C.R.S. § 13-40.1-101 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 40.1 / Section 13-40.1-101
13-40.1-101. Removal of unauthorized persons - definitions
Status: in_force

13-40.1-101. Removal of unauthorized persons - definitions. (1) As used in this article 40.1, unless the context otherwise requires:

(a) "Residential premises" means a dwelling unit, the structure of which the unit is a part, and any immediately surrounding property that is owned by or subject to the exclusive control of the same person as the dwelling unit itself.

(b) (I) "Unauthorized person" means a person who occupies an uninhabited or vacant residential premises without any current or prior agreement or consent of the owner or an authorized agent of the owner, whether written or oral, concerning the use of the residential premises.

(II) "Unauthorized person" does not include:

(A) A relative of the property owner or a relative of an authorized agent of the property owner, including a spouse, descendant, stepchild, parent, stepparent, grandparent, brother, sister, uncle, or aunt, whether related by whole or half blood or by adoption;

(B) A person or persons from which the owner or an authorized agent of the owner has accepted money or anything of value; or

(C) A person who was previously given permission to enter and remain on the premises.

(2) The owner of a residential premises, or his or her authorized agent, may initiate the investigation of and request the removal of an unauthorized person or persons from the residential premises by filing with the county court a complaint and a verified motion for a temporary mandatory injunction restoring possession of the residential property to the owner or lawful occupant. To the extent known or reasonably ascertainable, the verified motion must identify the unauthorized person or persons and include statements substantially as follows:

VERIFIED MOTION FOR ORDER TO

REMOVE UNAUTHORIZED PERSONS

The undersigned owner, or authorized agent of the owner, of the residential premises located at __________ requests that the court hold a hearing within one court day and that the court enter a temporary mandatory injunction and issue a writ of restitution ordering that the person or persons currently occupying the residential premises be removed from the premises and be ordered not to return to the premises for a period of fourteen days. In support of the request, the undersigned owner or authorized agent hereby represents and declares under the penalty of perjury that (initial each box):

1. [ ] The declarant is the owner of the premises or the authorized agent of the owner of the premises;

2. [ ] An unauthorized person or persons have entered and are remaining unlawfully on the premises;

3. [ ] Neither the owner nor an authorized agent of the owner has ever given permission for the unauthorized person or persons to enter and remain on the premises;

4. [ ] Neither the owner nor an authorized agent of the owner has ever had a written or oral agreement with the unauthorized person or persons regarding the use of the premises;

5. [ ] Neither the owner nor an authorized agent of the owner is related to the unauthorized person or persons;

6. [ ] Neither the owner nor an authorized agent of the owner has ever accepted money or anything of value from the unauthorized person or persons regarding the use of the premises;

7. [ ] The declarant has demanded that the unauthorized person or persons vacate the premises but they have not done so;

8. [ ] The declarant has informed the unauthorized person or persons that he or she is going to court to request a temporary mandatory injunction restoring the owner to possession and shall deliver a copy of this Verified Motion for Order to Remove Unauthorized Persons Form to the unauthorized person or persons;

9. [ ] Additional optional explanatory comments or statement that the premises has been altered or damaged:

(3) A declarant who falsely swears on a motion filed with the county court pursuant to this section may be:

(a) Subject to sanctions under the Colorado rules of county court civil procedure;

(b) Held in contempt of court; or

(c) Prosecuted for perjury in the first or second degree, as described in section 18-8-502 or 18-8-503, or false swearing, as described in section 18-8-504.

(4) (a) The county court shall consider the complaint and motion for temporary mandatory injunction under this section and conduct a hearing on the motion as soon as practicable, but in no event later than the next court day after the filing of the motion, unless a later date is requested by the moving party.

(b) (I) The summons, complaint, motion, and notice required by subsection (4)(b)(III) of this section shall either be served by personal service upon the defendant, as in any civil action, by a person qualified under the Colorado rules of county court civil procedure to serve process, or such person may make service by posting a copy of the summons, complaint, motion, and notice required by subsection (4)(b)(III) of this section in some conspicuous place upon the premises.

(II) Personal service or service by posting must be made at least twenty-four hours before the time for appearance specified in such summons and notice, and the time and manner of the service must be endorsed upon such summons by the person making service thereof.

(III) The written notice of the date, time, and location of the hearing must be served with the complaint. The notice must be printed in black ink and have a font size of not less than twelve and in substantially the following form:

NOTICE

On [date], [year], at [time] in Courtroom [number], [courthouse name], [courthouse address], the Court will hold a hearing on a Motion for an Order for Temporary Mandatory Injunction and writ of restitution in order to require the removal from the residential premises located at [residential premises address] of each unauthorized person identified in the motion that accompanies this notice. If you are identified as an unauthorized person and if you believe that is not true, then you must attend the hearing and present any evidence supporting your position. IF YOU FAIL TO ATTEND THE HEARING, THE COURT MAY ENTER AN ORDER INSTRUCTING THE SHERIFF TO REMOVE YOU FROM THE RESIDENTIAL PREMISES IMMEDIATELY.

(c) Any occupant of the residential premises who disputes that he or she is an unauthorized person may appear at the hearing and must be permitted to provide testimony and other evidence that the occupant is not an unauthorized person. The court, in its discretion, may accept a written statement submitted to the court prior to the commencement of the hearing in lieu of personal testimony from the occupant.

(d) If no person identified in the motion as an unauthorized person appears at the hearing, and no written statement that the court deems sufficient is filed in opposition to the motion, the court may proceed to rule on the motion based on the contents of the motion and any additional testimony offered by the moving party. The court may, but need not, require the moving party to confirm in oral testimony the facts recited in the motion and may make such other inquiry of the owner or authorized agent as the court determines proper under the circumstances. After taking testimony from the moving party and any occupant who contests the motion or after considering the content of the motion or written statement, the court shall determine whether the occupant is an unauthorized person. If the court determines that the occupant is an unauthorized person, the court shall enter an order for a temporary mandatory injunction and issue a writ of restitution prior to adjourning the hearing, which order may include such additional terms or limitations as the court may in its discretion determine necessary and equitable under the circumstances. If the court determines that the occupant is not an unauthorized person, the court shall deny the motion for an order for temporary mandatory injunction. If an order for temporary mandatory injunction is denied, the owner is not prejudiced from thereafter commencing an eviction pursuant to section 13-40-101.

(e) The court shall not require the appointment of an attorney to represent any occupant or other interested person as a condition of considering such motion.

(f) If the court enters the order for temporary mandatory injunction and issues a writ of restitution, the owner or his or her authorized agent may deliver the order for temporary mandatory injunction to the sheriff having jurisdiction to enforce the order.

(5) (a) Except as provided in subsection (5)(b) of this section, the writ of restitution must be executed pursuant to section 13-40-122.

(b) No later than twenty-four hours after receipt of order for temporary mandatory injunction, a sheriff, undersheriff, or deputy sheriff, as described in section 16-2.5-103 (1) or (2), while off duty or on duty at rates charged by the employing sheriff's office in accordance with section 30-1-104 (1)(gg), shall:

(I) Remove the person or persons from the residential premises, with or without arresting the person or persons; and

(II) Order the person or persons to remain off the residential premises or be subject to arrest for criminal trespass.

(c) If the motion filed with the county court includes a statement that the property has been altered or damaged or the sheriff, undersheriff, or deputy sheriff sees evidence that the property has been altered or damaged, the sheriff, undersheriff, or deputy sheriff shall collect personal information from the person or persons and shall provide that information to the declarant.
C.R.S. § 13-81-106 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 81 / Section 13-81-106
13-81-106. Removal of disability - effect
Status: in_force

13-81-106. Removal of disability - effect. If before the expiration of the period fixed by the applicable statute of limitations the disability of any person under disability is removed, the fact of such removal shall not in any way affect or stop the running of the applicable statute of limitations, except as provided in section 13-81-103 (1)(c).
C.R.S. § 13-1.5-101 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 1.5 / Section 13-1.5-101
13-1.5-101. Short title
Status: in_force

13-1.5-101. Short title. This article may be cited as the "Uniform Transboundary Pollution Reciprocal Access Act".
C.R.S. § 13-30-103 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 30 / Section 13-30-103
13-30-103. Compensation of justices and judges
Status: repealed

13-30-103. Compensation of justices and judges. (1) In addition to the provisions of section 13-30-104, the following salaries for the following officers shall apply:

(a) The chief justice of the supreme court shall receive effective July 1, 1991, an annual salary of seventy-nine thousand dollars, and effective July 1, 1992, an annual salary of eighty-two thousand dollars.

(b) Each associate justice of the supreme court shall receive effective July 1, 1991, an annual salary of seventy-six thousand five hundred dollars, and effective July 1, 1992, an annual salary of seventy-nine thousand five hundred dollars.

(c) The chief judge of the court of appeals shall receive effective July 1, 1991, an annual salary of seventy-four thousand five hundred dollars, and effective July 1, 1992, an annual salary of seventy-seven thousand five hundred dollars.

(d) Each judge of the court of appeals, other than the chief judge, shall receive effective July 1, 1991, an annual salary of seventy-two thousand dollars, and effective July 1, 1992, an annual salary of seventy-five thousand dollars.

(e) The judges of the district courts shall each receive effective July 1, 1991, an annual salary of sixty-seven thousand five hundred dollars, and effective July 1, 1992, an annual salary of seventy thousand five hundred dollars.

(f) Each judge of the juvenile court of the city and county of Denver shall receive effective July 1, 1991, an annual salary of sixty-seven thousand five hundred dollars, and effective July 1, 1992, an annual salary of seventy thousand five hundred dollars.

(g) The judge of the probate court of the city and county of Denver shall receive effective July 1, 1991, an annual salary of sixty-seven thousand five hundred dollars, and effective July 1, 1992, an annual salary of seventy thousand five hundred dollars.

(h) Repealed.

(i) Each judge of the county court of the city and county of Denver shall receive an annual salary as provided by the ordinances of said city and county.

(j) The annual salary of judges of the county court in Class B counties, as defined in section 13-6-201, effective July 1, 1991, shall be sixty thousand five hundred dollars, and effective July 1, 1992, shall be sixty-three thousand five hundred dollars.

(k) Repealed.

(l) (I) Effective July 1, 1998, the annual salary of judges of the county court in each Class C or Class D county, as defined in section 13-6-201, and the annual salaries of all special associate, associate, and assistant county judges shall be determined annually by the chief justice and certified to the general assembly and the controller pursuant to procedures approved by the supreme court. The certification shall include the workload measures developed pursuant to subparagraph (II) of this paragraph (l). In determining the salaries to take effect on July 1 of each year, the chief justice shall use the average number of cases filed annually in each county court during the three-year period ending on the previous December 31.

(II) Procedures used to calculate incremental part-time county judge workload salary levels shall be based on the method used to determine the need for full-time county judges as established and approved by the supreme court and shall take into account case types, case processing requirements, support staff assistance, travel, and such other factors as are relevant to workload assessment. Salaries for part-time county judges shall begin at twenty percent of the amount of a full-time county judge salary, as specified in paragraph (j) of this subsection (1) and section 13-30-104, and increase by five percent increments commensurate with increases in the part-time county judge's workload, up to ninety percent of a full-time county judge workload.

(III) When the workload for a part-time county judge reaches eighty percent of a full-time county judge workload, the chief justice may assign the part-time county judge to serve on a full-time basis, so long as the part-time county judge meets the qualifications established for county judges in Class A and Class B counties, as specified in section 13-6-203. Upon assignment to serve on a full-time basis, the part-time county judge shall be paid the full amount of a county judge salary as specified in paragraph (j) of this subsection (1) and section 13-30-104. Assignment of a part-time county judge to serve on a full-time basis pursuant to this subparagraph (III) shall not affect the statutory classification of the county in which the part-time county judge serves, as specified in section 13-6-201.

(IV) Notwithstanding the provisions of subparagraph (I) of this paragraph (l), the salary of a county judge or special associate, associate, or assistant county judge serving in office as of June 30, 1998, may not be reduced while such judge remains in office. Any reduction in salary for a judge appointed after June 30, 1998, shall take effect at the beginning of such judge's next term of office.

(1.5) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (1) of this section, for the fiscal year commencing July 1, 1999, and each fiscal year thereafter, the increase over and above the provisions set forth in this section and section 13-30-104, if any, in compensation of justices and judges shall be determined by the general assembly as set forth in the annual general appropriations bill. Any increase in judicial compensation set forth in an annual general appropriations bill shall be an increase only for the fiscal year of the annual general appropriations bill in which the amount is specified and shall not constitute an increase for any other fiscal year. It is the intent of the general assembly that an increase in judicial compensation specified in an annual general appropriations bill shall be added to the compensation set forth in this section and section 13-30-104 and shall not represent a statutory change.

(2) The annual salaries under this section and as increased by the annual general appropriations bill for the fiscal year commencing July 1, 1999, and for each fiscal year thereafter, shall be paid in equal monthly amounts.
C.R.S. § 13-81-102 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 81 / Section 13-81-102
13-81-102. Right of legal representative
Status: in_force

13-81-102. Right of legal representative. (1) When there is a legal representative appointed for a person under disability, all rights to take action, except rights of the person under disability against the legal representative himself or herself, vest in said legal representative for the benefit of the person under disability, and the legal representative has authority to take action thereon in his or her own name.

(2) A legal representative may:

(a) Elect, on behalf of a plaintiff in a civil action, a form of funding of a judgment for periodic payments, as described in section 13-64-207;

(b) Elect to receive the immediate payment to the plaintiff of the present value of the future damage award in a lump-sum amount, in lieu of periodic payments;

(c) Petition a court of competent jurisdiction to establish a disability trust pursuant to section 15-14-412.8, C.R.S., funded by the proceeds of a settlement or judgment received by, or on behalf of, a person under disability who is under sixty-five years of age and who is disabled, as defined in Title XIX of the federal "Social Security Act", 42 U.S.C. sec. 1382c (a)(3); or

(d) Petition a court of competent jurisdiction to establish a pooled trust account pursuant to section 15-14-412.9, C.R.S., funded by the proceeds of a settlement or judgment received by, or on behalf of, a person under disability who is disabled, as defined in Title XIX of the federal "Social Security Act", 42 U.S.C. sec. 1382c (a)(3).
C.R.S. § 13-6-303 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 6 / Part 3 / Section 13-6-303
13-6-303. Place of holding court
Status: in_force

13-6-303. Place of holding court. In each county, the county court shall sit at the county seat, and the county court by rule or order also may provide for hearing and trials to be held in locations other than the county seat. In particular, if the corporate limits of a municipality extend into two counties, the county court of either county, for the hearing of matters for which venue is properly laid before them or the requirements thereof are waived, may sit at any place within such municipality without regard to the location of the county line. Where the county court sits regularly at locations other than the county seat, proper venue within the county shall be fixed by court rule.
C.R.S. § 13-24-113 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 24 / Section 13-24-113
13-24-113. Standards of professional responsibility and mandatory reporting not affected
Status: in_force

13-24-113. Standards of professional responsibility and mandatory reporting not affected. (1) This article 24 does not affect:

(a) The professional responsibility obligations and standards applicable to a lawyer or other licensed professional; or

(b) The obligation of a person to report abuse or neglect, abandonment, or exploitation of a child or adult under the law of this state.

(2) Nothing in section 13-24-117 waives the provisions of rule 1.6 (b) of the Colorado rules of professional conduct.
C.R.S. § 13-74-104 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 74 / Section 13-74-104
13-74-104. Summoning of jurors
Status: in_force

13-74-104. Summoning of jurors. The jury commissioner of the court in which the petition for impaneling the judicial district grand jury is filed shall cause said prospective jurors to be summoned for service in the manner provided in section 13-71-110.
C.R.S. § 13-21-1101 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 21 / Part 11 / Section 13-21-1101
13-21-1101. Short title
Status: in_force

13-21-1101. Short title. This part 11 shall be known and may be cited as the "Commonsense Consumption Act".
C.R.S. § 13-20-1001 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 20 / Part 10 / Section 13-20-1001
13-20-1001. Short title
Status: in_force

13-20-1001. Short title. This part 10 shall be known and may be cited as the "Colorado Citizens' Access to Colorado Courts Act".
C.R.S. § 13-22-505 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 22 / Part 5 / Section 13-22-505
13-22-505. Applicability
Status: in_force

13-22-505. Applicability. The provisions of part 2 of this article and sections 13-22-307 and 13-22-308 shall apply to any international dispute submitted to alternative dispute resolution pursuant to this part 5.
C.R.S. § 13-5.5-114 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 5.5 / Section 13-5.5-114
13-5.5-114. Reporting requirements - "State Measurement for Accountable, Responsive, and Tra
Status: in_force

13-5.5-114. Reporting requirements - "State Measurement for Accountable, Responsive, and Transparent (SMART) Government Act" report. (1) The state commission shall gather and maintain statewide data and post a statistical report of the statewide data on its website no later than thirty days prior to each retention election. The report must specify, at a minimum:

(a) The total number of justices and judges who were eligible to stand for retention and the number who declared their intent to stand for reelection;

(b) The total number of judicial performance evaluations of justices and judges performed by the state and district commissions;

(c) The total number of justices and judges who were evaluated but did not stand for retention; and

(d) The total number of justices and judges who received a "meets performance standard" or "does not meet performance standard" recommendation, respectively.

(2) Beginning in January 2019, and every two years thereafter, the state commission shall report on the activities of the commissioners to the joint judiciary committee of the general assembly as part of its "State Measurement for Accountable, Responsive, and Transparent (SMART) Government Act" presentation required by section 2-7-203.
C.R.S. § 13-64-201 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 64 / Part 2 / Section 13-64-201
13-64-201. Legislative declaration
Status: in_force

13-64-201. Legislative declaration. (1) The general assembly declares the purposes of enacting this part 2 are to:

(a) Alleviate the practical problems incident to the unpredictability of future losses;

(b) Effectuate more precise awards of damages for actual losses;

(c) Pay damages as the losses are found to accrue;

(d) Assure that payments of damages more nearly serve the purposes for which they are awarded;

(e) Reduce the burden on public assistance costs created by the dissipation of lump-sum payments; and

(f) Conform to the income tax policies in the federal "Internal Revenue Code of 1986" and the laws of this state with respect to compensation for personal injuries.
C.R.S. § 13-90-112 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 90 / Part 1 / Section 13-90-112
13-90-112. Power to enforce subpoena duces tecum
Status: in_force

13-90-112. Power to enforce subpoena duces tecum. The provisions of article 90.5 of this title shall also apply to a subpoena duces tecum.
C.R.S. § 13-6-307 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 6 / Part 3 / Section 13-6-307
13-6-307. Process
Status: in_force

13-6-307. Process. (1) Each county court shall have the power to issue process necessary to acquire jurisdiction, to require attendance, and to enforce all orders, decrees, and judgments. Such process runs to any county within the state and, when authorized by the Colorado rules of civil procedure, may be served outside the state. Any sheriff to whom process is directed is authorized and required to execute the same, and he is entitled to the same fees as are allowed for serving like process from the district courts. Persons other than the sheriff or his deputies may also serve process from the county court when permitted by the Colorado rules of civil procedure or by law.

(2) Upon request of the court, the prosecuting county, or the defendant, the clerk of the county court shall issue a subpoena for the appearance, at any and all stages of the court's proceedings, of the parent, guardian, or lawful custodian of any child under eighteen years of age who is charged with the violation of a county ordinance. Whenever a person who is issued a subpoena pursuant to this subsection (2) fails, without good cause, to appear, the court may issue an order for the person to show cause to the court as to why the person should not be held in contempt. Following a show cause hearing, the court may make findings of fact and conclusions of law and may enter an appropriate order, which may include finding the person in contempt.
C.R.S. § 13-8-123 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 8 / Section 13-8-123
13-8-123. Judgments
Status: in_force

13-8-123. Judgments. The judgments of the juvenile court shall be enforceable in the same manner as judgments of the district court and, when appropriate, may be made liens upon real estate or other property in the manner provided by law for judgments of the district court.
C.R.S. § 13-73-101 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 73 / Section 13-73-101
13-73-101. Petition for impaneling - determination by chief judge
Status: in_force

13-73-101. Petition for impaneling - determination by chief judge. (1) The general assembly finds that the state grand jury exists because of the need to investigate and prosecute crime without regard to county or judicial district boundaries in cases involving organized crime, criminal activity in more than one judicial district, or unusual difficulties in the investigation or adjudication of a matter or cases in which the attorney general has authority to prosecute. The state grand jury is intended, therefore, to be a law enforcement tool with statewide jurisdiction.

(2) When the attorney general deems it to be in the public interest to convene a grand jury that has jurisdiction extending beyond the boundaries of any single county, the attorney general may petition the chief judge of any district court for an order in accordance with the provisions of this article. Said chief judge may, for good cause shown, order the impaneling of a state grand jury that shall have statewide jurisdiction. In making a determination as to the need for impaneling a state grand jury, the judge shall require a showing that the matter cannot be effectively handled by a grand jury impaneled pursuant to article 72 or 74 of this title, such grand juries being referred to in this article as a "county grand jury" or a "judicial district grand jury", respectively.
C.R.S. § 13-16-119 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 16 / Section 13-16-119
13-16-119. Costs retaxed - forfeit by clerk
Status: in_force

13-16-119. Costs retaxed - forfeit by clerk. If any person feels aggrieved by the taxation of any bill of costs, he may apply to the court to have the same retaxed, and, if it appears that the party aggrieved has paid any higher charge than by law is allowed, the court may order that the clerk forfeit all fees allowed to him for taxation and pay to the party aggrieved the whole amount which he has paid by reason of the allowing of any unlawful charge.
C.R.S. § 13-21-813 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 21 / Part 8 / Section 13-21-813
13-21-813. Severability
Status: in_force

13-21-813. Severability. If any provision of this part 8 or the application thereof to any person or circumstance is held invalid, such invalidity shall not affect other provisions or applications of this part 8 that can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to this end the provisions of this part 8 are declared to be severable.
C.R.S. § 13-2-114 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 2 / Section 13-2-114
13-2-114. Seal of supreme court
Status: in_force

13-2-114. Seal of supreme court. The seal of the supreme court shall be one and three-quarter inches in diameter, with a device inscribed thereon as follows: Upon a ground of white the figure of justice sitting faced to the left, but with body and face inclined to the front, arms outstretched, and holding in her left hand the scales and in her right the sword of justice. Upon the left, and just above the ground, shall appear the rising sun, with golden rays proceeding therefrom. On the right, and resting upon the ground, a shield, having inscribed thereon the coat of arms of the state of Colorado, the upper part of the shield leaning upon the figure of justice; upon the right of the shield a vine extending from the ground to the top of the shield; above the inscription and around the edge of the seal shall be the words "supreme court"; below the inscription and around the edge of the seal shall be the words, "State of Colorado", engraved thereon.
C.R.S. § 13-51-113 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 51 / Section 13-51-113
13-51-113. Issues of fact
Status: in_force

13-51-113. Issues of fact. When a proceeding under this article involves the determination of an issue of fact, such issue may be tried and determined in the same manner as issues of facts are tried and determined in other civil actions in the court in which the proceeding is pending.
C.R.S. § 13-21-111 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 21 / Part 1 / Section 13-21-111
13-21-111. Negligence cases - comparative negligence as measure of damages
Status: repealed

13-21-111. Negligence cases - comparative negligence as measure of damages. (1) Contributory negligence shall not bar recovery in any action by any person or his legal representative to recover damages for negligence resulting in death or in injury to person or property, if such negligence was not as great as the negligence of the person against whom recovery is sought, but any damages allowed shall be diminished in proportion to the amount of negligence attributable to the person for whose injury, damage, or death recovery is made.

(2) In any action to which subsection (1) of this section applies, the court, in a nonjury trial, shall make findings of fact or, in a jury trial, the jury shall return a special verdict which shall state:

(a) The amount of the damages which would have been recoverable if there had been no contributory negligence; and

(b) The degree of negligence of each party, expressed as a percentage.

(3) Upon the making of the finding of fact or the return of a special verdict, as is required by subsection (2) of this section, the court shall reduce the amount of the verdict in proportion to the amount of negligence attributable to the person for whose injury, damage, or death recovery is made; but, if the said proportion is equal to or greater than the negligence of the person against whom recovery is sought, then, in such event, the court shall enter a judgment for the defendant.

(3.5) and (4) Repealed.
C.R.S. § 13-1-126 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 1 / Part 1 / Section 13-1-126
13-1-126. Documents in court proceedings - designation by clerk of representative to atten
Status: in_force

13-1-126. Documents in court proceedings - designation by clerk of representative to attend court proceedings. Documents from the office of the clerk of any court of record to be used as evidence in court proceedings shall be acknowledged, exemplified, verified, or attested to in a manner which shall make unnecessary the personal appearance of such clerk in court proceedings to acknowledge, exemplify, verify, or attest to the validity of such documents. The clerk of any court of record may designate a representative to attend court proceedings if the clerk is subpoenaed for the purpose of acknowledging, exemplifying, verifying, or attesting to the validity of documents furnished by the clerk's office.
C.R.S. § 13-62.3-104 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 62.3 / Section 13-62.3-104
13-62.3-104. Registration of Canadian judgment
Status: in_force

13-62.3-104. Registration of Canadian judgment. (1) A person seeking recognition of a Canadian judgment to enforce the judgment may register the judgment in the office of the clerk of a court in which an action for recognition of the judgment could be filed under section 13-62-106.

(2) A registration under subsection (1) of this section must be executed by the person registering the judgment or the person's attorney and include:

(a) A copy of the Canadian judgment authenticated as accurate by the court that entered the judgment;

(b) The name and address of the person registering the judgment;

(c) If the person registering the judgment is not the person in whose favor the judgment was rendered, a statement describing the interest in the judgment of the person registering the judgment that entitles the person to seek its recognition and enforcement;

(d) The name and last-known address of the person against whom the judgment is being registered;

(e) If the judgment is of the type described in section 13-62.3-103 (2) or (3), a description of the part of the judgment being registered;

(f) The amount of the judgment or part of the judgment being registered, identifying:

(I) The amount of interest accrued as of the date of registration on the judgment or part of the judgment being registered, including the rate of interest, the part of the judgment to which interest applies, and the date when interest began;

(II) Costs and expenses included in the judgment or part of the judgment being registered, other than an amount awarded for attorney's fees; and

(III) The amount of an award of attorney's fees included in the judgment or part of the judgment being registered;

(g) The amount of post-judgment costs, expenses, and attorney's fees as of the date of registration claimed by the person registering the judgment or part of the judgment;

(h) The amount of the judgment or part of the judgment being registered that has been satisfied as of the date of registration;

(i) A statement that:

(I) The judgment is final, conclusive, and enforceable under the law of the Canadian jurisdiction in which it was rendered;

(II) The judgment or part of the judgment being registered is within the scope of this article 62.3; and

(III) If a part of the judgment is being registered, the amounts stated in the registration as required by subsections (2)(f), (2)(g), and (2)(h) of this section relate to the part;

(j) If the judgment is not in English, a certified translation of the judgment into English; and

(k) The docket fee stated in section 13-53-106.

(3) On receipt of a registration that includes the documents, information, and docket fee required by subsection (2) of this section, the clerk shall file the registration, assign a docket number, and enter the Canadian judgment in the court's docket.

(4) A registration substantially in the following form, which includes the attachments specified in the form, complies with the requirements under subsection (2) of this section for registration:

REGISTRATION OF CANADIAN MONEY JUDGMENT

This completed form, together with the documents required by Subpart V, should be filed with the Clerk of the District Court. When stating a sum of money, identify the currency in which the sum is stated.

I. Identification of Canadian Judgment

Canadian Court Rendering the Judgment: _____________________

Case/Docket Number in Canadian Court: _____________________

Name of Plaintiff: ___________________________

Name of Defendant: _________________________

The Canadian Court entered the judgment on _______ [Date] in _________ [City] in ___________________ [Province or Territory]. The judgment includes an award for the payment of money in favor of ____________ in the amount of __________.

If only part of the Canadian judgment is subject to registration (see sections 13-62.3-103 (2) and (3), Colorado Revised Statutes), describe the part of the judgment being registered. _______________________.

II. Identification of Person Registering Judgment and Person Against Whom Judgment is Being Registered

Name of Person Registering Judgment: _______________________. If the person registering the judgment is not the person in whose favor the judgment was rendered, describe the interest in the judgment of the person registering the judgment that entitles the person to seek its recognition and enforcement. ___________

Address: _______________________________________________

Additional Contact Information for Person Registering Judgment (optional):

Telephone Number: __________ FAX Number: ________________

E-mail Address: _______________________

Name of Attorney for Person Registering Judgment, if any: _____________________

Address: _______________________________________________

Telephone Number: __________ FAX Number: _________________

E-mail Address: _______________________

Name of Person Against Whom Judgment is Being Registered: _________________

Address: ____________________________________ (provide the most recent address known)

Additional Contact Information for Person Against Whom Judgment is Being Registered (optional) (provide most recent information known):

Telephone Number: ____________ FAX Number: _______________

E-mail Address: _____________________________

III. Calculation of Amount for Which Enforcement is Sought

The amount of the Canadian judgment or part of the judgment being registered is _________________________.

The amount of interest accrued as of the date of registration on the part of the judgment being registered is __________________. The applicable rate of interest is _________. The date when interest began is ______________. The part of the judgment to which the interest applies is __________________.

The Canadian Court awarded costs and expenses relating to the part of the judgment being registered in the amount of _________________ (exclude any amount included in the award of costs and expenses that represents an award of attorney's fees).

The Canadian Court awarded attorney's fees relating to the part of the judgment being registered in the amount of ________.

The person registering the Canadian judgment claims post-judgment costs and expenses of _____________ and post-judgment attorney's fees of ____________relating to the part of the judgment being registered (include only costs, expenses, and attorney's fees incurred before registration).

The amount of the part of the judgment being registered that has been satisfied as of the date of registration is _____________.

The total amount for which enforcement of the part of the judgment being registered is sought is ______________________.

IV. Statement of Person Registering Judgment

I, __________________ [Person Registering Judgment or Attorney for Person Registering Judgment], state:

1. The Canadian judgment is final, conclusive, and enforceable under the law of the Canadian jurisdiction in which it was rendered.

2. The Canadian judgment or part of the Canadian judgment being registered is within the scope of article 62.3 of title 13, Colorado Revised Statutes.

3. If only a part of the Canadian judgment is being registered, the amounts stated in Subpart III of the registration relate to that part.

V. Items Required to be Included with Registration

Attached are (check to signify required items are included):

_____ A copy of the Canadian judgment authenticated as accurate by the Canadian Court that entered the judgment in accordance with section 13-53-103, Colorado Revised Statutes.

_____ If the Canadian judgment is not in English, a certified translation of the judgment into English.

_____ A docket fee in the amount of $201.00.

I declare that the information provided on this form is true and correct, except as to matters stated to be on information and belief and, as to those matters, I believe them to be true.

Submitted by: ______________________

Person Registering Judgment or Attorney for Person

Registering Judgment (specify whether signer is the person

registering the judgment or that person's attorney)

Date of submission: _________________
C.R.S. § 13-22-105 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 22 / Part 1 / Section 13-22-105
13-22-105. Minors - consent - contraception
Status: in_force

13-22-105. Minors - consent - contraception. With the minor's consent, a health-care provider licensed, certified, or registered pursuant to title 12 who is acting within the health-care provider's scope of practice may furnish contraceptive procedures, supplies, or information to a minor without notification to or the consent of the minor's parent or parents, legal guardian, or any other person having custody of or decision-making responsibility for the minor.
C.R.S. § 13-1-101 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 1 / Part 1 / Section 13-1-101
13-1-101. Clerks shall keep record books
Status: in_force

13-1-101. Clerks shall keep record books. The clerks of the courts of record in this state shall keep in their respective offices suitable books for indexing the records of their said offices, one to be known as the direct index and one as the inverse index.
C.R.S. § 13-27-103 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 27 / Section 13-27-103
13-27-103. Applicability
Status: in_force

13-27-103. Applicability. This article 27 applies to an unsworn declaration by a declarant who at the time of making the declaration is physically located within or outside the boundaries of the United States whether or not the location is subject to the jurisdiction of the United States.
C.R.S. § 13-10-113 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 10 / Section 13-10-113
13-10-113. Fines and penalties
Status: in_force

13-10-113. Fines and penalties. (1) (a) Except as provided in subsection (1)(b) of this section, any person convicted of violating a municipal ordinance in a municipal court of record may be incarcerated for a period not to exceed three hundred sixty-four days or fined an amount not to exceed two thousand six hundred fifty dollars, or both.

(b) (I) The limitation on municipal court fines set forth in paragraph (a) of this subsection (1) shall be adjusted for inflation on January 1, 2014, and on January 1 of each year thereafter.

(II) As used in this paragraph (b), "inflation" means the annual percentage change in the United States department of labor, bureau of labor statistics, consumer price index for Denver-Boulder, all items, all urban consumers, or its successor index.

(1.5) Any person convicted of violating a municipal ordinance in a municipal court which is not of record may be incarcerated for a period not to exceed ninety days or fined an amount not to exceed three hundred dollars, or both.

(2) In sentencing or fining a violator, the municipal judge shall not exceed the sentence or fine limitations established by ordinance. Any other provision of the law to the contrary notwithstanding, the municipal judge may suspend the sentence or fine of any violator and place him on probation for a period not to exceed one year.

(3) The municipal judge is empowered in his discretion to assess costs, as established by the municipal governing body by ordinance, against any defendant who pleads guilty or nolo contendere or who enters into a plea agreement or who, after trial, is found guilty of an ordinance violation.

(4) Notwithstanding any provision of law to the contrary, a municipal court has the authority to order a child under eighteen years of age confined in a juvenile detention facility operated or contracted by the department of human services or a temporary holding facility operated by or under contract with a municipal government for failure to comply with a lawful order of the court, including an order to pay a fine. Any confinement of a child for contempt of municipal court shall not exceed forty-eight hours.

(5) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a juvenile, as defined in section 19-2.5-102, arrested for an alleged violation of a municipal ordinance, convicted of violating a municipal ordinance or probation conditions imposed by a municipal court, or found in contempt of court in connection with a violation or alleged violation of a municipal ordinance must not be confined in a jail, lockup, or other place used for the confinement of adult offenders but may be held in a juvenile detention facility operated by or under contract with the department of human services or a temporary holding facility operated by or under contract with a municipal government that shall receive and provide care for the juvenile. A municipal court imposing penalties for violation of probation conditions imposed by such court or for contempt of court in connection with a violation or alleged violation of a municipal ordinance may confine a juvenile pursuant to section 19-2.5-305 for up to forty-eight hours in a juvenile detention facility operated by or under contract with the department of human services. In imposing any jail sentence upon a juvenile for violating any municipal ordinance when the municipal court has jurisdiction over the juvenile pursuant to section 19-2.5-103 (1)(a)(II), a municipal court does not have the authority to order a juvenile under eighteen years of age to a juvenile detention facility operated or contracted by the department of human services.

(6) Whenever the judge in a municipal court of record imposes a fine for a nonviolent municipal ordinance or code offense, if the person who committed the offense is unable to pay the fine at the time of the court hearing or if he or she fails to pay any fine imposed for the commission of such offense, in order to guarantee the payment of such fine, the municipal judge may compel collection of the fine in the manner provided in section 18-1.3-506, C.R.S. For purposes of this subsection (6), "nonviolent municipal ordinance or code offense" means a municipal ordinance or code offense which does not involve the use or threat of physical force on or to a person in the commission of the offense.

(7) Notwithstanding subsections (1) and (1.5) of this section, the municipal judge of each municipality which implements an industrial wastewater pretreatment program pursuant to the federal act, as defined in section 25-8-103 (8), C.R.S., may provide such relief and impose such penalties as are required by such federal act and its implementing regulations for such programs.

(8) If, as a condition of or in connection with any sentence imposed pursuant to this section, a municipal court judge requires a juvenile who is younger than eighteen years of age to attend school, the municipal court shall notify the school district in which the juvenile is enrolled of such requirement.
C.R.S. § 13-59-101 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 59 / Section 13-59-101
13-59-101. No imprisonment for debt
Status: in_force

13-59-101. No imprisonment for debt. There shall be no imprisonment or arrest for debt in this state in any case upon any contract, expressed or implied.
C.R.S. § 13-8-101 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 8 / Section 13-8-101
13-8-101. Establishment
Status: in_force

13-8-101. Establishment. Pursuant to the provisions of section 1 of article VI of the Colorado constitution, there is hereby established the juvenile court of the city and county of Denver.
C.R.S. § 13-54.5-101 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 54.5 / Section 13-54.5-101
13-54.5-101. Definitions
Status: in_force

13-54.5-101. Definitions. As used in this article 54.5, unless the context otherwise requires:

(1) "Continuing garnishment" means any procedure for payment of a judgment debt by withholding earnings to which a judgment debtor becomes entitled for the duration of the writ of continuing garnishment.

(2) (a) "Earnings" means:

(I) Compensation paid or payable to an individual employee or independent contractor for personal labor or services;

(II) Funds held in or payable from any health, accident, or disability insurance.

(b) For the purposes of writs of garnishment that are the result of a judgment taken for arrearages for child support or for child support debt, for restitution for the theft, embezzlement, misappropriation, or wrongful conversion of public property, or in the event of a judgment for a willful and intentional violation of fiduciary duties to a public pension plan where the offender or a related party received direct financial gain, "earnings" also means:

(I) Workers' compensation benefits;

(II) Any pension or retirement benefits or payments, including but not limited to those paid pursuant to articles 51, 54, 54.5, and 54.6 of title 24, C.R.S., and articles 30.5 and 31 of title 31, C.R.S.;

(III) Dividends, severance pay, royalties, monetary gifts, monetary prizes, excluding lottery winnings not required by the rules of the Colorado lottery commission to be paid only at the lottery office, taxable distributions from general partnerships, limited partnerships, closely held corporations, or limited liability companies, interest, trust income, annuities, capital gains, or rents;

(IV) Any funds held in or payable from any health, accident, disability, or casualty insurance to the extent that such insurance replaces wages or provides income in lieu of wages; and

(V) Tips declared by the individual for purposes of reporting to the federal internal revenue service or tips imputed to bring the employee's gross earnings to the minimum wage for the number of hours worked, whichever is greater.

(c) For the purposes of writs of garnishment issued by the state agency responsible for administering the state medical assistance program, which writs are issued as a result of a judgment for medical support for child support or for medical support debt, "earnings" includes:

(I) Payments received from a third party to cover the health-care cost of the child but which payments have not been applied to cover the child's health-care costs; and

(II) State tax refunds.

(d) For the purposes of writs of garnishment issued by a county department of human or social services responsible for administering the state public assistance programs and the Colorado child care assistance program, which writs are issued as a result of a judgment for a debt for fraudulently obtained public assistance or child care assistance, fraudulently obtained overpayments of public assistance or child care assistance, or excess public assistance or child care assistance paid for which the recipient was ineligible, "earnings" includes workers' compensation benefits.

(e) For the purposes of attachments of earnings or writs of garnishment that are the result of a judgment taken for court assessments including fines, fees, costs, restitution, and surcharges pursuant to section 16-11-101.6 or section 16-18.5-105, C.R.S., "earnings" also means those enumerated under paragraph (a) of this subsection (2).

(3) "Garnishee" means a person other than a judgment creditor or judgment debtor who is in possession of earnings or property of the judgment debtor and who is subject to garnishment in accordance with the provisions of this article.

(4) "Garnishment" means any procedure through which the property or earnings of an individual in the possession or control of a garnishee are required to be withheld for payment of a judgment debt.

(5) "Judgment creditor" means any individual, corporation, partnership, or other legal entity that has recovered a money judgment against a judgment debtor in a court of competent jurisdiction.

(6) "Judgment debtor" means any person, including a corporation, partnership, or other legal entity, who has a judgment entered against him in a court of competent jurisdiction.

(7) "Notice of exemption and pending levy" means the document required to be served on the judgment debtor in any garnishment proceeding, except continuing garnishment, as soon as practicable following the service of the writ of garnishment on the garnishee. A "notice of exemption and pending levy" includes a statement that the judgment creditor intends to satisfy the judgment against the judgment debtor out of the judgment debtor's personal property held by a third party and that the judgment debtor has the right to claim certain property as exempt.
C.R.S. § 13-1-123.5 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 1 / Part 1 / Section 13-1-123.5
13-1-123.5. Transfer of venue - actions involving related persons
Status: in_force

13-1-123.5. Transfer of venue - actions involving related persons. In addition to the authority to change venue granted by sections 19-2.5-104 and 19-3-201 for good cause shown, a court, on its own motion, on the motion of another court in this state, or on the motion of a party or guardian ad litem, may order the transfer of a pending action brought pursuant to title 14 or title 19 or rule 365 of the Colorado rules of county court civil procedure to a court in another county when there is an action pending in the other county that names the parent, guardian, or legal custodian of a child who is the subject of the action brought pursuant to title 14 or title 19. The county to which the action is being transferred must be one in which venue is proper. Upon an order for such transfer, the transferring court shall notify all parties of the transfer and transmit all documents to the receiving court. The transferred action continues in the court to which it is transferred with the same force and effect as though originally docketed in the receiving court.
C.R.S. § 13-40-122 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 40 / Section 13-40-122
13-40-122. Writ of restitution after judgment - definitions
Status: in_force

13-40-122. Writ of restitution after judgment - definitions. (1) (a) A court shall not issue a writ of restitution upon any judgment entered in any action pursuant to this article 40 until forty-eight hours after the time of the entry of the judgment. If the writ of restitution concerns a residential tenant who receives supplemental security income, social security disability insurance under Title II of the federal "Social Security Act", 42 U.S.C. sec. 401 et seq., as amended, or cash assistance through the Colorado works program created in part 7 of article 2 of title 26, the writ must specify that the writ is not executable for thirty days after entry of judgment pursuant to subsection (1)(b) of this section; except in the case:

(I) In which a court has ordered a judgment for possession for a substantial violation pursuant to section 13-40-107.5; or

(II) Of a landlord with five or fewer single-family rental homes and no more than five total rental units including any single-family homes.

(b) A writ of restitution must be executed by the officer having the same only in the daytime and between sunrise and sunset, and the officer shall not execute a writ of restitution concerning a residential tenancy until at least ten days after entry of the judgment; except that the officer shall not execute a writ of restitution concerning a residential tenancy until at least thirty days after entry of judgment if the residential tenant receives supplemental security income, social security disability insurance under Title II of the federal "Social Security Act", 42 U.S.C. sec. 401 et seq., as amended, or cash assistance through the Colorado works program created in part 7 of article 2 of title 26, as specified in the writ; except in the case:

(I) In which a court has ordered a judgment for possession for a substantial violation pursuant to section 13-40-107.5; or

(II) Of a landlord with five or fewer single-family rental homes and no more than five total rental units including any single-family homes.

(c) Any writ of restitution governed by this section may be executed by the county sheriff's office in which the property is located by a sheriff, undersheriff, or deputy sheriff, as described in section 16-2.5-103 (1) or (2), while off duty or on duty at rates charged by the employing sheriff's office in accordance with section 30-1-104 (1)(gg).

(2) The officer that executes a writ of restitution under subsection (1) of this section and the law enforcement agency that employs such officer shall be immune from civil liability for any damage to a tenant's personal property that was removed from the premises during the execution of the writ. A landlord who complies with the lawful directions of the officer executing a writ of restitution shall be immune from civil and criminal liability for any act or omission related to a tenant's personal property that was removed from the premises during or after the execution of a writ of restitution.

(2.5) (a) (I) Notwithstanding subsections (3) and (4) of this section, the officer that executes a writ of restitution under subsection (1) of this section shall immediately inspect the premises for any pet animals.

(II) If the tenant is present on the premises at the time the writ of restitution is being executed, the officer shall give any pet animals found during the inspection required by subsection (2.5)(a)(I) of this section to the tenant.

(III) If the tenant is not present on the premises at the time the writ of restitution is being executed and there are any pet animals found during the inspection required by subsection (2.5)(a)(I) of this section, the officer shall contact the local authority in charge of animal control to take custody of the pet animals. The landlord shall provide the local authority in charge of animal control access to the premises to remove or secure the pet animals in a timely manner and provide the name and contact information of the tenant, if available. The landlord shall post notice at the premises in a visible place with the name and contact information of the organization where the pet animals have been taken and, upon request of the tenant, shall provide the tenant with the name and contact information of the organization where the pet animals have been taken.

(b) No pet animal shall be removed from the premises during the execution of a writ of restitution and left unattended on public or private property.

(c) As used in this section, unless the context otherwise requires, "pet animal" has the same meaning as set forth in section 35-80-102 (10).

(3) A landlord has no duty to store or maintain a tenant's personal property that is removed from the premises during or after the execution of a writ of restitution. Regardless of whether a landlord elects to store or maintain the personal property so removed, the landlord shall have no duty to inventory the personal property or to determine ownership of or the condition of the personal property. Such storage shall not create either an implied or express bailment of the personal property, and the landlord shall be immune from liability for any loss or damage to the personal property.

(4) A landlord who elects to store a tenant's personal property that was removed from the premises during or after the execution of a writ of restitution may charge the tenant the reasonable costs of storing the personal property. To recover such costs, the landlord may either dispose of the personal property under any lien rights the landlord has under part 1 of article 20 of title 38, C.R.S., or the landlord may allow the tenant to recover the personal property after paying the reasonable storage charges incurred by the landlord.
C.R.S. § 13-5-117 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 5 / Part 1 / Section 13-5-117
13-5-117. Sixteenth district
Status: in_force

13-5-117. Sixteenth district. (1) The sixteenth judicial district shall be composed of the counties of Bent, Crowley, and Otero.

(2) The number of judges for the sixteenth judicial district shall be two.
C.R.S. § 13-5-141 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 5 / Part 1 / Section 13-5-141
13-5-141. Compilation - sentences received upon conviction of felony
Status: in_force

13-5-141. Compilation - sentences received upon conviction of felony. (1) The state court administrator's office shall, by March 1 and by September 1 of each year, prepare and make available to the public at each district court, for a reasonable charge, a compilation of the sentences imposed in felony cases by each judge in each district court. Such compilation shall include:

(a) The name of each judge;

(b) The name of each offender and a description of the crime for which he was convicted;

(c) The sentence imposed by each such judge for each such felony case; and

(d) A statement that complete information concerning aggravating and mitigating factors, plea and sentence concessions, and other sentencing considerations is available in the court file. As soon as practical, such information shall be included in the compilation.
C.R.S. § 13-5.7-203 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 5.7 / Part 2 / Section 13-5.7-203
13-5.7-203. General powers
Status: in_force

13-5.7-203. General powers. (1) In addition to any other powers granted to the authority in this part 2, the authority has the following powers:

(a) To have the duties, privileges, immunities, rights, liabilities, and disabilities of a body corporate and political subdivision of the state;

(b) To have perpetual existence and succession;

(c) To adopt, have, and use a seal and to alter the same at its pleasure;

(d) To sue and be sued;

(e) To enter into any contract or agreement not inconsistent with this part 2 or the laws of the state;

(f) To purchase, lease, lease with an option to purchase, trade, exchange, or otherwise acquire, maintain, hold, improve, mortgage, encumber, and dispose of real property and personal property, whether tangible or intangible, and any interest, including easements and rights-of-way, without restriction or limitation;

(g) To acquire office space, equipment, services, supplies, and insurance necessary to carry out the purposes of this part 2;

(h) To deposit any money of the authority in any banking institution or in any depository authorized pursuant to section 24-75-603, and to appoint, for the purpose of making such deposits, one or more persons to act as custodians of the money of the authority, who shall give surety bonds in such amounts and form and for such purposes as the board requires;

(i) To contract for and to accept any gifts, grants, and loans of funds, property, or any other aid in any form from the federal government, the state, any state agency, or any other source, or any combination thereof, and to comply, subject to the provisions of this part 2, with the terms and conditions of such contracts or the acceptance of such items;

(j) To have and exercise all rights and powers necessary or incidental to or implied from the specific powers granted in this part 2, which specific powers shall not be considered as a limitation upon any power necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes and intent of this part 2;

(k) To fix the time and place or places at which its regular and special meetings are to be held;

(l) To elect one member as chairperson of the board and another member as vice-chairperson of the board and to elect one or more members as secretary and treasurer of the board and elect or appoint such other officers as the board may determine and provide for their duties and terms of office;

(m) To appoint agents, employees, and professional and business advisers, including real estate professionals, construction companies, property managers, attorneys, accountants, and financial advisers as may from time to time be necessary in the authority's judgment to accomplish the purposes of this part 2, and to fix the compensation of such agents, employees, and advisers, and to establish the powers and duties of all agents, employees, and advisers, as well as any other person contracting with the authority to provide services, including termination of employment or the contract for services;

(n) To make and execute agreements, contracts, and other instruments necessary or convenient in the exercise of the powers and functions of the authority pursuant to this part 2, including, but not limited to, contracts with any person, firm, corporation, municipality, state agency, county, or other entity. All municipalities, counties, and state agencies may enter into and do all things necessary to perform any such arrangement or contract with the authority.

(o) Other powers necessary to accomplish the authority's specific goals as required pursuant to this part 2.
C.R.S. § 13-1-129 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 1 / Part 1 / Section 13-1-129
13-1-129. Preferential trial dates
Status: in_force

13-1-129. Preferential trial dates. (1) In any civil action filed in any court of record in this state, the court shall grant a motion for a preferential trial date which is accompanied by clear and convincing medical evidence concluding that a party suffers from an illness or condition raising substantial medical doubt of survival of that party beyond one year and which satisfies the court that the interests of justice will be served by granting such motion for a preferential trial date.

(2) In any civil action filed in any court of record in this state, the court may grant a motion for a preferential trial date upon the motion of a party who is a natural person at least seventy years of age and a finding by the court that such claim is meritorious, unless the court finds that such party does not have a substantial interest in the case as a whole.

(3) A motion under this section may be filed and served at any time when the case is at issue and a party meets the requirements of subsection (1) or (2) of this section.

(4) Upon the granting of a motion for a preferential trial date, the court shall set the case for trial not more than one hundred nineteen days from the date the motion was filed. The court shall establish an accelerated discovery schedule in all such cases. No continuance shall be granted beyond the one-hundred-nineteen-day period except for physical or mental disability of a party or a party's attorney or upon a showing of other good cause. Any such continuance shall be for no more than one hundred nineteen days, and only one such continuance shall be granted to a party.
C.R.S. § 13-5.3-102 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 5.3 / Section 13-5.3-102
13-5.3-102. Commission on judicial discipline - powers and duties
Status: in_force

13-5.3-102. Commission on judicial discipline - powers and duties. (1) Pursuant to section 23 (3) of article VI of the Colorado constitution, the Colorado commission on judicial discipline is established as an independent commission housed within the department.

(a) Members of the commission are appointed and serve pursuant to section 23 (3)(a) and (3)(b) of article VI of the Colorado constitution.

(b) (I) The supreme court shall select the members of the commission who are judges of the district courts and judges of county courts from among the nominee pools created by the state court administrator pursuant to subsection (2)(b)(II) of this section; except that when making its selections, the supreme court shall ensure that the commission does not include more than one district judge from any one judicial district and not more than one county judge from any one county.

(II) (A) Upon a vacancy of a district judge member of the commission, the state court administrator shall create a district judge nominee pool that consists of ten district judges randomly selected by the state court administrator, or the administrator's designee, from among all district judges of the state not currently a member of the commission.

(B) Upon a vacancy of a county judge member of the commission, the state court administrator shall create a county judge nominee pool that consists of ten county judges randomly selected by the state court administrator, or the administrator's designee, from among all county judges of the state not currently a member of the commission.

(C) When creating the nominee pool, the state court administrator or the administrator's designee shall only include judges who do not have a current disciplinary investigation or proceeding pending before the commission or judicial discipline adjudicative board; have not received a disciplinary sanction from the commission, judicial discipline adjudicative board, or supreme court; and are not otherwise required by law, court rule, or judicial canon to recuse themselves from the commission. The random selection of judges to a nominee pool is a purely administrative function.

(3) The commission shall:

(a) Investigate and resolve requests for evaluation of potential judicial misconduct in accordance with the Colorado constitution, the rules, and this article 5.3;

(b) Appoint an executive director of the office of judicial discipline;

(c) Establish positions, roles, and minimum starting salaries for employees of the office;

(d) Hire employees of the office who serve at the pleasure of the commission. Employees of the office may include clerical assistants; attorneys who serve as special counsel; and investigators.

(e) Employ attorneys or appoint outside special counsel pursuant to sections 24-31-101 (1)(g) and 24-31-111 who serve at the pleasure of the commission; assign duties to special counsel at the discretion of the commission, which may include serving as representatives of the people of the state of Colorado in formal proceedings; and determine the compensation of special counsel; and

(f) Approve a budget for the commission and the office and assist the executive director in managing the office and providing fiscal oversight of the office's operating budget.

(4) Commissioners are immune from suit in any action, civil or criminal, based upon official acts performed in good faith as commissioners consistent with the "Colorado Governmental Immunity Act", article 10 of title 24.
C.R.S. § 13-56-104 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 56 / Part 1 / Section 13-56-104
13-56-104. Recorder to file and record
Status: in_force

13-56-104. Recorder to file and record. It is the duty of the recorder of the proper county to file and record the certificates mentioned in this part 1 in a book to be kept for that purpose, for which he shall be entitled to the same fees as for recording other papers, to be paid by the plaintiff in such execution or attachment and taxed and collected by the sheriff as other costs.
C.R.S. § 13-50-105 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 50 / Section 13-50-105
13-50-105. Actions by and against partnerships and associations - what property bound by ju
Status: in_force

13-50-105. Actions by and against partnerships and associations - what property bound by judgment. A partnership or other unincorporated association may sue or be sued in an action in its common name to enforce for or against it a substantive right; except that in such action only the property of the partnership or other unincorporated association, the joint property of the associates, and the separate property of any individual member thereof who is named as a party individually and over whom individually the court has acquired jurisdiction either by entry of appearance or by service of process may be bound by the judgment therein.
C.R.S. § 13-93-115 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 93 / Part 1 / Section 13-93-115
13-93-115. Other property to which lien attaches
Status: in_force

13-93-115. Other property to which lien attaches. An attorney has a lien for a general balance of compensation upon any papers of his or her client that have come into his or her possession in the course of his or her professional employment and upon money due to his or her client in the hands of the adverse party in an action or proceeding in which the attorney was employed from the time of giving notice of the lien to that party.
C.R.S. § 13-95-109 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 95 / Section 13-95-109
13-95-109. Reporting requirements
Status: in_force

13-95-109. Reporting requirements. (1) On or before November 1 of each year, the office shall report to the joint budget committee, or any successor committee, about the office's work and administration of the bridges court liaison program and bridges wraparound care program during the prior year. The report must include:

(a) The number and competency status of cases in the past year when a bridges court liaison was appointed and outcomes in those cases related to the legislative intent and statewide goals of the office, as set forth in this article 95, including data related to alternatives to competency services, alternatives to custody, and alternatives to criminal justice system involvement;

(b) Information concerning the use of money from the bridges of Colorado program participant service fund, including a summary of how money from the fund is being used to alleviate system gaps and barriers to services; and

(c) The number of participants and status of cases in the past year when a bridges wraparound care coordinator was appointed and the outcomes of the cases related to the legislative intent and statewide goals of the office, as set forth in article 8.6 of title 16, including data related to alternatives to competency services, alternatives to custody, and alternatives to criminal justice system involvement.

(2) Notwithstanding section 24-1-136 (11)(a)(I), the reporting requirement described in this section continues indefinitely.
C.R.S. § 13-14.5-101 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 14.5 / Section 13-14.5-101
13-14.5-101. Short title
Status: in_force

13-14.5-101. Short title. The short title of this article 14.5 is the "Deputy Zackari Parrish III Violence Prevention Act".
C.R.S. § 13-54-101 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 54 / Section 13-54-101
13-54-101. Definitions
Status: repealed

13-54-101. Definitions. As used in this article, unless the context otherwise requires:

(1) "Debtor" means a person whose property or earnings are subject to attachment, execution, or garnishment.

(2) "Dependent" means a person who receives more than one-half of his support from the debtor.

(2.5) "Disabled debtor", "disabled spouse", or "disabled dependent" means a debtor, spouse, or dependent who has a physical or mental impairment that is disabling and that, because of other factors such as age, training, experience, or social setting, substantially precludes the debtor, spouse, or dependent from engaging in a useful occupation as a homemaker, a wage-earner, or a self-employed person in any employment that exists in the community for which he or she has competence.

(3) Repealed.

(3.5) "Elderly debtor", "elderly spouse", or "elderly dependent" means a debtor, spouse, or dependent who is sixty years of age or older.

(4) "Household goods" means, by way of illustration, household furniture, furnishings, dishes, utensils, cutlery, tableware, napery, pictures, prints, appliances, stoves, microwave ovens, beds and bedding, freezers, refrigerators, washing machines, dryers, exercise equipment, musical instruments, bicycles, sewing machines, toys, and home electronics, including but not limited to cameras, television sets, radios, stereos, computers, facsimile machines, telephones, and other audio and video equipment.

(5) "Value" means the fair market value of any property less the amount of any lien thereon valid as between the owner of the property and the holder of any such lien.
C.R.S. § 13-71-102 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 71 / Section 13-71-102
13-71-102. Definitions
Status: in_force

13-71-102. Definitions. As used in this article, unless the context otherwise requires:

(1) "Clerk" and "clerk of the court" include any deputy clerk or the jury commissioner.

(2) "Court" means a district or county court of this state and includes any judge of the court.

(2.5) "Juror service" means the period of time during which a person is committed to serving upon a jury, from the time the person reports and checks in on his or her designated reporting date through and until he or she is released by the court or by the jury commissioner. "Juror service" includes any time that a person spends in the jury selection process and any time that a person spends in a trial.

(3) "Juror wheel" means any electronic automated system for the storage of the names or identifying numbers of prospective jurors.

(4) "Master juror list" means the voter registration lists for the county, which shall be supplemented with names from other sources prescribed pursuant to section 13-71-107 in order to foster the policy and protect the rights secured by this article.

(5) "Master juror wheel" means the juror wheel in which are placed names or identifying numbers of prospective jurors taken from the master list.

(6) "Voter registration lists" means the official records of persons registered to vote in the most recent general election.
C.R.S. § 13-40-102 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 40 / Section 13-40-102
13-40-102. Forcible entry prohibited
Status: in_force

13-40-102. Forcible entry prohibited. No person shall enter into or upon any real property, except in cases where entry is allowed by law, and in such cases not with strong hand or with a multitude of people, but only in a peaceable manner.
C.R.S. § 13-52-102 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 52 / Section 13-52-102
13-52-102. Property subject to execution - lien - real estate
Status: in_force

13-52-102. Property subject to execution - lien - real estate. (1) All goods and chattels, lands, tenements, and real estate of every person against whom any judgment is obtained in any court of record in this state, either at law or in equity, or against whom any foreign judgment is filed with the clerk of any court of this state in accordance with the provisions of the "Uniform Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Act" pursuant to article 53 of this title, which judgment, in either case, is for any debt, damages, costs, or other sum of money are liable to be sold on execution to be issued upon such judgment. A transcript of the judgment record of such judgment, certified by the clerk of such court, may be recorded in any county; and from the time of recording such transcript, and not before, the judgment shall become a lien upon all the real estate, not exempt from execution in the county where such transcript of judgment is recorded, owned by such judgment debtor or which such judgment debtor may afterwards acquire in such county, until such lien expires. The lien of such judgment shall expire six years after the entry of judgment unless, prior to the expiration of such six-year period, such judgment is revived as provided by law and a transcript of the judgment record of such revived judgment, certified by the clerk of the court in which such revived judgment was entered, is recorded in the same county in which the transcript of the original judgment was recorded, in which event the lien shall continue for six years from the entry of the revived judgment. A lien may be obtained with respect to a revived judgment in the same manner as an original judgment and the lien of a revived judgment may be continued in the same manner as the lien of an original judgment. The lien of any judgment shall expire if the judgment is satisfied or considered as satisfied as provided in this section. The lien created by recording a notice of lien of a judgment for child support or maintenance or arrears thereof or child support debt pursuant to section 14-10-122, C.R.S., shall be governed by such section. The lien created by recording a transcript of an order for restitution pursuant to section 16-18.5-104 (5)(a), C.R.S., shall be governed by article 18.5 of title 16, C.R.S.

(2) (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this subsection (2), execution may issue on any judgment described in subsection (1) of this section to enforce the same at any time within twenty years from the entry thereof, but not afterwards, unless revived as provided by law, and, after twenty years from the entry of final judgment in any court of this state, the judgment shall be considered as satisfied in full, unless so revived.

(b) (I) With respect to judgments entered in county courts on or after July 1, 1981, the time limitation within which execution may issue is six years from the entry thereof, but not afterwards, unless revived as provided by law, and, after six years from the entry of final judgment in any county court of this state, the judgment shall be considered as satisfied in full, unless so revived.

(II) The twenty-year limitation contained in paragraph (a) of this subsection (2) shall not apply to judgments entered for restitution pursuant to article 18.5 of title 16, C.R.S. Execution may issue on judgments for restitution at any time until paid in full.

(c) If, after the date that a transcript of judgment is recorded in a county, some portion or all of such county is merged with, annexed to, or otherwise becomes part of some other county or city and county, whether then existing or newly formed, then:

(I) It shall not be necessary to record the transcript of judgment in such other county or city and county in order to continue the lien of the judgment and the priority thereof as to any real estate that the judgment debtor acquired before or acquires after the date of recording of the transcript of judgment if such real estate was in the county in which the transcript of judgment was recorded on or after the date of recording of the transcript of judgment; and

(II) If such judgment is revived as provided by law, timely recording of a transcript of the revived judgment in such other county or city and county is necessary to continue the lien of the original judgment and the priority thereof with respect to any real estate that was in the county in which the transcript of the original judgment was recorded on or after the date of recording the transcript of the original judgment but, at the time of recording of the transcript of the revived judgment, is in such other county or city and county.

(3) The term "real estate" as used in this section includes all interests of the defendant or any person to his use held or claimed by virtue of any deed, bond, covenant, or otherwise for a conveyance or as mortgagor of lands in fee, for life, or for years.

(4) (a) Any person, including a title insurance company as defined by article 11 of title 10, C.R.S., who makes representations concerning the existence of any judgment lien on the real property of another shall have the duty to make a bona fide good faith effort, prior to the making of such representations, to determine whether the person against whom the judgment was obtained is the same person as the person who holds an interest in the real property which is the subject of the representation. If a bona fide good faith effort is made and such effort fails to disclose satisfactory information as to whether or not the person against whom the judgment was obtained is the same person as the person who holds an interest in the real property which is the subject of the representation, then, in that event, the person or title insurance company who makes the representation may require the person who holds an interest in the real property which is the subject of the representation to provide satisfactory evidence or information that he is not the same person as the judgment debtor.

(b) Any person, including a title insurance company as defined by article 11 of title 10, C.R.S., who makes representations concerning the existence of any judgment lien on the real property of another without making a bona fide good faith effort, prior to the making of such representations, to determine whether the person against whom the judgment was obtained is the same person as the person who holds an interest in the real property which is the subject of the representation is liable to any person damaged by the failure to make such effort in a sum of not less than one hundred dollars nor more than one thousand dollars for his actual and exemplary damages. The prevailing party shall recover the costs of the action together with reasonable attorney fees, as determined by the court. No action pursuant to this paragraph (b) shall be brought more than one year after the date of the representation concerning the existence of the judgment lien.

(c) As used in this subsection (4), "bona fide good faith effort" means honesty in fact in the effort to discover and determine the actual and true identity of the judgment debtor against whom the judgment lien attaches. The effort shall include but need not be limited to an examination of the judgment debtor's social security number, his driver's license, his address, his birth record, and the court record in the action which resulted in the judgment lien, if available.
C.R.S. § 13-3-117 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 3 / Section 13-3-117
13-3-117. State court administrator - automatic conviction sealing
Status: in_force

13-3-117. State court administrator - automatic conviction sealing. (1) (a) The state court administrator shall compile a list of drug convictions pursuant to article 18 of title 18:

(I) That are eligible for sealing pursuant to sections 24-72-703 and 24-72-706; and

(II) (A) If the drug conviction is for a petty offense or misdemeanor, that seven years have passed since the disposition of the case; or

(B) If the drug conviction is for a felony, that at least ten years have passed since the disposition of the case.

(a.5) The state court administrator shall compile a list of eligible convictions, excluding crimes pursuant to section 24-4.1-302 (1):

(I) That are eligible for sealing pursuant to sections 24-72-703 and 24-72-706; and

(II) (A) If the judgment is for a civil infraction, that four years have passed since the final disposition of the case;

(B) If the conviction is for a petty offense or misdemeanor, that at least seven years have passed since the final disposition of the case; and

(C) If the conviction is for an eligible felony, that at least ten years have passed since the date of the final disposition of all criminal proceedings against the defendant or the release of the defendant from supervision concerning a criminal conviction, whichever is later.

(b) The state court administrator shall use the state conviction database and the conviction databases of entities that do not report convictions to the state database to compile the list. The state court administrator shall compile the list based on a name-based review with sufficient points of reference for identification validation as determined by the state court administrator. The state court administrator must only include convictions on the list if sufficient points of validation, as determined by the state court administrator, are present. The state court administrator shall not include any case in which there is no final disposition on all charges in the case. The state court administrator shall not include any judgments for which the defendant has an intervening judgment during the four-year waiting period if the judgement is for a civil infraction and shall not include any convictions for which the defendant has an intervening conviction during the seven-year waiting period if the conviction is for a petty offense or misdemeanor or during the ten-year waiting period if the conviction is for a felony. The state court administrator shall sort the list by judicial district of conviction.

(c) The state court administrator shall compile the initial list pursuant to this subsection (1) by February 1, 2024, and the court shall seal all conviction records eligible for sealing pursuant to the final list compiled pursuant to subsection (3)(a) of this section based on the initial list by July 1, 2024.

(d) Beginning July 1, 2024, the state court administrator shall compile a list of drug convictions, misdemeanors, and petty offenses that are eligible pursuant to this subsection (1) on a quarterly basis. The state court administrator shall include the eligible felony convictions not found in article 18 of title 18 pursuant to subsection (1)(a.5) of this section beginning on July 1, 2025.

(2) The state court administrator shall forward the list compiled pursuant to subsection (1) of this section to each district attorney, except for civil infractions. The state court administrator shall send the list of civil infractions to be sealed with the final list pursuant to subsection (3)(b) of this section to the chief judge for each judicial district.

(3) (a) (I) Upon receipt of the list from the state court administrator, each elected district attorney, or his or her designee, may, within forty-five days, object to the inclusion of a conviction on the list for circumstances in which a condition of the plea was that the defendant agreed to not have the conviction record sealed, convictions in which the defendant has a pending criminal charge, an intervening conviction, or convictions that are ineligible for sealing.

(II) For a felony conviction for an offense not in article 18 of title 18, in addition to the objections in subsection (3)(a)(I) of this section, each district attorney may, within forty-five days, object when the district attorney has a reasonable belief, grounded in supporting facts, that the public interest and public safety in retaining public access to the current record or case outweighs the privacy interest of, or adverse consequences to, the defendant.

(III) Each district attorney shall file a notice with the court in the criminal case that is the subject of the record without the need for additional service on any party, noting the basis of the objection.

(IV) For objections pursuant to subsection (3)(a)(II) of this section, the notice must explain the basis for the objection and include any available supporting documents. In such cases, the court shall serve notice on the defendant at the defendant's last-known address and explain in plain language that the defendant may request a hearing on the matter. If the defendant requests a hearing, the court shall proceed pursuant to section 24-72-706.

(V) The state court administrator shall remove the convictions objected to by the district attorneys from the list, if any, and then compile each of the lists into one final list and sort the convictions by judicial district. All convictions from the initial lists shall be included unless objected to within the forty-five-day period as ineligible under subsection (3)(a)(I), (3)(a)(II), or (3)(a)(III) of this section.

(b) (I) The state court administrator shall send the final list compiled pursuant to subsection (3)(a)(V) of this section to the chief judge for the judicial district. The courts of that judicial district shall enter sealing orders based on the list received within fourteen days after receipt of the amended list from the state court administrator.

(II) [Editor's note: This version of subsection (3)(b)(II) is effective until July 1, 2025.] The district court shall send a copy of the sealing order to the district attorney's office that prosecuted the case to facilitate sealing of the records held by the district attorney's offices. The court shall also send a copy to the state court administrator for purposes of subsections (3)(b)(III) and (3)(c) of this section.

(II) [Editor's note: This version of subsection (3)(b)(II) is effective July 1, 2025.] The district court shall send a copy of the sealing order to the district attorney's office that prosecuted the case to facilitate sealing of the records held by the district attorney's offices. The court shall also send a copy to the state court administrator for purposes of subsections (3)(b)(III) and (3)(c) of this section. To protect defendant confidentiality, a copy shall not be mailed to the defendant, notwithstanding any Colorado criminal rule of procedure to the contrary.

(III) The state court administrator shall electronically send all orders sealing records pursuant to this subsection (3)(b) to the Colorado bureau of investigation using an information-sharing data transfer to facilitate sealing of the records held by the Colorado bureau of investigation.

(IV) The defendant may obtain a copy of the sealing order pursuant to section 24-72-703 (2)(c) and serve the sealing order on any custodian of the records pursuant to section 24-72-703 (8), including the law enforcement agency that investigated the case.

(c) On or before July 1, 2024, the state court administrator shall develop a website that allows a defendant to confidentially determine whether the defendant's conviction has been sealed pursuant to this section and information about how to receive a copy of the sealing order.

(4) (a) On or before February 1, 2024, and on or before January 1 each year thereafter, the state court administrator shall report to the judiciary committees of the senate and the house of representatives, or their successor committees, by judicial district and, to the extent possible, with data disaggregated by race and sex and by offense level, the number of conviction records in the prior calendar year that:

(I) Were considered for automatic record sealing;

(II) The state court administrator sent to the chief judges for each judicial district; and

(III) The district attorneys objected to due to:

(A) Intervening convictions;

(B) The ineligibility of the offense;

(C) Pending charges;

(D) Plea agreements waiving the right to record sealing; and

(E) Objections pursuant to subsection (3)(a)(II) of this section.

(b) Notwithstanding section 24-1-136 (11)(a)(I), the report required in this subsection (4) continues indefinitely.

(c) During the 2023 and 2024 legislative sessions, the judicial department shall report on the progress of its implementation of this section, including the creation of the website pursuant to subsection (3)(c) of this section, as part of the department's "State Measurement for Accountable, Responsive, and Transparent (SMART) Government Act" hearing required by section 2-7-203.

(5) [Editor's note: Subsection (5) is effective July 1, 2025.]

(a) On or before July 1, 2025, the state court administrator shall compile a list of all criminal justice records of deferred judgments that have been successfully completed and the charges have been dismissed, acquittals, and diversion cases pursuant to section 24-72-705 (1)(a) with dispositions prior to August 2022. The state court administrator shall sort those criminal justice records by judicial district and send the final list to the chief judge of each judicial district.

(b) (I) The state court administrator shall send the final list compiled pursuant to subsection (5)(a) of this section to the chief judge for the judicial district. The courts of that judicial district shall enter sealing orders based on the list received within fourteen days after receipt of the final list from the state court administrator.

(II) The district court shall send a copy of the sealing order to the district attorney's office that prosecuted the case, and upon receipt of the order the district attorney's office shall seal the records held by it. The court shall also send a copy to the state court administrator for purposes of subsection (5)(b)(III) of this section. To protect defendant confidentiality, a copy shall not be mailed to the defendant, notwithstanding any Colorado criminal rule of procedure to the contrary.

(III) The state court administrator shall electronically send all orders sealing records pursuant to this subsection (5)(b) to the Colorado bureau of investigation using an information-sharing data transfer. Upon receipt of the orders, the Colorado bureau of investigation shall seal all records held by the orders.

(IV) The defendant may obtain a copy of the sealing order pursuant to section 24-72-703 (2)(c) and serve the sealing order on any custodian of the records pursuant to section 24-72-703 (8), including the law enforcement agency that investigated the case.
C.R.S. § 13-22-224 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 22 / Part 2 / Section 13-22-224
13-22-224. Modification or correction of award
Status: in_force

13-22-224. Modification or correction of award. (1) Upon motion made within ninety-one days after the movant receives notice of the award pursuant to section 13-22-219 or within ninety-one days after the movant receives notice of a modified or corrected award pursuant to section 13-22-220, the court shall modify or correct the award if:

(a) There is an evident mathematical miscalculation or an evident mistake in the description of a person, thing, or property referred to in the award;

(b) The arbitrator has made an award on a claim not submitted to the arbitrator and the award may be corrected without affecting the merits of the decision upon the claims submitted; or

(c) The award is imperfect in a matter of form not affecting the merits of the decision on the claims submitted.

(2) If a motion made under subsection (1) of this section is granted, the court shall modify or correct and confirm the award as modified or corrected. Otherwise, unless a motion to vacate is pending, the court shall confirm the award.

(3) A motion to modify or correct an award pursuant to this section may be joined with a motion to vacate the award.
C.R.S. § 13-5.3-113 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 5.3 / Section 13-5.3-113
13-5.3-113. Judicial discipline adjudicative board - administrative support
Status: in_force

13-5.3-113. Judicial discipline adjudicative board - administrative support. When a panel of the judicial discipline adjudicative board convenes pursuant to section 23 (3) of article VI of the Colorado constitution, the judge member of the panel is responsible for providing administrative support necessary to facilitate the panel's hearings. With any necessary approval from the chief judge of a district court, the panel judge may use the judge's own staff to provide the administrative support or, if necessary, staff of other judges in the judge's district or another district may provide the support. Staff from the same district as the respondent judge in the proceeding shall not provide administrative support to the panel.
C.R.S. § 13-32-114 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 32 / Section 13-32-114
13-32-114. Judicial department information technology cash fund - creation - uses
Status: repealed

13-32-114. Judicial department information technology cash fund - creation - uses. (1) There is hereby created in the state treasury the judicial department information technology cash fund, which shall be referred to in this section as the "fund". The judicial department shall transmit to the state treasurer for deposit in the fund all fees and cost recoveries, which are not otherwise required by law to be deposited in another fund, related to:

(a) Electronic filings;

(b) Network access and searches of court databases;

(c) Electronic searches of court records; and

(d) Any other information technology services.

(2) The moneys in the fund shall be subject to annual appropriation by the general assembly to the judicial department for any expenses related to the department's information technology needs. Any moneys in the fund not expended for the purpose of this section may be invested by the state treasurer as provided in section 24-36-113, C.R.S. All interest and income derived from the investment and deposit of moneys in the fund shall be credited to the fund. Any unexpended and unencumbered moneys remaining in the fund at the end of any fiscal year shall remain in the fund and shall not be credited or transferred to the general fund or any other fund.

(3) Repealed.

(4) In addition to the money deposited in the fund pursuant to subsection (1) of this section, the fund consists of money transferred to the fund from the revenue loss restoration cash fund pursuant to section 24-75-227 (3.5) and money transferred to the fund from the ARPA refinance state money cash fund pursuant to section 24-75-226.5. Money transferred to the fund as described in this subsection (4) is subject to annual appropriation by the general assembly to the judicial department for information technology infrastructure upgrades from the 2022-23 fiscal year through December 31, 2026; except that all such transferred money that originates from money the state received from the federal coronavirus state fiscal recovery fund must be expended or obligated by the judicial department prior to December 31, 2024.
C.R.S. § 13-3-105 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 3 / Section 13-3-105
13-3-105. Personnel - duties - qualifications - compensation - conditions of employment
Status: in_force

13-3-105. Personnel - duties - qualifications - compensation - conditions of employment. (1) The supreme court, pursuant to section 5 (3) of article VI of the state constitution, shall prescribe, by rule, a personnel classification plan for all courts of record to be funded by the state, as provided in section 13-3-104.

(2) Such personnel classification and compensation plan shall include:

(a) A basic compensation plan of pay ranges to which classes of positions are assigned and may be reassigned;

(b) The qualifications for each position or class of positions, including education, experience, special skills, and legal knowledge;

(c) An outline of the duties to be performed in each position or class of positions;

(d) The classification of all positions based on the required qualifications and the duties to be performed, taking into account, where applicable, the amount and kinds of judicial business in each court of record subject to the provisions of this section;

(e) The number of full-time and part-time positions, by position title and classification, in each court of record subject to the provisions of this section;

(f) The procedures for and the regulations governing the appointment and removal of court personnel; and

(g) The procedures for and regulations governing the promotion or transfer of court personnel.

(3) The supreme court shall also prescribe by rule:

(a) The amount, terms, and conditions of sick leave and vacation time for court personnel, including annual allowance and accumulation thereof; and

(b) Hours of work and other conditions of employment.

(4) To the end that all state employees are treated generally in a similar manner, the supreme court, in promulgating rules as set forth in this section, shall take into consideration the compensation and classification plans, vacation and sick leave provisions, and other conditions of employment applicable to employees of the executive and legislative departments.
C.R.S. § 13-1-110 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 1 / Part 1 / Section 13-1-110
13-1-110. Appeal bond defective or insufficient
Status: in_force

13-1-110. Appeal bond defective or insufficient. If, at any time pending an appeal in any action, suit, or other proceeding, it appears to the appellate court that the appeal bond or undertaking is defective or insufficient or that any surety thereon has died, or has removed or is about to remove from this state, or has become or is likely to become insolvent, such appellate court shall order another appeal bond or undertaking, or such other and further security as to the appellate court seems proper, if the appellant or his attorney of record has been served with at least twenty-four hours' written notice of an application of the appellee for such order. If the appellant fails to comply with said order within ten days after the making of the same, the appeal shall be dismissed.
C.R.S. § 13-25-128 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 25 / Section 13-25-128
13-25-128. Rules of evidence - grant of authority subject to reservation
Status: in_force

13-25-128. Rules of evidence - grant of authority subject to reservation. The supreme court of the state of Colorado shall have the power to prescribe general rules of evidence for the courts of record in the state of Colorado. Such rules of evidence shall be construed to be rules of practice and procedure and shall not be construed in such manner that such rules would fix, abridge, enlarge, modify, or diminish any substantive rights. The general assembly specifically reserves to itself the power to enact laws relating to substantive rights including, but not limited to, laws modifying or eliminating said rules of evidence.
C.R.S. § 13-80-103.8 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 80 / Section 13-80-103.8
13-80-103.8. Limitation of civil forfeiture actions related to criminal acts
Status: in_force

13-80-103.8. Limitation of civil forfeiture actions related to criminal acts. (1) The following actions shall be commenced within five years after the cause of action accrues, and not thereafter:

(a) All actions brought pursuant to section 12-145-113 (2);

(b) All actions brought pursuant to part 3 of article 13 of title 16, C.R.S.;

(c) All actions brought pursuant to part 5 of article 13 of title 16, C.R.S.;

(d) All civil actions brought pursuant to article 17 of title 18, C.R.S.;

(e) All civil actions brought pursuant to section 42-5-107, C.R.S.

(2) A cause of action shall be deemed to have accrued pursuant to subsection (1) of this section at such time as the alleged offense or conduct giving rise to the claim was discovered. If, when a cause of action accrues against a person pursuant to subsection (1) of this section, such person is out of this state and not subject to service of process or has concealed himself, or the property which is the subject of such a cause of action is concealed or absent from this state, the period limited for the commencement of the action by the statute of limitations pursuant to this section shall not begin to run until such person comes into this state or such property is no longer out of this state or concealed. If, after the cause of action accrues, such person departs from this state and is not subject to service of process or conceals himself, the time of his absence while not subject to service of process or the time of his concealment while not subject to service of process, or any period of time the property which is the subject of such cause of action is removed from this state, shall not be computed as a part of the period within which the action must be brought.

(3) For purposes of computing time pursuant to this section, possession or control of the following forms of property by any person subject to a cause of action pursuant to subsection (1) of this section shall be deemed to be a continuing offense or continuing conduct:

(a) All currency, negotiable instruments, securities, or other things of value furnished or intended to be furnished by any person in exchange for any alleged offense or conduct giving rise to a cause of action;

(b) All proceeds of any alleged offense or conduct giving rise to a cause of action;

(c) All currency, negotiable instruments, or securities intended to be used to facilitate any alleged offense or conduct giving rise to a cause of action;

(d) All property derived from or realized through any alleged offense or conduct giving rise to a cause of action.
C.R.S. § 13-25-119 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 25 / Section 13-25-119
13-25-119. Dying declarations
Status: in_force

13-25-119. Dying declarations. (1) The dying declarations of a deceased person are admissible in evidence in all civil and criminal trials and other proceedings before courts, commissions, and other tribunals to the same extent and for the same purposes that they might have been admissible had the deceased survived and been sworn as a witness in the proceedings, under the following restrictions. To render the declarations of the deceased competent evidence, it must be satisfactorily proved:

(a) That at the time of the making of such declaration he was conscious of approaching death and believed there was no hope of recovery;

(b) That such declaration was voluntarily made, and not through the persuasion of any person;

(c) That such declaration was not made in answer to interrogatories calculated to lead the deceased to make any particular statement;

(d) That he was of sound mind at the time of making the declaration.
C.R.S. § 13-81-105 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 81 / Section 13-81-105
13-81-105. Failure of trustee to take action
Status: in_force

13-81-105. Failure of trustee to take action. When a legal representative, or trustee, or other representative appointed under any agreement, trust indenture, will, or other instrument in writing has been duly appointed for any person under disability and such legal representative, or trustee, or other representative does not promptly, after demand therefor by the person under disability or anyone for him, take action, then such person under disability by next friend may take action before the expiration of the periods fixed in this article for the taking of such action by any person under disability, or his legal representative, or trustee, or other representative, but not thereafter.
C.R.S. § 13-20-1201 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 20 / Part 12 / Section 13-20-1201
13-20-1201. Definitions
Status: in_force

13-20-1201. Definitions. As used in this part 12, unless the context otherwise requires:

(1) "Actor" means a person accused of committing sexual misconduct.

(2) "Agent" means a person who, subject to the control of another person or organization, acts for, or on behalf of, the other person or organization.

(3) "Educational entity" has the same meaning set forth in section 22-12-103.

(4) "Managing organization" means a public entity or an entity, as defined in section 7-90-102, that operates or manages a youth-related activity or program, and as part of operating or managing the youth-related activity or program:

(a) Hires adults as employees or agents or retains adults as volunteers of the youth-related activity or program;

(b) Sets standards for adult employee, agent, and volunteer participation in the youth-related activity or program and controls the conduct of the employees, agents, and volunteers; or

(c) Represents that the adults involved in the youth-related activity or program are screened by the managing organization.

(5) "Minor" means a person younger than eighteen years of age.

(6) "Public employee" has the same meaning set forth in section 24-10-103 (4) and includes an employee as defined in section 22-12-103.

(7) "Public entity" has the same meaning set forth in section 24-10-103 (5) and includes an educational entity.

(8) "Sexual misconduct" means any conduct that is engaged in for the purpose of the sexual arousal, gratification, or abuse of any person, and that constitutes any of the following:

(a) A first degree misdemeanor or a felony offense described in part 3 or 4 of article 3 of title 18 or a felony offense described in article 6 or 7 of title 18;

(b) Human trafficking for sexual servitude, as described in section 18-3-504;

(c) A federal sex offense as defined in the federal "Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act", 34 U.S.C. sec. 20911 (5)(A)(iii);

(d) Obscene visual representations of the sexual abuse of children, as described in 18 U.S.C. sec. 1466A;

(e) Transfer of obscene material to minors, as described in 18 U.S.C. sec. 1470; or

(f) Attempt or conspiracy to commit sex trafficking of children or by force, fraud, or coercion, as described in 18 U.S.C. sec. 1594.

(9) "Youth-related activity or program" means an event, program, service, or any other enterprise that involves participation by a minor, including but not limited to youth programs, educational programs, and religious activities operated by an individual or organization that provides activities, services, trips, or events for minors with adults who are placed in positions of responsibility, trust, or supervision over the participating minors, regardless of the particular location, length, goals, or format of the activities, services, trips, or events. "Youth-related activity or program" includes transportation, lodging, and unscheduled activities provided in relation to any activities, services, trips, or events when a youth-related activity or program employee, agent, or volunteer is responsible for the supervision of the participating minors. "Youth-related activity or program" also includes an educational program operated by an educational entity for students in kindergarten through twelfth grade, or any portion thereof; a district preschool program under the supervision of the educational entity or its employees or agents; or before- and after-school activities conducted under the supervision of the educational entity or its employees or agents.
C.R.S. § 13-22-702 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 22 / Part 7 / Section 13-22-702
13-22-702. Legislative declaration
Status: reserved

13-22-702. Legislative declaration. (1) The people of the state of Colorado, pursuant to the powers reserved to them in Article V of the Constitution of the state of Colorado, declare that family life and the preservation of the traditional family unit are of vital importance to the continuation of an orderly society; that the rights of parents to rear and nurture their children during their formative years and to be involved in all decisions of importance affecting such minor children should be protected and encouraged, especially as such parental involvement relates to the pregnancy of an unemancipated minor, recognizing that the decision by any such minor to submit to an abortion may have adverse long-term consequences for her.

(2) The people of the state of Colorado, being mindful of the limitations imposed upon them at the present time by the federal judiciary in the preservation of the parent-child relationship, hereby enact into law the following provisions.
C.R.S. § 13-16-108 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 16 / Section 13-16-108
13-16-108. When several matters pleaded
Status: in_force

13-16-108. When several matters pleaded. When any defendant in any action, or plaintiff in replevin, pleads several matters, and any of such matters upon demurrer joined are adjudged insufficient, or if a verdict is found in any issue of the cause for the plaintiff, costs shall be given at the discretion of the court.
C.R.S. § 13-5-137 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 5 / Part 1 / Section 13-5-137
13-5-137. Judges seeking retention in office
Status: repealed

13-5-137. Judges seeking retention in office. (Repealed)
C.R.S. § 13-16-102 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 16 / Section 13-16-102
13-16-102. Motion to require cost bond
Status: in_force

13-16-102. Motion to require cost bond. If an action described in section 13-16-101 (2) is commenced by a nonresident of this state without filing an instrument in writing, or if at any time after the commencement of any suit by a resident of this state he or she shall become nonresident, and the court is satisfied that the nonresident plaintiff is unable to pay the costs of suit, the court may, on motion of the defendant or any officer of the court, order the nonresident plaintiff, on or before the day in such order named, to give an instrument in writing for the payment of costs in the suit. To ensure that access to the courts is not unreasonably denied, a court shall not require an instrument in writing for the payment of costs of suit in excess of five thousand dollars. If the nonresident plaintiff neglects or refuses, on or before the day in such rule named, to file such instrument, the court, on motion, shall dismiss the suit.
C.R.S. § 13-21-118 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 21 / Part 1 / Section 13-21-118
13-21-118. Actions based on flight in aircraft
Status: in_force

13-21-118. Actions based on flight in aircraft. No cause of action at law or in equity based upon flight in aircraft over lands or waters of this state shall be maintained unless other than nominal damages result therefrom or unless irreparable damage will probably result therefrom.
C.R.S. § 13-9-115 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 9 / Section 13-9-115
13-9-115. Process
Status: in_force

13-9-115. Process. The probate court has the power to issue process necessary to acquire jurisdiction, to require attendance, and to enforce all its orders, decrees, and judgments. Such process runs to any county within the state and, when authorized by law in special proceedings or, in the absence thereof, by the Colorado rules of civil procedure, may be served outside the state. Any sheriff to whom process is directed is authorized and required to execute the same and shall be entitled to the same fees as are allowed by law for serving like process from the district court. Persons other than the sheriff or his deputies also may serve process from the probate court when permitted by law in special proceedings or, in the absence thereof, by the Colorado rules of civil procedure.
C.R.S. § 13-16-103 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 16 / Section 13-16-103
13-16-103. Costs of poor person
Status: in_force

13-16-103. Costs of poor person. (1) If the judge or justice of any court, including the supreme court, is at any time satisfied that any person is unable to prosecute or defend any civil action or special proceeding because he is a poor person and unable to pay the costs and expenses thereof, the judge or justice, in his discretion, may permit such person to commence and prosecute or defend an action or proceeding without the payment of costs; but, in the event such person prosecutes or defends an action or proceeding successfully, there shall be a judgment entered in his favor for the amount of court costs which he would have incurred except for the provision of this section, and this judgment shall be first satisfied out of any money paid into court, and such costs shall be paid to the court before any such judgment is satisfied of record.

(2) In determining whether a plaintiff in an action brought pursuant to article 4 of title 14, C.R.S., may be permitted to proceed without the payment of costs, the court shall take into account only those assets to which the plaintiff has direct access. The court shall not consider assets which the plaintiff is unable to directly access even though the plaintiff may have an ownership interest in those assets.
C.R.S. § 13-14.5-113 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 14.5 / Section 13-14.5-113
13-14.5-113. Liability
Status: in_force

13-14.5-113. Liability. (1) Except as provided in section 13-14.5-111, this article 14.5 does not impose criminal, administrative, or civil liability on any person, including a community member, or entity for acts or omissions made in good faith related to obtaining an extreme risk protection order or a temporary extreme risk protection order, including but not limited to reporting, declining to report, investigating, declining to investigate, filing, or declining to file a petition pursuant to this article 14.5. This article 14.5 does not impose criminal or civil liability on a peace officer lawfully enforcing an order pursuant to this article 14.5.

(2) A person who files a malicious or knowingly false petition for a temporary extreme risk protection order or an extreme risk protection order may be subject to criminal prosecution or civil liability for those acts.

(3) A federally licensed firearms dealer or law enforcement agency that stores a firearm as permitted by this article 14.5 is not civilly liable for any resulting damages to the firearm, as long as such damage did not result from the willful and wrongful act or gross negligence of the person or law enforcement agency storing the firearm.

(4) This article 14.5 does not require a family or household member of the respondent, a community member, or a law enforcement officer or agency to file a petition for a temporary emergency extreme risk protection order or petition for an extreme risk protection order.

(5) A community member's employer shall not use a community member's acts or omissions made in good faith related to obtaining an extreme risk protection order or a temporary extreme risk protection order, including but not limited to reporting, declining to report, investigating, declining to investigate, filing, or declining to file a petition pursuant to this article 14.5 as a basis for discipline or termination.
C.R.S. § 13-4-103 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 4 / Section 13-4-103
13-4-103. Number of judges - qualifications
Status: in_force

13-4-103. Number of judges - qualifications. (1) The number of judges of the court of appeals shall be sixteen. Effective July 1, 2006, the number of judges of the court of appeals shall be nineteen. Subject to available appropriations, effective July 1, 2008, the number of judges of the court of appeals shall be twenty-two.

(2) Judges of the court of appeals shall have the same qualifications as justices of the Colorado supreme court.
C.R.S. § 13-25-129 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 25 / Section 13-25-129
13-25-129. Statements of a child - hearsay exception
Status: in_force

13-25-129. Statements of a child - hearsay exception. (1) An out-of-court statement made by a person under thirteen years of age, not otherwise admissible by a statute or court rule that provides an exception to the hearsay objection, is admissible in any criminal, delinquency, or civil proceeding in which the person is alleged to have been a victim if the conditions of subsection (5) of this section are satisfied.

(2) An out-of-court statement made by a child, as child is defined under the statutes that are the subject of the action, or a person under fifteen years of age if child is undefined under the statutes that are the subject of the action, describing all or part of an offense of unlawful sexual behavior, as defined in section 16-22-102 (9), performed or attempted to be performed with, by, on, or in the presence of the child declarant, and that is not otherwise admissible by a statute or court rule that provides an exception to the hearsay objection, is admissible in evidence in any criminal, delinquency, or civil proceeding if the conditions of subsection (5) of this section are satisfied.

(3) An out-of-court statement by a child, as child is defined under the statutes that are the subject of the action, describing any act of child abuse, as defined in section 18-6-401, to which the child declarant was subjected or that the child declarant witnessed, and that is not otherwise admissible by a statute or court rule that provides an exception to the hearsay objection, is admissible in evidence in any criminal, delinquency, or civil proceeding in which a child is a victim of child abuse or the subject of a proceeding alleging that a child is neglected or dependent under section 19-1-104 (1)(b), if the conditions of subsection (5) of this section are satisfied.

(4) An out-of-court statement made by a person under thirteen years of age describing all or part of an offense contained in part 1 of article 3 of title 18, or describing an act of domestic violence as defined in section 18-6-800.3 (1), and that is not otherwise admissible by statute or court rule that provides an exception to the hearsay objection, is admissible in evidence in any criminal, delinquency, or civil proceeding if the conditions of subsection (5) of this section are satisfied.

(5) (a) The exceptions to the hearsay objection described in subsections (1) to (4) of this section apply only if the court finds in a pretrial hearing conducted outside the presence of the jury that the time, content, and circumstances of the statement provide sufficient safeguards of reliability; and

(b) The child either:

(I) Testifies at the proceedings; or

(II) Is unavailable as a witness and there is corroborative evidence of the act which is the subject of the statement.

(6) If a statement is admitted pursuant to this section, the court shall instruct the jury in the final written instructions that during the proceeding the jury heard evidence repeating a child's out-of-court statement and that it is for the jury to determine the weight and credit to be given the statement and that, in making the determination, the jury shall consider the age and maturity of the child, the nature of the statement, the circumstances under which the statement was made, and any other relevant factor.

(7) The proponent of the statement shall give the adverse party reasonable notice of the proponent's intention to offer the statement and the particulars of the statement.
C.R.S. § 13-64-402 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 64 / Part 4 / Section 13-64-402
13-64-402. Collateral source evidence
Status: in_force

13-64-402. Collateral source evidence. (1) In any action in a court or arbitration proceeding for personal injury against a health-care provider for professional negligence, the plaintiff shall, within sixty days after the commencement thereof, serve written notice thereof to the third party payer or provider of any amount paid or payable as a medical benefit pursuant to any health, sickness, or accident insurance or plan, which provides health benefits, or any contract or agreement of any group, organization, partnership, or corporation to provide, pay for, or reimburse the cost of medical, hospital, dental, or other health-care services, and shall file a copy thereof with the court or arbitrator. Such service shall be made pursuant to section 10-3-107 (1) or (1.5), C.R.S., or pursuant to the Colorado rules of civil procedure.

(2) If such third party payer or provider of such benefits has a right of subrogation for such payments, it shall file with the court or arbitrator written notice of such subrogated claim, without specifying a definite amount, within ninety days after receipt of the notice required in subsection (1) of this section, and transmit a copy thereof to the party plaintiff. Failure to file such written notice shall constitute a waiver of such right of subrogation as to such action.

(3) Before entering final judgment, the court shall determine the amount, if any, due the third party payer or provider and enter its judgment in accordance with such finding.

(4) The provisions of this section shall not apply to section 25.5-4-301, C.R.S.
C.R.S. § 13-53-107 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 53 / Section 13-53-107
13-53-107. Optional procedure
Status: in_force

13-53-107. Optional procedure. The right of a judgment creditor to bring an action to enforce his judgment instead of proceeding under this article remains unimpaired.
C.R.S. § 13-1-138 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 1 / Part 1 / Section 13-1-138
13-1-138. Notification of court reminder program
Status: repealed

13-1-138. Notification of court reminder program. (Repealed)
C.R.S. § 13-64-204 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 64 / Part 2 / Section 13-64-204
13-64-204. Special damages findings required
Status: in_force

13-64-204. Special damages findings required. (1) If liability is found in a trial under this part 2, the trier of fact, in addition to other appropriate findings, shall make separate findings for each claimant specifying the amount of:

(a) Any past damages for each of the following types:

(I) Medical and other costs of health care;

(II) Other economic loss except loss of earnings;

(III) Loss of earnings; and

(IV) Noneconomic loss;

(b) Any future damages and the period of time over which they will be paid, for each of the following types:

(I) Medical and other costs of health care;

(II) Other economic loss except loss of future earnings which would be incurred for the life of the claimant or any lesser period;

(III) Loss of future earnings which would be incurred for the work life expectancy of the claimant or a lesser period; and

(IV) Noneconomic loss which would be incurred for the life of the claimant or any lesser period.

(2) The calculation of all future damages under subparagraphs (I), (II), and (IV) of paragraph (b) of subsection (1) of this section shall reflect the costs and losses during the period of time, including life expectancy, if appropriate, that the claimant will sustain those costs and losses. The calculation of loss under subparagraph (III) of paragraph (b) of subsection (1) of this section shall be based on loss during the period of time the claimant would have earned income but for the injury upon which the claim is based.

(3) The fact that payment of any judgment will be paid by periodic payments shall not be disclosed to a jury.
C.R.S. § 13-6-201 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 6 / Part 2 / Section 13-6-201
13-6-201. Classification of counties
Status: in_force

13-6-201. Classification of counties. (1) For such organizational and administrative purposes concerning county courts as are specified in this part 2, counties shall be classified as provided in subsection (2) of this section. The classifications established in this section shall not have any effect upon any classifications now provided by law for any other purpose and specifically shall have no effect upon the existing classification of counties for the purpose of fixing judicial salaries for county judges as provided by section 13-30-103.

(2) Classes of counties for this part 2 are:

(a) Class A. Class A shall consist of the city and county of Denver.

(b) Class B. Class B consists of the counties of Adams, Arapahoe, Boulder, Douglas, Eagle, El Paso, Fremont, Garfield, Jefferson, La Plata, Larimer, Mesa, Montezuma, Montrose, Pueblo, Summit, Weld, and the city and county of Broomfield.

(c) Class C. Class C consists of the counties of Alamosa, Delta, Las Animas, Logan, Morgan, Otero, Prowers, and Rio Grande.

(d) Class D. Class D shall consist of the counties of Archuleta, Baca, Bent, Chaffee, Cheyenne, Clear Creek, Conejos, Costilla, Crowley, Custer, Dolores, Elbert, Gilpin, Grand, Gunnison, Jackson, Hinsdale, Huerfano, Kiowa, Kit Carson, Lake, Lincoln, Mineral, Moffat, Ouray, Park, Phillips, Pitkin, Saguache, San Juan, San Miguel, Sedgwick, Rio Blanco, Routt, Teller, Washington, and Yuma.
C.R.S. § 13-6-406 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 6 / Part 4 / Section 13-6-406
13-6-406. Schedule of hearings
Status: in_force

13-6-406. Schedule of hearings. The small claims court shall conduct hearings at such times as the judge or magistrate may determine or as the supreme court may order.
C.R.S. § 13-51-114 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 51 / Section 13-51-114
13-51-114. Costs
Status: in_force

13-51-114. Costs. In any proceeding under this article, the court may make such award of costs as may seem equitable and just.
C.R.S. § 13-45-121 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 45 / Section 13-45-121
13-45-121. Powers of county court
Status: repealed

13-45-121. Powers of county court. (Repealed)
C.R.S. § 13-90-104 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 90 / Part 1 / Section 13-90-104
13-90-104. Conversation of deceased partner
Status: in_force

13-90-104. Conversation of deceased partner. In any action, suit, or proceeding by or against any surviving partner or joint contractor, no adverse party or person adversely interested in the event thereof is a competent witness to testify, by virtue of section 13-90-101, to any admission or conversation by any deceased partner or joint contractor, unless one or more of the surviving partners or joint contractors were also present at the time of such admission or conversation.
C.R.S. § 13-21-1205 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 21 / Part 12 / Section 13-21-1205
13-21-1205. Damages - woman injured by the unlawful termination of a pregnancy
Status: in_force

13-21-1205. Damages - woman injured by the unlawful termination of a pregnancy. (1) A woman may bring an action for damages in accordance with this part 12 against any person who intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly caused an unlawful termination of her pregnancy.

(2) (a) The action authorized in this section is in addition to, and does not limit or affect, other actions available by statute or common law, before or after July 1, 2014.

(b) Nothing in this part 12 is intended to alter, replace, limit, supersede, or in any way restrict any provision of the "Health Care Availability Act", article 64 of this title, or any successor statute.

(3) The standard of proof for establishing liability under this section is proof by a preponderance of the evidence.

(4) A woman entitled to bring an action under this section may recover the following damages:

(a) Her own economic damages;

(b) Her own noneconomic damages; and

(c) Exemplary damages to the extent permitted by section 13-21-102, or any successor statute.
C.R.S. § 13-91-107 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 91 / Section 13-91-107
13-91-107. Repeal of article
Status: repealed

13-91-107. Repeal of article. (Repealed)
C.R.S. § 13-6-101 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 6 / Part 1 / Section 13-6-101
13-6-101. Establishment
Status: in_force

13-6-101. Establishment. Pursuant to the provisions of section 1 of article VI of the Colorado constitution, there is hereby established in each county of the state of Colorado a county court.
C.R.S. § 13-16-110 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 16 / Section 13-16-110
13-16-110. When several defendants
Status: in_force

13-16-110. When several defendants. Where several persons are made defendants to any action of trespass, assault, false imprisonment, detinue, replevin, trover, or ejectment, and any one or more of them are upon trial acquitted by verdict, every person so acquitted shall recover his costs of suit in like manner as if such verdict or acquittal had been given in favor of the defendant.
C.R.S. § 13-64-302 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 64 / Part 3 / Section 13-64-302
13-64-302. Limitation of liability - interest on damages - definition
Status: in_force

13-64-302. Limitation of liability - interest on damages - definition. (1) (a) As used in this section:

(I) "Derivative noneconomic loss or injury" means noneconomic loss or injury to persons other than the person suffering the direct or primary loss or injury. "Derivative noneconomic loss or injury" does not include punitive or exemplary damages.

(II) (A) "Direct noneconomic loss or injury" means nonpecuniary harm for which damages are recoverable by the person suffering the direct or primary loss or injury, including pain and suffering, inconvenience, emotional stress, physical impairment or disfigurement, and impairment of the quality of life. "Direct noneconomic loss or injury" does not include punitive or exemplary damages.

(B) Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit a recovery for economic damages, whether past or future, resulting from physical impairment or disfigurement.

(b) The total amount recoverable for all damages for a course of care for all defendants in any civil action for damages in tort brought against a health-care professional, as defined in section 13-64-202, or a health-care institution, as defined in section 13-64-202, or as a result of binding arbitration, whether past damages, future damages, or a combination of both, shall not exceed the greater of one million dollars, present value per patient, or one hundred twenty-five percent of the noneconomic damages limitations set forth in section 13- 21-203 (1)(b) in effect at the time the acts or omissions occurred, present value per patient, including any claim for derivative noneconomic loss or injury, of which not more than two hundred fifty thousand dollars, present value per patient, including any derivative claim, shall be attributable to direct or derivative noneconomic loss or injury; except that, if, upon good cause shown, the court determines that the present value of past and future economic damages would exceed such limitation and that the application of such limitation would be unfair, the court may award in excess of the limitation the present value of additional past and future economic damages only. The limitations of this section are not applicable to a health-care professional who is a public employee under the "Colorado Governmental Immunity Act" and are not applicable to a certified health-care institution which is a public entity under the "Colorado Governmental Immunity Act". For purposes of this section, "present value" has the same meaning as that set forth in section 13-64-202 (7). The existence of the limitations and exceptions thereto provided in this section shall not be disclosed to a jury.

(1) (c) (I) (A) Effective July 1, 2003, the damages limitation of two hundred fifty thousand dollars described in subsection (1)(b) of this section shall be increased to three hundred thousand dollars, which increased amount shall apply to acts or omissions occurring on or after said date. It is the intent of the general assembly that the increase reflect an adjustment for inflation to the damages limitation.

(B) Effective January 1, 2025, in an action filed on or after that date that accrued on or after January 1, 2024, but before January 1, 2026, the damages limitation of three hundred thousand dollars described in subsection (1)(c)(I)(A) of this section for direct or derivative noneconomic loss or injury is increased to four hundred fifteen thousand dollars.

(C) Effective January 1, 2026, the damages limitation of four hundred fifteen thousand dollars described in subsection (1)(c)(I)(B) of this section is increased to five hundred thirty thousand dollars, which increased amount applies to acts or omissions occurring on or after January 1, 2026, but before January 1, 2027.

(D) Effective January 1, 2027, the damages limitation of five hundred thirty thousand dollars described in subsection (1)(c)(I)(C) of this section is increased to six hundred forty-five thousand dollars, which increased amount applies to acts or omissions occurring on or after January 1, 2027, but before January 1, 2028.

(E) Effective January 1, 2028, the damages limitation of six hundred forty-five thousand dollars described in subsection (1)(c)(I)(D) of this section is increased to seven hundred sixty thousand dollars, which increased amount applies to acts or omissions occurring on or after January 1, 2028, but before January 1, 2029.

(F) Effective January 1, 2029, the damages limitation of seven hundred sixty thousand dollars described in subsection (1)(c)(I)(E) of this section is increased to eight hundred seventy- five thousand dollars, which increased amount applies to acts or omissions occurring on or after January 1, 2029, but before January 1, 2030.

(G) Effective January 1, 2030, the damages limitation in subsection (1)(c)(I)(F) of this section must be adjusted for inflation as of January 1, 2030, and on January 1 every two years thereafter. The adjustments made on January 1, 2030, and on January 1 every two years thereafter must be based on the cumulative annual adjustment for inflation for each year since the effective date of the damages limitation specified in subsection (1)(c)(I)(F) of this section. The adjustments made pursuant to this subsection (1)(c)(I)(G) must be rounded upward or downward to the nearest ten-dollar increment. As used in this subsection (1)(c), "inflation" means the annual percentage change in the United States department of labor's bureau of labor statistics consumer price index for Denver-Aurora-Lakewood for all items paid by all urban consumers, or its successor index.

(II) The secretary of state shall certify the adjusted limitation on damages within fourteen days after the appropriate information is available and shall publish the adjusted amount on the secretary of state's website.

(III) The adjusted limitation on damages as of January 1, 2030, and on January 1 every two years thereafter is applicable to acts or omissions occurring on and after the specified January 1 and before the January 1 two years thereafter.

(2) In any civil action described in subsection (1) of this section, prejudgment interest awarded pursuant to section 13-21-101 that accrues during the time period beginning on the date the action accrued and ending on the date of filing of the civil action is deemed to be a part of the damages awarded in the action for the purposes of this section and is included within each of the limitations on liability that are established pursuant to subsection (1) of this section.
C.R.S. § 13-82-107 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 82 / Section 13-82-107
13-82-107. Existing and future claims
Status: in_force

13-82-107. Existing and future claims. (1) This article applies to claims:

(a) Accruing after July 1, 1984; or

(b) Asserted in a civil action or proceeding more than one year after July 1, 1984, but it does not revive a claim barred before July 1, 1984.
C.R.S. § 13-5.3-110 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 5.3 / Section 13-5.3-110
13-5.3-110. Legislative interim committee on judicial discipline - creation
Status: repealed

13-5.3-110. Legislative interim committee on judicial discipline - creation. (Repealed)
C.R.S. § 13-1-127 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 1 / Part 1 / Section 13-1-127
13-1-127. Entities - school districts - legislative declaration - representation - definit
Status: reserved

13-1-127. Entities - school districts - legislative declaration - representation - definitions. (1) As used in this section, unless the context otherwise requires:

(a) "Closely held entity" means an entity, as defined in section 7-90-102 (20), C.R.S., with no more than three owners.

(a.2) "Cooperative" shall have the same meaning as set forth in section 7-90-102 (9), C.R.S.

(a.5) "Corporate licensed child placement agency" means an entity that places, or arranges for placement of, the care of any child with any family, person, or institution other than persons related to said child and that is licensed by the department of human services pursuant to section 26-6-905 as a child placement agency.

(b) "Corporation" shall have the same meaning as set forth in section 7-90-102 (10), C.R.S.

(c) "Entity" shall have the same meaning as set forth in section 7-90-102 (20), C.R.S.

(d) "Limited liability company" shall have the same meaning as set forth in section 7-90-102 (32), C.R.S.

(e) "Limited partnership" shall have the same meaning as set forth in section 7-90-102 (34), C.R.S.

(f) "Limited partnership association" shall have the same meaning as set forth in section 7-90-102 (35), C.R.S.

(g) "Nonprofit association" shall have the same meaning as set forth in section 7-90-102 (38), C.R.S.

(h) "Nonprofit corporation" shall have the same meaning as set forth in section 7-90-102 (39), C.R.S.

(i) "Officer" means a person generally or specifically authorized by an entity to take any action contemplated by this section.

(j) "Owner" shall have the same meaning as set forth in section 7-90-102 (43), C.R.S.

(k) "School district" means a school district organized and existing pursuant to law but does not include a local college district.

(l) "Truancy proceedings" means judicial proceedings for the enforcement of the "School Attendance Law of 1963", article 33 of title 22, C.R.S., brought pursuant to section 22-33-108, C.R.S.

(2) Except as otherwise provided in section 13-6-407, a closely held entity may be represented before any court of record or any administrative agency by an officer of such closely held entity if:

(a) The amount at issue in the controversy or matter before the court or agency does not exceed fifteen thousand dollars, exclusive of costs, interest, or statutory penalties, on and after August 7, 2013; and

(b) The officer provides the court or agency, at or prior to the trial or hearing, with evidence satisfactory to the court or agency of the authority of the officer to appear on behalf of the closely held entity in all matters within the jurisdictional limits set forth in this section.

(2.3) For the purposes of this section, each of the following persons shall be presumed to have the authority to appear on behalf of the closely held entity upon providing evidence of the person's holding the specified office or status:

(a) An officer of a cooperative, corporation, or nonprofit corporation;

(b) A general partner of a partnership or of a limited partnership;

(c) A person in whom the management of a limited liability company is vested or reserved; and

(d) A member of a limited partnership association.

(2.5) (a) The general assembly hereby finds and determines that the practice of law should not include the representation of a corporation in workers' compensation proceedings by an authorized employee of such corporation. While the general assembly respectfully recognizes the jurisdiction of the supreme court with respect to the regulation of the practice of law, it hereby finds and declares that the representation of a corporation in workers' compensation cases by an authorized employee of that corporation does not constitute the unauthorized practice of law. The general assembly has determined that the decision of a president or secretary of a corporation to have a corporate employee represent the corporation in a workers' compensation case is a business decision made voluntarily and knowingly by persons who are qualified and accustomed to making business decisions. The general assembly has further determined that allowing such representation will not hamper the orderly and proper disposition of workers' compensation cases and may expedite and facilitate such disposition. An employee of a defendant corporation with experience in the operations of such corporation and knowledge of the necessary facts and law can afford a defendant corporation with representation which is the substantial equivalent to, and may in some cases, be more effective than, a licensed attorney. The general assembly hereby declares that the protections afforded by the restrictions set forth by the supreme court with respect to the unauthorized practice of law are unnecessary for the described form of representation because the general public is not likely to be harmed by such representation. Further, the general assembly respectfully recommends that the supreme court adopt rules which permit and regulate such representation in which event the general assembly may choose to repeal this statute in deference to the supreme court's rules.

(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (a) of subsection (2) of this section concerning the amount at issue, any corporation which is in compliance with the requirements otherwise imposed on corporations by law may be represented by any employee of the corporation who is so authorized by the president or secretary of such corporation, in proceedings authorized under the "Workers' Compensation Act of Colorado", articles 40 to 47 of title 8, C.R.S., exclusive of proceedings before the industrial claim appeals office under part 3 of article 43 of title 8, C.R.S., appeals to the court of appeals under section 8-43-307, C.R.S., and summary reviews by the supreme court under section 8-43-313, C.R.S.

(3) The court may rely upon a written resolution of a closely held entity that allows a named officer to appear in the closely held entity's behalf.

(4) A closely held entity's exercise of the option authorized by this section to be represented by an officer shall not alone be construed to establish personal liability of the representing officer or any other officer, director, owner, or shareholder for action taken by that closely held entity.

(5) A corporate licensed child placement agency, as defined in paragraph (a.5) of subsection (1) of this section, that is in compliance with the requirements otherwise imposed on closely held entities by law, may be represented by any named officer or designated agent of the agency in any proceeding involving the termination of the parent-child relationship pursuant to the "Colorado Children's Code", title 19, C.R.S., or in any proceeding involving a petition for adoption pursuant to section 19-5-208, C.R.S.

(6) Nothing in this section shall be interpreted to restrict the classes of persons who, or circumstances in which persons, may be represented by other persons, or may appear in person, before Colorado courts or administrative agencies.

(7) (a) A school district board of education may authorize, by resolution, one or more employees of the school district to represent the school district in truancy proceedings in any court of competent jurisdiction; except that the authorization of the board of education shall not extend to representation of the school district before a court of appeals or before the Colorado supreme court.

(b) A court may rely on the written resolution of the school district board of education that authorizes the named employee to represent the school district in truancy proceedings.

(c) An authorized employee who represents a school district in truancy proceedings pursuant to the provisions of this subsection (7) shall not be subject to the provisions of section 13-93-108.

(d) A school district board of education's exercise of the option authorized by this section to be represented in truancy proceedings by an employee shall not alone be construed to establish personal liability of the representing employee or any other employee or a school director of the school district for action taken by the school district.
C.R.S. § 13-57-101 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 57 / Section 13-57-101
13-57-101. Ten days' notice of sale
Status: in_force

13-57-101. Ten days' notice of sale. No goods or chattels shall be sold by virtue of any execution unless previous notice of such sale has been given for at least ten days successively in the same manner as required in the sale of real estate upon execution.
C.R.S. § 13-21-1207 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 21 / Part 12 / Section 13-21-1207
13-21-1207. Limitation of actions - three years
Status: in_force

13-21-1207. Limitation of actions - three years. Any action brought under this part 12 must be commenced within three years after the cause of action accrues and not thereafter. For purposes of this part 12, a cause of action accrues when a woman has reason to know that her pregnancy was unlawfully terminated.
C.R.S. § 13-5-133 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 5 / Part 1 / Section 13-5-133
13-5-133. Judges may sit en banc - purpose - rules
Status: in_force

13-5-133. Judges may sit en banc - purpose - rules. (1) In any district court composed of more than one judge, the judges may sit en banc at such times as they may determine, for the purpose of making rules of court, the appointment of a clerk and other employees, subject to the provisions of section 13-3-105, and other ministerial duties, subject to the administrative powers delegated to the chief judge by the chief justice of the supreme court pursuant to section 5 (4) of article VI of the state constitution.

(2) Subject to the approval of the chief justice of the supreme court, a district court sitting en banc may make rules:

(a) To facilitate the transaction of business in the courts held by the judges sitting separately; and

(b) To provide for the classification, arrangement, and distribution of the business of the court among the several judges thereof.

(3) Judges of a district court in districts having more than one judge may sit en banc only for the purposes enumerated in this section, and the court so sitting en banc shall have no power to review any order, decision, or proceeding of the court held by any judge sitting separately.
C.R.S. § 13-6-217 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 6 / Part 2 / Section 13-6-217
13-6-217. Judges may sit en banc
Status: in_force

13-6-217. Judges may sit en banc. In each county court which has more than one judge, the court may sit en banc for the purpose of making rules of court, the appointment of a clerk and other employees, pursuant to section 13-3-105, and the conduct of other business relating to the administration of the court, as authorized by and subject to the approval of the chief justice of the supreme court.
C.R.S. § 13-20-203 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 20 / Part 2 / Section 13-20-203
13-20-203. Breach of contract to marry not actionable
Status: in_force

13-20-203. Breach of contract to marry not actionable. No act done within this state shall operate to give rise, either within or without this state, to any of the rights of action abolished by this part 2. No contract to marry made or entered into in this state shall operate to give rise, either within or without this state, to any cause or right of action for the breach thereof, nor shall any contract to marry made in any other state give rise to any cause of action within this state for the breach thereof.
C.R.S. § 13-26-101 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 26 / Section 13-26-101
13-26-101. Short title
Status: in_force

13-26-101. Short title. This article shall be known and may be cited as the "Uniform Photographic Copies of Business and Public Records as Evidence Act".
C.R.S. § 13-90-208 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 90 / Part 2 / Section 13-90-208
13-90-208. Waiver
Status: in_force

13-90-208. Waiver. The right of a person who is deaf, hard of hearing, or deafblind to a qualified auxiliary service may not be waived except in writing by the person who is deaf, hard of hearing, or deafblind. Prior to executing a waiver, a person who is deaf, hard of hearing, or deafblind may have access to counsel for advice and shall have actual, full knowledge of the right to effective communication. The waiver is subject to the approval of counsel, if any, to the person who is deaf, hard of hearing, or deafblind and is also subject to the approval of the appointing authority. In no event is the failure of the person who is deaf, hard of hearing, or deafblind to request a qualified auxiliary service deemed a waiver of this right.
C.R.S. § 13-71-117 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 71 / Section 13-71-117
13-71-117. Assignment of courthouse location
Status: in_force

13-71-117. Assignment of courthouse location. Every trial and grand juror shall be notified on the summons, or otherwise, to perform juror service at a designated court location within each county. The jury commissioner or the court may permit a juror to serve at a different courthouse location within the county upon a finding that service at the original location would be a hardship.
C.R.S. § 13-6-215 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 6 / Part 2 / Section 13-6-215
13-6-215. Presiding judges
Status: in_force

13-6-215. Presiding judges. In each county court which has more than one county judge, the court, by rule, shall provide for the designation of a presiding judge. If there is a failure to select a presiding judge by rule, the chief justice shall designate a presiding judge.
C.R.S. § 13-14.5-112 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 14.5 / Section 13-14.5-112
13-14.5-112. Other authority retained
Status: in_force

13-14.5-112. Other authority retained. This article 14.5 does not affect the ability of a law enforcement officer to remove a firearm or concealed carry permit from a person or conduct a search and seizure for any firearm pursuant to other lawful authority.
C.R.S. § 13-50-104 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 50 / Section 13-50-104
13-50-104. Right of surety
Status: in_force

13-50-104. Right of surety. Nothing in sections 13-50-102 to 13-50-104 affects or changes the right of a surety who has paid his proportionate share of an indebtedness of recovering the same from his principal debtor.
C.R.S. § 13-93-203 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 93 / Part 2 / Section 13-93-203
13-93-203. Eligibility requirements for law student intern practice
Status: in_force

13-93-203. Eligibility requirements for law student intern practice. (1) In order to be eligible to make an appearance and participate pursuant to section 13-93-202, a law student must:

(a) Be duly enrolled in or a graduate of any accredited law school;

(b) Have completed a minimum of two years of legal studies;

(c) Have the certification of the dean of such law school that he or she has no personal knowledge of or knows of nothing of record that indicates that the student is not of good moral character and, in addition, that the law student has completed the requirements specified in subsection (1)(b) of this section and is a student in good standing;

(d) Be introduced to the court or administrative tribunal in which he or she is appearing as a law student intern by a lawyer authorized to practice law in this state;

(e) Neither ask nor receive any compensation or remuneration of any kind for his or her services from the person on whose behalf he or she renders services; but such limitation shall not prevent the law student intern from receiving credit for participation in the program upon prior approval of the law school, nor shall it prevent the law school, the state, a county, a city, a town, or the office of the district attorney or the public defender from paying compensation to the law school intern, nor shall it prevent any agency from making such charges for its services as it may otherwise properly require; and

(f) State that he or she has read, is familiar with, and will be governed in the conduct of his or her activities under section 13-93-202 by the code of professional responsibility adopted by the supreme court.
C.R.S. § 13-6-209 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 6 / Part 2 / Section 13-6-209
13-6-209. Special associate and associate county judges - designated counties
Status: repealed

13-6-209. Special associate and associate county judges - designated counties. (1) In the county of Montrose there shall be an associate county judge who shall maintain his or her official residence in Montrose county and court chambers in that portion of Montrose county that is included in the southwestern water conservation district as set forth and described in section 37-47-103, C.R.S.

(2) In the county of Garfield there shall be a special associate county judge who shall maintain an official residence in Garfield county and court chambers in the city of Rifle.

(3) In the county of Rio Blanco there must be an associate county judge who shall maintain an official residence in Rio Blanco County and court chambers in the city of Rangely.

(4) Repealed.
C.R.S. § 13-62-105 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 62 / Section 13-62-105
13-62-105. Personal jurisdiction
Status: in_force

13-62-105. Personal jurisdiction. (1) A foreign-country judgment may not be refused recognition for lack of personal jurisdiction if:

(a) The defendant was served with process personally in the foreign country;

(b) The defendant voluntarily appeared in the proceeding, other than for the purpose of protecting property seized or threatened with seizure in the proceeding or of contesting the jurisdiction of the court over the defendant;

(c) The defendant, before the commencement of the proceeding, had agreed to submit to the jurisdiction of the foreign court with respect to the subject matter involved;

(d) The defendant was domiciled in the foreign country when the proceeding was instituted or was a corporation or other form of business organization that had its principal place of business in, or was organized under the laws of, the foreign country;

(e) The defendant had a business office in the foreign country and the proceeding in the foreign court involved a claim for relief arising out of business done by the defendant through that office in the foreign country; or

(f) The defendant operated a motor vehicle or airplane in the foreign country and the proceeding involved a claim for relief arising out of that operation.

(2) The list of bases for personal jurisdiction in subsection (1) of this section is not exclusive. The courts of this state may recognize bases of personal jurisdiction other than those listed in subsection (1) of this section as sufficient to support a foreign-country judgment.
C.R.S. § 13-14-105.5 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 14 / Section 13-14-105.5
13-14-105.5. Civil protection orders - prohibition on possessing or purchasing a firearm
Status: in_force

13-14-105.5. Civil protection orders - prohibition on possessing or purchasing a firearm. (1) Order requirements. If the court subjects a respondent to a temporary or permanent civil protection order and the court determines on the record after reviewing the petition for the protection order that the protection order includes an act of domestic violence, as defined in section 18-6-800.3 (1), and the act of domestic violence involved the threat of use, use of, or attempted use of physical force, the court, as part of such order:

(a) Shall order the respondent to:

(I) Refrain from possessing or purchasing any firearm or ammunition for the duration of the order; and

(II) Relinquish, for the duration of the order, any firearm or ammunition in the respondent's immediate possession or control or subject to the respondent's immediate possession or control; and

(b) May require that before the respondent is released from custody on bond, the respondent relinquish, for the duration of the order, any firearm or ammunition in the respondent's immediate possession or control or subject to the respondent's immediate possession or control; and

(c) Shall schedule a compliance hearing pursuant to subsection (5)(a) of this section and notify the respondent of the hearing date and that the respondent shall appear at the hearing in person unless the hearing is vacated pursuant to subsection (5)(a) of this section.

(2) Time period to relinquish. (a) Except as described in subsection (2)(b) of this section, upon issuance of an order pursuant to subsection (1) of this section, the respondent shall relinquish, in accordance with subsection (4) of this section, any firearm or ammunition:

(I) Not more than twenty-four hours, excluding legal holidays and weekends, after being served with the order in open court; or

(II) Not more than forty-eight hours, excluding legal holidays and weekends, after being served with the order outside of the court.

(b) Notwithstanding subsection (2)(a) of this section, a court may allow a respondent up to an additional twenty-four hours to relinquish a firearm if the respondent demonstrates to the satisfaction of the court that the respondent is unable to comply within the time frame set forth in subsection (2)(a) of this section.

(3) Additional time to comply if respondent in custody. If a respondent is unable to satisfy the provisions of this section because the respondent is incarcerated or otherwise held in the custody of a law enforcement agency, the court shall require the respondent to satisfy the provisions of this section not more than twenty-four hours, excluding legal holidays and weekends, after the respondent's release from incarceration or custody, or be held in contempt of court. Notwithstanding any provision of this subsection (3), the court may, in its discretion, require the respondent to relinquish any firearm or ammunition in the respondent's immediate possession or control or subject to the respondent's immediate possession or control before the end of the respondent's incarceration. In such a case, a respondent's failure to relinquish a firearm or ammunition as required constitutes contempt of court.

(4) Relinquishment options. To satisfy the requirement in subsection (2) of this section, the respondent shall either:

(a) Sell or transfer possession of the firearm or ammunition to a federally licensed firearms dealer described in 18 U.S.C. sec. 923, as amended; except that this provision must not be interpreted to require any federally licensed firearms dealer to purchase or accept possession of any firearm or ammunition; or

(b) Arrange for the storage of the firearm or ammunition by a law enforcement agency or by a storage facility with which the sheriff has contracted for the storage of transferred firearms or ammunition, pursuant to subsection (7)(a) of this section; except that this provision must not be interpreted to require any law enforcement agency to provide storage of firearms or ammunition for any person; or

(c) Sell or otherwise transfer the firearm or ammunition to a private party who may legally possess the firearm or ammunition; except that a respondent who sells or transfers a firearm pursuant to this subsection (4)(c) shall satisfy all of the provisions of section 18-12-112 concerning private firearms transfers, including but not limited to the performance of a criminal background check of the transferee.

(5) Compliance hearing and affidavit. (a) The court shall conduct a compliance hearing not less than eight but not more than twelve business days after the order is issued to ensure the respondent has complied with subsection (5)(b) of this section. The court may vacate the hearing if the court determines the respondent has completed the affidavit described in subsection (5)(b) of this section. Failure to appear at a hearing described in this subsection (5)(a) constitutes contempt of court.

(b) The respondent shall complete an affidavit, which must be filed in the court record within seven business days after the order is issued, stating the number of firearms in the respondent's immediate possession or control or subject to the respondent's immediate possession or control, the make and model of each firearm, any reason the respondent is still in immediate possession or control of such firearm, and the location of each firearm. If the respondent does not possess a firearm at the time the order is issued pursuant to subsection (1) of this section, the respondent shall indicate such nonpossession in the affidavit.

(c) If the respondent possessed a firearm at the time of the qualifying incident giving rise to the duty to relinquish the firearm pursuant to this section but transferred or sold the firearm to a private party prior to the court's issuance of the order, the respondent shall disclose the sale or transfer of the firearm to the private party in the affidavit described in subsection (5)(b) of this section. The respondent, within seven business days after the order is issued, shall acquire a written receipt and signed declaration that complies with subsection (8)(a)(I) of this section, and the respondent shall file the signed declaration at the same time the respondent files the affidavit pursuant to subsection (5)(b) of this section.

(d) The state court administrator shall develop the affidavit described in subsection (5)(b) of this section and all other forms necessary to implement this section no later than January 1, 2022. State courts may use the forms developed by the state court administrator pursuant to this subsection (5)(d) or another form of the court's choosing, so long as the forms comply with the requirements of this subsection (5).

(e) Upon the sworn statement or testimony of the petitioner or of any law enforcement officer alleging there is probable cause to believe the respondent has failed to comply with the provisions of this section, the court shall determine whether probable cause exists to believe that the respondent has failed to relinquish all firearms or a concealed carry permit in the respondent's custody, control, or possession. If probable cause exists, the court shall issue a search warrant that states with particularity the places to be searched and the items to be taken into custody.

(6) Relinquishment to a federally licensed firearms dealer. A federally licensed firearms dealer who takes possession of a firearm or ammunition pursuant to this section shall issue a written receipt and signed declaration to the respondent at the time of relinquishment. The declaration must memorialize the sale or transfer of the firearm. The federally licensed firearms dealer shall not return the firearm or ammunition to the respondent unless the dealer:

(a) Contacts the Colorado bureau of investigation, referred to in this section as the "bureau", to request that a criminal background check of the respondent be performed; and

(b) Obtains approval of the transfer from the bureau after the performance of the criminal background check.

(7) Storage by a law enforcement agency or storage facility. (a) A local law enforcement agency may elect to store firearms or ammunition for a respondent pursuant to this section. The law enforcement agency may enter into an agreement with any other law enforcement agency or storage facility for the storage of transferred firearms or ammunition. If a law enforcement agency elects to store firearms or ammunition for a respondent:

(I) The law enforcement agency may charge a fee for the storage, the amount of which must not exceed the direct and indirect costs incurred by the law enforcement agency in providing the storage;

(II) The law enforcement agency shall establish policies for disposal of abandoned or stolen firearms or ammunition; and

(III) The law enforcement agency shall issue a written receipt and signed declaration to the respondent at the time of relinquishment. The declaration must memorialize the transfer of the firearm.

(b) If a local law enforcement agency elects to store firearms or ammunition for a respondent pursuant to this subsection (7), the law enforcement agency shall not return the firearm or ammunition to the respondent unless the law enforcement agency:

(I) Contacts the bureau to request that a criminal background check of the respondent be performed; and

(II) Obtains approval of the transfer from the bureau after the performance of the criminal background check.

(c) (I) A law enforcement agency that elects to store a firearm or ammunition for a respondent pursuant to this section may elect to cease storing the firearm or ammunition. A law enforcement agency that elects to cease storing a firearm or ammunition for a respondent shall notify the respondent of the decision and request that the respondent immediately make arrangements for the transfer of the possession of the firearm or ammunition to the respondent or, if the respondent is prohibited from possessing a firearm, to another person who is legally permitted to possess a firearm.

(II) If a law enforcement agency elects to cease storing a firearm or ammunition for a respondent and notifies the respondent as described in subsection (7)(c)(I) of this section, the law enforcement agency may dispose of the firearm or ammunition if the respondent fails to make arrangements for the transfer of the firearm or ammunition and complete the transfer within ninety days after receiving the notification.

(d) A law enforcement agency that elects to store a firearm or ammunition shall obtain a search warrant to examine or test the firearm or ammunition or facilitate a criminal investigation if a law enforcement agency has probable cause to believe the firearm or ammunition has been used in the commission of a crime, is stolen, or is contraband. This subsection (7)(d) does not preclude a law enforcement agency from conducting a routine inspection of the firearm or ammunition prior to accepting the firearm for storage.

(8) Relinquishment to a private party. (a) If a respondent sells or otherwise transfers a firearm or ammunition to a private party who may legally possess the firearm or ammunition, as described in subsection (4)(c) of this section, the respondent shall acquire:

(I) From the federally licensed firearms dealer, a written receipt and signed declaration memorializing the transfer, which receipt must be dated and signed by the respondent, the transferee, and the federally licensed firearms dealer; and

(II) From the federally licensed firearms dealer who requests from the bureau a criminal background check of the transferee, as described in section 18-12-112, a written statement of the results of the criminal background check.

(b) The respondent shall not transfer the firearm to a private party living in the same residence as the defendant at the time of the transfer.

(c) Notwithstanding section 18-12-112, if a private party elects to store a firearm for a respondent pursuant to this section, the private party shall not return the firearm to the respondent unless the private party acquires from the federally licensed firearms dealer who requests from the bureau a background check of the respondent, a written statement of the results of the background check authorizing the return of the firearm to the respondent.

(9) Requirement to file signed declaration. (a) The respondent shall file a copy of the signed declaration issued pursuant to subsection (6), (7)(a)(III), or (8)(a)(I) of this section, and, if applicable, the written statement of the results of a criminal background check performed on the respondent, as described in subsection (8)(a)(II) of this section, with the court as proof of the relinquishment at the same time the respondent files the signed affidavit pursuant to subsection (5)(b) of this section. The signed declaration and written statement filed pursuant to this subsection (9) are only available for inspection by the court and the parties to the proceeding. If a respondent fails to timely transfer or sell a firearm or file the signed declaration or written statement as described in this subsection (9):

(I) The failure constitutes a violation of the protection order pursuant to section 18-6-803.5 (1)(c); and

(II) The court shall issue a warrant for the respondent's arrest.

(b) In any subsequent prosecution for a violation of a protection order described in this subsection (9), the court shall take judicial notice of the respondent's failure to transfer or sell a firearm, or file the signed declaration or written statement, which constitutes prima facie evidence of a violation of the protection order pursuant to section 18-6-803.5 (1)(c), and testimony of the clerk of the court or the clerk of the court's deputy is not required.

(10) Nothing in this section limits a respondent's right to petition the court for dismissal of a protection order.

(11) A respondent subject to a civil protection order issued pursuant to section 13-14-104.5 (1)(a) who possesses or attempts to purchase or receive a firearm or ammunition while the protection order is in effect violates the order pursuant to section 18-6-803.5 (1)(c).

(12) (a) A law enforcement agency that elects in good faith to not store a firearm or ammunition for a respondent pursuant to subsection (7)(a) of this section is not criminally or civilly liable for such inaction.

(b) A law enforcement agency that returns possession of a firearm or ammunition to a respondent in good faith as permitted by subsection (7) of this section is not criminally or civilly liable for such action.

(13) Immunity. A federally licensed firearms dealer, law enforcement agency, storage facility, or private party that elects to store a firearm pursuant to this section is not civilly liable for any resulting damages to the firearm, as long as such damage did not result from the willful and wrongful act or gross negligence of the federally licensed firearms dealer, law enforcement agency, storage facility, or private party.
C.R.S. § 13-2-126 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 2 / Section 13-2-126
13-2-126. Reports and session laws furnished
Status: in_force

13-2-126. Reports and session laws furnished. (1) The legal custodian of publications of the state of Colorado is directed to furnish to the law library of the university of Colorado free of charge from existing stocks if feasible and in any event as such publications are from time to time issued:

(a) Thirty copies each of the reports of the supreme court of the state of Colorado; and

(b) Fifty copies of any published regulations and decisions of the various administrative agencies of the state of Colorado; and

(b.5) Such number of copies, not to exceed fifty, of the session laws of Colorado as the law librarian for the university of Colorado may from time to time request; and

(c) Five copies each of the Colorado yearbook; and

(d) Two copies each of published legislative journals, published opinions and reports of the attorney general, and printed briefs and abstracts of record of the supreme court of Colorado.

(2) The law library is authorized to exchange any or all of the above publications for like publications of other jurisdictions.
C.R.S. § 13-53-106 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 53 / Section 13-53-106
13-53-106. Fees
Status: in_force

13-53-106. Fees. (1) (a) On and after July 1, 2008, any person filing a foreign judgment shall pay to the clerk of the court two hundred one dollars.

(b) Fees for docketing, transcription, or other enforcement proceedings shall be as provided for judgments of the courts of this state.

(c) Each fee collected pursuant to subsection (1)(a) of this section shall be transmitted to the state treasurer and divided as follows:

(I) Ninety dollars shall be deposited in the general fund;

(II) Sixty dollars shall be deposited in the judicial stabilization cash fund created in section 13-32-101 (6);

(III) Fifteen dollars shall be deposited in the justice center cash fund created in section 13-32-101 (7)(a);

(IV) One dollar shall be deposited in the general fund pursuant to section 2-5-119; and

(V) Thirty-five dollars shall be deposited in the office of public guardianship cash fund established pursuant to section 13-94-108 (1).

(2) Notwithstanding the amount specified for the fee in subsection (1) of this section, the chief justice of the supreme court by rule or as otherwise provided by law may reduce the amount of the fee if necessary pursuant to section 24-75-402 (3), C.R.S., to reduce the uncommitted reserves of the fund to which all or any portion of the fee is credited. After the uncommitted reserves of the fund are sufficiently reduced, the chief justice by rule or as otherwise provided by law may increase the amount of the fee as provided in section 24-75-402 (4), C.R.S.
C.R.S. § 13-14.5-104 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 14.5 / Section 13-14.5-104
13-14.5-104. Petition for extreme risk protection order
Status: in_force

13-14.5-104. Petition for extreme risk protection order. (1) (a) A petition for an extreme risk protection order may be filed by a family or household member of the respondent, a community member, or a law enforcement officer or agency. If the petition is filed by a law enforcement officer or agency, a county or city attorney shall represent the officer or agency in any judicial proceeding upon request. If the petition is filed by a family or household member or community member, the petitioner, to the best of the petitioner's ability, shall notify the law enforcement agency in the jurisdiction where the respondent resides of the petition and the hearing date with enough advance notice to allow for participation or attendance. Upon the filing of a petition, the court shall appoint an attorney to represent the respondent, and the court shall include the appointment in the notice of hearing provided to the respondent pursuant to section 13-14.5-105 (1)(a). The respondent may replace the attorney with an attorney of the respondent's own selection at any time at the respondent's own expense. The court shall pay the attorney fees for an attorney appointed for the respondent.

(b) Notwithstanding any provision of law to the contrary, a licensed health-care professional or mental health professional authorized to file a petition for an extreme risk protection order, upon filing the petition for an extreme risk protection order, is authorized to disclose protected health information of the respondent as necessary for the full investigation and disposition of the petition for an extreme risk protection order. When disclosing protected health information, the licensed health-care professional or mental health professional shall make reasonable efforts to limit protected health information to the minimum necessary to accomplish the filing of the request. Upon receipt of a petition by a licensed health-care professional or mental health professional and for good cause shown, the court may issue orders to obtain any records or documents relating to diagnosis, prognosis, or treatment, and clinical records of the respondent as necessary for the full investigation and disposition of the petition for an extreme risk protection order. When protected health information is disclosed or when the court receives any records or documents related to diagnosis, prognosis, or treatment or clinical records, the court shall order that the parties are prohibited from using or disclosing the protected health information for any purpose other than the proceedings for a petition for an extreme risk protection order and shall order the return to the covered entity or destroy the protected health information, including all copies made, at the end of the litigation or proceeding. The court shall seal all records and other health information received that contain protected health information. The decision of a licensed health-care professional or mental health professional to disclose or not to disclose records or documents relating to the diagnosis, prognosis, or treatment, and clinical records of a respondent, when made reasonably and in good faith, must not be the basis for any civil, administrative, or criminal liability with respect to the licensed health-care professional or mental health professional.

(2) (a) Venue for filing a petition pursuant to this section if the petitioner is a family or household member is proper in any county where the acts that are the subject of the petition occur, in any county where one of the parties resides, or in any county where one of the parties is employed. This requirement for venue does not prohibit the change of venue to any other county appropriate under applicable law.

(b) A petition for an extreme risk protection order by a petitioner who is not a family or household member must be filed in the county where the respondent resides.

(3) A petition must:

(a) Allege that the respondent poses a significant risk of causing personal injury to self or others by having in the respondent's custody or control a firearm or by purchasing, possessing, or receiving a firearm and must be accompanied by an affidavit, signed under oath and penalty of perjury, stating the specific statements, actions, or facts that give rise to a reasonable fear of future dangerous acts by the respondent;

(b) Identify the number, types, and locations of any firearms the petitioner believes to be in the respondent's current ownership, possession, custody, or control;

(c) Identify whether the respondent is required to possess, carry, or use a firearm as a condition of the respondent's current employment;

(d) Identify whether there is a known existing domestic abuse protection order or emergency protection order governing the petitioner or respondent;

(e) Identify whether there is a pending lawsuit, complaint, petition, or other action between the parties to the petition; and

(f) If the petitioner is not a law enforcement agency, identify whether the petitioner informed a local law enforcement agency regarding the respondent.

(4) The court shall verify the terms of any existing order identified pursuant to subsection (3)(d) of this section governing the parties. The court may not delay granting relief because of the existence of a pending action between the parties. A petition for an extreme risk protection order may be granted whether or not there is a pending action between the parties.

(5) If the petition states that disclosure of the petitioner's address would risk harm to the petitioner or any member of the petitioner's family or household, the petitioner's address may be omitted from all documents filed with the court. If the petitioner has not disclosed an address pursuant to this section, the petitioner must designate an alternative address at which the respondent may serve notice of any motions. If the petitioner is a law enforcement officer or agency, the address of record must be that of the law enforcement agency.

(6) A court or public agency shall not charge a fee for filing or service of process to a petitioner seeking relief pursuant to this article 14.5. A petitioner or respondent must be provided the necessary number of certified copies, forms, and instructional brochures free of charge.

(7) A person is not required to post a bond to obtain relief in any proceeding pursuant to this section.

(8) The district and county courts of the state of Colorado have jurisdiction over proceedings pursuant to this article 14.5.
C.R.S. § 13-4-101 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 4 / Section 13-4-101
13-4-101. Establishment
Status: in_force

13-4-101. Establishment. There is hereby created the court of appeals, pursuant to section 1 of article VI of the state constitution. The court of appeals shall be a court of record. Judges of the court of appeals may serve in any state court with full authority as provided by law, when called upon to do so by the chief justice of the supreme court.
C.R.S. § 13-40-103 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 40 / Section 13-40-103
13-40-103. Forcible detention prohibited
Status: in_force

13-40-103. Forcible detention prohibited. No person, having peaceably entered into or upon any real property without right to the possession thereof, shall forcibly hold or detain the same as against the person who has a lawful right to such possession.
C.R.S. § 13-9-117 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 9 / Section 13-9-117
13-9-117. Juries
Status: in_force

13-9-117. Juries. When required, juries may be selected and summoned as provided for courts of record in articles 71 to 74 of this title. With the permission of the district court, the probate court may use the panel of jurors summoned for the district court of the second judicial district.
C.R.S. § 13-9-118 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 9 / Section 13-9-118
13-9-118. Judgments
Status: in_force

13-9-118. Judgments. The judgments of the probate court shall be enforceable in the same manner as judgments of the district court and may be made liens upon real estate or other property in the manner provided by law for judgments of the district court.
C.R.S. § 13-73-105 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 73 / Section 13-73-105
13-73-105. Judicial supervision
Status: in_force

13-73-105. Judicial supervision. Judicial supervision of the state grand jury shall be maintained by the chief judge who issued the order impaneling such grand jury, and all indictments, reports, and other formal returns of any kind made by such grand jury shall be returned to that judge.
C.R.S. § 13-71-132 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 71 / Section 13-71-132
13-71-132. Juror service acknowledgment information - requests - payment
Status: in_force

13-71-132. Juror service acknowledgment information - requests - payment. (1) The juror service acknowledgment shall contain the following information: The name of the juror; the jury commissioner contact information and the number of days of juror service performed; a declaration of the duty of the employer to compensate an employed juror for the first three days, or any part thereof, of juror service; the right of an employer to be excused from such duty by the court upon a showing of extreme financial hardship; and any other information deemed appropriate by the jury commissioner. The jury commissioner shall retain juror service acknowledgment information for each juror and make it available electronically via the internet for twelve months after the juror completes his or her service.

(2) If a juror requests juror service acknowledgment information relating to his or her juror service at any time during the twelve-month period described in subsection (1) of this section, the jury commissioner shall provide the information within sixty days after the request.

(3) Trial juror payments for each juror's service shall be processed by the state by check or electronic funds transfer within ten days after the conclusion of the juror's service. The state shall process grand juror payments at least on a monthly basis. Each payment shall include all compensation for juror service and reimbursement for authorized expenses incurred by the juror during the previous time period. The state court administrator shall prepare and disburse these payments based upon information received from jury commissioners.
C.R.S. § 13-25-105 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 25 / Section 13-25-105
13-25-105. Certificate of register - patent
Status: in_force

13-25-105. Certificate of register - patent. The official certificate of any register or receiver of any land office of the United States to any fact or matter on record in his office shall be received and held competent to prove the fact as certified. The certificate of any such register of the entry or purchase of any tract of land within his district shall be taken to be evidence of title in the party who made such entry or purchase, or his heirs and assigns; but a patent for land shall be considered a better legal and paramount title in the patentee, his heirs, or his assigns than such register's certificate of the entry and purchase of the same land.
C.R.S. § 13-20-602 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 20 / Part 6 / Section 13-20-602
13-20-602. Actions against licensed professionals and acupuncturists - certificate of revie
Status: in_force

13-20-602. Actions against licensed professionals and acupuncturists - certificate of review required. (1) (a) In every action for damages or indemnity based upon the alleged professional negligence of an acupuncturist regulated pursuant to article 200 of title 12 or a licensed professional, the plaintiff's or complainant's attorney shall file with the court a certificate of review for each acupuncturist or licensed professional named as a party, as specified in subsection (3) of this section, within sixty days after the service of the complaint, counterclaim, or cross claim against such person unless the court determines that a longer period is necessary for good cause shown.

(b) A certificate of review shall be filed with respect to every action described in paragraph (a) of this subsection (1) against a company or firm that employed a person specified in such paragraph (a) at the time of the alleged negligence, even if such person is not named as a party in such action.

(2) In the event of failure to file a certificate of review in accordance with this section and if the acupuncturist or licensed professional defending the claim believes that an expert is necessary to prove the claim of professional negligence, the defense may move the court for an order requiring filing of such a certificate. The court shall give priority to deciding such a motion, and in no event shall the court allow the case to be set for trial without a decision on such motion.

(3) (a) A certificate of review shall be executed by the attorney for the plaintiff or complainant declaring:

(I) That the attorney has consulted a person who has expertise in the area of the alleged negligent conduct; and

(II) That the professional who has been consulted pursuant to subparagraph (I) of this paragraph (a) has reviewed the known facts, including such records, documents, and other materials which the professional has found to be relevant to the allegations of negligent conduct and, based on the review of such facts, has concluded that the filing of the claim, counterclaim, or cross claim does not lack substantial justification within the meaning of section 13-17-102 (4).

(b) The court, in its discretion, may require the identity of the acupuncturist or licensed professional who was consulted pursuant to subparagraph (I) of paragraph (a) of this subsection (3) to be disclosed to the court and may verify the content of such certificate of review. The identity of the professional need not be identified to the opposing party or parties in the civil action.

(c) In an action alleging professional negligence of a physician, the certificate of review shall declare that the person consulted meets the requirements of section 13-64-401; or in any action against any other professional, that the person consulted can demonstrate by competent evidence that, as a result of training, education, knowledge, and experience, the consultant is competent to express an opinion as to the negligent conduct alleged.

(4) The failure to file a certificate of review in accordance with this section shall result in the dismissal of the complaint, counterclaim, or cross claim.

(5) These provisions shall not affect the rights and obligations under section 13-17-102.
C.R.S. § 13-21-115 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 21 / Part 1 / Section 13-21-115
13-21-115. Actions against landowners - short title - legislative declaration - definitions
Status: in_force

13-21-115. Actions against landowners - short title - legislative declaration - definitions. (1) The short title of this section is the "Colorado Premises Liability Act".

(2) The general assembly finds and declares that:

(a) The provisions of this section were enacted in 1986 to promote a state policy of responsibility by both landowners and those upon the land as well as to ensure that the ability of an injured party to recover is correlated with the injured party's status as a trespasser, licensee, or invitee;

(b) These objectives were characterized by the Colorado supreme court as "legitimate governmental interests" in Gallegos v. Phipps, 779 P.2d 856 (Colo. 1989);

(c) The purpose of amending this section in the 1990 legislative session was to:

(I) Ensure that the language of this section effectuates these legitimate governmental interests by imposing on landowners a higher standard of care with respect to an invitee than a licensee and a higher standard of care with respect to a licensee than a trespasser; and

(II) Create a legal climate that will promote private property rights and commercial enterprise and foster the availability and affordability of insurance;

(d) The general assembly recognizes that by amending this section it is not reinstating the common law status categories as they existed immediately prior to Mile Hi Fence v. Radovich, 175 Colo. 537, 489 P.2d 308 (1971) but that its purpose is to protect landowners from liability in some circumstances when they were not protected at common law and to define the instances when liability will be imposed in the manner most consistent with the policies set forth in subsections (2)(a) and (2)(c) of this section; and

(e) (I) The Rocky Mountain Planned Parenthood, Inc. v. Wagner, 2020 CO 51, 467 P.3d 287, and Wagner v. Planned Parenthood Federation of America, Inc., 2019 COA 26, 471 P.3d 1089, decisions do not accurately reflect the intent of the general assembly regarding landowner liability and must not be relied upon in applying this section to the extent that the majority opinions determined:

(A) The foreseeability of third-party criminal conduct based upon whether the goods or services offered by a landowner are controversial; and

(B) That a landowner could be held liable as a substantial factor in causing harm without considering whether a third-party criminal act was the predominant cause of that harm, as noted by the dissenting justices and judge.

(II) In making this declaration, the general assembly does not intend to reject or otherwise disturb any judicial decision other than the Wagner decisions.

(3) In any civil action brought against a landowner by a person who alleges injury occurring while on the real property of another and by reason of the condition of such property, or activities conducted or circumstances existing on such property, the landowner is liable only as provided in subsection (4) of this section. Sections 13-21-111, 13-21-111.5, and 13-21-111.7 apply to an action to which this section applies. This subsection (3) must not be construed to abrogate the doctrine of attractive nuisance as applied to persons under fourteen years of age. A person who is at least fourteen years of age but is less than eighteen years of age is presumed competent for purposes of the application of this section.

(4) (a) A trespasser may only recover damages willfully or deliberately caused by the landowner.

(b) A licensee may only recover damages caused:

(I) By the landowner's unreasonable failure to exercise reasonable care with respect to dangers created by the landowner that the landowner actually knew about; or

(II) By the landowner's unreasonable failure to warn of dangers not created by the landowner that are not ordinarily present on property of the type involved and that the landowner actually knew about.

(c) (I) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (4)(c)(II) of this section, an invitee may recover for damages caused by the landowner's unreasonable failure to exercise reasonable care to protect against dangers the landowner actually knew about or should have known about.

(II) If the landowner's real property is classified for property tax purposes as agricultural land or vacant land, an invitee may recover for damages caused by the landowner's unreasonable failure to exercise reasonable care to protect against dangers the landowner actually knew about.

(5) It is the intent of the general assembly in enacting the provisions of subsection (4) of this section that the circumstances under which a licensee may recover include all of the circumstances under which a trespasser could recover and that the circumstances under which an invitee may recover include all of the circumstances under which a trespasser or a licensee could recover.

(6) In any action to which this section applies, the court shall determine whether the plaintiff is a trespasser, a licensee, or an invitee, in accordance with the definitions set forth in subsection (7) of this section. If two or more landowners are party defendants to the action, the court shall determine the application of this section to each landowner. The issues of liability and damages in any such action must be determined by the jury or, if there is no jury, by the court.

(7) As used in this section, unless the context otherwise requires:

(a) "Invitee" means a person who enters or remains on the land of another to transact business in which the parties are mutually interested or who enters or remains on such land in response to the landowner's express or implied representation that the public is requested, expected, or intended to enter or remain.

(b) "Landowner" means, without limitation, an authorized agent or a person in possession of real property and a person legally responsible for the condition of real property or for the activities conducted or circumstances existing on real property.

(c) "Licensee" means a person who enters or remains on the land of another for the licensee's own convenience or to advance the licensee's own interests, pursuant to the landowner's permission or consent. "Licensee" includes a social guest.

(d) "Trespasser" means a person who enters or remains on the land of another without the landowner's consent.

(8) If any provision of this section is found by a court of competent jurisdiction to be unconstitutional, the remaining provisions of the section are deemed valid.