Cited. 204 C. 609; 228 C. 158.

Cited. 4 CA 216; 44 CA 622. Certain affidavits of town employees and officers prepared by the town attorney's office to assist town attorney in defending the town against complaint not public records since prepared by town attorney who is not town employee for his use and not for use of public agency. 48 CA 522.

Subsec. (e):

Cited. 182 C. 138; 192 C. 183; 198 C. 498; 199 C. 451. Subdiv. (1): Court interpreted “appointment” to include term “filling a vacancy” used in Sec. 10-219. 213 C. 216. Subdiv. (2): Term “pending claim” discussed. 217 C. 153. Cited. 221 C. 217; 240 C. 835.

Cited. 2 CA 600; 14 CA 380; judgment reversed, see 210 C. 646; 19 CA 539; 20 CA 671; 42 CA 402.

Subdiv. (1): “Filling a vacancy” as used in Sec. 10-219 constitutes “appointment” within meaning of this section. 41 CS 267.

Subsec. (h):

Any action, not restricted to legal action, to implement legal relief or enforce a legal right concerns “pending litigation”. 243 C. 427.

Annotations to present section:

Order that documents be disclosed under section was proper. 54 CA 373. Instructors in master gardener program at University of Connecticut who do not perform governmental function within meaning of Subdiv. (11) and have no power to govern, regulate or make decisions affecting government do not constitute public agencies under Subdiv. (1). 90 CA 101.

Subdiv. (1):

In Subpara. (A), “administrative functions” of Judicial Branch means activities related to budget, personnel, facilities and physical operations. 278 C. 28. Arbitration panel established pursuant to the Teacher Negotiation Act, Sec. 10-153f, is not required to disclose information re arbitration negotiations because panel is not a “committee” or “subunit of a committee” of a public agency for purposes of chapter. 314 C. 802.

Subdiv. (2):

Grievance arbitration proceedings are not meetings within meaning of section. 244 C. 487. Because a “hearing or other proceeding” does not require a quorum of a public agency's members to constitute a meeting, a group comprising less than a quorum of a public agency may conduct a “hearing or other proceeding” when it has the express authority to take action; gathering of leadership group was not a “hearing or other proceeding of a public agency” and therefore, was not a “meeting”. 338 C. 310.

Predisciplinary employee conference is not a “meeting”. 48 CA 424. Gathering of leadership group of less than a quorum was not a “meeting” within meaning of Subdiv. because the gathering did not serve an adjudicatory function within the plain meaning of “hearing” and “proceeding”, but instead constituted a “convening or assembly”. 191 CA 648; judgment affirmed on alternate grounds, see 338 C. 310.

Subdiv. (5):

Documents that are not created by an agency, but come into its possession because there was probable cause to believe that they constitute evidence of an offense or evidence that a particular person participated in commission of an offense, relate to the conduct of the public's business and are public records. 330 C. 372.

A log created by an employee is still a public record if it relates to the “conduct of the public's business” and was “received” by the town, using the plain meaning of those terms. 224 CA 155.

Subdiv. (6):

It was not permissible for board to convene in executive session to discuss assertions set forth by complainant in a letter because board would not be a party to any potential future claim with respect to the letter and there was no pending claim set forth in the letter. 310 C. 276. Zoning commission's executive session was not justified under the pending claims or pending litigation exception. 316 C. 1.

Subdiv. (8):

There was no pending claim because complainants' letter did not actually or expressly demand relief or state an intent to institute an action if relief was not granted; a pending claim must involve legal relief or a right that is personal to the asserting party. 310 C. 276.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-84b — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 10 / Section 1-84b
Sec. 1-84b. Certain activities restricted after leaving public office or employment.
Status: in_force

(b) No former executive branch or quasi-public agency public official or state employee shall, for one year after leaving state service, represent anyone, other than the state, for compensation before the department, agency, board, commission, council or office in which he served at the time of his termination of service, concerning any matter in which the state has a substantial interest. The provisions of this subsection shall not apply to an attorney who is a former employee of the Division of Criminal Justice, with respect to any representation in a matter under the jurisdiction of a court.

(c) The provisions of this subsection apply to present or former executive branch public officials or state employees of an agency who hold or formerly held positions which involve significant decision-making or supervisory responsibility. Such positions shall be designated as such by the agency concerned, in consultation with the Office of State Ethics, except that such provisions shall not apply to members or former members of the boards or commissions who serve ex officio, who are required by statute to represent the regulated industry or who are permitted by statute to have a past or present affiliation with the regulated industry. On or before November 1, 2021, and not less than annually thereafter, the head of each agency concerned, or his or her designee, shall submit the designation of all positions in existence on such date that are subject to the provisions of this subsection to the office electronically, in a manner prescribed by the Citizen's Ethics Advisory Board. If an agency creates such a position after its annual submission under this subsection, the head of such agency, or his or her designee, shall submit the designation of the newly created position not later than thirty days after the creation of such position. As used in this subsection, “agency” means the Health Systems Planning Unit of the Office of Health Strategy, the Connecticut Siting Council, the Department of Banking, the Insurance Department, the Department of Emergency Services and Public Protection, the office within the Department of Consumer Protection that carries out the duties and responsibilities of sections 30-2 to 30-68m , inclusive, the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority, including the Office of Consumer Counsel, and the Department of Consumer Protection and the term “employment” means professional services or other services rendered as an employee or as an independent contractor.

(1) No public official or state employee in an executive branch position designated pursuant to the provisions of this subsection shall negotiate for, seek or accept employment with any business subject to regulation by his agency.

(2) No former public official or state employee who held such a position in the executive branch shall, within one year after leaving an agency, accept employment with a business subject to regulation by that agency.

(3) No business shall employ a present or former public official or state employee in violation of this subsection.

(d) The provisions of subsection (e) of this section apply to (1) present or former Department of Consumer Protection public officials or state employees who hold or formerly held positions which involve significant decision-making or supervisory responsibility and designated as such by the department, in consultation with the Office of State Ethics, and (2) present or former public officials or state employees of other agencies who hold or formerly held positions which involve significant decision-making or supervisory responsibility concerning the regulation or investigation of (A) any business entity (i) engaged in Indian gaming operations in the state, and (ii) in which a federally-recognized Indian tribe in the state owns a controlling interest, or (B) a governmental agency of a federally-recognized Indian tribe engaged in Indian gaming operations in the state, which positions are designated as such by the agency concerned, in consultation with the Office of State Ethics. On or before November 1, 2021, and not less than annually thereafter, the Commissioner of Consumer Protection and the head of each agency concerned, or their designees, shall submit designations of all positions in existence on such date that are subject to the provisions of this subsection to the office electronically, in a manner prescribed by the Citizen's Ethics Advisory Board. If the department or agency concerned creates such a position after its annual submission under this subsection, the Commissioner of Consumer Protection or the head of such agency, as applicable, or their designees, shall submit the designation of the newly created position not later than thirty days after the creation of such position.

(e) (1) No Department of Consumer Protection public official or state employee or other public official or state employee described in subdivision (2) of subsection (d) of this section shall negotiate for, seek or accept employment with (A) a business entity (i) engaged in Indian gaming operations in the state, and (ii) in which a federally-recognized Indian tribe in the state owns a controlling interest, or (B) a governmental agency of a federally-recognized Indian tribe engaged in Indian gaming operations in the state.

(2) No former Department of Consumer Protection public official or state employee or other former public official or state employee described in subdivision (2) of subsection (d) of this section, who held such a position shall, within two years after leaving such agency, accept employment with (A) a business entity (i) engaged in Indian gaming operations in the state, and (ii) in which a federally-recognized Indian tribe in the state owns a controlling interest, or (B) a governmental agency of a federally-recognized Indian tribe engaged in Indian gaming operations in the state.

(3) As used in this subsection, “employment” means professional services or other services rendered as an employee or as an independent contractor.

(f) No former public official or state employee (1) who participated substantially in the negotiation or award of (A) a state contract valued at an amount of fifty thousand dollars or more, or (B) a written agreement for the approval of a payroll deduction slot described in section 3-123g , or (2) who supervised the negotiation or award of such a contract or agreement, shall accept employment with a party to the contract or agreement other than the state for a period of one year after his resignation from his state office or position if his resignation occurs less than one year after the contract or agreement is signed. No party to such a contract or agreement other than the state shall employ any such former public official or state employee in violation of this subsection.

(g) No member or director of a quasi-public agency who participates substantially in the negotiation or award of a contract valued at an amount of fifty thousand dollars or more, or who supervised the negotiation or award of such a contract, shall seek, accept, or hold employment with a party to the contract for a period of one year after the signing of the contract.

(h) The provisions of subsections (a), (b) and (f) of this section shall not apply to any employee of a quasi-public agency who leaves such agency before July 1, 1989. The provisions of subsections (b) and (f) of this section shall not apply to a former state employee of a public institution of higher education whose employment was derived from such employee's status as a student at such institution.

(i) No Treasurer who authorizes, negotiates or renegotiates a contract for investment services valued at an amount of fifty thousand dollars or more shall negotiate for, seek or accept employment with a party to the contract prior to one year after the end of the Treasurer's term of office within which such contract for investment services was authorized, negotiated or renegotiated by such Treasurer.

(j) No former executive, judicial or legislative branch or quasi-public agency official or state employee convicted of any felony involving corrupt practices, abuse of office or breach of the public trust shall seek or accept employment as a lobbyist or act as a registrant pursuant to this chapter.

(k) No former Governor shall accept employment or act as a registrant pursuant to the provisions of this chapter, for one year after leaving state service, on behalf of any business that received a contract with any department or agency of the state during such Governor's term. No business shall employ a former Governor in violation of this subsection.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-273 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 15 / Section 1-273
Sec. 1-273. Provision of information in writing. Presentation of records.
Status: in_force

(b) If a law other than sections 1-266 to 1-286 , inclusive, requires a record to (1) be posted or displayed in a certain manner, (2) be sent, communicated or transmitted by a specified method, or (3) contain information that is formatted in a certain manner, the following rules apply:

(A) The record shall be posted or displayed in the manner specified in the other law.

(B) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (2) of subsection (d) of this section, the record shall be sent, communicated or transmitted by the method specified in the other law.

(C) The record shall contain the information formatted in the manner specified in the other law.

(c) If a sender inhibits the ability of a recipient to store or print an electronic record, the electronic record is not enforceable against the recipient.

(d) The requirements of this section may not be varied by agreement, except that:

(1) To the extent a law other than sections 1-266 to 1-286 , inclusive, requires information to be provided, sent or delivered in writing but permits such requirement to be varied by agreement, the requirement under subsection (a) of this section that the information be in the form of an electronic record capable of retention may also be varied by agreement; and

(2) A requirement under a law other than sections 1-266 to 1-286 , inclusive, to send, communicate or transmit a record by a specified means of delivery may be varied by agreement to the extent permitted by the other law.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-266 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 15 / Section 1-266
Sec. 1-266. Short title: Connecticut Uniform Electronic Transactions Act.
Status: in_force

See Secs. 7-35aa to 7-35gg, inclusive, re Uniform Real Property Electronic Recording Act.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-1e — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 1 / Section 1-1e
Sec. 1-1e. Savings clause.
Status: in_force

Court ordered support for a minor child terminates when child reaches eighteen. 168 C. 144. Cited. 177 C. 47.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-1h — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 1 / Section 1-1h
Sec. 1-1h. Identity cards.
Status: in_force

(b) (1) An identity card shall indicate its date of expiration, contain a picture of the applicant and specify the applicant's height, sex and eye color.

(2) An original identity card shall expire within a period not exceeding seven years following the date of the applicant's next birthday. Any person who holds an identity card may be notified by the commissioner before its expiration and may renew such card in such manner as the commissioner shall prescribe. Upon renewal of an identity card, the commissioner may issue an identity card for a period to be determined by the commissioner, provided such period does not exceed eight years. The fee for the renewal of an identity card that expires eight years from the date of issuance shall be thirty-two dollars. The commissioner shall charge a prorated amount of such fee for an identity card that expires less than eight years from the date of issuance. The commissioner shall not provide notification by mail to the holder of an identity card if the United States Postal Service has determined that mail is undeliverable to such person at the address for such person that is in the records of the department.

(c) A distinctive identity card shall be issued to any applicant less than twenty-one years of age. The identity card shall contain a statement that it is issued subject to the same verification of the applicant's identity as required for the issuance of a motor vehicle operator's license. The card may thereafter be exhibited to establish the age and identity of the person to whom it was issued.

(d) The Commissioner of Motor Vehicles, in consultation with the Liquor Control Commission, shall adopt regulations in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54 to carry out the purposes of this section and section 30-86 .

(e) Any person who misrepresents his or her age or practices any other deceit in the procurement of an identity card, or uses or exhibits an identity card belonging to any other person, shall be guilty of a class D misdemeanor and shall have such identity card revoked by the commissioner.

See Sec. 14-36h re contents and features of identity card.(b) (1) An identity card shall indicate its date of expiration, contain a picture of the applicant and specify the applicant's height, sex and eye color.

(2) An original identity card shall expire within a period not exceeding seven years following the date of the applicant's next birthday. Any person who holds an identity card may be notified by the commissioner before its expiration and may renew such card in such manner as the commissioner shall prescribe. Upon renewal of an identity card, the commissioner may issue an identity card for a period to be determined by the commissioner, provided such period does not exceed eight years. The fee for the renewal of an identity card that expires eight years from the date of issuance shall be thirty-two dollars. The commissioner shall charge a prorated amount of such fee for an identity card that expires less than eight years from the date of issuance. The commissioner shall not provide notification by mail to the holder of an identity card if the United States Postal Service has determined that mail is undeliverable to such person at the address for such person that is in the records of the department.

(c) A distinctive identity card shall be issued to any applicant less than twenty-one years of age. The identity card shall contain a statement that it is issued subject to the same verification of the applicant's identity as required for the issuance of a motor vehicle operator's license. The card may thereafter be exhibited to establish the age and identity of the person to whom it was issued.

(d) The Commissioner of Motor Vehicles, in consultation with the Liquor Control Commission, shall adopt regulations in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54 to carry out the purposes of this section and section 30-86 .

(e) Any person who misrepresents his or her age or practices any other deceit in the procurement of an identity card, or uses or exhibits an identity card belonging to any other person, shall be guilty of a class D misdemeanor and shall have such identity card revoked by the commissioner.

See Sec. 14-36h re contents and features of identity card.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-84c — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 10 / Section 1-84c
Sec. 1-84c. Donation of goods or services to state or quasi-public agencies. Reporting requirement.
Status: in_force

(b) If a public official or state employee receives goods or services to support such official's or employee's participation at an event, as described in subparagraph (E) of subdivision (5) of section 1-79 , and such goods or services (1) include lodging or out-of-state travel, or both, and (2) are not provided by the federal government or another state government, such official or employee shall, not later than thirty days after receipt of such goods or services, file a report with the Office of State Ethics. Such report shall be on an electronic form prescribed by the board and shall certify to the Office of State Ethics, under penalty of false statement, that the goods or services received in support of such official's or employee's participation at an event facilitated state action or functions. If a public official or state employee does not file a report within such thirty-day period, either intentionally or due to gross negligence on the official's or employee's part, the official or employee shall return to the donor the value of the goods or services received. Unless the failure to file such report is intentional or due to gross negligence, the public official or state employee shall not be subject to any penalty under this chapter for such failure.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-350i — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 15c / Section 1-350i
Sec. 1-350i. Termination of power of attorney or agent's authority.
Status: in_force

(1) The principal dies;

(2) The principal becomes incapacitated, if the power of attorney is not durable;

(3) The principal revokes the power of attorney;

(4) The power of attorney provides that it terminates;

(5) The purpose of the power of attorney is accomplished;

(6) The principal revokes the agent's authority or the agent dies, becomes incapacitated, or resigns and the power of attorney does not provide for another agent to act under the power of attorney; or

(7) The power of attorney is terminated by a court pursuant to subsection (b) of section 1-350g .

(b) An agent's authority terminates when:

(1) The principal revokes the authority;

(2) A court terminates the agent's authority pursuant to subsection (b) of section 1-350g ;

(3) The agent dies or resigns;

(4) The agent becomes incapacitated. Unless the power of attorney otherwise provides, an agent shall be determined to be incapable of acting as an agent upon a determination in a writing or other record that the agent is incapacitated:

(A) Within the meaning set forth in subparagraph (A) of subdivision (5) of section 1-350a , by:

(i) A judge in a court proceeding;

(ii) Two independent physicians, two independent advanced practice registered nurses or one independent physician and one independent advanced practice registered nurse; or

(iii) A successor agent, designated in accordance with section 1-350j , if a written opinion of a physician or an advanced practice registered nurse cannot be obtained either due to the refusal of an agent to be examined by a physician or an advanced practice registered nurse or due to an agent's failure to execute an authorization to release medical information; or

(B) Within the meaning set forth in subparagraph (B) of subdivision (5) of section 1-350a , by a judge;

(5) An action is filed for the dissolution or annulment of the agent's marriage to the principal or their legal separation, unless the power of attorney otherwise provides; or

(6) The power of attorney terminates.

(c) Unless the power of attorney otherwise provides, an agent's authority is exercisable until the authority terminates under subsection (b) of this section, notwithstanding a lapse of time since the execution of the power of attorney.

(d) Termination of an agent's authority or of a power of attorney is not effective as to the agent or another person that, without actual knowledge of the termination, acts in good faith under the power of attorney. An act so performed, unless otherwise invalid or unenforceable, binds the principal and the principal's successors in interest.

(e) Incapacity of the principal of a power of attorney that is not durable does not revoke or terminate the power of attorney as to an agent or other person that, without actual knowledge of the incapacity, acts in good faith under the power of attorney. An act so performed, unless otherwise invalid or unenforceable, binds the principal and the principal's successors in interest.

(f) The execution of a power of attorney does not revoke a power of attorney previously executed by the principal unless the subsequent power of attorney provides that the previous power of attorney is revoked or that all other powers of attorney are revoked.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-210 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 14 / Section 1-210
Sec. 1-210. (Formerly Sec. 1-19). Access to public records. Exempt records.
Status: in_force

(b) Nothing in the Freedom of Information Act shall be construed to require disclosure of:

(1) Preliminary drafts or notes provided the public agency has determined that the public interest in withholding such documents clearly outweighs the public interest in disclosure;

(2) Personnel or medical files and similar files the disclosure of which would constitute an invasion of personal privacy;

(3) Records of law enforcement agencies not otherwise available to the public which records were compiled in connection with the detection or investigation of crime, if the disclosure of such records would not be in the public interest because it would result in the disclosure of (A) the identity of informants or mandated reporters, as described in subsection (b) of section 17a-101 , not otherwise known or the identity of witnesses not otherwise known whose safety would be endangered or who would be subject to threat or intimidation if their identity was made known, (B) the identity of minor witnesses, (C) signed or sworn statements of witnesses, (D) information to be used in a prospective law enforcement action if prejudicial to such action, (E) investigatory techniques not otherwise known to the general public, (F) arrest records of a juvenile, which shall also include any investigatory files, concerning the arrest of such juvenile, compiled for law enforcement purposes, (G) the name and address of the victim of a sexual assault under section 53a-70 , 53a-70a , 53a-71 , 53a-72a , 53a-72b or 53a-73a , voyeurism under section 53a-189a , injury or risk of injury, or impairing of morals under section 53-21 or family violence, as defined in section 46b-38a , or of an attempt thereof, or (H) uncorroborated allegations subject to destruction pursuant to section 1-216 ;

(4) Records pertaining to strategy and negotiations with respect to pending claims or pending litigation to which the public agency is a party until such litigation or claim has been finally adjudicated or otherwise settled;

(5) (A) Trade secrets, which for purposes of the Freedom of Information Act, are defined as information, including formulas, patterns, compilations, programs, devices, methods, techniques, processes, drawings, cost data, customer lists, film or television scripts or detailed production budgets that (i) derive independent economic value, actual or potential, from not being generally known to, and not being readily ascertainable by proper means by, other persons who can obtain economic value from their disclosure or use, and (ii) are the subject of efforts that are reasonable under the circumstances to maintain secrecy; and

(B) Commercial or financial information given in confidence, not required by statute;

(6) Test questions, scoring keys and other examination data used to administer a licensing examination, examination for employment or academic examinations;

(7) The contents of real estate appraisals, engineering or feasibility estimates and evaluations made for or by an agency relative to the acquisition of property or to prospective public supply and construction contracts, until such time as all of the property has been acquired or all proceedings or transactions have been terminated or abandoned, provided the law of eminent domain shall not be affected by this provision;

(8) Statements of personal worth or personal financial data required by a licensing agency and filed by an applicant with such licensing agency to establish the applicant's personal qualification for the license, certificate or permit applied for;

(9) Records, reports and statements of strategy or negotiations with respect to collective bargaining;

(10) Records, tax returns, reports and statements exempted by federal law or the general statutes or communications privileged by the attorney-client relationship, marital relationship, clergy-penitent relationship, doctor-patient relationship, therapist-patient relationship or any other privilege established by the common law or the general statutes, including any such records, tax returns, reports or communications that were created or made prior to the establishment of the applicable privilege under the common law or the general statutes;

(11) Names or addresses of students enrolled in any public school or college without the consent of each student whose name or address is to be disclosed who is eighteen years of age or older and a parent or guardian of each such student who is younger than eighteen years of age, provided this subdivision shall not be construed as prohibiting the disclosure of the names or addresses of students enrolled in any public school in a regional school district to the board of selectmen or town board of finance, as the case may be, of the town wherein the student resides for the purpose of verifying tuition payments made to such school;

(12) Any information obtained by the use of illegal means;

(13) Records of an investigation, including any complaint or the name of a person providing information under the provisions of section 4-61dd or sections 4-276 to 4-280 , inclusive;

(14) Adoption records and information provided for in sections 45a-746 , 45a-750 and 45a-751 ;

(15) Any page of a primary petition, nominating petition, referendum petition or petition for a town meeting submitted under any provision of the general statutes or of any special act, municipal charter or ordinance, until the required processing and certification of such page has been completed by the official or officials charged with such duty after which time disclosure of such page shall be required;

(16) Records of complaints, including information compiled in the investigation thereof, brought to a municipal health authority pursuant to chapter 368e or a district department of health pursuant to chapter 368f, until such time as the investigation is concluded or thirty days from the date of receipt of the complaint, whichever occurs first;

(17) Educational records which are not subject to disclosure under the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act, 20 USC 1232g;

(18) Records, the disclosure of which the Commissioner of Correction, or as it applies to Whiting Forensic Hospital, the Commissioner of Mental Health and Addiction Services, has reasonable grounds to believe may result in a safety risk, including the risk of harm to any person or the risk of an escape from, or a disorder in, a correctional institution or facility under the supervision of the Department of Correction or Whiting Forensic Hospital. Such records shall include, but are not limited to:

(A) Security manuals, including emergency plans contained or referred to in such security manuals;

(B) Engineering and architectural drawings of correctional institutions or facilities or Whiting Forensic Hospital facilities;

(C) Operational specifications of security systems utilized by the Department of Correction at any correctional institution or facility or Whiting Forensic Hospital facilities, except that a general description of any such security system and the cost and quality of such system may be disclosed;

(D) Training manuals prepared for correctional institutions and facilities or Whiting Forensic Hospital facilities that describe, in any manner, security procedures, emergency plans or security equipment;

(E) Internal security audits of correctional institutions and facilities or Whiting Forensic Hospital facilities;

(F) Minutes or recordings of staff meetings of the Department of Correction or Whiting Forensic Hospital facilities, or portions of such minutes or recordings, that contain or reveal information relating to security or other records otherwise exempt from disclosure under this subdivision;

(G) Logs or other documents that contain information on the movement or assignment of inmates or staff at correctional institutions or facilities; and

(H) Records that contain information on contacts between inmates, as defined in section 18-84 , and law enforcement officers;

(19) Records when there are reasonable grounds to believe disclosure may result in a safety risk, including the risk of harm to any person, any government-owned or leased institution or facility or any fixture or appurtenance and equipment attached to, or contained in, such institution or facility, except that such records shall be disclosed to a law enforcement agency upon the request of the law enforcement agency. Such reasonable grounds shall be determined (A) (i) by the Commissioner of Administrative Services, after consultation with the chief executive officer of an executive branch state agency, with respect to records concerning such agency; and (ii) by the Commissioner of Emergency Services and Public Protection, after consultation with the chief executive officer of a municipal, district or regional agency, with respect to records concerning such agency; (B) by the Chief Court Administrator with respect to records concerning the Judicial Department; and (C) by the executive director of the Joint Committee on Legislative Management, with respect to records concerning the Legislative Department. As used in this section, “government-owned or leased institution or facility” includes, but is not limited to, an institution or facility owned or leased by a public service company, as defined in section 16-1 , other than a water company, as defined in section 25-32a , a certified telecommunications provider, as defined in section 16-1 , or a municipal utility that furnishes electric or gas service, but does not include an institution or facility owned or leased by the federal government, and “chief executive officer” includes, but is not limited to, an agency head, department head, executive director or chief executive officer. Such records include, but are not limited to:

(i) Security manuals or reports;

(ii) Engineering and architectural drawings of government-owned or leased institutions or facilities;

(iii) Operational specifications of security systems utilized at any government-owned or leased institution or facility, except that a general description of any such security system and the cost and quality of such system may be disclosed;

(iv) Training manuals prepared for government-owned or leased institutions or facilities that describe, in any manner, security procedures, emergency plans or security equipment;

(v) Internal security audits of government-owned or leased institutions or facilities;

(vi) Minutes or records of meetings, or portions of such minutes or records, that contain or reveal information relating to security or other records otherwise exempt from disclosure under this subdivision;

(vii) Logs or other documents that contain information on the movement or assignment of security personnel; and

(viii) Emergency plans and emergency preparedness, response, recovery and mitigation plans, including plans provided by a person to a state agency or a local emergency management agency or official;

(20) Records of standards, procedures, processes, software and codes, not otherwise available to the public, the disclosure of which would compromise the security or integrity of an information technology system;

(21) The residential, work or school address of any participant in the address confidentiality program established pursuant to sections 54-240 to 54-240o , inclusive;

(22) The electronic mail address of any person that is obtained by the Department of Transportation in connection with the implementation or administration of any plan to inform individuals about significant highway or railway incidents;

(23) The name or address of any minor enrolled in any parks and recreation program administered or sponsored by any public agency;

(24) Responses to any request for proposals or bid solicitation issued by a public agency, responses by a public agency to any request for proposals or bid solicitation issued by a private entity or any record or file made by a public agency in connection with the contract award process, until such contract is executed or negotiations for the award of such contract have ended, whichever occurs earlier, provided the chief executive officer of such public agency certifies that the public interest in the disclosure of such responses, record or file is outweighed by the public interest in the confidentiality of such responses, record or file;

(25) The name, address, telephone number or electronic mail address of any person enrolled in any senior center program or any member of a senior center administered or sponsored by any public agency;

(26) All records obtained during the course of inspection, investigation, examination and audit activities of an institution, as defined in section 19a-490 , that are confidential pursuant to a contract between the Department of Public Health and the United States Department of Health and Human Services relating to the Medicare and Medicaid programs;

(27) Any record created by a law enforcement agency or other federal, state, or municipal governmental agency consisting of a photograph, film, video or digital or other visual image depicting (A) (i) a victim of domestic or sexual abuse, (ii) a victim of homicide or suicide, or (iii) a deceased victim of an accident, if disclosure could reasonably be expected to constitute an unwarranted invasion of the personal privacy of the victim or the victim's surviving family members, or (B) a minor, unless disclosure is required in accordance with the provisions of subdivision (2) of subsection (g) of section 29-6d ;

(28) Any records maintained or kept on file by an executive branch agency or public institution of higher education, including documentation prepared or obtained prior to May 25, 2016, relating to claims of or testing for faulty or failing concrete foundations in residential buildings and documents or materials prepared by an executive branch agency or public institution of higher education relating to such records.

(c) Whenever a public agency receives a request from any person confined in a correctional institution or facility or a Whiting Forensic Hospital facility, for disclosure of any public record under the Freedom of Information Act, the public agency shall promptly notify the Commissioner of Correction or the Commissioner of Mental Health and Addiction Services in the case of a person confined in a Whiting Forensic Hospital facility of such request, in the manner prescribed by the commissioner, before complying with the request as required by the Freedom of Information Act. If the commissioner believes the requested record is exempt from disclosure pursuant to subdivision (18) of subsection (b) of this section, the commissioner may withhold such record from such person when the record is delivered to the person's correctional institution or facility or Whiting Forensic Hospital facility.

(d) Whenever a public agency, except the Judicial Department or Legislative Department, receives a request from any person for disclosure of any records described in subdivision (19) of subsection (b) of this section under the Freedom of Information Act, the public agency shall promptly notify the Commissioner of Administrative Services or the Commissioner of Emergency Services and Public Protection, as applicable, of such request, in the manner prescribed by such commissioner, before complying with the request as required by the Freedom of Information Act. If the commissioner, after consultation with the chief executive officer of the applicable agency, believes the requested record is exempt from disclosure pursuant to subdivision (19) of subsection (b) of this section, the commissioner may direct the agency to withhold such record from such person. In any appeal brought under the provisions of section 1-206 of the Freedom of Information Act for denial of access to records for any of the reasons described in subdivision (19) of subsection (b) of this section, such appeal shall be against the chief executive officer of the executive branch state agency or the municipal, district or regional agency that issued the directive to withhold such record pursuant to subdivision (19) of subsection (b) of this section, exclusively, or, in the case of records concerning Judicial Department facilities, the Chief Court Administrator or, in the case of records concerning the Legislative Department, the executive director of the Joint Committee on Legislative Management.

(e) Notwithstanding the provisions of subdivisions (1) and (16) of subsection (b) of this section, disclosure shall be required of:

(1) Interagency or intra-agency memoranda or letters, advisory opinions, recommendations or any report comprising part of the process by which governmental decisions and policies are formulated, except disclosure shall not be required of a preliminary draft of a memorandum, prepared by a member of the staff of a public agency, which is subject to revision prior to submission to or discussion among the members of such agency;

(2) All records of investigation conducted with respect to any tenement house, lodging house or boarding house as defined in section 19a-355 , or any nursing home, residential care home or rest home, as defined in section 19a-490 , by any municipal building department or housing code inspection department, any local or district health department, or any other department charged with the enforcement of ordinances or laws regulating the erection, construction, alteration, maintenance, sanitation, ventilation or occupancy of such buildings; and

(3) The names of firms obtaining bid documents from any state agency.

Annotations to former section 1-19:

Cited. 174 C. 308; 176 C. 622. Statute provides for exceptions under federal and state statutes. 178 C. 700. Cited. 181 C. 324. Sales tax delinquent lists are public records not exempt from disclosure under statute. 184 C. 102. Cited. 190 C. 235; 192 C. 166; Id., 310; 201 C. 421. Autopsy reports are not records accessible to general public under section; judgment of Appellate Court reversed. Id., 448. Cited. 204 C. 609; 205 C. 767; 206 C. 449; 207 C. 698; 208 C. 442; 209 C. 204; 210 C. 590 (see 217 C. 193 which overruled 210 C. 590 to the extent that it required a balancing test for the interpretation of the exemptions contained in Sec. 1-19(b)(2)); Id., 646; 212 C. 100; 213 C. 126; Id., 216; 214 C. 312; 216 C. 253; 217 C. 153; Id., 193; Id., 322; 218 C. 256; Id., 757; 220 C. 225; 221 C. 217; Id., 300; Id., 393; Id., 482; Id., 549; 222 C. 621; 227 C. 641; Id., 751; 228 C. 158; Id., 271; 233 C. 28; 240 C. 1.

Cited. 1 CA 384; 4 CA 468; 8 CA 216; 14 CA 380; judgment reversed, see 210 C. 646; 16 CA 49; 18 CA 212; 19 CA 539; Id., 352; 20 CA 671; 22 CA 316; 29 CA 821; 31 CA 178; 35 CA 111; 36 CA 155; 37 CA 589; 42 CA 402; 43 CA 133. Statute requires evidentiary showing that the records sought are to be used in a law enforcement action and that disclosing such records would be prejudicial to the law enforcement action. 51 CA 100. Order that documents be disclosed under section was proper. 54 CA 373. A record request that is simply burdensome does not make that request one requiring research; review of records to determine if one is exempt from disclosure does not constitute research. 56 CA 683.

Cited. 31 CS 392. Construed as permitting public access to raw real estate assessment data. 32 CS 583. Document need not be connected with an official or completed transaction to be a public record. Id., 588. Cited. 38 CS 675; 39 CS 176; 41 CS 31; Id., 267; 42 CS 84; Id., 129; Id., 291; 43 CS 246.

Presumed legislature, by insertion of exception clause, intended to exclude from operation of statute exclusive power over admission to bar vested in Superior Court by Sec. 51-80. 4 Conn. Cir. Ct. 313. State's right to inspect records relating to building permits cannot be defeated by city ordinance; section construed broadly in conjunction with statutes creating state boards of registration for professional engineers and architects. Id., 511. When medical files are a public record. 6 Conn. Cir. Ct. 633.

Subsec. (a):

Woodstock Academy deemed a “public agency” within meaning of statute. 181 C. 544. Cited. 201 C. 448. Disclosure requirements do not apply to information that may be released under Sec. 29-170. 204 C. 609. Cited. 205 C. 767; 207 C. 698; 211 C. 339; 213 C. 126. Secs. 5-225 and 5-237 provide exceptions to section. 214 C. 312. Cited. 219 C. 685; 221 C. 300; Id., 393; 222 C. 98; 228 C. 158; 241 C. 310.

Cited. 4 CA 468. General disclosure requirement of Sec. 1-19(a) does not prevail over specific limitation of disclosure obligations under Sec. 1-83. 18 CA 212. Cited. Id., 291; 22 CA 316; 29 CA 821; 35 CA 384; 39 CA 154; 41 CA 67; 44 CA 611; Id., 622; 45 CA 413.

Cited. 42 CS 291.

Subsec. (b):

Subdiv. (1): Term “preliminary drafts or notes” relates to advisory opinions, recommendations and deliberations comprising part of process by which government decisions and policies are formulated; they reflect that aspect of the agency's function that precedes formal and informal decision making. 181 C. 324. Cited. 182 C. 142; 186 C. 153; 197 C. 698; 198 C. 498; 201 C. 448; 204 C. 609. Subdiv. (4): Commission's order of disclosure proper after city failed to establish on record that information falls within exemption. 205 C. 767. Cited. 210 C. 590 (see 217 C. 193 which overruled 210 C. 590 to the extent that it required a balancing test for the interpretation of the exemptions contained in Subdiv. (2)); 211 C. 339; 214 C. 312; 216 C. 253; 217 C. 153; Id., 193. Subdiv. (2): Ruling in 210 C. 590 overruled to the extent that it required a balancing test for the interpretation of the exemptions contained in Subdiv. 217 C. 193. Subdiv. (11): Permits withholding of names of employees whose student status is a condition of their employment. Id., 322. Subdiv. (2): Section purports to protect an individual's personal privacy; retirees should be afforded opportunity to show a reasonable expectation of privacy in their addresses. 218 C. 256. Subdiv. (2) does not prevent disclosure of substance of public agency vote on motion concerning personnel matter. 221 C. 217. Cited. Id., 300; Id., 393; Id., 482; Id., 549. Subdiv. (2): Municipal permits to carry pistols or revolvers in public are not “similar” files entitled to exemption from disclosure under section. 222 C. 621. Cited. 224 C. 325; 226 C. 618; 227 C. 641; Id., 751. Subdiv. (2): Records request under FOIA for disclosure of numerical data concerning employees' attendance records including sick leave does not constitute invasion of personal privacy within meaning of statute. 228 C. 158. Cited. Id., 271; 233 C. 28; Id., 37; 234 C. 704. Subdiv. (4): Section applicable to bar disclosure of the report in question; judgment of Appellate Court in 42 CA 39 reversed. 241 C. 310. Cited. 242 C. 79. Under Subdiv. (1), unfinished report by attorney hired by municipality, as well as interview summaries and affidavits created solely to serve as supporting documentation for that report, constituted “preliminary drafts or notes”; under Subdiv. (10), documents prepared by attorney hired by a public agency are protected from disclosure as privileged attorney-client communications if certain conditions are met. 245 C. 149.

Cited. 4 CA 216. Subdiv. (3): Autopsy report was not exempt from disclosure under statute. Id., 468. Cited. 14 CA 380; judgment reversed, see 210 C. 646; 19 CA 489. Subdiv. (2): Shield of confidentiality protects records of prisoner applicants for pardons. Id., 539. Cited. Id., 671; 23 CA 479; 35 CA 384; 39 CA 154; 41 CA 67; Id., 649; 42 CA 39; judgment reversed, see 241 C. 310; 43 CA 133; 44 CA 611. Subdiv. (3): Legislature has determined that disclosure would not be in the public interest and that no balancing is required; legislature has not required a balancing test prior to determination that a document is exempt from disclosure. Id., 622. Disclosure of the names of employees disciplined by Department of Children and Families in connection with death of infant who was the subject of department investigation does not constitute an invasion of their personal privacy. 48 CA 467. Freedom of Information Act and rules of discovery provide independent methods of obtaining information except when it would limit discovery rights; legislative change from “effect” to “limit” discussed. 52 CA 12.

Cited. 39 CS 176. Subdiv. (6): Test questions and examination data already administered as well as those not yet administered are included in the exemption from disclosure; the exemption is characterized as “absolute”. Id., 257. Cited. 42 CS 84; Id., 129; Id., 291.

Subsec. (c):

Cited. 211 C. 339. Subdiv. (1): Legislature did not intend to require disclosure of drafts of memoranda prepared by persons who, although not staff members of the public agency, are hired on a contractual basis to perform tasks that are indistinguishable from those which may be performed by agency personnel. 245 C. 149.

Cited. 44 CA 611.

Annotations to present section:

Federal Copyright Act is federal law exempt from state Freedom of Information Act to the extent state and federal laws impose conflicting legal obligations; commission must allow opportunity for public safety assessment of release of non-exempt data under Subsec. (b)(19) when ordering segregation from exempt data. 307 C. 648.

Order that documents be disclosed under section was proper. 54 CA 373.

Subsec. (a):

Questions of discovery under Federal Rules of Civil Procedure are not what is meant by the phrase “otherwise provided by any federal law”. 252 C. 377. A public record may be precluded from disclosure if such preclusion is provided for by another statute. 298 C. 703. Document that Department of Correction obtained from the National Crime Information Center re person detained at correctional center was not subject to disclosure under Subsec. because its disclosure was barred by federal law; interpretation of federal regulation by promulgating federal agency, and not interpretation of Subsec. by state Freedom of Information Commission, is entitled to deference by the court. 307 C. 53. Any exemption from disclosure under “otherwise provided” language must be based on express terms in state or federal law that either provide for confidentiality of documents or otherwise limit disclosure, copying, or distribution of documents at issue; search and seizure statutes, Secs. 54-33a to 54-36p, do not meet requirements of Subsec. 330 C. 372.

PowerPoint materials prepared by instructors in master gardener program at University of Connecticut not prepared, owned, used, received or retained by university not held to be records maintained or kept on file by public agency. 90 CA 101. Because Sec. 17a-101k mandates confidentiality of information regarding child abuse, records of child abuse, wherever located, are exempted from the general rule of disclosure. 104 CA 150. One public agency may not be held responsible for disclosing the public records in the custody of another public agency. 116 CA 171. Individual seeking copy of public record must make request in writing in accordance with Subsec. 130 CA 448. Records defined in Sec. 17a-28 concerning child protection activities fall within express exemption of Subsec. and are exempt from disclosure; Freedom of Information Commission lacks jurisdiction to determine rights of access under Sec. 17a-28. 136 CA 76. Limitations placed on disclosure of National Crime Information Center rap sheet data by federal law are mirrored in Sec. 29-164f, and the National Crime Information Center printout in this case fell under the exemption in Subsec. 144 CA 821.

Subsec. (b):

Irrespective of the facts, complainant's identity and related information in a sexual harassment complaint is not always exempt from disclosure. 255 C. 651. Home addresses of public employees held not subject to disclosure where no public interest was served by exposing such information and the employees had taken significant steps to keep such information private. 256 C. 764. Communications are privileged by the attorney-client relationship where the attorney is acting in a professional capacity for the agency, the communications are made to the attorney by current employees or officials of the agency, the communications relate to the legal advice sought by the agency from the attorney, and the communications are made in confidence. 300 C. 511.

Any and all public records consisting of preliminary drafts eligible for nondisclosure under Subsec. regardless of where originated; consideration of abandonment of project on nondisclosure of preliminary drafts. 73 CA 89. Disclosure of PowerPoint materials prepared by instructors in master gardener program at University of Connecticut that are not exempted under Subsec. is not required because exemption applies only to public records, and materials determined initially not to be public records. 90 CA 101.

Subdiv. (1):

There is no requirement that public agency provide its rationale for withholding disclosure of applicable records at a specific time. 91 CA 521.

Subdiv. (2):

Freedom of Information Act does not provide private right of action for FOIA violations. 267 C. 669.

An inquiry under the fourth and fourteenth amendments to U.S. Constitution as to the reasonableness of governmental access to private information is not applicable when evaluating a claim for exemption from disclosure under Subdiv.; records concerning egregious off duty communications of a police officer and documentation from internal affairs investigation implicated his job as a public official, pertained to legitimate matters of public concern and were not exempt from disclosure under Subdiv. 136 CA 496.

Subdiv. (3):

Exception to disclosure under Subpara. (D) for “information to be used in a prospective law enforcement action if prejudicial to such action” applies only when law enforcement agency is first able to make the threshold showing that an arrest or prosecution is at least reasonably possible, and then able to establish for any requested document that it is at least reasonably possible that the information contained in such document will be used in support of such arrest or prosecution. 348 C. 565.

Subdiv. (5):

“Trade secret” definition focuses exclusively on nature and accessibility of the information, not on status or characteristics of entity creating and maintaining the information; public agency need not engage in a “trade” to avail itself of trade secret exemption if information in question would constitute a trade secret if created by a private entity. 303 C. 724.

Subdiv. (10):

Does not violate separation of powers clause because it preserves powers of the judicial branch and does not delegate to Freedom of Information Commission the power to define attorney-client privilege. 260 C. 143. Medical and dental records created by an inpatient mental health facility during the treatment of a patient are exempt from disclosure under Sec. 52-146e as records protected by the psychiatrist-patient privilege. 318 C. 769. In determining whether a communication in which an attorney gives business or other nonlegal professional advice is exempt from disclosure under subdivision (10) as privileged by the attorney-client relationship, it must be determined whether the primary purpose of the communication was seeking or providing legal advice and whether incidentally privileged matters could be redacted to allow for disclosure of nonprivileged matters. 323 C. 1.

Introduction of extrinsic evidence does not supersede an analysis of elements in 245 C. 149 for purposes of determining privilege, but court may review extrinsic evidence in camera and use it as evidence to determine privilege. 116 CA 171. A record does not become a privileged document simply because it is provided to a town attorney if there is no evidence that the record was created for the purpose of seeking legal counsel and if the legal counsel is sought for the town and not the person who created the record. 224 CA 155.

Subdiv. (19):

Party claiming exemption pursuant to Subdiv. (19) has burden of seeking public safety determination from Commissioner of Public Works. 274 C. 179. The safety risk assessment must be performed by the department in the first instance, after consulting with the head of the relevant state agency, and both the commission and the trial court should defer to the department's assessment unless the party seeking disclosure establishes that the determination was frivolous, patently unfounded or in bad faith. 321 C. 805.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-94 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 10 / Section 1-94
Sec. 1-94. Lobbyist registration with the Office of State Ethics.
Status: in_force

(1) Receives or agrees to receive compensation or reimbursement for actual expenses, or both, in a combined amount of three thousand dollars or more in a calendar year for lobbying, whether that receipt of compensation or reimbursement or agreement to receive such compensation or reimbursement is solely for lobbying or the lobbying is incidental to that person's regular employment; or

(2) Makes or incurs an obligation to make expenditures of three thousand dollars or more in a calendar year for lobbying.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-1f — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 1 / Section 1-1f
Sec. 1-1f. “Blind”, “physically disabled”, defined.
Status: in_force

(a) An individual is blind if his central visual acuity does not exceed 20/200 in the better eye with correcting lenses, or if his visual acuity is greater than 20/200 but is accompanied by a limitation in the fields of vision such that the widest diameter of the visual field subtends an angle no greater than twenty degrees;

(b) An individual is physically disabled if he has any chronic physical handicap, infirmity or impairment, whether congenital or resulting from bodily injury, organic processes or changes or from illness, including, but not limited to, epilepsy, deafness or hearing impairment or reliance on a wheelchair or other remedial appliance or device.

Subsec. (b): The term “physical disability” has a readily ascertainable meaning as it refers to any recurring bodily condition that detrimentally affects one's ability to carry out life's activities, regardless of whether it is congenital, the result of bodily injury, organic processes, or the result of illness. 190 CA 353; judgment reversed, see 340 C. 463.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-37 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 6 / Section 1-37
Sec. 1-37. Acknowledgment in compliance with law of other jurisdiction. Exception.
Status: in_force

(b) The provisions of this section shall not apply to any acknowledgment made by a remotely located individual, as defined in section 3-95b , in the conduct of a real estate closing, as defined in section 51-88a .
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-83 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 10 / Section 1-83
Sec. 1-83. Statements of financial interests. Filing requirements. Ethics statements. Confidentiality. Waiver.
Status: in_force

(2) Each state agency, department, board and commission shall develop and implement, in cooperation with the Office of State Ethics, an ethics statement as it relates to the mission of the agency, department, board or commission. The executive head of each such agency, department, board or commission shall be directly responsible for the development and enforcement of such ethics statement and shall file a copy of such ethics statement with the Office of State Ethics.

(b) (1) The statement of financial interests, except as provided in subdivision (2) of this subsection, shall include the following information for the preceding calendar year in regard to the individual required to file the statement and the individual's spouse and dependent children residing in the individual's household: (A) The names of all businesses with which associated; (B) all sources of income, including the name of each employer, with a description of the type of income received, in excess of one thousand dollars, without specifying amounts of income; (C) the name of securities in excess of five thousand dollars at fair market value owned by such individual, spouse or dependent children or held in the name of a corporation, partnership or trust for the benefit of such individual, spouse or dependent children; (D) the existence of any known blind trust and the names of the trustees; (E) all real property and its location, whether owned by such individual, spouse or dependent children or held in the name of a corporation, partnership or trust for the benefit of such individual, spouse or dependent children; (F) the names and addresses of creditors to whom the individual, the individual's spouse or dependent children, individually, owed debts of more than ten thousand dollars; (G) any leases or contracts with the state or a quasi-public agency held or entered into by the individual or a business with which he or she was associated; and (H) the name of any of the following that is a partner or owner of, or has a similar business affiliation with, the business included under subparagraph (A) of this subdivision: (i) Any lobbyist, (ii) any person the individual filing the statement knows or has reason to know is doing business with or seeking to do business with the state or is engaged in activities that are directly regulated by the department or agency in which the individual is employed, or (iii) any business with which such lobbyist or person is associated.

(2) In the case of securities in excess of five thousand dollars at fair market value held within (A) a retirement savings plan, as described in Section 401 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or any subsequent corresponding internal revenue code of the United States, as amended from time to time, (B) a payroll deduction individual retirement account plan, as described in Section 408 or 408A of said Internal Revenue Code, (C) a governmental deferred compensation plan, as described in Section 457 of said Internal Revenue Code, or (D) an education savings plan, as described in Section 529 of said Internal Revenue Code, the names of such securities shall not be required to be disclosed in any statement of financial interests and only the name of such retirement savings plan, individual retirement account plan, deferred compensation plan or education savings plan holding such securities shall be required.

(c) The statement of financial interests filed pursuant to this section shall be a matter of public information, except (1) the names of any dependent children residing in the household of the individual filing such statement shall not be subject to disclosure under the Freedom of Information Act, as defined in section 1-200 , and (2) the list of names, filed in accordance with subparagraph (F) of subdivision (1) of subsection (b) of this section shall be sealed and confidential and for the use of the Office of State Ethics only after a complaint has been filed under section 1-82 and such complaint has been determined by a vote of the board to be of sufficient merit and gravity to justify the unsealing of such list or lists and not open to public inspection unless the respondent requests otherwise. If the board reports its findings to the Chief State's Attorney in accordance with subsection (c) of section 1-88 , the board shall turn over to the Chief State's Attorney such relevant information contained in the statement as may be germane to the specific violation or violations or a prosecutorial official may subpoena such statement in a criminal action. Unless otherwise a matter of public record, the Office of State Ethics shall not disclose to the public any such subpoena which would be exempt from disclosure by the issuing agency.

(d) Any individual who is unable to provide information required under the provisions of subdivision (1) of subsection (b) of this section by reason of impossibility may petition the board for a waiver of the requirements.

Disclosure obligations under statute not subject to disclosure requirement of Sec. 1-19(a). 18 CA 212.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-351n — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 15c / Section 1-351n
Sec. 1-351n. General authority with respect to retirement plans.
Status: in_force

(1) An individual retirement account under 26 USC 408, as amended from time to time;

(2) A Roth individual retirement account under 26 USC 408A, as amended from time to time;

(3) A deemed individual retirement account under 26 USC 408(q), as amended from time to time;

(4) An annuity or mutual fund custodial account under 26 USC 403(b), as amended from time to time;

(5) A pension, profit sharing, stock bonus or other retirement plan qualified under 26 USC 401(a), as amended from time to time;

(6) A plan under 26 USC 457(b), as amended from time to time; and

(7) A nonqualified deferred compensation plan under 26 USC 409A, as amended from time to time.

(b) Unless the power of attorney otherwise provides, language in a power of attorney granting general authority with respect to retirement plans authorizes the agent to:

(1) Select the form and timing of payments under a retirement plan and withdraw benefits from a plan;

(2) Make a rollover, including a direct trustee to trustee rollover, of benefits from one retirement plan to another;

(3) Establish a retirement plan in the principal's name;

(4) Make contributions to a retirement plan;

(5) Exercise investment powers available under a retirement plan; and

(6) Borrow from, sell assets to or purchase assets from a retirement plan.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-331 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 15b / Section 1-331
Sec. 1-331. Definitions.
Status: in_force

(1) “Electronic” means relating to technology having electrical, digital, magnetic, wireless, optical, electromagnetic or similar capabilities;

(2) “Legal material” means, whether or not in effect:

(A) The Constitution of the state of Connecticut;

(B) The general statutes of the state of Connecticut;

(C) The regulations of Connecticut state agencies; and

(D) The reported decisions of the following state courts: The Supreme Court, the Appellate Court and the Superior Court;

(3) “Official publisher” means:

(A) For the Constitution of the state of Connecticut, the Secretary of the State;

(B) For the general statutes of the state of Connecticut, the Joint Committee on Legislative Management;

(C) For the regulations of Connecticut state agencies, the Secretary of the State; and

(D) For the reported decisions of the Supreme Court, the Appellate Court and the Superior Court, the Commission on Official Legal Publications;

(4) “Official record” means the version of legal material designated by an official publisher as the official version of such material;

(5) “Publish” means to display, present or release to the public, or cause to be displayed, presented or released to the public by the official publisher;

(6) “Record” means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form; and

(7) “State” means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, or any territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-268 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 15 / Section 1-268
Sec. 1-268. Scope.
Status: in_force

(b) Sections 1-266 to 1-286 , inclusive, do not apply to a transaction to the extent it is governed by:

(1) A law governing the creation and execution of wills, codicils or testamentary trusts; or

(2) Except to the extent provided in section 1-281 , the Uniform Commercial Code, other than section 42a-1-306 and articles 2 and 2A of title 42a.

(c) (1) Sections 1-266 to 1-286 , inclusive, apply to a transaction governed by the Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act, 15 USC 7001 et seq., but are not intended to limit, modify or supersede the provisions of 15 USC 7001(c); and

(2) Unless a notice is subject to the Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act, 15 USC 7003, sections 1-266 to 1-286 , inclusive, do not apply to a notice to the extent that it is governed by a law requiring the furnishing of:

(A) Notice of the cancellation or termination of utility services, including water, heat, gas, cable television or other services, oil, telephone and electric power;

(B) Notice of default, acceleration, repossession, foreclosure or eviction, or the right to cure, under a credit agreement secured by, or a rental agreement for, a primary residence of an individual;

(C) Notice of the cancellation or termination of health insurance or benefits or life insurance benefits, excluding annuities;

(D) Notice of the recall of a product, or the material failure of a product, that risks endangering health or safety; or

(E) Any document required to accompany any transportation or handling of hazardous materials, pesticides or other toxic or dangerous materials.

(d) Sections 1-266 to 1-286 , inclusive, do not apply to any of the rules of court practice and procedure under the Connecticut Practice Book.

(e) Sections 1-266 to 1-286 , inclusive, apply to an electronic record or electronic signature otherwise excluded from the application of sections 1-266 to 1-286 , inclusive, under subsection (b), (c) or (d) of this section to the extent that the electronic record or electronic signature is governed by a law other than those specified in subsection (b), (c) or (d) of this section.

(f) A transaction subject to sections 1-266 to 1-286 , inclusive, is also subject to other applicable substantive law.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-351c — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 15c / Section 1-351c
Sec. 1-351c. General authority with respect to real property.
Status: in_force

(1) Demand, buy, lease, receive, accept as a gift or as security for an extension of credit or otherwise acquire or reject an interest in real property or a right incident to real property;

(2) Sell; exchange; convey with or without covenants, representations, or warranties; quitclaim; release; surrender; retain title for security; encumber; partition; consent to partitioning; subject to an easement or covenant; subdivide; apply for zoning or other governmental permits; plat or consent to platting; develop; grant an option concerning; lease; sublease; contribute to an entity in exchange for an interest in that entity; or otherwise grant or dispose of an interest in real property or a right incident to real property;

(3) Pledge or mortgage an interest in real property or right incident to real property as security to borrow money or pay, renew or extend the time of payment of a debt of the principal or a debt guaranteed by the principal;

(4) Release, assign, satisfy or enforce by litigation or otherwise a mortgage, deed of trust, conditional sale contract, encumbrance, lien or other claim to real property which exists or is asserted;

(5) Manage or conserve an interest in real property or a right incident to real property owned or claimed to be owned by the principal, including:

(A) Insuring against liability or casualty or other loss;

(B) Obtaining or regaining possession of or protecting the interest or right by litigation or otherwise;

(C) Paying, assessing, compromising or contesting taxes or assessments or applying for and receiving refunds in connection with such taxes or assessments; and

(D) Purchasing supplies, hiring assistance or labor and making repairs or alterations to the real property;

(6) Use, develop, alter, replace, remove, erect or install structures or other improvements upon real property in or incident to which the principal has, or claims to have, an interest or right;

(7) Participate in a reorganization with respect to real property or an entity that owns an interest in or right incident to real property and receive, and hold and act with respect to stocks and bonds or other property received in a plan of reorganization, including:

(A) Selling or otherwise disposing of such stocks, bonds or other property;

(B) Exercising or selling an option, right of conversion or similar right with respect to such stocks, bonds or other property; and

(C) Exercising any voting rights in person or by proxy;

(8) Change the form of title of an interest in or right incident to real property; and

(9) Dedicate to public use, with or without consideration, easements or other real property in which the principal has, or claims to have, an interest.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-1 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 1 / Section 1-1
Sec. 1-1. Words and phrases. Construction of statutes.
Status: repealed

(b) The phrase “railroad company” shall be construed to mean and include all corporations, trustees, receivers or other persons, that lay out, construct, maintain or operate a railroad, unless such meaning would be repugnant to the context or to the manifest intention of the General Assembly.

(c) The term “banks” shall include all incorporated banks.

(d) The term “savings banks” shall include savings banks, societies for savings and savings societies.

(e) The term “public buildings” shall include a statehouse, courthouse, townhouse, arsenal, magazine, prison, community correctional center, almshouse, market or other building belonging to the state, or to any town, city or borough in the state, and any church, chapel, meetinghouse or other building generally used for religious worship, and any college, academy, schoolhouse or other building generally used for literary instruction.

(f) Words importing the singular number may extend and be applied to several persons or things, and words importing the plural number may include the singular.

(g) Words importing the masculine gender may be applied to females and words importing the feminine gender may be applied to males.

(h) Words purporting to give a joint authority to several persons shall be construed as giving authority to a majority of them.

(i) The word “month” means a calendar month, and the word “year” means a calendar year, unless otherwise expressed.

(j) The word “oath” shall include affirmations in cases where by law an affirmation may be used for an oath, and, in like cases, the word “swear” shall include the word “affirm”.

(k) The words “person” and “another” may extend and be applied to communities, companies, corporations, public or private, limited liability companies, societies and associations.

(l) The words “preceding”, “following” and “succeeding”, when used by way of reference to any section or sections, mean the section or sections next preceding, next following or next succeeding, unless some other section is expressly designated in such reference.

(m) Except as provided in section 7-452 , “legislative body” means: (1) As applied to unconsolidated towns, the town meeting; (2) as applied to cities and consolidated towns and cities, the board of aldermen, council or other body charged with the duty of making annual appropriations; (3) as applied to boroughs and consolidated towns and boroughs, the board of burgesses; and (4) as applied to all other districts and associations, the district committee or association committee or other body charged with the duty of making annual appropriations.

(n) “Ordinance” means an enactment under the provisions of section 7-157 .

(o) “Voters” means those persons qualified to vote under the provisions of section 7-6 .

(p) Repealed by P.A. 76-186.(b) The phrase “railroad company” shall be construed to mean and include all corporations, trustees, receivers or other persons, that lay out, construct, maintain or operate a railroad, unless such meaning would be repugnant to the context or to the manifest intention of the General Assembly.

(c) The term “banks” shall include all incorporated banks.

(d) The term “savings banks” shall include savings banks, societies for savings and savings societies.

(e) The term “public buildings” shall include a statehouse, courthouse, townhouse, arsenal, magazine, prison, community correctional center, almshouse, market or other building belonging to the state, or to any town, city or borough in the state, and any church, chapel, meetinghouse or other building generally used for religious worship, and any college, academy, schoolhouse or other building generally used for literary instruction.

(f) Words importing the singular number may extend and be applied to several persons or things, and words importing the plural number may include the singular.

(g) Words importing the masculine gender may be applied to females and words importing the feminine gender may be applied to males.

(h) Words purporting to give a joint authority to several persons shall be construed as giving authority to a majority of them.

(i) The word “month” means a calendar month, and the word “year” means a calendar year, unless otherwise expressed.

(j) The word “oath” shall include affirmations in cases where by law an affirmation may be used for an oath, and, in like cases, the word “swear” shall include the word “affirm”.

(k) The words “person” and “another” may extend and be applied to communities, companies, corporations, public or private, limited liability companies, societies and associations.

(l) The words “preceding”, “following” and “succeeding”, when used by way of reference to any section or sections, mean the section or sections next preceding, next following or next succeeding, unless some other section is expressly designated in such reference.

(m) Except as provided in section 7-452 , “legislative body” means: (1) As applied to unconsolidated towns, the town meeting; (2) as applied to cities and consolidated towns and cities, the board of aldermen, council or other body charged with the duty of making annual appropriations; (3) as applied to boroughs and consolidated towns and boroughs, the board of burgesses; and (4) as applied to all other districts and associations, the district committee or association committee or other body charged with the duty of making annual appropriations.

(n) “Ordinance” means an enactment under the provisions of section 7-157 .

(o) “Voters” means those persons qualified to vote under the provisions of section 7-6 .

(p) Repealed by P.A. 76-186.

(q) Except as otherwise specifically defined, the words “agriculture” and “farming” include cultivation of the soil, dairying, forestry, raising or harvesting any agricultural or horticultural commodity, including the raising, shearing, feeding, caring for, training and management of livestock, including horses, bees, the production of honey, poultry, fur-bearing animals and wildlife, and the raising or harvesting of oysters, clams, mussels, other molluscan shellfish or fish; the operation, management, conservation, improvement or maintenance of a farm and its buildings, tools and equipment, or salvaging timber or cleared land of brush or other debris left by a storm, as an incident to such farming operations; the production or harvesting of maple syrup or maple sugar, or any agricultural commodity, including lumber, as an incident to ordinary farming operations or the harvesting of mushrooms, the hatching of poultry, or the construction, operation or maintenance of ditches, canals, reservoirs or waterways used exclusively for farming purposes; handling, planting, drying, packing, packaging, processing, freezing, grading, storing or delivering to storage or to market, or to a carrier for transportation to market, or for direct sale any agricultural or horticultural commodity as an incident to ordinary farming operations, or, in the case of fruits and vegetables, as an incident to the preparation of such fruits or vegetables for market or for direct sale. The term “farm” includes farm buildings, and accessory buildings thereto, nurseries, orchards, ranges, greenhouses, hoophouses and other temporary structures or other structures used primarily for the raising and, as an incident to ordinary farming operations, the sale of agricultural or horticultural commodities. The terms “agriculture” and “farming” do not include the cultivation of cannabis, as defined in section 21a-420 . The term “aquaculture” means the farming of the waters of the state and tidal wetlands and the production of protein food, including fish, oysters, clams, mussels and other molluscan shellfish, on leased, franchised and public underwater farm lands. Nothing herein shall restrict the power of a local zoning authority under chapter 124.

(r) Definition of felony and misdemeanor repealed by 1969, P.A. 828, S. 214.

(s) When a statute repealing another is afterwards repealed, the first shall not be revived without express words to that effect.

(t) The repeal of an act shall not affect any punishment, penalty or forfeiture incurred before the repeal takes effect, or any suit, or prosecution, or proceeding pending at the time of the repeal, for an offense committed, or for the recovery of a penalty or forfeiture incurred under the act repealed.

(u) The passage or repeal of an act shall not affect any action then pending.

(v) All provisions of the statutes relating to annual town meetings or elections shall be applicable to biennial meetings or elections unless a contrary intent appears.

(w) “Correctional institution”, “state prison”, “community correctional center” or “jail” means a correctional facility administered by the Commissioner of Correction.

(x) Whenever a title which denotes gender is applied to an individual the title shall suit the gender of the individual.

(y) “Deposit account” includes a share account of a savings and loan association.hs, the board of burgesses; and (4) as applied to all other districts and associations, the district committee or association committee or other body charged with the duty of making annual appropriations.

(n) “Ordinance” means an enactment under the provisions of section 7-157 .

(o) “Voters” means those persons qualified to vote under the provisions of section 7-6 .

(p) Repealed by P.A. 76-186.

(q) Except as otherwise specifically defined, the words “agriculture” and “farming” include cultivation of the soil, dairying, forestry, raising or harvesting any agricultural or horticultural commodity, including the raising, shearing, feeding, caring for, training and management of livestock, including horses, bees, the production of honey, poultry, fur-bearing animals and wildlife, and the raising or harvesting of oysters, clams, mussels, other molluscan shellfish or fish; the operation, management, conservation, improvement or maintenance of a farm and its buildings, tools and equipment, or salvaging timber or cleared land of brush or other debris left by a storm, as an incident to such farming operations; the production or harvesting of maple syrup or maple sugar, or any agricultural commodity, including lumber, as an incident to ordinary farming operations or the harvesting of mushrooms, the hatching of poultry, or the construction, operation or maintenance of ditches, canals, reservoirs or waterways used exclusively for farming purposes; handling, planting, drying, packing, packaging, processing, freezing, grading, storing or delivering to storage or to market, or to a carrier for transportation to market, or for direct sale any agricultural or horticultural commodity as an incident to ordinary farming operations, or, in the case of fruits and vegetables, as an incident to the preparation of such fruits or vegetables for market or for direct sale. The term “farm” includes farm buildings, and accessory buildings thereto, nurseries, orchards, ranges, greenhouses, hoophouses and other temporary structures or other structures used primarily for the raising and, as an incident to ordinary farming operations, the sale of agricultural or horticultural commodities. The terms “agriculture” and “farming” do not include the cultivation of cannabis, as defined in section 21a-420 . The term “aquaculture” means the farming of the waters of the state and tidal wetlands and the production of protein food, including fish, oysters, clams, mussels and other molluscan shellfish, on leased, franchised and public underwater farm lands. Nothing herein shall restrict the power of a local zoning authority under chapter 124.

(r) Definition of felony and misdemeanor repealed by 1969, P.A. 828, S. 214.

(s) When a statute repealing another is afterwards repealed, the first shall not be revived without express words to that effect.

(t) The repeal of an act shall not affect any punishment, penalty or forfeiture incurred before the repeal takes effect, or any suit, or prosecution, or proceeding pending at the time of the repeal, for an offense committed, or for the recovery of a penalty or forfeiture incurred under the act repealed.

(u) The passage or repeal of an act shall not affect any action then pending.

(v) All provisions of the statutes relating to annual town meetings or elections shall be applicable to biennial meetings or elections unless a contrary intent appears.

(w) “Correctional institution”, “state prison”, “community correctional center” or “jail” means a correctional facility administered by the Commissioner of Correction.

(x) Whenever a title which denotes gender is applied to an individual the title shall suit the gender of the individual.

(y) “Deposit account” includes a share account of a savings and loan association.

(z) If a statute refers to another statute of this state, the reference includes any amendments to the referenced statute unless a contrary intent is clearly expressed.

Section does not limit power of the legislature. 81 C. 213. If the intent is clear, there is no room for construction. 75 C. 69; Id., 608; 81 C. 598; 86 C. 425; 89 C. 196; 100 C. 322; 125 C. 210; 155 C. 502; 156 C. 276. A statute must be construed to carry out intent of the legislature and when language is doubtful meaning is ascertained by all its provisions, object of passage, title, preexisting legislation on the subject and other relevant circumstances. 72 C. 148; 89 C. 196; Id., 293; 100 C. 322; 154 C. 162. Meaning of statute enacted in 1672 must be that of legal language then and since Connecticut never adopted the common law such meaning was to be found in orders of the General Court and the word of God, then the law of the land. 72 C. 148. Change in language of a statute shows intent to change the law. 144 C. 241. When two statutes appear to be repugnant, it is duty of court to construe them so that both are operative if that is reasonably possible. 145 C. 53. Interpretation of statute by commissioner who must enforce it is entitled to great weight. Id., 490. Courts must apply statutes as they find them, whether or not they think that statutes might be improved by inclusion of other or additional provisions. 148 C. 33. Construction of statute depends upon its expressed intent when it is taken as a whole. Id., 87. When court may consider legislative history of statute as an aid in interpreting such statute. Id., 341. Legislative intent is not to be found in isolated sentence but enactment must be examined in its entirety and its parts reconciled and made operative so far as possible. Id., 376. Statutes should be construed retrospectively only when mandate of legislature is imperative. Id., 447. Cited. Id., 481. Courts must assume that legislature intended a reasonable and rational result and must, when possible, construe statutes accordingly. Id., 551. Cited. 149 C. 248. A penal statute is to be strictly construed. 101 U.S. 188; 67 C. 286; 79 C. 338; 82 C. 1; Id., 539; 83 C. 300; 84 C. 47; 85 C. 23; Id., 481; 87 C. 253; 112 C. 39; 121 C. 160. However, technicality does not avoid intent. 146 C. 605. What constitutes a penal statute. 74 C. 132; 86 C. 191; 87 C. 253; Id., 461. Statutory remedy of double or treble damages penal in nature. 84 C. 47. Statute in derogation of private rights should be strictly construed. 68 C. 113; 74 C. 321; 75 C. 423; 143 C. 358. Constitutional provisions or statutes in derogation of common law to be treated in same manner. 79 C. 163; 81 C. 632. Franchise in derogation of public rights to be treated in same manner. 71 C. 657; 87 C. 183. Statute enacting settled public policy of charitable tax exemptions to be construed reasonably. 71 C. 316. Cited. 162 C. 102, 406; 165 C. 396; Id., 466; Id., 559; 166 C. 642; 167 C. 499. Commonly approved meaning of “security” taken from dictionaries. 168 C. 112. Cited. 169 C. 502; overruled with respect to holding an uninsured motorist coverage, see 219 C. 371; 170 C. 387; 172 C. 263; Id., 416; overruled with respect to holding an uninsured motorist coverage, see 219 C. 371; 179 C. 269; Id., 415; 183 C. 520; Id., 566; 186 C. 198; Id., 757; 191 C. 336; 192 C. 732; 194 C. 139; Id., 279; 196 C. 53; Id., 91; 201 C. 125; 202 C. 292; Id., 300; Id., 629; 211 C. 116; 213 C. 220; 224 C. 693; 226 C. 191; 228 C. 758; 242 C. 211a contrary intent appears.

(w) “Correctional institution”, “state prison”, “community correctional center” or “jail” means a correctional facility administered by the Commissioner of Correction.

(x) Whenever a title which denotes gender is applied to an individual the title shall suit the gender of the individual.

(y) “Deposit account” includes a share account of a savings and loan association.

(z) If a statute refers to another statute of this state, the reference includes any amendments to the referenced statute unless a contrary intent is clearly expressed.

Section does not limit power of the legislature. 81 C. 213. If the intent is clear, there is no room for construction. 75 C. 69; Id., 608; 81 C. 598; 86 C. 425; 89 C. 196; 100 C. 322; 125 C. 210; 155 C. 502; 156 C. 276. A statute must be construed to carry out intent of the legislature and when language is doubtful meaning is ascertained by all its provisions, object of passage, title, preexisting legislation on the subject and other relevant circumstances. 72 C. 148; 89 C. 196; Id., 293; 100 C. 322; 154 C. 162. Meaning of statute enacted in 1672 must be that of legal language then and since Connecticut never adopted the common law such meaning was to be found in orders of the General Court and the word of God, then the law of the land. 72 C. 148. Change in language of a statute shows intent to change the law. 144 C. 241. When two statutes appear to be repugnant, it is duty of court to construe them so that both are operative if that is reasonably possible. 145 C. 53. Interpretation of statute by commissioner who must enforce it is entitled to great weight. Id., 490. Courts must apply statutes as they find them, whether or not they think that statutes might be improved by inclusion of other or additional provisions. 148 C. 33. Construction of statute depends upon its expressed intent when it is taken as a whole. Id., 87. When court may consider legislative history of statute as an aid in interpreting such statute. Id., 341. Legislative intent is not to be found in isolated sentence but enactment must be examined in its entirety and its parts reconciled and made operative so far as possible. Id., 376. Statutes should be construed retrospectively only when mandate of legislature is imperative. Id., 447. Cited. Id., 481. Courts must assume that legislature intended a reasonable and rational result and must, when possible, construe statutes accordingly. Id., 551. Cited. 149 C. 248. A penal statute is to be strictly construed. 101 U.S. 188; 67 C. 286; 79 C. 338; 82 C. 1; Id., 539; 83 C. 300; 84 C. 47; 85 C. 23; Id., 481; 87 C. 253; 112 C. 39; 121 C. 160. However, technicality does not avoid intent. 146 C. 605. What constitutes a penal statute. 74 C. 132; 86 C. 191; 87 C. 253; Id., 461. Statutory remedy of double or treble damages penal in nature. 84 C. 47. Statute in derogation of private rights should be strictly construed. 68 C. 113; 74 C. 321; 75 C. 423; 143 C. 358. Constitutional provisions or statutes in derogation of common law to be treated in same manner. 79 C. 163; 81 C. 632. Franchise in derogation of public rights to be treated in same manner. 71 C. 657; 87 C. 183. Statute enacting settled public policy of charitable tax exemptions to be construed reasonably. 71 C. 316. Cited. 162 C. 102, 406; 165 C. 396; Id., 466; Id., 559; 166 C. 642; 167 C. 499. Commonly approved meaning of “security” taken from dictionaries. 168 C. 112. Cited. 169 C. 502; overruled with respect to holding an uninsured motorist coverage, see 219 C. 371; 170 C. 387; 172 C. 263; Id., 416; overruled with respect to holding an uninsured motorist coverage, see 219 C. 371; 179 C. 269; Id., 415; 183 C. 520; Id., 566; 186 C. 198; Id., 757; 191 C. 336; 192 C. 732; 194 C. 139; Id., 279; 196 C. 53; Id., 91; 201 C. 125; 202 C. 292; Id., 300; Id., 629; 211 C. 116; 213 C. 220; 224 C. 693; 226 C. 191; 228 C. 758; 242 C. 211. By its own terms, section does not apply to Department of Mental Retardation's decisions regarding eligibility for services. 277 C. 594.

Cited. 2 CA 196; 3 CA 1; Id., 240; 4 CA 168; 8 CA 581; 10 CA 18; 15 CA 323; 35 CA 464; 40 CA 359; 43 CA 801. Section not intended to limit legislative power or to affect statutory construction when intent is clear. 47 CA 68.

Cited. 20 CS 84. Statutory construction involves consideration of terms of act as a whole and circumstances and conditions existing at the time which may have affected its intent and motivated its adoption. Id., 428; 26 CS 329. What is meant by “statutory construction”. 21 CS 144. Cited. 22 CS 10, 155, 440; 24 CS 149; 29 CS 344, 397. Library of a law office held to be a “private library” within Sec. 12-81(32) as the word “private” must be accorded its common meaning taken from the dictionary. 31 CS 359. Cited. 35 CS 555; Id., 617; 36 CS 141; Id., 578; Id., 583; 38 CS 689; 39 CS 195; 43 CS 46; 44 CS 34.

When language is plain and unambiguous it need not be construed. 3 Conn. Cir. Ct. 181; 4 Conn. Cir. Ct. 368. Cited. 3 Conn. Cir. Ct. 367. Penal statute to be strictly construed. Id., 674. Cited. 6 Conn. Cir. Ct. 678.

Subsec. (a):

Usual and natural meaning of words ordinarily followed. 61 C. 12; 63 C. 388; 82 C. 232; 84 C. 306; 85 C. 484; 90 C. 367; 92 C. 254; 99 C. 118; 133 C. 290; 144 C. 516; 152 C. 312; 153 C. 209; 154 C. 162; Id., 237; 155 C. 531; Id., 573; 156 C. 33. “May” may be construed to mean “shall”; 65 C. 487; 74 C. 60; 94 C. 292; 103 C. 607; or “must”; 84 C. 650; and “shall” may permit discretion. 75 C. 509; 76 C. 405. “Passage of act” means when it goes into effect. 68 C. 426. Meaning of “personal representatives” depends on context. 71 C. 290. Letter may yield to intent; 72 C. 148; comma may be disregarded; 93 C. 515; 95 C. 723; or its omission; 97 C. 601; Id., 735; 107 C. 605; or be departed from to avoid injustice. 87 C. 446. The technical meaning of words will not be permitted to defeat intent. 74 C. 60; 77 C. 31; 83 C. 141; 93 C. 515; 100 C. 324. Penalty of “fine and imprisonment” permits either. 75 C. 350. Words having technical meaning at common law are given the same in a statute. 79 C. 546; Id., 562; 80 C. 658. “Brother” may include half-brother. 79 C. 562. Exceptions may be implied. 81 C. 320; Id., 632. General words do not include state. 82 C. 392. General words may be limited by subject matter. 89 C. 583. Effect of title. 89 C. 196; 91 C. 135; Id., 472. Where general words follow an enumeration, they apply only to persons or those of same general class as those enumerated. 126 C. 430, 431. Technical terms of trade or business have meaning they have to informed practitioners thereof. 144 C. 346; 153 C. 465. Practice of law construed. 154 C. 129. Cited. 158 C. 452. Words used in statute are to be given their commonly approved usage. Id., 461; their plain ordinary meaning. 159 C. 544. Definition of “farming” and “agriculture” includes nurseries. 160 C. 71. Cited re tax statutes. 164 C. 178. Cited. Id., 360. “Commence” defined. 165 C. 687. Webster's Third New International Dictionary cited to define “government”, “policy” and “direct”. Id., 757. Cited. 166 C. 337; Id., 405; 170 C. 567; 175 C. 49; Id., 349; 179 C. 277; 181 C. 1; Id., 114; 183 C. 183; 185 C. 118; 186 C. 623; 187 C. 363; Id., 386; 188 C. 542; 189 C. 321; 190 C. 143; 191 C. 636; 192 C. 571; 194 C. 129; Id., 165; 196 C. 53; 198 C. 185; 200 C. 713; 203 C. 45; 205 C. 386; 206 C. 337; 208 C. 267; Id., 709; 209 C. 429; 211 C. 339; 212 C. 100; Id., 661; 213 C. 66; Id., 354; 214 Ced motorist coverage, see 219 C. 371; 170 C. 387; 172 C. 263; Id., 416; overruled with respect to holding an uninsured motorist coverage, see 219 C. 371; 179 C. 269; Id., 415; 183 C. 520; Id., 566; 186 C. 198; Id., 757; 191 C. 336; 192 C. 732; 194 C. 139; Id., 279; 196 C. 53; Id., 91; 201 C. 125; 202 C. 292; Id., 300; Id., 629; 211 C. 116; 213 C. 220; 224 C. 693; 226 C. 191; 228 C. 758; 242 C. 211. By its own terms, section does not apply to Department of Mental Retardation's decisions regarding eligibility for services. 277 C. 594.

Cited. 2 CA 196; 3 CA 1; Id., 240; 4 CA 168; 8 CA 581; 10 CA 18; 15 CA 323; 35 CA 464; 40 CA 359; 43 CA 801. Section not intended to limit legislative power or to affect statutory construction when intent is clear. 47 CA 68.

Cited. 20 CS 84. Statutory construction involves consideration of terms of act as a whole and circumstances and conditions existing at the time which may have affected its intent and motivated its adoption. Id., 428; 26 CS 329. What is meant by “statutory construction”. 21 CS 144. Cited. 22 CS 10, 155, 440; 24 CS 149; 29 CS 344, 397. Library of a law office held to be a “private library” within Sec. 12-81(32) as the word “private” must be accorded its common meaning taken from the dictionary. 31 CS 359. Cited. 35 CS 555; Id., 617; 36 CS 141; Id., 578; Id., 583; 38 CS 689; 39 CS 195; 43 CS 46; 44 CS 34.

When language is plain and unambiguous it need not be construed. 3 Conn. Cir. Ct. 181; 4 Conn. Cir. Ct. 368. Cited. 3 Conn. Cir. Ct. 367. Penal statute to be strictly construed. Id., 674. Cited. 6 Conn. Cir. Ct. 678.

Subsec. (a):

Usual and natural meaning of words ordinarily followed. 61 C. 12; 63 C. 388; 82 C. 232; 84 C. 306; 85 C. 484; 90 C. 367; 92 C. 254; 99 C. 118; 133 C. 290; 144 C. 516; 152 C. 312; 153 C. 209; 154 C. 162; Id., 237; 155 C. 531; Id., 573; 156 C. 33. “May” may be construed to mean “shall”; 65 C. 487; 74 C. 60; 94 C. 292; 103 C. 607; or “must”; 84 C. 650; and “shall” may permit discretion. 75 C. 509; 76 C. 405. “Passage of act” means when it goes into effect. 68 C. 426. Meaning of “personal representatives” depends on context. 71 C. 290. Letter may yield to intent; 72 C. 148; comma may be disregarded; 93 C. 515; 95 C. 723; or its omission; 97 C. 601; Id., 735; 107 C. 605; or be departed from to avoid injustice. 87 C. 446. The technical meaning of words will not be permitted to defeat intent. 74 C. 60; 77 C. 31; 83 C. 141; 93 C. 515; 100 C. 324. Penalty of “fine and imprisonment” permits either. 75 C. 350. Words having technical meaning at common law are given the same in a statute. 79 C. 546; Id., 562; 80 C. 658. “Brother” may include half-brother. 79 C. 562. Exceptions may be implied. 81 C. 320; Id., 632. General words do not include state. 82 C. 392. General words may be limited by subject matter. 89 C. 583. Effect of title. 89 C. 196; 91 C. 135; Id., 472. Where general words follow an enumeration, they apply only to persons or those of same general class as those enumerated. 126 C. 430, 431. Technical terms of trade or business have meaning they have to informed practitioners thereof. 144 C. 346; 153 C. 465. Practice of law construed. 154 C. 129. Cited. 158 C. 452. Words used in statute are to be given their commonly approved usage. Id., 461; their plain ordinary meaning. 159 C. 544. Definition of “farming” and “agriculture” includes nurseries. 160 C. 71. Cited re tax statutes. 164 C. 178. Cited. Id., 360. “Commence” defined. 165 C. 687. Webster's Third New International Dictionary cited to define “government”, “policy” and “direct”. Id., 757. Cited. 166 C. 337; Id., 405; 170 C. 567; 175 C. 49; Id., 349; 179 C. 277; 181 C. 1; Id., 114; 183 C. 183; 185 C. 118; 186 C. 623; 187 C. 363; Id., 386; 188 C. 542; 189 C. 321; 190 C. 143; 191 C. 636; 192 C. 571; 194 C. 129; Id., 165; 196 C. 53; 198 C. 185; 200 C. 713; 203 C. 45; 205 C. 386; 206 C. 337; 208 C. 267; Id., 709; 209 C. 429; 211 C. 339; 212 C. 100; Id., 661; 213 C. 66; Id., 354; 214 C. 209; Id., 321; 216 C. 40; Id., 402; 219 C. 314; Id., 520; 221 C. 751; 222 C. 361; 223 C. 573; 224 C. 44; 225 C. 297; Id., 566; 226 C. 191; 227 C. 505; 228 C. 158; Id., 795; 230 C. 24; 234 C. 301; Id., 401; Id., 783; 235 C. 778; Id., 850; 237 C. 490; 238 C. 784; 240 C. 317; Id., 590; 242 C. 17. Term “hearing” leaves room for flexibility as required for due process. 247 C. 732. “Access” defined; to ascertain the commonly approved usage of a word, it is appropriate to look to its dictionary definition. 250 C. 188. Common meaning rule applied to Workers' Compensation Act provisions. 285 C. 348.

Cited. 1 CA 22; 2 CA 49; 3 CA 16; Id., 230; Id., 343; 4 CA 111; Id., 200; Id., 307; 8 CA 528; Id., 607; Id., 673; 12 CA 138; Id., 196; 14 CA 322; 15 CA 205; 17 CA 344; 20 CA 302; 26 CA 490; 27 CA 800; 31 CA 47; 34 CA 352; 35 CA 173; Id., 714; 36 CA 98; 37 CA 72; Id., 619; Id., 764; 38 CA 360; Id., 815; 39 CA 441; 40 CA 705; judgment reversed, see 240 C. 590; 44 CA 162; 46 CA 661.

Cited. 31 CS 216; 36 CS 59; Id., 586; 37 CS 506; Id., 596; Id., 654; 38 CS 54; 39 CS 449; 40 CS 77; Id., 194; 45 CS 33.

Cited. 4 Conn. Cir. Ct. 600; 6 Conn. Cir. Ct. 372.

Subsec. (b):

“Railroad” held to include street railway; 78 C. 295; to exclude it. 80 C. 40.

Subsec. (c):

“Banks” held to include industrial bank. 125 C. 319.

Subsec. (f):

Cited. 57 C. 57; 150 C. 241; 166 C. 325. Statute cannot be logically invoked for words importing plural to include the singular to make “employees” singular as it appears after the words “to insure a clear and identifiable community of interest among ...” in Sec. 7-471(3). Statute is directory but not mandatory. 175 C. 349. Cited. Id.; 187 C. 386; 214 C. 407; 218 C. 438; 223 C. 610; 239 C. 708.

Cited. 35 CS 587.

Subsec. (g):

Cited. 57 C. 57. “Widow” will not be construed to include widower. 91 C. 77. Cited. 212 C. 661; 226 C. 618.

Subsec. (h):

Cited. 211 C. 508; 220 C. 584.

Cited. 15 CA 205.

Subsec. (i):

Cited. 157 C. 126.

Cited. 29 CA 465; 40 CA 483; 42 CA 480. “Month” and “year” not construed to change intent of statutory rape legislation. 47 CA 68.

Subsec. (k):

Cited. 81 C. 149. Not construed to make state suable without its consent. 82 C. 392; 133 C. 64; 150 C. 308. Cited. 168 C. 26; 212 C. 661.

Applied to corporations. 18 CS 272.

Subsec. (m):

Cited. 175 C. 545; Id., 576; 200 C. 38.

Subsec. (q):

Regular, commercially-operated slaughtering of animals unrelated to the farm itself is not included within definition of farming. 188 C. 724. Cited. 199 C. 294; 239 C. 124.

Cited. 3 CA 53; 24 CA 163.

“Farm land” defined for tax purposes. 26 CS 160.

Subsec. (s):

Applies only to a valid repeal. 11 CS 489.

Subsec. (t):

Cited. 67 C. 289; 68 C. 515; 78 C. 425; 97 C. 14; 121 C. 199; 152 C. 85. When a saving provision exists, a crime committed prior to the effective date of the repealing act remains punishable under the terms of the prior statute. 169 C. 13. Cited. 171 C. 278. Repeal of act shall not affect any suit, prosecution or proceeding pending at time of repeal for offense committed under repealed act. 172 C. 242. Cited. 237 C. 364. Court declines to overrule State v. Kalil , 314 C. 529, and adopt the amelioration doctrine as it relates to section. 337 C. 739.. Cited. 166 C. 337; Id., 405; 170 C. 567; 175 C. 49; Id., 349; 179 C. 277; 181 C. 1; Id., 114; 183 C. 183; 185 C. 118; 186 C. 623; 187 C. 363; Id., 386; 188 C. 542; 189 C. 321; 190 C. 143; 191 C. 636; 192 C. 571; 194 C. 129; Id., 165; 196 C. 53; 198 C. 185; 200 C. 713; 203 C. 45; 205 C. 386; 206 C. 337; 208 C. 267; Id., 709; 209 C. 429; 211 C. 339; 212 C. 100; Id., 661; 213 C. 66; Id., 354; 214 C. 209; Id., 321; 216 C. 40; Id., 402; 219 C. 314; Id., 520; 221 C. 751; 222 C. 361; 223 C. 573; 224 C. 44; 225 C. 297; Id., 566; 226 C. 191; 227 C. 505; 228 C. 158; Id., 795; 230 C. 24; 234 C. 301; Id., 401; Id., 783; 235 C. 778; Id., 850; 237 C. 490; 238 C. 784; 240 C. 317; Id., 590; 242 C. 17. Term “hearing” leaves room for flexibility as required for due process. 247 C. 732. “Access” defined; to ascertain the commonly approved usage of a word, it is appropriate to look to its dictionary definition. 250 C. 188. Common meaning rule applied to Workers' Compensation Act provisions. 285 C. 348.

Cited. 1 CA 22; 2 CA 49; 3 CA 16; Id., 230; Id., 343; 4 CA 111; Id., 200; Id., 307; 8 CA 528; Id., 607; Id., 673; 12 CA 138; Id., 196; 14 CA 322; 15 CA 205; 17 CA 344; 20 CA 302; 26 CA 490; 27 CA 800; 31 CA 47; 34 CA 352; 35 CA 173; Id., 714; 36 CA 98; 37 CA 72; Id., 619; Id., 764; 38 CA 360; Id., 815; 39 CA 441; 40 CA 705; judgment reversed, see 240 C. 590; 44 CA 162; 46 CA 661.

Cited. 31 CS 216; 36 CS 59; Id., 586; 37 CS 506; Id., 596; Id., 654; 38 CS 54; 39 CS 449; 40 CS 77; Id., 194; 45 CS 33.

Cited. 4 Conn. Cir. Ct. 600; 6 Conn. Cir. Ct. 372.

Subsec. (b):

“Railroad” held to include street railway; 78 C. 295; to exclude it. 80 C. 40.

Subsec. (c):

“Banks” held to include industrial bank. 125 C. 319.

Subsec. (f):

Cited. 57 C. 57; 150 C. 241; 166 C. 325. Statute cannot be logically invoked for words importing plural to include the singular to make “employees” singular as it appears after the words “to insure a clear and identifiable community of interest among ...” in Sec. 7-471(3). Statute is directory but not mandatory. 175 C. 349. Cited. Id.; 187 C. 386; 214 C. 407; 218 C. 438; 223 C. 610; 239 C. 708.

Cited. 35 CS 587.

Subsec. (g):

Cited. 57 C. 57. “Widow” will not be construed to include widower. 91 C. 77. Cited. 212 C. 661; 226 C. 618.

Subsec. (h):

Cited. 211 C. 508; 220 C. 584.

Cited. 15 CA 205.

Subsec. (i):

Cited. 157 C. 126.

Cited. 29 CA 465; 40 CA 483; 42 CA 480. “Month” and “year” not construed to change intent of statutory rape legislation. 47 CA 68.

Subsec. (k):

Cited. 81 C. 149. Not construed to make state suable without its consent. 82 C. 392; 133 C. 64; 150 C. 308. Cited. 168 C. 26; 212 C. 661.

Applied to corporations. 18 CS 272.

Subsec. (m):

Cited. 175 C. 545; Id., 576; 200 C. 38.

Subsec. (q):

Regular, commercially-operated slaughtering of animals unrelated to the farm itself is not included within definition of farming. 188 C. 724. Cited. 199 C. 294; 239 C. 124.

Cited. 3 CA 53; 24 CA 163.

“Farm land” defined for tax purposes. 26 CS 160.

Subsec. (s):

Applies only to a valid repeal. 11 CS 489.

Subsec. (t):

Cited. 67 C. 289; 68 C. 515; 78 C. 425; 97 C. 14; 121 C. 199; 152 C. 85. When a saving provision exists, a crime committed prior to the effective date of the repealing act remains punishable under the terms of the prior statute. 169 C. 13. Cited. 171 C. 278. Repeal of act shall not affect any suit, prosecution or proceeding pending at time of repeal for offense committed under repealed act. 172 C. 242. Cited. 237 C. 364. Court declines to overrule State v. Kalil , 314 C. 529, and adopt the amelioration doctrine as it relates to section. 337 C. 739.

There is no express language in P.A. 11-71 or any indication in the legislative history that the legislature clearly and unequivocally intended P.A. 11-71 to apply retroactively and thus the savings statutes apply and the law in effect at the time of defendant's offense for possession of marijuana and use of drug paraphernalia controls. 147 CA 232; judgment reversed in part on alternate grounds, see 315 C. 861.

Rule of construction. 3 CS 12. Applied. 16 CS 446.

Subsec. (u):

Cited. 59 C. 367; 67 C. 48; Id., 469; 70 C. 565. Intent to affect pending action, clearly shown, will be given effect; 75 C. 447; 86 C. 425; 127 C. 420; also, where an act concerning procedure is made general in its terms. 89 C. 46. Cited. 134 C. 342. Passage of an act does not affect pending action for divorce on ground of habitual intemperance. 136 C. 191. Cited. 137 C. 343; 142 C. 29, 329. Amendment to dram shop act limiting liability did not affect pending action. 149 C. 396. “Long-arm” statute is procedural and applies to action on rights matured before its passage. 157 C. 92. Court session date changes did not affect pending action. Id., 434. Cited. 174 C. 366. Statutes should be construed retroactively only when the mandate of the legislature is imperative. 177 C. 93. Cited. 187 C. 451; 201 C. 16; 202 C. 541; 203 C. 34; Id., 455; Id., 484; 204 C. 17; 217 C. 612; 235 C. 850; 237 C. 364; 239 C. 676; 247 C. 638.

Cited. 6 CA 194; 9 CA 327.

Unless intent is plain that public act or general statute repeals a special act, latter will continue in effect. 26 CS 260. Cited. 34 CS 31; 38 CS 689; 44 CS 34; Id., 297.

Subsec. (w):

Cited. 166 C. 178; 185 C. 517; 196 C. 309; 240 C. 97.the repealing act remains punishable under the terms of the prior statute. 169 C. 13. Cited. 171 C. 278. Repeal of act shall not affect any suit, prosecution or proceeding pending at time of repeal for offense committed under repealed act. 172 C. 242. Cited. 237 C. 364. Court declines to overrule State v. Kalil , 314 C. 529, and adopt the amelioration doctrine as it relates to section. 337 C. 739.

There is no express language in P.A. 11-71 or any indication in the legislative history that the legislature clearly and unequivocally intended P.A. 11-71 to apply retroactively and thus the savings statutes apply and the law in effect at the time of defendant's offense for possession of marijuana and use of drug paraphernalia controls. 147 CA 232; judgment reversed in part on alternate grounds, see 315 C. 861.

Rule of construction. 3 CS 12. Applied. 16 CS 446.

Subsec. (u):

Cited. 59 C. 367; 67 C. 48; Id., 469; 70 C. 565. Intent to affect pending action, clearly shown, will be given effect; 75 C. 447; 86 C. 425; 127 C. 420; also, where an act concerning procedure is made general in its terms. 89 C. 46. Cited. 134 C. 342. Passage of an act does not affect pending action for divorce on ground of habitual intemperance. 136 C. 191. Cited. 137 C. 343; 142 C. 29, 329. Amendment to dram shop act limiting liability did not affect pending action. 149 C. 396. “Long-arm” statute is procedural and applies to action on rights matured before its passage. 157 C. 92. Court session date changes did not affect pending action. Id., 434. Cited. 174 C. 366. Statutes should be construed retroactively only when the mandate of the legislature is imperative. 177 C. 93. Cited. 187 C. 451; 201 C. 16; 202 C. 541; 203 C. 34; Id., 455; Id., 484; 204 C. 17; 217 C. 612; 235 C. 850; 237 C. 364; 239 C. 676; 247 C. 638.

Cited. 6 CA 194; 9 CA 327.

Unless intent is plain that public act or general statute repeals a special act, latter will continue in effect. 26 CS 260. Cited. 34 CS 31; 38 CS 689; 44 CS 34; Id., 297.

Subsec. (w):

Cited. 166 C. 178; 185 C. 517; 196 C. 309; 240 C. 97.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-226 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 14 / Section 1-226
Sec. 1-226. (Formerly Sec. 1-21a). Recording, broadcasting or photographing meetings.
Status: in_force

(b) Any such public agency may adopt rules governing such recording, photography or the use of such broadcasting equipment for radio and television stations but, in the absence of the adoption of such rules and regulations by such public agency prior to the meeting, such recording, photography or the use of such radio and television equipment shall be permitted as provided in subsection (a) of this section.

(c) Whenever there is a violation or the probability of a violation of subsections (a) and (b) of this section the superior court, or a judge thereof, for the judicial district in which such meeting is taking place shall, upon application made by affidavit that such violation is taking place or that there is reasonable probability that such violation will take place, issue a temporary injunction against any such violation without notice to the adverse party to show cause why such injunction should not be granted and without the plaintiff's giving bond. Any person or public agency so enjoined may immediately appear and be heard by the court or judge granting such injunction with regard to dissolving or modifying the same and, after hearing the parties and upon a determination that such meeting should not be open to the public, said court or judge may dissolve or modify the injunction. Any action taken by a judge upon any such application shall be immediately certified to the court to which such proceedings are returnable.

Annotations to former section 1-21a:

Cited. 174 C. 308; 181 C. 324; 182 C. 142; 184 C. 102; 190 C. 235; 192 C. 310; 204 C. 609; 205 C. 767; 206 C. 449; 207 C. 698; 208 C. 442; 209 C. 204; 210 C. 590; Id., 646; 212 C. 100; 213 C. 126; Id., 216; 214 C. 312; 216 C. 253; 217 C. 153; Id., 193; 218 C. 256; Id., 757; 220 C. 225; 221 C. 217; Id., 300; Id., 393; Id., 482; Id., 549; 222 C. 621; 228 C. 158; Id., 271.

Cited. 2 CA 600; 4 CA 468; 14 CA 380; judgment reversed, see 210 C. 646; 16 CA 49; 19 CA 352; Id., 539; 20 CA 671; 22 CA 316; 29 CA 821; 35 CA 111; 37 CA 589; 42 CA 402; 43 CA 133.

Cited. 41 CS 31; Id., 267; 42 CS 84; Id., 129; Id., 291.

Subsec. (a):

Cited. 42 CA 402. Parties to a grievance arbitration hearing do not have right pursuant to section to tape record the proceedings. 43 CA 133.

Annotation to present section:

Subsec. (a):

Section's recording provisions inapplicable to grievance arbitration proceedings. 244 C. 487.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-350b — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 15c / Section 1-350b
Sec. 1-350b. Applicability.
Status: in_force

(1) A power to the extent it is coupled with an interest in the subject of the power, including a power given to or for the benefit of a creditor in connection with a credit transaction;

(2) A power to make health care decisions;

(3) A proxy or other delegation to exercise voting rights or management rights with respect to an entity; and

(4) A power created on a form prescribed by a government or governmental subdivision, agency or instrumentality for a governmental purpose.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-86d — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 10 / Section 1-86d
Sec. 1-86d. Legal defense fund established by or for a public official or state employee. Reports. Contributions.
Status: in_force

(b) (1) In addition to the prohibitions on gifts under subsections (j) and (m) of section 1-84 and subsection (a) of section 1-97 , no public official or state employee shall accept, directly or indirectly, any contribution to a legal defense fund established by or for the public official or state employee, from (A) a member of the immediate family of any person who is prohibited from giving a gift under subsection (j) or (m) of section 1-84 or subsection (a) of section 1-97 , or (B) a person who is appointed by said public official or state employee to serve on a paid, full-time basis. No person described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of this subdivision shall make a contribution to such a legal defense fund, and no such person or any person prohibited from making a gift under subsection (j) or (m) of section 1-84 or subsection (a) of section 1-97 shall solicit a contribution for such a legal defense fund.

(2) A public official or state employee may accept a contribution or contributions to a legal defense fund established by or for the public official or state employee from any other person, provided the total amount of such contributions from any such person in any calendar year shall not exceed one thousand dollars. No such person shall make a contribution or contributions to said legal defense fund exceeding one thousand dollars in any calendar year. The provisions of this subdivision shall not apply in 2004, to any person who has made a contribution or contributions to a legal defense fund exceeding one thousand dollars in 2004, before June 3, 2004, provided said legal defense fund shall not accept any additional contributions from such person in 2004, and such person shall not make any additional contributions to said fund in 2004.

(3) Notwithstanding the provisions of subdivision (2) of this subsection, a public official or state employee may accept a contribution or contributions, in any amount, to a legal defense fund established by or for the public official or state employee from a relative of the public official or state employee or a person whose relationship with the public official or state employee is not dependent on the official's or employee's status as a public official or state employee. The factors that the board shall consider in determining whether a person's relationship is so dependent shall include, but not be limited to, whether the person may be able to benefit from the exercise of official authority of the public official or state employee and whether the person made gifts to the public official or state employee before the official or employee began serving in such office or position.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-16 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 3 / Section 1-16
Sec. 1-16. Reproductions.
Status: in_force

Cited. 169 C. 186; 206 C. 449.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-500 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 15e / Section 1-500
Sec. 1-500. Homeless Person's Bill of Rights.
Status: in_force

(b) Each homeless person in this state has the right to:

(1) Move freely in public spaces, including on public sidewalks, in public parks, on public transportation and in public buildings without harassment or intimidation from law enforcement officers in the same manner as other persons;

(2) Have equal opportunities for employment;

(3) Receive emergency medical care;

(4) Register to vote and to vote;

(5) Have personal information protected;

(6) Have a reasonable expectation of privacy in his or her personal property; and

(7) Receive equal treatment by state and municipal agencies.

(c) Each municipality may post in the usual location for municipal notices a notice entitled “HOMELESS PERSON'S BILL OF RIGHTS” that contains the text set forth in subsection (b) of this section.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-23 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 4 / Section 1-23
Sec. 1-23. When affirmation may be used.
Status: in_force

Cited. 202 C. 463; 211 C. 555.

Cited. 9 CA 1.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-100 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 10 / Section 1-100
Sec. 1-100. Violations; penalties.
Status: in_force

(b) Any fines, penalties or damages paid, collected or recovered under section 1-99 or this section for a violation of any provision of this part applying to the office of the Treasurer shall be deposited on a pro rata basis in any trust funds, as defined in section 3-13c , affected by such violation.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-351p — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 15c / Section 1-351p
Sec. 1-351p. General authority with respect to gifts.
Status: in_force

(b) Unless the power of attorney otherwise provides, language in a power of attorney granting general authority with respect to gifts authorizes the agent only to:

(1) Make outright to, or for the benefit of, a person, a gift of any of the principal's property, including by the exercise of a presently exercisable general power of appointment held by the principal, in an amount per donee not to exceed the annual dollar limits of the federal gift tax exclusion under 26 USC 2503(b), as amended from time to time, without regard to whether the federal gift tax exclusion applies to the gift, or if the principal's spouse agrees to consent to a split gift pursuant to 26 USC 2513, as amended from time to time, in an amount per donee not to exceed twice the annual federal gift tax exclusion limit; and

(2) Consent, pursuant to 26 USC 2513, as amended from time to time, to the splitting of a gift made by the principal's spouse in an amount per donee not to exceed the aggregate annual gift tax exclusions for both spouses.

(c) An agent may make a gift of the principal's property only as the agent determines is consistent with the principal's objectives if actually known by the agent and, if unknown, as the agent determines is consistent with the principal's best interest based on all relevant factors, including:

(1) The value and nature of the principal's property;

(2) The principal's foreseeable obligations and need for maintenance;

(3) Minimization of taxes, including income, estate, inheritance, generation skipping transfer and gift taxes;

(4) Eligibility for a benefit, a program, or assistance under a federal or state statute or regulation; and

(5) The principal's personal history of making or joining in making gifts.

(C)

FORMS
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-213 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 14 / Section 1-213
Sec. 1-213. (Formerly Sec. 1-19b). Agency administration. Disclosure of personnel, birth and tax records. Disclosure of voice mails by public agencies. Judicial records and proceedings.
Status: in_force

(1) Construed as requiring each public agency to open its records concerning the administration of such agency to public inspection; and

(2) Construed as requiring each public agency to disclose information in its personnel files, birth records or confidential tax records to the individual who is the subject of such information.

(b) Nothing in the Freedom of Information Act shall be deemed in any manner to:

(1) Affect the status of judicial records as they existed prior to October 1, 1975, nor to limit the rights of litigants, including parties to administrative proceedings, under the laws of discovery of this state;

(2) Require disclosure of any record of a personnel search committee which, because of name or other identifying information, would reveal the identity of an executive level employment candidate without the consent of such candidate; or

(3) Require any public agency to transcribe the content of any voice mail message and retain such record for any period of time. As used in this subdivision, “voice mail” means all information transmitted by voice for the sole purpose of its electronic receipt, storage and playback by a public agency.

Annotations to former section 1-19b:

Cited. 174 C. 308; 181 C. 324; 184 C. 102; 190 C. 235; 192 C. 310; 204 C. 609; 205 C. 767; 206 C. 449; 207 C. 698; 208 C. 442; 209 C. 204; 210 C. 590; Id., 646; 212 C. 100; 213 C. 126; Id., 216; 214 C. 312; 216 C. 253; 217 C. 153; Id., 193; 218 C. 256; Id., 757; 220 C. 225; 221 C. 217; Id., 300; Id., 393; Id., 482; Id., 549; 222 C. 621; 227 C. 641; 228 C. 158; Id., 271.

Cited. 4 CA 468; 14 CA 380; judgment reversed, see 210 C. 646; 16 CA 49; 19 CA 352; Id., 539; 20 CA 671; 22 CA 316; 29 CA 821; 35 CA 111; 37 CA 589; 42 CA 402; 43 CA 133.

Cited. 41 CS 31; Id., 267; 42 CS 84; Id., 129; Id., 291.

Subsec. (b):

Cited. 213 C. 126; 221 C. 300; 233 C. 28; 241 C. 310.

Cited. 42 CA 39; judgment reversed, see 241 C. 310.

Cited. 42 CS 291.

Annotation to present section:

Subsec. (b):

That nothing in the act shall “limit the rights of litigants ... under the laws of discovery of this state” means requests for records under the act are to be determined by reference to provisions of the act, irrespective of whether they are or otherwise would be disclosable under the rules of state discovery, whether civil or criminal. 252 C. 377.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-101mm — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 10 / Section 1-101mm
Sec. 1-101mm. Definitions.
Status: in_force

(1) “Business with which the person is associated” means any sole proprietorship, partnership, firm, corporation, trust or other entity through which business for-profit or not-for-profit is conducted in which the person or member of the immediate family of any person who is an individual is a director, officer, owner, limited or general partner, beneficiary of a trust or holder of stock constituting five per cent or more of the total outstanding stock of any class, provided, a person who is an individual or a member of the immediate family of such individual shall not be deemed to be associated with a not-for-profit entity solely by virtue of the fact that such individual or immediate family member is an unpaid director or officer of the not-for-profit entity. “Officer” refers only to the president, executive or senior vice president or treasurer of such business.

(2) “Immediate family” means any spouse, children or dependent relatives who reside in an individual's household.

(3) “Large state construction or procurement contract” means any contract, having a cost of more than five hundred thousand dollars, for (A) the remodeling, alteration, repair or enlargement of any real asset, (B) the construction, alteration, reconstruction, improvement, relocation, widening or changing of the grade of a section of a state highway or a bridge, (C) the purchase or lease of supplies, materials or equipment, as defined in section 4a-50 , or (D) the construction, reconstruction, alteration, remodeling, repair or demolition of any public building.

(4) “Person” has the same meaning as provided in section 1-79 .

(5) “Public official” has the same meaning as provided in section 1-79 .

(6) “Quasi-public agency” has the same meaning as provided in section 1-120 .

(7) “State employee” has the same meaning as provided in section 1-79 .
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-101a — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 10 / Section 1-101a
Sec. 1-101a. Prohibition re employment as lobbyist by public official or state employee convicted of a crime related to state or quasi-public agency office.
Status: in_force

(1) “Crime related to state or quasi-public agency office” means larceny by state embezzlement, or theft, as defined in subdivision (18) of section 53a-119 , bribery under section 53a-147 or bribe receiving under section 53a-148 , committed by a person while serving as a public official or state employee;

(2) “Public official” means public official as defined in section 1-79 ; and

(3) “State employee” means state employee as defined in section 1-79 .

(b) Notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes, no public official or state employee that is convicted of or pleads guilty or nolo contendere to a crime related to state or quasi-public agency office, shall seek or accept employment as a lobbyist or otherwise act as a registrant pursuant to this chapter.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-274 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 15 / Section 1-274
Sec. 1-274. Attribution and effect of electronic record and electronic signature.
Status: in_force

(b) The effect of an electronic record or electronic signature attributed to a person under subsection (a) of this section is determined from the context and surrounding circumstances at the time of its creation, execution or adoption, including the parties' agreement, if any, and otherwise as provided by law.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-1d — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 1 / Section 1-1d
Sec. 1-1d. “Minor”, “infant”, “infancy”, “age of majority”, defined.
Status: in_force

Cited. 165 C. 251. Court ordered support for a minor child terminates when child reaches eighteen. 168 C. 144. Cited. 171 C. 23. In contempt action for support it is law set forth in statutes rather than contract which imposes obligations for support; no statutory authority to grant support for person over eighteen. 177 C. 47. Cited. Id., 327; 180 C. 252; 184 C. 36; Id., 121; 185 C. 156; 187 C. 6; 190 C. 141. Establishment of age of majority is read to have prospective effect only. 279 C. 207.

Cited. 1 CA 578; 8 CA 76; Id., 607; 10 CA 147; 19 CA 146.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-65ff — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 8b / Section 1-65ff
Sec. 1-65ff. Form of unsworn declaration.
Status: in_force

I declare under penalty of perjury under the law of Connecticut that the foregoing is true and correct, and that I am physically located outside the geographic boundaries of the United States, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, and any territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-96 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 10 / Section 1-96
Sec. 1-96. Financial reports of registrants. Requirements.
Status: in_force

(b) Each individual communicator lobbyist registrant and each business organization communicator lobbyist registrant shall file with the Office of State Ethics between the first and tenth day of January a report or reports, signed under penalty of false statement, reporting the amounts of compensation and reimbursement received from each of his clients during the previous year. In addition, each individual communicator lobbyist registrant and each business organization communicator lobbyist registrant shall: (1) Report the fundamental terms of contracts, agreements or promises to pay or receive compensation or reimbursement or to make expenditures in furtherance of lobbying, including the categories of work to be performed and the dollar value or compensation rate of the contract, at the time of registration; (2) report, in accordance with the schedule set forth in subsection (a) of this section, any amendments to these fundamental terms, including any agreements to subcontract lobbying work; and (3) report, in accordance with the provisions of subsection (a) of this section, any expenditures for the benefit of a public official in the legislative or executive branch or a member of the staff or immediate family of such official which are unreimbursed and required to be itemized. Such report shall not include the disclosure of food and beverage provided by a communicator lobbyist registrant to a public official in the legislative or executive branch or a member of his staff or immediate family at a major life event, as defined by the Citizen's Ethics Advisory Board, of the registrant. All such information shall be reported under penalty of false statement.

(c) An individual communicator lobbyist registrant shall file a separate report for each person from whom he received compensation or reimbursement. Notwithstanding any provision of this subsection to the contrary, a business organization to which one or more individual communicator lobbyist registrants belong may file a single report for each client lobbyist in lieu of any separate reports that individual registrants are required to file pursuant to this subsection.

(d) Each registrant who files a notice of termination under subsection (c) of section 1-95 shall file with the Office of State Ethics a financial report, under penalty of false statement, between the first and tenth day of January of the year following termination.

(e) Each client lobbyist registrant financial report shall be on a form prescribed by the board and shall state expenditures made and the fundamental terms of contracts, agreements or promises to pay compensation or reimbursement or to make expenditures in furtherance of lobbying. Any such fundamental terms shall be reported once in the monthly, quarterly or post-termination report next following the entering into of such contract. Such financial report shall include an itemized statement of each expenditure of ten dollars or more per person for each occasion made by the reporting registrant or a group of registrants which includes the reporting registrant for the benefit of a public official in the legislative or executive branch, a member of his staff or immediate family, itemized by date, beneficiary, amount and circumstances of the transaction. The requirement of an itemized statement shall not apply to an expenditure made by a reporting registrant or a group of registrants which includes the reporting registrant for (1) the benefit of the members of the General Assembly at an event that is a reception to which all such members are invited or all members of a region of the state, as such term is used in subparagraph (K) of subdivision (7) of section 1-91 , are invited, unless the expenditure is thirty dollars or more per person, or (2) benefits personally and directly received by a public official or state employee at a charitable or civic event at which the public official or state employee participates in his official capacity, unless the expenditure is thirty dollars or more per person, per event. If the compensation is required to be reported for an individual whose lobbying is incidental to his or her regular employment, it shall be sufficient to report a prorated amount based on the value of the time devoted to lobbying. On the first financial report following registration each client lobbyist registrant shall include any expenditures incident to lobbying activities that were received or expended prior to registration and not previously reported to the Office of State Ethics.

(f) The Citizen's Ethics Advisory Board shall, by regulations adopted in accordance with chapter 54, establish minimum amounts for each item required to be reported, below which reporting may be made in the aggregate. The provisions of this subsection shall not apply to expenditures made for the benefit of a public official or a member of such person's staff or immediate family.

(g) Each former registrant shall (1) report receipts or expenditures incident to lobbying activities during his period of registration which are received or expended following termination of registration and (2) report each expenditure of ten dollars or more per person for each occasion made by him for the benefit of a public official or a member of such official's immediate family or staff which occurs within six months after termination of registration.

(h) The Office of State Ethics shall, within thirty days after receipt of a financial report which contains the name of a public official in the legislative or executive branch or a member of such official's staff or immediate family, send a written notice to such public official, of the filing of the report and the name of the person who filed it.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-93 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 10 / Section 1-93
Sec. 1-93. Complaints. Procedure. Time limits. Investigation; notice; hearings. Damages for complaints without foundation.
Status: in_force

(2) In the conduct of its investigation of an alleged violation of this part, the Office of State Ethics shall have the power to hold hearings, administer oaths, examine witnesses and receive oral and documentary evidence. The Office of State Ethics may subpoena witnesses under procedural rules adopted by the Citizen's Ethics Advisory Board as regulations in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54 to compel attendance before the Office of State Ethics and to require the production for examination by the ethics enforcement officer of the Office of State Ethics of any books and papers which the ethics enforcement officer of the Office of State Ethics deems relevant in any matter under investigation or in question, provided any such subpoena is issued either pursuant to a majority vote of the Citizen's Ethics Advisory Board or pursuant to the signature of the chairperson of such board. The vice-chairperson of such board may sign any such subpoena if the chairperson of such board is unavailable. In the exercise of such powers, the Office of State Ethics may use the services of the state police, who shall provide the same upon the office's request. The Office of State Ethics shall make a record of all proceedings conducted pursuant to this subsection. Any witness summoned before the Office of State Ethics or a judge trial referee pursuant to this subsection shall receive the witness fee paid to witnesses in the courts of this state. The ethics enforcement officer of the Office of State Ethics may bring any alleged violation of this part or section 1-101bb before a judge trial referee assigned by the Chief Court Administrator for such purpose for a probable cause hearing. Such judge trial referee shall be compensated in accordance with the provisions of section 52-434 from such funds as may be available to the Office of State Ethics. The respondent shall have the right to appear at any hearing held pursuant to this subsection and be heard and to offer any information which may tend to clear the respondent of probable cause to believe the respondent has violated any provision of this part or section 1-101bb . The respondent shall also have the right to be represented by legal counsel and to examine and cross-examine witnesses. Not later than ten days prior to the commencement of any hearing conducted pursuant to this subsection, the Office of State Ethics shall provide the respondent with a list of its intended witnesses. Any finding of probable cause to believe the respondent is in violation of any provision of this part or section 1-101bb shall be made by a judge trial referee not later than thirty days after the ethics enforcement officer brings such alleged violation before such judge trial referee, except that such thirty-day limitation period shall not apply if the judge trial referee determines that good cause exists for extending such limitation period.

(b) If a judge trial referee indicates that probable cause exists for the violation of a provision of this part or section 1-101bb , the board shall initiate hearings to determine whether there has been a violation of this part or section 1-101bb . Any such hearing shall be initiated by the board not later than thirty days after the finding of probable cause by a judge trial referee and shall be concluded not later than ninety days after its initiation, except that such thirty-day or ninety-day limitation period shall not apply if the judge trial referee determines that good cause exists for extending such limitation period. A judge trial referee, who has not taken part in the probable cause determination on the matter shall be assigned by the Chief Court Administrator and shall be compensated in accordance with section 52-434 out of funds available to the board. Such judge trial referee shall preside over such hearing and rule on all issues concerning the application of the rules of evidence, which shall be the same as in judicial proceedings. The judge trial referee shall have no vote in any decision of the board. All hearings of the board held pursuant to this subsection shall be open. At such hearing the board shall have the same powers as the Office of State Ethics under subsection (a) of this section and the respondent shall have the right to be represented by legal counsel, to compel attendance of witnesses and the production of books, documents, records and papers and to examine and cross-examine witnesses. Not later than ten days prior to the commencement of any hearing conducted pursuant to this subsection, the Office of State Ethics shall provide the respondent with a list of its intended witnesses. The judge trial referee shall, while engaged in the discharge of the duties as provided in this subsection, have the same authority as is provided in section 51-35 over witnesses who refuse to obey a subpoena or to testify with respect to any matter upon which such witness may be lawfully interrogated, and may commit any such witness for contempt for a period no longer than thirty days. The Office of State Ethics shall make a record of all proceedings pursuant to this subsection. During the course of any such hearing, no ex-parte communication shall occur between the board, or any of its members, and: (1) The judge trial referee, or (2) any staff member of the Enforcement Division of the Office of State Ethics, concerning the complaint or the respondent. The board shall find no person in violation of any provision of this part or section 1-101bb except upon the concurring vote of two-thirds of its members present and voting. No member of the board shall vote on the question of whether a violation of any provision of this part or section 1-101bb has occurred unless such member was physically present for the duration of any hearing held pursuant to this subsection. Not later than forty-five days after the public hearing conducted in accordance with this subsection, the board shall publish its finding and a memorandum of the reasons therefor. Such finding and memorandum shall be deemed to be the final decision of the board on the matter for the purposes of chapter 54. The respondent, if aggrieved by the finding and memorandum, may appeal therefrom to the Superior Court in accordance with the provisions of section 4-183 .

(c) If any complaint brought under the provisions of this part or section 1-101bb is made with the knowledge that it is made without foundation in fact, the respondent shall have a cause of action against the complainant for double the amount of damage caused thereby and if the respondent prevails in such action, the respondent may be awarded by the court the costs of such action together with reasonable attorneys' fees.

(d) No complaint may be made under this section except within five years next after the violation alleged in the complaint has been committed.

(e) No person shall take or threaten to take official action against an individual for such individual's disclosure of information to the board or the general counsel, ethics enforcement officer or staff of the Office of State Ethics under the provisions of this part or section 1-101bb . After receipt of information from an individual under the provisions of this part, the Office of State Ethics shall not disclose the identity of such individual without such person's consent unless the Office of State Ethics determines that such disclosure is unavoidable during the course of an investigation.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-280 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 15 / Section 1-280
Sec. 1-280. Time and place of sending and receipt.
Status: in_force

(1) Is addressed properly or otherwise directed properly to an information processing system that the recipient has designated or uses for the purpose of receiving electronic records or information of the type sent and from which the recipient is able to retrieve the electronic record;

(2) Is in a form capable of being processed by such system; and

(3) Enters an information processing system outside the control of the sender or of a person that sent the electronic record on behalf of the sender or enters a region of the information processing system designated or used by the recipient that is under the control of the recipient.

(b) Unless otherwise agreed between the sender and the recipient, an electronic record is received when it:

(1) Enters an information processing system that the recipient has designated or uses for the purpose of receiving electronic records or information of the type sent and from which the recipient is able to retrieve the electronic record; and

(2) Is in a form capable of being processed by such system.

(c) Subsection (b) of this section applies even if the place where the information processing system is located is different from the place where the electronic record is deemed to be received under subsection (d) of this section.

(d) Unless otherwise expressly provided in the electronic record or agreed between the sender and the recipient, an electronic record is deemed to be sent from the sender's place of business and to be received at the recipient's place of business. For the purposes of this subsection, the following rules apply:

(1) If the sender or the recipient has more than one place of business, the place of business of the sender or the recipient, as the case may be, is the sender's or recipient's place of business having the closest relationship to the underlying transaction.

(2) If the sender or the recipient does not have a place of business, the place of business of the sender or the recipient, as the case may be, is the sender's or recipient's residence.

(e) An electronic record is received under subsection (b) of this section even if no individual is aware of its receipt.

(f) Receipt of an electronic acknowledgment from an information processing system described in subsection (b) of this section establishes that an electronic record was received but, by itself, does not establish that the content sent corresponds to the content received.

(g) If a person is aware that an electronic record purportedly sent under subsection (a) of this section, or purportedly received under subsection (b) of this section, was not actually sent or received, the legal effect of the sending or receipt is determined by other applicable law. Except to the extent permitted by the other law, the requirements of this subsection may not be varied by agreement.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-91 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 10 / Section 1-91
Sec. 1-91. Definitions.
Status: in_force

(1) “Administrative action” means any action or nonaction of any executive agency of the state with respect to the proposal, drafting, development, consideration, amendment, adoption or repeal of any rule, regulation or utility rate, and any action or nonaction of any executive agency or quasi-public agency, regarding a contract, grant, award, purchasing agreement, loan, bond, certificate, license, permit or any other matter which is within the official jurisdiction or cognizance of such an agency.

(2) “Candidate for public office” means any person who has filed a declaration of candidacy or a petition to appear on the ballot for election as a public official, or who has raised or expended money in furtherance of such candidacy, or who has been nominated for appointment to serve as a public official; but does not include a candidate for the office of senator or representative in Congress.

(3) “Board” means the Citizen's Ethics Advisory Board established under section 1-80 .

(4) “Compensation” means any value received or to be received by a person acting as a lobbyist, whether in the form of a fee, salary or forbearance.

(5) “Executive agency” means a commission, board, agency, or other body or official in the executive branch of the state government and any independent body of the state government that is not a part of the legislative or judicial branch.

(6) “Expenditure” means any advance, conveyance, deposit, distribution, transfer of funds, loan, payment, unless expressly excluded; any payments for telephone, mailing, postage, printing and other clerical or office services and materials; any paid communications, costing fifty dollars or more in any calendar year, disseminated by means of any printing, broadcasting or other medium, provided such communications refer to pending administrative or legislative action; any contract, agreement, promise or other obligation; any solicitation or solicitations, costing fifty dollars or more in the aggregate for any calendar year, of other persons to communicate with a public official or state employee for the purpose of influencing any legislative or administrative act and any pledge, subscription of money or anything of value. “Expenditure” does not include (A) the payment of a registrant's fee pursuant to section 1-95 , (B) any expenditure made by any club, committee, partnership, organization, business, union, association or corporation for the purpose of publishing a newsletter or other release intended primarily for its members, shareholders or employees, whether in written or electronic form or made orally during a regularly noticed meeting, (C) any expenditure made by any club, committee, partnership, organization, business, union, association or corporation for the purpose of transporting its members, shareholders or employees to or from a specific site, where such members, shareholders or employees received no other compensation or reimbursement for lobbying from such club, committee, partnership, organization, business, union, association or corporation, or (D) contributions, membership dues or other fees paid to associations, nonstock corporations or tax-exempt organizations under Section 501(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or any subsequent corresponding internal revenue code of the United States, as from time to time amended.

(7) “Gift” means anything of value, which is directly and personally received, unless consideration of equal or greater value is given in return. “Gift” does not include:

(A) A political contribution otherwise reported as required by law or a donation or payment described in subdivision (9) or (10) of subsection (b) of section 9-601a ;

(B) Services provided by persons volunteering their time, if provided to aid or promote the success or defeat of any political party, any candidate or candidates for public office or the position of convention delegate or town committee member or any referendum question;

(C) A commercially reasonable loan made on terms not more favorable than loans made in the ordinary course of business;

(D) A gift received from (i) the individual's spouse, fiancé or fiancée, (ii) the parent, grandparent, brother or sister of such spouse or such individual, or (iii) the child of such individual or the spouse of such child;

(E) Goods or services (i) that are provided to a state agency or quasi-public agency (I) for use on state or quasi-public agency property, or (II) that support an event or the participation by a public official or state employee at an event, and (ii) that facilitate state or quasi-public agency action or functions. As used in this subparagraph, “state property” means property owned by the state or a quasi-public agency or property leased to a state or quasi-public agency;

(F) A certificate, plaque or other ceremonial award costing less than one hundred dollars;

(G) A rebate, discount or promotional item available to the general public;

(H) Printed or recorded informational material germane to state action or functions;

(I) Food or beverage or both, costing less than fifty dollars in the aggregate per recipient in a calendar year, and consumed on an occasion or occasions at which the person paying, directly or indirectly, for the food or beverage, or his representative, is in attendance;

(J) Food or beverage or both, costing less than fifty dollars per person and consumed at a publicly noticed legislative reception to which all members of the General Assembly are invited and which is hosted not more than once in any calendar year by a lobbyist or business organization. For the purposes of such limit, (i) a reception hosted by a lobbyist who is an individual shall be deemed to have also been hosted by the business organization which he owns or is employed by, and (ii) a reception hosted by a business organization shall be deemed to have also been hosted by all owners and employees of the business organization who are lobbyists. In making the calculation for the purposes of such fifty-dollar limit, the donor shall divide the amount spent on food and beverage by the number of persons whom the donor reasonably expects to attend the reception;

(K) Food or beverage or both, costing less than fifty dollars per person and consumed at a publicly noticed reception to which all members of the General Assembly from a region of the state are invited and which is hosted not more than once in any calendar year by a lobbyist or business organization. For the purposes of such limit, (i) a reception hosted by a lobbyist who is an individual shall be deemed to have also been hosted by the business organization which he owns or is employed by, and (ii) a reception hosted by a business organization shall be deemed to have also been hosted by all owners and employees of the business organization who are lobbyists. In making the calculation for the purposes of such fifty-dollar limit, the donor shall divide the amount spent on food and beverage by the number of persons whom the donor reasonably expects to attend the reception. As used in this subparagraph, “region of the state” means the established geographic service area of the organization hosting the reception;

(L) A gift, including, but not limited to, food or beverage or both, provided by an individual for the celebration of a major life event, provided any such gift provided by an individual who is not a member of the family of the recipient does not exceed one thousand dollars in value;

(M) Gifts costing less than one hundred dollars in the aggregate or food or beverage provided at a hospitality suite at a meeting or conference of an interstate legislative association, by a person who is not a registrant or is not doing business with the state of Connecticut;

(N) Admission to a charitable or civic event, including food and beverage provided at such event, but excluding lodging or travel expenses, at which a public official or state employee participates in his or her official capacity, provided such admission is provided by the primary sponsoring entity;

(O) Anything of value provided by an employer of (i) a public official, (ii) a state employee, or (iii) a spouse of a public official or state employee, to such official, employee or spouse, provided such benefits are customarily and ordinarily provided to others in similar circumstances;

(P) Anything having a value of not more than ten dollars, provided the aggregate value of all things provided by a donor to a recipient under this subdivision in any calendar year does not exceed fifty dollars; or

(Q) Training that is provided by a vendor for a product purchased by a state or quasi-public agency that is offered to all customers of such vendor.

(8) “Immediate family” means any spouse, dependent children or dependent relatives who reside in the individual's household.

(9) “Individual” means a natural person.

(10) “Legislative action” means introduction, sponsorship, consideration, debate, amendment, passage, defeat, approval, veto, overriding of a veto or any other official action or nonaction with regard to any bill, resolution, amendment, nomination, appointment, report, or any other matter pending or proposed in a committee or in either house of the legislature, or any matter that is within the official jurisdiction or cognizance of the legislature.

(11) “Lobbying” means communicating directly or soliciting others to communicate with any official or his staff in the legislative or executive branch of government or in a quasi-public agency, for the purpose of influencing any legislative or administrative action except that the term “lobbying” does not include (A) communications by or on behalf of a party to, or an intervenor in, a contested case, as described in regulations adopted by the Office of State Ethics in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, before an executive agency or a quasi-public agency, (B) communications by a representative of a vendor or by an employee of the registered client lobbyist which representative or employee acts as a salesperson and does not otherwise engage in lobbying regarding any administrative action, (C) communications by an attorney made while engaging in the practice of law and regarding any matter other than legislative action as defined in subdivision (10) of this section or the proposal, drafting, development, consideration, amendment, adoption or repeal of any rule or regulation, or (D) other communications exempted by regulations adopted by the Office of State Ethics in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54.

(12) “Lobbyist” means a person who in lobbying and in furtherance of lobbying makes or agrees to make expenditures, or receives or agrees to receive compensation, reimbursement, or both, and such compensation, reimbursement or expenditures are three thousand dollars or more in any calendar year or the combined amount thereof is three thousand dollars or more in any such calendar year. “Lobbyist” does not include:

(A) A public official, employee of a branch of state government or a subdivision thereof, including an official or employee of a quasi-public agency, or elected or appointed official of a municipality or his or her designee other than an independent contractor, who is acting within the scope of his or her authority or employment;

(B) A publisher, owner or an employee of the press, radio or television while disseminating news or editorial comment to the general public in the ordinary course of business;

(C) An individual representing himself or herself or another person before the legislature or a state agency other than for the purpose of influencing legislative or administrative action;

(D) Any individual or employee who receives no compensation or reimbursement specifically for lobbying and who limits his activities solely to formal appearances to give testimony before public sessions of committees of the General Assembly or public hearings of state agencies and who, if he or she testifies, registers his or her appearance in the records of such committees or agencies;

(E) A member of an advisory board acting within the scope of his or her appointment;

(F) A senator or representative in Congress acting within the scope of his or her office;

(G) Any person who receives no compensation or reimbursement specifically for lobbying and who spends no more than five hours in furtherance of lobbying unless such person (i) exclusive of salary, receives compensation or makes expenditures, or both, of three thousand dollars or more in any calendar year for lobbying or the combined amount thereof is three thousand dollars or more in any such calendar year, or (ii) expends fifty dollars or more for the benefit of a public official in the legislative or executive branch, a member of his or her staff or immediate family;

(H) A communicator lobbyist who receives or agrees to receive compensation, reimbursement, or both, the aggregate amount of which is less than three thousand dollars from each client in any calendar year.

(13) “Member of an advisory board” means any person appointed by a public official as an advisor or consultant or member of a committee, commission or council established to advise, recommend or consult with a public official or branch of government or committee thereof and who receives no public funds other than per diem payments or reimbursement for his or her actual and necessary expenses incurred in the performance of his or her official duties and who has no authority to expend any public funds or to exercise the power of the state.

(14) “Person” means an individual, a business, corporation, limited liability company, union, association, firm, partnership, committee, club or other organization or group of persons.

(15) “Political contribution” has the same meaning as in section 9-601a except that for purposes of this part, the provisions of subsection (b) of said section shall not apply.

(16) “Public official” means any state-wide elected state officer or officer-elect, any member or member-elect of the General Assembly, any person appointed to any office of the legislative, judicial or executive branch of state government by the Governor, with or without the advice and consent of the General Assembly, the spouse of the Governor and any person appointed or elected by the General Assembly or any member of either house thereof; but does not include a member of an advisory board or a senator or representative in Congress.

(17) “Registrant” means a person who is required to register pursuant to section 1-94 .

(18) “Reimbursement” means any money or thing of value received or to be received in the form of payment for expenses as a lobbyist, not including compensation.

(19) “State employee” means any employee in the executive, judicial or legislative branch of state government, whether in the classified or unclassified service and whether full or part-time.

(20) “Business organization” means a sole proprietorship, corporation, limited liability company, association, firm or partnership, other than a client lobbyist, that is owned by, or employs one or more individual lobbyists.

(21) “Client lobbyist” means a lobbyist on behalf of whom lobbying takes place and who makes expenditures for lobbying and in furtherance of lobbying.

(22) “Communicator lobbyist” means a lobbyist who communicates directly or solicits others to communicate with an official or the official's staff in the legislative or executive branch of government or in a quasi-public agency for the purpose of influencing legislative or administrative action.

(23) “State agency” means any office, department, board, council, commission, institution, constituent unit of the state system of higher education, technical education and career school or other agency in the executive, legislative or judicial branch of state government.

(24) “Quasi-public agency” has the same meaning as provided in section 1-120 .

See Sec. 1-79a re calculation of dollar limit on gifts.

See Sec. 1-101aa re provider participation in informal committees, task forces and work groups of certain state agencies not deemed to be lobbying.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-275 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 15 / Section 1-275
Sec. 1-275. Effect of change or error.
Status: in_force

(1) If the parties have agreed to use a security procedure to detect changes or errors and one party has conformed to the procedure, but the other party has not, and the nonconforming party would have detected the change or error had that party also conformed, the conforming party may avoid the effect of the changed or erroneous electronic record.

(2) In an automated transaction involving an individual, the individual may avoid the effect of an electronic record that resulted from an error made by the individual in dealing with the electronic agent of another person if the electronic agent did not provide an opportunity for the prevention or correction of the error and, at the time the individual learns of the error, the individual:

(A) Promptly notifies the other person of the error and that the individual did not intend to be bound by the electronic record received by the other person;

(B) Takes reasonable steps, including steps that conform to the other person's reasonable instructions, to return to the other person or, if instructed by the other person, to destroy the consideration received, if any, as a result of the erroneous electronic record; and

(C) Has not used or received any benefit or value from the consideration, if any, received from the other person.

(3) If neither subdivision (1) nor (2) of this section applies, the change or error shall have the effect provided by other applicable law, including the law of mistake, and the parties' contract, if any.

(4) Subdivisions (2) and (3) of this section may not be varied by agreement.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-217 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 14 / Section 1-217
Sec. 1-217. (Formerly Sec. 1-20f). Nondisclosure of residential addresses of certain individuals. Written request for nondisclosure. Redaction. Exceptions. Liability of public agency, public official or employee for violation. Hearing. Penalty.
Status: in_force

(1) A federal court judge, federal court magistrate, judge of the Superior Court, Appellate Court or Supreme Court of the state, or family support magistrate;

(2) A sworn member of a municipal police department, a sworn member of the Division of State Police within the Department of Emergency Services and Public Protection or a sworn law enforcement officer within the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection;

(3) An employee of the Department of Correction;

(4) An attorney-at-law who represents or has represented the state in a criminal prosecution;

(5) An attorney-at-law who is or has been employed by the Division of Public Defender Services or a social worker who is employed by the Division of Public Defender Services;

(6) An inspector employed by the Division of Criminal Justice;

(7) A firefighter;

(8) An employee of the Department of Children and Families;

(9) A member or employee of the Board of Pardons and Paroles;

(10) An employee of the judicial branch;

(11) An employee of the Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services who provides direct care to patients;

(12) A member or employee of the Commission on Human Rights and Opportunities; or

(13) A state marshal appointed by the State Marshal Commission pursuant to section 6-38b .

(b) The business address of any person described in this section, and the address of each town hall, city hall or other municipal building in which the office of the registrars of voters of a municipality is located, shall be subject to disclosure under section 1-210 . The provisions of this section shall not apply to Department of Motor Vehicles records described in section 14-10 .

(c) (1) Except as provided in subsections (a) and (e) of this section, no public agency may disclose the residential address of any person listed in subsection (a) of this section from any record described in subdivision (2) of this subsection that is requested in accordance with the provisions of said subdivision, regardless of whether such person is an employee of the public agency, provided such person has (A) submitted a written request for the nondisclosure of the person's residential address to the public agency, and (B) furnished his or her business address to the public agency.

(2) Any public agency that receives a request for a record subject to disclosure under this chapter where such request (A) specifically names a person who has requested that his or her address be kept confidential under subdivision (1) of this subsection, shall make a copy of the record requested to be disclosed and shall redact the copy to remove such person's residential address prior to disclosing such record, (B) is for an existing list that is derived from a readily accessible electronic database, shall make a reasonable effort to redact the residential address of any person who has requested that his or her address be kept confidential under subdivision (1) of this subsection prior to the release of such list, or (C) is for any list that the public agency voluntarily creates in response to a request for disclosure, shall make a reasonable effort to redact the residential address of any person who has requested that his or her address be kept confidential under subdivision (1) of this subsection prior to the release of such list.

(3) Except as provided in subsection (a) of this section, an agency shall not be prohibited from disclosing the residential address of any person listed in subsection (a) of this section from any record other than the records described in subparagraphs (A) to (C), inclusive, of subdivision (2) of this subsection.

(d) (1) Except as provided in subsections (a) and (e) of this section and subject to the provisions of subdivisions (2) and (3) of this subsection, no public agency of a municipality may disclose, under the Freedom of Information Act, from a public record, including any record described in subdivision (2) of subsection (c) of this section, the residential address of any person who is a municipal clerk, registrar of voters, deputy registrar of voters, election official described in section 9-258 , primary official described in section 9-436 or audit official described in section 9-320f , regardless of whether such person is an employee of the public agency, provided such person has (A) submitted to the municipality a written request for the nondisclosure of the person's residential address, and (B) furnished to the municipality (i) his or her business address, or (ii) if such person does not have a business address, the address of the town hall, city hall or other municipal building in which the office of the registrars of voters of such municipality is located.

(2) (A) If a person submits a written request described in subdivision (1) of this subsection prior to the ninetieth day preceding an election, the prohibition in said subdivision against disclosing such person's residential address shall take effect on the ninetieth day preceding such election and shall expire on the ninetieth day following such election.

(B) If a person submits a written request described in subdivision (1) of this subsection on or after the ninetieth day preceding an election, the prohibition in said subdivision against disclosing such person's residential address shall take effect upon such submission and shall expire on the ninetieth day following such election.

(3) The provisions of this subsection shall not be construed to prohibit the disclosure of the residential address of any person described in subdivision (1) of this subsection in the case where such residential address appears on a public record by virtue of such person holding any elective or appointive state or municipal office other than municipal clerk, registrar of voters or deputy registrar of voters.

(e) The provisions of this section shall not be construed to prohibit the disclosure without redaction of any document, as defined in section 7-35bb , any list prepared under title 9, or any list published under section 12-55 .

(f) No public agency or public official or employee of a public agency shall be penalized for violating a provision of this section, unless such violation is wilful and knowing. Any complaint of such a violation shall be made to the Freedom of Information Commission. Upon receipt of such a complaint, the commission shall serve upon the public agency, official or employee, as the case may be, by certified or registered mail, a copy of the complaint. The commission shall provide the public agency, official or employee with an opportunity to be heard at a hearing conducted in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, unless the commission, upon motion of the public agency, official or employee or upon motion of the commission, dismisses the complaint without a hearing if it finds, after examining the complaint and construing all allegations most favorably to the complainant, that the public agency, official or employee has not wilfully and knowingly violated a provision of this section. If the commission finds that the public agency, official or employee wilfully and knowingly violated a provision of this section, the commission may impose against such public agency, official or employee a civil penalty of not less than twenty dollars nor more than one thousand dollars. Nothing in this section shall be construed to allow a private right of action against a public agency, public official or employee of a public agency.

Subsec. (a) applies to motor vehicle grand lists and any component data provided pursuant to Sec. 14-163 and therefore, a town assessor must not disclose the home addresses of the designated public officials and employees when making a grand list and its component data available for public inspection, despite the lack of an explicit exception in Sec. 12-55. 301 C. 323.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-281 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 15 / Section 1-281
Sec. 1-281. Transferable records.
Status: in_force

(1) Would be a note under article 3 of title 42a, or other similar law, or a document under article 7 of title 42a, or other similar law, if the electronic record were in writing; and

(2) The issuer of the electronic record expressly has agreed is a transferable record.

(b) A person has control of a transferable record if a system employed for evidencing the transfer of interests in the transferable record reliably establishes such person as the person to which the transferable record was issued or transferred.

(c) A system satisfies subsection (b) of this section, and a person is deemed to have control of a transferable record, if the transferable record is created, stored and assigned in such a manner that:

(1) A single authoritative copy of the transferable record exists that is unique, identifiable and, except as otherwise provided in subdivisions (4), (5) and (6) of this subsection, unalterable;

(2) The authoritative copy identifies the person asserting control as:

(A) The person to which the transferable record was issued; or

(B) If the authoritative copy indicates that the transferable record has been transferred, the person to which the transferable record was most recently transferred;

(3) The authoritative copy is communicated to and maintained by the person asserting control or such person's designated custodian;

(4) Copies or revisions that add or change an identified assignee of the authoritative copy can be made only with the consent of the person asserting control;

(5) Each copy of the authoritative copy, and any copy of a copy, is readily identifiable as a copy that is not the authoritative copy; and

(6) Any revision of the authoritative copy is readily identifiable as authorized or unauthorized.

(d) Except as otherwise agreed, a person having control of a transferable record is the holder, as defined in subdivision (21) of subsection (b) of section 42a-1-201 , or other similar law, of the transferable record and has the same rights and defenses as a holder of an equivalent record or writing under the Uniform Commercial Code, or other similar law, including, if the applicable statutory requirements under subsection (a) of section 42a-3-302 or section 42a-7-501 or 42a-9-308 , or other similar law, are satisfied, the rights and defenses of a holder in due course, a holder to which a negotiable document of title has been duly negotiated or a purchaser, respectively. Delivery, possession and endorsement are not required to obtain or exercise any of the rights under this subsection.

(e) Except as otherwise agreed, an obligor under a transferable record has the same rights and defenses as an equivalent obligor under equivalent records or writings under the Uniform Commercial Code, or other similar law.

(f) If requested by a person against which enforcement is sought, the person seeking to enforce the transferable record shall provide reasonable proof that the person seeking enforcement is in control of the transferable record. Such proof may include access to the authoritative copy of the transferable record and related business records sufficient to review the terms of the transferable record and to establish the identity of the person having control of the transferable record.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-90a — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 10 / Section 1-90a
Sec. 1-90a. Exemption re student public official or state employee of a public institution of higher education. Policies and procedures re standards of student conduct.
Status: in_force

(b) Each public institution of higher education shall submit a written copy of its policies and procedures concerning standards of student conduct to the Citizen's Ethics Advisory Board for approval. Such policies and procedures shall be submitted triennially, except that, in the event there is a significant revision of such standards of student conduct, the public institution of higher education shall submit such revision to the board not later than thirty days after adopting such revision.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-351l — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 15c / Section 1-351l
Sec. 1-351l. General authority with respect to personal and family maintenance.
Status: in_force

(1) Perform the acts necessary to maintain the customary standard of living of the principal, the principal's spouse and the following other individuals, whether living when the power of attorney is executed or later born:

(A) The principal's children whom the principal is legally obligated to support;

(B) Other individuals legally entitled to be supported by the principal; and

(C) The individuals whom the principal has customarily supported or indicated the intent to support;

(2) Make periodic payments of child support and other family maintenance required by a court or governmental agency or an agreement to which the principal is a party;

(3) Provide living quarters for the individuals described in subdivision (1) of this subsection by:

(A) Purchase, lease or other contract; or

(B) Paying the operating costs, including interest, amortization payments, repairs, improvements and taxes, for premises owned by the principal or occupied by the individuals described in subdivision (1) of this subsection;

(4) Provide normal domestic help, usual vacations and travel expenses and funds for shelter, clothing, food, appropriate education, including post secondary and vocational education and other current living costs for the individuals described in subdivision (1) of this subsection;

(5) Pay expenses for necessary health care and custodial care on behalf of the individuals described in subdivision (1) of this subsection;

(6) Act as the principal's personal representative pursuant to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, Sections 1171 to 1179, inclusive, of the Social Security Act, 42 USC 1320d, as amended from time to time, and applicable federal regulations, in making decisions related to the past, present or future payment for the provision of health care consented to by the principal or anyone authorized under the law of this state to consent to health care on behalf of the principal;

(7) Continue any provision made by the principal for automobiles or other means of transportation, including registering, licensing, insuring and replacing such automobiles or other means of transportation, for the individuals described in subdivision (1) of this subsection;

(8) Maintain credit and debit accounts for the convenience of the individuals described in subdivision (1) of this subsection and open new accounts;

(9) Continue payments incidental to the membership or affiliation of the principal in a religious institution, club, society, order or other organization or continue contributions to those organizations; and

(10) Execute a written document in advance of the principal's death, in accordance with section 45a-318 , directing the disposition of the principal's body upon the death of the principal or designating an individual to have custody and control of the disposition of the principal's body upon the death of the principal. Such written document may also designate another individual as an alternate to the individual designated to have custody and control of the disposition of the principal's body upon the death of the principal. Such disposition shall include, but not be limited to, cremation, incineration, disposition of cremains, burial, method of interment, alkaline hydrolysis and cryogenic preservation.

(b) Authority with respect to personal and family maintenance is neither dependent upon, nor limited by, authority that an agent may or may not have with respect to gifts under sections 1-350 to 1-353b , inclusive.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-365 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 15c / Section 1-365
Sec. 1-365. Obligation to accept substitute decision-making document.
Status: in_force

(b) A person who is asked to accept a substitute decision-making document is not required to accept the document if:

(1) The person otherwise would not be required in the same circumstances to act if requested by the individual who executed the document;

(2) The person has actual knowledge of the termination of the decision maker's authority or the document;

(3) The person's request under subsection (b) of section 1-364 for the decision maker's assertion of fact, a translation or an opinion of counsel is refused;

(4) The person in good faith believes that the document is not valid or the decision maker does not have the authority to request a particular transaction or action; or

(5) The person makes, or has actual knowledge that another person has made, a report to an agency responsible for investigating allegations of abuse, neglect, exploitation or abandonment stating a belief that the individual for whom a decision will be made may be subject to abuse, neglect, exploitation or abandonment by the decision maker or a person acting for or with the decision maker.

(c) A person who refuses to accept a substitute decision-making document in violation of this section is subject to:

(1) A court order mandating acceptance of the document; and

(2) Liability for reasonable attorney's fees and costs incurred in an action or proceeding that mandates acceptance of the document.