Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13a-138 — Connecticut Code / Title 13a / Chapter 238 / Section 13a-138
Sec. 13a-138. Highways may be drained into private lands.
Status: in_force

(b) Nothing in this section shall be so construed as to allow the drainage of water from such highways into, upon, through or under the yard of any dwelling house, or into or upon yards and enclosures used exclusively for the storage and sale of goods and merchandise.

Municipalities are not liable for damage from draining water from highways onto private lands within statutory restrictions. 54 C. 520. Section not applicable to draining water off private land. 64 C. 375. Section does not prohibit grading of street so that surface water runs into dooryard. 73 C. 35. Meaning of “dooryard”. 74 C. 321. Constitutionality of statute quaere. Id.; 79 C. 91. Does not apply where draining on land can be avoided by reasonable expense. Id. Scope limited. 81 C. 392. Section, as in derogation of private rights, to be strictly construed. 112 C. 568. Cited. 120 C. 551. Does not imply consent on part of state to be sued. 146 C. 316. Drainage easement not created in state in any particular land so as to constitute breach of covenant against encumbrances. 151 C. 183. Cited. 189 C. 740; 217 C. 520.

Cited. 6 CA 229. 15-year limitation period of Sec. 13a-138a applies to both Subsecs. (a) and (b); to construe otherwise would yield an unworkable result. 110 CA 591.

Town liable where it did not drain so as to do least damage to land. 3 CS 404. Proviso construed. 5 CS 487. Unnecessary discharge of surface water from state highway. 6 CS 485. No right of recovery where highway commissioner has neither drained water onto nor opened or cleared any watercourse on plaintiff's land. 20 CS 142. Cited. 29 CS 499.

Subsec. (a):

Clear and unambiguous language that drainage “shall be done in such way as to do the least damage to such land” does not provide for a balancing test that weighs the least damage against the least expense and other considerations claimed by defendant town. 49 CA 781.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13a-175i — Connecticut Code / Title 13a / Chapter 240 / Section 13a-175i
Sec. 13a-175i. Additional appropriations.
Status: in_force

(b) For the fiscal year commencing July 1, 1986, and each fiscal year thereafter, each town shall receive an additional sum equal to forty-seven and nine-tenths per cent of the total amount of funds distributed to such town pursuant to sections 13a-175a , 13a-175b and 13a-175d and subsection (a) of this section, provided the amount of each such additional sum shall be reduced proportionately in the event that the total of all such sums exceeds the amount appropriated for the purposes of subsection (a) of this section.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13b-38dd — Connecticut Code / Title 13b / Chapter 242 / Section 13b-38dd
Sec. 13b-38dd. Zero-emissions buses implementation plan. Collaborative efforts re hydrogen fuel and renewable energy sources strategies. Hydrogen refueling stations. Funding plans.
Status: in_force

(b) Said plan shall be completed and submitted to the joint standing committees of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to energy, environment and transportation not later than December 31, 2010, subject to the availability of study funds from readily available and already appropriated sources of funding.

(c) Such hydrogen refueling stations identified in the plan shall provide fuel for zero emissions vehicles at appropriate pressures and volumes identified by Connecticut Center for Advanced Technology, Inc. The study shall consider technologies for generating hydrogen which will use products principally manufactured and assembled in the state.

(d) The plan shall also examine appropriate available funding from the state or federal government for purchasing zero-emissions buses and constructing any recommended hydrogen fueling facilities from funds designated for the purpose of encouraging clean fuel or alternative fuel use. Any funding plans developed within the study for the establishment of zero-emissions bus fleets and hydrogen refueling corridors or centralized fueling facilities shall be provided in a manner to encourage federal and private cost sharing.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13b-117 — Connecticut Code / Title 13b / Chapter 244c / Section 13b-117
Sec. 13b-117. Registration of transportation network company. Penalty.
Status: in_force

(b) The commissioner may suspend, revoke or refuse to renew a registration issued pursuant to this subsection if the commissioner determines the transportation network company intentionally: (1) Misled, deceived or defrauded the public or the commissioner; (2) engaged in any untruthful or misleading advertising; (3) engaged in unfair or deceptive business practices; or (4) violated any provision of this section and sections 13b-118 to 13b-120 , inclusive, or any regulations adopted pursuant to subsection (j) of section 13b-118 . Prior to the suspension, revocation or nonrenewal of the registration, the transportation network company shall be given notice and an opportunity for a hearing. Such hearing shall be held in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54. Any transportation network company whose registration has been suspended may, after ninety days, apply to the commissioner to have such registration reinstated.

(c) Any transportation network company that operates in this state without a valid registration or when such registration has been suspended shall be fined not more than fifty thousand dollars.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13b-20j — Connecticut Code / Title 13b / Chapter 242 / Section 13b-20j
Sec. 13b-20j. Procedure for selection of consultants. Memorandum re application of evaluation criteria.
Status: in_force

(b) A selection panel shall proceed to furnish a list of the most qualified consultant firms to the commissioner, or the names of all the consultant firms responding if fewer than five respond. A panel shall prepare a memorandum of the selection process, indicating how the evaluation criteria were applied to determine the most qualified firms, which shall be available to the public after execution of the contract with the selected consultant. The commissioner shall select a consultant from among the list of firms submitted by a selection panel. After the commissioner has made his selection, the names of the consultant firms submitted to the commissioner shall be available to the public upon request. The commissioner shall also prepare a memorandum of the final phase of the selection process, indicating how he applied the evaluation criteria to determine the most qualified firm. Such memorandum shall be available to the public after execution of the contract with the selected consultant.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13b-55c — Connecticut Code / Title 13b / Chapter 242 / Section 13b-55c
Sec. 13b-55c. Priority ranking for certified clean marinas.
Status: in_force

(b) An eligible project proposed by a certified clean marina shall receive priority ranking for grants-in-aid awarded pursuant to section 13b-55a or 13b-57 and shall qualify for an additional grant under either of said sections in an amount equal to ten per cent of the costs of the project.

(c) A certified clean marina shall remain eligible for priority ranking pursuant to subsection (b) of this section for up to five years after July 1, 2013, or the date of such marina's most recent certification, whichever is later.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13b-36 — Connecticut Code / Title 13b / Chapter 242 / Section 13b-36
Sec. 13b-36. Acquisition of land, buildings, equipment or facilities; right of first refusal of railroad properties and facilities, when.
Status: in_force

(b) The commissioner may sell, lease, convey or enter into any other arrangement for the use of such property for the operation of transportation services, or for such other purposes as the commissioner determines to be consistent with the best interests of the state.

(c) Any company or corporation which conducts or has conducted rail operations in the state shall not, except as provided for in this subsection, sell, lease, transfer or otherwise dispose of any railroad properties and related facilities within the state that are abandoned, inactive or currently being used for railroad purposes to any party, without first offering such properties and facilities for sale to the Commissioner of Transportation. This provision shall not apply to any rail related facility that is to be replaced as a result of a rehabilitation program or emergency or routine maintenance programs. Such offer shall be made in writing and shall be sent by certified mail to the Commissioner of Transportation. Such offer shall include a map and description of the subject properties or facilities, the price, if available, for such properties or facilities, a description of the present or past railroad use of the subject property or facilities, and any other terms or conditions said company or corporation proposes to include as part of such sale. The commissioner, upon receipt of such offer, shall within forty-five days notify said company or corporation, in writing by certified mail, whether he is interested in acquiring the subject properties or facilities. Within one hundred thirty-five days of such written notice, the commissioner shall notify said company or corporation in writing by certified mail that he shall acquire such properties or facilities or that he shall not accept such offer and shall not acquire such properties or facilities. In no event shall said company or corporation offer to sell any railroad properties or related facilities which were the subject of negotiations between the commissioner and said company or corporation to any other party on terms more favorable to said party than the final terms offered to the commissioner during negotiations. Nothing in this section shall be construed to prevent a railroad company from transferring rail facilities within its own system or from selling, leasing or transferring or otherwise disposing of railroad properties or related facilities currently in use to another party provided that in no event shall the sale, lease, transfer or other disposition of such properties or facilities result in the discontinuance of existing rail service in the state. For the purposes of this section, the terms railroad properties and related facilities shall mean all the land, structures, buildings, rails, ties, ballast, signals and materials that have been or are used for rail transportation purposes and that are located either within the right-of-way as defined by railroad valuation maps or other suitable maps or abutting such right-of-way.

Subsec. (a):

Cited. 209 C. 480. The term “facilities” does not include intangible operating rights, such as a government issued certificate permitting a bus company the right to operate over a given route, and section does not permit commissioner to take intangible operating rights by eminent domain. 324 C. 39.

A proceeding to reassess damages in connection with the condemnation of real property interests by state pursuant to Sec. 13a-76 did not affect title to real property because the proceeding did not have an influence on or bring about a change in the ownership of the properties. 121 CA 13.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13a-82 — Connecticut Code / Title 13a / Chapter 238 / Section 13a-82
Sec. 13a-82. Damages or benefits by change of grade of municipal highway. Lien.
Status: in_force

Railroad company legally changing grade of street liable for actual damage to landowner. 22 C. 74. Damages paid by city for land taken for street include damages from grading. 44 C. 252; 47 C. 314. Municipality might (before statute) change grade of street without liability for necessary damage to adjoining owners. Id., 313. City liable by statute for damage from change of grade, and, neglecting to ascertain damage by statutory method, is liable to action at law. 49 C. 398. Adjoining owner acquires by use no right to basement steps in sidewalk, and recovers no damage for changed grade of sidewalk making them useless. 61 C. 522. Adjoining owner may recover value of sidewalk destroyed by change of grade. 62 C. 456; 63 C. 426. When town changes grade without notice, adjoining owner may have action at law. Id.; 104 C. 453. Selectmen may submit to arbitration damage to adjoining owner from change of grade. 64 C. 88. What is to be considered in fixing damage from change of grade. 66 C. 320, 413; 71 C. 652; 73 C. 359; 76 C. 278; 85 C. 255; 89 C. 343. What constitutes “grade” and “change of grade”; 66 C. 335; 71 C. 652; 76 C. 278; Id., 700; in part of highway. 89 C. 347. Adjoining landowner cannot maintain action at law for damage from change of grade until municipality has failed to perform duty to ascertain damage in statutory manner. 68 C. 72; 73 C. 348. Change of grade not a taking of land. 68 C. 72; 72 C. 275; 77 C. 438. Change of grade in sidewalk. 71 C. 652; 94 C. 154. Adjoining owner may recover damage from change of grade probable when he built. 71 C. 652. City liable for damages from change of grade made under order of railroad commissioners. 72 C. 283. Damages measured by diminution in value of party's land, regardless of the quantity of his interest. Id., 292. No liability at common law. 73 C. 37. Liability of town under Good Roads Act. 75 C. 192. Purchase of land after change ordered does not preclude right to damages. 76 C. 278. Determination of special benefits; what they are. Id.; 85 C. 255; 89 C. 343. Removal of grade crossing not change of grade. 77 C. 494. Change of grade of highway in 1896 does not prevent recovery for change of grade of sidewalk in 1914 to conform to street grade. 94 C. 154. Life tenant and remainderman each has separate interests and may sue separately or join as parties plaintiff. 104 C. 458. Except as modified by statute, there is no liability upon a municipality for changes in surface of land taken for highway purposes. 113 C. 659. Where grade changed, damages are recoverable for destruction of shade trees within highway limits; but not where no material change of grade. 115 C. 611. Property owner entitled to recover only excess of damages suffered above amount of special benefits actually received. Id., 629. Cited. 117 C. 501. The general rule that damages can be awarded for future changes in use of land taken for a highway is qualified so far as statute permits recovery for subsequent changes of grade when they are made. 127 C. 459.

Town, not state, liable for special damages resulting from change of grade. 8 CS 447; 11 CS 391. Cited. Id., 429.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13a-149 — Connecticut Code / Title 13a / Chapter 238 / Section 13a-149
Sec. 13a-149. Damages for injuries by means of defective roads and bridges.
Status: reserved

See Sec. 7-163a re municipal liability for ice and snow on public sidewalks.

See Sec. 7-308 re municipalities' assumption of liability for damages caused by firemen.

Defects in bridges. 1 R. 270; Id., 448; 2 R. 436. Liability of turnpike company. 7 C. 86. No liability for consequential damage. 17 C. 475; 66 C. 360. Where turnpike company has been dissolved. 18 C. 32. Action for death due to highway defect survives; not a penal statute within meaning of Sec. 52-599. 22 C. 80. Allegation of injury to person and property joinable in one count; plaintiff's use of defective materials in himself repairing bridge. Id., 290. Plaintiff may prove his peril and danger to enhance his damages. Id.; 27 C. 300. Burden of proof. 24 C. 491. Basis of damages; when punitive allowed. Id.; 47 C. 74. No liability for secret defects. 27 C. 300. Extent of protection required; degree of care. Id.; 78 C. 396; 79 C. 385; 80 C. 291; 82 C. 530. Sidewalks. 30 C. 118; 40 C. 377; Id., 406; Id., 456; 78 C. 396; 79 C. 44. Knowledge question of fact. 30 C. 118; 94 C. 693; 104 C. 94. Objects calculated to frighten horses. 30 C. 129; 39 C. 381; Id., 435. Highways by dedication. 31 C. 308; 72 C. 231; 73 C. 359; Id., 576; 74 C. 360. Admissibility of evidence that others safely crossed sidewalk. 33 C. 57; 89 C. 24. Injury from branch of tree falling in road not recoverable; 34 C. 9; 85 C. 128; so from weight falling from flagpole. 34 C. 136. Duty to give warning of dangerous conditions. 36 C. 320; 37 C. 298; 67 C. 428; 69 C. 103; 70 C. 122. Whether defect exists is question of fact. 37 C. 414; 118 C. 288; 128 C. 272. Ice on sidewalks. 37 C. 615; 44 C. 117; 51 C. 412; 104 C. 85. When knowledge of defect presumed. 39 C. 228; 40 C. 375; 72 C. 672; 79 C. 385; 89 C. 24; 118 C. 288; 128 C. 272. Failure in duty question of fact. 39 C. 439; 46 C. 218; 67 C. 433; 69 C. 354; 72 C. 680; 75 C. 289; 85 C. 693. Liability of town for defect in borough. 40 C. 205. Accident or negligence of fellow traveler contributing to injury. Id., 238; 71 C. 697; 75 C. 291; 81 C. 241; 86 C. 506; 104 C. 88. Where defendant causes defect. 40 C. 460; 67 C. 434; 98 C. 85. Special damage must be alleged. 43 C. 565. Waiver of notice. 46 C. 61. Abandonment of road by turnpike company. Id., 216. Railroad “structures”. Id., 217; 50 C. 216; 54 C. 589; 74 C. 475. Sufficiency of notice. 46 C. 264; 50 C. 497; 51 C. 421; 53 C. 212; 58 C. 45; 59 C. 219, 225; 63 C. 268; 64 C. 376; 67 C. 437; 72 C. 673; 73 C. 312; 74 C. 437; 81 C. 300; 86 C. 45; 91 C. 181; 92 C. 552; 98 C. 312. Carrying too heavy a load. 47 C. 73; 91 C. 542. Nuisance distinguished. 48 C. 220. Ice and snow on highway. Id., 467; 49 C. 134. Abutting owner not liable for defect in sidewalk. 48 C. 532; 102 C. 401; 108 C. 200. Open basement descent held not a defect in sidewalk. 50 C. 536. Notice in case of railway bound to repair. 54 C. 9; 64 C. 381; 75 C. 693. Liability of borough. 65 C. 311; 77 C. 308. One whose negligence contributes to injury cannot recover. 66 C. 36; 79 C. 42; 82 C. 527; 86 C. 506; 89 C. 24; 98 C. 86; 103 C. 605. One may use highway little traveled. 66 C. 36. Nature of liability. Id., 360; 71 C. 686; 75 C. 291; 84 C. 657; 103 C. 605; 104 C. 88; 108 C. 555. Statutory notice; necessity. 66 C. 387; 81 C. 274; Id., 287. Defect in plan of street. 69 C. 353; 81 C. 67. Amending complaint after hearing in damages. 69 C. 554. Dangerous draw. Id., 651. Knowledge of policeman. 70 C. 115; 94 C. 692; 118 C. 288. Stumbling as excuse. 70 C. 554. Several defects may be alleged in one complaint. 72 C. 667. Reasonable obstructions not defects. 73 C. 199; 75 C. 349; 76 C. 311; 78 C. 145; 82 C. 527; 89 C. 343. Action by town against person causing defect. 74 C. 152; 91 C. 255. Liability of city. 74 C. 360; 80 C. 296; 85 C. 693. Evidence as to damage. 74 C. 475. Duty to provide against results of fright of ordinarily gentle horse. 75 C. 288. Duty to erect fence; Sec. 13a-111 distinguished. Id.; 81 C. 65; 89 C. 24; 105 C. 361. Town not liable where some other party is. 75 C. 693. Historical review of law. Id., 694; 81 C. 68. Statute does not apply to wrongful exclusion from highway. 76 C. 311. Duty extends to highway actually in use. 78 C. 62. Action against both town and railway. 79 C. 379; 103 C. 121. Crosswalks. 79 C. 659. One departing from traveled way for his own convenience cannot recover. 80 C. 154; 91 C. 542. Elements necessary to support recovery. 81 C. 66; 104 C. 87; 108 C. 555. Giving of notice must be alleged in complaint. 81 C. 274; 85 C. 221; 106 C. 62. Purpose of law is protection of travelers. 81 C. 393; 88 C. 151. Illegal act of person injured as debarring remedy. 82 C. 663. Action may lie at common law, and then notice not necessary. 84 C. 349; Id., 654; 94 C. 231. Burden of proof. 86 C. 506. Excavation outside limits of highway. 89 C. 24. Negligence of municipality in allowing minor defect to exist is a question of fact. 92 C. 365. Liability of municipality where alleged defect is caused by negligence of licensee excavating under a permit. Id., 367. Snow and ice on sidewalk. 93 C. 548; Id., 625. Knowledge of city must consist of knowledge of precise defect. Id., 628. Obligation of street railway company operating on trunk line highway. 94 C. 237. Right of town to remove shade tree in highway but outside traveled part. Id., 439. How great a part of width must be kept open for travel; covered tile drain near side of road giving way under weight of motor truck. Id., 538. Limitations of doctrine of no liability for error in plan. Id., 539. Knowledge of defect. Id., 542. Municipality's right of recovery over does not accrue until its liability has been finally adjudicated. Id., 667. Evidence of other accidents to show municipality's knowledge. Id., 693. Contributory negligence in having defective lights on automobile; 10-day notice required where automobile runs into pile of ice and snow. 96 C. 7. Excavation in traveled part of highway; contributory negligence where accident happens in sunlight. 98 C. 84. Whether defect counted on in complaint is same as that described in statutory notice is a question for the court. Id., 314. Platform extending into highway; nuisance. Id., 524. Admissibility of evidence of condition of sidewalk before accident. 104 C. 95. Liability of state for defect in trunk line highway is same as that of town in an ordinary road. 105 C. 359. Embankment 6 feet from traveled part of highway may be a defect. Id., 361. Liability in case of state aid highway. Id., 596. Silent policeman not itself a defect, but may become so if allowed to remain out of position. Id., 694. Tree protruding over traveled part of road. 106 C. 63. Definition of defect in highway. Id.; Id., 380. Fire hose left across sidewalk to guard against rekindling of fire not a defect. Id., 381. Complaint containing allegations showing notice was not given within statutory period is demurrable; whether period for giving notice runs before existence of injury could be known, quaere. Id., 394. Indemnification of city of New Haven by abutting owner under special charter provision. 108 C. 70. Whether shoulders of road are within “traveled portion of highway”, quaere. Id., 196. Abutting owner's liability for nuisance on sidewalk or in proximity thereto; action against both abutting owner and municipality. Id., 200. When act of third party in sanding sidewalk inures to benefit of municipality. Id., 559. Placing of catch basin and cover is a governmental function but if they create condition rendering street not reasonably safe for public travel, they may be defect within statute. 109 C. 324, 327; 118 C. 427. State not liable for defect in sidewalk on side of trunk line highway within town. 109 C. 336. Unsafe wall abutting sidewalk is not defect within statute. Id., 668. Cited. 110 C. 77. Whether notices of injury were served and whether they were intended to be or were misleading to city are questions of fact. 113 C. 145. Cited. 115 C. 385; Id., 716. Duty of city is not to exercise reasonable care to make streets entirely safe, but only to make them reasonably safe. 116 C. 568; 124 C. 284. Notice that decedent fell “upon a sidewalk of a highway known as North Elm Street” is insufficient description. 117 C. 70. Notice failing entirely to state cause of injury is invalid; knowledge of facts by officers of city will not obviate necessity of compliance with statute. Id., 401. Fundamental test is whether defect was sole cause in producing damage; notice of defect may be imputed to city after passage of time. 118 C. 288; 128 C. 272. Defect must be sole and essential cause of injury; if negligence of plaintiff's intestate or of third party is also a proximate cause, no recovery. 118 C. 480; 124 C. 463. Where injury is result of defect combined with accident or natural cause, municipality is liable unless accident or natural cause was so direct and separate as to be sole proximate cause. 119 C. 168. Liability is not based on negligence, but on breach of statutory duty; Sec. 52-114 does not apply. Id., 479; 133 C. 246. City not liable for nuisance where sidewalk on grade became dangerous only when icy and city could do nothing practicable by way of construction to make it more safe. 120 C. 499. Purpose and elements of notice; entire absence of general description of injury is fatal. Id., 577. Cited. 121 C. 613. Notice giving cause as “defective sidewalk”, without describing defect, is sufficient. 123 C. 152. Remedy for injuries caused by snow and ice on sidewalk is against city, not abutting owner. Id., 453. “Do not know full extent of my injuries” is insufficient description. Id., 685. Special law validating defective notice held constitutional. 124 C. 183. What constitutes a defect; small cavity at edge of walk not. Id., 283. Cited. Id., 677. Statute affords exclusive remedy for defects due to neglect rather than positive act of municipality, whether or not defect is a nuisance; apart from statute, municipality is liable for condition it created by positive act on highway amounting to nuisance. 126 C. 402; 131 C. 691; 133 C. 245. 60-day notice held not a condition precedent where action was based on negligence of railroad company at common law in permitting dangerous condition on bridge. 126 C. 558. “Got hurt” is insufficient description. 127 C. 711. Hidden defect; constructive notice and duty of city to inspect. 128 C. 464. Failure to warn or safeguard against danger from flagstone upheaved by hurricane constituted violation of statutory duty, when city had ample means and opportunity. Id., 483. Cited. Id., 710; 129 C. 259. Jury to say if municipality should make fence sufficient to guard against skidding; effect on duty of city of failure of railway company to make rails safe. Id., 699. Town has no duty to keep in repair shoulders of state highway used by public as footpath. 130 C. 84. Section applies to highway by dedication; common convenience and necessity with respect to establishment of highway reviewed. Id., 298. Where plaintiff slipped on ice which had filled up long-existing defect, city not liable on ground defect was cause of plaintiff's fall. Id., 410; 131 C. 239. Municipality not liable for negligence in performing function of construction and maintenance, but for defective condition which is proximate cause of injury; length of time defect in sidewalk must have existed in order to charge municipality with notice is question of fact. Id. Notice alleging “bruises on other parts of legs and body” inaccurate, but not a total failure of description preventing recovery for fracture of spine. Id., 430. Cited. 132 C. 395. City not liable where maintenance of nuisance by or negligence of another is a proximate cause of injury which concurred with sidewalk defect to bring it about. 134 C. 89. Duty of plaintiff to recite statutory notice given in complaint or to annex it thereto. Id., 569. Defect not too slight as matter of law to justify an award of damages; where hole was made and maintained by state, failure of city to repair was not sole proximate cause. Id., 686. Bottle of syrup on walk for 45 minutes does not warrant finding of constructive notice. Id., 694. Whether a condition of highway constitutes defect must be determined in each case upon the basis of its particular circumstances. 135 C. 469. From photographs of raised flagstone in sidewalk and other evidence, jury might reasonably have found that defendant had notice of defect. Id., 473. Elapsed time insufficient as a matter of law to sustain a finding of constructive notice and an opportunity of remedying the condition. Id., 484. Sidewalk within boundaries of state highway; where there was no finding that sidewalk was constructed by state it was held that, as between town and state, the town was liable for plaintiff's injuries. Id., 619. When city assumes control of sidewalks, it must exercise reasonable care to keep them in a reasonably safe condition. 136 C. 553. Cited. 137 C. 288. Statute is designed to protect travelers only; provides no right of recovery to an abutting landowner for damage from a defective highway. 138 C. 116. Cited. Id., 367; 139 C. 256; 140 C. 279. Constructive notice. 141 C. 126. Cited. 144 C. 282. Breach of duty on part of municipality must be shown. Id., 739. Special act of legislature validating notice given municipality does not constitute breach of cooperation clause in insurance policy by municipality. 145 C. 368. Unlike most negligence actions, plaintiff has burden of proving due care for action brought under statute. 147 C. 149. If certain portions of street are devoted to purpose other than travel, travelers leaving way provided for them and attempting to cross such reserved portions may not assume such portions are free from danger or unusual conditions. 148 C. 349. Ordinarily, the length of time a defect in a sidewalk must exist in order to charge a municipality with notice of its existence is a question of fact; defect must have existed for such a length of time that the city was charged with notice of it and had a reasonable opportunity to remedy the defect. Id., 548. What constitutes defect discussed. 150 C. 514. Where statutory notice relied solely on accumulated water, as distinguished from snow and ice, as the claimed defective condition and cause of the accident, and plaintiff testified that he actually lost control of his car on a film of ice, he cannot recover from the city. 151 C. 343. Cited. 153 C. 439; 159 C. 150; 162 C. 295; 167 C. 509. Overhanging tree limb which did not obstruct or hinder travel was not a “defect” in the highway. 177 C. 268. Cited. 183 C. 473. Sec. 52-572h does not apply to actions for personal injuries based on this statute; liability of defendant under statute is for breach of statutory duty and does not arise from negligence. 184 C. 205. Cited. 186 C. 229; Id., 300; Id., 692. Special act limiting liability of New Britain could not stand where clear policy statement in this section that municipal liability for damages should not be limited. 193 C. 589. Cited. 196 C. 509; 211 C. 370; 213 C. 307; Id., 446; 214 C. 1; 218 C. 1; 219 C. 179; Id., 641; 224 C. 23; 225 C. 177; Id., 217; 226 C. 282; Id., 757. Section does not bar an employer from seeking reimbursement under Sec. 31-293(a). 231 C. 370. Cited. 235 C. 408; 240 C. 105. In order for liability to obtain under section, defendant must have notice of an actual defect and not merely notice of potential defects or conditions likely to create a defect. 246 C. 638. Section invoked where plaintiff tripped on a portion of a steel sign post that had been cut off just above ground level while disembarking from bus that had stopped approximately 7 feet from the broken post; section is not void for vagueness as applied to facts of case. 255 C. 330. When town clerk's office is closed on the 90th day on which notice can be filed, it is sufficient to file notice on the next day on which the office is open; a party does not fail to give notice simply because the notice addresses the wrong name as town clerk. Id., 693. Sole proximate case doctrine precludes municipal liability where plaintiff is contributorily negligent and where other tortfeasors or independent nontortious factors contributed to the injury; therefore statute does not provide a right to indemnification. 258 C. 56. Under section, the focus with respect to the element of sole proximate cause is whether any factors other than municipality's breach of its statutory duty caused plaintiff's injury. Id., 574. Inaccurate notice under section is not, by itself, fatal to plaintiff's claim; the savings clause operates to protect plaintiffs from having their claims barred by reason of a vague, indefinite or inaccurate notice of accident location. 262 C. 787. Manner in which defect is created has no bearing on municipal liability under section and municipal liability was imposed where defect in highway created by third-party contractor was sole proximate cause of plaintiff's injuries. 292 C. 364. If injury complained of was caused by a highway defect on town road, plaintiff's only recourse against town is to pursue a claim under this section pursuant to the exclusivity provision of Sec. 52-557n(a)(1)(C), and plaintiff cannot maintain a separate nuisance action against town. 304 C. 298. Whether driveway upon which plaintiff was driving was public, thereby falling within the purview of section, or whether it was a private thoroughfare, thereby falling within the purview of Sec. 52-557n, is a question of fact to be determined by the trial court. 315 C. 606. Given that depressions in a roadway, potholes, are highway defects, it logically follows that an uncovered, open manhole, as a matter of law is also a highway defect. 346 C. 487.

In action pursuant to section, costs may be taxed against a defendant municipality. 4 CA 30. Savings clause of section must be pleaded and evidence introduced to prove its elements. Id., 315. Cited. 5 CA 104; 8 CA 169; 11 CA 1; 15 CA 185; Id., 668; 16 CA 213; 21 CA 633; 25 CA 67; 26 CA 407; Id., 534; 27 CA 487; 28 CA 449; 29 CA 565; judgment reversed, see 228 C. 358; Id., 791; 30 CA 594; 31 CA 906; 33 CA 56; Id., 754; 36 CA 158; 38 CA 14; 39 CA 289; 40 CA 179; 45 CA 413. Notice provisions discussed. 47 CA 365. Walkway deemed to be road or bridge since it was on public property leading from city street to public school and there was reasonable anticipation that the public would make use of it. Id., 734. Plaintiff could not prevail on claim that because section contains its own limitation period, court improperly relied on Sec. 52-584, which is applicable to negligence cases in general; trial court properly determined statute of limitations was not tolled during plaintiff's illness because this section contains no such tolling provision. 48 CA 60. Notice requirement not met where plaintiff's letter of notice did not arrive at town clerk's office until after the 90th day and where addressee on the letter was not a person employed in clerk's office or known to town clerk. 58 CA 191. Savings clause does not extend time requirement for delivery of notice. 67 CA 464. Plaintiff bears burden of proving delivery and actual receipt of notice. 72 CA 766. Notice by plaintiff's attorney that was received by town clerk more than 90 days from date of claimed injury and e-mail sent from plaintiff's supervisor to supervisor of a community center did not meet notice requirements of highway defect statute in order to invoke subject matter jurisdiction. 96 CA 387. Because there was no factual dispute that access to a transfer station was restricted and was, therefore, not open to the public, the court properly determined plaintiff's claim did not fall within the purview of the defective highway statute. 110 CA 657. Section and Sec. 13a-144 are not irreconcilably in conflict and do not prevent plaintiff from recovering from either state or municipal governmental entity if municipal employees caused a defect on a state highway because liability depends on existence of a defect, not the underlying causes which produced it. 116 CA 28. Failure to comply with Sec. 14-300c(a) demonstrated negligence on the part of plaintiff and precluded recovery under this section. 119 CA 724. Trial court properly concluded that plaintiff's claim fell within the purview of section and granted defendant's motion to dismiss for failure to comply with section's notice requirement because an improperly positioned storm drain cover located on a sidewalk is a defect in the highway and the facts admitted to in the pleadings name the defendant as the party bound to keep the property at issue in repair; highway defect statute is a legislative exception to the immunity of municipalities at common law and must be strictly construed. 125 CA 149. Common-law negligence is not applicable in a highway defect case; notice must be given under section and provide a general description of injuries sustained. 139 CA 487. Allegation that municipal road was unsafe for public travel because of a condition of the road caused by town's construction project is sufficient to satisfy pleading requirements of section, regardless of whether the claim is brought specifically under section. 143 CA 249. Because town defendants can only be held liable pursuant to section, and section requires that town defendants' conduct be sole proximate cause of damages alleged in order for liability to attach, any negligence on the part of third party negates possibility of relief from town defendants on theory of common-law indemnification. 147 CA 650. Where plaintiff exercises due care, failure to see sidewalk defect does not render plaintiff contributorily negligent. 148 CA 186. A public nuisance claim may not be brought independently of section when plaintiff's claim for damages against a municipality resulted from an injury sustained by means of a defective municipal road. 150 CA 805. Whether notice was sufficient under the savings clause was a question of law for the court. 157 CA 528.

What is sufficient notice. 2 CS 41; 14 CS 365; 18 CS 330; 19 CS 43. Statute applied to the City of New Haven. 2 CS 41; 4 CS 401, 481; 5 CS 88, 193, 312; 6 CS 44, 491; 7 CS 245, 297; 9 CS 79; 29 CS 75. Cited. 3 CS 12. Section grants right of action. 4 CS 401. Contributory act of another; civil liability of property owner in absence of an ordinance creating it. Id., 481. Complaint based on nuisance. 5 CS 81; Id., 268; 16 CS 222. No action at common law in absence of negligence. 5 CS 88. Cited. Id., 193. Sidewalk built for travel under normal conditions is devoid of defect. Id., 312. Notice improperly addressed. Id., 493; 16 CS 136. Cited. 7 CS 143; Id., 297. Notice condition precedent to recovery. Id., 245. Contents of notice. Id., 379. Notice concerning ice and snow. 8 CS 471. Cited. 9 CS 79. General description of “defective road”. 10 CS 22. Cited. Id., 521. Suit against both city and town. 11 CS 114. How “time” of injury is stated. 12 CS 246. Cited. Id., 267; Id., 283; Id., 309. Burden of plaintiff to prove that defective notice was not intended to mislead municipality. 14 CS 106. Action against Waterbury must be read with city charter. Id., 403. Terms of statute may not be waived; notice requirement not obviated because officer has knowledge of the fact. 15 CS 442. Notice not required if action based on negligence. 16 CS 222. Cited. 17 CS 114. Commencement of action as alternative to notice. Id., 420. Governmental immunity not a defense to action under section. 18 CS 124. Cited. Id., 501; 20 CS 142. Action against city under section and against another defendant for nuisance can be joined but claim must be in alternative. 22 CS 74, 76. Complaint demurrable where plaintiff did not allege exercise of due care or freedom from contributory negligence. Id., 75, 77. Whether path in public park was part of public highway system and was being used by plaintiff as traveler within meaning of section are questions of fact to be determined on trial of case. Id., 456. Savings clause serves to obviate inaccuracies in description of injuries; comparison with Sec. 13a-144. 23 CS 113. Cited. Id., 132. Redrafted count of complaint, substituted after demurrer, should have alleged requisite notice had been given. Id., 147. Cited. Id., 152. Where plaintiff brought action under Sec. 7-465 against local board of education to recover for injuries resulting from school bus accident, held action should have been brought under this section. 25 CS 305. Purpose of notice requirement. Id., 358. Cited. 26 CS 74. A malfunctioning traffic light is a defect in the highway. 29 CS 108. Municipality liable for invisible stop sign. Id., 352. Cited. 31 CS 442; 44 CS 45; Id., 389.

Although a notice will not be held invalid because of inaccuracy in describing the cause of the injury, where there is in effect no cause of injury stated the notice is invalid. 3 Conn. Cir. Ct. 644.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13b-77 — Connecticut Code / Title 13b / Chapter 243 / Section 13b-77
Sec. 13b-77. Covenants.
Status: in_force

(b) Bonds and bond anticipation notes issued pursuant to sections 13b-74 to 13b-77 , inclusive, are hereby made securities in which all public officers and public bodies of the state and its political subdivisions, all insurance companies, credit unions, building and loan associations, investment companies, banking associations, trust companies, executors, administrators, trustees and other fiduciaries and pension, profit-sharing and retirement funds may properly and legally invest funds, including capital in their control or belonging to them. Such bonds and bond anticipation notes are hereby made securities which may properly and legally be deposited with and received by any state or municipal officer or any agency or political subdivision of the state for any purpose for which the deposit of bonds and bond anticipation notes or obligations of the state is now or may hereafter be authorized by law.

(c) The state covenants with the purchasers and all subsequent owners and transferees of bonds and bond anticipation notes issued by the state pursuant to sections 13b-74 to 13b-77 , inclusive, in consideration of the acceptance of the payment for the bonds and bond anticipation notes, until such bonds and bond anticipation notes, together with the interest thereon, with interest on any unpaid installment of interest and all costs and expenses in connection with any action or proceeding on behalf of such owners, are fully met and discharged, or unless expressly permitted or otherwise authorized by the terms of each contract and agreement made or entered into by or on behalf of the state with or for the benefit of such owners, that the state will impose, charge, raise, levy, collect and apply the pledged revenues and other receipts, funds or moneys pledged for the payment of debt service requirements as provided in sections 13b-74 to 13b-77 , inclusive, in such amounts as may be necessary to pay such debt service requirements in each year in which bonds or bond anticipation notes are outstanding and further, that the state (1) will not limit or alter the duties imposed on the Treasurer and other officers of the state by sections 3-21a , 3-27a , 3-27f , 12-458 and 12-458d , subsection (c) of section 13a-80a , sections 13a-175p to 13a-175u , inclusive, subsection (f) of section 13b-42 , sections 13b-59 , 13b-61 , 13b-69 , 13b-71 , 13b-74 to 13b-77 , inclusive, and 13b-80 , subsection (a) of section 13b-97 , subsection (a) of section 14-12 , except for subdivision (2) of said subsection (a), sections 14-15 , 14-16a and 14-21c , subsection (a) of section 14-25a , section 14-28 , subsection (b) of section 14-35 , subsection (a) of section 14-41 , section 14-41a , subsection (a) of section 14-44 , sections 14-47 , 14-48b , 14-49 and 14-50 , subsection (a) of section 14-50a , sections 14-52 and 14-58 , subsection (c) of section 14-66 , subsection (e) of section 14-67 , sections 14-67a , 14-67d , 14-67 l and 14-69 , subsection (e) of section 14-73 , subsection (c) of section 14-96q , sections 14-103a and 14-160 , subsection (a) of section 14-164a , subsection (a) of section 14-192 , sections 14-319 , 14-320 and 14-381 , subsection (b) of section 14-382 and section 15-14 and by the proceedings authorizing the issuance of bonds with respect to application of pledged revenues or other receipts, funds or moneys pledged for the payment of debt service requirements as provided in said sections; (2) will not issue any bonds, notes or other evidences of indebtedness, other than the bonds and bond anticipation notes, having any rights arising out of said sections or secured by any pledge of or other lien or charge on the pledged revenues or other receipts, funds or moneys pledged for the payment of debt service requirements as provided in said sections; (3) will not create or cause to be created any lien or charge on such pledged amounts, other than a lien or pledge created thereon pursuant to said sections, provided nothing in this subsection shall prevent the state from issuing evidences of indebtedness (A) which are secured by a pledge or lien which is and shall on the face thereof be expressly subordinate and junior in all respects to every lien and pledge created by or pursuant to said sections; or (B) for which the full faith and credit of the state is pledged and which are not expressly secured by any specific lien or charge on such pledged amounts; or (C) which are secured by a pledge of or lien on moneys or funds derived on or after such date as every pledge or lien thereon created by or pursuant to said sections shall be discharged and satisfied; (4) will carry out and perform, or cause to be carried out and performed, each and every promise, covenant, agreement or contract made or entered into by the state or on its behalf with the owners of any bonds or bond anticipation notes; (5) will not in any way impair the rights, exemptions or remedies of such owners; and (6) will not limit, modify, rescind, repeal or otherwise alter the rights or obligations of the appropriate officers of the state to impose, maintain, charge or collect the taxes, fees, charges and other receipts constituting the pledged revenues as may be necessary to produce sufficient revenues to fulfill the terms of the proceedings authorizing the issuance of the bonds, including pledged revenue coverage requirements, and provided nothing herein shall preclude the state from exercising its power, through a change in law, to limit, modify, rescind, repeal or otherwise alter the character or amount of such pledged revenues or to substitute like or different sources of taxes, fees, charges or other receipts as pledged revenues if, for the ensuing fiscal year, as evidenced by the proposed or adopted budget of the state with respect to the Special Transportation Fund, the projected revenues meet or exceed the estimated expenses of the Special Transportation Fund including accumulated deficits, if any, debt service requirements and any pledged revenue coverage requirement. The State Bond Commission is authorized to include this covenant of the state in any agreement with the owner of any such bonds or bond anticipation notes.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13a-123 — Connecticut Code / Title 13a / Chapter 238 / Section 13a-123
Sec. 13a-123. Restriction of outdoor advertising structures, signs, displays or devices on state property or interstate, federal-aid and other limited access highways. Signs upon or within buildings or personal property. Exceptions. License or permit. Information centers at safety rest areas. Removal. Penalty.
Status: in_force

(2) The erection of advertising signs, displays or devices on real property owned or in the custody or control of the state, except such signs, displays or devices described in subdivision (6) of subsection (e) of this section, is prohibited. Nothing in this subsection shall restrict the right of the Commissioner of Transportation to issue permits for the maintenance of existing advertising signs, displays or devices, to renew existing permits or to issue new permits for the replacement of existing advertising signs, displays or devices on real property owned or in the custody or control of the state.

(3) Nothing in this subsection shall prohibit the erection or maintenance of advertising signs, displays or devices upon or within personal property, including, but not limited to, vehicular property owned or in the custody or control of the state.

(b) The Commissioner of Transportation may enter into agreements with the Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the state or any of its agencies to comply with Title I of the Highway Beautification Act of 1965 and do such things as are necessary to enable the state to be eligible for the bonus payments as set forth in an agreement between the state and the Secretary of Commerce dated June 23, 1961.

(c) The commissioner may promulgate regulations for the control of outdoor advertising structures, signs, displays and devices along interstate highways, the primary system of federal-aid highways and other limited access state highways. Such regulations shall be as, but not more, restrictive than the controls required by Title I of the Highway Beautification Act of 1965 and any amendments thereto with respect to the interstate and primary systems of federal-aid highways or the national standards of the Secretary of Commerce in respect to the interstate highways, in effect November 13, 1958, and any amendments thereto.

(d) The regulations promulgated by the commissioner shall, in the case of such other limited access state highways, exclude any area along either side of such highways which is zoned for industrial or commercial use under local ordinance or zoning regulation and which, upon application, is determined by the commissioner to be in actual use as an industrial or commercial area at the time of application, provided such exclusion shall remain operative only as long as such area remains so zoned.

(e) The following types of signs, displays and devices may, with the approval of and subject to regulations adopted by the commissioner, be permitted within the six-hundred-sixty-foot area of interstate, primary and other limited access state highways, except as prohibited by state statute, local ordinance or zoning regulation: (1) Directional and other official signs or notices, which signs and notices shall include, but not be limited to, signs and notices pertaining to natural wonders and scenic and historical attractions which are required or authorized by law; (2) signs, displays and devices advertising the sale or lease of the property upon which they are located; (3) signs, displays and devices advertising activities conducted on the property on which they are located; (4) signs, displays or advertising devices which are in place for sixty days or less; and (5) advertising signs, displays or devices (A) located or erected on real property or abutting real property within areas owned, leased or managed by a public authority for the purpose of (i) railway or rail infrastructure facilities, including, but not limited to, associated structures located within areas zoned solely or predominantly for the development of a railway or rail infrastructure facilities, (ii) bus rapid transit corridors, including, but not limited to, the Hartford-New Britain busway project authorized in section 13b-15a , and any shelter, structure or other facility associated with the operation of such bus rapid transit corridor, (iii) airport development zones designated in section 32-75d , (iv) bus facilities, or (v) any other similar transit or freight purpose, or (B) upon or within buildings, structures or other venues in the custody or control of the state and designed, operated or intended to be operated for the purpose of presenting athletic, artistic, musical or other entertainment events. Subject to regulations adopted by the commissioner and except as prohibited by state statute, local ordinance or zoning regulation, signs, displays and devices may be erected and maintained within six hundred sixty feet of primary and other limited access state highways in areas which are zoned for industrial or commercial use under authority of law or located in unzoned commercial or industrial areas which areas shall be determined from actual land uses and defined by regulations of the commissioner. The regulations of the commissioner in regard to size, spacing and lighting shall apply to any segments of the interstate system which traverse commercial or industrial zones wherein the use of real property adjacent to the interstate system is subject to municipal regulation or control, or which traverse other areas where the land use, as of September 21, 1959, was clearly established under state law as industrial or commercial.

(f) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsections (a) and (e) of this section, signage that may be changed at intervals by electronic or mechanical process or by remote control shall be permitted within six hundred sixty feet of the edge of the right-of-way of any interstate, federal-aid primary or other limited access state highway, except as prohibited by state statute, local ordinance or zoning regulation, provided such signage (1) has a static display lasting no less than eight seconds, (2) achieves a message change with all moving parts or illumination moving or changing simultaneously over a period of three seconds or less, and (3) does not display any illumination that moves, appears to move or changes in intensity during the static display period.

(g) (1) Whenever the commissioner deems it in the best interest of the state, the commissioner may acquire by purchase, gift or condemnation, in accordance with part IV of this chapter, the right to advertise or regulate advertising in an area adjacent to the right-of-way of a project on the interstate or primary system or any limited access state highway. (2) The commissioner may also acquire by purchase, gift or condemnation, and shall pay just compensation upon the removal of the following outdoor advertising structures, signs, displays and devices adjacent to interstate and federal-aid primary highways which (A) were lawfully in existence on October 22, 1965, (B) were lawfully on a highway made part of the interstate or primary system on or after October 22, 1965, and before January 1, 1968, and (C) were lawfully erected on or after January 1, 1968. Just compensation for the removal of structures, signs, displays and devices along the interstate and primary systems shall be paid only for the following: (i) The taking from the owner of such sign, display or device of all right, title, leasehold and interest in such structure, sign, display or device; and (ii) the taking, from the owner of the real property on which the structure, sign, display or device is located, of the right to erect and maintain such structures, signs, displays and devices thereon.

(h) Licenses or permits for outdoor structures, signs, displays or devices adjacent to interstate, primary federal-aid or other limited access state highways issued by the Commissioner of Emergency Services and Public Protection in accordance with chapter 411 shall be consistent with regulations and standards adopted under this section.

(i) In order to provide information in the specific interest of the traveling public the Commissioner of Transportation may maintain maps and may permit informational directories and advertising pamphlets to be made available at safety areas, and, subject to the approval of the Secretary of Commerce, may establish information centers at safety rest areas for the purpose of informing the public of places of interest within the state and providing such other information as the commissioner may consider desirable. In addition to being subject to the provisions of this section, all outdoor advertising structures, signs, displays or devices shall continue to be subject to the provisions of any municipal ordinance or regulation.

(j) The commissioner may order the removal of any advertising structure, sign, display or device along any interstate, federal-aid primary, or other limited access state highway erected in violation of this section. Any advertising structure, sign, display or device in existence on September 1, 1965, within six hundred and sixty feet of the right-of-way of any interstate, federal-aid primary, or other limited access state highway may continue to be maintained until July 1, 1970, but may not be replaced or relocated on such highway except (1) in areas where otherwise allowed by statute or regulations adopted thereunder, or (2) if such sign is removed from a building to which it is attached for purposes of repair or reconstruction of the building, the identical sign may be returned to its original position. Any advertising structure, sign, display or device lawfully erected since September 1, 1965, within six hundred sixty feet of the right-of-way of any interstate, federal-aid primary, or other limited access state highway and before June 21, 1967, may continue to be maintained until the end of the fifth year after it becomes nonconforming, but may not be replaced or relocated on such highway except in areas where otherwise allowed by statute or regulations adopted thereunder. If the person, firm or corporation in control of or owning a structure, sign, display or device or whose name appears thereon does not remove it within fourteen days after an order of removal has been sent to such person, firm or corporation by registered or certified mail, said commissioner may cause such structure, sign, display or device to be removed and the expense of such removal may be collected from the person, firm or corporation owning or controlling the same in an action based on the provisions of this section, or from the sureties on the bond filed by a nonresident person, firm or corporation pursuant to section 21-54 .

(k) Any person violating any provision of this section or of any regulation, license, permit or order adopted or issued pursuant to this section shall be subject to a civil penalty in the amount of one hundred dollars for each day on which the violation occurs. Prior to imposing a penalty under this section, the commissioner shall send such person a written notice of the violation by certified mail, return receipt requested. If such person terminates or corrects the violation by the fifteenth day following such person's receipt of such notice, the commissioner shall not impose such penalty on such person for such violation. Any such violation that continues for more than sixty consecutive days shall be cause for revocation of the permit granted pursuant to this chapter with which the violation is associated.

Cited. 212 C. 176.

Cited. 41 CS 66.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13b-57h — Connecticut Code / Title 13b / Chapter 242a / Section 13b-57h
Sec. 13b-57h. Use of funds from Transportation Strategy Board projects account. Projects to be completed.
Status: repealed

(b) The following TSB projects shall be completed:

(1) In the Coastal Corridor TIA, as defined in section 13b-57d :

(A) Acquire rolling rail stock sufficient to add no fewer than two thousand seats for the Metro North-New Haven Line for use in both interstate and intrastate service. All payments received by the state pursuant to any agreement entered into in accordance with subsection (h) of section 13b-34 involving rolling rail stock used on the Metro North-New Haven Line shall be used exclusively for refurbishing rolling rail stock on and other capital improvements to the Metro North-New Haven Line;

(B) Construct or expand stations at Bridgeport, New Haven and Stamford that can accommodate rail service and one or more other modes of transportation and have:

(i) Facilities for one thousand or more parking spaces;

(ii) Connections to bus and other transit systems;

(iii) Opportunity for community revitalization;

(iv) Opportunity for transit oriented development;

(v) Ease of auto, bus, bicycle and pedestrian access to the station facility;

(vi) Potential to attract sufficient riders to support additional express trains;

(vii) Operation under control of the state; and

(viii) Feeder bus services for passenger rail service;

(C) Facilitate use of the Long Island Sound Waterway for passenger and freight movement, including, but not limited to, bulkheading and dredging, upon removal of prohibitions imposed by federal law, expanding passenger facilities, including facilities at the Bridgeport Intermodal Facility, to support high speed ferry service; and

(2) In the I-84 Corridor TIA, as defined in section 13b-57d :

(A) Establish express bus services from New Haven to Bradley International Airport;

(B) Complete the New Britain to Hartford busway and establish other bus rapid transit or light rail service in Hartford and surrounding towns; and

(C) Expand rail passenger service on the Norwalk to Danbury-New Milford Branch Line to assist commuter movement on Route 7 and I-95; and

(3) In the I-91 Corridor TIA, as defined in section 13b-57d :

(A) Upgrade or construct maintenance facilities and parking facilities and upgrade feeder bus services for passenger rail service, particularly along the Metro North-New Haven Line; and

(B) Establish bus service or commuter rail service, as determined in the Hartford-Springfield-New Haven Implementation Study conducted by the department, that runs through New Haven, Hartford and Springfield, with a connection to Bradley International Airport; and

(4) In the I-395 Corridor TIA, as defined in section 13b-57d :

(A) Establish rail freight service with connections to the port of New London;

(B) Expand the frequency of bus service, number of runs and connections within and outside of the region, particularly in and to Norwich and New London and acquire buses sufficient to add no fewer than two hundred seats; and

(C) Design and plan for traffic mitigation in southeastern Connecticut, including planning for the extension of Route 11 from its terminus in Salem to the I-95 and I-395 intersect, with appropriate greenway purchases made in accordance with section 13a-142e ; and

(5) In the Southeast Corridor TIA, as defined in section 13b-57d :

(A) Acquire rolling rail stock for the Shoreline East Railroad Line sufficient to add no fewer than one thousand seats;

(B) Make operational improvements to highways that improve the flow of traffic on I-95 and I-395; and

(6) State-wide:

(A) Improve and target marketing by the department of the Deduct-a-Ride program to all eligible employers; and

(B) Continue funding the Jobs Access Program.

(c) Repealed by P.A. 06-136 , S. 35.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13a-101 — Connecticut Code / Title 13a / Chapter 238 / Section 13a-101
Sec. 13a-101. Bridges over artificial watercourses.
Status: in_force

See Sec. 13a-90 re bridges over artificial watercourses which Transportation Commissioner is responsible for maintaining.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13b-10c — Connecticut Code / Title 13b / Chapter 242 / Section 13b-10c
Sec. 13b-10c. Recruitment and compensation for summer worker professional engineer job classification.
Status: in_force

(b) On and after July 1, 2023, and annually thereafter, the Commissioner of Administrative Services shall increase the rate of compensation for the summer worker professional engineer job classification by the percentage increase, if any, in the national consumer price index for urban wage earners and clerical workers for the previous twelve-month period.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13a-65 — Connecticut Code / Title 13a / Chapter 238 / Section 13a-65
Sec. 13a-65. When jury's doings conclusive. New jury.
Status: in_force

Doings of jury never conclusive when they exceed their jurisdiction. 21 C. 319.

Cited. 9 CS 458.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13a-86a — Connecticut Code / Title 13a / Chapter 238 / Section 13a-86a
Sec. 13a-86a. Geometric design standards for bridges, exceptions. Factors re bridge rehabilitation or new construction. Development or construction of projects by municipal governments. Immunity from liability.
Status: in_force

(b) In choosing between the rehabilitation of an existing bridge and the construction of a new bridge, whether on the existing location or on a new location, the department and any affected municipality shall weigh the following factors: (1) The functional classification of the highway; (2) the load capacity and geometric constraints of the bridge within its existing footprint and the availability of alternative routes; (3) the comparative long-term costs, risks and benefits of rehabilitation and new construction; (4) the requirements of state standards for geometric design; (5) disruption to homes and businesses; (6) environmental impacts; (7) the potential effects on the local and state economies; (8) cost-effectiveness; (9) mobility; (10) safety, as determined by factors such as accident history for motorists, pedestrians and bicyclists; and (11) the impact on the historic, scenic and aesthetic values of the municipality in which the bridge is or may be located.

(c) The department shall implement policies and programs to allow municipal governments to develop projects or construct projects, or both, in consultation with the department, in accordance with federal laws and regulations if federal funds are used.

(d) The state or a municipality, any state or municipal agency or any employee thereof or any engineer retained in connection with a bridge project shall not be liable for any injury or damage to any person or property caused by the selection of design standards that enable an existing bridge, which was initially constructed not less than twenty-five years prior to October 1, 1997, to be repaired or rehabilitated in substantially the same configuration that existed before such repair or rehabilitation, provided nothing in this subsection shall be construed to relieve the state, any municipality or any person from liability under section 13a-144 or 13a-149 arising out of structural or design defects in any such bridge or negligence in the maintenance, repair or rehabilitation of any such bridge.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13b-280 — Connecticut Code / Title 13b / Chapter 245a / Section 13b-280
Sec. 13b-280. (Formerly Sec. 16-108). Assessment of damages.
Status: in_force

Annotations to former section 16-108:

Section gives town power to take land for change in highway. 57 C. 102. See 66 C. 222.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13a-153 — Connecticut Code / Title 13a / Chapter 238 / Section 13a-153
Sec. 13a-153. State liability for bridle paths, pedestrian walks and bicycle paths and injuries thereon.
Status: in_force

(b) Each person, firm or corporation using the pedestrian walks, bicycle paths, bridle paths, entrances or exits provided for in section 13a-141 , 13a-141a or 13a-142e , or using any lane or other part or facility of any highway, road, bridge or parking facility provided by the state for bicycle traffic or using the walk or path connections provided for in section 13a-142 , shall do so at his, her or its own risk, and no liability shall accrue to the state or any agency, including the Route 11 Greenway Authority Commission created under section 13a-142e , or employee of the state for any injuries or damages to any person or property which may result, either directly or indirectly, from the use of such walks, paths, entrances, exits or connections.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13b-127c — Connecticut Code / Title 13b / Chapter 244d / Section 13b-127c
Sec. 13b-127c. Insurance company offering automobile liability insurance to shared vehicle owner.
Status: in_force

(b) Nothing in this section shall be construed to: (1) Invalidate or limit an exclusion contained in an automobile liability insurance policy, including any insurance policy that excludes coverage for motor vehicles made available for rent, sharing, hire or business use, or (2) invalidate, limit or restrict an insurance company's ability to offer automobile liability insurance coverage to underwrite, cancel or not renew any insurance policy. Nothing in this section shall be construed to invalidate, limit or restrict an insurer's ability to cancel and not renew policies.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13b-334 — Connecticut Code / Title 13b / Chapter 245b / Section 13b-334
Sec. 13b-334. (Formerly Sec. 16-150). Commissioner of Transportation may regulate signals.
Status: in_force

Annotation to former section 16-150:

Railroad stationing flagman at crossing on order of commissioners ordinarily performs its full duty in protecting travelers. 90 C. 52.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13a-144 — Connecticut Code / Title 13a / Chapter 238 / Section 13a-144
Sec. 13a-144. Damages for injuries sustained on state highways or sidewalks.
Status: in_force

Applies to trunk line and state aid roads. 94 C. 231, 592. Does not affect statutory liability of street railway company. Id., 238. State has recovery over against street railway company. Id., 239. Imposes same liability for defective highways on highway commissioner as imposed by Sec. 13a-149 on towns. Id., 542; 105 C. 360; 116 C. 243; 129 C. 259. For shoulders as part of traveled portion of highway. 108 C. 196. State not liable for defect in sidewalk on side of trunk line highway within town. 109 C. 336. Same duty as to fences as that required of towns by Sec. 13a-111. 110 C. 76. Actual or constructive notice and opportunity to remedy defect a prerequisite of liability. 116 C. 243; 129 C. 259. Highway commissioner's duty to erect fences at raised points to be guided by standard of reasonable safety under the circumstances. 121 C. 88, 94. Cited. Id., 478. In action for damages caused by defective bridge, test of liability is whether state exercised reasonable care. Id., 611. Cause of action is for breach of statutory duty. Id., 613. Res ipsa loquitur held not to apply to defective bridge. Id., 614. Cited. 122 C. 92; 124 C. 677. Variation in alignment of fences a defect. 130 C. 30. Suspension of highway commissioner does not abate action. Id., 34. Shoulders of state highway are under control of commissioner. Id., 87. Sec. 13a-145, if complied with, takes away right of action under this section. Id., 621. Purpose of notice; its adequacy generally for the jury. 134 C. 223. In computing 60-day period, date of injury is excluded and 60th day is final day on which notice must be received. Id., 235. A defect outside the traveled path in a highway may give rise to an action; a person is not obliged to remain seated in a vehicle to get benefit of statute. 137 C. 285. Requirements of notice within 60 days and suit within 1 year do not pertain only to remedy; compliance with both conditions is essential to very existence of cause of action. 138 C. 363. Notice insufficient as matter of law. 139 C. 254. A complaint alleging necessary detail is notice even though withdrawn. Id., 554. Cited. 144 C. 282. Plaintiff struck by defective directional sign under control of highway commissioner while walking on sidewalk within limits of trunk line highway but not under control of commissioner to repair; held complaint did not state a cause of action as statutory liability of highway commissioner exists only in the case of a traveler on a highway or sidewalk which it is commissioner's duty to keep in repair. 148 C. 355. Cited. 150 C. 455. Action maintainable under statute does not waive state's immunity to suit so as to allow count in nuisance. 151 C. 259. To recover under section, plaintiff must prove either that defendant had actual notice of defect or that it existed for sufficient time so defendant would have known of it. 158 C. 116. Plan of construction of highway could not be challenged as neglect under section. 159 C. 150. Overhanging tree limb which did not obstruct or hinder travel was not a “defect” in the highway. 177 C. 268. Where Commissioner of Transportation has legal duty to maintain a particular highway, he is liable for injuries occurring caused by negligence in performance of that duty. 186 C. 300. Cited. 198 C. 322; Id., 413; 199 C. 651. No words in statute restricting scope of phrase “the state or any of its employees” to Department of Transportation personnel only. 202 C. 158. Cited. 205 C. 542; 209 C. 310; 211 C. 370; 212 C. 381; 213 C. 126. Highway defect as sole approximate cause of injury remains the standard in determining liability under statute. Id., 307. Liability of commissioner for accidents caused by defective highways discussed. Id., 446. Cited. 214 C. 464; 217 C. 281; 221 C. 346; 223 C. 14. Notice inadequate as a matter of law discussed. 224 C. 23. Cited. 225 C. 177. Application of general verdict rule discussed; judgment of appellate court in 27 CA 439 reversed. Id., 782. Cited. Id., 904; 228 C. 343. Court decided doctrine of sovereign immunity applied; judgment of Appellate Court in 29 CA 565 reversed. 228 C. 358. Cited. 232 C. 392; 239 C. 265. In an action against commissioner, a personal injury occurring in a parking lot within state right-of-way line and in public rest area connected to a highway may be compensable under statute. 248 C. 419. In an action brought under section where a party offers evidence to prove constructive notice of a defect rather than the defect itself, the standard of attenuated similarity is appropriate. 255 C. 670. With respect to degree of precision required of claimant in describing the place of injury, reasonable definiteness is all that can be expected or required; notice must provide sufficient information as to the injury, its cause and the time and place of its occurrence to permit commissioner to gather information about the case intelligently; judgment of Appellate Court in 78 CA 796 reversed. 273 C. 1. Rocks and debris falling on state highway from ledge above but not in roadway or so close to it to actually obstruct or impede travel not highway defect or cognizable design defect for purposes of statute. 274 C. 262. Plan of design providing for steep downhill grade of highway, in combination with absence of adequate warning signs and tangible safety measures, did not render highway defective within meaning of section. 313 C. 158. Defective highway claim based on design of Route 44 across Avon Mountain barred by sovereign immunity because it failed to state a cause of action under section. Id., 197. Waiver of sovereign immunity under section extends to the actions of state employees other than those employed by the commissioner, but only to the extent that they are performing duties related to highway maintenance and plaintiff proves that a relationship exists between the commissioner and the state employee such that the commissioner can be found to have breached his statutory duty to keep the highways, bridges, or sidewalks in repair. 330 C. 400.

Cited. 4 CA 30; 5 CA 121; Id., 663; Id., 695; 6 CA 300; 7 CA 561; 8 CA 169; 12 CA 449; 18 CA 677; 21 CA 516; Id., 633; 23 CA 198; Id., 735; 25 CA 67; Id., 217; Id., 421; judgment reversed, see 222 C. 299; 26 CA 74; Id., 407; 27 CA 439; judgment reversed, see 225 C. 782; Id., 734; 28 CA 449; 29 CA 565; judgment reversed, see 228 C. 358; Id., 791; 30 CA 594; 31 CA 752; 33 CA 65; 36 CA 211; 37 CA 551; 44 CA 597; Id., 651. Court found that plaintiff's notice sufficiently identified the location of her fall so as to permit commissioner to gather information about the allegedly defective condition and that the issue of adequacy of plaintiff's notice was a question of fact for the jury. 70 CA 21. It is plaintiff's burden to prove each of the elements under statute, and failure to prove any element will preclude a finding of liability under statute. 72 CA 64. Phrase “place of its occurrence” refers to prior phrase “such injury”, and therefore it is the place of injury that must be described in required notice; the legal standard is not the exact geodetic place of injury; however, that standard is not satisfied when the place of injury is described as two distinct places. 78 CA 796; judgment reversed, see 273 C. 1. Plaintiff's notice of claim is insufficient because it fails to specify the precise nature of the claimed defect; it is not enough that defendant knows the exact location of the defect when the precise nature of the defect is unspecified and the complaint cannot be considered in conjunction with the notice because the complaint was filed beyond the 90-day period set forth in section. 132 CA 750. Court lacks jurisdiction to hear claim against state where notice informed commissioner only of suit against town. 142 CA 785. A claim related to an alleged defect in the plan pursuant to which a highway was constructed, rather than a claim that a defect in such plan or design resulted in an otherwise actionable hazard that was in or near the roadway and which actually obstructed travel, is precluded. Id., 826. Plaintiff failed to satisfy statutory requirement where the notice to defendant provided locations of defects that either did not exist or could not have been geographically accurate. 152 CA 560. An assessment of whether defendant's response to notice of highway defect was reasonable is a fact-specific determination and depends on many different factors, some of which may be unique to each case. 168 CA 570; judgment reversed in part, see 330 C. 400. Actual notice to the state police of a highway defect constitutes actual notice to defendant, which occurs when state police first learn of the defect, not the later time when they report that defect to defendant or the department. Id. Section unambiguously waives sovereign immunity for defective highway claims based upon the neglect or default of the commissioner, the state and any state employees, at least when performing duties related to highway maintenance, and it does not limit or restrict its scope to department employees only. Id.

Recovery in action brought under former statute limited to $10,000. 1 CS 136. Responsibility of third person to perform duty of state is no defense in suit against the state; it is only the remedy of the state in a suit against third persons. 5 CS 259. Cited. 7 CS 95. Analogous to Sec. 13a-149. Id., 143; 10 CS 521. Cited. 7 CS 426; 8 CS 450. Defect must be sole cause of the damage. 12 CS 14. Cited. 15 CS 31. Commencement of action not an alternative to giving notice. 17 CS 419. Applies to pedestrian as well as vehicular traffic; no distinction between ice and snow and other defects; sidewalks built within limits of state highways are responsibility of town. 18 CS 499. Adequacy of notice is a question of fact. 19 CS 44. Cited. Id., 100. Right of action statutory; no action maintainable for nuisance. Id., 478. No right of recovery to an abutting landowner for damages from a defective highway. 20 CS 142. No presumption of the receipt of a notice by a certain day arises from the mere dating of the notice; plaintiff must allege facts which, if proved, will show that highway commissioner actually received the statutory notice within 60 days of occurrence of injury. 22 CS 468. History discussed; comparison with Sec. 13a-149; mere statement in plaintiff's notice of injury to knee not sufficient. 23 CS 113. Cited. Id., 152. A right of action against highway commissioner is maintainable, if at all, only under section and no right exists in the domain of alleged nuisance. 24 CS 159. Plaintiff is required by rule to recite in the complaint or annex thereto the notice given commissioner. 25 CS 358. To be sufficient notice, must satisfy purpose of notice requirement; it must furnish commissioner with such information as would enable him to make timely investigation of facts upon which claim for damages is being made. Id., 359, 360. Commissioner liable for defect at intersection of state and nonstate highway. 29 CS 365. Cited. 37 CS 710. Under section, plaintiff is authorized to maintain action for loss of consortium. 40 CS 194. Cited. 41 CS 425; 44 CS 389.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13b-78r — Connecticut Code / Title 13b / Chapter 243 / Section 13b-78r
Sec. 13b-78r. Bond issue for Fix-it-First program to repair state roads. Report.
Status: in_force

(b) The proceeds of the sale of said bonds to the extent hereinafter stated, shall be used for the purpose of payment of the transportation costs, as defined in subdivision (6) of section 13b-75 , with respect to the projects and uses hereinafter described, which projects and uses are hereby found and determined to be in furtherance of one or more of the authorized purposes for the issuance of special tax obligation bonds set forth in section 13b-74 . Any proceeds of the bonds shall be used by the Department of Transportation for the purpose of establishing a Fix-it-First program to repair the state's roads. Thirty million dollars of such funds shall be used for the rehabilitation and reconstruction of highways that are not part of the interstate highway system.

(c) Projects shall be based on traffic volume, condition and need, and priority shall be given to projects currently programmed in out years. Funds may also be used to enhance and improve pedestrian and bicycle access for these projects.

(d) None of said bonds shall be authorized except upon a finding by the State Bond Commission that there has been filed with it (1) a request for such authorization, which is signed by the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management or by or on behalf of such state officer, department or agency and stating such terms and conditions as said commission, in its discretion, may require, and (2) any capital development impact statement and any human services facility colocation statement required to be filed with the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management pursuant to section 4b-23 , any advisory report regarding the state conservation and development policies plan required pursuant to section 16a-31 and any statement regarding farm land required pursuant to subsection (g) of section 3-20 and section 22-6 , provided the State Bond Commission may authorize said bonds without a finding that the reports and statements required by this subdivision have been filed with it if said commission authorizes the secretary of said commission to accept such reports and statements on its behalf. No funds derived from the sale of bonds authorized by said commission without a finding that the reports and statements required by this subdivision have been filed with it shall be allotted by the Governor for any project until the reports and statements required by this subdivision, with respect to such project, have been filed with the secretary of said commission.

(e) For the purposes of this section, each request filed as provided in this section for an authorization of bonds shall identify the project for which the proceeds of the sale of such bonds are to be used and expended and, in addition to any terms and conditions required pursuant to this section, include the recommendation of the person signing such request as to the extent to which federal, private or other moneys then available or thereafter to be made available for costs in connection with any such project should be added to the state moneys available or becoming available from the proceeds of bonds and temporary notes issued in anticipation of the receipt of the proceeds of bonds. If the request includes a recommendation that some amount of such federal, private or other moneys should be added to such state moneys, then, if and to the extent directed by the State Bond Commission at the time of authorization of such bonds, said amount of such federal, private or other moneys then available or thereafter to be made available for costs in connection with such project shall be added to such state moneys.

(f) Any balance of proceeds of the sale of said bonds authorized for the projects or purposes of this section, in excess of the aggregate costs of all the projects so authorized, shall be used in the manner set forth in sections 13b-74 to 13b-77 , inclusive, and in the proceedings of the State Bond Commission respecting the issuance and sale of said bonds.

(g) Said bonds issued pursuant to this section shall be special obligations of the state and shall not be payable from or charged upon any funds other than revenues of the state pledged therefor in subsection (b) of section 13b-61 and section 13b-69 , or such other receipts, funds or moneys as may be pledged therefor. Said bonds shall not be payable from or charged upon any funds other than such pledged revenues or such other receipts, funds or moneys as may be pledged therefor, nor shall the state or any political subdivision thereof be subject to any liability thereon, except to the extent of such pledged revenues or such other receipts, funds or moneys as may be pledged therefor. Said bonds shall be issued under and in accordance with the provisions of sections 13b-74 to 13b-77 , inclusive.

(h) Not later than January 1, 2009, the Department of Transportation shall submit a report on the results of such program to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to transportation, in accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a .
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13b-38ff — Connecticut Code / Title 13b / Chapter 242 / Section 13b-38ff
Sec. 13b-38ff. Modernization and maintenance of bus stops and shelters.
Status: in_force

(b) Each new bus stop or shelter constructed by the Department of Transportation or a transit district on and after July 1, 2024, shall (1) be in accordance with the plan developed pursuant to subsection (a) of this section, and (2) comply with physical accessibility guidelines, as applicable, under the federal Americans with Disabilities Act, 42 USC 12101, et seq., as amended from time to time.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13a-260 — Connecticut Code / Title 13a / Chapter 241 / Section 13a-260
Sec. 13a-260. Pilot program to test fully autonomous vehicles.
Status: in_force

(1) “Fully autonomous vehicle” means a motor vehicle that is equipped with an automated driving system, designed to function without an operator and classified as level four or level five by SAE J3016;

(2) “Automated driving system” means the hardware and software that are collectively capable of performing the entire dynamic driving task on a sustained basis, regardless of whether the automated driving system is limited to a specific operational design domain;

(3) “Dynamic driving task” means the real-time operational and tactical functions required to operate a motor vehicle on highways, excluding the strategic functions such as trip scheduling and selection of destinations and waypoints;

(4) “Operational design domain” means a description of the operating domains in which an automated driving system is designed to function, including, but not limited to, geographic, roadway, environmental and speed limitations;

(5) “SAE J3016” means the “Taxonomy and Definitions for Terms Related to Driving Automation Systems for On-Road Motor Vehicles” published by SAE International in September 2016;

(6) “Operator” means the person who causes the automated driving system to engage while physically inside the fully autonomous vehicle;

(7) “Autonomous vehicle tester” means an autonomous vehicle manufacturer, institution of higher education, fleet service provider or automotive equipment or technology provider;

(8) “Fleet service provider” means a person or entity that owns or leases a fully autonomous vehicle and operates such fully autonomous vehicle for commercial or public use;

(9) “Autonomous vehicle manufacturer” means: (A) A person or entity that builds or sells fully autonomous vehicles; (B) a person or entity that installs automated driving systems in motor vehicles that are not originally built as fully autonomous vehicles; or (C) a person or entity that develops automated driving systems in fully autonomous vehicles or motor vehicles that are not originally built as fully autonomous vehicles;

(10) “Secretary” means the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management; and

(11) “Highway”, “limited access highway” and “operator's license” have the same meanings as defined in section 14-1 .

(b) The Office of Policy and Management, in consultation with the Departments of Motor Vehicles, Transportation and Emergency Services and Public Protection, shall establish a pilot program for not more than four municipalities to allow autonomous vehicle testers to test fully autonomous vehicles on the highways of such municipalities. Municipalities shall apply to the Secretary of the Office of Policy Management in the manner and form directed by the secretary for inclusion in the pilot program. The secretary shall select at least one municipality with a population of at least one hundred twenty thousand, but not more than one hundred twenty-four thousand, and one municipality with a population of at least one hundred thousand, as enumerated in the 2010 federal decennial census.

(c) The chief elected official or chief executive officer of a municipality selected by the secretary shall select and enter into a written agreement with an autonomous vehicle tester or autonomous vehicle testers to test fully autonomous vehicles on the highways of the municipality. Such agreement shall, at a minimum: (1) Specify the locations and routes where such fully autonomous vehicles may operate; (2) prohibit the operation of such fully autonomous vehicles outside such locations and routes except in the case of an emergency; (3) identify each fully autonomous vehicle to be tested by vehicle identification number, make, year and model; and (4) specify the hours of operation of such fully autonomous vehicles.

(d) An autonomous vehicle tester shall not test a fully autonomous vehicle in a municipality unless:

(1) The operator is: (A) Physically inside the fully autonomous vehicle; (B) monitoring the operation of such fully autonomous vehicle; (C) capable of taking immediate manual control of such fully autonomous vehicle; (D) an employee, independent contractor or other person designated and trained by the autonomous vehicle tester concerning the capabilities and limitations of such fully autonomous vehicle; and (E) a holder of an operator's license;

(2) The autonomous vehicle tester: (A) Registers each fully autonomous vehicle to be tested with the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles pursuant to section 14-12 ; and (B) submits to the commissioner, in a manner and form directed by the commissioner, proof of liability insurance, self-insurance or a surety bond of at least five million dollars for damages by reason of bodily injury, death or property damage caused by a fully autonomous vehicle; and

(3) The operator and autonomous vehicle tester: (A) Comply with any provision of the general statutes or any ordinance of a municipality concerning the operation of motor vehicles; (B) comply with standards established by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration regarding fully autonomous vehicles; and (C) satisfy any other requirement as determined by the secretary, in consultation with the Commissioners of Motor Vehicles, Transportation and Emergency Services and Public Protection, as necessary to ensure the safe operation of such fully autonomous vehicle.

(e) No autonomous vehicle tester shall test a fully autonomous vehicle on any limited access highway.

(f) The secretary may immediately prohibit an operator or autonomous vehicle tester from testing a fully autonomous vehicle if the secretary, in consultation with the Commissioners of Motor Vehicles, Transportation and Emergency Services and Public Protection, determines that such testing poses a risk to public safety or that such operator or autonomous vehicle tester fails to comply with the provisions of this section or with the requirements of the pilot program.

(g) An autonomous vehicle tester that participates in the pilot program shall provide information to the secretary and the task force established pursuant to section 2 of public act 17-69* that the secretary and task force deem to be appropriate for measuring the performance of the pilot program. The autonomous vehicle tester may withhold any commercially valuable, confidential or proprietary information.

(h) Not later than July 1, 2020, and annually thereafter, the secretary shall submit a report to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to transportation, in accordance with section 11-4a , concerning the implementation and progress of the pilot program.

*Note: Section 2 of public act 17-69 is special in nature and therefore has not been codified but remains in full force and effect according to its terms.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13a-93 — Connecticut Code / Title 13a / Chapter 238 / Section 13a-93
Sec. 13a-93. Snow removal from state highways.
Status: in_force

Cited. 130 C. 86; 162 C. 295.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13b-338 — Connecticut Code / Title 13b / Chapter 245b / Section 13b-338
Sec. 13b-338. (Formerly Sec. 16-154). Obstruction of streets by railroad cars.
Status: in_force

Annotation to former section 16-154:

Former statute upheld and applied. 82 C. 1.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13b-101 — Connecticut Code / Title 13b / Chapter 244b / Section 13b-101
Sec. 13b-101. (Formerly Sec. 16-324). Definition.
Status: in_force

*Note: Section 55 of public act 05-280 is special in nature and therefore has not been codified but remains in full force and effect according to its terms.

Cited. 3 CA 240.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13b-79r — Connecticut Code / Title 13b / Chapter 243 / Section 13b-79r
Sec. 13b-79r. Grant anticipation revenue vehicle bonds. Grant Anticipation Transportation Fund.
Status: in_force

(1) “Bonds” means bonds, bond anticipation notes, notes or other evidences of indebtedness issued pursuant to this section and, unless otherwise indicated, any bonds issued to refund such bonds pursuant to this section.

(2) “Debt service requirements” means, for any period, the sum of (A) the principal and interest accruing during such period with respect to bonds and, subject to the provisions of this section and the proceedings authorizing the issuance of such bonds, the unrefunded principal accruing during such period with respect to bond anticipation notes, (B) the purchase price of bonds which are subject to purchase or redemption at the option of the bondowner or noteowner, (C) the amounts, if any, required during such period to establish or maintain reserves, sinking funds or other funds or accounts at the respective levels required to be established or maintained therein, in accordance with the proceedings authorizing the issuance of bonds, (D) expenses of issuance and administration with respect to bonds, as determined by the Treasurer, (E) the amounts, if any, becoming due and payable under a reimbursement agreement or similar agreement entered into pursuant to authority granted under the proceedings authorizing the issuance of bonds, and (F) any other costs or expenses deemed by the Treasurer to be necessary or proper to be paid in connection with the bonds, including, without limitation, the cost of any credit facility, including but not limited to, a letter of credit or policy of bond insurance, issued by a financial institution pursuant to an agreement approved by the proceedings authorizing the issuance of bonds.

(3) “Department” means the Department of Transportation.

(4) “Federal transportation funds” means funds paid or reimbursed to the department by the United States Department of Transportation including, without limitation, future obligational authority, reimbursement funds and any other moneys payable under Title 23 or Title 49 of the United States Code, as amended from time to time.

(5) “Federal share of principal, interest and costs” means the portion of the principal of and interest on the bonds, and the costs associated with the issuance and administration of such bonds, that may be paid from federal transportation funds pursuant to federal law and any agreement between the United States Department of Transportation and the department.

(6) “Grant Anticipation Transportation Fund” means the fund established pursuant to subsection (b) of this section.

(7) “Pledged revenues” means, for any year, receipts of the state, including federal transportation funds, credited to the Grant Anticipation Transportation Fund during such year pursuant to the provisions of this section.

(8) “Proceedings” means the proceedings of the State Bond Commission authorizing or relating to the issuance of bonds pursuant to subdivision (5) of subsection (d) of this section, the provisions of any indenture of trust securing bonds, which provisions are incorporated into such proceedings, the provisions of any other documents or agreements which are incorporated into such proceedings and, to the extent applicable, a certificate of determination filed by the Treasurer in accordance with subdivision (3) of subsection (d) of this section.

(9) “Qualified federal-aid transportation project” means any transportation cost or transportation project that may be financed, in whole or in part, with federal transportation funds.

(10) “State Bond Commission” means the commission established under section 3-20 .

(11) “State transportation costs” means (A) any and all capital costs incurred in furtherance of the purposes set forth in this section, including any costs, expenses and other amounts related to qualified federal aid transportation projects and state transportation projects, (B) payment of principal of and interest on bonds, (C) creation and maintenance of reserves for the payment of the principal of and interest on any such bonds, (D) payment of expenses of administration properly chargeable to the construction or acquisition of programs or projects included in subparagraph (A) of this subdivision, including, without limitation, legal, architectural and engineering expenses and fees and costs of audits, (E) payment of costs, fees and expenses which the Treasurer may deem necessary or advantageous in connection with the authorization, sale and issuance of bonds, including, but not limited to, underwriters' discount, and (F) payment of all other items of expense not elsewhere specified or incurred in connection with a project or program included in subparagraph (A) of this subdivision.

(12) “State transportation project” means any planning, capital or operating project with regard to transportation undertaken by the state.

(b) There is established a fund to be known as the “Grant Anticipation Transportation Fund”. The fund may contain any moneys required or permitted by the proceedings to be deposited in the fund, and shall be held by the Treasurer, or the trustee under a trust indenture or trust agreement, separate and apart from all other moneys, funds and accounts. If held by the Treasurer, investment earnings credited to the assets of said fund shall become part of the assets of said fund, and any balance remaining in said fund at the end of any fiscal year shall be carried forward in said fund for the fiscal year next succeeding.

(c) (1) (A) Prior to consideration by the State Bond Commission to authorize bonds pursuant to this section, the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management and the Treasurer shall make a written determination that the issuance of bonds pursuant to this section shall be in the best interests of the state. Once such written determination has been provided to the State Bond Commission, the State Bond Commission shall be authorized to issue bonds from time to time in one or more series and in principal amounts determined by the State Bond Commission, but not to exceed $1,300,000,000 in the aggregate, for the purpose of financing any qualified federal aid transportation project or state transportation costs or state transportation projects secured by a pledge of and payable from any of the following: (i) Federal transportation funds that are appropriated on an annual basis for such purpose by the state; (ii) any proceeds of such bonds and any earnings from the investment of such bond proceeds pledged for such purpose; or (iii) other revenues, funds or other security, if any, pledged or appropriated for such purpose under state law.

(B) Upon authorization of bonds by the State Bond Commission pursuant to subparagraph (A) of this subdivision, the principal amount of the bonds authorized therein for transportation costs with respect to such projects and costs shall be deemed to be an appropriation and allocation of such amount for such projects or costs, respectively, and, subject to approval by the Governor of allotment thereof and to any authorization for such projects or costs that may otherwise be required, contracts may be awarded and obligations incurred with respect to any such projects or costs in amounts not in the aggregate exceeding the principal amount authorized therefor, notwithstanding that such contracts and obligations may at a particular time exceed the amount of the proceeds from the sale of such bonds theretofore received by the state.

(C) The proceeds of bonds, including any premium received on the sale of such bonds, shall be used to pay costs of any qualified federal aid transportation project or state transportation cost or project or any other transportation costs, plus an amount for issuance costs, capitalized interest, reserve funds, and other financing expenses, including, without limitation, any original issue discount. The proceeds of bonds may be used together with any federal, local, or private funds which may be made available for such purpose.

(2) (A) If federal transportation funds are not sufficient to pay the federal share of principal, interest and costs, as defined in subsection (a) of this section , when due, the state may temporarily pay the federal share of principal, interest and costs with state funds that the state has appropriated for this purpose.

(B) Notwithstanding the provisions of subparagraph (A) of this subdivision, any state funds paid under subparagraph (A) of this subdivision may, if required by the original state appropriation, be reimbursed from federal transportation funds that the state determines are not needed in the future to pay the federal share of principal, interest and costs.

(d) (1) Bonds issued pursuant to this section are determined to be issued for valid public purposes in exercise of essential governmental functions. Such bonds shall be special obligations of the state and shall not be payable from or charged upon any funds other than the pledged revenues or other receipts, funds or moneys pledged therefor as provided in this section, nor shall the state or any political subdivision thereof be subject to any liability thereon, except to the extent of such pledged revenues or other receipts, funds or moneys pledged as provided in this section. As part of the contract of the state with the owners of said bonds, all amounts necessary for punctual payment of the debt service requirements with respect to such bonds shall be deemed to be appropriated, but only from the sources pledged therefor pursuant to this section, upon the authorization of issuance of such bonds by the State Bond Commission, or the filing of a certificate of determination by the Treasurer in accordance with the provisions of this section, and the Treasurer shall pay such principal and interest as the same shall accrue, but only from such sources. The issuance of bonds issued under this section shall not directly or indirectly or contingently obligate the state or any political subdivision thereof to levy or to pledge any form of taxation therefor, or to make any additional appropriation for their payment. Such bonds shall not constitute a charge, lien or encumbrance, legal or equitable, upon any property of the state or of any political subdivision thereof other than the pledged revenues or other receipts, funds or moneys pledged therefor as provided in this section, and the substance of such limitation shall be plainly stated on the face of each such bond and bond anticipation note. Bonds issued pursuant to this section shall not be subject to any statutory limitation on the indebtedness of the state, and, when issued, shall not be included in computing the aggregate indebtedness of the state in respect to and to the extent of any such limitation.

(2) Bonds issued pursuant to this section may be executed and delivered at such time or times and shall be dated, bear interest at such rate or rates, including variable rates to be determined in such manner as set forth in the proceedings authorizing the issuance of the bonds, provide for payment of interest on such dates, whether before or at maturity, be issued at, above or below par, mature at such time or times not exceeding thirty years from their date, have such rank or priority, be payable in such medium of payment, be issued in such form, including, without limitation, registered or book-entry form, carry such registration and transfer privileges and be made subject to purchase or redemption before maturity at such price or prices and under such terms and conditions, including the condition that such bonds be subject to purchase or redemption on the demand of the owner thereof, all as may be provided by the State Bond Commission. The State Bond Commission shall determine the form of the bonds, the manner of execution of the bonds, the denomination or denominations of the bonds and the manner of payment of principal and interest. Prior to the preparation of definitive bonds, the State Bond Commission may, under similar restrictions, authorize the issuance of interim receipts or temporary bonds, exchangeable for definitive bonds when such bonds have been executed and are available for delivery. If any of the officers whose signatures appear on the bonds cease to be officers before the delivery of any such bonds, such signatures shall, nevertheless, be valid and sufficient for all purposes, the same as if such officers had remained in office until delivery. Nothing in this subdivision shall prevent any series of bonds issued under the provisions of this section from being issued in coupon form, in which case references to the bonds in this subdivision also shall refer to the coupons attached thereto where appropriate, and references to owners of bonds shall include holders of such bonds where appropriate.

(3) Any bonds issued pursuant to this section may be sold at public sale on sealed proposals or by negotiation in such manner, at such price or prices, at such time or times and on such other terms and conditions of such bonds and the issuance and sale thereof as the State Bond Commission may determine to be in the best interests of the state, or the State Bond Commission may delegate to the Treasurer all or any part of the foregoing powers, in which event the Treasurer shall exercise such powers unless the State Bond Commission, by adoption of a resolution prior to the exercise of such powers by the Treasurer shall elect to reassume the same. Such powers shall be exercised from time to time in such manner as the Treasurer shall determine to be in the best interests of the state and he or she shall file a certificate of determination setting forth the details thereof with the secretary of the State Bond Commission on or before the date of delivery of such bonds, the details of which were determined by him or her in accordance with such delegation.

(4) The debt service requirements with respect to any bonds issued pursuant to this section shall be secured by (A) a first call upon the pledged revenues as they are received by the state and credited to the Grant Anticipation Transportation Fund established pursuant to subsection (b) of this section, and (B) a lien upon any and all amounts held to the credit of said Grant Anticipation Transportation Fund from time to time. Any obligation of the state secured by said lien to pay the unrefunded principal of bond anticipation notes, including for this purpose any obligation of the state under a reimbursement agreement entered into in connection with a credit facility providing for payment of the unrefunded principal of bond anticipation notes, shall be subordinate to any obligation of the state secured by said lien to pay (i) the debt service requirements with respect to bonds, excluding bond anticipation notes, or (ii) any debt service requirements with respect to bond anticipation notes other than debt service requirements relating to unrefunded principal of bond anticipation notes or to obligations under a credit facility for the payment of such unrefunded principal. The debt service requirements with respect to bonds also may be secured by a pledge of reserves, sinking funds and any other funds and accounts, including proceeds from investment of any of the foregoing, established pursuant to this section or the proceedings authorizing the issuance of such bonds, and by moneys paid under a credit facility, including, but not limited to, a letter of credit or policy of bond insurance issued by a financial institution pursuant to an agreement authorized by such proceedings.

(5) The proceedings under which bonds are authorized to be issued may, subject to the provisions of the general statutes, contain any or all of the following: (A) Provisions respecting custody of the proceeds from the sale of the bonds, including any requirements that such proceeds be held separate from or not be commingled with other funds of the state; (B) provisions for the investment and reinvestment of bond proceeds until used to pay transportation costs and for the disposition of any excess bond proceeds or investment earnings thereon; (C) provisions for the execution of reimbursement agreements or similar agreements in connection with credit facilities, including, but not limited to, letters of credit or policies of bond insurance, remarketing agreements and agreements for the purpose of moderating interest rate fluctuations, and of such other agreements entered into pursuant to section 3-20a ; (D) provisions for the collection, custody, investment, reinvestment and use of the pledged revenues or other receipts, funds or moneys pledged therefor, as provided in this section; (E) provisions regarding the establishment and maintenance of reserves, sinking funds and any other funds and accounts as shall be approved by the State Bond Commission, in such amounts as may be established by the State Bond Commission, and the regulation and disposition thereof, including requirements that any such funds and accounts be held separate from or not be commingled with other funds of the state; (F) covenants for the issuance of additional bonds or the establishment of pledged revenue coverage requirements for the bonds; (G) covenants for the establishment of maintenance requirements with respect to state transportation facilities and properties; (H) provisions for the issuance of additional bonds on a parity with bonds theretofore issued, including establishment of additional bonds and coverage requirements with respect thereto as provided in this subdivision; (I) provisions regarding the rights and remedies available in case of a default to the bondowners, noteowners or any trustee under any contract, loan agreement, document, instrument or trust indenture, including the right to appoint a trustee to represent their interests upon occurrence of an event of default, as defined in said proceedings, provided if any bonds shall be secured by a trust indenture, the respective owners of such bonds shall have no authority except as set forth in such trust indenture to appoint a separate trustee to represent them; and (J) provisions or covenants of like or different character from the foregoing which are consistent with this section, and which the State Bond Commission determines in such proceedings are necessary, convenient or desirable in order to better secure the bonds, or will tend to make the bonds more marketable, and which are in the best interests of the state. Any provision which may be included in proceedings authorizing the issuance of bonds hereunder may be included in an indenture of trust duly approved in accordance with subdivision (7) of this subsection which secures the bonds and any notes issued in anticipation thereof, and in such case the provisions of such indenture shall be deemed to be a part of such proceedings as though they were expressly included therein.

(6) Any pledge made by the state shall be valid and binding from the time when the pledge is made, and any revenues or other receipts, funds or moneys so pledged and thereafter received by the state shall be subject immediately to the lien of such pledge without any physical delivery thereof or further act. The lien of any such pledge shall be valid and binding as against all parties having claims of any kind in tort, contract or otherwise against the state, irrespective of whether such parties have notice thereof. Neither the resolution nor any other instrument by which a pledge is created need be recorded.

(7) In the discretion of the State Bond Commission, bonds issued pursuant to this section may be secured by a trust indenture by and between the state and a corporate trustee, which may be any trust company or bank having the powers of a trust company within or without the state. Such trust indenture may contain such provisions for protecting and enforcing the rights and remedies of the bondowners and noteowners as may be reasonable and proper and not in violation of law, including covenants setting forth the duties of the state in relation to the exercise of its powers pursuant to the provisions of this section and the custody, safeguarding and application of all moneys. The state may provide by such trust indenture for the payment of the pledged revenues or other receipts, funds or moneys to the trustee under such trust indenture or to any other depository, and for the method of disbursement thereof, with such safeguards and restrictions as it may determine. All expenses incurred in carrying out such trust indenture may be treated as state transportation costs, as defined in subsection (a) of this section.

(8) The Treasurer shall have power to purchase bonds of the state issued pursuant to this section out of any funds available therefor. The Treasurer may hold, pledge, cancel or resell such bonds subject to and in accordance with agreements with bondowners or noteowners.

(9) Whether or not the bonds issued pursuant to this section are of such form and character as to be negotiable instruments under the terms of the Uniform Commercial Code, such bonds are hereby made negotiable instruments within the meaning of and for all purposes of the Uniform Commercial Code, subject only to the provisions of such bonds for registration.

(10) The proceeds of bonds issued pursuant to this section may be used to pay only state transportation costs. Costs incurred relating to any of the purposes for which bonds may be issued pursuant to the provisions of this section shall be deemed state transportation costs. Nothing in this subsection shall limit the issuance of refunding bonds pursuant to this section.

(11) Any moneys held by the Treasurer or by a trustee pursuant to a trust indenture with respect to bonds issued pursuant to this section, including pledged revenues, other pledged receipts, funds or moneys and proceeds from the sale of such bonds, may, pending the use or application of the proceeds thereof for an authorized purpose, be (A) invested and reinvested in such obligations, securities and investments as are set forth in subsection (f) of section 3-20 , and in participation certificates in the Short Term Investment Fund created under section 3-27a , or (B) deposited or redeposited in such bank or banks as shall be provided in the resolution authorizing the issuance of such bonds, the certificate of determination authorizing issuance of bond anticipation notes, or in the indenture securing such bonds. Proceeds from investments authorized by this subparagraph, less amounts required under the proceedings authorizing the issuance of bonds for the payment of transportation costs relating to such bonds, shall be credited to the Grant Anticipation Transportation Fund created under subsection (b) of this section.

(12) Any bonds issued under the provisions of this section, and at any time outstanding may, at any time and from time to time, be refunded by the state by the issuance of its refunding bonds in such amounts as the State Bond Commission may deem necessary, but not to exceed an amount sufficient to (A) refund the principal of the bonds to be so refunded, (B) pay any unpaid interest on such bonds and any premiums and commissions necessary to be paid in connection with such bonds, and (C) pay costs and expenses which the Treasurer may deem necessary or advantageous in connection with the authorization, sale and issuance of refunding bonds. Any such refunding may be effected whether the bonds to be refunded shall have matured or shall thereafter mature. All refunding bonds issued under this subdivision shall be payable solely from the revenues or other receipts, funds or moneys out of which the bonds to be refunded thereby are payable, and shall be subject to and may be secured in accordance with the provisions of this section.

(13) Whenever the issuance of bonds has been authorized pursuant to this section, the Treasurer may, pending the issuance thereof, and, subject to any applicable terms or provisions of the proceedings authorizing such issuances, issue, in the name of the state, bond anticipation notes and any renewals thereof. Notes evidencing such borrowings shall be designated “bond anticipation notes” and shall be signed by the Treasurer or his or her deputy. The principal of and interest on any bond anticipation notes issued pursuant to this subdivision may be repaid from pledged revenues or other pledged receipts, funds or moneys, to the extent not paid from the proceeds of renewals thereof or of the bonds. Upon the sale of the bonds, the proceeds thereof, to the extent required, shall be applied forthwith to the payment of the principal of and interest on any bond anticipation notes or shall be deposited in trust for such purpose. The date or dates of such bond anticipation notes, the maturities, denominations, form, details and other particulars of such bond anticipation notes, including the method, terms and conditions for the issue and sale thereof, shall be determined by the Treasurer in the best interest of the state. The Treasurer shall file with the secretary of the State Bond Commission on or before the date of delivery of such bond anticipation notes a certificate of determination setting forth the specific details and particulars of each issue of bond anticipation notes, including renewals thereof.

(14) The State Bond Commission may make representations and agreements for the benefit of the holders of bonds issued pursuant to this section which are necessary or appropriate to ensure the exemption of interest on such bonds from taxation under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or any subsequent corresponding internal revenue code of the United States, as from time to time amended including agreements to pay rebates to the federal government of investment earnings derived from the investment of the proceeds of bonds, or may delegate to the Treasurer the authority to make such representations and agreements on behalf of the state. Any such agreement may include (A) a covenant to pay rebates to the federal government of investment earnings derived from the investment of the proceeds of bonds, (B) a covenant that the state will not limit or alter its rebate obligations until its obligations to the holders or owners of such bonds are finally met and discharged, and (C) provisions to (i) establish trust and other accounts which may be appropriate to carry out such representations and agreements, (ii) retain fiscal agents as depositories for such funds and accounts, and (iii) provide that such fiscal agents may act as trustee of such funds and accounts. The State Bond Commission may also authorize, by a vote of a majority of the members of said commission, bonds issued pursuant to the provisions of this section in such form and manner that the interest on such bonds may be includable under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or any subsequent corresponding internal revenue code of the United States, as from time to time amended, in the gross income of the holders or owners of such bonds upon the finding by said commission that the issuance of such taxable bonds is in the public interest.

(e) (1) The state covenants with the purchasers and all subsequent owners and transferees of bonds issued by the state pursuant to this section in consideration of the acceptance of and payment for the bonds, that the principal and interest of such bonds shall be free at all times from taxation, except for estate and gift taxes, imposed by the state or by any political subdivision thereof. The Treasurer is authorized to include this covenant of the state in any agreement with the owner of any such bonds.

(2) Bonds issued pursuant to this section are hereby made securities in which all public officers and public bodies of the state and its political subdivisions, all insurance companies, credit unions, building and loan associations, investment companies, banking associations, trust companies, executors, administrators, trustees and other fiduciaries and pension, profit-sharing and retirement funds may properly and legally invest funds, including capital in their control or belonging to them. Such bonds are hereby made securities which may properly and legally be deposited with and received by any state or municipal officer or any agency or political subdivision of the state for any purpose for which the deposit of bonds or obligations of the state is now or may hereafter be authorized by law.

(3) The state covenants with the purchasers and all subsequent owners and transferees of bonds issued by the state pursuant to this section, in consideration of the acceptance of the payment for the bonds, until such bonds, together with the interest thereon, with interest on any unpaid installment of interest and all costs and expenses in connection with any action or proceeding on behalf of such owners, are fully met and discharged, or unless expressly permitted or otherwise authorized by the terms of each contract and agreement made or entered into by or on behalf of the state with or for the benefit of such owners, that the state will collect and apply the pledged revenues and other receipts, funds or moneys pledged for the payment of debt service requirements as provided in this section, in such amounts as may be necessary to pay such debt service requirements in each year in which bonds are outstanding and further, that the state: (A) Will not limit or alter the duties imposed on the Treasurer and other officers of the state by the provisions of this section and by the proceedings authorizing the issuance of bonds with respect to application of pledged revenues or other receipts, funds or moneys pledged for the payment of debt service requirements as provided by the provisions of this section; (B) will not issue any bonds, notes or other evidences of indebtedness, other than the bonds, having any rights arising out of this section or secured by any pledge of or other lien or charge on the pledged revenues or other receipts, funds or moneys pledged for the payment of debt service requirements as provided in this section; (C) will not create or cause to be created any lien or charge on such pledged amounts, other than a lien or pledge created thereon pursuant to this section, provided nothing in this section shall prevent the state from issuing evidences of indebtedness (i) which are secured by a pledge or lien which is and shall on the face thereof be expressly subordinate and junior in all respects to every lien and pledge created by or pursuant to this section; (ii) for which the full faith and credit of the state is pledged and which are not expressly secured by any specific lien or charge on such pledged amounts; or (iii) which are secured by a pledge of or lien on moneys or funds derived on or after such date as every pledge or lien thereon created by or pursuant to this section shall be discharged and satisfied; (D) will carry out and perform, or cause to be carried out and performed, each and every promise, covenant, agreement or contract made or entered into by the state or on its behalf with the owners of any bonds; (E) will not in any way impair the rights, exemptions or remedies of such owners; and (F) will not limit, modify, rescind, repeal or otherwise alter the rights or obligations of the appropriate officers of the state to collect the receipts constituting the pledged revenues as may be necessary to produce sufficient revenues to fulfill the terms of the proceedings authorizing the issuance of the bonds. The State Bond Commission is authorized to include this covenant of the state in any agreement with the owner of any such bonds.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13b-227 — Connecticut Code / Title 13b / Chapter 245 / Section 13b-227
Sec. 13b-227. (Formerly Sec. 16-75b). Railroad preservation and improvement projects.
Status: in_force

(b) In establishing tax exemption projects, the commissioner shall take into consideration: (1) The existing and prospective financial ability of the railroad, on the basis of its past and estimated future net income from freight, passenger and other sources, to comply with such projects; (2) the tax exemption projects, if any, established for such railroad by any other state or states, or any agency or political subdivision thereof; (3) the plan or plans, if any, recommended for such railroad by any committee or other group of public officers designated for such purpose by this state and by one or more other states; and (4) the reports and recommendations, if any, proposed by the United States, any state, any agency or commission of either, or by him, relating to such railroad.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13b-119 — Connecticut Code / Title 13b / Chapter 244c / Section 13b-119
Sec. 13b-119. Transportation network company driver requirements. Adoption of policies re drugs and alcohol and illness and fatigue. Operation as transportation network company driver without authority; penalty. Certification re condition of transportation network company vehicle.
Status: in_force

(b) A transportation network company shall conduct, or have a consumer reporting agency regulated under the federal Fair Credit Reporting Act conduct, a local, state and national criminal history records check, including a search of state and national sexual offender registry databases, or arrange for the fingerprinting of the individual to be submitted to the Federal Bureau of Investigation for a national criminal history records check and to the State Police Bureau of Identification for a state criminal history records check conducted in accordance with section 29-17a , at least once every three years after permitting an individual to act as a transportation network company driver.

(c) (1) No transportation network company shall permit an individual to act as a transportation network company driver on its digital network if such individual: (A) Has, during the three years prior to the date of such individual's application to be a transportation network company driver, (i) committed more than three moving violations, as defined in section 14-111g , (ii) committed one serious traffic violation, as defined in section 14-1 , or (iii) had his or her motor vehicle operator's license suspended pursuant to section 14-227b ; (B) has been convicted, within seven years prior to the date of such individual's application, of driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol, fraud, sexual offenses, use of a motor vehicle to commit a felony, acts of violence or acts of terror; (C) is included in the state sexual offenders registry or the United States Department of Justice National Sex Offender Public Website; (D) does not possess a Connecticut motor vehicle operator's license or a motor vehicle operator's license issued by a reciprocal state; (E) does not possess proof of registration for each motor vehicle such individual proposes to use as a transportation network company vehicle; or (F) is not at least nineteen years of age. For the purposes of this subsection, “reciprocal state” means a state that permits transportation network company drivers who possess a Connecticut motor vehicle operator's license to provide a prearranged ride that originates in such state.

(2) An individual who is permitted to act as a transportation network company driver shall report to the transportation network company not later than twenty-four hours after the occurrence of any of the following incidents: (A) The commission of a fourth moving violation, as defined in section 14-111g , during the past three years; (B) the commission of one serious traffic violation, as defined in section 14-1 ; (C) the suspension of his or her motor vehicle operator's license pursuant to section 14-227b ; (D) the conviction of driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol, fraud, sexual offenses, use of a motor vehicle to commit a felony, acts of violence or acts of terror; (E) inclusion in the state sexual offenders registry or the United States Department of Justice National Sex Offender Public Website; (F) failure to possess an operator's license; or (G) failure to possess proof of registration for a transportation network company vehicle. Each transportation network company that receives a report pursuant to this subdivision or becomes aware of such incident shall prohibit the individual from acting as a transportation network company driver on the company's digital network until the individual meets the qualifications of this section to be a transportation network company driver.

(d) (1) A transportation network company shall adopt a policy that a transportation network company driver shall not use or be under the influence of drugs or alcohol while the driver is connected to the company's digital network or engaged in the provision of a prearranged ride. The company shall provide notice of such policy on its Internet web site, and include procedures for a transportation network company rider to report a complaint about a driver whom the rider reasonably suspects was using or under the influence of drugs or alcohol while engaged in the provision of a prearranged ride.

(2) Upon the company's receipt of a complaint by a rider alleging a violation of such policy, the company shall suspend the driver's access to the company's digital network as soon as possible and conduct an investigation into the reported incident. The suspension shall last until completion of the investigation. If the investigation confirms the driver used or was under the influence of drugs or alcohol while engaged in the provision of a prearranged ride or while connected to the company's digital network, the company shall ban the driver's access to the digital network on a permanent basis.

(3) The company shall maintain all records related to the enforcement of such policy for a period of not less than three years from the date that a complaint by a rider is received by the company.

(e) A transportation network company shall adopt a policy that prohibits a transportation network company driver from providing a prearranged ride when such driver's ability to operate a transportation network company motor vehicle is impaired by illness, fatigue or any other condition that would likely preclude safe operation of such vehicle.

(f) A transportation network company driver shall: (1) Comply with all applicable laws regarding nondiscrimination against transportation network company riders or potential transportation network company riders on the basis of age, color, creed, destination, intellectual or physical disability, national origin, race, sex, sexual orientation or gender identity; (2) comply with all applicable laws relating to the accommodation of service animals and accommodate service animals without imposing additional charges for such accommodation; (3) comply with the policies adopted by the transportation network company pursuant to subsection (c) of section 13b-118 and subsections (d) and (e) of this section; (4) not impose additional charges for providing prearranged rides to persons with physical disabilities because of such disabilities; and (5) not solicit or accept a request for transportation unless the request is accepted through the transportation network company's digital network. For the purposes of this subsection, “service animal” has the same meaning as provided in section 22-345 .

(g) (1) Any person who holds himself or herself out to be a transportation network company driver who is not permitted by a transportation network company to use its digital network shall be guilty of a class B misdemeanor.

(2) The state shall remit to a municipality fifty per cent of the fine amount received for a violation of subdivision (1) of this subsection with respect to each summons issued by such municipality. Each clerk of the Superior Court or the Chief Court Administrator, or any other official of the Superior Court designated by the Chief Court Administrator, shall, on or before the thirtieth day of January, April, July and October in each year, certify to the Comptroller the amount due for the previous quarter under this subsection to each municipality served by the office of the clerk or official.

(h) (1) A transportation network company vehicle shall (A) have four doors; (B) not be older than twelve model years old; and (C) be designed to transport no more than eight passengers, including the driver.

(2) Before any motor vehicle is used by a transportation network company driver as a transportation network company vehicle, and every two years thereafter, the driver shall certify to the transportation network company that the following equipment is in good working order: (A) Foot brakes; (B) emergency brakes; (C) steering mechanism; (D) windshield; (E) rear window and other glass; (F) windshield wipers; (G) headlights; (H) tail lights; (I) turn indicator lights; (J) brake lights; (K) front seat adjustment mechanism; (L) doors; (M) horn; (N) speedometer; (O) bumpers; (P) muffler and exhaust system; (Q) condition of tires, including tread depth; (R) interior and exterior rearview mirrors; and (S) seat safety belts and air bags for driver and passengers. The transportation network company shall maintain such certification for not less than three years.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13a-84 — Connecticut Code / Title 13a / Chapter 238 / Section 13a-84
Sec. 13a-84. Ascertainment of damages or benefits. Remonstrance.
Status: in_force

See Sec. 7-142 re appeal from municipal assessments.

See Sec. 13a-64 re jury's reestimate of damages and benefits entered in committee's report on laying out or altering of highway.

See Sec. 13a-68 re limitations on assessment of benefits.

State property not assessable for public improvement, unless by special legislative provision. 50 C. 89. Selectmen may submit to arbitration damage to adjoining owner from change of grade. 64 C. 88. Elements of damage to land from change of grade. 66 C. 320. Landowner cannot sue for damage from change of grade till he and selectmen have failed to agree, and latter have refused, or unreasonably neglected, to apply for committee. 73 C. 351, but see 94 C. 155; 104 C. 453. For rule of damages for layout of a highway through private lands, see 93 C. 88. Only property owner can apply for jury. 85 C. 1.

In action by selectmen, costs are taxed to applicant for jury only if the jury increases damages or diminishes the assessment benefits. 9 CS 458. Cited. 11 CS 429. Selectmen proceeding under section must have the authorization of the town meeting for the alteration of existing highways. 27 CS 469.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13b-74 — Connecticut Code / Title 13b / Chapter 243 / Section 13b-74
Sec. 13b-74. Special tax obligation bonds for transportation projects. Purposes.
Status: in_force

(b) The purposes for which special tax obligation bonds may be issued pursuant to sections 13b-74 to 13b-77 , inclusive, are as follows:

(1) Planning, acquisition, removal, construction, equipping, reconstruction, repair, rehabilitation and improvement of, and acquisition of easements and rights-of-way with respect to, state highways and bridges;

(2) Payment of the state's share of the costs of planning, acquisition, removal, construction, equipping, reconstruction, repair, rehabilitation and improvement of, and acquisition of easements and rights-of-way with respect to, (A) state highways, (B) projects on the interstate highway system, (C) alternate highway projects in the interstate highway substitution program, commonly referred to as the interstate trade-in program, (D) state bridges, (E) mass transportation and transit facilities, (F) aeronautic facilities, excluding Bradley International Airport, and (G) waterway projects;

(3) Payment of the state's share of the costs of planning, acquisition, removal, construction, equipping, reconstruction, repair, rehabilitation and improvement of, and acquisition of easements and rights-of-way with respect to, the local bridge program established under sections 13a-175p to 13a-175u , inclusive, and payment of state contributions to the Local Bridge Revolving Fund established under section 13a-175r ;

(4) Planning, acquisition, removal, construction, equipping, reconstruction, repair, rehabilitation and improvement of, and acquisition of easements and rights-of-way with respect to, the highway safety program, including the rail-highway crossing, hazard elimination and other highway safety programs on the state highway system;

(5) Planning, acquisition, removal, construction, equipping, reconstruction, repair, rehabilitation and improvement of, and acquisition of easements and rights-of-way with respect to, the maintenance garages and administrative facilities of the Department of Transportation;

(6) Planning, acquisition, removal, construction, equipping, reconstruction, repair, rehabilitation and improvement of, and acquisition of easements and rights-of-way with respect to, projects and purposes included in section 13b-57h ;

(7) Payment of funds made available to towns, as provided in sections 13a-175a to 13a-175e , inclusive, 13a-175i and 13a-175j , for the purposes set forth in sections 13a-175a , 13a-175d and 13a-175j ;

(8) Payment of funds to any municipality or local planning agency for transportation improvements pursuant to section 13a-98n ; and

(9) Grants for commercial rail freight lines pursuant to section 13b-236 .

(c) Upon authorization of bonds by the State Bond Commission pursuant to subsection (a) of this section, the principal amount of the bonds authorized therein for transportation costs with respect to such projects and uses shall be deemed to be an appropriation and allocation of such amount for such projects or uses, respectively, and, subject to approval by the Governor of allotment thereof and to any authorization for such projects or uses that may otherwise be required, contracts may be awarded and obligations incurred with respect to any such projects or uses in amounts not in the aggregate exceeding the principal amount authorized therefor, notwithstanding that such contracts and obligations may at a particular time exceed the amount of the proceeds from the sale of such bonds theretofore received by the state.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13a-175j — Connecticut Code / Title 13a / Chapter 240 / Section 13a-175j
Sec. 13a-175j. Emergency aid for roads, bridges, and dams to repair damage resulting from natural disaster.
Status: in_force

See chapter 446j re dams and reservoirs.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13a-103 — Connecticut Code / Title 13a / Chapter 238 / Section 13a-103
Sec. 13a-103. Complaint to court for failure of town to maintain highway.
Status: in_force

Under former statute, agent for repair of road not personally liable for expense of repair. 3 C. 564. Complaint by state's attorney for replacement of bridge not maintainable. 9 C. 35. Condition of highway may be compared with others similar. 67 C. 536. Condition of highway a question of fact. Id., 537. Whether a road is a public highway is a question of fact, to be determined by the commissioners and Superior Court. 70 C. 102. Want of repair question of fact; construction of new highway at elevation above old held not a repair. 75 C. 271. Applied to road laid out by railroad commissioners. 76 C. 58. Cited. 127 C. 57. Appeal from order directing town to repair road continued on court docket pending determination of question whether such town had effectively discontinued such road. 148 C. 113. Where town discontinued a highway under Sec. 13a-49, plaintiff user allowed recovery where his only access to public highway was cut off by discontinuance. 158 C. 276. Town is responsible under section only for highways which have been dedicated in accordance with the statutes; Secs. 13a-48, 13a-71 and 8-25 may not be circumvented by claims of a common law dedication. 159 C. 107. An unimproved portion of a road was not a public highway and no municipal duty arose with respect to it since there had been no express or implied dedication and acceptance of the property. 180 C. 435. Cited. 234 C. 390.

Cited. 5 CA 448; 12 CA 153; 17 CA 111; 29 CA 18.

Cited. 11 CS 429. Section will not avail those seeking to have highway boundaries defined. 15 CS 404.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13a-152 — Connecticut Code / Title 13a / Chapter 238 / Section 13a-152
Sec. 13a-152. Damages for failure to maintain railing or fence.
Status: in_force

No liability for consequential damage. 17 C. 480. Railroad company authorized to alter highway liable to town for damages incurred by omission to erect railings. 27 C. 158. Contributory negligence. 29 C. 204. Liability for hole some distance from road. 30 C. 543. Town liable for injury from want of railing. 36 C. 324; 37 C. 199. Testimony that no previous accident resulted from use of bridge without railing inadmissible, unless previous use like plaintiff's. 43 C. 41; 62 C. 8. Expert testimony admissible as to necessity of railing. 43 C. 41. Omission to allege raising of highway above adjoining ground cured by verdict. 46 C. 263. Section does not apply to open basement descents on city streets. 50 C. 538. Whether row of trees is a sufficient fence is a question for the jury. 62 C. 13. Degree of protection required. 75 C. 290; 81 C. 65; 89 C. 31; 105 C. 360. Highway commissioner liable in case of trunk line or state aid highways. 94 C. 542; Id., 596; 105 C. 360. Railing or fence should make road reasonably safe for reasonable use of traveling public. 110 C. 68. Liability is not based on negligence but on breach of statutory duty; Sec. 52-114 does not apply. 119 C. 479; 133 C. 246. Highway commissioner's duty to erect fence at raised points to be guided by standard of reasonable safety under the circumstances. 121 C. 88, 94. Cited. Id., 383; Id., 616. Action for death due to highway defect survives; not a penal statute within meaning of Sec. 52-599. 122 C. 80, 95, 96. Imposes a duty which may involve the manner of construction of fence or railing. Id., 98. Cited. 123 C. 449. Jury to say if municipality should make fence sufficient to guard against skidding. 129 C. 699. Cited. 134 C. 220; 137 C. 288; 153 C. 439; 235 C. 408.

Cited. 1 CS 136; 3 CS 12; 4 CS 481; 5 CS 374. Right to sue political subdivision of the state may be revoked. 6 CS 491. Concerned only with duty imposed in Sec. 13a-99; applicable to New Haven. 8 CS 204. Cited. 18 CS 501. Facts necessary to support an allegation. 19 CS 101.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13b-20e — Connecticut Code / Title 13b / Chapter 242 / Section 13b-20e
Sec. 13b-20e. Prequalification of consultants. Letters of interest for provision of consultant services.
Status: in_force

(b) Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, any consultant, who has not submitted his qualifications to the department, pursuant to subsection (a) of this section, shall not be eligible to perform consultant services for the department. Any prequalified consultant, who has submitted his qualifications to the department, pursuant to subsection (a) of this section, who desires to provide consultant services to the department in response to a notice published in accordance with the provisions of section 13b-20g shall submit only a letter of interest to that effect.

(c) If the prequalified list contains less than five consulting firms or does not include a consultant with a particular expertise required by the department, any consultant may submit a letter of interest to the department in response to a notice published, in accordance with the provisions of section 13b-20g . The letter of interest shall set forth the consultant's qualifications for performing the specific service sought by the department. The selection panel shall then develop a qualified list of consultants in accordance with sections 13b-20i and 13b-20j .
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13b-200a — Connecticut Code / Title 13b / Chapter 245 / Section 13b-200a
Sec. 13b-200a. State rail plan.
Status: in_force

(b) Not later than sixty days prior to submission of the state rail plan as required by P.L. 110-432, the Department of Transportation shall submit such proposed plan to the joint standing committees of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to transportation and finance, revenue and bonding. Such submission shall also include information on the process followed in preparing such proposed plan, the persons and entities consulted, any recommendations received from regional agencies and municipalities, and the department's response to such recommendations.

(c) Not later than thirty days after said committees' receipt of such proposed plan, said committees shall convene a joint public hearing on such proposed plan. Not later than fourteen days after such public hearing, said committees shall advise the department of their suggested modifications, if any, to such proposed plan.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13a-57b — Connecticut Code / Title 13a / Chapter 238 / Section 13a-57b
Sec. 13a-57b. Areas for bicycles and pedestrians.
Status: in_force

See Sec. 13a-141 et seq. for related provisions re bridle paths, pedestrian walks and bicycle paths and trails.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13b-38t — Connecticut Code / Title 13b / Chapter 242 / Section 13b-38t
Sec. 13b-38t. Assistance to Department of Transportation from Labor Commissioner.
Status: in_force

See Sec. 13b-38a re establishment of commuter programs, advice and assistance to employers, traffic management programs and task force to develop transportation management plans.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13a-76 — Connecticut Code / Title 13a / Chapter 238 / Section 13a-76
Sec. 13a-76. Reassessment of damages or benefits by judge trial referee or court.
Status: in_force

On appeal under section, no question of validity of assessment can be raised. 113 C. 660. Cited. 116 C. 124; 117 C. 139; 125 C. 417. Function of court goes no further than to determine amount due plaintiff. 127 C. 464; 129 C. 117. Cited. Id., 250; 134 C. 228; 137 C. 300. When report of referee reassessing damages may be overturned; correct procedure for attacking findings contained in such report. 147 C. 685. Cited. 148 C. 731. Existence of sand and gravel on property should be considered as factor in damages insofar as it affects marked value of land. Id., 736. Cited. 149 C. 210. The referee should include the entire reasonable cost of moving plaintiff's equipment in determining the fair market value of the property taken. 150 C. 32. Cited. Id., 524; 152 C. 353, 354; 153 C. 292. Referee should consider market value of renewal options in determining value of leasehold. Id., 377. Cited. Id., 718. Where there was credible evidence by experts of value of plaintiff's property to support referee's conclusion, court did not err in overruling plaintiff's exceptions to report of referee. 155 C. 602. Motion to reopen hearing by referee to introduce further evidence denied where there was no showing by plaintiff that evidence to be offered could not have been produced at hearing. 156 C. 70. State's appraiser may be required by condemnee to testify to his expert opinion concerning value of condemned property. Id., 166. Cited. 163 C. 204. Where portion of parcel is taken and remainder of land is not taken, either by right of statutory authority or in a constitutional sense, owner has no direct cause of action against condemnor but is left to recover any severance damage under section. 169 C. 195. Condemnation proceeding is limited to reassessment of damages caused by taking. 172 C. 182. Cited. Id., 234. Time limit for appeal from assessment extended to 6 months from date of Superior Court judgment. 173 C. 220. Cited. 174 C. 323. Where appeal based on determination of damages, only referee(s) may not assess benefits. 176 C. 391. Court correctly considered cost to cure expenditures in determining the after value of remaining land after taking. 177 C. 432. Cited. 178 C. 710; 180 C. 11. Denial of access was a foreseeable, necessary, natural and proximate result of the taking and the property owner was entitled to compensation. Id., 355, 356, 360. Although under statute the Superior Court clerk is required, following a final judgment in a condemnation proceeding, to send to the State Comptroller certified copies of both the assessment and the judgment, clerk's failure to send copy of assessment did not impair plaintiff's right to pursue its mandamus actions. 187 C. 171. Cited. 192 C. 377; 203 C. 364; 209 C. 480; 211 C. 173; Id., 382; 214 C. 225; 215 C. 437; 236 C. 710. 6-month limitation period for filing an application for reassessment is not subject matter jurisdictional but is analogous to a statute of limitations, requiring Commissioner of Transportation to raise in a timely manner property owner's failure to comply with such provision with failure to do so constituting a waiver of the defense; since commissioner failed to raise issue of property owner's failure to file her reassessment applications in a timely manner, commissioner's claim of untimely filing was waived; trial court has burden of “causing notice” of property owner's application for reassessment to be given commissioner; property owner was not required to initiate and serve notice of her application on commissioner, and there is no language in statute to support commissioner's construction allocating burden to property owner to initiate and serve notice on commissioner. 262 C. 257.

Because appeal under section is a trial de novo, motion for summary judgment available. 11 CA 439. Cited. 35 CA 9; 36 CA 49. Trial court's failure to award appraisal fees was clearly erroneous because it was presented with facts and evidence from which it could have determined a reasonable appraisal fee in the exercise of its discretion. 109 CA 16. There is no statutory authority for awarding a prevailing party title search fees as costs against state in a condemnation action taken pursuant to section; reassessment of damages under section did not affect title to defendant's properties because proceeding did not have influence on or bring about a change in ownership of properties. 121 CA 13. Issue of reimbursement expenses for business relocation falls under purview of Secs. 8-268 and 8-278, is outside scope of compensation for the taking of real property and is not an essential term of settlement agreement pursuant to this section. 189 CA 828.

Cited. 4 CS 474; 6 CS 335. An injunction will not lie in condemnation if there is an adequate remedy at law. Id., 393. Does not determine relative rights of interested persons who claim reverter interests. 9 CS 497. Section affords no review of validity of the condemnation. 11 CS 39. If all means of access to property are taken, measure of damages is value of the property. 14 CS 138. Cited. 17 CS 47. Court in awarding appraisal fees is not bound by Sec. 52-257; elements to be considered by court in determining what is a reasonable appraisal fee. 21 CS 343. Cited. 24 CS 391. Appeal from a condemnation proceeding is limited in scope to a reassessment of damages. 27 CS 23. Cited. Id., 287. Referee directed to file a report when case had been heard before enactment of Sec. 51-50f. Id., 494. State referee's report rejected and matter referred to another referee when the conclusion that the building on the condemned property was of no value was not sustained by the findings of fact. 28 CS 68. Cited. 34 CS 194, 195. Statutory condition subsequent for an appeal to be taken in a condemnation proceeding under section discussed; court lacks jurisdiction to hear appeal by owner for reassessment of damages under section where commissioner was not served with notice of the appeal and return of service ordered by the court was never filed. 46 CS 623.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13a-115 — Connecticut Code / Title 13a / Chapter 238 / Section 13a-115
Sec. 13a-115. Closing highways under construction, maintenance or repair.
Status: in_force

(b) If in the course of construction, reconstruction, maintenance or repair of any state highway, the commissioner finds it necessary to close a highway or bridge of any town, city, borough or municipal corporation, he shall have the authority to do so in the manner provided in subsection (a) of this section and the provisions of said subsection and section 13a-145 shall be applicable thereto.

See Sec. 13a-145 re use of closed highway at user's risk.

See Sec. 13a-257 re contractors' liability.

Cited. 27 CA 734.

Cited. 39 CS 234.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13b-401 — Connecticut Code / Title 13b / Chapter 245c / Section 13b-401
Sec. 13b-401. (Formerly Sec. 16-295). Terms and conditions of permit.
Status: in_force

Annotations to former section 16-295:

Cited. 148 C. 682; 149 C. 486.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13b-265 — Connecticut Code / Title 13b / Chapter 245a / Section 13b-265
Sec. 13b-265. (Formerly Sec. 16-95). Crossing highway or watercourse.
Status: in_force

See Sec. 13b-267 re restrictions upon construction of railroad crossing at grade level.

See Sec. 13b-288 re inclusion of provisions of section as part of railroad company's charter.

Annotations to former section 16-95:

Excavations or embankments made by railroad company, affecting value of adjoining property, are a ground for damage. 21 C. 309; 22 C. 87. Location of substituted highway by commissioners is not subject to review. 27 C. 146. If company fails to restore highway, it must indemnify town if town becomes liable for defect. Id., 158. Company liable for injury arising from culvert which it left uncovered in street. 29 C. 434. Where proper change of highway is once made, company is not bound to make further change by reason of increased travel. 45 C. 331. Where company built bridge, and injury resulted because borough raised highway beneath, company was not liable. 54 C. 591. Where municipal rights under charters and railroad rights under general statutes in streets conflict, railroad rights prevail. 66 C. 223. Commission may discontinue old highway and lay out new one. 76 C. 58.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13a-142 — Connecticut Code / Title 13a / Chapter 238 / Section 13a-142
Sec. 13a-142. Bridle paths along Merritt Parkway.
Status: in_force

See Sec. 13a-153 re state liability for bridle paths and injuries incurring on them.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13b-16 — Connecticut Code / Title 13b / Chapter 242 / Section 13b-16
Sec. 13b-16. Assessment of modes of transportation. Experimental projects.
Status: in_force

(b) The commissioner may engage in experimental projects relating to any available or future mode of transportation, including but not limited to, high speed rail service, the development of heliports and any means of improving existing transportation facilities and services. The commissioner may be assisted by the boards, councils, commissions, state agencies and regional planning organizations referred to in subsection (a) of this section, in connection with any such project.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13b-251 — Connecticut Code / Title 13b / Chapter 245a / Section 13b-251
Sec. 13b-251. (Formerly Sec. 16-82a). Overhead clearances for railroad tracks. Approval by legislature.
Status: in_force

(b) For the purposes of this section, “overhead clearance” means the distance from the plane formed by the top of the rails to a structure or obstruction above the rails and “deck replacement” means the removal and replacement of the bridge deck and supporting members.

(c) Any proposed legislation which grants an exemption from the minimum overhead clearance requirements in subsection (a) of this section shall be accompanied by a written statement from the Department of Transportation which shall include the following information: (1) The impacts associated with raising the bridge to meet the clearance requirements; (2) the estimated cost of raising the bridge to meet the clearance requirements; and (3) an assessment, including the estimated cost, of the feasibility of increasing the clearance by undercutting at least one track of the railroad or by a combination of undercutting and raising the bridge to meet the clearance requirements.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13b-410a — Connecticut Code / Title 13b / Chapter 245c / Section 13b-410a
Sec. 13b-410a. Interstate motor carriers regulated by federal unified carrier registration system. Annual filing fees.
Status: in_force

(b) The Commissioner of Motor Vehicles shall continue to require each haul-for-hire motor carrier to make an annual payment, in an amount not to exceed ten dollars, per owned and operated vehicle for filings made with the Department of Motor Vehicles required by the single state registration system, established in accordance with 49 USC 14504, as amended, until the occurrence of the transition termination date, as defined in 49 USC 13902(f), as amended.

(c) The commissioner is authorized to participate in the unified carrier registration plan and agreement, established in accordance with 49 USC 14504a, as amended, and to file on behalf of the state the plan required by the provisions of 49 USC 14504a(e).
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13a-157 — Connecticut Code / Title 13a / Chapter 239 / Section 13a-157
Sec. 13a-157. Bulkeley Bridge and Founders Bridge to be toll-free. Removal of tolls on the Bissell Bridge, Charter Oak Bridge and Putnam Bridge.
Status: in_force

(b) At such time as the bonds that were issued in accordance with subdivision (3) of subsection (a) of section 13a-176 have been retired, the commissioner may, subject to approval by the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management, maintain and operate the Captain John Bissell Bridge for vehicular traffic free of tolls if it becomes necessary to satisfy conditions stipulated by the United States Department of Transportation for federal-aid highway participation in the implementation of necessary improvements to the Captain John Bissell Bridge and to its approaches.

(c) The commissioner may, subject to approval by the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management, maintain and operate the Charter Oak Bridge for vehicular traffic free of tolls at such time as certain related safety projects collectively called the “Greater Hartford Safety Improvements Program” as presently written or subsequently amended have been implemented or at any earlier time when, in the opinion of the Commissioner of Transportation, such maintenance and operation free of tolls is necessary to satisfy the United States Department of Transportation conditions for federal-aid highway participation in such implementation.

(d) At such time as the bonds that were issued in accordance with subdivision (3) of subsection (a) of section 13a-176 have been retired, the commissioner may, subject to approval by the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management, maintain and operate the Putnam Bridge for vehicular traffic free of tolls if it becomes necessary to satisfy conditions stipulated by the United States Department of Transportation for federal-aid highway participation in the extension of Connecticut Route 3 approaches to the bridge from the vicinity of Naubuc Avenue in Glastonbury to Connecticut Route 2 in the vicinity of the Glastonbury-East Hartford town line.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13b-39 — Connecticut Code / Title 13b / Chapter 242 / Section 13b-39
Sec. 13b-39. Jurisdiction over and responsibility for aeronautics.
Status: in_force

(b) The Connecticut Airport Authority, acting through the executive director of the authority, shall have general responsibility for aeronautics in the state with all the powers and duties established under chapter 266, this chapter and as otherwise provided by law.

Cited. 201 C. 700.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13a-80 — Connecticut Code / Title 13a / Chapter 238 / Section 13a-80
Sec. 13a-80. Sale or lease of land by commissioner. Auctions. Appraisals. Offer to agencies and abutting landowners.
Status: in_force

(b) The Department of Transportation shall obtain a full appraisal on excess property prior to its sale and shall hold a public bid or auction for all properties determined to be legal lots of record. If the department does not receive any bids at the initial public bid or auction, the department may continue to market the property and accept offers for sale or hold another bid or auction. Transfers to other state agencies and municipalities for purposes specified by the department shall be exempt from the appraisal requirement. The department shall offer parcels that are legal lots of record to other state agencies prior to a public bid or auction and shall offer parcels that are not legal lots of record to abutting landowners in accordance with department regulations. If the sale or transfer of property pursuant to this section results in the existing property of an abutting landowner becoming a nonconforming use, pursuant to local zoning requirements, the commissioner may sell or transfer the property to such abutting landowner without public bid or auction. The department shall obtain a second appraisal if the value of such property is more than two hundred fifty thousand dollars and is to be sold to an abutting landowner or in accordance with the provisions of subsection (c) of this section. Any appraisals shall be obtained prior to the determination of a sale price of the excess property.

(c) Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 3-14b and 4b-21 , no residential property upon which a single-family dwelling is situated at the time it is obtained by the department for highway purposes may be sold or transferred pursuant to this section within twenty-five years of the date of its acquisition without the department's first offering the owner or owners of the property at the time of its acquisition a right of first refusal to purchase the property at the amount of its appraised value as determined in accordance with the provisions of subsection (b) of this section. Notice of such offer shall be sent to each such owner by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, within one year of the date a determination is made that such property is not necessary for highway purposes. Any such offer shall be terminated by the department if it has not received written notice of the owner's acceptance of the offer within sixty days of the date it was mailed. The commissioner shall adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, establishing procedures for the disposition of excess property pursuant to the provisions of this subsection in the event such property is owned by more than one person.

(d) Where the department has in good faith and with reasonable diligence attempted to ascertain the identity of persons entitled to notice under subsection (c) of this section and mailed notice to the last-known address of record of those ascertained, the failure to in fact notify those persons entitled thereto shall not invalidate any subsequent disposition of property pursuant to this section.

Cited. 150 C. 526.

Cited. 9 CA 514.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13a-239 — Connecticut Code / Title 13a / Chapter 240 / Section 13a-239
Sec. 13a-239. Bond issue.
Status: in_force

(b) The bonds issued pursuant to said sections 13a-239 to 13a-246 , inclusive, shall be general obligations of the state and the full faith and credit of the state of Connecticut are pledged for the payment of the principal of and interest on said bonds as the same become due and accordingly, and as part of the contract of the state with the holders of said bonds, appropriation of all amounts necessary for punctual payment of such principal and interest is hereby made, and the Treasurer shall pay such principal and interest as the same become due.

(c) All provisions of section 3-20 , which are not inconsistent with the provisions of said sections 13a-239 to 13a-246 , inclusive, or the exercise of any right or power granted hereby shall apply to all bonds authorized pursuant to said sections 13a-239 to 13a-246 , inclusive.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13b-288 — Connecticut Code / Title 13b / Chapter 245a / Section 13b-288
Sec. 13b-288. (Formerly Sec. 16-116). Statutes made part of charters.
Status: in_force

See Sec. 13b-264 re consideration of provisions re branch lines as addition to and amendment of all railroad companies charters.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13b-292 — Connecticut Code / Title 13b / Chapter 245a / Section 13b-292
Sec. 13b-292. (Formerly Sec. 16-119a). Private crossings; protection requirements.
Status: in_force

(b) Each town, city or borough shall erect and maintain traffic control devices within the limits of the railroad right-of-way at each private crossing, or each town, city or borough shall require the person, association or corporation that owns or has the right to use such crossing to erect and maintain such traffic control devices at each private crossing. Such order shall specify the time within which such protective measures shall be installed. Upon failure of a person, association or corporation to comply with an order issued pursuant to this subsection, the required installation shall be made by the authority issuing such order and the expense of such installation shall be a lien on premises owned by such person, association or corporation. If under the provisions of subsection (d) of this section the Commissioner of Transportation orders the erection of traffic control devices at a private crossing and the town, city or borough within which such crossing is located fails to erect or have erected such devices within the period prescribed in such order, the Commissioner of Transportation shall order the railroad to erect such devices and the expense of such erection shall be a lien on premises owned by the person, association or corporation that owns or has the right to use such crossing. If the Commissioner of Transportation prescribes traffic control measures in addition to traffic control devices, the town, city or borough shall invoke the provisions of this subsection for the purpose of complying with such order, and the cost of such compliance shall be borne by the property owner.

(c) The town, city or borough within which any private way leads to a private crossing from a town, city or borough highway, and the Commissioner of Transportation, in the case of any private way which leads to a private crossing from a state highway, shall erect and maintain at the entrance to such private way a suitable sign warning of the railroad grade crossing.

(d) The Commissioner of Transportation shall give notice of the commissioner's intent to (1) prescribe or order traffic control devices or traffic control measures under subsection (a) or (b) of this section; (2) afford any person an opportunity to present evidence on the impact; (3) render findings of fact; and (4) issue a decision before prescribing the nature of traffic control devices and traffic control measures to be erected at each private crossing and at approaches to such private crossings. The commissioner's decision shall not constitute a final decision in a contested case and shall not be subject to appeal under section 4-183 .

(e) The Commissioner of Transportation shall make all necessary orders for the closing of any private crossing if the commissioner finds that the necessity for such crossing has ceased or that such private crossing constitutes a hazard to public safety. The commissioner shall (1) give notice of intent to issue such orders; (2) afford any person an opportunity to present evidence on the impact of such orders; (3) render findings of fact; and (4) issue a decision before making all necessary orders for the permanent closing of any private crossing if the commissioner finds that the necessity for such crossing has ceased or that such private crossing constitutes a hazard to public safety. The commissioner's decision shall not constitute a final decision in a contested case and shall not be subject to appeal under section 4-183 . The commissioner may order the consolidation into one crossing of two or more private crossings located in close proximity to each other.

(f) The provisions of section 13b-281 shall apply to private crossings.

(g) Representatives of towns, cities, boroughs, railroads and state agencies may enter private ways, drives or other facilities to the extent required to perform their duties pursuant to this section.

(h) Any person who fails to comply with traffic control measures or traffic control devices installed pursuant to this section shall be fined not more than one hundred dollars.

Annotations to former section 16-119a:

Test under section is whether in fact at the time of examination the road is other than a public highway; regardless of its early history, the record supports the conclusion the road in dispute is now a public highway. 154 C. 674.

Subsec. (b):

Municipality not liable to individual for failure to maintain traffic control device. 25 CS 124.

Annotation to present section:

Cited. 33 CA 775.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13a-39 — Connecticut Code / Title 13a / Chapter 238 / Section 13a-39
Sec. 13a-39. Selectmen to define bounds of highway.
Status: in_force

See Sec. 13a-37 re determination of boundaries by Transportation Commissioner.

As to former acts. 73 C. 575. Scope of act; procedure before selectmen. 83 C. 101. All steps provided to be strictly followed; various points considered. 84 C. 646. Legislature intended board of selectmen to determine the width and length of the highway under section. 309 C. 608. Prior judicial determination of a highway's public status is not a jurisdictional condition precedent to a proceeding under section and various mistakes made by board of selectmen during proceeding were not jurisdictional because they did not implicate notice to the public, thus allowing any defect to be cured by trial de novo under Sec. 13a-40. 328 C. 615.

Cited. 14 CA 521. Town's board of selectmen exceeded its authority when it determined that a highway existed on plaintiff's property where a highway did not previously exist. 131 CA 24; judgment reversed, see 309 C. 608. Recourse to section presupposes a prior determination that the road in question has been deemed a public highway. 137 CA 1.

Cited. 11 CS 429. Selectmen have no discretion; their duty is precise. 15 CS 404. Cited. 27 CS 472.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13a-175f — Connecticut Code / Title 13a / Chapter 240 / Section 13a-175f
Sec. 13a-175f. Purchase of materials by Transportation Department and towns. Commissioner to test materials.
Status: in_force

See Sec. 13b-31 re Transportation Commissioner's authority to furnish supervision, inspectors and engineers to assist towns in highway and bridge projects.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13b-13b — Connecticut Code / Title 13b / Chapter 242 / Section 13b-13b
Sec. 13b-13b. Transportation Policy Advisory Council.
Status: in_force

(b) The council shall consist of the following members:

(1) One appointed by the speaker of the House of Representatives;

(2) One appointed by the president pro tempore of the Senate;

(3) One appointed by the majority leader of the House of Representatives;

(4) One appointed by the majority leader of the Senate;

(5) One appointed by the minority leader of the House of Representatives;

(6) One appointed by the minority leader of the Senate;

(7) The Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management, or the secretary's designee;

(8) The Commissioner of Economic and Community Development, or the commissioner's designee;

(9) The Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection, or the commissioner's designee;

(10) The Commissioner of Housing, or the commissioner's designee;

(11) The State Treasurer, or the Treasurer's designee; and

(12) Two appointed by the Governor.

(c) The council shall consist of the following ex-officio, nonvoting members: (1) The Commissioner of Transportation, or the commissioner's designee, and (2) the chairpersons and ranking members of the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to transportation.

(d) Any member of the council appointed under subdivisions (1) to (6), inclusive, of subsection (b) of this section may be a member of the General Assembly.

(e) All initial appointments to the council shall be made not later than December 1, 2017.

(f) The Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management, or the secretary's designee, shall serve as the chairperson of the council. Such chairperson shall schedule the first meeting of the council, which shall be held not later than February 1, 2018.

(g) The council shall be within the Office of Policy and Management for administrative purposes only.

(h) The terms of the appointed members of the council shall be coterminous with the terms of the appointing authority for each member and subject to the provisions of section 4-1a . Any vacancy on the council shall be filled by the appointing authority.

(i) Three-fourths of the voting members of the council shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of any business.

(j) The members of the council shall serve without compensation, but shall, within available appropriations, be reimbursed for expenses necessarily incurred in the performance of their duties.

(k) The council shall have the following powers and duties:

(1) To develop and recommend policies for improving transportation planning and the selection of transportation projects;

(2) To review the five-year transportation capital plan for the state developed annually by the Department of Transportation, examine the impact of such plan on the present and future transportation needs of the state and evaluate whether such plan assures the development and maintenance of an adequate, safe and efficient transportation system;

(3) To conduct a public hearing annually on the five-year transportation capital plan for the state and seek testimony from metropolitan planning organizations, as defined in 23 USC 134, as amended from time to time, regarding transportation projects to be conducted or being conducted within the boundaries of their respective metropolitan planning areas;

(4) To advise the Commissioner of Transportation on policies and procedures to promote economic development, transit-oriented development, housing development, access to employment, environmental protection and the specific needs of geographic areas of the state;

(5) To review the assessment of transportation projects prepared and submitted pursuant to subsection (e) of section 13b-13c ;

(6) To obtain from any executive department, board, commission or other agency of the state such assistance and data as necessary and available to carry out the purposes of this section; and

(7) To perform such other acts as may be necessary and appropriate to carry out the duties described in this section.

(l) The council may establish committees at any time to advise the council in carrying out its duties. Each committee shall be composed of transportation professionals, advocates and other interested stakeholders.

(m) Not later than January 1, 2019, and annually thereafter, the council shall submit, in accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a , a report on its activities to the joint standing committees of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to transportation and finance, revenue and bonding.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13b-20h — Connecticut Code / Title 13b / Chapter 242 / Section 13b-20h
Sec. 13b-20h. Selection panel. Responsibilities. Meetings.
Status: in_force

(b) Meetings of a selection panel may be called any time during normal working hours. All motions and decisions shall require for passage the affirmative vote of at least three of the members.

(c) A selection panel shall screen all responses submitted in proper form for a project and shall select five consultant firms for further consideration for appointment and award of a contract. If fewer than five responses are received, all responses shall be considered as eligible for further consideration.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13b-389 — Connecticut Code / Title 13b / Chapter 245c / Section 13b-389
Sec. 13b-389. (Formerly Sec. 16-283). Certificate of public convenience and necessity. Penalty. Amounts remitted to municipality.
Status: in_force

(b) (1) Any person, other than a household goods carrier who has obtained such certificate, who holds himself or herself out as a household goods carrier with intent to obtain a benefit or to injure or defraud another, shall be guilty of a class B misdemeanor.

(2) The state shall remit to a municipality fifty per cent of the fine amount received for a violation of subdivision (1) of this subsection with respect to each summons issued by such municipality. Each clerk of the Superior Court or the Chief Court Administrator, or any other official of the Superior Court designated by the Chief Court Administrator, shall, on or before the thirtieth day of January, April, July and October in each year, certify to the Comptroller the amount due for the previous quarter under this subsection to each municipality served by the office of the clerk or official.

Annotations to former section 16-283:

Cited. 122 C. 298; 145 C. 617. When an individual or a corporation carries on an activity which can be lawfully carried on only under a franchise granted by public authority, it is liable for bodily harm caused to others by the negligence of a contractor employed to do work in carrying on the activity. 148 C. 398. Cited. Id., 681. Proof required to obtain certificate of public convenience and necessity is greater and stronger than proof required under Sec. 16-294 to show proposed operation “is not inconsistent with the public interest”. Id., 682. Cited. 219 C. 168.

Annotation to present section:

Cited. 219 C. 168.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13a-74 — Connecticut Code / Title 13a / Chapter 238 / Section 13a-74
Sec. 13a-74. Payment of damages.
Status: in_force

See Sec. 13a-25 re appointment of additional referees for land acquisition proceedings.

Annotations to former statute:

Cited. 113 C. 653; 125 C. 417; 127 C. 464; 129 C. 250; 149 C. 213.

Cited. 8 CS 397. Does not determine relative rights of interested persons who may claim reverter interests. 9 CS 497. Cited. 11 CS 39; 17 CS 47.

Annotations to present section:

Cited. 163 C. 22; 176 C. 391.

Cited. 28 CS 69.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13a-70 — Connecticut Code / Title 13a / Chapter 238 / Section 13a-70
Sec. 13a-70. Bond to construct highway when application pending in court.
Status: in_force

Giving of bond not sufficient to support new petition for road once rejected. 35 C. 526. Bond may be amended. 45 C. 237. Form of bond. 48 C. 288. Bond may be given where highway includes drawbridge. 50 C. 250.

Cited. 11 CS 429.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13b-341 — Connecticut Code / Title 13b / Chapter 245b / Section 13b-341
Sec. 13b-341. (Formerly Sec. 16-157). Use for switching regulated on petition.
Status: in_force

Annotation to former section 16-157:

Purpose and effect of section. 84 C. 581.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13b-392 — Connecticut Code / Title 13b / Chapter 245c / Section 13b-392
Sec. 13b-392. (Formerly Sec. 16-286). Considerations for granting certificate.
Status: in_force

Annotations to former section 16-286:

Cited. 145 C. 617; 148 C. 681; 219 C. 168; 226 C. 105; 242 C. 152.

Annotations to present section:

Cited. 219 C. 168; 226 C. 105; 235 C. 334.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13b-340 — Connecticut Code / Title 13b / Chapter 245b / Section 13b-340
Sec. 13b-340. (Formerly Sec. 16-156). Use of highway for switching.
Status: in_force

Annotation to former section 16-156:

Origin and purpose of section. 82 C. 3.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13b-57d — Connecticut Code / Title 13b / Chapter 242a / Section 13b-57d
Sec. 13b-57d. Definitions.
Status: repealed

(1) “Department” means the Department of Transportation;

(2) “Commissioner” means the Commissioner of Transportation;

(3) “TIA corridor plan” means a twenty-year strategic plan for transportation in a corridor and any updates or other revisions to such plan;

(4) “Transportation project” means any planning, capital or operating project with regard to transportation undertaken by the state;

(5) “Local planning agency” means a metropolitan planning organization, as provided in 23 USC 134, or a council, as defined in subdivision (4) of section 4-124i ;

(6) “TIA” means transportation investment area;

(7) “Coastal corridor” and “coastal corridor TIA” means the following towns and the roads, highways, bridges, waterways, ports and airports in such towns: Ansonia, Beacon Falls, Bethany, Bethel, Bethlehem, Branford, Bridgeport, Bridgewater, Brookfield, Cheshire, Danbury, Darien, Derby, East Haven, Easton, Fairfield, Greenwich, Guilford, Hamden, Madison, Meriden, Middlebury, Milford, Monroe, Naugatuck, New Canaan, New Fairfield, New Haven, New Milford, Newtown, North Branford, North Haven, Norwalk, Orange, Oxford, Prospect, Redding, Ridgefield, Seymour, Shelton, Sherman, Southbury, Stamford, Stratford, Thomaston, Trumbull, Wallingford, Waterbury, Watertown, West Haven, Weston, Westport, Wilton, Wolcott, Woodbridge and Woodbury;

(8) “I-84 corridor” and “I-84 TIA” means the following towns and the roads, highways, bridges, waterways, ports and airports in such towns: Andover, Ansonia, Avon, Barkhamsted, Beacon Falls, Berlin, Bethel, Bethlehem, Bloomfield, Bolton, Bridgewater, Bristol, Brookfield, Burlington, Canaan, Canton, Cheshire, Colebrook, Cornwall, Danbury, Derby, East Granby, East Hartford, East Windsor, Ellington, Enfield, Farmington, Glastonbury, Goshen, Granby, Hartford, Hartland, Harwinton, Hebron, Kent, Litchfield, Manchester, Marlborough, Middlebury, Morris, Naugatuck, New Britain, New Fairfield, New Hartford, New Milford, Newington, Newtown, Norfolk, North Canaan, Oxford, Plainville, Plymouth, Prospect, Redding, Ridgefield, Rocky Hill, Roxbury, Salisbury, Seymour, Sharon, Shelton, Sherman, Simsbury, Somers, South Windsor, Southbury, Southington, Stafford, Suffield, Thomaston, Tolland, Torrington, Union, Vernon, Warren, Washington, Waterbury, Watertown, West Hartford, Wethersfield, Winchester, Windsor, Windsor Locks, Wolcott and Woodbury;

(9) “I-91 corridor” and “I-91 TIA” means the following towns and the roads, highways, bridges, waterways, ports and airports in such towns: Andover, Avon, Berlin, Bethany, Bloomfield, Bolton, Branford, Bristol, Burlington, Canton, Chester, Clinton, Cromwell, Deep River, Durham, East Granby, East Haddam, East Hampton, East Hartford, East Haven, East Windsor, Ellington, Enfield, Essex, Farmington, Glastonbury, Granby, Guilford, Haddam, Hamden, Hartford, Hebron, Killingworth, Lyme, Madison, Manchester, Marlborough, Meriden, Middlefield, Middletown, Milford, New Britain, New Haven, Newington, North Branford, North Haven, Old Lyme, Old Saybrook, Orange, Plainville, Plymouth, Portland, Rocky Hill, Simsbury, Somers, South Windsor, Southington, Suffield, Tolland, Vernon, Wallingford, West Hartford, West Haven, Westbrook, Wethersfield, Windsor, Windsor Locks and Woodbridge;

(10) “I-395 corridor” and “I-395 TIA” means the following towns and the roads, highways, bridges, waterways, ports and airports in such towns: Ashford, Bozrah, Brooklyn, Canterbury, Chaplin, Colchester, Columbia, Coventry, East Lyme, Eastford, Franklin, Griswold, Groton, Hampton, Killingly, Lebanon, Ledyard, Lisbon, Mansfield, Montville, New London, North Stonington, Norwich, Plainfield, Pomfret, Preston, Putnam, Salem, Scotland, Sprague, Stafford, Sterling, Stonington, Thompson, Union, Voluntown, Waterford, Willington, Windham and Woodstock;

(11) “Southeast corridor” and “Southeast corridor TIA” means the following towns and the roads, highways, bridges, waterways, ports and airports in such towns: Bozrah, Chester, Clinton, Colchester, Deep River, East Lyme, Essex, Franklin, Griswold, Groton, Killingworth, Ledyard, Lisbon, Lyme, Montville, New London, North Stonington, Norwich, Old Lyme, Old Saybrook, Preston, Salem, Sprague, Stonington, Voluntown, Waterford and Westbrook; and

(12) “Modal” means a mode of transportation, and “multimodal” means two or more modes of transportation.

(b) As used in this subsection and sections 13b-57h , 13b-212d and 14-270e :

(1) “TSB project” means any planning, capital or operating project recommended by the Transportation Strategy Board prior to its repeal by public act 11-61*;

(2) “Economic development plan” means a comprehensive plan describing (A) existing economic development projects, and (B) proposed economic development projects for which a letter of commitment has been issued by the Department of Economic and Community Development; and

(3) “Economic development project” means any project, as defined in subsection (d) of section 32-23d , which is to be used or occupied by any person for (A) manufacturing, industrial, research, office or product warehousing or distribution purposes or hydroponic or aquaponic food production purposes and which the authority determines will tend to maintain or provide gainful employment, maintain or increase the tax base of the economy, or maintain, expand or diversify industry in the state, or (B) controlling, abating, preventing or disposing land, water, air or other environmental pollution, including without limitation thermal, radiation, sewage, wastewater, solid waste, toxic waste, noise or particulate pollution, except resources recovery facilities, as defined in section 22a-219a , used for the principal purpose of processing municipal solid waste and which are not expansions or additions to resources recovery facilities operating on July 1, 1990, or (C) the conservation of energy or the utilization of cogeneration technology or solar, wind, hydro, biomass or other renewable sources to produce energy for any industrial or commercial application, or (D) any other purpose which the authority determines will materially contribute to the economic base of the state by creating or retaining jobs, promoting the export of products or services beyond state boundaries, encouraging innovation in products or services, or otherwise contributing to, supporting or enhancing existing activities that are important to the economic base of the state.

*Note: Public act 11-61 is entitled “An Act Implementing the Revenue Items In the Budget and Making Budget Adjustments, Deficiency Appropriations, Certain Revisions to Bills of the Current Session and Miscellaneous Changes to the General Statutes”. (See Reference Table captioned “Public Acts of 2011” in Volume 16 which lists the sections amended, created or repealed by the act.)
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13a-87 — Connecticut Code / Title 13a / Chapter 238 / Section 13a-87
Sec. 13a-87. Maintenance of bridges by commissioner.
Status: in_force

Where state takes over existing highway, it assumes responsibility for its use and maintenance for all purposes incident to vehicular traffic, and it leaves undisturbed existing responsibility of municipalities for sidewalks. 136 C. 346.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13a-43 — Connecticut Code / Title 13a / Chapter 238 / Section 13a-43
Sec. 13a-43. Abandonment of state highway.
Status: in_force

See Sec. 13a-45 re effective date of transfers and abandonments.

See Sec. 13b-205 re railroad company's authority to take land in discontinued highways.

Cited. 129 C. 83.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13b-268 — Connecticut Code / Title 13b / Chapter 245a / Section 13b-268
Sec. 13b-268. (Formerly Sec. 16-98). Construction of new highway across railroad. Construction of railroad crossing at grade.
Status: in_force

(b) On or after October 1, 1989, no public railroad crossing at grade shall be constructed unless authorized by special act of the General Assembly. The Commissioner of Transportation, upon the request of the joint standing committee on transportation or upon his own initiative, shall investigate and make recommendations concerning the creation of such a crossing. Such investigation shall include a public hearing on the creation of such a crossing. The commissioner shall provide reasonable notice to the town, city or borough where such crossing is to be located, any railroad utilizing the rail line and the party requesting the crossing and to the public through publication of notice in a newspaper having general circulation in the municipality where such crossing is to be located. Any proposed legislation for the creation of such a crossing shall be accompanied by a detailed report containing, but not limited to the following information: The date of the public hearing, any requirements for the protection of persons using the crossing, including but not limited to the protections established in sections 13b-342 to 13b-345a , inclusive, and a recommendation concerning the party to bear the costs of construction, installation and maintenance of such crossing.

Annotations to former section 16-98:

Where highway crossing railroad at grade was commenced before section was enacted, the act prevented its completion. 55 C. 69; 70 C. 390. Commissioners may decide whether highway is to go over or under railroad, before acceptance of report of committee to lay out highway. 59 C. 210. It is not a taking of property to compel a company to pay half the expense of a bridge to protect the public. 60 C. 6. Layout of street across railroad, without notice or compensation, may be set up in defense when city seeks injunction against obstruction of street. 72 C. 225. Where highway runs under railroad, cost of retaining wall necessary to maintain level of tracks proper element of damage. 81 C. 582. Cited. 85 C. 599. Purpose of statute is to require a safe and usable crossing for both highway and railroad. To accomplish this, not just building of bridge but also relocation of transmission lines was necessary. Legislature by the phrase “expense of such crossing” intended to include in cost whatever was essential to fulfill purpose of statute. Under former provision, contract so far as it required city to pay more than half the cost of relocating wires was illegal. 150 C. 366. Public utilities commission could not construe statute to determine validity of apportionment made. It could, however, have withheld its approval if, contrary to railroad's expectation, part of cost of relocating transmission lines was going to fall on railroad. Appeal should have been granted. Id., 383. Cited. 152 C. 79; 154 C. 674.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13b-354a — Connecticut Code / Title 13b / Chapter 245b / Section 13b-354a
Sec. 13b-354a. Maintenance of margins alongside tracks and rights-of-way. Filing complaint by railroad labor representative. Regulations.
Status: in_force

(b) If after fifteen days all normal collective bargaining procedures or those specified in state or federal regulations have failed to resolve a debris condition as specified in this section, upon the filing by a recognized railroad labor representative, as defined by the Railway Labor Act, 45 USC 151 to 159a, inclusive, as from time to time amended, of a written, verified complaint with the railroad superintendent of the division involved and with the Department of Transportation, designating the nature of the debris and the particular area or location where any of the above-described debris has existed for a period of at least seventy-two hours, the superintendent of the division shall advise the complainant as well as the Department of Transportation within ten days as to the specific remedies or actions said superintendent intends to take to resolve the complaint. If the superintendent takes issue or disagrees with the verified complaint filed by the designated railroad labor representative, he shall within ten days so notify said representative and the Department of Transportation. The Department of Transportation shall be allowed a period of fifteen days to determine the veracity of said complaint. If the complaint proves to be correct as verified by the Department of Transportation inspector, the Department of Transportation shall then issue appropriate orders to the railroad specifying that the conditions be rectified within ten days. At the end of the tenth day, if the conditions still persist, the Department of Transportation shall be empowered to fine the railroad the sum of fifty dollars per day until such time as the complaint has been rectified.

(c) The Department of Transportation shall adopt regulations, in accordance with chapter 54, to carry out the provisions of this section.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13a-162b — Connecticut Code / Title 13a / Chapter 239 / Section 13a-162b
Sec. 13a-162b. Special Merritt and Wilbur Cross Parkways Fund.
Status: in_force

(b) The State Treasurer shall apply the resources in the Special Merritt and Wilbur Cross Parkways Fund, upon their receipt, first, to pay or provide for the payment of any cost associated with the removal of toll booths and the reconstruction of the toll plazas on such parkways.

(c) Any remaining resources of said fund shall be applied and expended for the maintenance and repair of such parkways.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13a-62 — Connecticut Code / Title 13a / Chapter 238 / Section 13a-62
Sec. 13a-62. Application to Superior Court for relief.
Status: in_force

Procedure under section. 25 C. 597. In fixing width of highway, existing public use of adjoining land may be considered. 38 C. 526. History of section. 73 C. 504. Court should determine issues other than public convenience and necessity before submission to committee. 93 C. 377. Discontinuance of highway does not become final until time for appeal has elapsed. Id., 379. Town may rescind vote to discontinue during this period. Id., 380. Regularity of proceedings affecting layout presumed after 40 years. 95 C. 326. Appeal to supreme court of errors dismissed for lack of final judgment as committee had not yet determined basic question of common convenience and necessity. 148 C. 109. Cited. 150 C. 374; 158 C. 277; 188 C. 336.

Cited. 27 CS 469.