Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-84 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 10 / Section 1-84
Sec. 1-84. (Formerly Sec. 1-66). Prohibited activities. Exception re employment of immediate family at constituent unit.
Status: in_force

(b) No public official or state employee shall accept other employment which will either impair his independence of judgment as to his official duties or employment or require him, or induce him, to disclose confidential information acquired by him in the course of and by reason of his official duties.

(c) No public official or state employee shall wilfully and knowingly disclose, for financial gain, to any other person, confidential information acquired by him in the course of and by reason of his official duties or employment and no public official or state employee shall use his public office or position or any confidential information received through his holding such public office or position to obtain financial gain for himself, his spouse, child, child's spouse, parent, brother or sister or a business with which he is associated.

(d) No public official or state employee or employee of such public official or state employee shall agree to accept, or be a member or employee of a partnership, association, professional corporation or sole proprietorship which partnership, association, professional corporation or sole proprietorship agrees to accept any employment, fee or other thing of value, or portion thereof, for appearing, agreeing to appear, or taking any other action on behalf of another person before the Department of Banking, the Office of the Claims Commissioner, the Health Systems Planning Unit of the Office of Health Strategy, the Insurance Department, the Department of Consumer Protection, the Department of Motor Vehicles, the State Insurance and Risk Management Board, the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection, the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority, the Connecticut Siting Council or the Connecticut Real Estate Commission; provided this shall not prohibit any such person from making inquiry for information on behalf of another before any of said commissions or commissioners if no fee or reward is given or promised in consequence thereof. For the purpose of this subsection, partnerships, associations, professional corporations or sole proprietorships refer only to such partnerships, associations, professional corporations or sole proprietorships which have been formed to carry on the business or profession directly relating to the employment, appearing, agreeing to appear or taking of action provided for in this subsection. Nothing in this subsection shall prohibit any employment, appearing, agreeing to appear or taking action before any municipal board, commission or council. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed as applying (1) to the actions of any teaching or research professional employee of a public institution of higher education if such actions are not in violation of any other provision of this chapter, (2) to the actions of any other professional employee of a public institution of higher education if such actions are not compensated and are not in violation of any other provision of this chapter, (3) to any member of a board or commission who receives no compensation other than per diem payments or reimbursement for actual or necessary expenses, or both, incurred in the performance of the member's duties, or (4) to any member or director of a quasi-public agency. Notwithstanding the provisions of this subsection to the contrary, a legislator, an officer of the General Assembly or part-time legislative employee may be or become a member or employee of a firm, partnership, association or professional corporation which represents clients for compensation before agencies listed in this subsection, provided the legislator, officer of the General Assembly or part-time legislative employee shall take no part in any matter involving the agency listed in this subsection and shall not receive compensation from any such matter. Receipt of a previously established salary, not based on the current or anticipated business of the firm, partnership, association or professional corporation involving the agencies listed in this subsection, shall be permitted.

(e) No legislative commissioner or his partners, employees or associates shall represent any person subject to the provisions of part II concerning the promotion of or opposition to legislation before the General Assembly, or accept any employment which includes an agreement or understanding to influence, or which is inconsistent with, the performance of his official duties.

(f) No person shall offer or give to a public official or state employee or candidate for public office or his spouse, his parent, brother, sister or child or spouse of such child or a business with which he is associated, anything of value, including, but not limited to, a gift, loan, political contribution, reward or promise of future employment based on any understanding that the vote, official action or judgment of the public official, state employee or candidate for public office would be or had been influenced thereby.

(g) No public official or state employee or candidate for public office shall solicit or accept anything of value, including but not limited to, a gift, loan, political contribution, reward or promise of future employment based on any understanding that the vote, official action or judgment of the public official or state employee or candidate for public office would be or had been influenced thereby.

(h) Nothing in subsection (f) or (g) of this section shall be construed (1) to apply to any promise made in violation of subdivision (6) of section 9-622 , or (2) to permit any activity otherwise prohibited in section 53a-147 or 53a-148 .

(i) (1) No public official or state employee or member of the official or employee's immediate family or a business with which he is associated shall enter into any contract with the state, valued at one hundred dollars or more, other than a contract (A) of employment as a state employee, (B) with the Technical Education and Career System for students enrolled in a school in the system to perform services in conjunction with vocational, technical, technological or postsecondary education and training any such student is receiving at a school in the system, subject to the review process under subdivision (2) of this subsection, (C) with a public institution of higher education to support a collaboration with such institution to develop and commercialize any invention or discovery, or (D) pursuant to a court appointment, unless the contract has been awarded through an open and public process, including prior public offer and subsequent public disclosure of all proposals considered and the contract awarded. In no event shall an executive head of an agency, as defined in section 4-166 , including a commissioner of a department, or an executive head of a quasi-public agency, or the executive head's immediate family or a business with which he is associated enter into any contract with that agency or quasi-public agency. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed as applying to any public official who is appointed as a member of the executive branch or as a member or director of a quasi-public agency and who receives no compensation other than per diem payments or reimbursement for actual or necessary expenses, or both, incurred in the performance of the public official's duties unless such public official has authority or control over the subject matter of the contract. Any contract made in violation of this subsection shall be voidable by a court of competent jurisdiction if the suit is commenced not later than one hundred eighty days after the making of the contract.

(2) The superintendent of the Technical Education and Career System shall establish an open and transparent process to review any contract entered into under subparagraph (B) of subdivision (1) of this subsection.

(j) No public official, state employee or candidate for public office, or a member of any such person's staff or immediate family shall knowingly accept any gift, as defined in subdivision (5) of section 1-79 , from a person known to be a registrant or anyone known to be acting on behalf of a registrant.

(k) No public official, spouse of the Governor or state employee shall accept a fee or honorarium for an article, appearance or speech, or for participation at an event, in the public official's, spouse's or state employee's official capacity, provided a public official, Governor's spouse or state employee may receive payment or reimbursement for necessary expenses for any such activity in his or her official capacity. If a public official, Governor's spouse or state employee receives such a payment or reimbursement for lodging or out-of-state travel, or both, the public official, Governor's spouse or state employee shall, not later than thirty days thereafter, file a report of the payment or reimbursement with the Office of State Ethics, unless the payment or reimbursement is provided by the federal government or another state government. If a public official, Governor's spouse or state employee does not file such report within such period, either intentionally or due to gross negligence on the public official's, Governor's spouse's or state employee's part, the public official, Governor's spouse or state employee shall return the payment or reimbursement. If any failure to file such report is not intentional or due to gross negligence on the part of the public official, Governor's spouse or state employee, the public official, Governor's spouse or state employee shall not be subject to any penalty under this chapter. When a public official, Governor's spouse or state employee attends an event in this state in the public official's, Governor's spouse's or state employee's official capacity and as a principal speaker at such event and receives admission to or food or beverage at such event from the sponsor of the event, such admission or food or beverage shall not be considered a gift and no report shall be required from such public official, spouse or state employee or from the sponsor of the event.

(l) No public official or state employee, or any person acting on behalf of a public official or state employee, shall wilfully and knowingly interfere with, influence, direct or solicit existing or new lobbying contracts, agreements or business relationships for or on behalf of any person.

(m) No public official or state employee shall knowingly accept, directly or indirectly, any gift, as defined in subdivision (5) of section 1-79 , from any person the public official or state employee knows or has reason to know: (1) Is doing business with or seeking to do business with the department or agency in which the public official or state employee is employed; (2) is engaged in activities which are directly regulated by such department or agency; or (3) is prequalified under section 4a-100 . No person shall knowingly give, directly or indirectly, any gift or gifts in violation of this provision. For the purposes of this subsection, the exclusion to the term “gift” in subparagraph (L) of subdivision (5) of section 1-79 for a gift for the celebration of a major life event shall not apply. Any person prohibited from making a gift under this subsection shall report to the Office of State Ethics any solicitation of a gift from such person by a state employee or public official.

(n) (1) As used in this subsection, (A) “investment services” means investment legal services, investment banking services, investment advisory services, underwriting services, financial advisory services or brokerage firm services, and (B) “principal of an investment services firm” means (i) an individual who is a director of or has an ownership interest in an investment services firm, except for an individual who owns less than five per cent of the shares of an investment services firm which is a publicly traded corporation, (ii) an individual who is employed by an investment services firm as president, treasurer, or executive or senior vice president, (iii) an employee of such an investment services firm who has managerial or discretionary responsibilities with respect to any investment services, (iv) the spouse or dependent child of an individual described in this subparagraph, or (v) a political committee established by or on behalf of an individual described in this subparagraph.

(2) The State Treasurer shall not pay any compensation, expenses or fees or issue any contract to any firm which provides investment services when (A) a political committee, as defined in section 9-601 , established by such firm, or (B) a principal of the investment services firm has made a contribution, as defined in section 9-601a , to, or solicited contributions on behalf of, any exploratory committee or candidate committee, as defined in section 9-601 , established by the State Treasurer as a candidate for nomination or election to the office of State Treasurer. The State Treasurer shall not pay any compensation, expenses or fees or issue any contract to such firms or principals during the term of office as State Treasurer, including, for an incumbent State Treasurer seeking reelection, any remainder of the current term of office.

(o) If (1) any person (A) is doing business with or seeking to do business with the department or agency in which a public official or state employee is employed, or (B) is engaged in activities which are directly regulated by such department or agency, and (2) such person or a representative of such person gives to such public official or state employee anything having a value of more than ten dollars, such person or representative shall, not later than ten days thereafter, give such recipient and the executive head of the recipient's department or agency a written report stating the name of the donor, a description of the item or items given, the value of such items and the cumulative value of all items given to such recipient during that calendar year. The provisions of this subsection shall not apply to a political contribution otherwise reported as required by law.

(p) (1) No public official or state employee or member of the immediate family of a public official or state employee shall knowingly accept, directly or indirectly, any gift costing one hundred dollars or more from a public official or state employee who is under the supervision of such public official or state employee.

(2) No public official or state employee or member of the immediate family of a public official or state employee shall knowingly accept, directly or indirectly, any gift costing one hundred dollars or more from a public official or state employee who is a supervisor of such public official or state employee.

(3) No public official or state employee shall knowingly give, directly or indirectly, any gift in violation of subdivision (1) or (2) of this subsection.

(q) No public official or state employee shall intentionally counsel, authorize or otherwise sanction action that violates any provision of this part.

(r) (1) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsections (b) and (c) of this section, a member of the faculty or a member of a faculty bargaining unit of a constituent unit of the state system of higher education may enter into a consulting agreement or engage in a research project with a public or private entity, provided such agreement or project does not conflict with the member's employment with the constituent unit, as determined by policies established by the board of trustees for such constituent unit.

(2) The board of trustees for each constituent unit of the state system of higher education shall establish policies to ensure that any such member who enters such a consulting agreement or engages in such a research project (A) is not inappropriately using university proprietary information in connection with such agreement or project, (B) does not have an interest in such agreement or project that interferes with the proper discharge of his or her employment with the constituent unit, and (C) is not inappropriately using such member's association with the constituent unit in connection with such agreement or project. Such policies shall (i) establish procedures for the disclosure, review and management of conflicts of interest relating to any such agreement or project, (ii) require the approval by the chief academic officer of the constituent unit, or his or her designee, prior to any such member entering into any such agreement or engaging in any such project, and (iii) include procedures that impose sanctions and penalties on any member for failing to comply with the provisions of the policies. Annually, the internal audit office of each constituent unit shall audit the constituent unit's compliance with such policies and report its findings to the committee of the constituent unit established pursuant to subdivision (3) of this subsection. For purposes of this subsection, “consulting” means the provision of services for compensation to a public or private entity by a member of the faculty or member of a faculty bargaining unit of a constituent unit of the state system of higher education: (I) When the request to provide such services is based on such member's expertise in a field or prominence in such field, and (II) while such member is not acting in the capacity of a state employee, and “research” means a systematic investigation, including, but not limited to, research development, testing and evaluation, designed to develop or contribute to general knowledge in the applicable field of study.

(3) There is established a committee for each constituent unit of the state system of higher education to monitor the constituent unit's compliance with the policies and procedures described in subdivision (2) of this subsection governing consulting agreements and research projects with public or private entities by a member of the faculty or a member of a faculty bargaining unit of such constituent unit. Each committee shall consist of nine members as follows: (A) Three members, appointed jointly by the Governor, the speaker of the House of Representatives, the president pro tempore of the Senate, the majority leader of the House of Representatives, the majority leader of the Senate, the minority leader of the House of Representatives and the minority leader of the Senate, who shall serve as members for each such committee; (B) one member appointed by the chairperson of the constituent unit's board of trustees from the membership of such board; (C) the chief academic officer of the constituent unit, or his or her designee; (D) three members appointed by the chief executive officer of the constituent unit; and (E) one member appointed by the chairperson of the Citizen's Ethics Advisory Board from the membership of such board. Members shall serve for a term of two years. Any vacancies shall be filled by the appointing authority. Each committee shall (i) review the annual reports submitted by the internal audit office for the constituent unit, pursuant to subdivision (2) of this subsection, (ii) make recommendations, annually, to the board of trustees of the constituent unit concerning the policies and procedures of the constituent unit established pursuant to subdivision (2) of this subsection, including any changes to such policies and procedures, and (iii) send a copy of such recommendations, in accordance with section 11-4a , to the joint standing committees of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to higher education and government administration.

(4) The provisions of subsections (b) and (c) of this section shall apply to any member of the faculty or member of a faculty bargaining unit of a constituent unit of the state system of higher education who enters such a consulting agreement or engages in such a research project without prior approval, as described in subdivision (2) of this subsection.

(s) Notwithstanding the provisions of this section or any other provision of this part, a state employee who is employed at a constituent unit of the state system of higher education and a member of the immediate family of such state employee may be employed in the same department or division of such constituent unit, provided the constituent unit has determined that procedures have been implemented to ensure that any final decisions impacting the financial interests of either such state employee, including decisions to hire, promote, increase the compensation of or renew the employment of such state employee, are made by another state employee who is not a member of the immediate family of such state employee.

See Sec. 1-79a re calculation of dollar limit on gifts.

Cited. 229 C. 479.

Ethics Commission has jurisdiction in case involving the use of office by state employee for financial gain even if employee's behavior could arguably subject him to discipline by Commissioner of Administrative Services pursuant to State Personnel Act. 53 CA 808. A state employee may be found to have used his position to obtain financial gain in violation of Subsec. (c) when he uses state work time or facilities such as e-mail, computer websites or storage or telephones for financial gain while holding such position as a state employee, and such interpretation is entitled to judicial deference as a time-tested interpretation of the board. 140 CA 754.

Not unconstitutionally void for vagueness or overbroad as applied to plaintiff, a high sheriff engaged in fee splitting. 45 CS 242. Stipulated agreement between union and Workers' Compensation Commission re use of state time for production of transcripts by commission hearing reporters does not govern over provisions of Subsec. (c), which the board properly found to prohibit reporters from preparing transcripts for private sale during state-compensated time. 52 CS 304.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-14 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 3 / Section 1-14
Sec. 1-14. “Certified copy” defined. Evidence.
Status: in_force

See Sec. 11-8(b) re appointment of Public Records Administrator.

Cited. 206 C. 449.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-211 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 14 / Section 1-211
Sec. 1-211. (Formerly Sec. 1-19a). Disclosure of computer-stored public records. Contracts. Acquisition of system, equipment, software to store or retrieve nonexempt public records.
Status: in_force

(b) Except as otherwise provided by state statute, no public agency shall enter into a contract with, or otherwise obligate itself to, any person if such contract or obligation impairs the right of the public under the Freedom of Information Act to inspect or copy the agency's nonexempt public records existing on-line in, or stored on a device or medium used in connection with, a computer system owned, leased or otherwise used by the agency in the course of its governmental functions.

(c) On and after July 1, 1992, before any public agency acquires any computer system, equipment or software to store or retrieve nonexempt public records, it shall consider whether such proposed system, equipment or software adequately provides for the rights of the public under the Freedom of Information Act at the least cost possible to the agency and to persons entitled to access to nonexempt public records under the Freedom of Information Act. In meeting its obligations under this subsection, each state public agency shall consult with the Department of Administrative Services as part of the agency's design analysis prior to acquiring any such computer system, equipment or software. The Department of Administrative Services shall adopt written guidelines to assist municipal agencies in carrying out the purposes of this subsection. Nothing in this subsection shall require an agency to consult with said department prior to acquiring a system, equipment or software or modifying software, if such acquisition or modification is consistent with a design analysis for which such agency has previously consulted with said department. The Department of Administrative Services shall consult with the Freedom of Information Commission on matters relating to access to and disclosure of public records for the purposes of this subsection. The provisions of this subsection shall not apply to software modifications which would not affect the rights of the public under the Freedom of Information Act.

Annotations to former section 1-19a:

Cited. 174 C. 308; 181 C. 324; 184 C. 102; 190 C. 235; 192 C. 234; Id., 310; 204 C. 609; 205 C. 767; 206 C. 449; 207 C. 698; 208 C. 442; 209 C. 204; 210 C. 590; Id., 646; 212 C. 100; 213 C. 126; Id., 216; 214 C. 312; 216 C. 253; 217 C. 153; Id., 193; 218 C. 256; Id., 757; 220 C. 225; 221 C. 217; Id., 300; Id., 393; Id., 482; Id., 549; 222 C. 621; 228 C. 158; Id., 271.

Cited. 4 CA 468; 14 CA 380; judgment reversed, see 210 C. 646; 16 CA 49; 19 CA 352; Id., 539; 20 CA 671. Printout copies, not computer diskettes, are appropriate responses to information requests. 22 CA 316. Cited. 29 CA 821; 35 CA 111; 37 CA 589; 42 CA 402; 43 CA 133.

Cited. 41 CS 31; Id., 267; 42 CS 84; Id., 129; Id., 291.

Annotations to present section:

Section does not empower commission to order agency to separate exempt from non-exempt data when request incorporates both and no inquiry is made into whether agency can reasonably separate such data or whether non-exempt data alone would satisfy requester. 307 C. 648.

Subsec. (a):

Applicable to request for digital copy of all fields of information typically produced for every adult within Department of Correction database. 261 C. 86.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-110b — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 11a / Section 1-110b
Sec. 1-110b. Return of contributions. Exceptions. Qualified domestic relations orders. Effect on state or municipal government retirement plans.
Status: in_force

(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a) of this section, no payments in return of contributions shall be made or ordered unless and until the Superior Court determines that the public official or state or municipal employee whose pension has been revoked pursuant to section 1-110a has satisfied in full any judgments or orders rendered by any court of competent jurisdiction for the payment of restitution to the state or a municipality for losses incurred as a result of the crime related to state or municipal office. If the Superior Court determines that the public official or state or municipal employee whose pension has been revoked under section 1-110a has failed to satisfy any outstanding judgment or order of restitution rendered by any court of competent jurisdiction, it may order that any funds otherwise due to such public official or state or municipal employee as a return of contribution, or any portion thereof, be paid in satisfaction of the judgment or order.

(c) No provision of section 1-110a or this section shall be construed to prohibit or limit any payment made pursuant to a qualified domestic relations order issued prior to any such conviction or plea by: (1) Any public official or state or municipal employee who is convicted of or pleads guilty or nolo contendere to any crime related to state or municipal office; or (2) any state or municipal agency responsible for the administration of such payment on behalf of such public official or state or municipal employee.

(d) Notwithstanding the provisions of section 1-110a , no pension shall be reduced or revoked if the Internal Revenue Service determines that such reduction or revocation will negatively affect or invalidate the status of the state's government retirement plans or a municipality's government retirement plans under Section 401(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or any subsequent corresponding internal revenue code of the United States, as from time to time amended.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-124 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 12 / Section 1-124
Sec. 1-124. Treasurer's approval required for state contribution to or guarantee of bonds, notes, borrowed money. Determination of authority to moderate interest rate fluctuations.
Status: in_force

(b) To the extent Connecticut Innovations, Incorporated, the Connecticut Higher Education Supplemental Loan Authority, the Connecticut Student Loan Foundation, the Connecticut Housing Finance Authority, the Connecticut Housing Authority, the MIRA Dissolution Authority, the Connecticut Health and Educational Facilities Authority, the Connecticut Airport Authority, the Capital Region Development Authority, the Connecticut Health Insurance Exchange, the Connecticut Green Bank, the Connecticut Port Authority, the Connecticut Municipal Redevelopment Authority or the State Education Resource Center is permitted by statute and determines to exercise any power to moderate interest rate fluctuations or enter into any investment or program of investment or contract respecting interest rates, currency, cash flow or other similar agreement, including, but not limited to, interest rate or currency swap agreements, the effect of which is to subject a capital reserve fund which is in any way contributed to or guaranteed by the state of Connecticut, to potential liability, such determination shall not be effective until and unless the State Treasurer or his or her deputy appointed pursuant to section 3-12 has approved such agreement or agreements. The approval of the State Treasurer or his or her deputy shall be based on documentation provided by the authority that it has sufficient revenues to meet the financial obligations associated with the agreement or agreements.

See Sec. 3-20e re provision of and indemnification for provision of secondary market disclosure information.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-351 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 15c / Section 1-351
Sec. 1-351. Authority that requires specific grant. Grant of general authority.
Status: in_force

(1) Create, amend, revoke, or terminate an inter vivos trust, provided, in the case of a trust established for a disabled person pursuant to 42 USC 1396p(d)(4)(A) or 42 USC 1396p(d)(4)(C), the creation of such trust by an agent shall be only as permitted by federal law;

(2) Make a gift;

(3) Create or change rights of survivorship;

(4) Create or change a beneficiary designation;

(5) Waive the principal's right to be a beneficiary of a joint and survivor annuity, including a survivor benefit under a retirement plan;

(6) Exercise fiduciary powers that the principal has authority to delegate;

(7) Disclaim property, including a power of appointment;

(8) Exercise all powers the principal may have over any of the principal's digital device, digital asset, user account and electronically stored information, including any user account and digital asset that currently exists or may exist as technology develops, whether the same is in the principal's name or that the principal owns or lawfully uses jointly with any other individual; such powers include, but are not limited to, changing and circumventing the principal's username and password to gain access to such user accounts and information; transferring or withdrawing funds or other assets among or from such user accounts; and opening new user accounts in the principal's name, all as the agent determines is necessary or advisable. The principal may give the principal's lawful consent and authorize the agent to access, manage, control, delete and terminate any electronically stored information and communications of the principal to the extent fully allowable under the federal Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986, 18 USC 2510 et seq., as amended from time to time, the Connecticut Revised Uniform Fiduciary Access to Digital Assets Act, and any other federal, state or international privacy law or other law. The agent is authorized to take any actions the principal is authorized to take under all applicable terms of service, terms of use, licensing and other account agreements or laws. To the extent a specific reference to any federal, state, local or international law is required in order to give effect to the provisions of this subdivision, the principal may provide that the principal's intention is to so reference such law, whether such law is now in existence or comes into existence or is amended after the date of execution of the power of attorney; or

(9) With respect to any intellectual property interests of the principal, including, without limitation, copyrights, contracts for payments of royalties and trademarks, act in all ways with respect to such interests as if the agent were the owner thereof, including, without limitation, registering ownership, transferring ownership and recording documents to effectuate or memorialize such transfer, granting and revoking licenses, entering, terminating and enforcing agreements, defending ownership and conferring agency upon professionals to represent the principal's interests before governmental agencies, and in general, to exercise all powers with respect to the intellectual property that the principal could exercise if present.

(b) Notwithstanding a grant of authority to perform an act described in subsection (a) of this section, unless the power of attorney otherwise provides, an agent may not exercise authority under a power of attorney to create in the agent, or a dependent of the agent, an interest in the principal's property, whether by gift, right of survivorship, beneficiary designation, disclaimer or otherwise.

(c) Subject to the provisions set forth in subsections (a), (b), (d) and (e) of this section, if a power of attorney grants to an agent authority to perform all acts that a principal could perform, the agent has the general authority described in sections 1-351c to 1-351o , inclusive. Such general authority shall permit the agent to authorize another person to exercise the authority granted under the power of attorney.

(d) Unless the power of attorney otherwise provides, a grant of authority to make a gift is subject to section 1-351p .

(e) Subject to the provisions set forth in subsections (a), (b) and (d) of this section, if the subjects over which authority is granted in a power of attorney are similar or overlap, the broadest authority controls.

(f) Authority granted in a power of attorney is exercisable with respect to property that the principal has when the power of attorney is executed or acquires later, whether or not the property is located in this state and whether or not the authority is exercised or the power of attorney is executed in this state.

(g) An act performed by an agent pursuant to a power of attorney has the same effect and inures to the benefit of and binds the principal and the principal's successors in interest as if the principal had performed the act.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-125a — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 12 / Section 1-125a
Sec. 1-125a. Prohibition against certain payments to resigning or retiring employees pursuant to settlement or nondisparagement agreement. Whistle-blowing.
Status: in_force

(b) No nondisparagement agreement or settlement agreement as described in subsection (a) of this section may prohibit an employee from making a complaint or providing information in accordance with section 4-61dd .

See Sec. 4-40b re prohibition against certain payments to resigning or retiring state employees.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-205a — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 14 / Section 1-205a
Sec. 1-205a. Recommended appropriations. Allotments.
Status: in_force

(b) Notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes, the Governor shall not reduce allotment requisitions or allotments in force concerning the Freedom of Information Commission.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-18 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 3 / Section 1-18
Sec. 1-18. Disposition of original documents.
Status: in_force

See Sec. 11-8(b) re appointment of Public Records Administrator.

Cited. 168 C. 435; 169 C. 186; 206 C. 449; 220 C. 225.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-25 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 4 / Section 1-25
Sec. 1-25. Forms of oaths.
Status: in_force

FOR MEMBERS OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY, EXECUTIVE AND JUDICIAL OFFICERS.

You do solemnly swear (or affirm, as the case may be) that you will support the Constitution of the United States, and the Constitution of the state of Connecticut, so long as you continue a citizen thereof; and that you will faithfully discharge, according to law, the duties of the office of .... to the best of your abilities; so help you God.

FOR NOTARIES PUBLIC.

You do solemnly swear (or affirm, as the case may be) that you will support the Constitution of the United States, and the Constitution of the state of Connecticut; and that you will faithfully discharge, according to law, the duties of the office of notary public to the best of your abilities; so help you God.

FOR ELECTORS.

You solemnly swear (or affirm, as the case may be) that you will be true and faithful to the constitutions and governments of the State of Connecticut and the United States of America; that the statements made in your application for admission as an elector are true and complete; and that your privileges as an elector are not forfeited by reason of conviction of a felony; so help you God.

FOR ATTORNEYS.

You solemnly swear or solemnly and sincerely affirm, as the case may be, that you will do nothing dishonest, and will not knowingly allow anything dishonest to be done in court, and that you will inform the court of any dishonesty of which you have knowledge; that you will not knowingly maintain or assist in maintaining any cause of action that is false or unlawful; that you will not obstruct any cause of action for personal gain or malice; but that you will exercise the office of attorney, in any court in which you may practice, according to the best of your learning and judgment, faithfully, to both your client and the court; so help you God or upon penalty of perjury.

FOR PETIT JURORS IN CRIMINAL CAUSES.

You solemnly swear or solemnly and sincerely affirm, as the case may be, that you will, without respect of any persons or favor of any person, decide this case between the state of Connecticut and the defendant (or defendants) based on the evidence given in court and on the laws of this state, as explained by the judge; that you will not talk to each other about this case until instructed to do so; that you will listen to and consider what the other jurors have to say in deliberations about this case; that you will not speak to anyone else, or allow anyone else to speak to you, about this case until you have been discharged by the court; and that when you reach a decision, you will not disclose the decision until it is announced in court; so help you God or upon penalty of perjury.

FOR ALTERNATE JURORS IN CRIMINAL CAUSES.

You solemnly swear or solemnly and sincerely affirm, as the case may be, that, if you become a member of the jury for this case, you will, without respect of any persons or favor of any person, decide this case between the state of Connecticut and the defendant (or defendants) based on the evidence given in court and on the laws of this state, as explained by the judge; that you will not talk to each other about this case until instructed to do so; that you will listen to and consider what the other jurors have to say in deliberations about this case; that you will not speak to anyone else, or allow anyone else to speak to you about this case until you have been discharged by the court; and that when you reach a decision, you will not disclose the decision until it is announced in court; so help you God or upon penalty of perjury.

FOR JURORS IN CIVIL CAUSES.

You solemnly swear or solemnly and sincerely affirm, as the case may be, that you will decide this case between the plaintiff and the defendant (or plaintiffs and defendants) based on the evidence given in court and on the laws of this state as explained by the judge; that you will not talk to each other about this case until instructed to do so; that you will listen to and consider what the other jurors have to say in deliberations about this case; that you will not speak to anyone else, or allow anyone else to speak to you, about this case; and that when you reach a decision, you will not disclose the decision until it is announced in court; so help you God or upon penalty of perjury.

FOR ALTERNATE JURORS IN CIVIL CAUSES.

You solemnly swear or solemnly and sincerely affirm, as the case may be, that, if you become a member of the jury for this case, you will decide this case between the plaintiff and the defendant (or plaintiffs and defendants) based on the evidence given in court and on the laws of this state as explained by the judge; that you will not talk to each other about this case until instructed to do so; that you will listen to and consider what the other jurors have to say in deliberations about this case; that you will not speak to anyone else, or allow anyone else to speak to you, about this case; and that when you reach a decision, you will not disclose the decision until it is announced in court; so help you God or upon penalty of perjury.

VOIR DIRE.

You solemnly swear or solemnly and sincerely affirm, as the case may be, that you will answer truthfully all questions that you are asked, none of which will be about the merits of the case for which the jury is being selected; so help you God or upon penalty of perjury.

FOR WITNESSES.

You solemnly swear or solemnly and sincerely affirm, as the case may be, that the evidence you shall give concerning this case shall be the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth; so help you God or upon penalty of perjury.

FOR INVESTIGATORY GRAND JURY WITNESSES.

You solemnly swear or solemnly and sincerely affirm, as the case may be, that the evidence you shall give concerning this investigation into the commission of a crime or crimes, shall be the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth; so help you God or upon penalty of perjury.

FOR WITNESSES TWELVE YEARS OF AGE OR YOUNGER.

You promise that you will tell the truth.

FOR AN INTERPRETER IN A CRIMINAL CASE.

You solemnly swear or solemnly and sincerely affirm, as the case may be, that you will interpret accurately the information (or indictment) that charges the accused with a crime and all questions that the accused may be asked under the direction of the court in a language the accused can understand and speak; that you will interpret accurately the pleas of the accused to the information (or indictment) and the answers of the accused to the court (or to the court and jury) in English; and that you will make all interpretations to the best of your skill and judgment; so help you God or upon penalty of perjury.

FOR AN INTERPRETER IN COURT.

You solemnly swear or solemnly and sincerely affirm, as the case may be, that you will interpret accurately the oath to be administered to the witness and all questions that the witness may be asked under direction of the court in a language the witness can understand and speak; that you will interpret accurately the answers of the witness to the court (or to the court and jury) in English; and that you will make all interpretations to the best of your skill and judgment; so help you God or upon penalty of perjury.

FOR AN INTERPRETER FOR A JUROR WHO IS DEAF OR HARD OF HEARING.

You solemnly swear or solemnly and sincerely affirm, as the case may be, that you will interpret accurately to a juror who is deaf or hard of hearing the juror orientation program, any oath to be administered to the juror, all testimony and other relevant conversation, and all questions that the juror may be asked under the direction of the court; that you will interpret accurately the answers of the juror to the court in English; that you will not participate in any manner in the deliberations of the jury other than making an accurate interpretation of the remarks of the jurors during deliberations; that you will make all interpretations to the best of your skill and judgment; and that you will not communicate with anyone outside the jury concerning the business or matters before the jury; so help you God or upon penalty of perjury.

FOR ASSESSORS, TO SUBSCRIBE UPON ABSTRACT.

I, ...., assessor of the town of ...., do solemnly swear or solemnly and sincerely affirm, as the case may be, that I believe that all the lists, and the abstract of said town for the year 20.., are made up and perfected according to law; so help me God or upon penalty of perjury.

FOR PLAINTIFF, WHEN INDIFFERENT PERSON IS AUTHORIZED TO SERVE WRIT.

You solemnly swear or solemnly and sincerely affirm, as the case may be, that you believe the plaintiff is (or plaintiffs are) in danger of losing the debt (damage or other thing) in this writ, unless an indifferent person is authorized to immediately serve this writ; so help you God or upon penalty of perjury.

FOR MEMBERS OF A COURT-MARTIAL.

You solemnly swear (or affirm, as the case may be) that you will truly try and determine, according to the evidence given in court, the matters depending between this state and the officer (or officers) now to be tried; that you will not divulge the sentence of the court until the same shall have been approved or disapproved, according to law; neither will you, at any time, disclose the vote or opinion of any member of the court, unless required by due course of law; so help you God.

FOR THE JUDGE-ADVOCATE OF A COURT-MARTIAL.

You solemnly swear (or affirm, as the case may be) that you will not, at any time whatever, disclose the vote or opinion of any member of any court-martial in which you may be called to act, unless required by due course of law, nor divulge the sentence of any such court, unless the same shall have been approved or disapproved, according to law; and that you will faithfully and impartially do the duty of judge-advocate, according to your best ability; so help you God.

FOR OFFICIALS APPOINTED TO SERVE IN ANY POLLING PLACE IN ANY ELECTION OR PRIMARY.

You solemnly swear (or affirm, as the case may be) that you will faithfully discharge, according to law, your duties as ...., to the best of your ability; and that you will serve in this election or primary as the case may be, as an official, completely impartial with respect to any candidate or any political party; so help you God.

FOR ALL OTHER PERSONS OF WHOM AN OATH IS REQUIRED.

You solemnly swear or solemnly and sincerely affirm, as the case may be, that you will faithfully discharge, according to law, your duties as .... to the best of your abilities; so help you God or upon penalty of perjury.

A juror who converses with nonjurors about the cause violates his oath. 3 D. 219. See 80 C. 314; 87 C. 368. Whether jurors are to be sworn on voir dire is in court's discretion. 47 C. 518. Grand juror's oath does not prevent member from testifying on trial as to accused's statements. 56 C. 399. Improper argument by an attorney may be violation of his oath. 72 C. 244. Origin of attorney's oath. 79 C. 49. Exact form of assessor's oath is directory, not mandatory; effect of slight deviation from prescribed wording. 104 C. 583. Justices of peace conducting inquest bound to secrecy by their oath. 110 C. 507. Cited. 128 C. 650; 137 C. 123. Oaths indicate that obligations of attorney can in no way conflict with obligations of grand juror. 146 C. 137. Cited. 159 C. 264; 162 C. 249; 182 C. 419; 187 C. 73. Judge has duty to see that no falsehood or other fraud is perpetrated in court, and once he declares that he believes a party or a witness has been deceitful, he cannot continue to preside in his role of impartial arbiter. Id., 163. Cited. 189 C. 303; 193 C. 670; 197 C. 141; 200 C. 91; 202 C. 463; 210 C. 359; 211 C. 672; 222 C. 541; 236 C. 112.

Cited. 13 CA 330; 19 CA 95; 25 CA 21; Id., 543; judgment reversed, see 222 C. 541; 34 CA 58; judgment reversed, see 232 C. 537.

Suspension from practice for misrepresentation to a judge in chambers. 2 CS 122. Slight deviation from the strictly proper form of oath does not render appraisal defective. 4 CS 427. Cited. 29 CS 305; 34 CS 147.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-351j — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 15c / Section 1-351j
Sec. 1-351j. General authority with respect to estates, trusts and other beneficial interests.
Status: in_force

(b) Unless the power of attorney otherwise provides, language in a power of attorney granting general authority with respect to estates, trusts and other beneficial interests authorizes the agent to:

(1) Accept, receive, receipt for, sell, assign, pledge or exchange a share in or payment from an estate, trust or other beneficial interest;

(2) Demand or obtain money or another thing of value to which the principal is, may become or claims to be, entitled by reason of an estate, trust or other beneficial interest, by litigation or otherwise;

(3) Exercise for the benefit of the principal a presently exercisable general power of appointment held by the principal;

(4) Initiate, participate in, submit to alternative dispute resolution, settle, oppose, or propose or accept a compromise with respect to litigation to ascertain the meaning, validity or effect of a deed, will, declaration of trust or other instrument or transaction affecting the interest of the principal;

(5) Initiate, participate in, submit to alternative dispute resolution, settle, oppose, or propose or accept a compromise with respect to litigation to remove, substitute or surcharge a fiduciary;

(6) Conserve, invest, disburse or use anything received for an authorized purpose; and

(7) Transfer an interest of the principal in real property, stocks and bonds, accounts with financial institutions or securities intermediaries, insurance, annuities and other property to the trustee of a revocable trust created by the principal as settlor.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-206 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 14 / Section 1-206
Sec. 1-206. (Formerly Sec. 1-21i). Denial of access to public records or meetings. Appeals. Notice. Orders. Civil penalty. Violation that constitutes obstruction or misconduct. Petition for relief from vexatious requester. Service of process upon commission. Frivolous appeals. Appeal re state hazardous waste program records.
Status: in_force

(b) (1) Any person denied the right to inspect or copy records under section 1-210 or wrongfully denied the right to attend any meeting of a public agency or denied any other right conferred by the Freedom of Information Act may appeal therefrom to the Freedom of Information Commission, by filing a notice of appeal with said commission. A notice of appeal shall be filed not later than thirty days after such denial, except in the case of an unnoticed or secret meeting, in which case the appeal shall be filed not later than thirty days after the person filing the appeal receives actual or constructive notice that such meeting was held. For purposes of this subsection, such notice of appeal shall be deemed to be filed on the date it is received by said commission or on the date it is postmarked, if received more than thirty days after the date of the denial from which such appeal is taken. Upon receipt of such notice, the commission shall serve upon all parties, by certified or registered mail or by electronic transmission, a copy of such notice together with any other notice or order of such commission. In the case of the denial of a request to inspect or copy records contained in a public employee's personnel or medical file or similar file under subsection (c) of section 1-214 , the commission shall include with its notice or order an order requiring the public agency to notify any employee whose records are the subject of an appeal, and the employee's collective bargaining representative, if any, of the commission's proceedings and, if any such employee or collective bargaining representative has filed an objection under said subsection (c), the agency shall provide the required notice to such employee and collective bargaining representative by certified mail, return receipt requested, by electronic transmission or by hand delivery with a signed receipt. A public employee whose personnel or medical file or similar file is the subject of an appeal under this subsection may intervene as a party in the proceedings on the matter before the commission. Said commission shall, after due notice to the parties, hear and decide the appeal not later than one year after the filing of the notice of appeal. The commission shall adopt regulations in accordance with chapter 54, establishing criteria for those appeals which shall be privileged in their assignment for hearing. Any such appeal shall be heard not later than thirty days after receipt of a notice of appeal and decided not later than sixty days after the hearing. If a notice of appeal concerns an announced agency decision to meet in executive session or an ongoing agency practice of meeting in executive sessions, for a stated purpose, the commission or a member or members of the commission designated by its chairperson shall serve notice upon the parties in accordance with this section and hold a preliminary hearing on the appeal not later than seventy-two hours after receipt of the notice, provided such notice shall be given to the parties at least forty-eight hours prior to such hearing. During such preliminary hearing, the commission shall take evidence and receive testimony from the parties. If after the preliminary hearing the commission finds probable cause to believe that the agency decision or practice is in violation of sections 1-200 and 1-225 , the agency shall not meet in executive session for such purpose until the commission decides the appeal. If probable cause is found by the commission, it shall conduct a final hearing on the appeal and render its decision not later than five days after the completion of the preliminary hearing. Such decision shall specify the commission's findings of fact and conclusions of law.

(2) In any appeal to the Freedom of Information Commission under subdivision (1) of this subsection or subsection (c) of this section, the commission may confirm the action of the agency or order the agency to provide relief that the commission, in its discretion, believes appropriate to rectify the denial of any right conferred by the Freedom of Information Act. The commission may declare null and void any action taken at any meeting which a person was denied the right to attend and may require the production or copying of any public record. In addition, upon the finding that a denial of any right created by the Freedom of Information Act was without reasonable grounds and after the custodian or other official directly responsible for the denial has been given an opportunity to be heard at a hearing conducted in accordance with sections 4-176e to 4-184 , inclusive, the commission may, in its discretion, impose against the custodian or other official a civil penalty of not less than twenty dollars nor more than five thousand dollars. If the commission finds that a person has taken an appeal under this subsection frivolously, without reasonable grounds and solely for the purpose of harassing the agency from which the appeal has been taken, after such person has been given an opportunity to be heard at a hearing conducted in accordance with sections 4-176e to 4-184 , inclusive, the commission may, in its discretion, impose against that person a civil penalty of not less than twenty dollars nor more than one thousand dollars. The commission shall notify a person of a penalty levied against such person pursuant to this subsection by written notice sent by certified or registered mail or electronic transmission. If a person fails to pay the penalty not later than thirty days after receiving such notice, the Superior Court shall, on application of the commission, issue an order requiring the person to pay the penalty imposed. If the executive director of the commission has reason to believe an appeal under subdivision (1) of this subsection or subsection (c) of this section (A) presents a claim beyond the commission's jurisdiction; (B) would perpetrate an injustice; or (C) would constitute an abuse of the commission's administrative process, the executive director shall not schedule the appeal for hearing without first seeking and obtaining leave of the commission. The commission shall provide due notice to the parties and review affidavits and written argument that the parties may submit and grant or deny such leave summarily at its next regular meeting. The commission shall grant such leave unless it finds that the appeal: (i) Does not present a claim within the commission's jurisdiction; (ii) would perpetrate an injustice; or (iii) would constitute an abuse of the commission's administrative process. Any party aggrieved by the commission's denial of such leave may apply to the superior court for the judicial district in which the public agency is located, not later than fifteen days of the commission meeting at which such leave was denied, for an order requiring the commission to hear such appeal.

(3) In making the findings and determination under subdivision (2) of this subsection the commission shall consider the nature of any injustice or abuse of administrative process, including, but not limited to: (A) The nature, content, language or subject matter of the request or the appeal, including, among other factors, whether the request or appeal is repetitious or cumulative; (B) the nature, content, language or subject matter of prior or contemporaneous requests or appeals by the person making the request or taking the appeal; (C) the nature, content, language or subject matter of other verbal and written communications to any agency or any official of any agency from the person making the request or taking the appeal; (D) any history of nonappearance at commission proceedings or disruption of the commission's administrative process, including, but not limited to, delaying commission proceedings; and (E) the refusal to participate in settlement conferences conducted by a commission ombudsman in accordance with the commission's regulations.

(4) Notwithstanding any provision of this subsection, in the case of an appeal to the commission of a denial by a public agency, the commission may, upon motion of such agency, confirm the action of the agency and dismiss the appeal without a hearing if it finds, after examining the notice of appeal and construing all allegations most favorably to the appellant, that (A) the agency has not violated the Freedom of Information Act, or (B) the agency has committed a technical violation of the Freedom of Information Act that constitutes a harmless error that does not infringe the appellant's rights under said act.

(5) Notwithstanding any provision of this subsection, in the case of an appeal to the commission of a denial by a public agency where, after a hearing, the commission finds the public agency is engaging in a practice or pattern of conduct that constitutes an obstruction of any right conferred by the Freedom of Information Act or reckless, wilful or wanton misconduct with regard to the delay or denial of responses to requests for public records under said act, the commission may impose a civil penalty of not less than twenty dollars nor more than five thousand dollars against a custodian or other official of such public agency, and order such other relief that the commission, in its discretion, determines is appropriate to rectify such obstruction or misconduct and to deter such public agency from violating the Freedom of Information Act. In case of any failure or refusal to comply with any order issued under this subdivision, the commission may apply to the superior court for the judicial district in which the public agency is located for an order requiring such public agency to comply with such order.

(6) Notwithstanding any provision of this subsection, a public agency may petition the commission for relief from a requester that the public agency alleges is a vexatious requester. Such petition shall be sworn under penalty of false statement, as provided in section 53a-157b , and shall detail the conduct which the agency alleges demonstrates a vexatious history of requests, including, but not limited to: (A) The number of requests filed and the total number of pending requests; (B) the scope of the requests; (C) the nature, content, language or subject matter of the requests; (D) the nature, content, language or subject matter of other oral and written communications to the agency from the requester; and (E) a pattern of conduct that amounts to an abuse of the right to access information under the Freedom of Information Act or an interference with the operation of the agency. Upon receipt of such petition, the executive director of the commission shall review the petition and determine whether it warrants a hearing. If the executive director determines that a hearing is not warranted, the executive director shall recommend that the commission deny the petition without a hearing. The commission shall vote at its next regular meeting after such recommendation to accept or reject such recommendation and, after such meeting, shall issue a written explanation of the reasons for such acceptance or rejection. If the executive director determines that a hearing is warranted, the commission shall serve upon all parties, by certified or registered mail or electronic transmission, a copy of such petition together with any other notice or order of the commission. The commission shall, after due notice to the parties, hear and either grant or deny the petition not later than one year after its filing. Upon a grant of such petition, the commission may provide appropriate relief commensurate with the vexatious conduct, including, but not limited to, an order that the agency need not comply with future requests from the vexatious requester for a specified period of time, but not to exceed one year. Any party aggrieved by the commission's granting of such petition may apply to the superior court for the judicial district in which the public agency is located, not later than fifteen days after the commission meeting at which such petition was granted, for an order reversing the commission's decision.

(c) Any person who does not receive proper notice of any meeting of a public agency in accordance with the provisions of the Freedom of Information Act may appeal under the provisions of subsection (b) of this section. A public agency of the state shall be presumed to have given timely and proper notice of any meeting as provided for in said Freedom of Information Act if notice is given in the Connecticut Law Journal or a Legislative Bulletin. A public agency of a political subdivision shall be presumed to have given proper notice of any meeting, if a notice is timely sent under the provisions of said Freedom of Information Act by (1) first-class mail to the address, or (2) electronic transmission to the information processing system, as defined in section 1-267 , indicated in the request of the person requesting the same. If such commission determines that notice was improper, it may, in its sound discretion, declare any or all actions taken at such meeting null and void.

(d) Any party aggrieved by the decision of said commission may appeal therefrom, in accordance with the provisions of section 4-183 . Notwithstanding the provisions of section 4-183 , in any such appeal of a decision of the commission, the court may conduct an in camera review of the original or a certified copy of the records which are at issue in the appeal but were not included in the record of the commission's proceedings, admit the records into evidence and order the records to be sealed or inspected on such terms as the court deems fair and appropriate, during the appeal. The commission shall have standing to defend, prosecute or otherwise participate in any appeal of any of its decisions and to take an appeal from any judicial decision overturning or modifying a decision of the commission. If aggrievement is a jurisdictional prerequisite to the commission taking any such appeal, the commission shall be deemed to be aggrieved. Notwithstanding the provisions of section 3-125 , legal counsel employed or retained by said commission shall represent said commission in all such appeals and in any other litigation affecting said commission. Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (c) of section 4-183 and section 52-64 , all process shall be served upon said commission at its office. Any appeal taken pursuant to this section shall be privileged in respect to its assignment for trial over all other actions except writs of habeas corpus and actions brought by or on behalf of the state, including informations on the relation of private individuals. Nothing in this section shall deprive any party of any rights he may have had at common law prior to January 1, 1958. If the court finds that any appeal taken pursuant to this section or section 4-183 is frivolous or taken solely for the purpose of delay, it shall order the party responsible therefor to pay to the party injured by such frivolous or dilatory appeal costs or attorney's fees of not more than one thousand dollars. Such order shall be in addition to any other remedy or disciplinary action required or permitted by statute or by rules of court.

(e) Within sixty days after the filing of a notice of appeal alleging violation of any right conferred by the Freedom of Information Act concerning records of the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection relating to the state's hazardous waste program under sections 22a-448 to 22a-454 , inclusive, the Freedom of Information Commission shall, after notice to the parties, hear and decide the appeal. Failure by the commission to hear and decide the appeal within such sixty-day period shall constitute a final decision denying such appeal for purposes of this section and section 4-183 . On appeal, the court may, in addition to any other powers conferred by law, order the disclosure of any such records withheld in violation of the Freedom of Information Act and may assess against the state reasonable attorney's fees and other litigation costs reasonably incurred in an appeal in which the complainant has prevailed against the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection.

See Sec. 1-2a re construction of references to “United States mail”, “postmark” or “registered or certified mail”.

Annotations to former section 1-21i:

Cited. 181 C. 324; 182 C. 142; 184 C. 102; 190 C. 235; 192 C. 310; 198 C. 498; 204 C. 609; 205 C. 767; 206 C. 449; 207 C. 698; 208 C. 442; 209 C. 204; 210 C. 590; Id., 646; 212 C. 100; 213 C. 126; Id., 216; 214 C. 312; 216 C. 253; 217 C. 153; Id., 193; 218 C. 256; Id., 757; 220 C. 225; 221 C. 217; Id., 300; Id., 393; Id., 482; Id., 549; 222 C. 621; 228 C. 158; Id., 271; 240 C. 835.

Cited. 2 CA 600; 4 CA 216; Id., 468. Board of pardons not an aggrieved party. 14 CA 380; judgment reversed, see 210 C. 646. Cited. 16 CA 49; 19 CA 352; Id., 539; 20 CA 671; 22 CA 316; 29 CA 821; 35 CA 111; 37 CA 589; 42 CA 402; Id., 700; judgment reversed, see 240 C. 835; 43 CA 133.

Cited. 41 CS 31; Id., 267; 42 CS 84; Id., 129; Id., 291.

Subsec. (a):

Cited. 204 C. 609.

Subsec. (b):

Cited. 182 C. 138. Time requirements are mandatory. 198 C. 498. Time limits mandatory. 199 C. 451. Cited. 201 C. 421; Id., 448; 204 C. 609; 205 C. 767. Where successive requests made for records are denied, appeals may be made within 30 days of any denial. 208 C. 442. Cited. 209 C. 204. Affords a right to appeal to the FOIC any denial, whether written or statutory, of a request for disclosure of public records. 218 C. 256. Cited. 221 C. 217; 233 C. 28; 234 C. 704; 240 C. 1.

Cited. 16 CA 49; 35 CA 111.

Failure of commission to hold a hearing and issue a decision on complaint within time periods prescribed by Subsec. did not void its jurisdiction, those time limits being directory, not mandatory. 36 CS 117. Cited. 39 CS 56. A finding that commission violated the law is equivalent to a finding that commission individually and collectively violated the law and therefore were the individuals “directly responsible for such denial”. 40 CS 233.

Subsec. (c):

An appeal to Superior Court under statute is the route to test whether Freedom of Information Commission acted erroneously in failing to order a public hearing. 2 CA 600.

Subsec. (d):

Cited. 174 C. 308; 177 C. 584; 201 C. 421; 204 C. 609; 205 C. 767. Judgment in 14 CA 380 reversed on issue of aggrievement. Id., 646. Cited. 213 C. 126; Id., 216; 217 C. 153; 218 C. 335. Party status not necessary to standing for appeal of FOIC decision, only aggrievement by the decision must be shown. 221 C. 217. Cited. 222 C. 621; 227 C. 848; 234 C. 624; 240 C. 1; Id., 824; 242 C. 79.

Plaintiff as intervenor, not party, without standing to appeal pursuant to section. 13 CA 315. Cited. 14 CA 380; judgment reversed, see 210 C. 646; 19 CA 489; 36 CA 155; 41 CA 641; judgment reversed, see 240 C. 824; 42 CA 39; judgment reversed, see 241 C. 310.

Cited. 35 CS 186; 39 CS 176; Id., 257; 41 CS 267; 42 CS 84; Id., 129; Id., 291; 43 CS 246; 44 CS 230.

Annotations to present section:

Subsec. (a):

Agency's obligation to reduce to writing its denial of oral requests to inspect or copy records was never triggered because requests did not comply with Sec. 1-210(a). 130 CA 448. For purposes of determining whether a request sent by mail has been deemed denied pursuant to subsection, the operative date is the date that the request was received by the public agency. 222 CA 17.

Subsec. (b):

Legislature intended that the civil penalty provided by Subdiv. (2) would be the exclusive remedy for violation of a right conferred by Freedom of Information Act. 267 C. 669. Subsec. does not authorize commission to impose an obligation that the Freedom of Information Act itself does not demand and that bears no direct remedial effect on the violation established in the complaint; the phrase “rectify the denial” in Subdiv. (2) appears to mean corrective measures to make right a past wrong; trial court improperly concluded that commission had authority to order plaintiff to make and to maintain audio recordings of its executive or closed sessions for the next 3 years since the order did not rectify the denial of any right conferred by the Freedom of Information Act. 302 C. 1.

Subdiv. (2): Fines were valid when ordered after plaintiff refused to disclose records as ordered. 54 CA 373. Commission must ensure that employee whose records are the subject of an appeal has received notice of proceedings where the employer has failed to give required notice; order of disclosure may not be issued until employee whose records are the subject of an appeal has been given proper notice and opportunity for a hearing to assert the personal privacy exemption. 60 CA 584. Subdiv. (2): Plaintiff lacked standing to appeal from commission's failure to impose a civil penalty against agency commissioner; plaintiff was not aggrieved by commission's nonimposition of civil penalty because Freedom of Information Act does not authorize citizen plaintiffs to seek a civil penalty as a remedy and thus she had no legal interest at stake. 161 CA 654.

Subsec. (d):

Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services is an aggrieved party under Subsec. since it is adversely affected by commission's determination that medical records of patients in its facilities can be subject to disclosure which may adversely affect patients' willingness to provide information re their medical history and status, and employees of department may face criminal or civil liability if they do not disclose the records or civil liability if they improperly disclose the records. 318 C. 769.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-241 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 14 / Section 1-241
Sec. 1-241. (Formerly Sec. 1-21l). Injunctive relief from frivolous, unreasonable or harassing freedom of information appeals.
Status: in_force

Annotations to former section 1-21 l :

Cited. 37 CA 589; 42 CA 402; 43 CA 133.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-81 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 10 / Section 1-81
Sec. 1-81. Duties of the board, Office of State Ethics. Employment of executive director, general counsel, ethics enforcement officer. Legal and enforcement divisions of the Office of State Ethics. Regulations. State personnel training in ethics.
Status: in_force

(1) Compile and maintain an index of all reports, advisory opinions, informal staff letters, memoranda issued in accordance with subsection (b) of section 1-82 and statements filed by and with the Office of State Ethics to facilitate public access to such reports and advisory opinions, informal staff letters, memoranda statements as provided by this part;

(2) Preserve advisory opinions and informal staff letters, permanently; preserve memoranda issued in accordance with subsection (b) of section 1-82 and statements and reports filed by and with the board for a period of five years from the date of receipt;

(3) Upon the concurring vote of a majority of the board present and voting, issue advisory opinions with regard to the requirements of this part or part IV of this chapter, upon the request of any person subject to the provisions of this part or part IV of this chapter, and publish such advisory opinions in the Connecticut Law Journal. Advisory opinions rendered by the board, until amended or revoked, shall be binding on the board and shall be deemed to be final decisions of the board for purposes of appeal to the superior court, in accordance with the provisions of section 4-175 or 4-183 . Any advisory opinion concerning the person who requested the opinion and who acted in reliance thereon, in good faith, shall be binding upon the board, and it shall be an absolute defense in any criminal action brought under the provisions of this part or part IV of this chapter, that the accused acted in reliance upon such advisory opinion;

(4) Respond to inquiries and provide advice regarding the code of ethics either verbally or through informal letters;

(5) Provide yearly training to all state employees regarding the code of ethics;

(6) Make legislative recommendations to the General Assembly and report annually, not later than February fifteenth, to the Governor summarizing the activities of the Office of State Ethics; and

(7) Meet not less than once per month with the office's executive director and ethics enforcement officer.

(b) The Office of State Ethics may enter into such contractual agreements as may be necessary for the discharge of its duties, within the limits of its appropriated funds and in accordance with established procedures.

(c) The Office of State Ethics shall employ an executive director, general counsel and ethics enforcement officer, each of whom shall be exempt from classified state service. The ethics enforcement officer shall be a member of the bar of this state. The salary for the executive director, general counsel and the ethics enforcement officer shall be determined by the Commissioner of Administrative Services in accordance with accepted personnel practices. No one person may serve in more than one of the positions described in this subsection. The Office of State Ethics may employ necessary staff within available appropriations. Such necessary staff of the Office of State Ethics shall be in classified state service.

(d) The executive director, described in subsection (c) of this section, shall be appointed by the Citizen's Ethics Advisory Board for an open-ended term. Such appointment shall not be made until all the initial board members appointed to terms commencing on October 1, 2005, are appointed by their respective appointing authorities, pursuant to subsection (a) of section 1-80 . The board shall annually evaluate the performance of the executive director, in writing, and may remove the executive director, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 67.

(e) The general counsel and ethics enforcement officer described in subsection (c) of this section, and other staff of the Office of State Ethics shall be appointed by the executive director of the Office of State Ethics. The executive director shall annually evaluate the performance of the general counsel, ethics enforcement officer and such other staff, in writing, and may remove the general counsel or ethics enforcement officer, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 67, or such other staff, in accordance with any applicable collective bargaining agreement.

(f) There shall be a legal division within the Office of State Ethics. The legal division shall provide the board with legal advice on matters before said board and shall represent the board in all matters in which the board is a party, without the assistance of the Attorney General unless the board requests such assistance. The legal division shall, under the direction of the general counsel, provide information and written and verbal opinions to persons subject to the code and to the general public. The general counsel, described in subsection (c) of this section, shall supervise such division. The investigation or instigation of a complaint may not occur solely because of information received by the legal division.

(g) There shall be an enforcement division within the Office of State Ethics. The enforcement division shall be responsible for investigating complaints brought to or by the board. The ethics enforcement officer, described in subsection (c) of this section, shall supervise the enforcement division. The ethics enforcement officer may represent the Office of State Ethics before the Superior Court in an appeal of any ruling or finding pursuant to, or any matter arising under, section 1-82 , 1-93 , or 1-101nn , provided the board is not a party in such appeal. The enforcement division shall employ such attorneys and investigators, as necessary, within available appropriations, and may refer matters to the office of the Chief State's Attorney, as appropriate.

(h) The Citizen's Ethics Advisory Board shall adopt regulations in accordance with chapter 54 to carry out the purposes of this part. Such regulations shall not be deemed to govern the conduct of any judge trial referee in the performance of such judge trial referee's duties pursuant to this chapter.

(i) The general counsel shall, in consultation with the executive director of the Office of State Ethics, oversee yearly training of all state personnel in the code of ethics, provide training on the code of ethics to other individuals or entities subject to the code and shall make recommendations as to public education regarding ethics.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-212 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 14 / Section 1-212
Sec. 1-212. (Formerly Sec. 1-15). Copies and scanning of public records. Fees.
Status: in_force

(A) By an executive, administrative or legislative office of the state, a state agency or a department, institution, bureau, board, commission, authority or official of the state, including a committee of, or created by, such an office, agency, department, institution, bureau, board, commission, authority or official, and also including any judicial office, official or body or committee thereof but only in respect to its or their administrative functions, shall not exceed twenty-five cents per page; and

(B) By all other public agencies, as defined in section 1-200 , shall not exceed fifty cents per page. If any copy provided in accordance with said Freedom of Information Act requires a transcription, or if any person applies for a transcription of a public record, the fee for such transcription shall not exceed the cost thereof to the public agency.

(b) The fee for any copy provided in accordance with subsection (a) of section 1-211 shall not exceed the cost thereof to the public agency. In determining such costs for a copy, other than for a printout which exists at the time that the agency responds to the request for such copy, an agency may include only:

(1) An amount equal to the hourly salary attributed to all agency employees engaged in providing the requested computer-stored public record, including their time performing the formatting or programming functions necessary to provide the copy as requested, but not including search or retrieval costs except as provided in subdivision (4) of this subsection;

(2) An amount equal to the cost to the agency of engaging an outside professional electronic copying service to provide such copying services, if such service is necessary to provide the copying as requested;

(3) The actual cost of the storage devices or media provided to the person making the request in complying with such request; and

(4) The computer time charges incurred by the agency in providing the requested computer-stored public record where another agency or contractor provides the agency with computer storage and retrieval services. Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, the fee for any copy of the names of registered voters shall not exceed three cents per name delivered or the cost thereof to the public agency, as determined pursuant to this subsection, whichever is less. The Department of Administrative Services shall provide guidelines to agencies regarding the calculation of the fees charged for copies of computer-stored public records to ensure that such fees are reasonable and consistent among agencies.

(c) A public agency may require the prepayment of any fee required or permitted under the Freedom of Information Act if such fee is estimated to be ten dollars or more. The sales tax provided in chapter 219 shall not be imposed upon any transaction for which a fee is required or permissible under this section or section 1-227 .

(d) The public agency shall waive any fee provided for in this section when:

(1) The person requesting the records is an indigent individual;

(2) The records located are determined by the public agency to be exempt from disclosure under subsection (b) of section 1-210 ;

(3) In its judgment, compliance with the applicant's request benefits the general welfare;

(4) The person requesting the record is an elected official of a political subdivision of the state and the official (A) obtains the record from an agency of the political subdivision in which the official serves, and (B) certifies that the record pertains to the official's duties; or

(5) The person requesting the records is a member of the Division of Public Defender Services or an attorney appointed by the court as a Division of Public Defender Services assigned counsel under section 51-296 and such member or attorney certifies that the record pertains to the member's or attorney's duties.

(e) Except as otherwise provided by law, the fee for any person who has the custody of any public records or files for certifying any copy of such records or files, or certifying to any fact appearing therefrom, shall be for the first page of such certificate, or copy and certificate, one dollar; and for each additional page, fifty cents. For the purpose of computing such fee, such copy and certificate shall be deemed to be one continuous instrument.

(f) The Secretary of the State, after consulting with the chairperson of the Freedom of Information Commission, the Commissioner of Correction and a representative of the Judicial Department, shall propose a fee structure for copies of public records provided to an inmate, as defined in section 18-84 , in accordance with subsection (a) of this section. The Secretary of the State shall submit such proposed fee structure to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to government administration, not later than January 15, 2000.

(g) Any individual may copy a public record through the use of a hand-held scanner. A public agency may establish a fee structure not to exceed twenty dollars for an individual to pay each time the individual copies records at the agency with a hand-held scanner. As used in this section, “hand-held scanner” means a battery operated electronic scanning device the use of which (1) leaves no mark or impression on the public record, and (2) does not unreasonably interfere with the operation of the public agency.

Annotations to former section 1-15:

Cited. 174 C. 308; 181 C. 324; 182 C. 138; Id., 142; 190 C. 235; 192 C. 310; 204 C. 609; 205 C. 767; 206 C. 449; 207 C. 698; 208 C. 442; 209 C. 204; 210 C. 590; Id., 646; 212 C. 100; 213 C. 126; Id., 216; 214 C. 312; 216 C. 253; 217 C. 153; Id., 193; 218 C. 256; 221 C. 217; Id., 300; Id., 393; Id., 482; Id., 549; 222 C. 621; 227 C. 641; 228 C. 158; Id., 271; 240 C. 1; 241 C. 310.

Cited. 4 CA 468; 14 CA 380; judgment reversed, see 210 C. 646; 16 CA 49; 19 CA 352; Id., 539; 20 CA 671. Printout copies, not computer diskettes, are appropriate responses to information requests. 22 CA 316. Cited. 29 CA 547; Id., 821; 35 CA 111; 36 CA 155; 37 CA 589; 41 CA 67; 42 CA 402; 43 CA 133.

Cited. 41 CS 31; Id., 267; 42 CS 84; Id., 129; Id., 291; 43 CS 246.

Annotations to present section:

Section does not prohibit state agency from passing on licensing fees or from charging for the contractual cost of copying and disseminating copyrighted materials in addition to copying fees authorized by statute. 307 C. 648.

To meet the requirements of the term “certified”, document needs to be attested to as a true copy of the original, in writing, by an official with the authority to do so. 108 CA 471.

Subsec. (a):

Time limitation of two weeks set by commission to provide “prompt” access to requested public records, without any explanation or reason, was an arbitrary limitation and thus an abuse of discretion. 116 CA 171. Subsec. requires individual seeking copy of public record to reduce request to writing for request to be enforceable by Freedom of Information Commission; agency did not violate promptness requirement by failing to comply with oral requests for copies of documents. 130 CA 448.

Subsec. (e):

The term “page” means one side of a piece of printed matter. 108 CA 471.

Subsec. (g):

In light of plain and unambiguous text of statute, trial court did not improperly interpret language to require “hand-held scanners” to be “hand-held”, thus excluding use of flatbed scanner. 135 CA 202.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-65bb — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 8b / Section 1-65bb
Sec. 1-65bb. Definitions.
Status: in_force

(1) “Boundaries of the United States” means the geographic boundaries of the United States, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands and any territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States.

(2) “Law” includes the United States Constitution or a state constitution, a federal or state statute, a judicial decision or order, a rule of court, an executive order or an administrative rule, regulation or order.

(3) “Record” means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form.

(4) “Sign” means, with present intent to authenticate or adopt a record:

(A) To execute or adopt a tangible symbol; or

(B) To attach to or logically associate with the record an electronic symbol, sound or process.

(5) “State” means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands or any territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States.

(6) “Sworn declaration” means a declaration in a signed record given under oath. “Sworn declaration” includes a sworn statement, verification, certificate or affidavit.

(7) “Unsworn declaration” means a declaration in a signed record that is not given under oath, but is given under penalty of perjury.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-362 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 15c / Section 1-362
Sec. 1-362. Validity of substitute decision-making document.
Status: in_force

(b) A substitute decision-making document for health care or personal care, including the appointment of a health care representative, executed outside this state is valid in this state if, when the document was executed, the execution complied with: (1) The law of the jurisdiction indicated in the document or, if no jurisdiction is indicated, the law of the jurisdiction in which the document was executed; or (2) the law of this state, other than sections 1-360 to 1-369 , inclusive.

(c) Except as otherwise provided by law, a photocopy or electronically transmitted copy of an original substitute decision-making document has the same effect as the original.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-121 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 12 / Section 1-121
Sec. 1-121. Notice prior to action on procedures. Adoption procedure. Emergency procedures.
Status: in_force

(b) If a quasi-public agency finds that an imminent peril to the public health, safety or welfare requires adoption of a proposed procedure upon fewer than thirty days' notice, states in writing its reasons for such finding and the agency's board of directors, by a three-fourths vote of the statutory membership, approves the finding in writing, the agency may proceed, without prior notice or hearing or upon any abbreviated notice and hearing that it finds practicable, to adopt an emergency proposed procedure not later than ten days, excluding Saturdays, Sundays and holidays, prior to the proposed effective date of the proposed procedure. An approved emergency procedure may be effective for a period of not more than one hundred twenty days and renewable once for a period of not more than sixty days. If the necessary steps to adopt a permanent procedure, including publication of notice of intent to adopt, are not completed prior to the expiration date of an emergency procedure, the emergency procedure shall cease to be effective on that date.

(c) The provisions of subsections (a) and (b) of this section shall not apply to the Connecticut Lottery Corporation, established pursuant to section 12-802 , prior to July 1, 1997.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-11 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 3 / Section 1-11
Sec. 1-11. Loose-leaf binders for public records.
Status: in_force

See Sec. 11-8(b) re appointment of Public Records Administrator.

Cited. 206 C. 449.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-267 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 15 / Section 1-267
Sec. 1-267. Definitions.
Status: in_force

(1) “Agreement” means the bargain of the parties in fact, as found in their language or inferred from other circumstances and from rules, regulations and procedures given the effect of agreements under laws otherwise applicable to a particular transaction.

(2) “Automated transaction” means a transaction conducted or performed, in whole or in part, by electronic means or electronic records in which the acts or records of one or both parties are not reviewed by an individual in the ordinary course of forming a contract, performing under an existing contract or fulfilling an obligation required by the transaction.

(3) “Computer program” means a set of statements or instructions to be used directly or indirectly in an information processing system in order to bring about a certain result.

(4) “Contract” means the total legal obligation resulting from the parties' agreement as affected by sections 1-266 to 1-286 , inclusive, and other applicable law.

(5) “Electronic” means relating to technology having electrical, digital, magnetic, wireless, optical or electromagnetic capabilities or similar capabilities.

(6) “Electronic agent” means a computer program or an electronic or other automated means used independently to initiate an action or respond to electronic records or performances, in whole or in part, without review or action by an individual.

(7) “Electronic record” means a record created, generated, sent, communicated, received or stored by electronic means, including, but not limited to, facsimiles, electronic mail, telexes, Internet messaging and an electronic delivery service that delivers communications to their intended recipients while using a security procedure.

(8) “Electronic signature” means an electronic sound, symbol or process attached to or logically associated with a record and executed or adopted by a person with the intent to sign the record.

(9) “Governmental agency” means an executive, legislative or judicial agency, department, board, commission, authority, institution or instrumentality of a state or of a county, municipality or other political subdivision of a state.

(10) “Information” means data, text, images, sounds, codes, computer programs, software, databases or the like.

(11) “Information processing system” means an electronic system for creating, generating, sending, receiving, storing, displaying or processing information.

(12) “Person” has the same meaning as provided in subsection (k) of section 1-1 .

(13) “Record” means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form.

(14) “Security procedure” means a procedure employed for the purpose of verifying that an electronic signature, record or performance is that of a specific person or for detecting changes or errors in the information in an electronic record, including a method that matches an electronic mail address to a person's United States Postal Service physical address and a procedure that requires the use of algorithms or other codes, identifying words or numbers, encryption or callback or other acknowledgment procedures.

(15) “State” means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands or any territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, including an Indian tribe or band, or an Alaskan native village, that is recognized by federal law or formally acknowledged by a state.

(16) “Transaction” means an action or set of actions occurring between two or more persons relating to the conduct of business, consumer, commercial, charitable or governmental affairs.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-93a — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 10 / Section 1-93a
Sec. 1-93a. Confidentiality of complaints, evaluations of possible violations and investigations. Publication of findings.
Status: in_force

(b) An investigation conducted prior to a probable cause finding shall be confidential except upon the request of the respondent. If the investigation is confidential, the allegations in the complaint and any information supplied to or received from the Office of State Ethics shall not be disclosed during the investigation to any third party by a complainant, respondent, witness, designated party, or Office of State Ethics or staff member.

(c) Not later than three business days after the termination of the investigation, the Office of State Ethics shall inform the complainant and the respondent of its finding and provide them a summary of its reasons for making that finding. The Office of State Ethics shall publish its finding upon the respondent's request and may also publish a summary of its reasons for making such finding.

(d) If a judge trial referee makes a finding of no probable cause, the complaint and the record of its investigation shall remain confidential, except upon the request of the respondent and except that some or all of the record may be used in subsequent proceedings. No complainant, respondent, witness, designated party, or Office of State Ethics or staff member shall disclose to any third party any information learned from the investigation, including knowledge of the existence of a complaint, which the disclosing party would not otherwise have known. If such a disclosure is made, the judge trial referee may, after consultation with the respondent if the respondent is not the source of the disclosure, publish its finding and a summary of its reasons therefor.

(e) The judge trial referee shall make public a finding of probable cause not later than five business days after any such finding. At such time, the entire record of the investigation shall become public, except that the Office of State Ethics may postpone examination or release of such public records for a period not to exceed fourteen days for the purpose of reaching a stipulation agreement pursuant to subsection (c) of section 4-177 . Any stipulation agreement or settlement entered into for a violation of this part shall be approved by a majority of its members present and voting.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-3 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 1 / Section 1-3
Sec. 1-3. Validity of separate provisions of acts.
Status: in_force

If statute is partially invalid, valid part may stand if it and the invalid part are not so mutually connected and dependent as to indicate legislative intent that they are inseparable. 146 C. 78. To overcome presumption of separability it must be shown the portion declared invalid is so mutually connected and dependent on remainder as to indicate an intent they should stand or fall together, and to warrant belief the legislature would not have adopted remainder independently of invalid portion; similarly when application to distinct classes of persons is at issue. 171 C. 141. Cited. 191 C. 336; 199 C. 693; 201 C. 435; 215 C. 675.

Cited. 32 CA 656; judgment reversed in part, see 232 C. 345.

Cited. 30 CS 87.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-82 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 10 / Section 1-82
Sec. 1-82. Complaints. Procedure. Time limits. Investigation; notice; hearings. Attorneys' fees. Damages for complaints without foundation.
Status: in_force

(2) In the conduct of its investigation of an alleged violation of this part, section 1-101bb or section 1-101nn , the Office of State Ethics shall have the power to hold hearings, administer oaths, examine witnesses and receive oral and documentary evidence. The Office of State Ethics may subpoena witnesses under procedural rules adopted by the Citizen's Ethics Advisory Board as regulations in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54 to compel attendance before the Office of State Ethics and to require the production for examination by the ethics enforcement officer of the Office of State Ethics of any books and papers which the Office of State Ethics deems relevant in any matter under investigation or in question, provided any such subpoena is issued either pursuant to a majority vote of the Citizen's Ethics Advisory Board or pursuant to the signature of the chairperson of such board. The vice-chairperson of such board may sign any such subpoena if the chairperson of such board is unavailable. In the exercise of such powers, the Office of State Ethics may use the services of the state police, who shall provide the same upon the office's request. The Office of State Ethics shall make a record of all proceedings conducted pursuant to this subsection. The ethics enforcement officer of the Office of State Ethics may bring any alleged violation of this part before a judge trial referee assigned by the Chief Court Administrator for such purpose for a probable cause hearing. Such judge trial referee shall be compensated in accordance with the provisions of section 52-434 from such funds as may be available to the Office of State Ethics. Any witness summoned before the Office of State Ethics or a judge trial referee pursuant to this subsection shall receive the witness fee paid to witnesses in the courts of this state. During any investigation conducted pursuant to this subsection or any probable cause hearing conducted pursuant to this subsection, the respondent shall have the right to appear and be heard and to offer any information which may tend to clear the respondent of probable cause to believe the respondent has violated any provision of this part, section 1-101bb or section 1-101nn . The respondent shall also have the right to be represented by legal counsel and to examine and cross-examine witnesses. Not later than ten days prior to the commencement of any hearing conducted pursuant to this subsection, the Office of State Ethics shall provide the respondent with a list of its intended witnesses. Any finding of probable cause to believe the respondent is in violation of any provisions of this part shall be made by a judge trial referee not later than thirty days after the ethics enforcement officer brings such alleged violation before such judge trial referee, except that such thirty-day limitation period shall not apply if the judge trial referee determines that good cause exists for extending such limitation period.

(b) If a judge trial referee determines that probable cause exists for the violation of a provision of this part, section 1-101bb or section 1-101nn , the board shall initiate hearings to determine whether there has been a violation of this part, section 1-101bb or section 1-101nn . Any such hearing shall be initiated by the board not later than thirty days after the finding of probable cause by a judge trial referee and shall be concluded not later than ninety days after its initiation, except that such thirty or ninety-day limitation period shall not apply if the judge trial referee determines that good cause exists for extending such limitation period. A judge trial referee, who has not taken part in the probable cause determination on the matter shall be assigned by the Chief Court Administrator and shall be compensated in accordance with section 52-434 out of funds available to the Office of State Ethics. Such judge trial referee shall preside over such hearing and rule on all issues concerning the application of the rules of evidence, which shall be the same as in judicial proceedings. The judge trial referee shall have no vote in any decision of the board. All hearings of the board held pursuant to this subsection shall be open. At such hearing the board shall have the same powers as the Office of State Ethics under subsection (a) of this section and the respondent shall have the right to be represented by legal counsel, to compel attendance of witnesses and the production of books, documents, records and papers and to examine and cross-examine witnesses. Not later than ten days prior to the commencement of any hearing conducted pursuant to this subsection, the Office of State Ethics shall provide the respondent with a list of its intended witnesses. The judge trial referee shall, while engaged in the discharge of the duties as provided in this subsection, have the same authority as is provided in section 51-35 over witnesses who refuse to obey a subpoena or to testify with respect to any matter upon which such witness may be lawfully interrogated, and may commit any such witness for contempt for a period no longer than thirty days. The Office of State Ethics shall make a record of all proceedings pursuant to this subsection. During the course of any such hearing, no ex-parte communication shall occur between the board, or any of its members, and: (1) The judge trial referee, or (2) any staff member of the Enforcement Division of the Office of State Ethics, concerning the complaint or the respondent. The board shall find no person in violation of any provision of this part, section 1-101bb or section 1-101nn except upon the concurring vote of two-thirds of its members present and voting. No member of the board shall vote on the question of whether a violation of any provision of this part has occurred unless such member was physically present for the duration of any hearing held pursuant to this subsection. Not later than forty-five days after the public hearing conducted in accordance with this subsection, the board shall publish its finding and a memorandum of the reasons therefor. Such finding and memorandum shall be deemed to be the final decision of the board on the matter for the purposes of chapter 54. The respondent, if aggrieved by the finding and memorandum, may appeal therefrom to the Superior Court in accordance with the provisions of section 4-183 .

(c) If a judge trial referee finds, after a hearing pursuant to this section, that there is no probable cause to believe that a public official or state employee has violated a provision of this part, section 1-101bb or section 1-101nn , or if the board determines that a public official or state employee has not violated any such provision, or if a court of competent jurisdiction overturns a finding by the board of a violation by such a respondent, the state shall pay the reasonable legal expenses of the respondent as determined by the Attorney General or by the court if appropriate. If any complaint brought under the provisions of this part, section 1-101bb or section 1-101nn is made with the knowledge that it is made without foundation in fact, the respondent shall have a cause of action against the complainant for double the amount of damage caused thereby and, if the respondent prevails in such action, the respondent may be awarded by the court the costs of such action together with reasonable attorneys' fees.

(d) No complaint may be made under this section later than five years after the violation alleged in the complaint has been committed.

(e) No person shall take or threaten to take official action against an individual for such individual's disclosure of information to the board or the general counsel, ethics enforcement officer or staff of the Office of State Ethics under the provisions of this part, section 1-101bb or section 1-101nn . After receipt of information from an individual under the provisions of this part, section 1-101bb or section 1-101nn , the Office of State Ethics shall not disclose the identity of such individual without such individual's consent unless the Office of State Ethics determines that such disclosure is unavoidable during the course of an investigation. No person shall be subject to civil liability for any good faith disclosure that such person makes to the Office of State Ethics.

Cited. 222 C. 799; 224 C. 29.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-350m — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 15c / Section 1-350m
Sec. 1-350m. Agent's duties.
Status: in_force

(1) Act in accordance with the principal's reasonable expectations, and, if such expectations are unknown, make reasonable efforts to ascertain the principal's expectations and act, otherwise, in the principal's best interest;

(2) Act in good faith; and

(3) Act only within the scope of authority granted in the power of attorney.

(b) Unless the power of attorney otherwise provides, an agent that has accepted appointment shall:

(1) Act loyally for the principal's benefit;

(2) Act so as not to create a conflict of interest that impairs the agent's ability to act impartially in the principal's best interest;

(3) Act with the care, competence and diligence ordinarily exercised by agents in similar circumstances;

(4) Keep a record of all receipts, disbursements and transactions made on behalf of the principal;

(5) Cooperate with a person that has authority to make health care decisions for the principal to carry out the principal's reasonable expectations to the extent actually known by the agent and, otherwise, act in the principal's best interest; and

(6) Attempt to preserve the principal's estate plan, to the extent actually known by the agent, if preserving the plan is consistent with the principal's best interest based on all relevant factors, including:

(A) The value and nature of the principal's property;

(B) The principal's foreseeable obligations and need for maintenance;

(C) Minimization of taxes, including income, estate, inheritance, generation skipping transfer and gift taxes; and

(D) Eligibility for a benefit, a program or assistance under a federal or state statute or regulation.

(c) An agent that acts in good faith is not liable to any beneficiary of the principal's estate plan for failure to preserve the plan.

(d) An agent that acts with care, competence and diligence for the best interest of the principal is not liable solely because the agent also benefits from the act or has an individual or conflicting interest in relation to the property or affairs of the principal.

(e) If an agent is selected by the principal because of special skills or expertise possessed by the agent or in reliance on the agent's representation that the agent has special skills or expertise, the special skills or expertise must be considered in determining whether the agent has acted with care, competence and diligence under the circumstances. An agent shall not be considered to have special skills or expertise solely because such agent is an attorney.

(f) Absent a breach of duty to the principal, an agent is not liable if the value of the principal's property declines.

(g) An agent that exercises authority to delegate to another person the authority granted by the principal or that engages another person on behalf of the principal is not liable for an act, error of judgment or default of that person if the agent exercises care, competence and diligence in selecting and monitoring the person.

(h) Unless the power of attorney otherwise provides, an agent is not required to disclose receipts, disbursements or transactions conducted on behalf of the principal unless ordered by a court or requested by the principal, a guardian, a conservator, another fiduciary acting for the principal, a representative of the Division of Protective Services for the Elderly within the Department of Social Services or, upon the death of the principal, by the personal representative or successor in interest of the principal's estate. If so requested, the agent shall comply with the request not later than thirty days after the date of such request or provide a writing or other record substantiating why additional time is needed, in which case, the agent shall comply with the request not later than thirty days after the date of providing such writing or record.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-351e — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 15c / Section 1-351e
Sec. 1-351e. General authority with respect to stocks and bonds.
Status: in_force

(1) Buy, sell and exchange stocks and bonds;

(2) Establish, continue, modify or terminate an account with respect to stocks and bonds;

(3) Pledge stocks and bonds as security to borrow, pay, renew or extend the time of payment of a debt of the principal;

(4) Receive certificates and other evidences of ownership with respect to stocks and bonds; and

(5) Exercise voting rights with respect to stocks and bonds in person or by proxy, enter into voting trusts and consent to limitations on the right to vote.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-110a — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 11a / Section 1-110a
Sec. 1-110a. Pension revocation or reduction for public officials and state or municipal employees convicted of crimes related to state or municipal office. Factors. Voluntary provision of information. Innocent spouse, dependents and beneficiaries. Notification to Attorney General. Severability of provisions.
Status: in_force

(b) In determining whether the pension shall be revoked or reduced, the Superior Court shall consider and make findings on the following factors:

(1) The severity of the crime related to state or municipal office for which the public official or state or municipal employee has been convicted or to which the public official or state or municipal employee has pled guilty or nolo contendere;

(2) The amount of monetary loss suffered by the state, a municipality or a quasi-public agency or by any other person as a result of the crime related to state or municipal office;

(3) The degree of public trust reposed in the public official or state or municipal employee by virtue of the person's position as a public official or state or municipal employee;

(4) If the crime related to state or municipal office was part of a fraudulent scheme against the state or a municipality, the role of the public official or state or municipal employee in the fraudulent scheme against the state or a municipality; and

(5) Any such other factors as, in the judgment of the Superior Court, justice may require.

(c) If the court determines, or the Attorney General certifies, that a public official or state or municipal employee, who was convicted of or pled guilty or nolo contendere to a crime related to state or municipal office, voluntarily provided information to the Attorney General, the Auditors of Public Accounts or any state, federal or local law enforcement official concerning the commission of such crime related to state or municipal office by another public official or state or municipal employee who had a greater degree of culpability for such crime than the public official or state or municipal employee providing such information, the court shall not reduce or revoke the pension of such public official or state or municipal employee, provided such public official or state or municipal employee voluntarily provided such information prior to learning of a criminal investigation into such crime related to state or municipal office.

(d) If the Superior Court determines that the pension of a public official or state or municipal employee should be reduced, it may, after taking into consideration the financial needs and resources of any innocent spouse, dependents and designated beneficiaries of the public official or state or municipal employee, order that some or all of the reduced pension be paid to any such innocent spouse, dependent or beneficiary as justice may require.

(e) If the Superior Court determines that the pension of such public official or state or municipal employee should not be revoked or reduced, it shall order that the retirement or other benefit or payment be made to such public official or state or municipal employee.

(f) In all criminal proceedings in state court in which the defendant is a public official or a state or municipal employee who is charged with a crime related to state or municipal office, the state prosecutor shall notify the Attorney General of such proceedings and the Attorney General shall pursue remedies under the pension revocation statute, including the possibility that any fine, restitution or other monetary order made by the court be paid from such official's or employee's pension.

(g) If any provision, clause or phrase of this section or of any order or any action of the Attorney General hereunder is adjudged by any court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, or if the applicability thereof to any person or circumstance is held invalid, such judgment shall not invalidate the remainder of this section or such order or action, and the applicability thereof to other persons and circumstances shall not be affected thereby.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-123 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 12 / Section 1-123
Sec. 1-123. Reports.
Status: in_force

(b) For the quarter commencing July 1, 2010, and for each quarter thereafter, the board of directors of each quasi-public agency shall submit a report to the Office of Fiscal Analysis. Such report shall include, but not be limited to, for each fund and account of the agency: (1) The beginning fiscal year balance; (2) all funds expended and all revenue collected by the end of the quarter; and (3) total expenditures and revenues estimated at the end of the fiscal year. For the purposes of this subsection, “expenditures” and “revenues” have the same meaning as provided in section 4-69 .

(c) For the quarter commencing July 1, 2010, and for each quarter thereafter, the board of directors of each quasi-public agency shall submit a personnel status report to the Office of Fiscal Analysis. Such report shall include, but not be limited to: (1) The total number of employees by the end of the quarter; (2) the positions vacated and the positions filled by the end of the quarter; and (3) the positions estimated to be vacant and the positions estimated to be filled at the end of the fiscal year.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-101aa — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 10 / Section 1-101aa
Sec. 1-101aa. Provider participation in informal committees, task forces and work groups of certain state agencies not deemed to be lobbying.
Status: in_force

(b) Notwithstanding any provision of part II of this chapter or any regulation adopted or advisory opinion issued under said part, the department may invite a provider to participate in any informal policy-making committee, task force, work group or other ad hoc committee established by the department, and such participation shall not be deemed to be lobbying for purposes of said part.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-141 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 13a / Section 1-141
Sec. 1-141. Treatment of payments made under Economic Stimulus Act of 2008 to applicants for or recipients of state or local benefits, services or tax relief.
Status: in_force

(b) Any such payment shall not be counted as income for purposes of determining the eligibility for, or the benefit level of, such individual under any property tax exemption, property tax credit or rental rebate program financed in whole or in part with state funds, nor shall such payment be counted as income for purposes of any property tax relief program that a municipality may, at its option, offer.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-1c — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 1 / Section 1-1c
Sec. 1-1c. “Elector” defined. “Special election warned and held or called for that purpose”, means “referendum”, when.
Status: in_force

(b) Whenever the term “special election warned and held or called for that purpose”, or words of similar import, is used in the general statutes, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, it means a referendum, as defined in subdivision (2) of subsection (n) of section 9-1 .

Cited. 31 CS 454; 43 CS 297.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-335 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 15b / Section 1-335
Sec. 1-335. Presumptions re authenticity of legal material in an electronic record.
Status: in_force

(b) If another state has adopted a law substantially similar to the provisions of sections 1-330 to 1-340 , inclusive, legal material in an electronic record that is designated as official and authenticated by the official publisher in that state is presumed to be an accurate copy of the legal material.

(c) A party contesting the authentication of legal material in an electronic record authenticated under section 1-334 has the burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence that the record is not authentic.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-277 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 15 / Section 1-277
Sec. 1-277. Retention of electronic records; originals.
Status: in_force

(1) Accurately reflects the information set forth in the record after it was first generated in its final form as an electronic record or otherwise; and

(2) Remains accessible for later reference.

(b) A requirement to retain a record in accordance with subsection (a) of this section does not apply to any information the sole purpose of which is to enable the record to be sent, communicated or received.

(c) A person may satisfy subsection (a) of this section by using the services of another person if the requirements of said subsection are satisfied.

(d) If a law requires a record to be presented or retained in its original form, or provides consequences if the record is not presented or retained in its original form, such law is satisfied by an electronic record retained in accordance with subsection (a) of this section.

(e) If a law requires retention of a check, the requirement is satisfied by retention of an electronic record of the information on the front and back of the check in accordance with subsection (a) of this section.

(f) A record retained as an electronic record in accordance with subsection (a) of this section satisfies a law requiring a person to retain a record for evidentiary, audit or like purposes, unless a law enacted after October 1, 2002, specifically prohibits the use of an electronic record for the specified purpose.

(g) This section does not preclude a governmental agency in this state from specifying additional requirements for the retention of a record subject to the agency's jurisdiction, except as otherwise required by the State Librarian or the Public Records Administrator in accordance with sections 11-8 and 11-8a .
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-351a — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 15c / Section 1-351a
Sec. 1-351a. Incorporation of authority.
Status: in_force

(b) A reference in a power of attorney to general authority with respect to the descriptive term for a subject in sections 1-351c to 1-351p , inclusive, or a citation to a section of sections 1-351c to 1-351p , inclusive, incorporates the entire section as if it were set out in full in the power of attorney.

(c) A principal may modify authority incorporated by reference.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-351i — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 15c / Section 1-351i
Sec. 1-351i. General authority with respect to insurance and annuities.
Status: in_force

(1) Continue, pay the premium or make a contribution on, modify, exchange, rescind, release or terminate a contract procured by or on behalf of the principal which insures or provides an annuity to either the principal or another person, whether or not the principal is a beneficiary under the contract;

(2) Procure new, different and additional contracts of insurance and annuities for the principal and the principal's spouse, children and other dependents, and select the amount, type of insurance or annuity and mode of payment;

(3) Pay the premium or make a contribution on, modify, exchange, rescind, release or terminate a contract of insurance or annuity procured by the agent;

(4) Apply for and receive a loan secured by a contract of insurance or annuity;

(5) Surrender and receive the cash surrender value on a contract of insurance or annuity;

(6) Exercise an election;

(7) Exercise investment powers available under a contract of insurance or annuity;

(8) Change the manner of paying premiums on a contract of insurance or annuity;

(9) Change or convert the type of insurance or annuity with respect to which the principal has or claims to have authority described in this section;

(10) Apply for and procure a benefit or assistance under a federal or state statute or regulation to guarantee or pay premiums of a contract of insurance on the life of the principal;

(11) Collect, sell, assign, hypothecate, borrow against or pledge the interest of the principal in a contract of insurance or annuity;

(12) Select the form and timing of the payment of proceeds from a contract of insurance or annuity; and

(13) Pay, from proceeds or otherwise, compromise or contest and apply for refunds in connection with, a tax or assessment levied by a taxing authority with respect to a contract of insurance or annuity or its proceeds or liability accruing by reason of the tax or assessment.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-1b — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 1 / Section 1-1b
Sec. 1-1b. Payment by bank treasurer's or cashier's check in lieu of certified check.
Status: in_force

(b) When the terms of any contract entered into in this state require payment by certified check, unless the contrary is expressly stated, “certified check” shall be construed to include any bank treasurer's or cashier's check.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-352 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 15c / Section 1-352
Sec. 1-352. Power of attorney short form, long form and optional information form.
Status: in_force

(2) “DURABLE STATUTORY POWER OF ATTORNEY - SHORT FORM

Notice: The powers granted by this document are broad and sweeping. They are defined in the Connecticut Uniform Power of Attorney Act, which expressly permits the use of any other or different form of power of attorney desired by the parties concerned. The grantor of any power of attorney or the agent may make application to a Probate Court for an accounting as provided in subsection (d) of section 45a-175 of the general statutes. This power of attorney does not authorize the agent to make health care decisions for you.

Know All Persons by These Presents, which are intended to constitute a GENERAL POWER OF ATTORNEY pursuant to the Connecticut Uniform Power of Attorney Act:

That I .... (insert name and address of the principal) do hereby appoint .... (insert name and address of the agent, or each agent, if more than one is designated) my agent(s) TO ACT .....

If more than one agent is designated and the principal wishes each agent alone to be able to exercise the power conferred, insert in this blank the word ‘severally'. Failure to make any insertion or the insertion of the word ‘jointly' shall require the agents to act jointly.

First: In my name, place and stead in any way which I myself could do, if I were personally present, with respect to the following matters as each of them is defined in the Connecticut Uniform Power of Attorney Act to the extent that I am permitted by law to act through an agent:

(Strike out and initial in the opposite box any one or more of the subparagraphs as to which the principal does NOT desire to give the agent authority. Such elimination of any one or more of subparagraphs (A) to (M), inclusive, shall automatically constitute an elimination also of subparagraph (N).)

To strike out any subparagraph the principal must draw a line through the text of that subparagraph AND write his initials in the box opposite.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-96a — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 10 / Section 1-96a
Sec. 1-96a. Maintenance of substantiating documents. Random audits of registrants.
Status: in_force

(b) The Office of State Ethics may require, on a random basis, any registrant to make all such documents substantiating financial reports concerning lobbying activities on and after October 1, 1991, available for inspection and copying by the Office of State Ethics for the purpose of verifying such financial reports, provided no registrant shall be subject to such requirement more than one time during any three consecutive years. The Office of State Ethics shall select registrants to be audited by lot in a ceremony which shall be open to the public. Nothing in this subsection shall require a registrant to make any documents concerning nonlobbying activities available to the Office of State Ethics for inspection and copying.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-101oo — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 10 / Section 1-101oo
Sec. 1-101oo. Jurisdiction over nonresidents. Secretary of the State as process agent. Service of process.
Status: in_force

(b) Where personal jurisdiction is based solely upon this section, an appearance does not confer personal jurisdiction with respect to causes of action not arising from an act enumerated in this section.

(c) Any nonresident person or the agent of such person over whom the Office of State Ethics may exercise personal jurisdiction, as provided in subsection (a) of this section, who does not otherwise have a registered agent in this state for service of process, shall be deemed to have appointed the Secretary of the State as the person's or agent's attorney and to have agreed that any process in any complaint, investigation or other matter conducted pursuant to section 1-82 or 1-82a , concerning an alleged violation of section 1-101nn and brought against the nonresident person, or such person's agent, may be served upon the Secretary of the State and shall have the same validity as if served upon such nonresident person or agent personally. The process shall be served upon the Secretary of the State by the officer to whom the same is directed by leaving with or at the office of the Secretary of the State, at least twelve days before any required appearance day of such process, a true and attested copy of such process, and by sending to the nonresident person or agent so served, at the person's or agent's last-known address, by registered or certified mail, postage prepaid, return receipt requested, a like and attested copy with an endorsement thereon of the service upon the Secretary of the State. The Secretary of the State shall keep a record of each such process and the day and hour of service.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-1j — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 1 / Section 1-1j
Sec. 1-1j. Methods of payment for licenses, fees, costs or fines.
Status: in_force

(b) Except as provided by any other provision of the general statutes, the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management may authorize any state agency to accept payment of any fee, cost or fine payable to such agency by means of a credit card, charge card or debit card or an electronic payment service, provided each state agency that accepts payment by means of a credit card, charge card or debit card shall charge the payor using such card a service fee, except that such service fee may be waived by such state agency for a category of fee, cost or fine, if such waiver has been approved by said secretary.

(c) (1) Any service fee imposed pursuant to subsection (b) of this section shall (A) be for the purpose of defraying the cost of service, (B) not exceed any charge by the credit card, charge card or debit card issuer or processor, including any discount rate, and (C) be applied only when allowed by the operating rules and regulations of the credit card, charge card or debit card issuer or processor involved or when authorized in writing by such issuer or processor.

(2) Each state agency that charges a service fee pursuant to this section or any other provision of the general statutes shall disclose such service fee to a payor prior to the imposition of such service fee. Such disclosure shall be made in accordance with any requirements for disclosure set forth by the card issuer or processor.

(d) Payments by credit card, charge card, debit card or an electronic payment service shall be made at such times and under such conditions as the secretary may prescribe in regulations adopted in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54.

(e) Payment of a fee, cost or fine, and any applicable service fee, by credit card, charge card, debit card or an electronic payment service shall constitute full payment of such fee, cost, fine or service fee, regardless of any discount applied by a credit card company.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-301 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 15a / Section 1-301
Sec. 1-301. Governmental Accountability Commission. Executive administrator.
Status: in_force

(2) The commission established under subdivision (1) of this subsection shall not be construed to be a board or commission within the meaning of section 4-9a .

(b) (1) Notwithstanding the provisions of subdivisions (2) and (3) of this subsection concerning deadlines for recommendations for and appointment of an executive administrator of the Office of Governmental Accountability, not later than September 1, 2011, the Governor, with the approval of the General Assembly pursuant to subdivision (3) of this subsection, shall appoint a person as the executive administrator of the Office of Governmental Accountability established under section 1-300 . Such person shall be qualified by training and experience to perform the administrative duties of the office. The initial appointment shall be made from a list prepared by the Governmental Accountability Commission pursuant to subdivision (2) of this subsection, except in the case of such initial appointment, such list shall be of not fewer than three persons. Not later than August 1, 2011, the commission shall submit such list to the Governor. If the Governmental Accountability Commission has not submitted such list to the Governor on or before August 1, 2011, then on or after August 2, 2011, the Governor shall appoint an acting executive administrator who shall serve until a successor is appointed and confirmed in accordance with the provisions of this section.

(2) Upon any vacancy in the position of executive administrator of the Office of Governmental Accountability, the commission shall meet to consider and interview successor candidates and shall submit to the Governor a list of not fewer than five and not more than seven of the most outstanding candidates, not later than sixty days after the occurrence of said vacancy. Such list shall rank the candidates in the order of commission preference. Upon receipt of the list of candidates from the commission, the Governor shall designate a candidate for the executive administrator of the Office of Governmental Accountability from among the choices not later than eight weeks after receiving such list. If at any time any candidate withdraws from consideration prior to confirmation by the General Assembly pursuant to subdivision (3) of this subsection, the Governor shall designate a candidate from the remaining candidates on the list.

(3) The candidate designated by the Governor, or if, not later than eight weeks after receiving such list, the Governor fails to designate a candidate on the list, the candidate ranked first on the list, shall be referred to either house of the General Assembly for confirmation. If such house of the General Assembly is not in session, the referred candidate shall serve as acting executive administrator and be entitled to the compensation and shall carry out the duties of the executive administrator until such house meets to take action on said appointment. The person appointed executive administrator shall serve for a term of four years and may be reappointed or shall continue to hold office until such person's successor is appointed and qualified. The Governmental Accountability Commission may terminate the term of an executive administrator in accordance with the provisions of this section.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-351d — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 15c / Section 1-351d
Sec. 1-351d. General authority with respect to tangible personal property.
Status: in_force

(1) Demand, buy, receive, accept as a gift or as security for an extension of credit or otherwise acquire or reject ownership or possession of tangible personal property or an interest in tangible personal property;

(2) Sell; exchange; convey with or without covenants, representations, or warranties; quitclaim; release; surrender; create a security interest in; grant options concerning; lease; sublease; or otherwise dispose of tangible personal property or an interest in tangible personal property;

(3) Grant a security interest in tangible personal property or an interest in tangible personal property as security to borrow money or pay, renew or extend the time of payment of a debt of the principal or a debt guaranteed by the principal;

(4) Release, assign, satisfy or enforce by litigation or otherwise, a security interest, lien or other claim on behalf of the principal, with respect to tangible personal property or an interest in tangible personal property;

(5) Manage or conserve tangible personal property or an interest in tangible personal property on behalf of the principal, including:

(A) Insuring against liability or casualty or other loss;

(B) Obtaining or regaining possession of or protecting the property or interest, by litigation or otherwise;

(C) Paying, assessing, compromising or contesting taxes or assessments or applying for and receiving refunds in connection with such taxes or assessments;

(D) Moving the property from place to place;

(E) Storing the property for hire or on a gratuitous bailment; and

(F) Using and making repairs, alterations or improvements to the property; and

(6) Change the form of title of an interest in tangible personal property.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-79 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 10 / Section 1-79
Sec. 1-79. Definitions.
Status: in_force

(1) “Blind trust” means a trust established by a public official or state employee or member of his or her immediate family for the purpose of divestiture of all control and knowledge of assets.

(2) “Business with which he is associated” means any sole proprietorship, partnership, firm, corporation, trust or other entity through which business for profit or not for profit is conducted in which the public official or state employee or member of his or her immediate family is a director, officer, owner, limited or general partner, beneficiary of a trust or holder of stock constituting five per cent or more of the total outstanding stock of any class, provided, a public official or state employee, or member of his or her immediate family, shall not be deemed to be associated with a not for profit entity solely by virtue of the fact that the public official or state employee or member of his or her immediate family is an unpaid director or officer of the not for profit entity. “Officer” refers only to the president, executive or senior vice president or treasurer of such business.

(3) “Candidate for public office” means any individual who has filed a declaration of candidacy or a petition to appear on the ballot for election as a public official, or who has raised or expended money in furtherance of such candidacy, or who has been nominated for appointment to serve as a public official, but does not include a candidate for the office of senator or representative in Congress.

(4) “Board” means the Citizen's Ethics Advisory Board established in section 1-80 .

(5) “Gift” means anything of value, which is directly and personally received, unless consideration of equal or greater value is given in return. “Gift” does not include:

(A) A political contribution otherwise reported as required by law or a donation or payment as described in subdivision (9) or (10) of subsection (b) of section 9-601a ;

(B) Services provided by persons volunteering their time, if provided to aid or promote the success or defeat of any political party, any candidate or candidates for public office or the position of convention delegate or town committee member or any referendum question;

(C) A commercially reasonable loan made on terms not more favorable than loans made in the ordinary course of business;

(D) A gift received from (i) an individual's spouse, fiancé or fiancée, (ii) the parent, grandparent, brother or sister of such spouse or such individual, or (iii) the child of such individual or the spouse of such child;

(E) Goods or services (i) that are provided to a state agency or quasi-public agency (I) for use on state or quasi-public agency property, or (II) that support an event or the participation by a public official or state employee at an event, and (ii) that facilitate state or quasi-public agency action or functions. As used in this subparagraph, “state property” means property owned by the state or a quasi-public agency or property leased to a state agency or quasi-public agency;

(F) A certificate, plaque or other ceremonial award costing less than one hundred dollars;

(G) A rebate, discount or promotional item available to the general public;

(H) Printed or recorded informational material germane to state action or functions;

(I) Food or beverage or both, costing less than fifty dollars in the aggregate per recipient in a calendar year, and consumed on an occasion or occasions at which the person paying, directly or indirectly, for the food or beverage, or his representative, is in attendance;

(J) Food or beverage or both, costing less than fifty dollars per person and consumed at a publicly noticed legislative reception to which all members of the General Assembly are invited and which is hosted not more than once in any calendar year by a lobbyist or business organization. For the purposes of such limit, (i) a reception hosted by a lobbyist who is an individual shall be deemed to have also been hosted by the business organization which such lobbyist owns or is employed by, and (ii) a reception hosted by a business organization shall be deemed to have also been hosted by all owners and employees of the business organization who are lobbyists. In making the calculation for the purposes of such fifty-dollar limit, the donor shall divide the amount spent on food and beverage by the number of persons whom the donor reasonably expects to attend the reception;

(K) Food or beverage or both, costing less than fifty dollars per person and consumed at a publicly noticed reception to which all members of the General Assembly from a region of the state are invited and which is hosted not more than once in any calendar year by a lobbyist or business organization. For the purposes of such limit, (i) a reception hosted by a lobbyist who is an individual shall be deemed to have also been hosted by the business organization which such lobbyist owns or is employed by, and (ii) a reception hosted by a business organization shall be deemed to have also been hosted by all owners and employees of the business organization who are lobbyists. In making the calculation for the purposes of such fifty-dollar limit, the donor shall divide the amount spent on food and beverage by the number of persons whom the donor reasonably expects to attend the reception. As used in this subparagraph, “region of the state” means the established geographic service area of the organization hosting the reception;

(L) A gift, including, but not limited to, food or beverage or both, provided by an individual for the celebration of a major life event, provided any such gift provided by an individual who is not a member of the family of the recipient does not exceed one thousand dollars in value;

(M) Gifts costing less than one hundred dollars in the aggregate or food or beverage provided at a hospitality suite at a meeting or conference of an interstate legislative association, by a person who is not a registrant or is not doing business with the state of Connecticut;

(N) Admission to a charitable or civic event, including food and beverage provided at such event, but excluding lodging or travel expenses, at which a public official or state employee participates in his or her official capacity, provided such admission is provided by the primary sponsoring entity;

(O) Anything of value provided by an employer of (i) a public official, (ii) a state employee, or (iii) a spouse of a public official or state employee, to such official, employee or spouse, provided such benefits are customarily and ordinarily provided to others in similar circumstances;

(P) Anything having a value of not more than ten dollars, provided the aggregate value of all things provided by a donor to a recipient under this subdivision in any calendar year does not exceed fifty dollars;

(Q) Training that is provided by a vendor for a product purchased by a state or quasi-public agency that is offered to all customers of such vendor;

(R) Travel expenses, lodging, food, beverage and other benefits customarily provided by a prospective employer, when provided to a student at a public institution of higher education whose employment is derived from such student's status as a student at such institution, in connection with bona fide employment discussions;

(S) Expenses of a public official, paid by the party committee of which party such official is a member, for the purpose of accomplishing the lawful purposes of the committee. As used in this subparagraph, “party committee” has the same meaning as provided in subdivision (2) of section 9-601 and “lawful purposes of the committee” has the same meaning as provided in subsection (g) of section 9-607 ; or

(T) Travel expenses, lodging, food, beverage and other benefits customarily provided in the course of employment, when provided to a public member of the Investment Advisory Council established under section 3-13b .

(6) “Immediate family” means any spouse, children or dependent relatives who reside in the individual's household.

(7) “Individual” means a natural person.

(8) “Member of an advisory board” means any individual (A) appointed by a public official as an advisor or consultant or member of a committee, commission or council established to advise, recommend or consult with a public official or branch of government or committee thereof, (B) who receives no public funds other than per diem payments or reimbursement for his or her actual and necessary expenses incurred in the performance of his or her official duties, and (C) who has no authority to expend any public funds or to exercise the power of the state.

(9) “Person” means an individual, sole proprietorship, trust, corporation, limited liability company, union, association, firm, partnership, committee, club or other organization or group of persons.

(10) “Political contribution” has the same meaning as in section 9-601a except that for purposes of this part, the provisions of subsection (b) of said section shall not apply.

(11) “Public official” means any state-wide elected officer or officer-elect, any member or member-elect of the General Assembly, any person appointed to any office of the legislative, judicial or executive branch of state government by the Governor or an appointee of the Governor, with or without the advice and consent of the General Assembly, any public member or representative of the teachers' unions or state employees' unions appointed to the Investment Advisory Council pursuant to subsection (a) of section 3-13b , any person appointed or elected by the General Assembly or by any member of either house thereof, any member or director of a quasi-public agency and the spouse of the Governor, but does not include a member of an advisory board, a judge of any court either elected or appointed or a senator or representative in Congress.

(12) “Quasi-public agency” has the same meaning as provided in section 1-120 .

(13) “State employee” means any employee in the executive, legislative or judicial branch of state government, whether in the classified or unclassified service and whether full or part-time, and any employee of a quasi-public agency, but does not include a judge of any court, either elected or appointed.

(14) “Trust” means a trust in which any public official or state employee or member of his immediate family has a present or future interest which exceeds ten per cent of the value of the trust or exceeds fifty thousand dollars, whichever is less, but does not include blind trusts.

(15) “Business organization” means a sole proprietorship, corporation, limited liability company, association, firm or partnership, other than a client lobbyist, that is owned by, or employs, one or more individual lobbyists.

(16) “Client lobbyist” means a lobbyist on behalf of whom lobbying takes place and who makes expenditures for lobbying and in furtherance of lobbying.

(17) “Necessary expenses” means a public official's or state employee's expenses for an article, appearance or speech or for participation at an event, in his official capacity, which shall be limited to necessary travel expenses, lodging for the nights before, of and after the appearance, speech or event, meals and any related conference or seminar registration fees.

(18) “Lobbyist” and “registrant” shall be construed as defined in section 1-91 .

(19) “Legal defense fund” means a fund established for the payment of legal expenses of a public official or state employee incurred as a result of defending himself or herself in an administrative, civil, criminal or constitutional proceeding concerning matters related to the official's or employee's service or employment with the state or a quasi-public agency.

(20) “State agency” means any office, department, board, council, commission, institution, constituent unit of the state system of higher education, technical education and career school or other agency in the executive, legislative or judicial branch of state government.

(21) “Confidential information” means any information in the possession of the state, a state employee or a public official, whatever its form, which (A) is required not to be disclosed to the general public under any provision of the general statutes or federal law; or (B) falls within a category of permissibly nondisclosable information under the Freedom of Information Act, as defined in section 1-200 , and which the appropriate agency, state employee or public official has decided not to disclose to the general public.

(22) “Dependent child” means a qualifying child, as defined in 26 USC 152, as amended from time to time, who is the son, daughter, stepson or stepdaughter of the filing individual.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-350p — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 15c / Section 1-350p
Sec. 1-350p. Agent's liability.
Status: in_force

(1) Restore the value of the principal's property to what it would have been had the violation not occurred; and

(2) Reimburse the principal or the principal's successors in interest for the reasonable attorney's fees and costs paid on the agent's behalf.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-364 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 15c / Section 1-364
Sec. 1-364. Reliance on substitute decision-making document.
Status: in_force

(b) A person who is asked to accept a substitute decision-making document may request and without further investigation rely on:

(1) The decision maker's assertion of a fact concerning the individual for whom a decision will be made, the decision maker or the document;

(2) A translation of the document if the document contains, in whole or in part, a language other than English; and

(3) An opinion of counsel regarding any matter of law concerning the document if the person provides in a record the reason for the request.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-80 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 10 / Section 1-80
Sec. 1-80. Office of State Ethics. Citizen's Ethics Advisory Board. Members; appointment; qualifications; vacancies; compensation; restrictions. Hearings.
Status: in_force

(b) All members shall be electors of the state. No member shall be a state employee. No member or employee of said board shall (1) hold or campaign for any public office; (2) have held public office or have been a candidate for public office for a three-year period prior to appointment; (3) hold office in any political party or political committee or be a member of any organization or association organized primarily for the purpose of influencing legislation or decisions of public agencies; or (4) be an individual who is a registrant as defined in subdivision (17) of section 1-91 . For purposes of this subsection, “public office” does not include the offices of justice of the peace or notary public.

(c) Any vacancy on the board shall be filled by the appointing authority having the power to make the original appointment within thirty days.

(d) The board shall elect a chairperson who shall, except as provided in subsection (b) of section 1-82 and subsection (b) of section 1-93 , preside at meetings of the board and a vice-chairperson to preside in the absence of the chairperson. Six members of the board shall constitute a quorum. Except as provided in subdivision (3) of subsection (a) of section 1-81 , subsections (a) and (b) of section 1-82 , subsection (b) of section 1-88 , subsection (e) of section 1-92 , subsections (a) and (b) of section 1-93 and subsection (b) of section 1-99 , a majority vote of the members shall be required for action of the board. The chairperson or any three members may call a meeting.

(e) Any matter before the board, except hearings held pursuant to the provisions of subsection (b) of section 1-82 or subsection (b) of section 1-93 , may be assigned by the board to two of its members to conduct an investigation or hearing, as the case may be, to ascertain the facts and report thereon to the board with a recommendation for action. Any hearing held pursuant to this subsection shall be held in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54.

(f) Members of the board shall be compensated at the rate of two hundred dollars per day for each day they attend a meeting or hearing and shall receive reimbursement for their necessary expenses incurred in the discharge of their official duties.

(g) The board shall not be construed to be a board or commission within the meaning of section 4-9a .

(h) The members and employees of the Citizen's Ethics Advisory Board and the Office of State Ethics shall adhere to the following code of ethics under which the members and employees shall: (1) Observe high standards of conduct so that the integrity and independence of the Citizen's Ethics Advisory Board and the Office of State Ethics may be preserved; (2) respect and comply with the law and conduct themselves at all times in a manner which promotes public confidence in the integrity and impartiality of the board and the Office of State Ethics; (3) be faithful to the law and maintain professional competence in the law; (4) be unswayed by partisan interests, public clamor or fear of criticism; (5) maintain order and decorum in proceedings of the board and Office of State Ethics; (6) be patient, dignified and courteous to all persons who appear in board or Office of State Ethics proceedings and with other persons with whom the members and employees deal in their official capacities; (7) refrain from making any statement outside of a board or Office of State Ethics proceeding, which would have a likelihood of prejudicing a board or Office of State Ethics proceeding; (8) refrain from making any statement outside of a board or Office of State Ethics proceeding that a reasonable person would expect to be disseminated by means of public communication if the member or employee should know that such statement would have a likelihood of materially prejudicing or embarrassing a complainant or a respondent; (9) preserve confidences of complainants and respondents; (10) exercise independent professional judgment on behalf of the board and Office of State Ethics; and (11) represent the board and Office of State Ethics competently.

(i) No member or employee of the board or Office of State Ethics may make a contribution, as defined in section 9-601a , to any state employee, public official, candidate for state-wide office or candidate for the office of representative or senator in the General Assembly.

(j) Members of the board shall recuse themselves from participating in any proceeding or matter undertaken pursuant to this chapter that involves the person who appointed such member to the board.

(k) No former member of the board may represent any business or person, other than himself or herself, before the board for a period of one year following the end of such former member's service on the board. No business or person that appears before the board shall employ or otherwise engage the services of a former member of the board for a period of one year following the end of such former member's service on the board.

(l) No member of the board may hold any other position in state employment for a period of one year following the end of such member's service on the board, including, but not limited to, service as a member on a state board or commission, service as a judge of the Superior Court or service as a state agency commissioner. The provisions of this subsection shall not be construed to prohibit any former board member from holding a volunteer or unpaid position in state service within one year of the end of his or her service on the board.

(m) Upon request of any aggrieved party, the board may delay the effect of any decision rendered by the board for a period not to exceed seven days following the rendering of such decision.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-229 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 14 / Section 1-229
Sec. 1-229. (Formerly Sec. 1-21e). Continued hearings. Notice.
Status: in_force

Annotations to former section 1-21e:

Cited. 174 C. 308; 181 C. 324; 184 C. 102; 190 C. 235; 192 C. 310; 204 C. 609; 205 C. 767; 206 C. 449; 207 C. 698; 208 C. 442; 209 C. 204; 210 C. 590; Id., 646; 212 C. 100; 213 C. 126; Id., 216; 214 C. 312; 216 C. 253; 217 C. 153; Id., 193; 218 C. 256; Id., 757; 220 C. 225; 221 C. 217; Id., 300; Id., 393; Id., 482; Id., 549; 222 C. 621; 228 C. 158; Id., 271.

Cited. 2 CA 600; 4 CA 468; 14 CA 380; judgment reversed, see 210 C. 646; 16 CA 49; 19 CA 352; Id., 539; 20 CA 671; 22 CA 316; 29 CA 821; 35 CA 111; 37 CA 589; 42 CA 402; 43 CA 133.

Cited. 41 CS 31; Id., 267; 42 CS 84; Id., 129; Id., 291.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-201 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 14 / Section 1-201
Sec. 1-201. (Formerly Sec. 1-19c). Division of Criminal Justice deemed not to be public agency, when.
Status: in_force

Annotations to former section 1-19c:

Cited. 206 C. 449; 217 C. 153; Id., 193; 218 C. 256; Id., 757; 220 C. 225; 221 C. 217; Id., 300; Id., 393; Id., 482; Id., 549; 222 C. 621; 227 C. 641; 228 C. 158; Id., 271.

Cited. 22 CA 316; 29 CA 821; 35 CA 111; 37 CA 589; 42 CA 402; 43 CA 133.

Cited. 42 CS 84; Id., 129; Id., 291.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-95 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 10 / Section 1-95
Sec. 1-95. Registration procedure. Fees.
Status: in_force

(1) If the registrant is an individual, the registrant's name, permanent address and temporary address while lobbying and the name, address and nature of business of any person who compensates or reimburses, or agrees to compensate or reimburse the registrant and the terms of the compensation, reimbursement or agreement, but shall not include the compensation paid to an employee for his involvement in activities other than lobbying;

(2) If the registrant is a corporation, the name, address, place of incorporation and the principal place of business of the corporation;

(3) If the registrant is an association, group of persons or an organization, the name and address of the principal officers and directors of such association, group of persons or organization. If the registrant is formed primarily for the purpose of lobbying, it shall disclose the name and address of any person contributing three thousand dollars or more to the registrant's lobbying activities in any calendar year;

(4) If the registrant is not an individual, the name and address of each individual who will lobby on the registrant's behalf; and

(5) The identification, with reasonable particularity, of areas of legislative or administrative action on which the registrant expects to lobby, including the names of executive agencies and quasi-public agencies and, where applicable, solicitations for state contracts and procurements.

(b) Each registrant shall pay a reasonable fee not in excess of the cost of administering the registration form provided for in subsection (a) of this section plus the cost of collecting, filing, copying and distributing the information filed by registrants under section 1-96 , but not less than twenty-five dollars. A registrant who commences lobbying in an even-numbered year shall file with the Office of State Ethics, on or before January fifteenth of such even-numbered year or prior to the commencement of lobbying, whichever is later, a registration form signed under penalty of false statement and shall pay one-half of the biennial registration fee established by the board.

(c) Each registrant shall file a notice of termination within thirty days after he ceases the activity that required his registration, provided the registrant does not intend to resume the activity during the biennial period for which he is registered; but termination shall not relieve him of the reporting requirements of section 1-96 for the period preceding the date his notice of termination is received by the Office of State Ethics or for the period commencing on such date and ending on December thirty-first of the year in which termination occurs.

(d) In addition to the requirements of subsections (a) to (c), inclusive, of this section, the registration of a: (1) Client lobbyist, as defined in section 1-91 , shall include: (A) The name of such company or association, (B) the nature of such company or association, (C) the primary business address of such company or association, (D) the name of the individual responsible for oversight of such client lobbyist's lobbying activities, (E) the job title of such individual and any applicable contact information for such individual, including, but not limited to, phone number, facsimile number, electronic mail address and business mailing address, and (F) the name, job title and applicable contact information of any individual designated by the client lobbyist as an authorized filer, including, but not limited to, phone number, facsimile number, electronic mail address and business mailing address, provided such individual is different from the individual listed in subparagraph (D) of this subdivision; and (2) communicator lobbyist, as defined in section 1-91 , shall include the name of the person with whom such communicator lobbyist has primary contact for each client of such communicator lobbyist and any applicable contact information for such person, including, but not limited to, phone number, facsimile number, electronic mail address and business mailing address.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-202 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 14 / Section 1-202
Sec. 1-202. (Formerly Sec. 1-20e). Application of freedom of information provisions to agency committee composed entirely of individuals who are not members of the agency.
Status: in_force

Annotation to former section 1-20e:

Cited. 37 CA 589; 42 CA 402; 43 CA 133.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-101qq — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 10 / Section 1-101qq
Sec. 1-101qq. State ethics law summary provided to persons seeking large state construction or procurement contract. Representation of agreement to comply in contract. Summary and representation re subcontractors and consultants. Failure to include representations. Incorporation of summary in contract terms.
Status: in_force

(b) Except as provided in section 10a-151h , prior to entering into a contract with any subcontractors or consultants, each large state construction or procurement contractor shall provide the summary of state ethics laws described in subsection (a) of this section to all subcontractors and consultants. Each contract entered into with a subcontractor or consultant on or after July 1, 2021, shall include a representation that each subcontractor or consultant and the key employees of such subcontractor or consultant have read and understood the summary and agree to comply with the provisions of state ethics law. Failure to include such representations in such contracts with subcontractors or consultants shall be cause for termination of the large state construction or procurement contract.

(c) Each contract with a contractor, subcontractor or consultant described in subsection (a) or (b) of this section shall incorporate such summary by reference as a part of the contract terms.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-1t — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 1 / Section 1-1t
Sec. 1-1t. Method of payment of fees and delivery of correspondence or communications to agency or quasi-public agency. Advertisement of legal notices.
Status: in_force

(b) Notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes or public or special act, but subject to the provisions of chapter 15, any correspondence or communication required to be delivered to an agency or quasi-public agency by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, may be delivered by electronic means with proof of a delivery receipt, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 15.

(c) Notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes or public or special act, but subject to the provisions of chapter 15, any correspondence or communication required to be delivered to an agency or quasi-public agency by United States mail or facsimile may be delivered by electronic means, provided such agency or quasi-public agency has determined such electronic delivery is appropriate for such correspondence or communication.

(d) Notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes or public or special act, but subject to the provisions of chapter 15, any requirement that an agency or quasi-public agency insert an advertisement of a legal notice in a newspaper shall include posting such notice on the agency's or quasi-public agency's Internet web site or other electronic portal of the agency which is available to the general public.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-56r — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 7c / Section 1-56r
Sec. 1-56r. Designation of person for decision-making and certain rights and obligations.
Status: in_force

(b) Such document shall be signed, dated and acknowledged by the maker before a notary public or other person authorized to take acknowledgments, and be witnessed by at least two persons. Such document may be revoked at any time by the maker, or by a person in the maker's presence and at the maker's direction, burning, canceling, tearing or obliterating such document or by the execution of a subsequent document by the maker in accordance with subsection (a) of this section.

(c) Any person who is presented with a document executed in accordance with this section shall honor and give effect to such document for the purposes indicated in such document.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-271 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 15 / Section 1-271
Sec. 1-271. Construction and application.
Status: in_force

(1) To facilitate electronic transactions consistent with other applicable law;

(2) To be consistent with reasonable practices concerning electronic transactions and with the continued expansion of such practices; and

(3) To effectuate their general purpose to make uniform the law with respect to the subject of sections 1-266 to 1-286 , inclusive, among states enacting such law.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-62 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 8 / Section 1-62
Sec. 1-62. Statutory short forms of acknowledgment.
Status: in_force

(1) For an individual acting in his own right:

State of ....

County of ....

The foregoing instrument was acknowledged before me this (date) by (name of person acknowledged).

(Signature of person taking acknowledgment)

(Title or rank)

(Serial number, if any)

(2) For a corporation:

State of ....

County of ....

The foregoing instrument was acknowledged before me this (date) by (name of officer or agent, title of officer or agent) of (name of corporation acknowledging) a (state or place of incorporation) corporation, on behalf of the corporation.

(Signature of person taking acknowledgment)

(Title or rank)

(Serial number, if any)

(3) For a partnership:

State of ....

County of ....

The foregoing instrument was acknowledged before me this (date) by (name of acknowledging partner or agent), partner (or agent) on behalf of (name of partnership), a partnership.

(Signature of person taking acknowledgment)

(Title or rank)

(Serial number, if any)

(4) For an individual acting as principal by an attorney in fact:

State of ....

County of ....

The foregoing instrument was acknowledged before me this (date) by (name of attorney in fact) as attorney in fact on behalf of (name of principal).

(Signature of person taking acknowledgment)

(Title or rank)

(Serial number, if any)

(5) By any public officer, trustee, or personal representative:

State of ....

County of ....

The foregoing instrument was acknowledged before me this (date) by (name and title of position).

(Signature of person taking acknowledgment)

(Title or rank)

(Serial number, if any)

(6) For a limited liability company:

State of ....

County of ....

The foregoing instrument was acknowledged before me this (date) by (name and capacity of acknowledging member or manager) on behalf of (name of limited liability company) a (member managed or manager managed) (state of organization) limited liability company, on behalf of the company.

(Signature of person taking acknowledgment)

(Title or rank)

(Serial number, if any)

(7) For a registered limited liability partnership:

State of ....

County of ....

The foregoing instrument was acknowledged before me this (date) by (name of acknowledging partner), partner (or agent) on behalf of (name of registered limited liability partnership) a (state or place of filing of certificate of registered limited liability partnership) registered limited liability partnership, on behalf of the registered limited liability partnership.

(Signature of person taking acknowledgment)

(Title or rank)

(Serial number, if any)
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-4 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 2 / Section 1-4
Sec. 1-4. Days designated as legal holidays.
Status: in_force

Celebration of Independence Day by a city as authorized by its charter held to be performance of governmental duty. 91 C. 80. When last day for filing notice of appeal falls on a holiday, notice filed on following day is in season. Id., 385. Likewise when last day for giving notice of injury under Sec. 13a-149 (formerly Sec. 13-11) is a holiday. 131 C. 396. Cited. 183 C. 552.

Cited. 10 CS 205.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-1g — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 1 / Section 1-1g
Sec. 1-1g. “Intellectual disability” defined.
Status: in_force

(b) As used in subsection (a) of this section, “significant limitation in intellectual functioning” means an intelligence quotient more than two standard deviations below the mean as measured by tests of general intellectual functioning that are individualized, standardized and clinically and culturally appropriate to the individual; and “adaptive behavior” means the effectiveness or degree with which an individual meets the standards of personal independence and social responsibility expected for the individual's age and cultural group as measured by tests that are individualized, standardized and clinically and culturally appropriate to the individual.

Interpreting section to allow consideration of all intelligence tests that meet the statutory criteria best furthers legislature's intent to clarify and narrow definition of mental retardation to ensure that persons with borderline normal intelligence are not classified as mentally retarded, to prevent inappropriate commitment of such persons to mental retardation facilities and to assure that limited administrative resources are devoted to those most in need. 277 C. 594.

Christopher R. v. Commissioner of Mental Retardation , 277 C. 594, remains good law after 2012 amendment to section and controls the meaning of section, and 2012 amendment does not preclude the commissioner from considering more than one intelligence test. 208 CA 423.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-225 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 14 / Section 1-225
Sec. 1-225. (Formerly Sec. 1-21). Meetings of government agencies to be public. Recording of votes. Schedule and agenda of certain meetings to be filed and posted on web sites. Notice of special meetings. Executive sessions.
Status: in_force

(b) Each such public agency of the state shall file not later than January thirty-first of each year in the office of the Secretary of the State the schedule of the regular meetings of such public agency for the ensuing year and shall post such schedule on such public agency's Internet web site, if available, and the Secretary of the State's Internet web site, except that such requirements shall not apply to the General Assembly, either house thereof or to any committee thereof. Any other provision of the Freedom of Information Act notwithstanding, the General Assembly at the commencement of each regular session in the odd-numbered years, shall adopt, as part of its joint rules, rules to provide notice to the public of its regular, special, emergency or interim committee meetings. The chairperson or secretary of any such public agency of any political subdivision of the state shall file, not later than January thirty-first of each year, with the clerk of such subdivision the schedule of regular meetings of such public agency for the ensuing year, and no such meeting of any such public agency shall be held sooner than thirty days after such schedule has been filed. The chief executive officer of any multitown district or agency shall file, not later than January thirty-first of each year, with the clerk of each municipal member of such district or agency, the schedule of regular meetings of such public agency for the ensuing year, and no such meeting of any such public agency shall be held sooner than thirty days after such schedule has been filed.

(c) The agenda of the regular meetings of every public agency, except for the General Assembly, shall be available to the public and shall be filed, not less than twenty-four hours before the meetings to which they refer, (1) in such agency's regular office or place of business, and (2) in the office of the Secretary of the State for any such public agency of the state, in the office of the clerk of such subdivision for any public agency of a political subdivision of the state or in the office of the clerk of each municipal member of any multitown district or agency. For any such public agency of the state, such agenda shall be posted on the public agency's and the Secretary of the State's Internet web sites. Upon the affirmative vote of two-thirds of the members of a public agency present and voting, any subsequent business not included in such filed agendas may be considered and acted upon at such meetings.

(d) Notice of each special meeting of every public agency, except for the General Assembly, either house thereof or any committee thereof, shall be posted not less than twenty-four hours before the meeting to which such notice refers on the public agency's Internet web site, if available, and given not less than twenty-four hours prior to the time of such meeting by filing a notice of the time and place thereof in the office of the Secretary of the State for any such public agency of the state, in the office of the clerk of such subdivision for any public agency of a political subdivision of the state and in the office of the clerk of each municipal member for any multitown district or agency. The secretary or clerk shall cause any notice received under this section to be posted in his or her office, and in the case of a notice of a public agency of the state filed with the secretary, on the Secretary of the State's Internet web site. Such notice shall be given not less than twenty-four hours prior to the time of the special meeting; provided, in case of emergency, except for the General Assembly, either house thereof or any committee thereof, any such special meeting may be held without complying with the foregoing requirement for the filing of notice but a copy of the minutes of every such emergency special meeting adequately setting forth the nature of the emergency and the proceedings occurring at such meeting shall be filed with the Secretary of the State, the clerk of such political subdivision, or the clerk of each municipal member of such multitown district or agency, as the case may be, not later than seventy-two hours following the holding of such meeting. The notice shall specify the time and place of the special meeting and the business to be transacted. No other business shall be considered at such meetings by such public agency. In addition, such written notice shall be delivered to the usual place of abode of each member of the public agency so that the same is received prior to such special meeting. The requirement of delivery of such written notice may be dispensed with as to any member who at or prior to the time the meeting convenes files with the clerk or secretary of the public agency a written waiver of delivery of such notice. Such waiver may be given by telegram. The requirement of delivery of such written notice may also be dispensed with as to any member who is actually present at the meeting at the time it convenes. Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit any agency from adopting more stringent notice requirements.

(e) No member of the public shall be required, as a condition to attendance at a meeting of any such body, to register the member's name, or furnish other information, or complete a questionnaire or otherwise fulfill any condition precedent to the member's attendance.

(f) A public agency may hold an executive session, as defined in subdivision (6) of section 1-200 , upon an affirmative vote of two-thirds of the members of such body present and voting, taken at a public meeting and stating the reasons for such executive session, as defined in section 1-200 .

(g) In determining the time within which or by when a notice, agenda, record of votes or minutes of a special meeting or an emergency special meeting are required to be filed under this section, Saturdays, Sundays, legal holidays and any day on which the office of the agency, the Secretary of the State or the clerk of the applicable political subdivision or the clerk of each municipal member of any multitown district or agency, as the case may be, is closed, shall be excluded.

See Secs. 1-227 to 1-231, inclusive, for requirements applicable with respect to public meetings, hearings and executive sessions of public agencies.

Annotations to former section 1-21:

Where statute requires vote of each board member be recorded, absence of record of dissenting vote indicated affirmative vote. 148 C. 622. Cited. 170 C. 588; 174 C. 308; 181 C. 324; 182 C. 138; Id., 142; 184 C. 102; 190 C. 235; 192 C. 183; Id., 234; Id., 310; 198 C. 498; 204 C. 609; 205 C. 767; 206 C. 449; 207 C. 698; 208 C. 442; 209 C. 204; 210 C. 590; Id., 646; 212 C. 100; 213 C. 126; Id., 216; 214 C. 312; 216 C. 253; 217 C. 153; Id., 193; 218 C. 256; Id., 757; 219 C. 685; 220 C. 225; 221 C. 217; Id., 300; Id., 393; Id., 482; Id., 549; 222 C. 621; 228 C. 158; Id., 271; 234 C. 704; 240 C. 835. Notice under Freedom of Information Act was adequate for a site inspection under the Inland Wetlands Act. 243 C. 266.

Cited. 2 CA 600; 4 CA 216; Id., 468; 14 CA 380; judgment reversed, see 210 C. 646; 16 CA 49; 19 CA 352; Id., 539; 20 CA 671; 22 CA 316; 29 CA 821; 31 CA 690; 35 CA 111; 37 CA 589; 42 CA 402; Id., 700; judgment reversed, see 240 C. 835; 43 CA 133; Id., 227.

Plaintiff newspaper reporter as a member of the public has standing to challenge the closing of a town council meeting without required vote; provision of the Enfield charter that all meetings of the town council be open to the public must yield to state statutes; where council is exercising its administrative and executive powers, it may close its sessions. 31 CS 329. The commission's interpretation that an emergency meeting may be held only when there is no time for a special meeting notice to be posted 24 hours in advance was considered reasonable. 39 CS 56. Cited. 40 CS 233; 41 CS 31; Id., 267; 42 CS 84; Id., 129; Id., 291.

Presumed legislature, by insertion of exception clause in Sec. 1-19, intended to exclude from operation of “right to know” statutes exclusive power over admission to bar vested in Superior Court by Sec. 51-80. 4 Conn. Cir. Ct. 313.

Subsec. (a):

Cited. 213 C. 216; 217 C. 153; 218 C. 757; 221 C. 393; 230 C. 441.

Cited. 19 CA 352–354; Id., 539; 42 CA 402; 43 CA 133.

Annotations to present section:

Subsec. (a):

Section's open meeting requirements inapplicable to grievance arbitration proceedings. 244 C. 487.

Subsec. (c):

Plain language of Subsec. requires that new agenda item, not previously published, may be added to agenda only after an affirmative vote to add that item by two-thirds of the members present and voting. 66 CA 279.

Subsec. (d):

Exception to 24-hour prior notice requirement in case of emergency not unconstitutionally void for vagueness, and commission properly determined that circumstances at issue constituted an emergency; commission's long-standing interpretation that an emergency meeting may be held only when there is no time for a special meeting notice to be posted 24 hours in advance is reasonable and entitled to deference. 294 C. 438.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-350h — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 15c / Section 1-350h
Sec. 1-350h. When power of attorney effective.
Status: in_force

(b) If a power of attorney becomes effective upon the occurrence of a future event or contingency, the principal, in the power of attorney, may authorize one or more persons to determine in a writing or other record that the event or contingency has occurred.

(c) If a power of attorney becomes effective upon the principal's incapacity and the principal has not authorized a person to determine whether the principal is incapacitated, or the person authorized is unable or unwilling to make the determination, the power of attorney becomes effective upon a determination in a writing or other record by:

(1) Two independent physicians that the principal is incapacitated within the meaning set forth in subparagraph (A) of subdivision (5) of section 1-350a ; or

(2) A judge that the principal is incapacitated within the meaning set forth in subparagraph (B) of subdivision (5) of section 1-350a .

(d) A person authorized by the principal in the power of attorney to determine that the principal is incapacitated may act as the principal's personal representative pursuant to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, Sections 1171 to 1179, inclusive, of the Social Security Act, 42 USC 1320d, as amended from time to time, and applicable federal regulations, to obtain access to the principal's health care information and communicate with the principal's health care provider.

(e) If the principal, in the power of attorney, authorizes one or more persons to determine in a written affidavit that the event or contingency has occurred, as provided in subsection (b) of this section, then the written affidavit may be in substantially the following form:

AFFIDAVIT THAT POWER OF ATTORNEY IS IN FULL FORCE AND EFFECT
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-88 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 10 / Section 1-88
Sec. 1-88. Authority of board after finding violation. Prohibition against disclosure of information. Enforcement of civil penalties.
Status: in_force

(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a) of this section, the board may, after a hearing conducted in accordance with sections 4-176e to 4-184 , inclusive, upon the concurring vote of two-thirds of its members present and voting, impose a civil penalty not to exceed ten dollars per day upon any individual who fails to file any report, statement or other information as required by this part, section 1-101bb or section 1-101nn . Each distinct violation of this subsection shall be a separate offense and in case of a continued violation, each day thereof shall be deemed a separate offense. In no event shall the aggregate penalty imposed for such failure to file exceed ten thousand dollars.

(c) The board may also report its finding to the Chief State's Attorney for any action deemed necessary. The board, upon a finding made pursuant to section 1-82 that a member or member-elect of the General Assembly has violated any provision of this part, section 1-101bb or section 1-101nn , shall notify the appropriate house of the General Assembly, in writing, of such finding and the basis for such finding.

(d) Any person who knowingly acts in such person's financial interest in violation of section 1-84 , 1-85 , 1-86 , 1-86d , 1-86e or 1-101nn or any person who knowingly receives a financial advantage resulting from a violation of any of said sections shall be liable for damages in the amount of such advantage. If the board determines that any person may be so liable, it shall immediately inform the Attorney General of that possibility.

(e) Any employee of the Office of State Ethics or member of the Citizen's Ethics Advisory Board who, in violation of this part or section 1-101nn , discloses information filed in accordance with subparagraph (F) of subdivision (1) of subsection (b) of section 1-83 , shall be dismissed, if an employee, or removed from the board, if a member.

(f) Any civil penalty imposed by the board pursuant to this section may be enforced by the Office of State Ethics as a money judgment in accordance with chapter 906.

Cited. 229 C. 479.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-17a — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 3 / Section 1-17a
Sec. 1-17a. Photographs and computerized images of individuals. State agencies prohibited from disclosing without express consent of individuals. Exceptions.
Status: in_force

(1) “Disclose” means to engage in any practice or conduct to make available and make known, by any means of communication, information pertaining to an individual to any other individual, organization or entity;

(2) “Express consent” means an affirmative agreement given by the individual who is the subject of a photograph or computerized image that specifically grants permission to a state agency to release such photograph or image to the requesting party. Such agreement shall (A) be in writing or such other form as the state agency may determine in regulations adopted in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, and (B) specify a procedure for the individual to withdraw such consent, as provided in regulations adopted in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54; and

(3) “Requesting party” means a legitimate business or an agent, employee or contractor of a legitimate business.

(b) No state agency may disclose to the public an individual's photograph or computerized image in connection with the issuance of an identification card or other document by such state agency, unless such individual has provided his or her express consent for such disclosure. Such consent shall not be required for disclosure in connection with any civil, criminal, administrative or arbitral proceeding in any court or government agency or before any self-regulatory body, including the service of process, an investigation in anticipation of litigation, a law enforcement investigation, and the execution or enforcement of judgments and orders, pursuant to an order of any court provided the requesting party is a party in interest to such proceeding or pursuant to chapter 969. A requesting party that receives personal information under this section shall not redisclose such personal information, except to an agent, employee or contractor of the requesting party. Section 14-10 shall apply in lieu of the provisions of this section to photographs or images in connection with documents issued by the Department of Motor Vehicles.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-56a — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 7a / Section 1-56a
Sec. 1-56a. Definitions.
Status: in_force

(1) “Account” means any account at a financial institution which is in the name of one or more natural persons and into which deposits may be made;

(2) “Power of attorney account” means an account in the name of a natural person as principal and with respect to which one or more other natural persons have been designated as agents with the right to make deposits to and to withdraw funds from or draw checks on such account;

(3) “Financial institution” means any state bank and trust company, national banking association, state or federally chartered savings bank, state or federally chartered savings and loan association or state or federally chartered credit union.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-351g — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 15c / Section 1-351g
Sec. 1-351g. General authority with respect to banks and other financial institutions.
Status: in_force

(1) Continue, modify and terminate an account or other banking arrangement made by or on behalf of the principal;

(2) Establish, modify, and terminate an account or other banking arrangement with a bank, trust company, savings and loan association, credit union, thrift company, brokerage firm or other financial institution selected by the agent;

(3) Contract for services available from a financial institution, including renting a safe deposit box or space in a vault;

(4) Withdraw by: Check, order, electronic funds transfer or otherwise, money or property of the principal deposited with or left in the custody of a financial institution;

(5) Receive statements of account, vouchers, notices and similar documents from a financial institution and act with respect to them;

(6) Enter a safe deposit box or vault and withdraw or add to the contents;

(7) Borrow money and pledge as security personal property of the principal necessary to borrow money or pay, renew or extend the time of payment of a debt of the principal or a debt guaranteed by the principal;

(8) Make, assign, draw, endorse, discount, guarantee and negotiate promissory notes, checks, drafts and other negotiable or nonnegotiable paper of the principal or payable to the principal or the principal's order, transfer money, receive the cash or other proceeds of those transactions and accept a draft drawn by a person upon the principal and pay it when due;

(9) Receive for the principal and act upon a sight draft, warehouse receipt, or other document of title whether tangible or electronic, or other negotiable or nonnegotiable instrument;

(10) Apply for, receive and use letters of credit, credit and debit cards, electronic transaction authorizations and traveler's checks from a financial institution and give an indemnity or other agreement in connection with letters of credit; and

(11) Consent to an extension of the time of payment with respect to commercial paper or a financial transaction with a financial institution.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-336 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 15b / Section 1-336
Sec. 1-336. Preservation of legal material in an electronic record.
Status: in_force

(b) If legal material is preserved in an electronic record under subsection (a) of this section, the official publisher shall: (1) Ensure the integrity of the electronic record; (2) provide for backup and disaster recovery of the electronic record; and (3) ensure the continuing usability of the legal material.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-110 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 11a / Section 1-110
Sec. 1-110. Definitions.
Status: in_force

(1) “Public official” means public official, as defined in section 1-79 , a judge of any court either elected or appointed, and any elected or appointed municipal official;

(2) “State or municipal employee” means state employee, as defined in section 5-154 , and includes an employee of any quasi-public agency, as defined in section 1-120 , or any person, whether appointed or under contract, who provides services for a city, town or other political subdivision of the state for which a pension is provided; and

(3) “Crime related to state or municipal office” means any of the following criminal offenses committed by a person while serving as a public official or state or municipal employee:

(A) The committing, aiding or abetting of an embezzlement of public funds from the state, a municipality or a quasi-public agency;

(B) The committing, aiding or abetting of any felonious theft from the state, a municipality or a quasi-public agency;

(C) Bribery in connection with service as a public official or state or municipal employee; or

(D) The committing of any felony by such person who, wilfully and with the intent to defraud, realizes or obtains, or attempts to realize or obtain, a profit, gain or advantage for himself or herself or for some other person, through the use or attempted use of the power, rights, privileges or duties of his or her position as a public official or state or municipal employee.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-350q — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 15c / Section 1-350q
Sec. 1-350q. Agent's resignation. Notice.
Status: in_force

(1) To the conservator of the estate, the conservator of the person and guardian, if one has been appointed for the principal, and a coagent or successor agent; or

(2) If there is no person described in subdivision (1) of this section, to:

(A) The principal's spouse and children, if any, or a person reasonably believed by the agent to have sufficient interest in the principal's welfare; or

(B) A representative of the Division of Protective Services for the Elderly within the Department of Social Services.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-89 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 10 / Section 1-89
Sec. 1-89. Violations; penalties. Disciplinary powers of the legislature, agencies and commissions. Civil action for damages.
Status: in_force

(2) If, for a first violation, such person derives a financial benefit of one thousand dollars or more as a result of such violation, such person shall be guilty of a class D felony.

(3) For a second or subsequent violation, such person shall be guilty of a class D felony.

(4) No person may be found guilty of a violation of subsection (f) or (g) of section 1-84 and bribery or bribe receiving under section 53a-147 or 53a-148 upon the same incident, but such person may be charged and prosecuted for all or any of such offenses upon the same information.

(b) The penalties prescribed in this part or section 1-101nn shall not limit the power of either house of the legislature to discipline its own members or impeach a public official, and shall not limit the power of agencies or commissions to discipline their officials or employees.

(c) The Attorney General may bring a civil action against any person who knowingly acts in the person's financial interest in, or knowingly receives a financial advantage resulting from, a violation of section 1-84 , 1-85 , 1-86 , 1-101bb or 1-101nn . In any such action, the Attorney General may, in the discretion of the court, recover any financial benefit that accrued to the person as a result of such violation and additional damages in an amount not exceeding twice the amount of the actual damages.

(d) Any fines, penalties or damages paid, collected or recovered under section 1-88 or this section for a violation of any provision of this part or section 1-101bb or 1-101nn applying to the office of the Treasurer shall be deposited on a pro rata basis in any trust funds, as defined in section 3-13c , affected by such violation.

Cited. 229 C. 479.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-300 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 15a / Section 1-300
Sec. 1-300. Office of Governmental Accountability. Independent decision-making authority of council, commission, offices and boards.
Status: in_force

(b) The Office of Governmental Accountability shall provide personnel, payroll, affirmative action and administrative and business office functions and information technology associated with such functions for the following: The Judicial Review Council established under section 51-51k , Judicial Selection Commission established under section 51-44a , Board of Firearms Permit Examiners established under section 29-32b , Office of the Child Advocate established under section 46a-13k , Office of the Victim Advocate established under section 46a-13b , State Contracting Standards Board established under section 4e-2 and Office of the Correction Ombuds, established under section 18-81qq . The personnel, payroll, affirmative action and administrative and business office functions of said offices, commission, council and boards shall be merged and consolidated within the Office of Governmental Accountability.

(c) The executive administrator may employ necessary staff to carry out the administrative functions of the Office of Governmental Accountability, within available appropriations. Such necessary staff of the Office of Governmental Accountability shall be in classified service.

(d) Nothing in this section shall be construed to affect or limit the independent decision-making authority of the Judicial Review Council, Judicial Selection Commission, Board of Firearms Permit Examiners, Office of the Child Advocate, Office of the Victim Advocate, State Contracting Standards Board or Office of the Correction Ombuds. Such decision-making authority includes, but is not limited to, decisions concerning budgetary issues and concerning the employment of necessary staff to carry out the statutory duties of each such office, commission, council or board.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-86 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 10 / Section 1-86
Sec. 1-86. Procedure when discharge of duty affects official's or state employee's financial interests. Lobbyists prohibited from accepting employment with General Assembly and General Assembly members forbidden to be lobbyists.
Status: in_force

(b) No elected state official shall be affected by subsection (a) of this section.

(c) No person required to register with the Office of State Ethics under section 1-94 shall accept employment with the General Assembly or with any member of the General Assembly in connection with legislative action, as defined in section 1-91 . No member of the General Assembly shall be a lobbyist.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-279 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 15 / Section 1-279
Sec. 1-279. Automated transaction.
Status: in_force

(1) A contract may be formed by the interaction of electronic agents of the parties, even if no individual was aware of or reviewed the electronic agents' actions or the resulting terms and agreements.

(2) A contract may be formed by the interaction of an electronic agent and an individual, acting on the individual's own behalf or for another person, including by an interaction in which the individual performs actions that the individual is free to refuse to perform and which the individual knows or has reason to know will cause the electronic agent to complete the transaction or performance.

(3) The terms of the contract are determined by the substantive law applicable to the contract.
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-58 — Connecticut Code / Title 1 / Chapter 8 / Section 1-58
Sec. 1-58. Proof of authority to perform notarial act.
Status: in_force

(b) If the notarial act is performed by a person authorized by the laws or regulations of a foreign country to perform the act, there is sufficient proof of the authority of that person to act if: (1) A foreign service officer of the United States resident in the country in which the act is performed or a diplomatic or consular officer of the foreign country resident in the United States certifies that a person holding that office is authorized to perform the act; or (2) the official seal of the person performing the notarial act is affixed to the document; or (3) the title and indication of authority to perform notarial acts of the person appears either in a digest of foreign law or in a list customarily used as a source of such information.

(c) If the notarial act is performed by a person other than one described in subsections (a) and (b) of this section, there is sufficient proof of the authority of that person to act if the clerk of a court of record in the place in which the notarial act is performed certifies to the official character of that person and to his authority to perform the notarial act.

(d) The signature and title of the person performing the act are prima facie evidence that he is a person with the designated title and that the signature is genuine.