C.R.S. § 13-5.5-105 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 5.5 / Section 13-5.5-105
13-5.5-105. Powers and duties of the state and district commissions - rules
Status: in_force

13-5.5-105. Powers and duties of the state and district commissions - rules. (1) In addition to any other powers conferred or duties assigned upon the separate commissions by this article 5.5, all commissions have the following powers and duties:

(a) To review any available case management data and statistics provided by the state court administrator, the state commission, and district commissions related to individual justices and judges. A district commission may ask the state court administrator to provide supplemental information and assistance in assessing a judge's overall case management.

(b) To review written judicial opinions and orders authorized by justices and judges under the commission's oversight;

(c) To collect information from courtroom observation by commissioners of justices and judges, as well as information provided to the commissions by the volunteer courtroom observer program;

(d) To interview justices and judges under the commission's oversight and to accept information and documentation from interested persons as necessary, including judicial performance surveys;

(e) To make recommendations and prepare narratives that reflect the results of performance evaluations of justices and judges; and

(f) At an individual commission's discretion after it completes an interim evaluation of a justice or judge pursuant to section 13-5.5-109, to recommend that the chief justice or appropriate chief judge develop an individual judicial improvement plan pursuant to section 13-5.5-110.

(2) In addition to other powers conferred and duties imposed upon the state commission by this article 5.5 and section 13-5.5-106, the state commission has the following powers and duties:

(a) To appoint and supervise the executive director of the office on judicial performance evaluation;

(b) To assist the executive director in managing the office and providing fiscal oversight of the office's operating budget;

(c) To review data, prepare narratives, and make recommendations related to individual supreme court justices and judges of the court of appeals in accordance with sections 13-5.5-108 and 13-5.5-109;

(d) (I) To develop surveys to evaluate the performance of justices and judges, which surveys are completed by individuals who interact with the court, including but not limited to attorneys, jurors, represented and unrepresented litigants; law enforcement personnel; attorneys within the district attorneys' and public defenders' offices, employees of the court, court interpreters, employees of probation offices, and employees of county departments of human or social services; and victims of crimes, as defined in section 24-4.1-302 (5);

(I.5) The surveys developed pursuant to subsection (2)(d)(I) of this section are to be distributed primarily through electronic means, and the state commission shall make efforts to locate electronic mail addresses for the parties identified in said subsection.

(II) To develop rules, guidelines, and procedures to make the results of surveys developed pursuant to this subsection (2)(d) readily available to all parties set forth in subsection (2)(d)(I) of this section;

(III) To develop rules, guidelines, and procedures to provide interested parties with accessible and timely opportunities to review the surveys developed pursuant to this subsection (2)(d); and

(IV) To develop rules, guidelines, and procedures to make the surveys developed pursuant to this subsection (2)(d) and any available survey reports available to the public;

(e) To determine the validity of completed surveys developed pursuant to this subsection (2), report to the district commissions on the validity of the surveys for their districts, and prepare alternatives to surveys where sample populations are inadequate to produce valid results;

(f) To produce and distribute survey reports and public narratives that reflect the results of each judicial performance evaluation;

(g) To develop rules, guidelines, and procedures for the review of the deliberation procedures established by the district commissions; except that the state commission does not have the power or duty to review actual determinations made by a district commission;

(h) To promulgate rules pursuant to section 13-5.5-106 concerning:

(I) The evaluation of justices and judges based on performance evaluation criteria set forth in section 13-5.5-107;

(II) The creation of a standards matrix or scorecard related to the performance evaluation criteria set forth in section 13-5.5-107; and

(III) The continuous collection of data for use in the evaluation process, including surveys developed pursuant to subsection (2)(d) of this section;

(i) To develop rules, guidelines, and procedures concerning a systemwide judicial training program and a systemwide volunteer courtroom observer program; and

(j) To prepare a report pursuant to section 13-5.5-114.

(3) In addition to other powers conferred and duties imposed upon a district commission by this article 5.5, in conformity with the rules, guidelines, and procedures adopted by the state commission pursuant to section 13-5.5-106 and the state commission's review of the deliberation procedures pursuant to subsection (2) of this section, each district commission has the following powers and duties:

(a) To obtain information from parties and attorneys regarding judges' handling of cases with respect to the judges' fairness, patience with pro se parties, gender neutrality, racial disparity, and handling of emotional parties;

(b) To review data, prepare narratives, and make evaluations related to judges pursuant to the provisions of sections 13-5.5-108 and 13-5.5-109; and

(c) Upon completing the required recommendations and narratives pursuant to subsection (1) of this section, to collect all documents and other information, including all surveys and copies, received regarding each judge who was evaluated and forward such documents and information to the state commission within thirty days.

(4) Unless recused pursuant to a provision of this article 5.5, each commissioner of the state and district commissions has the discretion to evaluate the performance of a justice or judge under the commission's oversight and vote as to whether the justice or judge meets the performance standard based upon the commissioner's review of all of the information available to the commission.
C.R.S. § 13-71-119.5 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 71 / Section 13-71-119.5
13-71-119.5. Persons entitled to be excused from jury service
Status: in_force

13-71-119.5. Persons entitled to be excused from jury service. (1) The general assembly finds and declares that it is the policy of this state that all qualified citizens have an obligation to serve on juries when summoned by the courts of this state unless excused in accordance with the provisions of this article.

(2) (a) (I) A person shall be excused temporarily from service as a juror if his or her jury service would cause undue or extreme physical hardship to him or her or to another person under his or her direct care or supervision.

(II) The provisions of this subsection (2) shall apply notwithstanding the fact that the person does not have sole responsibility for the care of another person as described in section 13-71-105 (2)(d).

(b) A judge or jury commissioner of the court for which a person was summoned for jury service shall determine whether jury service would cause the prospective juror or another person under his or her direct care undue or extreme physical hardship.

(c) A person who requests to be excused under this subsection (2) shall take all actions necessary to obtain a determination on the request before the date on which the person is scheduled to appear for jury duty.

(d) For purposes of this subsection (2), undue or extreme physical hardship shall be limited to circumstances in which a person:

(I) Would be required to abandon a person under his or her direct care or supervision because of the inability to obtain an appropriate substitute care provider during the period of jury service; or

(II) Would suffer physical hardship possibly resulting in illness or disease.

(e) A person who requests to be excused under the provisions of this subsection (2) may provide the judge or jury commissioner documentation that supports the request to be excused, including but not limited to medical statements, proof of dependency or guardianship, or other similar documents. The judge or jury commissioner may excuse a person if the documentation clearly supports the request to be excused. The documents comprising the documentation described in this subsection (2) shall not be deemed public records and shall not be disclosed to the public.

(2.5) A person who is breast-feeding a child and is temporarily unable to or chooses not to leave the child in order to serve on a jury must be excused temporarily from service as a juror for up to two consecutive twelve-month postponements. The judge or jury commissioner may request a medical statement in support of the postponement. A medical statement provided pursuant to this subsection (2.5) is not a public record and must not be disclosed to the public.

(3) A person who is temporarily excused pursuant to this section shall become eligible for qualification as a juror when the temporary excuse expires, as determined by the court. A person may be permanently excused only if the judge or jury commissioner determines that the grounds for being excused from jury service are permanent in nature.

(4) The provisions of this section shall not apply to impaneled jurors or to deliberating jurors described in section 13-71-119.
C.R.S. § 13-5-132 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 5 / Part 1 / Section 13-5-132
13-5-132. Powers of judges sitting separately
Status: in_force

13-5-132. Powers of judges sitting separately. Each court held by the several judges, while sitting separately, shall be known as the district court in and for the county where such court is held and shall have the same power to vacate or modify its own judgments, decrees, or orders rendered or made while so held as if the said court were composed of a single judge.
C.R.S. § 13-51-102 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 51 / Section 13-51-102
13-51-102. Legislative declaration
Status: in_force

13-51-102. Legislative declaration. This article is declared to be remedial; its purpose is to settle and to afford relief from uncertainty and insecurity with respect to rights, status, and other legal relations; and it is to be liberally construed and administered.
C.R.S. § 13-16-123 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 16 / Section 13-16-123
13-16-123. Award of fees and costs to garnishee
Status: in_force

13-16-123. Award of fees and costs to garnishee. In any action before the court in which a garnishee incurs attorney fees in excess of the cost of preparing and filing his answer, the court may order that the costs of the proceeding, mileage fees as a witness, and reasonable attorney fees be paid to the garnishee when the court finds that the bringing, maintaining, or defense of the action involving the garnishee was frivolous, groundless, or without reasonable basis. The award of costs and fees may be allocated among the parties as the court deems just.
C.R.S. § 13-22-106 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 22 / Part 1 / Section 13-22-106
13-22-106. Minors - consent - sexual offense
Status: in_force

13-22-106. Minors - consent - sexual offense. (1) Any physician licensed to practice in this state, upon consultation by a minor as a patient who indicates that he or she was the victim of a sexual offense pursuant to part 4 of article 3 of title 18, C.R.S., with the consent of such minor patient, may perform customary and necessary examinations to obtain evidence of the sexual offense and may prescribe for and treat the patient for any immediate condition caused by the sexual offense.

(2) (a) Prior to examining or treating a minor pursuant to subsection (1) of this section, a physician shall make a reasonable effort to notify the parent, parents, legal guardian, or any other person having custody or decision-making responsibility with respect to the medical care of such minor of the sexual offense.

(b) So long as the minor has consented, the physician may examine and treat the minor as provided for in subsection (1) of this section whether or not the physician has been able to make the notification provided for in paragraph (a) of this subsection (2) and whether or not those notified have given consent, but, if the person having custody or decision-making responsibility with respect to the minor's medical care objects to treatment, then the physician shall proceed under the provisions of part 3 of article 3 of title 19, C.R.S.

(c) Nothing in this section shall be deemed to relieve any person from the requirements of the provisions of part 3 of article 3 of title 19, C.R.S., concerning child abuse.

(3) If a minor is unable to give the consent required by this section by reason of age or mental or physical condition and it appears that the minor has been the victim of a sexual assault, the physician shall not examine or treat the minor as provided in subsection (1) of this section but shall proceed under the provisions of part 3 of article 3 of title 19, C.R.S.

(4) A physician shall incur no civil or criminal liability by reason of having examined or treated a minor pursuant to subsection (1) of this section, but this immunity shall not apply to any negligent acts or omissions by the physician.
C.R.S. § 13-14-110 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 14 / Section 13-14-110
13-14-110. Foreign protection orders
Status: in_force

13-14-110. Foreign protection orders. (1) Definitions. As used in this section, "foreign protection order" means any protection or restraining order, injunction, or other order issued for the purpose of preventing violent or threatening acts or harassment against, or contact or communication with or physical proximity to, another person, including temporary or final orders, other than child support or custody orders, issued by a civil or criminal court of another state, an Indian tribe, or a United States territory or commonwealth.

(2) Full faith and credit. Courts of this state shall accord full faith and credit to a foreign protection order as if the order were an order of this state, notwithstanding section 14-11-101, C.R.S., and article 53 of this title, if the order meets all of the following conditions:

(a) The foreign protection order was obtained after providing the person against whom the protection order was sought reasonable notice and an opportunity to be heard sufficient to protect his or her due process rights. If the foreign protection order is an ex parte injunction or order, the person against whom it was obtained must have been given notice and an opportunity to be heard within a reasonable time after the order was issued sufficient to protect his or her due process rights.

(b) The court that issued the order had jurisdiction over the parties and over the subject matter; and

(c) The order complies with section 13-14-106 (3).

(3) Process. A person entitled to protection under a foreign protection order may, but is not required to, file such order in the district or county court by filing with such court a certified copy of such order, which must be entered into the central registry of protection orders created in section 18-6-803.7, C.R.S. The certified order must be accompanied by an affidavit in which the protected person affirms to the best of his or her knowledge that the order has not been changed or modified since it was issued. There shall be no filing fee charged. It is the responsibility of the protected person to notify the court if the protection order is subsequently modified.

(4) Enforcement. Filing of the foreign protection order in the central registry or otherwise domesticating or registering the order pursuant to article 53 of this title or section 14-11-101, C.R.S., is not a prerequisite to enforcement of the foreign protection order. A peace officer shall presume the validity of, and enforce in accordance with the provisions of this article, a foreign protection order that appears to be an authentic court order that has been provided to the peace officer by any source. If the protected party does not have a copy of the foreign protection order on his or her person and the peace officer determines that a protection order exists through the central registry, the national crime information center as described in 28 U.S.C. sec. 534, or through communication with appropriate authorities, the peace officer shall enforce the order. A peace officer may rely upon the statement of any person protected by a foreign protection order that it remains in effect. A peace officer who is acting in good faith when enforcing a foreign protection order is not civilly liable or criminally liable pursuant to section 18-6-803.5 (5), C.R.S.
C.R.S. § 13-20-802.5 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 20 / Part 8 / Section 13-20-802.5
13-20-802.5. Definitions
Status: in_force

13-20-802.5. Definitions. As used in this part 8, unless the context otherwise requires:

(1) "Action" means a civil action or an arbitration proceeding for damages, indemnity, or contribution brought against a construction professional to assert a claim, counterclaim, cross-claim, or third party claim for damages or loss to, or the loss of use of, real or personal property or personal injury caused by a defect in the design or construction of an improvement to real property.

(2) "Actual damages" means the fair market value of the real property without the alleged construction defect, the replacement cost of the real property, or the reasonable cost to repair the alleged construction defect, whichever is less, together with relocation costs, and, with respect to residential property, other direct economic costs related to loss of use, if any, interest as provided by law, and such costs of suit and reasonable attorney fees as may be awardable pursuant to contract or applicable law. "Actual damages" as to personal injury means those damages recoverable by law, except as limited by the provisions of section 13-20-806 (4).

(3) "Claimant" means a person other than the attorney general or the district attorneys of the several judicial districts of the state who asserts a claim against a construction professional that alleges a defect in the construction of an improvement to real property.

(4) "Construction professional" means an architect, contractor, subcontractor, developer, builder, builder vendor, engineer, or inspector performing or furnishing the design, supervision, inspection, construction, or observation of the construction of any improvement to real property. If the improvement to real property is to a commercial property, the term "construction professional" shall also include any prior owner of the commercial property, other than the claimant, at the time the work was performed. As used in this subsection (4), "commercial property" means property that is zoned to permit commercial, industrial, or office types of use.

(5) "Notice of claim" means a written notice sent by a claimant to the last-known address of a construction professional against whom the claimant asserts a construction defect claim that describes the claim in reasonable detail sufficient to determine the general nature of the defect, including a general description of the type and location of the construction that the claimant alleges to be defective and any damages claimed to have been caused by the defect.
C.R.S. § 13-94-103 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 94 / Section 13-94-103
13-94-103. Definitions
Status: in_force

13-94-103. Definitions. (1) Except as otherwise indicated in this section, the definitions set forth in section 15-14-102 apply to this article 94.

(2) As used in this article 94, unless the context otherwise requires:

(a) "Board" means the board of directors for the office of public guardianship created pursuant to section 13-94-104.1.

(a.5) "Client" means a person receiving guardianship services from the office.

(b) "Direct care provider" means a health-care facility, as defined in section 15-14-505 (5), or a health-care provider, as defined in section 15-14-505 (6).

(c) "Director" means the director of the office, appointed by the board pursuant to section 13-94-104.1.

(d) "Guardian" means an individual employed by the office to provide guardianship services on behalf of the office to one or more adults.

(e) "Office" means the office of public guardianship created in section 13-94-105.

(f) "Public guardianship services" means the services provided by a guardian appointed under this article 94 who is compensated by the office.
C.R.S. § 13-8-102 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 8 / Section 13-8-102
13-8-102. Court of record - powers
Status: in_force

13-8-102. Court of record - powers. The juvenile court shall be a court of record with such powers as are inherent in constitutionally created courts and with such legal and equitable powers to effectuate its jurisdiction and carry out its orders, judgments, and decrees as are possessed by the district courts.
C.R.S. § 13-71-107 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 71 / Section 13-71-107
13-71-107. Master juror list
Status: in_force

13-71-107. Master juror list. (1) Each year, the state court administrator shall obtain from the secretary of state a voter registration list for each county in the state. The state court administrator shall also obtain licensed driver lists from the department of revenue, and, where available, the department of revenue shall match said drivers license records with the most recent address of the individual used for income tax purposes and supply any additional income tax address to the court administrator. The state court administrator may obtain other lists of residents of the state as necessary and desirable. The voter registration lists, as supplemented and modified by other lists, may be used to compile the master juror list for the following year. A copy of the master juror list that does not contain addresses of the jurors shall be open to the public for examination as a public record.

(2) Any person who has custody, possession, or control of any list to be used in compiling the master juror list shall furnish, upon request, a copy of that list to the state court administrator.
C.R.S. § 13-6-214 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 6 / Part 2 / Section 13-6-214
13-6-214. Other employees
Status: in_force

13-6-214. Other employees. (1) In counties of Class A, such deputy clerks, assistants, reporters, stenographers, and bailiffs as shall be necessary for the transaction of the business of the county court may be appointed and their compensation fixed in the manner provided in the charter and ordinances thereof.

(2) In counties of Classes B, C, and D, there shall be appointed such deputy clerks, assistants, reporters, stenographers, and bailiffs as are necessary, in accordance with the provisions of section 13-3-105.
C.R.S. § 13-71-113 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 71 / Section 13-71-113
13-71-113. Modification of juror service
Status: in_force

13-71-113. Modification of juror service. In order to meet the urgent needs of the court, a jury commissioner may modify the date, location, or other condition of trial or grand juror service and may notify the prospective juror of the modification by telephone or other appropriate means.
C.R.S. § 13-9-101 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 9 / Section 13-9-101
13-9-101. Establishment
Status: in_force

13-9-101. Establishment. Pursuant to the provisions of section 1 of article VI of the Colorado constitution, there is hereby established the probate court of the city and county of Denver.
C.R.S. § 13-10-116 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 10 / Section 13-10-116
13-10-116. Appeals
Status: in_force

13-10-116. Appeals. (1) Appeals may be taken by any defendant from any judgment of a municipal court which is not a qualified municipal court of record to the county court of the county in which such municipal court is located, and the cause shall be tried de novo in the appellate court.

(2) Appeals taken from judgments of a qualified municipal court of record shall be made to the district court of the county in which the qualified municipal court of record is located. The practice and procedure in such case shall be the same as provided by section 13-6-310 and applicable rules of procedure for the appeal of misdemeanor convictions from the county court to the district court, and the appeal procedures set forth in this article shall not apply to such case.

(3) No municipality shall have any right to appeal from any judgment of a municipal court, not of record, concerning a violation of any charter provision or ordinance, but this subsection (3) shall not be construed to prevent a municipality from maintaining any action to construe, interpret, or determine the validity of any ordinance or charter provision involved in such proceeding. Nothing in this subsection (3) shall be construed to prevent a municipality from appealing any question of law arising from a proceeding in a qualified municipal court of record.

(4) If, in any municipal court, a defendant is denied a jury trial to which he is entitled under section 13-10-114, he is entitled to a trial by jury under section 16-10-109, C.R.S., and to a trial de novo upon application therefor on appeal.

(5) Notwithstanding any provision of law to the contrary, if confinement of a child is ordered pursuant to a contempt conviction as set forth in section 13-10-113 (4), appeal shall be to the juvenile court for the county in which the municipal court is located. Such appeals shall be advanced on the juvenile court's docket to the earliest possible date. Procedures applicable to such appeals shall be in the same manner as provided in subsections (1) and (2) of this section for appeals to the county court.
C.R.S. § 13-17.5-101 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 17.5 / Section 13-17.5-101
13-17.5-101. Legislative declaration
Status: in_force

13-17.5-101. Legislative declaration. (1) The general assembly declares that the state has a strong interest in limiting substantially frivolous, groundless, or vexatious inmate lawsuits that impose an undue burden on the state judicial system. While recognizing an inmate's right to access the courts for relief from unlawful state actions, the general assembly finds that a significant number of inmates file substantially frivolous, groundless, or vexatious lawsuits.

(2) The general assembly, therefore, determines that it is necessary to enact legislation that promotes efficiency in the disposition of inmate lawsuits by providing for preliminary matters to be determined by magistrates and to provide for sanctions against inmates who are allowed to file claims against public defendants and whose claims are dismissed as frivolous.
C.R.S. § 13-8-106 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 8 / Section 13-8-106
13-8-106. Activities of judge
Status: in_force

13-8-106. Activities of judge. A judge of the juvenile court shall devote his full time to judicial duties and shall not engage in the private practice of law while serving in office.
C.R.S. § 13-17-102 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 17 / Part 1 / Section 13-17-102
13-17-102. Attorney fees - licensed legal paraprofessional - definitions
Status: in_force

13-17-102. Attorney fees - licensed legal paraprofessional - definitions. (1) Subject to the provisions of this section, in any civil action of any nature commenced or appealed in any court of record in this state, the court may award, except as this article otherwise provides, as part of its judgment and in addition to any costs otherwise assessed, reasonable attorney fees.

(1.5) Subject to the provisions of this section, in any civil action, as described in section 13-93-302, commenced or appealed in any court of record in this state, the court may award, except as provided in this article 17, as part of its judgment and in addition to any costs otherwise assessed, reasonable licensed legal paraprofessional fees.

(2) Subject to the limitations set forth elsewhere in this article, in any civil action of any nature commenced or appealed in any court of record in this state, the court shall award, by way of judgment or separate order, reasonable attorney fees against any attorney or party who has brought or defended a civil action, either in whole or in part, that the court determines lacked substantial justification.

(2.1) Notwithstanding any other provision of this part 1, the filing of a certificate of review pursuant to section 13-20-602 related to any licensed health-care professional creates a rebuttable presumption that the claim or action is not frivolous or groundless, but it does not relieve the plaintiff or the plaintiff's attorney or licensed legal paraprofessional from ongoing obligations under rule 11 of Colorado rules of civil procedure.

(2.5) Subject to the limitations set forth elsewhere in this article 17, in any civil action, as described in section 13-93-302, commenced or appealed in any court of record in this state, the court shall award, by way of judgment or separate order, reasonable licensed legal paraprofessional fees against any attorney, licensed legal paraprofessional, or party who has brought or defended a civil action, either in whole or in part, that the court determines lacked substantial justification.

(3) When a court determines that reasonable attorney fees or reasonable licensed legal paraprofessional fees should be assessed, the court shall allocate the payment of the fees among the offending attorneys, licensed legal paraprofessionals, and parties, jointly or severally, as the court deems most just, and may charge an amount or portion to any offending attorney, licensed legal paraprofessional, or party.

(4) The court shall assess attorney fees or licensed legal paraprofessional fees if, upon the motion of any party or the court itself, the court finds that an attorney, licensed legal paraprofessional, or party brought or defended an action, or any part of an action, that lacked substantial justification or that the action, or any part of the action, was interposed for delay or harassment or if the court finds that an attorney, licensed legal paraprofessional, or party unnecessarily expanded the proceeding by other improper conduct, including, but not limited to, abuses of discovery procedures available under the Colorado rules of civil procedure or a designation by a defending party pursuant to section 13-21-111.5 (3) that lacked substantial justification.

(5) Attorney fees or licensed legal paraprofessional fees shall not be assessed if, after filing suit, a voluntary dismissal is filed as to any claim or action within a reasonable time after the attorney, licensed legal paraprofessional, or party filing the dismissal knew, or reasonably should have known, that the attorney, licensed legal paraprofessional, or party would not prevail on the claim or action.

(6) A party who is appearing without an attorney or licensed legal paraprofessional shall not be assessed attorney fees or licensed legal paraprofessional fees unless the court finds that the party clearly knew or reasonably should have known that the party's action or defense, or any part of the action or defense, was substantially frivolous, substantially groundless, or substantially vexatious; except that this subsection (6) does not apply to situations in which an attorney or legal paraprofessional licensed to practice law in this state is appearing without an attorney or a licensed legal paraprofessional, in which case, the attorney or licensed legal paraprofessional is held to the standards established for attorneys or licensed legal paraprofessionals elsewhere in this article 17.

(7) No attorney, licensed legal paraprofessional, or party shall be assessed attorney fees or licensed legal paraprofessional fees for any claim or defense that the court determines was asserted by the attorney, licensed legal paraprofessional, or party in a good faith attempt to establish a new theory of law in Colorado.

(8) This section shall not apply to traffic offenses, matters brought under the provisions of the "Colorado Children's Code", title 19, C.R.S., or related juvenile matters, or matters involving violations of municipal ordinances.

(9) As used in this article 17, unless the context otherwise requires:

(a) "Lacked substantial justification" means substantially frivolous, substantially groundless, or substantially vexatious.

(b) "Licensed legal paraprofessional" means an individual licensed by the Colorado supreme court pursuant to Colorado rules of civil procedure and article 93 of this title 13 to perform certain types of legal services. A "licensed legal paraprofessional" does not include an individual with a general license to practice law in Colorado.
C.R.S. § 13-14-106 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 14 / Section 13-14-106
13-14-106. Procedure for permanent civil protection orders
Status: in_force

13-14-106. Procedure for permanent civil protection orders. (1) (a) On the date of the permanent protection order hearing, or on the day to which the hearing has been continued, the judge or magistrate shall examine the record and the evidence. In all cases except those involving sexual violence, if upon the examination the judge or magistrate finds by a preponderance of the evidence that the respondent has committed acts constituting grounds for the issuance of a civil protection order and that unless restrained the respondent will continue to commit the acts or acts designed to intimidate or retaliate against the protected person, the judge or magistrate shall order the temporary civil protection order to be made permanent or enter a permanent civil protection order with provisions different from the temporary civil protection order. If upon the examination the judge or magistrate finds by a preponderance of the evidence that the respondent has engaged in a behavior constituting grounds for the issuance of a civil protection order on the basis of sexual violence and that a risk or threat of physical harm or the threat of psychological or emotional harm exists to the petitioner, the judge or magistrate shall order the temporary civil protection order to be made permanent or enter a permanent civil protection order with provisions different from the temporary civil protection order. The court shall not deny a petitioner the relief requested because a protection order has been issued pursuant to section 18-1-1001 or 18-1-1001.5. The court shall encourage the petitioner to notify the respondent if the petitioner intends not to appear at the permanent protection order hearing, but the court shall neither require the petitioner to attend nor assess attorney fees or costs against the petitioner for choosing not to attend the hearing, except as provided in section 13-17-102 (2), (4), and (6). The judge or magistrate shall inform the respondent that a violation of the civil permanent protection order constitutes a criminal offense pursuant to section 18-6-803.5 or constitutes contempt of court and subjects the respondent to such punishment as may be provided by law. If the respondent fails to appear before the court for the permanent protection order hearing at the time and on the date identified in the citation issued by the court and the court finds that the respondent was properly served with the temporary protection order and the citation, it is not necessary to re-serve the respondent and the court must issue a permanent protection order by default without requiring additional evidence or testimony. However, if the court modifies the protection order on the motion of the protected party, the modified protection order must be served upon the respondent, and if the temporary protection order includes an act of domestic violence, as defined in section 18-6-800.3, and the act of domestic violence involved the threat of use of physical force, use of physical force, or attempted use of physical force, the temporary protection order must also inform the respondent that the respondent must comply with section 13-14-105.5 by refraining from possessing or purchasing a firearm or ammunition for the duration of the order and relinquishing for the duration of the order a firearm or ammunition in the respondent's immediate possession or control or subject to the respondent's immediate possession or control.

(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (a) of this subsection (1), the judge or magistrate, after examining the record and the evidence, for good cause shown, may continue the temporary protection order and the show cause hearing to a date certain not to exceed one year after the date of the hearing if he or she determines such continuance would be in the best interests of the parties and if both parties are present at the hearing and agree to the continuance. In addition, each party may request one continuance for a period not to exceed fourteen days, which the judge or magistrate, after examining the record and the evidence, may grant upon a finding of good cause. The judge or magistrate shall inform the respondent that a violation of the temporary civil protection order constitutes a criminal offense pursuant to section 18-6-803.5, C.R.S., or constitutes contempt of court and subjects the respondent to such punishment as may be provided by law.

(c) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (b) of this subsection (1), for a protection order filed in a proceeding commenced under the "Uniform Dissolution of Marriage Act", article 10 of title 14, C.R.S., the court may, on the motion of either party if both parties agree to the continuance, continue the temporary protection order until the time of the final decree or final disposition of the action.

(2) The court shall electronically transfer into the central registry of protection orders established pursuant to section 18-6-803.7, C.R.S., a copy of any order issued pursuant to this section and shall deliver a copy of such order to the protected party.

(3) A court shall not grant a mutual protection order to prevent domestic abuse for the protection of opposing parties unless each party has met his or her burden of proof as described in section 13-14-104.5 (7) and the court makes separate and sufficient findings of fact to support the issuance of the mutual protection order to prevent domestic abuse for the protection of opposing parties. A party may not waive the requirements set forth in this subsection (3).
C.R.S. § 13-90-105 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 90 / Part 1 / Section 13-90-105
13-90-105. Incompetent not restored by release
Status: in_force

13-90-105. Incompetent not restored by release. In any civil action, suit, or proceeding, no person who would, if a party thereto, be incompetent to testify therein under the provisions of section 13-90-102 shall become competent by reason of any assignment or release of his claim made for the purpose of allowing such person to testify.
C.R.S. § 13-21-1403 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 21 / Part 14 / Section 13-21-1403
13-21-1403. Civil action - definitions
Status: in_force

13-21-1403. Civil action - definitions. (1) In this section, unless the context otherwise requires:

(a) "Harm" means physical harm, economic harm, and emotional distress whether or not accompanied by physical or economic harm.

(b) "Private" means:

(I) Created or obtained under circumstances in which the depicted individual had a reasonable expectation of privacy; or

(II) Made accessible through theft, bribery, extortion, fraud, false pretenses, voyeurism, or exceeding authorized access to an account, message, file, device, resource, or property.

(2) Except as otherwise provided in section 13-21-1404, a depicted individual who is identifiable and who has suffered harm from a person's intentional disclosure or threatened disclosure of an intimate image that was private without the depicted individual's consent has a cause of action against the person if the person knew or acted with reckless disregard for whether:

(a) The depicted individual did not consent to the disclosure;

(b) The intimate image was private; and

(c) The depicted individual was identifiable.

(3) The following conduct by a depicted individual does not establish by itself that the individual consented to the disclosure of the intimate image, which is the subject of the action, or that the individual lacked a reasonable expectation of privacy:

(a) Consent to the creation of the image; or

(b) Previous consensual disclosure of the image.

(4) A depicted individual who does not consent to sexual conduct or the uncovering of the part of the body depicted in the intimate image of the individual retains a reasonable expectation of privacy even if the image was created when the individual was in a public place.

(5) This section is not the exclusive remedy for an intentional disclosure or threatened disclosure of an intimate image; a plaintiff may also bring any other available common law or statutory claims.
C.R.S. § 13-22-308 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 22 / Part 3 / Section 13-22-308
13-22-308. Settlement of disputes
Status: in_force

13-22-308. Settlement of disputes. (1) If the parties involved in a dispute reach a full or partial agreement, the agreement upon request of the parties shall be reduced to writing and approved by the parties and their attorneys, if any. If reduced to writing and signed by the parties, the agreement may be presented to the court by any party or their attorneys, if any, as a stipulation and, if approved by the court, shall be enforceable as an order of the court.

(2) (Deleted by amendment, L. 91, p. 371, § 5, effective July 1, 1991.)
C.R.S. § 13-20-202 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 20 / Part 2 / Section 13-20-202
13-20-202. Civil causes abolished
Status: in_force

13-20-202. Civil causes abolished. All civil causes of action for breach of promise to marry, alienation of affections, criminal conversation, and seduction are hereby abolished.
C.R.S. § 13-16-115 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 16 / Section 13-16-115
13-16-115. In suit for use of another
Status: in_force

13-16-115. In suit for use of another. When any suit is commenced in the name of one person to the use of another, the person to whose use the action is brought shall be held liable and bound for the payment of all costs which the plaintiff may be adjudged or bound to pay, to be recovered by civil action.
C.R.S. § 13-6-107 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 6 / Part 1 / Section 13-6-107
13-6-107. Restraining orders to prevent emotional abuse of the elderly
Status: repealed

13-6-107. Restraining orders to prevent emotional abuse of the elderly. (Repealed)
C.R.S. § 13-14-104 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 14 / Section 13-14-104
13-14-104. Foreign protection orders
Status: repealed

13-14-104. Foreign protection orders. (Repealed)
C.R.S. § 13-40-104 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 40 / Section 13-40-104
13-40-104. Unlawful detention defined - definitions
Status: repealed

13-40-104. Unlawful detention defined - definitions. (1) A person has committed an unlawful detention of real property in the following cases:

(a) When entry is made, without right or title, into any vacant or unoccupied lands or tenements;

(b) When entry is made, wrongfully, into any public lands, tenements, mining claims, or other possessions which are claimed or held by a person who may have located, entered, or settled upon the same in conformity with the laws, rules, and regulations of the United States, or of this state, in relation thereto;

(c) When any lessee or tenant at will, or at sufferance, or for any period of time, of any nonresidential real property or residential premises described in section 38-12-1302 (1)(a), (1)(b), (1)(d), (1)(e), or (1)(f), including a specific or undivided portion of a building, holds over and continues in possession of the nonresidential real property or residential premises described in section 38-12-1302 (1)(a), (1)(b), (1)(d), (1)(e), or (1)(f), or any portion thereof, after the expiration of the term for which the nonresidential real property or residential premises described in section 38-12-1302 (1)(a), (1)(b), (1)(d), (1)(e), or (1)(f) was leased or after the tenancy has been terminated by either party;

(d) When such tenant or lessee holds over without permission of the tenant's or lessee's landlord after any default in the payment of rent pursuant to the agreement under which the tenant or lessee holds, and, ten days' notice in writing has been duly served upon the tenant or lessee holding over, requiring in the alternative the payment of the rent or the possession of the premises; except that, for a nonresidential agreement or an employer-provided housing agreement, three days' notice is required pursuant to this section, and for an exempt residential agreement, five days' notice is required pursuant to this section. No such agreement shall contain a waiver by the tenant of the notice requirement of this subsection (1)(d). It is not necessary, in order to work a forfeiture of such agreement for nonpayment of rent, to make a demand for such rent on the day on which the same becomes due; but a failure to pay such rent upon demand, when made, works a forfeiture.

(d.5) When such tenant or lessee holds over, without the permission of the landlord, contrary to any condition or covenant the violation of which is defined as a substantial violation in section 13-40-107.5, and notice in writing has been duly served upon such tenant or lessee in accordance with section 13-40-107.5;

(e) When a tenant or lessee holds over without permission, contrary to any material condition or covenant of the agreement under which the tenant or lessee holds, and ten days' notice in writing has been duly served upon the tenant or lessee requiring either compliance with the condition or covenant or the delivery of the possession of the premises; except that, for a nonresidential agreement or an employer-provided housing agreement, three days' notice is required, and for an exempt residential agreement, five days' notice is required;

(e.5) (I) When a tenant or lessee has previously been served with the notice described in paragraph (e) of this subsection (1) requiring compliance with a condition or covenant of the agreement, and subsequent to that notice holds over, without permission of the tenant or lessee's landlord, contrary to the same condition or covenant.

(II) A tenancy pursuant to a residential agreement may be terminated at any time pursuant to this subsection (1)(e.5) on the basis of a subsequent violation of the same condition or covenant of the agreement. The termination of a residential tenancy is effective ten days after service of written notice to terminate tenancy. Notwithstanding any other provision of this subsection (1)(e.5)(II), a tenancy pursuant to a nonresidential agreement, an exempt residential agreement, or an employer-provided housing agreement may be terminated at any time pursuant to this subsection (1)(e.5) on the basis of a subsequent violation. The termination of a nonresidential tenancy or an employer-provided housing tenancy is effective three days after service of written notice to terminate tenancy, and the termination of a tenancy pursuant to an exempt residential agreement is effective five days after service of written notice to terminate tenancy.

(e.8) When a tenant holds over and maintains possession of a residential premises after the landlord has properly initiated a no-fault eviction by satisfying the notice requirements and other requirements associated with the no-fault eviction, as described in section 38-12-1303 (3);

(f) When the property has been duly sold under any power of sale, contained in any mortgage or trust deed that was executed by such person, or any person under whom such person claims by title subsequent to date of the recording of such mortgage or trust deed, and the title under such sale has been duly perfected and the purchaser at such sale, or his or her assigns, has duly demanded the possession thereof;

(g) When the property has been duly sold under the judgment or decree of any court of competent jurisdiction and the party or privies to such judgment or decree, after the expiration of the time of redemption when redemption is allowed by law, refuse or neglect to surrender possession thereof after demand therefor has been duly made by the purchaser at such sale, or his or her assigns;

(h) When an heir or devisee continues in possession of any premises sold and conveyed by any personal representative with authority to sell, after demand therefor is duly made;

(i) When a vendee having obtained possession under an agreement to purchase lands or tenements, and having failed to comply with his agreement, withholds possession thereof from his vendor, or assigns, after demand therefor is duly made.

(j) (I) When a tenant or lessee holds over without permission of the landlord after the tenant or lessee has engaged in conduct that is disturbing others or causing a nuisance, which conduct interferes with the quiet enjoyment of the landlord, if the landlord lives in the same or an immediately adjacent property, or of others who reside in an immediately adjacent property, or of other tenants or occupants of the same property, or the tenant or lessee by reason of negligence damaged the housing accommodation, and ten days' notice in writing has been duly served upon the tenant or lessee, which notice contains a description of the specific conduct that disturbed others or caused a nuisance, requiring in the alternative cessation of the conduct that is disturbing others or causing a nuisance that interferes with the quiet enjoyment of the landlord, if the landlord lives in the same or immediately adjacent property, or other tenants or occupants of the same property, or maliciously or by reason of negligence damaged the housing accommodation or possession of the premises so held; except that, for a nonresidential agreement or an employer-provided housing agreement, three days' notice is required pursuant to this subsection (1)(j), and for an exempt residential agreement, five days' notice is required pursuant to this section.

(II) The lawful exercise by a tenant of any rights pursuant to any law or rule relating to occupancy of a property, including this subsection (1)(j), shall not be deemed to interfere with the quiet enjoyment of the landlord or other tenants or other ground for eviction pursuant to this subsection (1)(j).

(III) It shall not constitute a nuisance or disturbance for purposes of this subsection (1)(j) if a victim of domestic violence is being accused of causing a disturbance or nuisance as a direct result of being a victim of domestic violence. This exception applies only to victims of domestic violence and not to perpetrators.

(2) and (3) Repealed.

(4) (a) It shall not constitute an unlawful detention of real property as described in paragraph (d.5), (e), or (e.5) of subsection (1) of this section if the tenant or lessee is the victim of domestic violence, as that term is defined in section 18-6-800.3, C.R.S., or of domestic abuse, as that term is defined in section 13-14-101 (2), which domestic violence or domestic abuse was the cause of or resulted in the alleged unlawful detention and which domestic violence or domestic abuse has been documented by the following:

(I) A police report; or

(II) A valid civil or emergency protection order.

(b) A person is not guilty of an unlawful detention of real property pursuant to paragraph (a) of this subsection (4) if the alleged violation of the rental or lease agreement is a result of domestic violence or domestic abuse against the tenant or lessee.

(c) A rental, lease, or other such agreement shall not contain a waiver by the tenant or lessee of the protections provided in this subsection (4).

(d) Nothing in this subsection (4) shall prevent the landlord from seeking judgment for possession against the tenant or lessee of the premises who perpetuated the violence or abuse that was the cause of or resulted in the alleged unlawful detention.

(5) As used in this section, unless the context otherwise requires:

(a) "Employer-provided housing agreement" means a residential tenancy agreement between an employee and an employer when the employer or an affiliate of the employer acts as a landlord.

(b) "Exempt residential agreement" means a residential agreement leasing a single family home by a landlord who owns five or fewer single family rental homes and who provides notice in the agreement that a ten-day notice period required pursuant to this section does not apply to the tenancy entered into pursuant to the agreement.
C.R.S. § 13-64-501 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 64 / Part 5 / Section 13-64-501
13-64-501. Definitions
Status: in_force

13-64-501. Definitions. As used in this part 5, unless the context otherwise requires:

(1) "Health-care institution" means any licensed or certified hospital, health-care facility, dispensary, or other institution for the treatment or care of the sick or injured.

(2) "Health-care professional" means any person licensed in this state or any other state to practice medicine, chiropractic, or nursing.
C.R.S. § 13-59-103 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 59 / Section 13-59-103
13-59-103. Body execution in tort, when
Status: repealed

13-59-103. Body execution in tort, when. (Repealed)
C.R.S. § 13-33-105 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 33 / Section 13-33-105
13-33-105. Witness fees - claim for
Status: in_force

13-33-105. Witness fees - claim for. If any person entitled to a witness fee in any district court or county court makes an application to the clerk of such court for payment of the fee, the clerk, if the witness fee claimed was previously collected by him, shall pay the witness claimant the witness fee due. If the fee was not previously collected by the clerk, the state shall pay the witness claimant pursuant to section 13-3-104.
C.R.S. § 13-6-212 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 6 / Part 2 / Section 13-6-212
13-6-212. Duties of clerk
Status: in_force

13-6-212. Duties of clerk. (1) The powers and duties of the clerk of the county court shall be similar to the powers and duties of the clerk of the district court exclusive of the powers of the district court clerk in probate and shall include such duties as may be assigned to him by law, by court rules, and by the county judge.

(2) Upon approval by the chief justice of the supreme court, the chief judge of a judicial district may authorize, either generally or in specific cases, the clerk of the county court to do the following:

(a) Issue bench warrants, misdemeanor or felony warrants, and writs of restitution upon written or oral order of a judge;

(b) Advise defendants in criminal cases of their procedural and constitutional rights;

(c) Accept pleas of not guilty in all criminal cases and set dates for hearings or trials in such cases;

(d) Subject to the requirements of the Colorado rules of civil procedure, enter default and default judgments and issue process for the enforcement of said judgments;

(e) Under the direction of a judge, grant continuances, set motions for hearing, and set cases for trial; and

(f) With the consent of the defendant, accept pleas of guilty and admissions of liability and impose penalties pursuant to a schedule approved by the presiding judge in misdemeanor cases involving violations of wildlife and parks and outdoor recreation laws for which the maximum penalty in each case is a fine of not more than one thousand dollars; and in misdemeanor traffic and traffic infraction cases involving the regulation of vehicles and traffic for which the penalty specified in section 42-4-1701, or elsewhere in articles 2 to 4 of title 42, in each case is less than three hundred dollars; and in civil infraction cases. A clerk shall not levy a fine greater than these amounts nor sentence any person to jail. If, in the judgment of the clerk, a fine greater than these amounts or a jail sentence is justified, the case must be certified to the judge of the county court for rearraignment and trial de novo.
C.R.S. § 13-5.5-113 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 5.5 / Section 13-5.5-113
13-5.5-113. Confidentiality
Status: in_force

13-5.5-113. Confidentiality. (1) Except as provided in subsection (3) of this section, all self-evaluations, personal information protected under section 24-72-204 (3)(a)(II), additional oral or written information, content of any judicial improvement plans, and any matter discussed in executive session is confidential except as otherwise specifically provided by rule. All surveys must allow for the participant's name to remain confidential. Comments in surveys are confidential but may be summarized in aggregate for use in judicial performance evaluation narratives. A commissioner shall not publicly discuss the evaluation of a particular justice or judge.

(2) Except as provided in subsection (3) of this section, all recommendations and narratives are confidential until released to the public on the first day following the deadline for justices and judges to declare their intent to stand for retention.

(3) Information required to be kept confidential pursuant to this article 5.5 may be released only under the following circumstances:

(a) To the supreme court attorney regulation committee, as provided by rule of the state commission;

(b) To the commission on judicial discipline, as provided by rule of the state commission; or

(c) With the consent of the justice or judge being evaluated.
C.R.S. § 13-14-104.5 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 14 / Section 13-14-104.5
13-14-104.5. Procedure for temporary civil protection order
Status: in_force

13-14-104.5. Procedure for temporary civil protection order. (1) (a) Any municipal court of record, if authorized by the municipal governing body; any county court; and any district, probate, or juvenile court has original concurrent jurisdiction to issue a temporary or permanent civil protection order against an adult or against a juvenile who is ten years of age or older for any of the following purposes:

(I) To prevent assaults and threatened bodily harm;

(II) To prevent domestic abuse;

(III) To prevent emotional abuse of the elderly or of an at-risk adult;

(IV) To prevent sexual violence; and

(V) To prevent stalking.

(b) To be eligible for a protection order, the petitioner does not need to show that he or she has reported the act that is the subject of the complaint to law enforcement, that charges have been filed, or that the petitioner is participating in the prosecution of a criminal matter.

(2) Any civil protection order issued pursuant to this section shall be issued using the standardized set of forms developed by the state court administrator pursuant to section 13-1-136.

(3) Venue for filing a motion or complaint pursuant to this section is proper in any county where any one of the acts or behaviors that are the subject of the motion or complaint occurred, in any county where one of the parties resides, or in any county where one of the parties is employed. This requirement for venue does not prohibit the change of venue to any other county appropriate under applicable law.

(4) A motion for a temporary civil protection order shall be set for hearing at the earliest possible time, which hearing may be ex parte, and shall take precedence over all matters, except those matters of the same character that have been on the court docket for a longer period of time. The court shall hear all such motions as expeditiously as possible.

(5) Any district court, in an action commenced under the "Uniform Dissolution of Marriage Act", article 10 of title 14, C.R.S., shall have authority to issue temporary and permanent protection orders pursuant to the provisions of subsection (1) of this section. Such protection order may be as a part of a motion for a protection order accompanied by an affidavit filed in an action brought under article 10 of title 14, C.R.S. Either party may request the court to issue a protection order consistent with any other provision of this article.

(6) At the time a protection order is requested pursuant to this section, the court shall inquire about, and the requesting party and the party's attorney or licensed legal paraprofessional have an independent duty to disclose, knowledge the party and the party's attorney or licensed legal paraprofessional may have concerning the existence of any prior protection or restraining order of any court addressing in whole or in part the subject matter of the requested protection order. In the event there are conflicting restraining or protection orders, the court shall consider, as its first priority, issues of public safety. An order that prevents assaults, threats of assault, or other harm must be given precedence over an order that deals with the disposition of property or other tangible assets. Every effort must be made by judicial officers to clarify conflicting orders.

(7) (a) A temporary civil protection order may be issued if the issuing judge or magistrate finds that a risk or threat of physical harm or the threat of psychological or emotional harm exists to the person or persons seeking protection under the civil protection order. In determining whether a risk or threat of physical harm or the threat of psychological or emotional harm exists to one or more persons, the court shall consider all relevant evidence concerning the safety and protection of the persons seeking the protection order, regardless of when an incident occurred or the existence of a protection order issued pursuant to section 18-1-1001 or 18-1-1001.5.

(b) If the judge or magistrate finds that a risk or threat of physical harm or the threat of psychological or emotional harm exists to the employees of a business entity, the judge or magistrate may issue a civil protection order in the name of the business for the protection of the employees. An employer is not liable for failing to obtain a civil protection order in the name of the business for the protection of the employees and patrons.

(8) (a) Upon the filing of a complaint, duly verified, alleging that the respondent has committed acts that would constitute grounds for a civil protection order, any judge or magistrate, after hearing the evidence and being fully satisfied that sufficient cause exists, may issue a temporary civil protection order to prevent the actions complained of and a citation directed to the respondent commanding the respondent to appear before the court at a specific time and date and to show cause, if any, why the temporary civil protection order should not be made permanent. In addition, the court may order any other relief that the court deems appropriate. Complaints may be filed by persons seeking protection for themselves or for others as provided in section 26-3.1-102 (1)(b) and (1)(c).

(b) The judge or magistrate may continue the temporary protection order for a period of not more than one year after the date when the permanent protection order hearing takes place. If the temporary protection order is continued for one year and the petitioner seeks a permanent protection order, the petitioner shall file a motion at least fourteen days before the scheduled hearing notifying the court and the respondent of the petitioner's intent to pursue a permanent protection order on the date of the scheduled hearing.

(9) Upon the issuance of a temporary civil protection order, a copy of the complaint, a copy of the temporary civil protection order, and a copy of the citation must be served upon the respondent and upon the person to be protected, if the complaint was filed by another person, in accordance with the rules for service of process as provided in rule 304 of the rules of county court civil procedure or rule 4 of the Colorado rules of civil procedure. Service upon the respondent and upon the person to be protected is prohibited if the temporary protection order is denied or if the petitioner moves to vacate the temporary protection order prior to the court receiving confirmation that the respondent was personally served or had actual knowledge of the request for a civil protection order. The citation must inform the respondent that, if the respondent fails to appear in court in accordance with the terms of the citation, a bench warrant may be issued for the arrest of the respondent and the temporary protection order previously entered by the court made permanent without further notice or service upon the respondent. If the temporary protection order is based in whole or in part on an act of domestic violence, as defined in section 18-6-800.3, and the act of domestic violence involved the threat of use of physical force, use of physical force, or attempted use of physical force, the citation must also inform the respondent that the respondent must comply with section 13-14-105.5 by refraining from possessing or purchasing any firearm or ammunition for the duration of the order and relinquishing for the duration of the order any firearm or ammunition in the respondent's immediate possession or control or subject to the respondent's immediate possession or control.

(10) The hearing for a permanent protection order must be set not more than fourteen days after the issuance of the temporary civil protection order and citation. If the petitioner is unable to serve the respondent in that period, the court must extend the temporary protection order previously issued, continue the permanent protection order hearing, and issue an alias citation stating the date and time to which the hearing is continued. The petitioner may thereafter request, and the court must grant, additional continuances as needed if the petitioner has still been unable to serve the respondent if the petitioner is able to show the petitioner has made reasonable efforts to serve the respondent or that the respondent is evading service.

(11) (a) Any person against whom a temporary protection order is issued pursuant to this section, which temporary protection order excludes the person from a shared residence, is permitted to return to the shared residence one time to obtain sufficient undisputed personal effects as are necessary for the person to maintain a normal standard of living during any period prior to a hearing concerning the order. The person against whom a temporary protection order is issued is permitted to return to the shared residence only if the person is accompanied at all times by a peace officer while the person is at or in the shared residence.

(b) When any person is served with a temporary protection order issued against the person excluding the person from a shared residence, the temporary protection order must contain a notification in writing to the person of the person's ability to return to the shared residence pursuant to paragraph (a) of this subsection (11). The written notification shall be in bold print and conspicuously placed in the temporary protection order. A judge, magistrate, or other judicial officer shall not issue a temporary protection order that does not comply with this section.

(c) Any person against whom a temporary protection order is issued pursuant to this section, which temporary protection order excludes the person from a shared residence, may avail himself or herself of the forcible entry and detainer remedies available pursuant to article 40 of this title. However, such person is not entitled to return to the residence until such time as a valid writ of restitution is executed and filed with the court issuing the protection order and, if necessary, the protection order is modified accordingly. A landlord whose lessee has been excluded from a residence pursuant to the terms of a protection order may also avail himself or herself of the remedies available pursuant to article 40 of this title.
C.R.S. § 13-21-105 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 21 / Part 1 / Section 13-21-105
13-21-105. Damages from fire set in woods or prairie - treble damages during drought condit
Status: in_force

13-21-105. Damages from fire set in woods or prairie - treble damages during drought conditions. (1) If any person sets fire to any woods or prairie so as to damage any other person, such person shall make satisfaction for the damage to the party injured, to be recovered in an action before any court of competent jurisdiction.

(2) (a) If a state of emergency or disaster due to drought has been declared by the governor at the time a person knowingly sets fire to any woods or prairie as described in subsection (1) of this section, such person may be held liable for treble damages to any injured party.

(b) (I) The provisions of paragraph (a) of this subsection (2) shall not apply to any open burning conducted in the course of agricultural operations or to any state, municipal, or county fire management operations.

(II) Paragraph (a) of this subsection (2) does not apply to any other person seeking to conduct other prescribed or controlled fires such as grassland, forest, or habitat management activities, if such person has first obtained written authority from the director of the division of fire prevention and control in the department of public safety.
C.R.S. § 13-95-103 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 95 / Section 13-95-103
13-95-103. Office of bridges of Colorado - administrative support - director - confidential
Status: repealed

13-95-103. Office of bridges of Colorado - administrative support - director - confidentiality - repeal. (1) (a) There is created the office of bridges of Colorado as an independent agency in the judicial department. The office has the powers and duties described in this article 95. The purpose of the office is to identify and dedicate behavioral health professionals to provide services through the bridges court liaison program and the bridges wraparound care program in each state judicial district.

(b) The office shall provide services, as described in sections 13-95-104, 13-95-105, and article 8.6 of title 16, to individuals accused of crimes or delinquent acts. The office shall provide services to participants independently of any political considerations or private interests.

(c) (I) The head of the office is the director. Except for the initial director of the office described in subsection (1)(c)(II) of this section, the commission shall appoint the director. The director shall employ or contract with persons necessary to discharge the functions of the office in accordance with this article 95.

(II) (A) Notwithstanding the appointment authority described in subsection (1)(c)(I) of this section, the individual who, on April 27, 2023, is serving as director of the statewide behavioral health court liaison program, as it existed prior to its repeal in 2023, is the director of the office for a term expiring June 30, 2026. After the initial term of appointment, the commission may appoint the individual as director pursuant to subsection (1)(c)(I) of this section. The commission may remove the director serving pursuant to this subsection (1)(c)(II)(A) for cause.

(B) This subsection (1)(c)(II) is repealed, effective December 31, 2026.

(2) (a) The office and commission shall not disclose information provided by an individual participating in the bridges court liaison program or bridges wraparound care program even if the information is relied upon when compiling information for a court report or other report requested or required by the court, unless:

(I) The disclosure is made in connection with and included in a report filed with the court or as required pursuant to court-ordered action by a bridges court liaison or a bridges wraparound care coordinator;

(II) The defense counsel and the individual participating in the bridges court liaison program or bridges wraparound care program agree to the disclosure; or

(III) The disclosure is required in order to comply with mandatory reporting requirements pursuant to sections 18-6.5-108 and 19-3-304.

(b) A bridges court liaison and a bridges wraparound care coordinator shall only disclose information reported to the court by the bridges court liaison or bridges wraparound care coordinator pursuant to a court order, but the information must be restricted if the information is otherwise limited by court rules.

(c) A report requested or required by the court may be suppressed or sealed based on the contents of the report.

(d) This subsection (2) does not:

(I) Prevent the office from disclosing that a bridges court liaison or bridges wraparound care coordinator was appointed to a case or has access to the contents of an order that directs the office to take action, as long as the court order is not otherwise restricted from disclosure; or

(II) Limit the rights of a valid subpoena, an individual participating in the bridges court liaison program or bridges wraparound care program, the defense attorney, a person who requests the program participant's medical records upon submitting an authorization that complies with the federal "Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996", 42 U.S.C. sec. 1320d, as amended, or a court order authorizing the inspection of the program participant's medical records or mental health data pursuant to section 24-72-204 (3)(a)(I).

(3) (a) As an included agency for the purposes of article 100 of this title 13, the office receives administrative and fiscal support services from the office of administrative services for independent agencies.

(b) Repealed.

(4) (a) The office and judicial department shall enter into a memorandum of understanding to provide the office, including the office's employees or contractors, electronic read-only access to the name index and register of actions for those case types necessary to carry out the office's statutory purpose and the duties of the office's court appointment. The memorandum of understanding must also delineate a filing process for the office, including the office's employees and contractors, to submit reports to the court.

(b) The judicial department shall provide transition services to establish the office until the department and the office determine that the transition is complete.

(5) The office shall pay the expenses of the bridges of Colorado commission, established in section 13-95-104.
C.R.S. § 13-85-101 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 85 / Section 13-85-101
13-85-101. Legislative declaration
Status: in_force

13-85-101. Legislative declaration. The general assembly hereby determines, finds, and declares that traffic congestion and other transportation difficulties in the Denver metropolitan area seriously threaten the public health and welfare. In an effort to reduce air pollution and stimulate the economic development of the Denver metropolitan area, the general assembly has directed the regional transportation district to proceed with the planning, construction, and operation of a fixed guideway mass transit system. Since the success of the mass transit system depends on its prompt construction and commencement of operation, the general assembly finds that it is necessary to avoid any possible delays in such construction and operation. To that end, the general assembly further finds that the trial of lawsuits arising out of the planning, development, financing, or construction of these projects should be given priority in the district and appellate courts of this state.
C.R.S. § 13-54-102 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 54 / Section 13-54-102
13-54-102. Property exempt - commingled exempt and nonexempt assets - definitions
Status: in_force

13-54-102. Property exempt - commingled exempt and nonexempt assets - definitions. (1) The following property is exempt from levy and sale under writ of attachment or writ of execution:

(a) The necessary wearing apparel of the debtor and each dependent to the extent of two thousand dollars in value;

(b) Watches, jewelry, and articles of adornment of the debtor and each dependent to the extent of two thousand five hundred dollars in value;

(c) The library, family pictures, and school books of the debtor and the debtor's dependents to the extent of two thousand dollars in value, not including any property constituting all or part of the stock in trade of the debtor;

(d) Burial sites, including spaces in mausoleums, to the extent of one site or space for the debtor and each dependent;

(e) The household goods owned and used by the debtor or the debtor's dependents to the extent of six thousand dollars in value;

(f) Provisions and fuel on hand for the use or consumption of the debtor or the debtor's dependents to the extent of six hundred dollars in value;

(g) (I) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (1)(g)(II) of this section, in the case of every debtor engaged in agriculture as the debtor's principal occupation, including farming, ranching, and dairy production or the raising of livestock or poultry, the following, in the aggregate value of one hundred thousand dollars:

(A) All livestock, poultry, or other animals;

(B) All crops, dairy products, and agricultural products grown, raised, or produced; and

(C) All tractors, farm implements, trucks used in agricultural operations, harvesting equipment, seed, and agricultural machinery and tools.

(II) Only one exemption in the aggregate value of one hundred thousand dollars is allowed for a debtor and the debtor's spouse under subsection (1)(g)(I) of this section. In the event that property is claimed as exempt by a debtor or the debtor's spouse under subsection (1)(g)(I) of this section, no exemption is allowed for the debtor or the debtor's spouse under subsection (1)(i) of this section.

(h) Except for amounts due under court-ordered support of children or spouse which are subject to the exemption provisions of section 13-54-104, all money received by any person as a pension, compensation, or allowance for any purpose on account or arising out of the services of such person as a member of the armed forces of the United States in time of war or armed conflict, and whether in the actual possession of the recipient thereof or deposited or loaned by him, and a like exemption to the unremarried widow or widower and the children of such person who receive a pension, compensation, or allowance of any kind from the United States on account or arising out of such service by a deceased member of such armed forces; and when a debtor entitled to exemption under this paragraph (h) dies or leaves his family said exemption shall extend to the dependents of said debtor;

(h.5) The articles of military equipment personally owned by members of the National Guard;

(i) (I) Except as described in subsection (1)(i)(II) of this section, the stock in trade, supplies, fixtures, maps, machines, tools, electronics, equipment, books, and business materials of a debtor that are used and kept for the purpose of carrying on:

(A) The debtor's primary gainful occupation, in the aggregate value of sixty thousand dollars; or

(B) Any other gainful occupation, in the aggregate value of twenty thousand dollars.

(II) Exempt property described in this subsection (1)(i) may not also be claimed as exempt pursuant to subsection (1)(j) of this section.

(j) (I) Up to two motor vehicles or bicycles kept and used by any debtor, in the aggregate value of fifteen thousand dollars; or

(II) (A) Up to two motor vehicles or bicycles kept and used by any debtor who is elderly or disabled or by any debtor's spouse or dependent who is elderly or disabled, in the aggregate value of twenty-five thousand dollars.

(B) (Deleted by amendment, L. 2007, p. 876, § 3, effective May 14, 2007.)

(III) The exemption provided in this paragraph (j) does not apply to snowmobiles, all-terrain vehicles, golf carts, boats or other watercraft, travel trailers, tent trailers, or motor homes.

(k) The library of any debtor who is a professional person, including a minister or priest of any faith, kept and used by the debtor in carrying on his or her profession, in the value of three thousand dollars; except that exemptions with respect to any of the property described in this paragraph (k) may not also be claimed under paragraph (i) of this subsection (1);

(l) (I) (A) The cash surrender value of policies or certificates of life insurance that have been owned by a debtor for a continuous, unexpired period of forty-eight months or more, to the extent of two hundred fifty thousand dollars for writs of attachment or writs of execution issued against the insured; except that there is no exemption for increases in cash value from extraordinary moneys contributed to a policy or certificate of life insurance during the forty-eight months prior to the issuance of the writ of attachment or writ of execution; and

(B) The proceeds of policies or certificates of life insurance paid upon the death of the insured to a designated beneficiary, without limitation as to amount, for writs of attachment or writs of execution issued against the insured.

(II) The provisions of this paragraph (l) shall not be interpreted to provide an exemption for attachment or execution of the proceeds of any policy or certificate of life insurance to pay the debts of a beneficiary of such policy or certificate.

(III) The provisions of this paragraph (l) shall not provide an exemption for attachment or execution of the proceeds of any policy or certificate of life insurance if the beneficiary of such policy or certificate is the estate of the insured.

(IV) For purposes of this paragraph (l), "extraordinary moneys" means monetary contributions or loan payments in excess of those contractually required under the policy or certificate of life insurance.

(m) The proceeds of any claim for loss, destruction, or damage and the avails of any fire or casualty insurance payable because of loss, destruction, or damage to any property which would have been exempt under this article to the extent of the exemptions incident to such property;

(n) The proceeds of any claim for damages for personal injuries suffered by any debtor except for obligations incurred for treatment of any kind for such injuries or collection of such damages;

(o) The full amount of any federal or state income tax refund attributed to an earned income tax credit or any child tax credit, whether as a refundable tax credit or as a nonrefundable reduction in tax;

(p) Professionally prescribed health aids for the debtor or a dependent of the debtor;

(q) The debtor's right to receive, or property that is traceable to, an award under a crime victim's reparation law;

(r) For purposes of garnishment proceedings pursuant to article 54.5 of this title 13, any amount held by a third party as a security deposit, as defined in section 38-12-102 (6), or any amount held by a third party as a utility deposit to secure payment for utility goods or services used or consumed by the debtor or the debtor's dependents;

(s) Property, including funds, held in or payable from any pension or retirement plan, deferred compensation plan, and health savings accounts, including those in which the debtor has received benefits or payments, has the present right to receive benefits or payments, or has the right to receive benefits or payments in the future and including pensions or plans that qualify under the federal "Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974", as amended; any employee pension benefit plan, as defined in 29 U.S.C. sec. 1002; any individual retirement account, as defined in 26 U.S.C. sec. 408; any Roth individual retirement account, as defined in 26 U.S.C. sec. 408A; and any plan, as defined in 26 U.S.C. sec. 401, and as these plans may be amended from time to time;

(t) All property which is subject to a judgment against a debtor for failure to pay state income tax to a state for periods when such individual was not a resident of such state on benefits received from a pension or other retirement plan;

(u) Any court-ordered domestic support obligation or payment, including a maintenance obligation or payment or a child support obligation or payment;

(v) Any claim for public or private disability benefits due, or any proceeds of such a claim, not otherwise provided for under law, up to five thousand dollars per month. Any claim or proceeds in excess of this amount is subject to garnishment in accordance with section 13-54-104.

(w) Up to two thousand five hundred dollars cumulative in a depository account or accounts in the name of the debtor.

(x) The debtor's aggregate interest in firearms and hunting and fishing equipment held for personal, family, or household use or for the personal safety of the debtor and members of the debtor's household, not to exceed one thousand dollars in value;

(y) (I) Any economic impact payment held by or payable to a debtor or to a debtor's dependents in any form.

(II) As used in this subsection (1)(y) and in subsection (3) of this section, unless the context otherwise requires, "economic impact payment" means a payment from a federal, state, or local government to a debtor or to a debtor's dependents to assist in managing the economic consequences of a national or statewide emergency or disaster. "Economic impact payment" includes:

(A) All economic impact and stimulus recovery payments to debtors pursuant to the federal "Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act", Pub.L. 116-136, as amended, or otherwise relating to the COVID-19 pandemic; and

(B) All other economic impact or stimulus recovery payments to debtors, which payments are authorized to assist with economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic or from any national or statewide emergency or disaster. It is the intent of the general assembly that this definition be interpreted in the broadest possible manner to protect such payments.

(z) All money placed into a life expectancy set-aside account or similar reserve fund, escrow, or impound account, which money is derived from reverse mortgage proceeds that are designated for use to pay for real estate property taxes; homeowner's hazard, flood, or other property insurance; or other home maintenance expenses.

(2) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (h) of subsection (1) of this section and section 13-54-104, military pensions shall be subject to court-ordered support of children or spouse.

(3) Notwithstanding subsections (1)(s) and (1)(y) of this section, any economic impact payment and any pension or retirement benefit or payment is subject to attachment or levy in satisfaction of a judgment taken for arrearages for child support or for child support debt, subject to the limitations in section 13-54-104.

(4) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this section, all property of a person who has committed a felonious killing, as defined in section 15-11-803 (1)(b), C.R.S., and as determined in the manner described in section 15-11-803 (7), C.R.S., shall be subject to attachment or levy in satisfaction of a judgment awarded pursuant to section 13-21-201 or section 13-21-202 for such felonious killing.

(5) (a) As provided in the exception contained in 11 U.S.C. sec. 522 (f)(3), as amended, a debtor shall not avoid a consensual lien on property otherwise eligible to be claimed as exempt property.

(b) As used in this subsection (5), unless the context otherwise requires, "consensual lien" means a lien on property granted with the consent and approval of the owner.

(6) To the extent that exempt assets are commingled with nonexempt assets, a first-in first-out accounting shall be used to determine the portion of the commingled assets to which the exemption applies. If exempt assets are commingled with nonexempt assets as part of a single transaction, any amounts withdrawn from an account for the purpose of such transaction shall be assessed on a pro rata basis. This subsection (6) applies to all provisions of the Colorado Revised Statutes concerning the exemption of assets from seizure, except for exemptions that require segregation.
C.R.S. § 13-62.1-112 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 62.1 / Section 13-62.1-112
13-62.1-112. Effect of currency revalorization
Status: in_force

13-62.1-112. Effect of currency revalorization. (1) If, after an obligation is expressed or a loss is incurred in a foreign money, the country issuing or adopting that money substitutes a new money in place of that money, the obligation or the loss is treated as if expressed or incurred in the new money at the rate of conversion the issuing country establishes for the payment of like obligations or losses denominated in the former money.

(2) If substitution under subsection (1) of this section occurs after a judgment or award is entered on a foreign-money claim, the court or arbitrator shall amend the judgment or award by a like conversion of the former money.
C.R.S. § 13-52-108 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 52 / Section 13-52-108
13-52-108. Concerning garnishment and attachment prior to judgment
Status: in_force

13-52-108. Concerning garnishment and attachment prior to judgment. (1) No order of attachment prior to judgment on any garnishee shall be made out or issued in any court of record in this state for any sum less than twenty dollars.

(2) Wages, fees, or commissions shall not be subject to a writ of garnishment made out or issued in any court of record in this state until a complaint has been filed. After a defendant in any case has become subject to the jurisdiction of a court of record in this state, no wages, fees, or commissions shall be subject to any writ of garnishment theretofore or thereafter made out or issued in such case except in aid of execution of judgment.

(3) The provisions of this section shall not apply to methods of enforcing collections provided in article 79 of title 8, C.R.S.

(4) The provisions of this section shall be subject to article 5 of the "Uniform Consumer Credit Code".
C.R.S. § 13-25-133 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 25 / Section 13-25-133
13-25-133. Telecommunications devices for the deaf and teletype - inadmissibility in eviden
Status: in_force

13-25-133. Telecommunications devices for the deaf and teletype - inadmissibility in evidence - exception. (1) Except as provided in subsection (3) of this section, the contents of any communication made directly or indirectly through a telecommunications device for the deaf (commonly known as TDD) or teletype (commonly known as TTY) and any writing or recording resulting from the communication are inadmissible as evidence of the existence or contents of the communication in any court of law, legal proceeding, or administrative hearing.

(2) For the purposes of this section, "telecommunications device for the deaf or teletype" means any auxiliary aid or service consisting of listening or transcription systems that allow the reception or transmission of aurally delivered communication and materials for the benefit of individuals with hearing, speech, or physical impairments.

(3) The provisions of this section do not apply to any communication intercepted pursuant to a lawful court order.
C.R.S. § 13-90-113 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 90 / Part 1 / Section 13-90-113
13-90-113. Interpreters - compensation
Status: in_force

13-90-113. Interpreters - compensation. Except as provided in section 13-90-210, when the judge of any court of record in this state has occasion to appoint an interpreter for his court, it is his duty to fix the compensation to be paid such interpreter for each day his services are required.
C.R.S. § 13-21-108.8 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 21 / Part 1 / Section 13-21-108.8
13-21-108.8. Persons furnishing a non-laboratory synthetic opiate detection test or a non-lab
Status: in_force

13-21-108.8. Persons furnishing a non-laboratory synthetic opiate detection test or a non-laboratory additive detection test - limited immunity - definitions. (1) Except as provided in subsection (2) of this section, a person who or entity that acts in good faith to furnish a non-laboratory synthetic opiate detection test or a non-laboratory additive detection test, including an expired non-laboratory synthetic opiate detection test or non-laboratory additive detection test, to another person is not liable for any civil damages for acts, omissions made as a result of the act, or for any act or omission made if the non-laboratory synthetic opiate detection test or non-laboratory additive detection test is stolen, defective, or produces an inaccurate result.

(2) A manufacturer, as defined in section 13-21-401 (1), of non-laboratory synthetic opiate detection tests or non-laboratory additive detection tests is not immune from liability as described in subsection (1) of this section.

(3) For purposes of this section, unless the context otherwise requires:

(a) "Non-laboratory additive detection test" means a product that is intended or designed to detect the presence of an additive to a synthetic opiate or an immediate precursor to a synthetic opiate.

(b) "Non-laboratory synthetic opiate detection test" means a product that is intended or designed to detect the presence of a synthetic opiate.
C.R.S. § 13-94-105 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 94 / Section 13-94-105
13-94-105. Office of public guardianship - director - duties - memorandum of understanding
Status: repealed

13-94-105. Office of public guardianship - director - duties - memorandum of understanding - annual report - repeal. (1) (a) The office of public guardianship is created within the judicial department to serve indigent and incapacitated adults in need of guardianship in every judicial district in the state no later than December 31, 2030.

(b) The director shall administer the office and shall coordinate the office's efforts with county departments of human and social services within each judicial district in which the office provides services to clients.

(c) (I) The office shall maintain operations in each judicial district in which it is operating on May 30, 2023; shall begin to operate in other judicial districts beginning July 1, 2025; and shall operate in every judicial district in the state no later than December 31, 2030.

(II) This subsection (1)(c) is repealed, effective June 30, 2031.

(d) Repealed.

(1.5) In addition to any other duties or responsibilities set forth in this article 94, the office:

(a) May:

(I) Initiate petitions for guardianship; and

(II) Take any action on behalf of an indigent and incapacitated person that a private guardian may take, except as otherwise limited by law or court order; and

(b) Shall use the eligibility criteria and prioritization described in subsection (2)(b) of this section to serve individuals with the greatest needs when the number of cases in which services have been requested exceeds the number of cases in which public guardianship can provide services.

(2) In addition to carrying out any duties assigned by the board, the director shall ensure that the office provides, at a minimum, the following services to each judicial district in which the office operates:

(a) A review of referrals to the office;

(b) Adoption of eligibility criteria and prioritization to enable the office to serve individuals with the greatest needs when the number of cases in which services have been requested exceeds the number of cases in which public guardianship services can be provided;

(c) Appointment and post-appointment public guardianship services of a guardian for each indigent and incapacitated adult in need of public guardianship;

(d) Support for modification or termination of public guardianship services;

(e) Recruitment, training, and oversight of guardians;

(f) Maintaining a process for receipt and consideration of, and response to, complaints against the office, including investigation in cases in which investigation appears warranted in the judgment of the director;

(g) Implementation and maintenance of a public guardianship data management system;

(h) Office management, financial planning, and budgeting for the office to ensure compliance with this article 94;

(i) Identification and establishment of relationships with stakeholder agencies, nonprofit organizations, companies, individual care managers, and direct-care providers to provide services within the financial constraints established for the office;

(j) Identification and establishment of relationships with local, state, and federal governmental agencies so that guardians may apply for public benefits on behalf of wards to obtain funding and service support, if needed; and

(k) Public education and outreach regarding the role of the office.

(3) (a) (I) The office shall employ guardians to provide guardianship services to the office's clients. Except as provided in subsection (3)(b)(II) of this section, a guardian must be certified by a state or national organization that certifies guardians. The director shall include in the rules developed pursuant to section 13-94-107 a list of the organizations whose certifications the office recognizes.

(II) The office may hire as a guardian a person who is not certified. If the office hires a person who is not certified, the person shall obtain certification within two years after being hired.

(b) The director shall adopt professional standards of practice and a code of ethics for guardians, including a policy concerning conflicts of interest. The director may adopt professional standards of practice and a code of ethics developed by a national association of guardians.

(c) The office shall provide training to all guardians that includes, at a minimum, instruction in the following areas:

(I) The professional standards of practice and code of ethics adopted by the director;

(II) Standards for agencies and programs providing guardianship services developed by a national association of guardians and approved by the director;

(III) Federal and state laws applicable to providing guardianship services;

(IV) Characteristics of the populations served by the office and appropriate terminology to be used when working with the populations served by the office;

(V) State and local social services and resources;

(VI) Active listening skills;

(VII) Best practices in confidentiality, decision-making, ethics, and medical decision-making; and

(VIII) Planning supports that include less restrictive alternatives such as limited guardianships and supportive decision-making.

(d) Prior to employing a person, the office of public guardianship shall submit the name of the person to be hired, as well as any other required identifying information, to the department of human services for a check of the Colorado adult protective services data system pursuant to section 26-3.1-111 to determine if the person is substantiated in a case of mistreatment of an at-risk adult.

(4) On or before January 1 of each year, the director shall submit to the judiciary committees of the senate and the house of representatives, or any successor committees, a report concerning the activities of the office. The report, at a minimum, must summarize the office's work over the prior state fiscal year in providing guardianship services for indigent and incapacitated adults and identify any notable efficiencies and obstacles that the office incurred in providing guardianship services during the prior state fiscal year. The office shall not include any personal identifying information about any client in its annual report. Notwithstanding section 24-1-136 (11)(a)(I), the annual report required in this subsection (4) continues indefinitely.

(4.5) No later than June 30, 2030, but no earlier than July 1, 2027, the state auditor shall conduct or cause to be conducted a performance audit of the office.

(5) In addition to performing the duties described in this section, the director, in consultation with the board, shall develop, periodically evaluate, and, if the director and board determine it is necessary, update a strategy to wind up the office's affairs in the event that the office is discontinued. The strategy must include consideration of how to meet the guardianship needs of adults who will no longer be able to receive guardianship services from the office.

(6) Repealed.

(6.7) The office is an included agency for the purposes of article 100 of this title 13 and receives administrative and fiscal support services from the office of administrative services for independent agencies. The office and judicial department shall operate pursuant to the memorandum of understanding between the office and the judicial department in effect on the day before May 30, 2023, until the office begins receiving administrative and fiscal support services from the office of administrative services for independent agencies. The office and judicial department may amend the existing memorandum of understanding.

(7) Repealed.
C.R.S. § 13-6-203 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 6 / Part 2 / Section 13-6-203
13-6-203. Qualifications of judges
Status: repealed

13-6-203. Qualifications of judges. (1) The county judge shall be a qualified elector of the county for which he is elected or appointed and shall reside there so long as he serves as county judge.

(2) In counties of Class A and B, no person shall be eligible for election or appointment to the office of county judge unless he has been admitted to the practice of law in Colorado.

(3) In counties of Class C and Class D, a person is not eligible for appointment to the office of county judge unless he or she has graduated from high school or has successfully completed a high school equivalency examination, as defined in section 22-33-102 (8.5), C.R.S.

(4) Repealed.

(5) Judges-elect who have not been admitted to the practice of law shall not take office for the first time as county judge until they have attended an institute on the duties and functioning of the county court to be held under the supervision of the supreme court, unless such attendance is waived by the supreme court. Judges who are attorneys and who are taking office for the first time as county judge may attend this institute if they wish. All judges are entitled to their actual and necessary expenses while attending this institute. The supreme court shall establish the institute to which this subsection (5) refers and shall provide that it be held when the appointment of a sufficient number of nonlawyer county judges warrants, as determined by the chief justice.
C.R.S. § 13-21-111.7 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 21 / Part 1 / Section 13-21-111.7
13-21-111.7. Assumption of risk - consideration by trier of fact
Status: in_force

13-21-111.7. Assumption of risk - consideration by trier of fact. Assumption of a risk by a person shall be considered by the trier of fact in apportioning negligence pursuant to section 13-21-111. For the purposes of this section, a person assumes the risk of injury or damage if he voluntarily or unreasonably exposes himself to injury or damage with knowledge or appreciation of the danger and risk involved. In any trial to a jury in which the defense of assumption of risk is an issue for determination by the jury, the court shall instruct the jury on the elements as described in this section.
C.R.S. § 13-21-112 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 21 / Part 1 / Section 13-21-112
13-21-112. Ad damnum clauses in professional liability actions
Status: in_force

13-21-112. Ad damnum clauses in professional liability actions. In any professional liability action for damages, the ad damnum clause or prayer for damages in any pleading shall not recite any sum as alleged damages other than an allegation that damages are in excess of any minimum dollar amount necessary to establish the jurisdiction of the court.
C.R.S. § 13-90.5-101 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 90.5 / Section 13-90.5-101
13-90.5-101. Short title
Status: in_force

13-90.5-101. Short title. This article may be cited as the "Uniform Interstate Depositions and Discovery Act".
C.R.S. § 13-62-110 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 62 / Section 13-62-110
13-62-110. Uniformity of interpretation
Status: in_force

13-62-110. Uniformity of interpretation. In applying and construing this uniform act, consideration must be given to the need to promote uniformity of the law with respect to its subject matter among states that enact it.
C.R.S. § 13-24-120 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 24 / Section 13-24-120
13-24-120. Authority of tribunal in case of noncompliance
Status: in_force

13-24-120. Authority of tribunal in case of noncompliance. (1) If an agreement fails to meet the requirements of section 13-24-104 or a lawyer fails to comply with section 13-24-114 or 13-24-115, a tribunal may nonetheless find that the parties intended to enter into a collaborative law participation agreement if they:

(a) Signed a record indicating an intention to enter into a collaborative law participation agreement; and

(b) Reasonably believed they were participating in a collaborative law process.

(2) If a tribunal makes the findings specified in subsection (1) of this section, and the interests of justice require, the tribunal may:

(a) Enforce an agreement evidenced by a record resulting from the process in which the parties participated;

(b) Apply the disqualification provisions of sections 13-24-105, 13-24-106, 13-24-109, and 13-24-111; and

(c) Apply a privilege under section 13-24-117.
C.R.S. § 13-72-107 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 72 / Section 13-72-107
13-72-107. Juror giving information - oath
Status: in_force

13-72-107. Juror giving information - oath. When any member of a grand jury gives information touching any matter pending before such jury, he shall take an oath or affirmation in the same manner as other witnesses.
C.R.S. § 13-73-106 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 73 / Section 13-73-106
13-73-106. Presentation of evidence
Status: in_force

13-73-106. Presentation of evidence. The presentation of the evidence must be made to the state grand jury by the attorney general or his or her designee.
C.R.S. § 13-23-107 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 23 / Section 13-23-107
13-23-107. General provisions - construction
Status: in_force

13-23-107. General provisions - construction. (1) The provisions of this article may not be waived by any payee.

(2) Any transfer agreement entered into on or after July 1, 2004, by a payee who resides in Colorado shall provide that disputes under such transfer agreement, including any claim that the payee has breached the agreement, shall be determined in and under the laws of Colorado. No such transfer agreement shall authorize the transferee or any other party to confess judgment or consent to entry of judgment against the payee.

(3) A transfer of structured settlement payment rights shall not extend to any payments that are life-contingent unless, prior to the date on which the payee signs the transfer agreement, the transferee has established and has agreed to maintain procedures reasonably satisfactory to the annuity issuer and the structured settlement obligor for periodically confirming the payee's survival and giving the annuity issuer and the structured settlement obligor prompt written notice in the event of the payee's death.

(4) A payee who proposes to make a transfer of a structured settlement payment right shall not incur any penalty, forfeit any application fee or other payment, or otherwise incur any liability to the proposed transferee or any assignee based on a failure of such transfer to satisfy the conditions of this article.

(5) Nothing contained in this article shall be construed to authorize a transfer of a structured settlement payment right in contravention of any law or to imply that a transfer under a transfer agreement entered into prior to July 1, 2004, is valid or invalid.

(6) Compliance with the requirements set forth in section 13-23-103 and fulfillment of the conditions set forth in section 13-23-104 shall be solely the responsibility of the transferee in a transfer of structured settlement payment rights, and neither the structured settlement obligor nor the annuity issuer shall bear responsibility for, or any liability arising from, noncompliance with such requirements or failure to fulfill such conditions.
C.R.S. § 13-32-101 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 32 / Section 13-32-101
13-32-101. Docket fees in civil actions - judicial stabilization cash fund - justice center
Status: repealed

13-32-101. Docket fees in civil actions - judicial stabilization cash fund - justice center cash fund - justice center maintenance fund - equal justice fee collection - created - report - legislative declaration. (1) At the time of first appearance in all civil actions and special proceedings in all courts of record, except in the supreme court and the court of appeals, and except in the probate proceedings in the district court or probate court of the city and county of Denver, and except as provided in subsection (3) of this section and in sections 13-32-103 and 13-32-104, there shall be paid in advance the total docket fees, as follows:

(a) On and after July 1, 2009, by the petitioner in a proceeding for dissolution of marriage, legal separation, or declaration of invalidity of marriage and by the petitioner in an action for a declaratory judgment concerning the status of marriage, a fee of two hundred thirty dollars;

(a.5) On and after October 1, 2013, by the petitioner in a proceeding for dissolution of a civil union, legal separation of a civil union, or declaration of invalidity of a civil union and by the petitioner in an action for a declaratory judgment concerning the status of a civil union, a fee of two hundred thirty dollars;

(b) On and after July 1, 2009, by the respondent in a proceeding for dissolution of marriage, legal separation, or declaration of invalidity of marriage and by the respondent to an action for a declaratory judgment concerning the status of marriage, a fee of one hundred sixteen dollars;

(b.5) On and after October 1, 2013, by the respondent in a proceeding for dissolution of a civil union, legal separation of a civil union, or declaration of invalidity of a civil union and by the respondent to an action for a declaratory judgment concerning the status of a civil union, a fee of one hundred sixteen dollars;

(c) (I) to (III) Repealed.

(III.5) Except as provided in subsections (1)(c)(IV) and (1)(c)(V) of this section:

(A) On or after January 1, 2019, by each plaintiff, petitioner, third-party plaintiff, and party filing a cross claim or counterclaim, when a money judgment sought is less than one thousand dollars and such action is commenced in a court of record of appropriate limited jurisdiction, a fee in the amount of eighty-five dollars.

(B) On or after January 1, 2019, by each defendant, respondent, third-party defendant, or other party in such court not filing a cross claim or counterclaim, when a money judgment sought is less than one thousand dollars and such action is commenced in a court of record of appropriate limited jurisdiction, a fee in the amount of eighty dollars.

(C) On or after January 1, 2019, by each plaintiff, petitioner, third-party plaintiff, and party filing a cross claim or counterclaim, when a money judgment sought is one thousand dollars or more but less than fifteen thousand dollars and such action is commenced in a court of record of appropriate limited jurisdiction, a fee in the amount of one hundred five dollars.

(D) On or after January 1, 2019, by each defendant, respondent, third-party defendant, or other party in such court not filing a cross claim or counterclaim, when a money judgment sought is one thousand dollars or more but less than fifteen thousand dollars and such action is commenced in a court of record of appropriate limited jurisdiction, a fee in the amount of one hundred dollars.

(E) On or after January 1, 2019, by each plaintiff, petitioner, third-party plaintiff, and party filing a cross claim or counterclaim, when a money judgment sought is fifteen thousand dollars or more but does not exceed twenty-five thousand dollars and such action is commenced in a court of record of appropriate limited jurisdiction, a fee in the amount of one hundred thirty-five dollars.

(F) On or after January 1, 2019, by each defendant, respondent, third-party defendant, or other party in such court not filing a cross claim or counterclaim, when a money judgment sought is fifteen thousand dollars or more but does not exceed twenty-five thousand dollars and such action is commenced in a court of record of appropriate limited jurisdiction, a fee in the amount of one hundred thirty dollars.

(IV) The general assembly hereby declares that docket fees for actions filed in the small claims division of the county court should reflect the range of the monetary jurisdictional limit established for such actions and that such fees should promote access to the courts and reflect appropriate contributions from litigants using the court system based on the money judgment sought in an action. The general assembly hereby declares that it is appropriate to establish docket fees for the small claims division of the county court as follows:

(A) On and after July 1, 2008, when the money judgment sought by the plaintiff in an action filed in the small claims division of the county court is five hundred dollars or less, a plaintiff shall pay a fee of thirty-one dollars.

(B) On and after July 1, 2008, when the money judgment sought by the plaintiff in an action filed in the small claims division of the county court is five hundred dollars or less, a defendant filing an answer without a counterclaim in such an action shall pay a fee of twenty-six dollars.

(C) On and after July 1, 2008, when the money judgment sought in an action filed in the small claims division of the county court exceeds five hundred dollars and is no more than seven thousand five hundred dollars, a plaintiff shall pay a fee of fifty-five dollars.

(D) On and after July 1, 2008, when the money judgment sought in an action filed in the small claims division of the county court exceeds five hundred dollars and is no more than seven thousand five hundred dollars, a defendant filing an answer without a counterclaim in such an action shall pay a fee of forty-one dollars.

(E) On and after July 1, 2008, if a defendant files an answer with a counterclaim in an action in the small claims division of the county court and the amount sought in the action and amount sought in the counterclaim are each five hundred dollars or less, the fee for such answer and counterclaim shall be thirty-one dollars.

(F) On and after July 1, 2008, if a defendant files an answer with a counterclaim in an action in the small claims division of the county court and the amount sought in either the action or the counterclaim is more than five hundred dollars and is not more than seven thousand five hundred dollars, the fee for such answer and counterclaim shall be forty-six dollars.

(V) A defendant or third-party defendant shall not be charged any fee, charge, or cost for filing an answer in response to a forcible entry and detainer complaint, regardless of whether the filing of the answer includes a counterclaim or cross claim, and regardless of whether a money judgment is being sought for any amount.

(d) On and after January 1, 2019, by each plaintiff, petitioner, third-party plaintiff, and party filing a cross claim or counterclaim filed in a district court of the state, a fee of two hundred thirty-five dollars;

(e) On and after July 1, 2008, by each appellant, a fee of one hundred sixty-three dollars;

(f) On and after January 1, 2019, by an appellee and by each defendant or respondent not filing a cross claim or counterclaim, a fee of one hundred ninety-two dollars;

(g) On and after July 1, 2008, by a petitioner in adoption proceedings, a fee of one hundred sixty-seven dollars.

(2) On and after July 1, 2008, in any proceeding held pursuant to articles 5, 10, 11, 13, and 14 of title 14, C.R.S., where a decree or final or permanent order has been entered and more than sixty days have passed, there shall be assessed at the time of filing a motion to modify, amend, or alter said decree or order a fee of one hundred five dollars.

(3) (a) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (1) of this section, if parties appear jointly, only one fee shall be charged or paid, and no fee shall be charged in any event for the filing of a disclaimer, or for an acknowledgment of service for the purpose of conferring jurisdiction, or for an appearance or answer filed by a guardian ad litem, or by an attorney appointed by the court to represent and protect the interest of any defendant.

(b) (I) No docket fee shall be charged in mental health proceedings under article 10 or 10.5 of title 27, C.R.S.; but, where an estate is thereafter probated for any mental incompetent, the committing court has a claim against such estate, as a cost of the mental health proceedings, in the sum of twenty dollars, in addition to any other expense of commitment allowed and paid by the county, to be paid by the conservator of such estate as a claim pursuant to section 15-14-429, C.R.S.

(II) On and after July 1, 2009, all claims of twenty dollars that are paid to and collected by the committing court under subparagraph (I) of this paragraph (b) shall be transmitted to the state treasurer for deposit in the judicial stabilization cash fund created in subsection (6) of this section.

(c) No docket fee shall be charged in proceedings concerning dependent or neglected children, relinquishment of children, or delinquent children.

(4) (a) In a civil case in which there is a contested trial to the court or a trial to a jury and a monetary judgment rendered which is paid in whole or in part in cash or other property, there shall be assessed, against the judgment debtor, by the clerk of the court an additional fee as provided in paragraph (b) of this subsection (4). This additional fee shall be paid to the clerk of the district court upon request for full or partial satisfaction of judgment and before the certificate of satisfaction of judgment is issued.

(b) The additional fee to be paid by the judgment debtor, as provided in paragraph (a) of this subsection (4), is as follows:

(I) Judgments over $5,000 and not more than $10,000, a total additional fee of $10;

(II) Judgments over $10,000 and not more than $20,000, a total additional fee of $30;

(III) Judgments over $20,000 and not more than $30,000, a total additional fee of $50;

(IV) Judgments over $30,000 and not more than $50,000, a total additional fee of $90;

(V) Judgments over $50,000, $90 plus an additional fee of $2 for each $1,000 above $50,000.

(5) (a) Each fee collected pursuant to subsection (1)(a) or (1)(a.5) of this section must be transmitted to the state treasurer and divided as follows:

(I) Fifteen dollars must be deposited in the Colorado child abuse prevention trust fund created in section 26.5-3-206;

(II) One hundred fifteen dollars shall be deposited in the performance-based collaborative management incentive cash fund created in section 24-1.9-104, C.R.S.;

(III) Fifty dollars shall be deposited in the judicial stabilization cash fund created in subsection (6) of this section;

(IV) Five dollars shall be deposited in the court security cash fund established pursuant to section 13-1-204;

(V) Twenty-six dollars shall be deposited in the justice center cash fund created in paragraph (a) of subsection (7) of this section;

(VI) One dollar shall be deposited in the general fund pursuant to section 2-5-119, C.R.S.;

(VII) Pursuant to section 25-2-107 (2) or 25-2-107.5, C.R.S., three dollars shall be deposited in the vital statistics records cash fund created in section 25-2-121, C.R.S.;

(VIII) Five dollars shall be deposited in the displaced homemakers fund created in section 8-15.5-108, C.R.S.;

(IX) Five dollars shall be deposited in the Colorado domestic abuse program fund created in section 39-22-802 (1), C.R.S.; and

(X) Five dollars shall be deposited in the family violence justice fund created in section 14-4-107 (1), C.R.S.

(b) Each fee collected pursuant to paragraph (b) or (b.5) of subsection (1) of this section shall be transmitted to the state treasurer and divided as follows:

(I) Repealed.

(II) On and after July 1, 2010, seventy-five dollars shall be deposited in the judicial stabilization cash fund created in subsection (6) of this section, five dollars shall be deposited in the court security cash fund established pursuant to section 13-1-204, twenty-six dollars shall be deposited in the justice center cash fund created in paragraph (a) of subsection (7) of this section, five dollars shall be deposited in the Colorado domestic abuse program fund created in section 39-22-802 (1), C.R.S., and five dollars shall be deposited in the family violence justice fund created in section 14-4-107 (1), C.R.S.

(c) to (g) Repealed.

(g.5) Each fee collected pursuant to subsection (1)(c)(III.5)(A), (1)(c)(III.5)(C), or (1)(c)(III.5)(E) of this section shall be transmitted to the state treasurer and five dollars shall be deposited in the court security cash fund established pursuant to section 13-1-204, thirty-eight dollars shall be deposited in the justice center cash fund created in subsection (7)(a) of this section, and one dollar shall be deposited in the general fund pursuant to section 2-5-119. The remaining balance shall be deposited in the judicial stabilization cash fund created in subsection (6) of this section.

(h) Repealed.

(h.5) Each fee collected pursuant to subsection (1)(c)(III.5)(B), (1)(c)(III.5)(D), or (1)(c)(III.5)(F) of this section shall be transmitted to the state treasurer and five dollars shall be deposited in the court security cash fund established pursuant to section 13-1-204, and thirty-eight dollars shall be deposited in the justice center cash fund created in subsection (7)(a) of this section. The remaining balance shall be deposited in the judicial stabilization cash fund created in subsection (6) of this section.

(i) Each fee collected pursuant to sub-subparagraph (A) of subparagraph (IV) of paragraph (c) of subsection (1) of this section shall be transmitted to the state treasurer and divided as follows:

(I) Repealed.

(II) On and after July 1, 2010, fourteen dollars shall be deposited in the judicial stabilization cash fund created in subsection (6) of this section, five dollars shall be deposited in the court security cash fund established pursuant to section 13-1-204, eleven dollars shall be deposited in the justice center cash fund created in paragraph (a) of subsection (7) of this section, and one dollar shall be deposited in the general fund pursuant to section 2-5-119, C.R.S.

(j) Each fee collected pursuant to sub-subparagraph (B) of subparagraph (IV) of paragraph (c) of subsection (1) of this section shall be transmitted to the state treasurer and divided as follows:

(I) Repealed.

(II) On and after July 1, 2010, ten dollars shall be deposited in the judicial stabilization cash fund created in subsection (6) of this section, five dollars shall be deposited in the court security cash fund established pursuant to section 13-1-204, and eleven dollars shall be deposited in the justice center cash fund created in paragraph (a) of subsection (7) of this section.

(k) Each fee collected pursuant to sub-subparagraph (C) of subparagraph (IV) of paragraph (c) of subsection (1) of this section shall be transmitted to the state treasurer and divided as follows:

(I) Repealed.

(II) On and after July 1, 2010, thirty-eight dollars shall be deposited in the judicial stabilization cash fund created in subsection (6) of this section, five dollars shall be deposited in the court security cash fund established pursuant to section 13-1-204, eleven dollars shall be deposited in the justice center cash fund created in paragraph (a) of subsection (7) of this section, and one dollar shall be deposited in the general fund pursuant to section 2-5-119, C.R.S.

(l) Each fee collected pursuant to sub-subparagraph (D) of subparagraph (IV) of paragraph (c) of subsection (1) of this section shall be transmitted to the state treasurer and divided as follows:

(I) Repealed.

(II) On and after July 1, 2010, twenty-five dollars shall be deposited in the judicial stabilization cash fund created in subsection (6) of this section, five dollars shall be deposited in the court security cash fund established pursuant to section 13-1-204, and eleven dollars shall be deposited in the justice center cash fund created in paragraph (a) of subsection (7) of this section.

(m) Each fee collected pursuant to sub-subparagraph (E) of subparagraph (IV) of paragraph (c) of subsection (1) of this section shall be transmitted to the state treasurer and divided as follows:

(I) Repealed.

(II) On and after July 1, 2010, fifteen dollars shall be deposited in the judicial stabilization cash fund created in subsection (6) of this section, five dollars shall be deposited in the court security cash fund established pursuant to section 13-1-204, and eleven dollars shall be deposited in the justice center cash fund created in paragraph (a) of subsection (7) of this section.

(n) Each fee collected pursuant to sub-subparagraph (F) of subparagraph (IV) of paragraph (c) of subsection (1) of this section shall be transmitted to the state treasurer and divided as follows:

(I) Repealed.

(II) On and after July 1, 2010, thirty dollars shall be deposited in the judicial stabilization cash fund created in subsection (6) of this section, five dollars shall be deposited in the court security cash fund established pursuant to section 13-1-204, and eleven dollars shall be deposited in the justice center cash fund created in paragraph (a) of subsection (7) of this section.

(o) Each fee collected pursuant to subsection (1)(d) of this section shall be transmitted to the state treasurer and divided as follows:

(I) Repealed.

(II) On and after January 1, 2019, one hundred sixty-one dollars shall be deposited in the judicial stabilization cash fund created in subsection (6) of this section, five dollars shall be deposited in the court security cash fund established pursuant to section 13-1-204, sixty-eight dollars shall be deposited in the justice center cash fund created in subsection (7)(a) of this section, and one dollar shall be deposited in the general fund pursuant to section 2-5-119.

(p) Each fee collected pursuant to paragraph (e) of subsection (1) of this section shall be transmitted to the state treasurer and divided as follows:

(I) Repealed.

(II) On and after July 1, 2010, ninety dollars shall be deposited in the judicial stabilization cash fund created in subsection (6) of this section, five dollars shall be deposited in the court security cash fund established pursuant to section 13-1-204, and sixty-eight dollars shall be deposited in the justice center cash fund created in paragraph (a) of subsection (7) of this section.

(q) Each fee collected pursuant to subsection (1)(f) of this section shall be transmitted to the state treasurer and divided as follows:

(I) Repealed.

(II) On and after January 1, 2019, one hundred nineteen dollars shall be deposited in the judicial stabilization cash fund created in subsection (6) of this section, five dollars shall be deposited in the court security cash fund established pursuant to section 13-1-204, and sixty-eight dollars shall be deposited in the justice center cash fund created in subsection (7)(a) of this section.

(r) Each fee collected pursuant to paragraph (g) of subsection (1) of this section shall be transmitted to the state treasurer and divided as follows:

(I) Repealed.

(II) On and after July 1, 2010, one hundred forty-three dollars shall be deposited in the judicial stabilization cash fund created in subsection (6) of this section, five dollars shall be deposited in the court security cash fund established pursuant to section 13-1-204, fifteen dollars shall be deposited in the justice center cash fund created in paragraph (a) of subsection (7) of this section, one dollar shall be deposited in the general fund pursuant to section 2-5-119, C.R.S., and three dollars shall be deposited in the vital statistics records cash fund created in section 25-2-121, C.R.S.

(s) Each fee collected pursuant to subsection (2) of this section shall be transmitted to the state treasurer and divided as follows:

(I) Repealed.

(II) On and after July 1, 2010, ninety-five dollars shall be deposited in the judicial stabilization cash fund created in subsection (6) of this section and ten dollars shall be deposited in the justice center cash fund created in paragraph (a) of subsection (7) of this section.

(6) There is hereby created in the state treasury the judicial stabilization cash fund, referred to in this subsection (6) as the "fund", that shall consist of all fees required to be deposited in the fund. The moneys in the fund shall be subject to annual appropriation by the general assembly for the expenses of trial courts in the judicial department. Any moneys in the fund not expended for the purpose of this subsection (6) may be invested by the state treasurer as provided in section 24-36-113, C.R.S. All interest and income derived from the investment and deposit of moneys in the fund shall be credited to the fund. Any unexpended and unencumbered moneys remaining in the fund at the end of any fiscal year shall remain in the fund and shall not be credited or transferred to the general fund or any other fund.

(7) (a) There is hereby created in the state treasury the justice center cash fund, referred to in this subsection (7) as the "fund", that shall consist of all fees required by law to be deposited in the fund and any lease payments received by the judicial department from agencies occupying the state justice center. The money in the fund shall be subject to annual appropriation by the general assembly for the expenses related to the design, construction, maintenance, operation, and interim accommodations for the state justice center, including but not limited to payments on any financed purchase of an asset or certificate of participation agreements entered into pursuant to the provisions of section 2 of Senate Bill 08-206, as enacted at the second regular session of the sixty-sixth general assembly, collectively referred to in this subsection (7) as "financed purchase of an asset or certificate of participation agreements". Any money in the fund not expended for the purpose of this subsection (7) may be invested by the state treasurer as provided in section 24-36-113. All interest and income derived from the investment and deposit of money in the fund shall be credited to the fund. Any unexpended and unencumbered money remaining in the fund at the end of any fiscal year shall remain in the fund and shall not be credited or transferred to the general fund or any other fund.

(b) (I) The general assembly hereby finds and declares:

(A) The state judicial department is in need of additional space;

(B) The state museum and the offices of the state historical society occupy a building on the same block at Fourteenth avenue and Broadway as the current offices of the Colorado supreme court, the Colorado court of appeals, and the supreme court library;

(C) By building a new facility on the entire block at Fourteenth avenue and Broadway, the judicial department will consolidate its offices into a single location and the state judicial department will operate more efficiently and cost-effectively; and

(D) It is appropriate for the judicial department to pay the state museum and the state historical society for its building and for vacating its current location at Fourteenth avenue and Broadway and to assist in relocation expenses so that the entire block is available for use by the state judicial department.

(II) Repealed.

(III) The general assembly further finds and declares that it is not the general assembly's intent that the judicial department artificially raise the fees that are required by law to be deposited in the fund in order to increase the amount of money appropriated from the fund to the maintenance fund created in subsection (7)(d) of this section.

(c) (I) For the fiscal year commencing July 1, 2014, and each fiscal year thereafter so long as there are any payments due under any financed purchase of an asset or certificate of participation agreements, the executive director of the department of personnel shall calculate the net savings to the state by locating the department of law and any other executive branch agency in the new state justice center.

(II) For the fiscal year commencing July 1, 2014, and each year thereafter so long as there are payments due on any financed purchase of an asset or certificate of participation agreements, the general assembly shall appropriate from the general fund to the fund the amount of savings calculated by the executive director of the department of personnel pursuant to subsection (7)(c)(I) of this section. Any money received in the fund pursuant to this subsection (7)(c) shall be used to prepay any obligations due pursuant to any financed purchase of an asset or certificate of participation agreement.

(d) (I) The justice center maintenance fund is hereby created in the state treasury and referred to in this subsection (7)(d) as the "maintenance fund". The maintenance fund consists of money annually appropriated by the general assembly to the maintenance fund from the justice center cash fund and any other money that the general assembly may appropriate or transfer to the fund. The amount appropriated to the maintenance fund from the justice center cash fund must be equal to the amount described in subsection (7)(d)(II) of this section. The state treasurer shall credit all interest and income derived from the deposit and investment of money in the maintenance fund to the maintenance fund. Subject to annual appropriation by the general assembly and subject to capital development review of any controlled maintenance needs that the committee would typically review for state-funded projects, money from the maintenance fund may be expended for controlled maintenance needs of the Ralph L. Carr Colorado judicial center.

(II) Current and projected appropriations to the maintenance fund from the justice center cash fund should be sufficient to pay for current and projected controlled maintenance needs for the Ralph L. Carr Colorado judicial center as outlined in the report required in subsection (7)(d)(IV) of this section, taking into account any projected interest earnings on the maintenance fund.

(III) For purposes of this subsection (7)(d), "controlled maintenance" has the same meaning as set forth in section 24-30-1301 (4); except that it may include any maintenance needs that would ordinarily be funded in the judicial department's operating budget and it may include information technology equipment to support network operations, such as servers or uninterruptible power supply units, or to regulate or control building systems, such as lighting or HVAC.

(IV) The judicial department shall provide a written report to the joint budget committee and the capital development committee on November 1, 2018, and each November 1 thereafter, that documents expenditures that have been made from the maintenance fund and that documents projected future expenditures from the maintenance fund over a twenty-year term, or such other term as requested by the capital development committee and the joint budget committee. Notwithstanding section 24-1-136 (11)(a), the reporting requirement specified in this subsection (7)(d)(IV) continues indefinitely.

(8) At the time of filing a motion pursuant to section 19-4-107.3 or 14-10-122 (6), C.R.S., seeking to set aside a final or permanent order concerning parentage based upon DNA evidence establishing the exclusion of the petitioner as the biological father of a child, or to terminate an order requiring the petitioner to pay child support for that child, the petitioner shall pay a fee of seventy dollars. The fee collected pursuant to this subsection (8) shall be transmitted to the state treasurer for deposit in the judicial stabilization cash fund created in subsection (6) of this section.

(9) Beginning January 1, 2025, the court shall collect the equal justice fee on filings specified in subsection (1) of this section in the amount of thirty dollars on civil actions filed in district court and ten dollars on civil actions filed in county court, except for filings in small claims court, on behalf of the equal justice authority and transmit the equal justice fee in the manner specified in section 13-5.7-205 (2).
C.R.S. § 13-72-104 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 72 / Section 13-72-104
13-72-104. Foreman appointed - duties
Status: in_force

13-72-104. Foreman appointed - duties. Before a grand jury at any term of court is sworn or affirmed, the court shall appoint a foreman of such jury and an alternate foreman to act in the absence of the foreman, and such foreman or alternate foreman has power to administer an oath or affirmation to any and all witnesses who may be required to testify before such jury. He shall also endorse upon every bill that may be presented to a grand jury the finding of such jury that the same is "a true bill" or "not a true bill", as the case may be, and sign his name thereto before the same is returned into court.
C.R.S. § 13-10-119 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 10 / Section 13-10-119
13-10-119. Certification to appellate court
Status: in_force

13-10-119. Certification to appellate court. Upon payment of the fee provided in section 13-10-117, and filing of notice as provided in section 13-10-118, the original papers in the municipal court file, together with a transcript of the record of the municipal court, and a duplicate notice of appeal shall be certified to the appropriate appellate court pursuant to section 13-10-116 by the municipal court.
C.R.S. § 13-1.5-102 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 1.5 / Section 13-1.5-102
13-1.5-102. Definitions
Status: in_force

13-1.5-102. Definitions. As used in this article, unless the context otherwise requires:

(1) "Reciprocating jurisdiction" means a state of the United States of America, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, a territory or possession of the United States of America, or a province or territory of Canada, which has enacted this article or provides substantially equivalent access to its courts and administrative agencies.

(2) "Person" means an individual person, a corporation, a business trust, an estate, a trust, a partnership, an association, a joint venture, a government in its private or public capacity, a governmental subdivision or agency, or any other legal entity.
C.R.S. § 13-21-106.5 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 21 / Part 1 / Section 13-21-106.5
13-21-106.5. Civil damages for destruction or bodily injury caused by a bias-motivated crime
Status: in_force

13-21-106.5. Civil damages for destruction or bodily injury caused by a bias-motivated crime. (1) The victim, or a member of the victim's immediate family, is entitled to recover damages from any person, organization, or association that commits or incites others to commit the offense of a bias-motivated crime as described in section 18-9-121 (2), C.R.S. Such person, organization, or association shall be civilly liable to the victim or a member of the victim's immediate family for the actual damages, costs, and expenses incurred in connection with said action. For purposes of this section, "immediate family" includes the victim's spouse and the victim's parent, sibling, or child who is living with the victim.

(2) A conviction for a criminal bias-motivated crime pursuant to section 18-9-121, C.R.S., shall not be a condition precedent to maintaining a civil action pursuant to the provisions of this section.

(3) In any civil action brought pursuant to this section in which damages are assessed by a jury, upon proof of the knowledge and intent described in section 18-9-121 (2), C.R.S., in addition to the actual damages, the jury may award punitive damages. Said punitive damages shall not be subject to the limitations in section 13-21-102 or section 13-21-102.5.
C.R.S. § 13-21-806 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 21 / Part 8 / Section 13-21-806
13-21-806. Comparative negligence
Status: in_force

13-21-806. Comparative negligence. (1) An action under this part 8 is governed by the principles of comparative negligence.

(2) The burden of proving the comparative negligence of the plaintiff shall be on the defendant by clear and convincing evidence.
C.R.S. § 13-6-306 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 6 / Part 3 / Section 13-6-306
13-6-306. Seal
Status: in_force

13-6-306. Seal. The county court of each county shall have an appropriate seal.
C.R.S. § 13-14.5-109 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 14.5 / Section 13-14.5-109
13-14.5-109. Firearms - return - disposal
Status: in_force

13-14.5-109. Firearms - return - disposal. (1) If an extreme risk protection order or temporary extreme risk protection order is terminated or expires without renewal, a law enforcement agency holding any firearm that has been surrendered pursuant to section 13-14.5-108 or taken custody of pursuant to section 16-3-301.5, or a federally licensed firearms dealer described in 18 U.S.C. sec. 923, as amended, with custody of a firearm, or a relative with custody of an antique firearm or curio or relic pursuant to section 13-14.5-108 (1)(a)(III), must return the firearm requested by a respondent within three days only after confirming, through a criminal history record check performed pursuant to section 24-33.5-424, that the respondent is currently eligible to own or possess a firearm under federal and state law and after confirming with the court that the extreme risk protection order has terminated or has expired without renewal.

(2) Any firearm surrendered by a respondent pursuant to section 13-14.5-108 or taken custody of pursuant to section 16-3-301.5 that remains unclaimed by the lawful owner for at least one year from the date the temporary extreme risk protection order or extreme risk protection order expired, whichever is later, shall be disposed of in accordance with the law enforcement agency's policies and procedures for the disposal of firearms in police custody.
C.R.S. § 13-90.5-104 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 90.5 / Section 13-90.5-104
13-90.5-104. Service of subpoena
Status: in_force

13-90.5-104. Service of subpoena. A subpoena issued by a clerk of court under section 13-90.5-103 must be served in compliance with section 13-90-115, rule 45 of the Colorado rules of civil procedure, and any other applicable statutes or rules of this state.
C.R.S. § 13-25-118 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 25 / Section 13-25-118
13-25-118. Joint defendants
Status: in_force

13-25-118. Joint defendants. In actions upon express contracts against two or more defendants alleged to have been made or executed by such defendants as partners or joint obligors or payors, proof of the joint liability or partnership of the defendants, or their first names or surnames, shall not in the first instance be required to entitle the plaintiff to judgment, unless such proof is rendered necessary by the filing of pleas denying the execution of such writing, verified by affidavit as required by law.
C.R.S. § 13-82-102 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 82 / Section 13-82-102
13-82-102. Uniformity of application and construction
Status: in_force

13-82-102. Uniformity of application and construction. This article shall be applied and construed to effectuate its general purpose to make uniform the law with respect to the subject of this article among states enacting it.
C.R.S. § 13-1-106 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 1 / Part 1 / Section 13-1-106
13-1-106. Certified copy of record in supreme court or court of appeals
Status: in_force

13-1-106. Certified copy of record in supreme court or court of appeals. In all causes which have been removed to the supreme court of this state or to the court of appeals, a duly certified copy of the record of such cause remaining in the supreme court or the court of appeals may be filed in the court from which said cause was removed, on motion of any party or person claiming to be interested therein, and the copy so filed shall have the same effect as the original record would have had if the same had not been lost or destroyed.
C.R.S. § 13-1-131 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 1 / Part 1 / Section 13-1-131
13-1-131. Speedy trial option in civil actions
Status: in_force

13-1-131. Speedy trial option in civil actions. If a trial date has not been fixed by the court in any civil action within ninety days from the date the case is at issue, upon agreement of all the parties, the parties may elect to have the matter heard by a master, appointed by the court in accordance with the Colorado rules of civil procedure. When such a trial is held before a master, the parties shall pay the costs of such trial, as allocated fairly among the parties by the master. The master shall have all the powers of a judge.
C.R.S. § 13-21-117.5 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 21 / Part 1 / Section 13-21-117.5
13-21-117.5. Civil liability - intellectual and developmental disability service providers -
Status: repealed

13-21-117.5. Civil liability - intellectual and developmental disability service providers - definitions. (1) Legislative declaration. (a) In recognition of the varied, extensive, and substantial needs of persons with developmental disabilities, the general assembly hereby finds and declares that the purposes of this section are:

(I) To reaffirm the high value Colorado places on the rights of persons with developmental disabilities to receive services and supports that enable them to live in integrated community settings, to participate fully in community life, and to exercise choice and self-direction in their lives;

(II) To recognize that there are inherent risks in such integration, participation, and self-direction due to the cognitive limitations experienced by persons with developmental disabilities;

(III) To recognize that providers to such persons are exposed to risk of liability when they assist or permit persons with developmental disabilities to experience community integration, participation, and self-direction;

(IV) To recognize that providers provide essential services and functions and that unlimited liability could disrupt or make prohibitively expensive the provision of such essential services;

(V) To recognize that providers should be provided with protection from unlimited liability so that providers are not discouraged from providing such services and functions.

(b) The general assembly, therefore, declares that it is the intent of the general assembly to mitigate the risk of liability to providers to the developmentally disabled to the extent that such mitigation is reasonable and possible.

(2) Definitions. As used in this section, unless the context otherwise requires:

(a) "Case management agency" has the same meaning as set forth in section 25.5-6-1702 (2).

(a.5) Repealed.

(b) "Department" means the department of health care policy and financing.

(c) "Developmental disability" has the same meaning as "intellectual and developmental disability" as defined in section 25.5-10-202, C.R.S.

(d) "Family caregiver" has the same meaning as set forth in section 25.5-10-202 (17).

(e) "Host home" means a private home that houses up to three persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities and whose owner or renter provides residential services, as described in section 25.5-10-206 (1)(e), to those persons as an independent contractor of a service agency.

(f) "Provider" means any case management agency, service agency, host home, family caregiver, and the directors, officers, and employees of these entities, who provide long-term services or supports to persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities pursuant to article 10 of title 25.5 or article 10.5 of title 27.

(g) "Service agency" means a privately operated program-approved service agency designated pursuant to the rules of the department.

(3) A person filing an action against a provider for injury which lies in tort or could lie in tort regardless of whether that may be the type of action or the form of relief chosen by a claimant shall demonstrate liability by a preponderance of the evidence. If a provider raises the issue that a claimant cannot demonstrate liability by a preponderance of the evidence or raises any other limitation on liability pursuant to this section prior to or after the commencement of discovery, the court shall suspend discovery, except any discovery necessary to decide the issue of limitation of liability, and shall decide such issue on motion. The court's decision on such motion shall be a final judgment and shall be subject to interlocutory appeal.

(4) Duty of care. The performance of a service or an act of assistance for the benefit of a person with an intellectual and developmental disability or adoption or enforcement of a policy, procedure, guideline, or practice for the protection of the person's health or safety by a provider does not create any duty of care with respect to a third person, nor does it create a duty for any provider to perform or sustain a service or an act of assistance nor to adopt or enforce a policy, procedure, guideline, or practice; however, nothing in this section relieves a provider of a duty of care expressly imposed by federal or state law or department rule, nor shall anything in this section be deemed to create any duty of care.

(5) No action in tort under this section may be maintained on behalf of, for, or by a person with an intellectual and developmental disability or by a family member of a person with an intellectual and developmental disability against a provider unless the person claiming to have suffered an injury or grievance or the person's guardian or representative has filed for dispute resolution or other applicable intervention, if any, by the department or a case management agency or pursuant to rules promulgated under article 6 or 10 of title 25.5 or article 10.5 of title 27 within one year after the date of the discovery of the injury or grievance, regardless of whether the person then knew all of the elements of a claim or of a cause of action for such injury or grievance. Compliance with this subsection (5), documented by a letter from the department certifying that any and all interventions and dispute resolution procedures, with either the department or a case management agency applicable to the matter at hand have been exhausted, or by submission of evidence that such an intervention or dispute resolution request has been filed and no action has been taken by the department within ninety days, is a jurisdictional prerequisite to any action brought under the provisions of this section, and failure of compliance forever bars any such action and must result in a dismissal of any claim with prejudice. Certification by the department that all applicable interventions and dispute resolution procedures have been exhausted does not result in the department becoming a party to the tort claim action.

(6) A provider shall not be liable for damages in any civil action for failure to warn or protect any person against the violent, assaultive, disorderly, or harassing behavior of a person with a developmental disability, nor shall any such provider be held civilly liable for failure to predict or prevent such behavior, except there shall be a duty to warn where the person with the developmental disability has communicated to the provider a serious and credible threat of imminent physical violence and serious bodily injury against a specific person or persons. If there is a duty to warn as specified in this subsection (6), the duty shall be discharged by the provider making reasonable and timely efforts to notify any person or persons specifically threatened, except that if the person or persons threatened with imminent physical violence and serious bodily injury is a person with a developmental disability under the care of a provider, the provider shall take reasonable action to protect such person from serious bodily injury until the threat can reasonably be deemed to have abated. A provider shall not be liable for damages in any civil action for warning a person against or predicting violent, assaultive, disorderly, or harassing behavior of a person with a developmental disability, nor shall a provider be subject to professional discipline for such warning or prediction.

(7) The owner of a property leased by a provider for the purpose of providing services pursuant to article 10 of title 25.5 or article 10.5 of title 27 is not responsible for the provision or monitoring of such services.

(8) If a person with an intellectual and developmental disability residing in a residential program operated by the department is referred by the department for community placement, the provider is not subject to civil liability for accepting that person for community placement.

(9) Claims predicated on an alleged deceptive trade practice pursuant to article 1 of title 6 shall not apply to providers engaged in the provision of services pursuant to article 10 of title 25.5 or article 10.5 of title 27.

(10) Case management agencies and service agencies shall have the authority to move a person with an intellectual and developmental disability from any residential setting that they operate under medicaid authority if the case management agency or service agency believes that the person with an intellectual and developmental disability may be at risk of abuse, neglect, mistreatment, exploitation, or other harm in such setting. If a person is moved for one of the aforementioned reasons, the person-centered planning required by this subsection (10) must occur as soon as possible following the move. In the absence of willful and wanton acts or omissions, case management agencies and service agencies have no civil liability for exercising such authority or for termination of any related contracts if the risk is substantiated by investigation pursuant to the rules of the department.

(11) In the absence of willful and wanton acts or omissions, a provider shall not have civil liability for injurious consequences to a person with a developmental disability in the provider's care when that person having the legal capacity for such decisions at the time such decisions were made, or the person's guardian or other person or entity duly authorized to make medication or treatment decisions for the person, declines or obstructs the administration of prescribed medication or other treatment recommended by a licensed physician, licensed psychologist, or certified therapist.

(12) When a person with a developmental disability who has the legal capacity to make decisions, or that person's guardian, refuses to comply with restrictions established pursuant to an interdisciplinary team process that are designed to safeguard the health and safety of the person or others, and it can be shown that a provider has made reasonable efforts to secure such compliance from the person or has taken other reasonable actions to safeguard the person or others, a provider of services shall not have civil liability for injuries or damages to the person with a developmental disability that may arise from the refusal by the person with a developmental disability, or that person's guardian, to comply with such restrictions.
C.R.S. § 13-80-105 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 80 / Section 13-80-105
13-80-105. Limitation of actions against land surveyors
Status: in_force

13-80-105. Limitation of actions against land surveyors. (1) Notwithstanding any statutory provision to the contrary, all actions against any land surveyor brought to recover damages resulting from any alleged negligent or defective land survey shall be brought within the time provided in section 13-80-101 after the person bringing the action either discovered or in the exercise of reasonable diligence and concern should have discovered the negligence or defect which gave rise to such action, and not thereafter, but in no case shall such an action be brought more than ten years after the completion of the survey upon which such action is based.

(2) For purposes of this section, "land survey" or "improvement survey" means any survey conducted by or under the direction and control of a land surveyor licensed pursuant to the provisions of part 3 of article 120 of title 12 and includes but is not limited to professional land surveying, as defined in section 12-120-302 (5). Nothing in this section shall be construed as extending the period or periods provided by the laws of Colorado or by agreement of the parties for bringing any action, nor shall this section be construed as creating any claim for relief not existing or recognized on or before July 1, 1979.

(3) (a) The limitations set forth in subsections (1) and (2) of this section shall not apply to any survey unless the documentary evidence of such land survey contains, clearly depicted thereon, the following statement:

NOTICE: According to Colorado law you must commence any legal action based upon any defect in this survey within three years after you first discover such defect. In no event may any action based upon any defect in this survey be commenced more than ten years from the date of the certification shown hereon.

(b) If any survey is performed that does not require documentation, the limitations set forth in subsections (1) and (2) of this section shall nevertheless apply if, not more than ninety days after the completion of the survey, written notice of the provisions of this article is provided to all persons holding an interest in the property upon which such survey is conducted.
C.R.S. § 13-91-105 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 91 / Section 13-91-105
13-91-105. Duties of the office of the child's representative - guardian ad litem and couns
Status: in_force

13-91-105. Duties of the office of the child's representative - guardian ad litem and counsel for youth programs. (1) In addition to any responsibilities assigned to it by the chief justice, the office of the child's representative shall:

(a) Enhance the provision of GAL or counsel for youth services in Colorado by:

(I) Ensuring the provision and availability of high-quality, accessible training throughout the state for persons seeking to serve as guardians ad litem or counsel for youth, as well as to judges and magistrates who regularly hear matters involving children and families;

(II) Making recommendations to the chief justice concerning the establishment, by rule or chief justice directive, of the minimum training requirements that an attorney seeking to serve as a guardian ad litem or counsel for youth shall meet;

(III) Making recommendations to the chief justice concerning the establishment, by rule or chief justice directive, of standards to which attorneys serving as guardians ad litem or counsel for youth must be held, including but not limited to minimum practice standards. Minimum practice standards must include:

(A) Incorporation of the federal guidelines for persons serving as guardians ad litem or counsel for youth, as set forth in the federal department of health and human services' "Adoption 2002" guidelines, and incorporation of the guidelines for guardians ad litem or counsel for youth adopted by the Colorado bar association in 1993;

(B) Minimum duties of guardians ad litem or counsel for youth in representing children involved in judicial proceedings;

(C) Minimum responsibilities of guardians ad litem or counsel for youth in representing children involved in judicial proceedings; and

(D) A determination of an appropriate maximum-caseload limitation for persons serving as guardians ad litem or counsel for youth;

(IV) Overseeing the practice of guardians ad litem or counsel for youth to ensure compliance with all relevant statutes, orders, rules, directives, policies, and procedures;

(V) Working cooperatively with local judicial districts, attorneys, and children and youth impacted by the child welfare and justice system to form partnerships for the purposes of ensuring high-quality legal representation for children and youth in Colorado.

(VI) Establishing fair and realistic state rates by which to compensate state-appointed guardians ad litem or counsel for youth that take into consideration the caseload limitations placed on guardians ad litem or counsel for youth and that are sufficient to attract and retain high-quality, experienced attorneys to serve as guardians ad litem or counsel for youth;

(VII) Seeking to enhance existing funding sources for the provision of high-quality guardian ad litem or counsel for youth services in Colorado;

(VIII) Studying the availability of or developing new funding sources for the provision of guardian ad litem or counsel for youth services in Colorado, including but not limited to long-term pooling of funds programs;

(IX) Accepting grants, gifts, donations, and other nongovernmental contributions to be used to fund the work of the office of the child's representative relating to guardians ad litem or counsel for youth. Such grants, gifts, donations, and other nongovernmental contributions must be credited to the guardian ad litem fund, created in section 13-91-106 (1). Money in the fund is subject to annual appropriation by the general assembly for the purposes of this subsection (1)(a) and for the purposes of enhancing the provision of guardian ad litem or counsel for youth services in Colorado.

(X) Effective July 1, 2001, allocating money appropriated to the office of the child's representative in the state judicial department for the provision of GAL or counsel for youth services;

(b) Provide support for the CASA program in Colorado in the manner described in section 19-1-213;

(c) Enhance the provision of services in Colorado by attorneys appointed to serve as legal representatives of children pursuant to section 14-10-116, C.R.S., when the costs of such appointments are borne by the state, by:

(I) Ensuring the provision and availability of high-quality, accessible training throughout the state for attorneys seeking to serve as legal representatives of children, as well as to judges and magistrates who regularly hear domestic matters under article 10 of title 14, C.R.S.;

(II) Making recommendations to the chief justice concerning the establishment, by rule or chief justice directive, of the minimum training requirements that an attorney seeking to serve as a legal representative of a child must meet;

(III) Making recommendations to the chief justice concerning the establishment, by rule or chief justice directive, of standards to which attorneys serving as legal representatives of children must be held;

(IV) Overseeing the practice of legal representatives of children appointed pursuant to section 14-10-116, C.R.S., to ensure compliance with all relevant statutes, orders, rules, directives, policies, and procedures;

(V) Seeking to enhance existing funding sources for and studying the availability of or developing new funding sources for the provision of services by attorneys serving as court-appointed legal representatives of children;

(VI) Effective July 1, 2001, allocating moneys appropriated to the office of the child's representative in the state judicial department for the provision of services by attorneys serving as court-appointed legal representatives of children;

(d) Enforce, as appropriate, the provisions of this section;

(e) Work cooperatively with the judicial districts to establish pilot programs designed to enhance the quality of child representatives at the local level;

(f) Develop measurement instruments designed to assess and document the effectiveness of various models of representation and the outcomes achieved by representatives and advocates for children, including collaborative models with local CASA programs;

(g) (Deleted by amendment, L. 2009, (SB 09-048), ch. 120, p. 500, § 1, effective August 5, 2009.)

(h) Cause a program review and outcome-based evaluation of the performance of the office of the child's representative to be conducted annually to determine whether the office is effectively and efficiently meeting the goals of improving child and family well-being and the duties set forth in this section, the reports for which shall be submitted to the members of the general assembly and the state court administrator's office, together with the reports specified in paragraph (i) of this subsection (1); and

(i) Notwithstanding section 24-1-136 (11)(a)(I), report the activities of the office of the child's representative to the members of the general assembly and to the state court administrator's office, together with the reports specified in paragraph (h) of this subsection (1), on or before September 1, 2001, and on or before September 1 of each year thereafter.

(2) The rate contracted for attorney time pursuant to subsection (1)(a)(VI) of this section for fiscal year 2023-24 is one hundred dollars per hour. The hourly rate must be increased annually by no more than five dollars each year until the hourly rate is at least seventy-five percent of the rate set pursuant to the federal "Criminal Justice Act Revision of 1986", 18 U.S.C. sec. 3006A, as amended, for indigent representation in federal court. The hourly rate may be adjusted in subsequent fiscal years to maintain the hourly rate at or above seventy-five percent of the rate set pursuant to the federal "Criminal Justice Act Revision of 1986", 18 U.S.C. sec. 3006A, as amended, for indigent representation in federal court.

(3) Colorado relies primarily on an independent contractor model of legal representation for children and youth provided in accordance with this section. While the office of the child's representative currently provides legal representation for children and youth in some case types and in one county through state employees and will continue to explore the use of a state employee staff model of legal representation for children and youth where feasible, Colorado's need for legal representation for children and youth cannot be filled or provided statewide solely by employees of the office of the child's representative. The director or the director's designee is authorized to sign a certification for any current or past independent contractor that certifies that the contractor appears to be eligible for federal public service loan forgiveness as allowed by federal law or regulations. With the authorization of an independent contractor who is providing or has provided legal representation on behalf of the office, the director or the director's designee may share information, including the contractor's name, the contractor's social security number or federal employer identification number, and the total number of hours billed by the contractor by calendar year, with other independent judicial agencies for the purpose of certifying apparent past, current, and future eligibility for public service loan forgiveness allowed by federal law or regulations.
C.R.S. § 13-17.5-106 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 17.5 / Section 13-17.5-106
13-17.5-106. Assessment of costs and attorney fees - review of inmate spending from account -
Status: in_force

13-17.5-106. Assessment of costs and attorney fees - review of inmate spending from account - recovery of costs from inmate accounts - alternative sanctions - continuing garnishment authorized. (1) (a) In any action based upon prison conditions brought under any statute or constitutional provision, if attorney fees are recoverable pursuant to any state or federal statute, no attorney fees shall be awarded to an inmate, except to the extent that:

(I) The fees were directly and reasonably incurred in proving an actual violation of the inmate's rights protected by the constitution or statute; and

(II) (A) The amount of the fees is proportionately related to the court-ordered relief for the violation; or

(B) The fees were directly and reasonably incurred in enforcing the relief ordered for the violation.

(b) No award of attorney fees under paragraph (a) of this subsection (1) shall be based on an hourly rate in excess of one hundred fifty percent of the hourly rate paid to court-appointed counsel in the district in which the action was filed.

(c) Whenever a separate monetary judgment is awarded in an action in which attorney fees are awarded under paragraph (a) of this subsection (1), a portion of the judgment not to exceed twenty-five percent shall be applied to reduce the amount of attorney fees awarded against the defendant.

(d) Nothing in this subsection (1) shall prohibit an inmate from entering into an agreement to pay an attorney fee in excess of the amount authorized in this subsection (1), if the fee is paid by the individual rather than by a defendant.

(2) The court may also enter judgment against an inmate who has been allowed to proceed as a poor person pursuant to section 13-16-103 for the amount of court costs and fees that the inmate would have incurred except for the provisions of that section, if the court awards attorney fees pursuant to subsection (1) of this section. The judgment entered by the court shall be collected and applied in accordance with subsection (3) of this section.

(3) If judgment for costs and attorney fees is awarded to a public defendant or to the court, pursuant to subsection (1) or (2) of this section, the court, pursuant to section 13-54.5-102, shall issue a writ of continuing garnishment of the inmate's account with the detaining facility, which garnishment shall continue until the judgment is paid in full, notwithstanding the requirement set forth in section 13-54.5-103 that the garnishment be renewed.
C.R.S. § 13-25-126 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 25 / Section 13-25-126
13-25-126. Genetic tests to determine parentage
Status: in_force

13-25-126. Genetic tests to determine parentage. (1) (a) (I) In any action, suit, or proceeding in which the parentage of a child is at issue, including but not limited to actions or proceedings pursuant to section 14-10-122 (6) or 19-4-107.3, C.R.S., upon motion of the court or any of the interested parties, the court shall order the alleged mother, the child or children, and the alleged father to submit to genetic testing and other appropriate testing of inherited characteristics, including but not limited to blood and tissue type, for the purpose of determining probability of parentage. If a party refuses to submit to these tests, the court may resolve the question of parentage against the party to enforce its order if the rights of others and the interests of justice so require.

(II) A court, pursuant to this section, or delegate child support enforcement unit pursuant to section 26-13.5-105, C.R.S., shall not order genetic testing of a child whose parentage has previously been determined by or pursuant to the law of another state, but a court may stay a support proceeding for such reasonable time as determined by the court to allow the party asserting the defense to pursue the nonparentage claim in the other state.

(b) The tests shall be conducted by a laboratory approved by an accreditation body designated by the secretary of the federal department of health and human services, utilizing any genetic test of a type generally acknowledged as reliable by such accreditation body. Costs of any such expert witness for the first test administered shall be fixed at a reasonable amount and shall be paid as the court orders. If the results of the tests or the expert analysis of inherited characteristics are disputed by any party, the court shall order that an additional test be made by the same or another laboratory at the expense of the party disputing the test results or analysis.

(c) Documentation from the testing laboratory of the following information is sufficient to establish a reliable chain of custody that makes the results of genetic testing admissible without testimony:

(I) The names and photographs of the individuals from whom specimens have been taken;

(II) The names of the individuals who collected the specimens;

(III) The places at which and dates on which the specimens were collected;

(IV) The names of the individuals who received the specimens in the testing laboratory; and

(V) The dates the specimens were received.

(d) A specimen used in genetic testing may consist of one or more samples or a combination of samples, of blood, buccal cells, bone, hair, or other body tissue or fluid. The specimen used in the testing need not be of the same kind for each individual undergoing genetic testing.

(e) Specimens and reports are confidential. An individual who intentionally releases an identifiable specimen of another individual for any purpose other than that relevant to the proceeding regarding parentage without a court order or the written permission of the individual who furnished the specimen commits a class 2 misdemeanor and, upon conviction, shall be punished as provided in section 18-1.3-501 (1).

(f) A report of genetic testing must be in a record, defined in section 19-1-103, and signed under penalty of perjury by a designee of the testing laboratory. A report made pursuant to the requirements of this article 25 is self-authenticating.

(g) Under this section, a man is presumed to be the father of a child if the genetic testing complies with the requirements of this section and the results disclose that the man is not excluded and that the man has at least a ninety-seven percent probability of paternity.

(h) A man presumed to be the father of the child pursuant to paragraph (g) of this subsection (1) may rebut the genetic testing results only by other genetic testing that satisfies the requirements of this section and that:

(I) Excludes the man as the genetic father of the child; or

(II) Identifies another man as the father of the child.

(i) The presumption of parentage of a child born during a marriage may be overcome, as provided in section 19-4-105 (2)(a), if the court finds that the conclusion of the experts conducting the tests, as disclosed by the evidence based upon the tests, shows that one of the spouses is not the parent of the child.

(2) Any objection to genetic testing results shall be made in writing not less than fifteen days before the first scheduled hearing at which the results may be introduced into evidence or fifteen days after motion for summary judgment is served on such person; except that a person shall object to the genetic testing results not less than twenty-four hours prior to the first scheduled hearing if such person did not receive the results fifteen or more days before such hearing. The test results shall be admissible as evidence of paternity in an action filed pursuant to article 10 of title 14, C.R.S., article 4 of title 19, C.R.S., or article 13.5 of title 26, C.R.S., without the need for foundation testimony or other proof of authenticity or accuracy.

(3) For good cause shown, the court may order genetic testing of a deceased individual.

(4) The court may order genetic testing of a brother of a man presumed to be the father of a child if the man is commonly believed to have an identical brother and evidence suggests that the brother may be the genetic father of the child. If genetic testing excludes none of the brothers as the genetic father, and each brother satisfies the requirements as the presumed father of the child under section 19-4-105, C.R.S., without consideration of another identical brother being presumed to be the father of the child, the court may rely on nongenetic evidence to adjudicate which brother is the father of the child.
C.R.S. § 13-71-122 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 71 / Section 13-71-122
13-71-122. Failure to appear - delinquency notice
Status: in_force

13-71-122. Failure to appear - delinquency notice. The jury commissioner may send a delinquency notice by certified or first-class mail to any trial or grand juror who has failed to appear for juror service. The purposes of delinquency notices shall be only to notify the jurors of their delinquent status and to rectify the problem by appropriate means. The jury commissioner shall have discretionary authority to resolve delinquent juror problems.
C.R.S. § 13-2-106 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 2 / Section 13-2-106
13-2-106. Process from supreme court
Status: in_force

13-2-106. Process from supreme court. All process issued out of the supreme court shall bear teste in the name of the chief justice, be signed by the clerk of the court, sealed with its seal, and made returnable according to law or the rules and orders of the court and shall be executed by the officer to whom the same is directed.
C.R.S. § 13-1-132 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 1 / Part 1 / Section 13-1-132
13-1-132. Use of interactive audiovisual devices and communication technology in court pro
Status: in_force

13-1-132. Use of interactive audiovisual devices and communication technology in court proceedings. (1) Except for trials, when the appearance of any person is required in any court of this state, such appearance may be made by the use of an interactive audiovisual device. An interactive audiovisual device shall operate so as to enable the person and the judge or magistrate to view and converse with each other simultaneously.

(2) Notwithstanding any provision of this section, a judge or magistrate may order a person to appear in court.

(3) A full record of such proceeding shall be made.

(3.5) (a) All Colorado courts, including municipal courts, shall make any criminal court proceeding conducted in open court available for remote public viewing and listening in real time, at no cost to the public, through an online platform, which may include a participatory web conferencing platform, and post prominently on the court's website the links for remote observation, unless:

(I) The courtroom does not have sufficient technological capability, such as a participatory web conferencing platform, to make such proceedings available to the public for remote observation;

(II) Members of the public have been excluded from the criminal proceeding by order of the court;

(III) Technology, staffing, or internet issues limit or prevent remote observation; or

(IV) After a request by a party, witness, or victim, or on the court's own motion, the court makes findings on the record based on the particular facts and circumstances of the case that:

(A) There is a reasonable likelihood remote observation of live proceedings risks compromising the safety of any person; the defendant's right to a fair trial, including violations of sequestration orders; or the victim's rights pursuant to section 24-4.1-302.5 (1)(a); and

(B) There is no less restrictive alternative that preserves the public interest in remote observation while mitigating the identified risk. As used in this subsection (3.5)(a)(IV)(B), "less restrictive alternative" includes allowing remote audio-only observation while disabling video observation or turning off remote observation for particular witnesses or discrete portions of the proceeding.

(b) As used in this section, "risks compromising the safety" include risks to physical and emotional safety, intimidation, and harassment.

(c) When allowing remote observation, courts shall take reasonable steps to ensure there is no audio or visual recording, including photography or screenshots of the proceedings, without explicit permission of the court. As used in this subsection (3.5)(c), "reasonable steps" must include an on-screen warning that any recording of the proceedings without a court order, including any screen capture, photograph, or audiovisual recording, is prohibited. "Reasonable steps" may also include the court issuing an additional verbal or on-screen warning and prohibiting remote observation by specific individuals whom the court has reason to believe may violate this rule.

(d) When allowing remote observation, courts shall take reasonable steps to ensure no audio or visual transmission of privileged, confidential communications occurs. To help facilitate privileged, confidential communications in the courtroom, courts shall notify parties and attorneys of the location of microphones and any ability to mute microphones. If the court becomes aware that such transmissions occurred, the court shall work with the parties and attorneys to prevent reoccurrence.

(e) If a proceeding subject to a sequestration order is made available for public remote observation, the court shall take reasonable steps to ensure compliance with the sequestration order and ensure the right to a fair trial, which may include:

(I) Announcing the sequestration order as frequently as necessary in open court;

(II) Requiring observers to identify themselves to ensure none are potential witnesses and that any observers who are forbidden from discussing the case with witnesses know of that obligation;

(III) At the request of a party, allowing the court or party to inquire of any witness, while under oath and outside the presence of the jury, if the witness watched any portion of the proceeding or discussed any portion of the proceeding with anyone prior to testifying; and

(IV) Terminating remote observation to protect the parties' right to a fair trial or to ensure compliance with the sequestration order.

(f) For criminal courts that do not have sufficient existing staff or technological capabilities to make proceedings available for remote observation as of September 1, 2023, if the court subsequently obtains such staff and capabilities, the court must comply with the provisions of this section within ninety days after obtaining such staff and capabilities.

(g) This subsection (3.5) does not apply to juvenile delinquency cases pursuant to title 19 or to cases in which a juvenile has been charged by direct filing of information or an indictment in district court pursuant to section 19-2.5-801 until the completion of a preliminary hearing and completion of any hearing requesting to transfer the case to juvenile court pursuant to section 19-2.5-801 (4).

(4) The supreme court may prescribe rules of procedure pursuant to section 13-2-109 to implement this section.
C.R.S. § 13-54-107 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 54 / Section 13-54-107
13-54-107. Exemptions in bankruptcy
Status: in_force

13-54-107. Exemptions in bankruptcy. The exemptions provided in section 522 (d) of the federal bankruptcy code of 1978, title 11 of the United States Code, as amended, are denied to residents of this state. Exemptions authorized to be claimed by residents of this state shall be limited to those exemptions expressly provided by the statutes of this state.
C.R.S. § 13-40-101 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 40 / Section 13-40-101
13-40-101. Forcible entry and detainer defined
Status: in_force

13-40-101. Forcible entry and detainer defined. (1) If any person enters upon or into any lands, tenements, mining claims, or other possessions with force or strong hand or multitude of people, whether any person is actually upon or in the same at the time of such entry, or if any person by threats of violence or injury to the party in possession or by such words or actions as have a natural tendency to excite fear or apprehension of danger gains possession of any lands, tenements, mining claims, or other possessions and detains and holds the same, such person so offending is guilty of a forcible entry and detainer within the meaning of this article.

(2) If any person enters peaceably upon any lands, tenements, mining claims, or other possessions, whether any person is actually in or upon the same at the time of such entry and by force turns the party in possession out or, by threats or by words or actions which have a natural tendency to excite fear or apprehension of danger, frightens the party out of possession and detains and holds the same, such person so offending is guilty of a forcible detainer within the meaning of this article.

(3) If any person enters upon or into any lands, tenements, mining claims, or other possessions by force or by threats of violence, or words or actions which have a natural tendency to excite fear or apprehension of danger, and intimidates the party entitled to possession from returning upon or possessing the same, such person so offending is guilty of a forcible entry within the meaning of this article.
C.R.S. § 13-45-112 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 45 / Section 13-45-112
13-45-112. Judge refusing or delaying writ - penalty
Status: in_force

13-45-112. Judge refusing or delaying writ - penalty. Any judge of a court empowered by this article to issue writs of habeas corpus who corruptly refuses to issue such writ when legally applied for in a case where such writ may lawfully issue or who, for the purpose of oppression, unreasonably delays the issuing of such writ shall for every such offense forfeit to the prisoner or party aggrieved a sum not exceeding five hundred dollars.
C.R.S. § 13-56-103 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 56 / Part 1 / Section 13-56-103
13-56-103. Lien of six years' duration
Status: in_force

13-56-103. Lien of six years' duration. The lien of an attachment or execution levied on real estate shall continue for six years from the filing of the certificate thereof, as provided in section 13-56-101, unless the same is sooner released or discharged or unless the judgment in the case is satisfied.
C.R.S. § 13-5.5-112 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 5.5 / Section 13-5.5-112
13-5.5-112. Recusal
Status: in_force

13-5.5-112. Recusal. (1) A commissioner shall disclose to his or her commission any professional or personal relationship with a justice or judge that may affect an unbiased evaluation of the justice or judge, including involvement with any litigation involving the justice or judge and the commissioner, the commissioner's family, or the commissioner's financial interests. A commission may require, upon a two-thirds vote of the other commissioners, the recusal of one of its commissioners because of a relationship with a justice or judge.

(2) A justice or judge who is being evaluated by a state or district commission may not recuse himself or herself from a case solely on the basis that an attorney, party, or witness in the case is a commissioner on the evaluating commission.
C.R.S. § 13-32-103 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 32 / Section 13-32-103
13-32-103. Docket fees in special proceedings
Status: repealed

13-32-103. Docket fees in special proceedings. (1) (a) On and after July 1, 2008, if an appeal is taken from a judgment of a county court in a criminal matter or from a judgment of a municipal court, the appellant shall pay a docket fee of seventy dollars. Such an appeal shall not be subject to the tax imposed by section 2-5-119, C.R.S., for the use of the committee on legal services.

(b) Each fee collected pursuant to paragraph (a) of this subsection (1) shall be transmitted to the state treasurer and divided as follows:

(I) Repealed.

(II) On and after July 1, 2010, forty-five dollars shall be deposited in the judicial stabilization cash fund created in section 13-32-101 (6), five dollars shall be deposited in the court security cash fund established pursuant to section 13-1-204, and twenty dollars shall be deposited in the justice center cash fund created in section 13-32-101 (7)(a).

(2) (a) On and after July 1, 2008, in cases where a motion to dismiss for failure to file a complaint is filed, the defendant shall pay a docket fee of fifty-five dollars.

(b) Each fee collected pursuant to paragraph (a) of this subsection (2) shall be transmitted to the state treasurer and divided as follows:

(I) Repealed.

(II) On and after July 1, 2010, thirty dollars shall be deposited in the judicial stabilization cash fund created in section 13-32-101 (6), five dollars shall be deposited in the court security cash fund established pursuant to section 13-1-204, and twenty dollars shall be deposited in the justice center cash fund created in section 13-32-101 (7)(a).

(3) (a) On and after July 1, 2008, in cases where a motion to authorize a sale in accordance with the provisions of rule 120, Colorado rules of civil procedure, is filed, the applicant shall pay a docket fee of two hundred twenty-four dollars.

(b) Each fee collected pursuant to paragraph (a) of this subsection (3) shall be transmitted to the state treasurer and divided as follows:

(I) Repealed.

(II) On and after July 1, 2010, one hundred fifty dollars shall be deposited in the judicial stabilization cash fund created in section 13-32-101 (6), five dollars shall be deposited in the court security cash fund established pursuant to section 13-1-204, sixty-eight dollars shall be deposited in the justice center cash fund created in section 13-32-101 (7)(a), and one dollar shall be deposited in the general fund pursuant to section 2-5-119, C.R.S.

(4) This section shall not apply to the fee charged for filing the record of any birth or death or changes in any certificate thereof.

(5) In cases of domestic abuse pursuant to article 4 of title 14, C.R.S., the plaintiff shall not be required to pay the docket fee set forth in section 13-32-101. At the first hearing held in connection with the action, the court shall set a date for payment of the docket fee unless the court determines that the plaintiff is unable to pay the docket fee pursuant to section 13-16-103.

(6) (a) On and after July 1, 2008, in any supplemental proceeding held pursuant to rule 69, Colorado rules of civil procedure, or rule 369, Colorado rules of county court civil procedure, the judgment creditor, upon commencement of the proceeding, shall pay a docket fee of seventy dollars.

(b) Each fee collected pursuant to paragraph (a) of this subsection (6) shall be transmitted to the state treasurer and divided as follows:

(I) Repealed.

(II) On and after July 1, 2010, forty-five dollars shall be deposited in the judicial stabilization cash fund created in section 13-32-101 (6), five dollars shall be deposited in the court security cash fund established pursuant to section 13-1-204, and twenty dollars shall be deposited in the justice center cash fund created in section 13-32-101 (7)(a).

(7) (Deleted by amendment, L. 2008, p. 2134, § 9, effective June 4, 2008.)
C.R.S. § 13-20-1206 — CO Code / Title 13 / Article 20 / Part 12 / Section 13-20-1206
13-20-1206. Attorney fees
Status: in_force

13-20-1206. Attorney fees. Section 13-17-201, which requires an award of attorney fees to defendants in certain actions dismissed prior to trial, does not apply to an action brought pursuant to this part 12.