C.R.S. § 14-10-127.5 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 10 / Section 14-10-127.5
14-10-127.5. Domestic violence training for court personnel - expert testimony - child placem
Status: in_force

14-10-127.5. Domestic violence training for court personnel - expert testimony - child placement decisions - legislative declaration - definitions. (1) (a) The general assembly finds and declares that:

(I) Approximately fifteen million children are exposed each year to domestic violence or child abuse;

(II) Most child abuse is perpetrated in the family and by a parent;

(III) A child's risk of abuse increases after a perpetrator of intimate partner violence separates from the perpetrator's domestic partner, even when the perpetrator had not directly abused the child previously;

(IV) Empirical research indicates that allegations of child physical and sexual abuse are regularly discounted by courts when raised in parental allocation cases. Courts believe fewer than one-fourth of claims that a parent has committed child physical or sexual abuse.

(V) In parental allocation cases in which an alleged or known abusive parent claims alienation from the child, courts are four times more likely to disbelieve the parent who claims child physical or sexual abuse;

(VI) Research shows that courts grant custody or unprotected parenting time to an alleged or known abusive parent;

(VII) Since 2008, nearly eight hundred children have been murdered by a divorcing or separating parent, with more than one hundred murders occurring after a court ordered the child into contact with the alleged or known abusive parent despite objections from the parent who claimed child physical or sexual abuse;

(VIII) Abusive parents frequently claim that abuse allegations are false to minimize or deny reports of abuse. Experts who testify against abuse allegations often lack expertise in the relevant type of alleged abuse, relying on unproven theories.

(IX) Judges presiding over parental allocation cases with allegations of child abuse, child sexual abuse, and domestic violence are rarely required to receive training on these subjects.

(b) The general assembly therefore declares that:

(I) A child's safety is the first priority of the court in a proceeding affecting the child's care and custody;

(II) Strengthening the ability of the courts to recognize and adjudicate adult and child abuse allegations based on valid, admissible evidence will allow courts to enter orders that protect and minimize risk of harm to the child; and

(III) Court personnel involved in cases containing abuse allegations who receive trauma-informed training on the dynamics, signs, and impacts of child abuse, child sexual abuse, and intimate partner violence will help protect and minimize risk of harm to the child.

(2) As used in this section, unless the context otherwise requires:

(a) "Accused party" means a parent in a case to determine parental responsibilities who has been accused of domestic violence or child abuse, including child sexual abuse.

(a.3) "Coercive control" means a pattern of threatening, humiliating, or intimidating actions, including assaults or other abuse, that is used to harm, punish, or frighten an individual. "Coercive control" includes a pattern of behavior that takes away the individual's liberty or freedom and strips away the individual's sense of self, including the individual's bodily integrity and human rights. "Coercive control" includes isolating the individual from support, exploiting the individual, depriving the individual of independence, and regulating the individual's everyday behavior. "Coercive control" includes, but is not limited to, any of the following:

(I) Isolating the individual from friends and family;

(II) Monitoring, surveilling, regulating, or controlling the individual's, or the individual's child's or relative's, finances, economic resources, or access to services;

(III) Monitoring, surveilling, regulating, or controlling the individual's, or the individual's child's or relative's, activities, communications, or movements, including through technology;

(IV) Name-calling, degrading, or demeaning the individual, or the individual's child or relative, on a frequent basis;

(V) Threatening to harm or kill the individual or the individual's child or relative, including wearing, accessing, displaying, using, or cleaning a weapon in an intimidating or threatening manner;

(VI) Threatening to commit suicide or otherwise harm one's own person, when used as a method of coercion, control, punishment, intimidation, or retaliation against the person;

(VII) Threatening to harm or kill an animal with which the individual or the individual's child or relative has an emotional bond;

(VIII) Threatening to publish the individual's, or the individual's child's or relative's, sensitive personal information, including sexually explicit material, or make reports to the police or authorities;

(IX) Damaging the individual's, or the individual's child's or relative's, property or household goods;

(X) Threatening the individual, or the individual's child or relative, with deportation or contacting authorities based on perceived or actual immigration status, withholding essential documents required for immigration, or threatening to withdraw or interfere with an active immigration application or process; or

(XI) Forcing the individual, or the individual's child or relative, to take part in criminal activities or child abuse.

(b) "Protective party" means a parent in a case to determine parental responsibilities who is competent, protective, not sexually or physically abusive, and with whom a child is bonded or attached.

(c) "Reunification treatment" means a treatment or therapy aimed at reuniting or reestablishing a relationship between a child and an estranged or rejected parent or other family member of the child.

(d) "Task force" means the task force to study victim and survivor awareness and responsiveness training requirements for judicial personnel created in section 24-33.5-534, as enacted in House Bill 23-1108.

(e) "Victim service provider" means a nonprofit, nongovernmental or tribal organization or rape crisis center, including of a state or tribal nation, that is subject to section 13-90-107 (1)(k)(I) and assists or advocates for domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, or stalking victims, including domestic violence shelters, faith-based organizations, and other organizations with a documented history of effective work concerning domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, or stalking.

(3) (a) In all proceedings brought pursuant to this title 14 concerning the allocation of parental responsibilities with respect to a child in which a claim of domestic violence or child abuse, including child sexual abuse, has been made to the court, or the court has reason to believe that a party has committed domestic violence or child abuse, including child sexual abuse, the court shall:

(I) Consider the admission of expert testimony and evidence if the expert demonstrates expertise and experience working with victims of domestic violence or child abuse, including child sexual abuse, that is not solely forensic in nature;

(II) Consider evidence of past sexual or physical abuse committed by the accused party, including:

(A) Any past or current protection or restraining orders against the accused party, including protection or restraining orders that raise sexual violence or abuse;

(B) Arrests of the accused party for domestic violence, sexual violence, or child abuse;

(C) Convictions of the accused party for domestic violence, sexual violence, or child abuse; or

(D) Other documentation, including letters from a victim advocate or victim service provider, if the victim has consented pursuant to section 13-90-107 (1)(k)(I); medical records; or a letter to a landlord to break a lease; and

(III) Consider evidence related to the use of coercive control by a party.

(b) In determining allocation of parental responsibilities in proceedings brought pursuant to this title 14 in which a claim of domestic violence or child abuse, including child sexual abuse, has been made to the court, or the court has reason to believe that a party has committed domestic violence or child abuse, including child sexual abuse, a court shall not:

(I) Remove a child from a protective party solely to improve a deficient relationship with an accused party;

(II) Restrict contact between a child and a protective party solely to improve a deficient relationship with an accused party;

(III) Order reunification treatment, unless there is generally accepted and scientifically valid proof of the safety, effectiveness, and therapeutic value of the reunification treatment; or

(IV) Order reunification treatment that is predicated on cutting off the relationship between a child and protective party.

(c) If a court issues an order to remediate the resistance of a child to have contact with an accused party, the order must primarily address the behavior of the accused party, who shall accept responsibility for the accused party's actions that negatively affected the accused party's relationship with the child, and a mental health professional approved by the domestic violence offender management board shall verify the accused party's behavior before the court orders a protective party to take steps to improve the relationship with the accused party.

(d) In compliance with the federal "Keeping Children Safe From Family Violence Act", 34 U.S.C. sec. 10446, as amended, any neutral professional appointed by a court to express an opinion relating to abuse, trauma, or the behaviors of victims and perpetrators of abuse and trauma during a proceeding to allocate parental responsibilities shall possess demonstrated expertise and experience in working with victims of domestic violence or child abuse, including child sexual abuse, that is not solely of a forensic nature.

(3.5) If allegations of domestic violence, child abuse or neglect, or child sexual abuse have been made, the court shall give strong consideration to a child's stated preference made to the court, child and family investigator, evaluator, or the child's legal advocate, if the stated preference is consistent with the paramount consideration given to the child's safety and the physical, mental, and emotional conditions and needs of the child.

(4) (a) The task force shall study the training requirements in the federal "Keeping Children Safe From Family Violence Act", 34 U.S.C. sec. 10446, as amended, and make recommendations that comply with the federal requirements for any judge or magistrate who presides over parental responsibility proceedings. The task force shall focus on the following:

(I) The hourly training requirements described in subsection (5)(a) of this section;

(II) The recognition of domestic violence and child abuse described in subsection (5)(b) of this section; and

(III) The requirements of a professional trainer to lead the training described in subsections (6)(a) and (6)(b) of this section.

(b) The training must be designed to improve the courts' ability to recognize domestic violence and child abuse in parental allocation proceedings as described in subsection (6)(c) of this section.

(5) (a) Child and family investigators, as described in section 14-10-116.5, parental responsibilities evaluators, as described in section 14-10-127, who are involved in parental responsibility proceedings, and legal representatives of children described in section 14-10-116 who do not contract with the office of the child's representative, shall complete:

(I) No less than twenty hours of initial training; and

(II) No less than fifteen hours of ongoing training every five years.

(b) The required training set forth in subsection (5)(a) of this section must focus on domestic violence and child abuse, including:

(I) Child sexual abuse;

(II) Physical abuse;

(III) Emotional abuse;

(IV) Coercive control;

(V) Implicit and explicit bias, including biases relating to parties with disabilities;

(VI) Trauma;

(VII) Long-term and short-term impacts of domestic violence and child abuse on children;

(VIII) Victim and perpetrator behavioral patterns and relationship dynamics within the cycle of violence;

(IX) Interviewing; and

(X) Forensic report writing.

(b.1) Notwithstanding any provision of this subsection (5) to the contrary, a child and family investigator or a parental responsibilities evaluator who completed the initial training required pursuant to subsection (5)(a)(I) of this section on or before January 1, 2025, is not required to complete supplemental training or the entire training again for the purpose of completing interviewing and forensic report writing training required pursuant to subsections (5)(b)(IX) and (5)(b)(X) of this section.

(b.5) The required training set forth in subsection (5)(a) of this section must be culturally informed and must not include information that is discriminatory because of a child's or parent's disability, race, creed, religion, color, sex, sexual orientation, gender, gender identity, gender expression, culture, national origin, ancestry, or immigration status.

(c) (I) For each fiscal year, the office of the child's representative shall report to the state court administrator a list of trainings on domestic violence and child abuse that the office of the child's representative provides.

(II) Special masters and mediators who are involved in parental responsibility proceedings pursuant to this title 14 shall report to the state court administrator the existing training on domestic violence and child abuse and the hours of training completed.

(6) (a) A professional trainer shall conduct the required training set forth in subsection (5) of this section. The professional trainer shall have substantial experience in assisting survivors of domestic violence or child abuse. A professional trainer may include a professional representing a victim service provider.

(b) The professional trainer described in subsection (6)(a) of this section shall rely on evidence-based and peer-reviewed research conducted by recognized experts or research conducted in the field by recognized domestic violence victim advocates that focuses on the types of abuse described in subsection (5)(b) of this section and shall not include theories, concepts, or belief systems in the required training that are not supported by evidence-based and peer-reviewed research or research conducted in the field by recognized domestic violence victim advocates.

(c) The required training must be designed to improve the ability of courts to:

(I) Recognize and respond to child physical abuse, child sexual abuse, domestic violence, coercive control, and trauma in all family victims, particularly children; and

(II) Make appropriate custody decisions that prioritize child safety and well-being and that are culturally sensitive and appropriate for diverse communities.

(d) A professional trainer is not required to be affiliated with a state agency, including the office of the state court administrator, in order to deliver the training requirements pursuant to subsection (5) of this section and this subsection (6).

(7) As soon as possible after July 1, 2023, the judicial branch shall apply to the federal department of justice's office of the attorney general for a grant increase in compliance with the federal "Keeping Children Safe From Family Violence Act", 34 U.S.C. sec. 10446, as amended.
C.R.S. § 14-13-302 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 13 / Part 3 / Section 14-13-302
14-13-302. Enforcement under Hague Convention
Status: in_force

14-13-302. Enforcement under Hague Convention. Under this part 3 a court of this state may enforce an order for the return of the child made under the "Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction" as if it were a child-custody determination.
C.R.S. § 14-13-309 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 13 / Part 3 / Section 14-13-309
14-13-309. Service of petition and order
Status: in_force

14-13-309. Service of petition and order. Except as otherwise provided in section 14-13-311, the petition and order must be served, by any method authorized by the law of this state, upon respondent and any person who has physical custody of the child.
C.R.S. § 14-13.5-112 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 13.5 / Section 14-13.5-112
14-13.5-112. Relation to electronic signatures in global and national commerce act
Status: in_force

14-13.5-112. Relation to electronic signatures in global and national commerce act. This article modifies, limits, and supersedes the federal "Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act", 15 U.S.C. sec. 7001, et seq., but does not modify, limit, or supersede section 101(c) of the act, 15 U.S.C. sec. 7001(c), of that act or authorize electronic delivery of any of the notices described in section 103(b) of that act, 15 U.S.C. sec. 7003(b).
C.R.S. § 14-10-129.5 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 10 / Section 14-10-129.5
14-10-129.5. Disputes concerning parenting time
Status: in_force

14-10-129.5. Disputes concerning parenting time. (1) Within thirty-five days after the filing of a verified motion by either parent or upon the court's own motion alleging that a parent is not complying with a parenting time order or schedule and setting forth the possible sanctions that may be imposed by the court, the court shall determine from the verified motion, and response to the motion, if any, whether there has been or is likely to be substantial or continuing noncompliance with the parenting time order or schedule and either:

(a) Deny the motion, if there is an inadequate allegation; or

(b) Set the matter for hearing with notice to the parents of the time and place of the hearing as expeditiously as possible; or

(c) Require the parties to seek mediation and report back to the court on the results of the mediation within sixty-three days. Mediation services shall be provided in accordance with section 13-22-305, C.R.S. At the end of the mediation period, the court may approve an agreement reached by the parents or shall set the matter for hearing.

(2) After the hearing, if a court finds that a parent has not complied with the parenting time order or schedule and has violated the court order, the court, in the best interests of the child, shall issue an order that may include but not be limited to one or more of the following orders:

(a) An order imposing additional terms and conditions that are consistent with the court's previous order; except that the court shall separate the issues of child support and parenting time and shall not condition child support upon parenting time;

(b) An order modifying the previous order to meet the best interests of the child;

(b.3) An order requiring either parent or both parents to attend a parental education program as described in section 14-10-123.7, at the expense of the noncomplying parent;

(b.7) An order requiring the parties to participate in family counseling pursuant to section 13-22-313, C.R.S., at the expense of the noncomplying parent;

(c) An order requiring the violator to post bond or security to insure future compliance;

(d) An order requiring that makeup parenting time be provided for the aggrieved parent or child under the following conditions:

(I) That such parenting time is of the same type and duration of parenting time as that which was denied, including but not limited to parenting time during weekends, on holidays, and on weekdays and during the summer;

(II) That such parenting time is made up within six months after the noncompliance occurs, unless the period of time or holiday can not be made up within six months in which case the parenting time shall be made up within one year after the noncompliance occurs;

(III) That such parenting time takes place at the time and in the manner chosen by the aggrieved parent if it is in the best interests of the child;

(e) An order finding the parent who did not comply with the parenting time schedule in contempt of court and imposing a fine or jail sentence;

(e.5) An order imposing on the noncomplying parent a civil fine not to exceed one hundred dollars per incident of denied parenting time;

(f) An order scheduling a hearing for modification of the existing order concerning custody or the allocation of parental responsibilities with respect to a motion filed pursuant to section 14-10-131;

(g) (Deleted by amendment, L. 97, p. 970, § 1, effective August 6, 1997.)

(h) Any other order that may promote the best interests of the child or children involved.

(3) Any civil fines collected as a result of an order entered pursuant to paragraph (e.5) of subsection (2) of this section shall be transmitted to the state treasurer, who shall credit the same to the dispute resolution fund created in section 13-22-310, C.R.S.

(4) In addition to any other order entered pursuant to subsection (2) of this section, the court shall order a parent who has failed to provide court-ordered parenting time or to exercise court-ordered parenting time to pay to the aggrieved party attorney fees or licensed legal paraprofessional fees, court costs, and expenses that are associated with an action brought pursuant to this section. In the event the parent responding to an action brought pursuant to this section is found not to be in violation of the parenting time order or schedule, the court may order the petitioning parent to pay the court costs, attorney fees or licensed legal paraprofessional fees, and expenses incurred by the responding parent. This section does not preclude a party's right to a separate and independent legal action in tort.
C.R.S. § 14-5-615 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 5 / Part 6 / Section 14-5-615
14-5-615. Jurisdiction to modify child support order of foreign country
Status: in_force

14-5-615. Jurisdiction to modify child support order of foreign country. (a) Except as otherwise provided in section 14-5-711, if a foreign country lacks or refuses to exercise jurisdiction to modify its child support order pursuant to its laws, a tribunal of this state may assume jurisdiction to modify the child support order and bind all individuals subject to the personal jurisdiction of the tribunal whether the consent to modification of a child support order otherwise required of the individual pursuant to section 14-5-611 has been given or whether the individual seeking modification is a resident of this state or of the foreign country.

(b) An order issued by a tribunal of this state modifying a foreign child support order pursuant to this section is the controlling order.
C.R.S. § 14-13-313 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 13 / Part 3 / Section 14-13-313
14-13-313. Recognition and enforcement
Status: in_force

14-13-313. Recognition and enforcement. A court of this state shall accord full faith and credit to an order issued by another state and consistent with this article that enforces a child-custody determination by a court of another state unless the order has been vacated, stayed, or modified by a court having jurisdiction to do so under a provision of law adopted by that state that is in substantial conformity with part 2 of this article.
C.R.S. § 14-5-802 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 5 / Part 8 / Section 14-5-802
14-5-802. Conditions of rendition
Status: in_force

14-5-802. Conditions of rendition. (a) Before making a demand that the governor of another state surrender an individual charged criminally in this state with having failed to provide for the support of an obligee, the governor of this state may require a prosecutor of this state to demonstrate that at least sixty days previously the obligee had initiated proceedings for support pursuant to this article or that the proceeding would be of no avail.

(b) If, under this article or a law substantially similar to this article, the governor of another state makes a demand that the governor of this state surrender an individual charged criminally in that state with having failed to provide for the support of a child or other individual to whom a duty of support is owed, the governor may require a prosecutor to investigate the demand and report whether a proceeding for support has been initiated or would be effective. If it appears that a proceeding would be effective but has not been initiated, the governor may delay honoring the demand for a reasonable time to permit the initiation of a proceeding.

(c) If a proceeding for support has been initiated and the individual whose rendition is demanded prevails, the governor may decline to honor the demand. If the petitioner prevails and the individual whose rendition is demanded is subject to a support order, the governor may decline to honor the demand if the individual is complying with the support order.
C.R.S. § 14-15-118 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 15 / Section 14-15-118
14-15-118. Construction
Status: in_force

14-15-118. Construction. The provisions of this article shall not be construed to create a marriage between the parties to a civil union or alter the public policy of this state, which recognizes only the union of one man and one woman as a marriage.
C.R.S. § 14-13.7-401 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 13.7 / Part 4 / Section 14-13.7-401
14-13.7-401. Procedure for terminating interim grant of custodial responsibility established
Status: in_force

14-13.7-401. Procedure for terminating interim grant of custodial responsibility established by agreement. (1) At any time after return from deployment, an interim agreement granting custodial responsibility under part 2 of this article may be terminated by an agreement to terminate signed by the deploying parent and the other parent.

(2) An interim agreement under part 2 of this article granting custodial responsibility terminates:

(a) If an agreement to terminate under subsection (1) of this section specifies a date for termination on that date; or

(b) If the agreement to terminate does not specify a date, on the date the agreement to terminate is signed by the deploying parent and the other parent.

(3) In the absence of an agreement to terminate under subsection (1) of this section, an interim agreement granting custodial responsibility terminates under part 2 of this article thirty-five days after the deploying parent gives notice to the other parent that the deploying parent returned from deployment.

(4) If an interim agreement granting custodial responsibility was filed with a court pursuant to section 14-13.7-205, an agreement to terminate the interim agreement must also be filed with that court within a reasonable time after the signing of the agreement. The case number and heading of the case concerning custodial responsibility or child support must be provided to the court with the agreement to terminate.
C.R.S. § 14-13-105 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 13 / Part 1 / Section 14-13-105
14-13-105. Effect of child-custody determination
Status: in_force

14-13-105. Effect of child-custody determination. A child-custody determination made by a court of this state that had jurisdiction under this article binds all persons who have been served in accordance with the laws of this state or notified in accordance with section 14-13-108 or who have submitted to the jurisdiction of the court, and who have been given an opportunity to be heard. As to those persons, the determination is conclusive as to all decided issues of law and fact except to the extent the determination is modified.
C.R.S. § 14-13-402 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 13 / Part 4 / Section 14-13-402
14-13-402. Severability clause
Status: in_force

14-13-402. Severability clause. If any provision of this article or its application to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the invalidity does not affect other provisions or applications of this article that can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to this end the provisions of this article are severable.
C.R.S. § 14-15-113 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 15 / Section 14-15-113
14-15-113. Civil union license required for certification
Status: in_force

14-15-113. Civil union license required for certification. Persons authorized by section 14-15-112 to certify civil unions shall require a civil union license from the parties before certifying the civil union.
C.R.S. § 14-2-103 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 2 / Part 1 / Section 14-2-103
14-2-103. Uniformity of application and construction
Status: in_force

14-2-103. Uniformity of application and construction. This part 1 shall be so applied and construed as to effectuate its general purpose to make uniform the law with respect to the subject of this part 1 among those states which enact it.
C.R.S. § 14-5-504 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 5 / Part 5 / Section 14-5-504
14-5-504. Immunity from civil liability
Status: in_force

14-5-504. Immunity from civil liability. An employer that complies with an income-withholding order issued in another state in accordance with this article is not subject to civil liability to an individual or agency with regard to the employer's withholding of child support from the obligor's income.
C.R.S. § 14-15-102 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 15 / Section 14-15-102
14-15-102. Legislative declaration
Status: in_force

14-15-102. Legislative declaration. The general assembly declares that the public policy of this state, as set forth in section 31 of article II of the state constitution, recognizes only the union of one man and one woman as a marriage. The general assembly declares that the purpose of this article is to provide eligible couples the opportunity to obtain the benefits, protections, and responsibilities afforded by Colorado law to spouses consistent with the principles of equality under law and religious freedom embodied in both the United States constitution and the constitution of this state. The general assembly declares that a second purpose of the act is to protect individuals who are or may become partners in a civil union against discrimination in employment, housing, and in places of public accommodation. The general assembly further finds that the general assembly, in the exercise of its plenary power, has the authority to define other arrangements, such as a civil union between two unmarried persons regardless of their gender, and to set forth in statute any state-level benefits, rights, and protections to which a couple is entitled by virtue of entering into a civil union. The general assembly finds that the "Colorado Civil Union Act" does not alter the public policy of this state, which recognizes only the union of one man and one woman as a marriage. The general assembly also declares that a third purpose in enacting the "Colorado Civil Union Act" is to state that Colorado courts may offer same-sex couples the equal protection of the law and to give full faith and credit to recognize relationships legally created in other jurisdictions that are similar to civil unions created by this article and that are not otherwise recognized pursuant to Colorado law.
C.R.S. § 14-7-104 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 7 / Section 14-7-104
14-7-104. Application of article
Status: in_force

14-7-104. Application of article. This article 7 does not apply to liability for the support of children admitted, certified, committed, or transferred to any public institution of this state supervised by the department of human services for the care, support, maintenance, education, or treatment of a person with a behavioral or mental health disorder or a person with an intellectual and developmental disability.
C.R.S. § 14-15-116 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 15 / Section 14-15-116
14-15-116. Reciprocity - principle of comity
Status: repealed

14-15-116. Reciprocity - principle of comity.

(1) Repealed.

(2) Under principles of comity, a civil union, domestic partnership, or substantially similar legal relationship between two persons that is legally created in another jurisdiction shall be deemed to be a civil union for purposes of Colorado law as set forth in this article.
C.R.S. § 14-10.5-102 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 10.5 / Section 14-10.5-102
14-10.5-102. Legislative declaration
Status: in_force

14-10.5-102. Legislative declaration. (1) The general assembly finds and declares that in most situations it is important to the healthy development of children that the children spend quality time with both parents. The general assembly further finds that due to dissolution of marriage, legal separation, and children born to single parents, families are often divided. As a result, many children do not have the opportunity to spend the time with both parents that a court may have determined is in their best interests.

(2) The general assembly further finds that the federal "Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996", Public Law 104-193, allows states to seek grants of federal funds for the establishment and administration of programs and to support and facilitate children's access to time with their noncustodial parent.

(3) It is the purpose of this article to enhance children's opportunities for access to their parent with whom the child does not reside the majority of the time pursuant to court order in compliance with any orders entered in that regard. To that end, the general assembly hereby determines that it is appropriate for the state to seek the federal grant described in section 391 of the federal "Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996", Public Law 104-193, in order to explore alternative methods by which to support and facilitate a child's access to and time with his or her parent with whom the child does not reside the majority of the time in contested parenting time proceedings.
C.R.S. § 14-12-102 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 12 / Section 14-12-102
14-12-102. Domestic relations counselor - assistants - term
Status: in_force

14-12-102. Domestic relations counselor - assistants - term. Subject to the provisions of section 13-3-105, C.R.S., the chief judge of any judicial district may appoint one or more domestic relations counselors and such other persons as assistants and clerks as may be deemed necessary to serve during the pleasure of the appointing power.
C.R.S. § 14-5-711 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 5 / Part 7 / Section 14-5-711
14-5-711. Modification of Convention child support order
Status: in_force

14-5-711. Modification of Convention child support order. (a) A tribunal of this state may not modify a Convention child support order if the obligee remains a resident of the foreign country where the support order was issued unless:

(1) The obligee submits to the jurisdiction of a tribunal of this state, either expressly or by defending on the merits of the case without objecting to the jurisdiction at the first available opportunity; or

(2) The foreign tribunal lacks or refuses to exercise jurisdiction to modify its support order or issue a new support order.

(b) If a tribunal of this state does not modify a Convention child support order because the order is not recognized in this state, section 14-5-708 (c) applies.
C.R.S. § 14-2-101 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 2 / Part 1 / Section 14-2-101
14-2-101. Short title
Status: in_force

14-2-101. Short title. This part 1 shall be known and may be cited as the "Uniform Marriage Act".
C.R.S. § 14-10-131.3 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 10 / Section 14-10-131.3
14-10-131.3. Modification of the allocation of parental responsibilities and parenting time b
Status: repealed

14-10-131.3. Modification of the allocation of parental responsibilities and parenting time based upon military service - legislative declaration - definitions. (Repealed)
C.R.S. § 14-10-128.3 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 10 / Section 14-10-128.3
14-10-128.3. Appointment of decision-maker - disclosure
Status: in_force

14-10-128.3. Appointment of decision-maker - disclosure. (1) In addition to the appointment of a parenting coordinator pursuant to section 14-10-128.1 or an arbitrator pursuant to section 14-10-128.5, at any time after the entry of an order concerning parental responsibilities and upon written consent of both parties, the court may appoint a qualified domestic relations decision-maker and grant to the decision-maker binding authority to resolve disputes between the parties as to implementation or clarification of existing orders concerning the parties' minor or dependent children, including but not limited to disputes concerning parenting time, specific disputed parental decisions, and child support. A decision-maker shall have the authority to make binding determinations to implement or clarify the provisions of a pre-existing court order in a manner that is consistent with the substantive intent of the court order. The decision-maker appointed pursuant to the provisions of this section may be the same person as the parenting coordinator appointed pursuant to section 14-10-128.1. At the time of the appointment, the appointed person shall comply with the disclosure provisions of subsection (4.5) of this section.

(2) The decision-maker's procedures for making determinations shall be in writing and shall be approved by the parties prior to the time the decision-maker begins to resolve a dispute of the parties. If a party is unable or unwilling to agree to the decision-maker's procedures, the decision-maker shall be allowed to withdraw from the matter.

(3) All decisions made by the decision-maker pursuant to this section must be in writing, dated, and signed by the decision-maker. Decisions of the decision-maker must be filed with the court and mailed to the parties or to counsel or licensed legal paraprofessional for the parties, if any, no later than twenty days after the date the decision is issued. All decisions are effective immediately upon issuance and continue in effect until vacated, corrected, or modified by the decision-maker or until an order is entered by a court pursuant to a de novo hearing pursuant to subsection (4) of this section.

(4) (a) A party may file a motion with the court requesting that a decision of the decision-maker be modified by the court pursuant to a de novo hearing. A motion for a de novo hearing shall be filed no later than thirty-five days after the date the decision is issued pursuant to subsection (3) of this section.

(b) If a court, in its discretion based on the pleadings filed, grants a party's request for a de novo hearing to modify the decision of the decision-maker and the court substantially upholds the decision of the decision-maker, the party that requested the de novo hearing shall pay the fees and costs of the other party and shall pay the fees and costs incurred by the decision-maker in connection with the request for de novo hearing, unless the court finds that it would be manifestly unjust.

(4.5) (a) Within seven days after the appointment, the appointed person shall disclose to each party, attorneys or licensed legal paraprofessionals of record, and the court any familial, financial, or social relationship that the appointed person has or has had with the child, either party, the attorneys or licensed legal paraprofessionals of record, or the judicial officer and, if a relationship exists, the nature of the relationship.

(b) Based on the disclosure required pursuant to paragraph (a) of this subsection (4.5), the court may, in its discretion, terminate the appointment and appoint a different person in the proceedings. A party has seven days from the date of the disclosure to object to the appointment based upon information contained in the disclosure. If a party objects to the appointment, the court shall appoint a different person or confirm the appointment within seven days after the date of the party's objection. If no party timely objects to the appointment, then the appointment is deemed confirmed.

(5) A court order appointing a decision-maker shall be for a specified term; except that the court order shall not appoint a decision-maker for a period of longer than two years. If an order fails to specify the length of the court-ordered appointment, it shall be construed to be two years from the date of appointment. Upon agreement of the parties, the court may extend, modify, or terminate the appointment, including extending the appointment beyond two years from the date of the original appointment. The court may terminate the appointment of the decision-maker at any time for good cause. The court shall allow the decision-maker to withdraw at any time.

(6) A court order appointing a decision-maker shall include apportionment of the responsibility for payment of all of the decision-maker's fees between the parties. The state shall not be responsible for payment of fees to a decision-maker appointed pursuant to this section.

(7) (a) A decision-maker shall be immune from liability in any claim for injury that arises out of an act or omission of the decision-maker occurring during the performance of his or her duties or during the performance of an act that the decision-maker reasonably believed was within the scope of his or her duties unless the act or omission causing such injury was willful and wanton.

(b) Nothing in this subsection (7) shall be construed to bar a party from asserting a claim related to the reasonableness or accuracy of any fee charged or time billed by a decision-maker.

(c) (I) In a judicial proceeding, administrative proceeding, or other similar proceeding, a decision-maker shall not be competent to testify and may not be required to produce records as to any statement, conduct, or decision, that occurred during the decision-maker's appointment, to the same extent as a judge of a court of this state acting in a judicial capacity.

(II) This paragraph (c) shall not apply:

(A) To the extent testimony or production of records by the decision-maker is necessary to determine the claim of the decision-maker against a party; or

(B) To the extent testimony or production of records by the decision-maker is necessary to determine a claim of a party against a decision-maker; or

(C) When both parties have agreed, in writing, to authorize the decision-maker to testify.

(d) If a person commences a civil action against a decision-maker arising from the services of the decision-maker, or if a person seeks to compel a decision-maker to testify or produce records in violation of subsection (7)(c) of this section, and the court decides that the decision-maker is immune from civil liability or that the decision-maker is not competent to testify, the court shall award to the decision-maker reasonable attorney fees or reasonable licensed legal paraprofessional fees and reasonable expenses of litigation.

(8) The decision-maker shall comply with any applicable provisions set forth in chief justice directives and any other practice or ethical standards established by rule, statute, or licensing board that regulates the decision-maker.
C.R.S. § 14-5-305 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 5 / Part 3 / Section 14-5-305
14-5-305. Duties and powers of responding tribunal
Status: in_force

14-5-305. Duties and powers of responding tribunal. (a) When a responding tribunal of this state receives a petition or comparable pleading from an initiating tribunal or directly pursuant to section 14-5-301 (b), it shall cause the petition or pleading to be filed and notify the petitioner where and when it was filed.

(b) A responding tribunal of this state, to the extent not prohibited by other law, may do one or more of the following:

(1) Establish or enforce a support order, modify a child support order, determine the controlling child support order, or determine parentage of a child;

(2) Order an obligor to comply with a support order, specifying the amount and the manner of compliance;

(3) Order income withholding;

(4) Determine the amount of any arrearages, and specify a method of payment;

(5) Enforce orders by civil or criminal contempt, or both;

(6) Set aside property for satisfaction of the support order;

(7) Place liens and order execution on the obligor's property;

(8) Order an obligor to keep the tribunal informed of the obligor's current residential address, electronic-mail address, telephone number, employer, address of employment, and telephone number at the place of employment;

(9) Issue a bench warrant for an obligor who has failed after proper notice to appear at a hearing ordered by the tribunal and enter the bench warrant in any local and state computer systems for criminal warrants;

(10) Order the obligor to seek appropriate employment by specified methods;

(11) Award reasonable attorney's fees and other fees and costs; and

(12) Grant any other available remedy.

(c) A responding tribunal of this state shall include in a support order issued under this article, or in the documents accompanying the order, the calculations on which the support order is based.

(d) A responding tribunal of this state may not condition the payment of a support order issued under this article upon compliance by a party with provisions for visitation.

(e) If a responding tribunal of this state issues an order under this article, the tribunal shall send a copy of the order to the petitioner and the respondent and to the initiating tribunal, if any.

(f) If requested to enforce a support order, arrears, or judgment or modify a support order stated in a foreign currency, a responding tribunal of this state shall convert the amount stated in the foreign currency to the equivalent amount in dollars under the applicable official or market exchange rate as publicly reported.
C.R.S. § 14-10-124.3 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 10 / Section 14-10-124.3
14-10-124.3. Stay of proceedings - criminal charges of allegations of sexual assault
Status: repealed

14-10-124.3. Stay of proceedings - criminal charges of allegations of sexual assault. (Repealed)
C.R.S. § 14-15-119 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 15 / Section 14-15-119
14-15-119. Severability
Status: in_force

14-15-119. Severability. If any provision of this article or the application thereof to any person or circumstance is held invalid, such invalidity does not affect other provisions or applications of this article that can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to this end the provisions of this article are declared to be severable.
C.R.S. § 14-13-307 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 13 / Part 3 / Section 14-13-307
14-13-307. Simultaneous proceedings
Status: in_force

14-13-307. Simultaneous proceedings. If a proceeding for enforcement under this part 3 is commenced in a court of this state and the court determines that a proceeding to modify the determination is pending in a court of another state having jurisdiction to modify the determination under a provision of law adopted by that state that is in substantial conformity with part 2 of this article, the enforcing court shall immediately communicate with the modifying court. The proceeding for enforcement continues unless the enforcing court, after consultation with the modifying court, stays or dismisses the proceeding.
C.R.S. § 14-5-102 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 5 / Part 1 / Section 14-5-102
14-5-102. Definitions
Status: repealed

14-5-102. Definitions. In this article:

(1) "Child" means an individual, whether over or under the age of majority, who is or is alleged to be owed a duty of support by the individual's parent or who is or is alleged to be the beneficiary of a support order directed to the parent.

(2) "Child support order" means a support order for a child, including a child who has attained the age of majority under the law of the issuing state or foreign country.

(2.5) "Convention" means the Convention on the International Recovery of Child Support and Other Forms of Family Maintenance, concluded at The Hague on November 23, 2007.

(3) "Duty of support" means an obligation imposed or imposable by law to provide support for a child, spouse, or former spouse, including an unsatisfied obligation to provide support.

(3.3) "Foreign country" means a country, including a political subdivision thereof, other than the United States, that authorizes the issuance of support orders and:

(A) Which has been declared under the law of the United States to be a foreign reciprocating country;

(B) Which has established a reciprocal arrangement for child support with this state as provided in section 14-5-308;

(C) Which has enacted a law or established procedures for the issuance and enforcement of support orders which are substantially similar to the procedures under this article; or

(D) In which the convention is in force with respect to the United States.

(3.4) "Foreign support order" means a support order of a foreign tribunal.

(3.5) "Foreign tribunal" means a court, administrative agency, or quasi-judicial entity of a foreign country which is authorized to establish, enforce, or modify support orders or to determine parentage of a child. The term includes a competent authority under the Convention.

(4) "Home state" means the state or foreign country in which a child lived with a parent or a person acting as parent for at least six consecutive months immediately preceding the time of filing of a petition or comparable pleading for support and, if a child is less than six months old, the state or foreign country in which the child lived from birth with any of them. A period of temporary absence of any of them is counted as part of the six-month or other period.

(5) "Income" includes earnings or other periodic entitlements to money from any source and any other property subject to withholding for support under the law of this state.

(6) "Income-withholding order" means an order or other legal process directed to an obligor's employer or other debtor, as defined by the income-withholding law of this state, to withhold support from the income of the obligor.

(7) Repealed.

(8) "Initiating tribunal" means the tribunal of a state or foreign country from which a petition or comparable pleading is forwarded or in which a petition or comparable pleading is filed for forwarding to another state or foreign country.

(8.5) "Issuing foreign country" means the foreign country in which a tribunal issues a support order or a judgment determining parentage of a child.

(9) "Issuing state" means the state in which a tribunal issues a support order or a judgment determining parentage of a child.

(10) "Issuing tribunal" means the tribunal of a state or foreign country that issues a support order or a judgment determining parentage of a child.

(11) "Law" includes decisional and statutory law and rules and regulations having the force of law.

(12) "Obligee" means:

(A) An individual to whom a duty of support is or is alleged to be owed or in whose favor a support order or a judgment determining parentage of a child has been issued;

(B) A foreign country, state, or political subdivision of a state to which the rights under a duty of support or support order have been assigned or which has independent claims based on financial assistance provided to an individual obligee in place of child support;

(C) An individual seeking a judgment determining parentage of the individual's child; or

(D) A person that is a creditor in a proceeding under part 7 of this article.

(13) "Obligor" means an individual, or the estate of a decedent that:

(A) Owes or is alleged to owe a duty of support;

(B) Is alleged but has not been adjudicated to be a parent of a child;

(C) Is liable under a support order; or

(D) Is a debtor in a proceeding under part 7 of this article.

(13.5) "Outside this state" means a location in another state or a country other than the United States, whether or not the country is a foreign country.

(14) "Person" means an individual, corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, joint venture, public corporation, government, or governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality, or any other legal or commercial entity.

(15) "Record" means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form.

(16) "Register" means to file in a tribunal of this state a support order or judgment determining parentage of a child issued in another state or a foreign country.

(17) "Registering tribunal" means a tribunal in which a support order or judgment determining parentage of a child is registered.

(18) "Responding state" means a state in which a petition or comparable pleading for support or to determine parentage of a child is filed or to which a petition or comparable pleading is forwarded for filing from another state or a foreign country.

(19) "Responding tribunal" means the authorized tribunal in a responding state or foreign country.

(20) "Spousal-support order" means a support order for a spouse or former spouse of the obligor.

(21) "State" means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, or any territory or insular possession under the jurisdiction of the United States. The term includes an Indian nation or tribe.

(22) "Support enforcement agency" means a public official, governmental entity, or private agency authorized to:

(A) Seek enforcement of support orders or laws relating to the duty of support;

(B) Seek establishment or modification of child support;

(C) Request determination of parentage of a child;

(D) Attempt to locate obligors or their assets; or

(E) Request determination of the controlling child support order.

(23) "Support order" means a judgment, decree, order, decision, or directive, whether temporary, final, or subject to modification, issued in a state or foreign country for the benefit of a child, a spouse, or a former spouse, which provides for monetary support, health care, arrearages, retroactive support, or reimbursement for financial assistance provided to an individual obligee in place of child support. The term may include related costs and fees, interest, income withholding, automatic adjustment, reasonable attorney's fees, and other relief.

(24) "Tribunal" means a court, administrative agency, or quasi-judicial entity authorized to establish, enforce, or modify support orders or to determine parentage of a child.
C.R.S. § 14-5-707 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 5 / Part 7 / Section 14-5-707
14-5-707. Contest of registered Convention support order
Status: in_force

14-5-707. Contest of registered Convention support order. (a) Except as otherwise provided in this part 7, sections 14-5-605 through 14-5-608 apply to a contest of a registered Convention support order.

(b) A party contesting a registered Convention support order shall file a contest not later than thirty days after notice of the registration, but if the contesting party does not reside in the United States, the contest must be filed not later than sixty days after notice of the registration.

(c) If the nonregistering party fails to contest the registered Convention support order by the time specified in subsection (b), the order is enforceable.

(d) A contest of a registered Convention support order may be based only on grounds set forth in section 14-5-708. The contesting party bears the burden of proof.

(e) In a contest of a registered Convention support order, a tribunal of this state:

(1) Is bound by the findings of fact on which the foreign tribunal based its jurisdiction; and

(2) May not review the merits of the order.

(f) A tribunal of this state deciding a contest of a registered Convention support order shall promptly notify the parties of its decision.

(g) A challenge or appeal, if any, does not stay the enforcement of a Convention support order unless there are exceptional circumstances.
C.R.S. § 14-5-315 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 5 / Part 3 / Section 14-5-315
14-5-315. Nonparentage as defense
Status: in_force

14-5-315. Nonparentage as defense. A party whose parentage of a child has been previously determined by or pursuant to law may not plead nonparentage as a defense to a proceeding under this article.
C.R.S. § 14-2-201 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 2 / Part 2 / Section 14-2-201
14-2-201. Property ownership
Status: in_force

14-2-201. Property ownership. The property, real and personal, that a person in this state owns at the time of his or her marriage, and the rents, issues, profits, and proceeds thereof, and any real, personal, or mixed property that comes to him or her by descent, devise, or bequest, or the gift of any person except his or her husband or wife, including presents or gifts from his or her husband or wife, such as jewelry, silver, tableware, watches, money, and apparel, remains his or her sole and separate property, notwithstanding his or her marriage, and is not subject to the disposal of his or her husband or wife or liable for his or her debts.
C.R.S. § 14-5-601 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 5 / Part 6 / Section 14-5-601
14-5-601. Registration of order for enforcement
Status: in_force

14-5-601. Registration of order for enforcement. A support order or income-withholding order issued in another state or a foreign support order may be registered in this state for enforcement.
C.R.S. § 14-2-305 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 2 / Part 3 / Section 14-2-305
14-2-305. Principles of law and equity
Status: in_force

14-2-305. Principles of law and equity. Unless displaced by a provision of this part 3, principles of law and equity supplement this part 3.
C.R.S. § 14-2-311 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 2 / Part 3 / Section 14-2-311
14-2-311. Limitation of action
Status: in_force

14-2-311. Limitation of action. A statute of limitations applicable to an action asserting a claim for relief under a premarital agreement or marital agreement is tolled during the marriage of the parties to the agreement, but equitable defenses limiting the time for enforcement, including laches and estoppel, are available to either party.
C.R.S. § 14-10-128.1 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 10 / Section 14-10-128.1
14-10-128.1. Appointment of parenting coordinator - disclosure
Status: in_force

14-10-128.1. Appointment of parenting coordinator - disclosure. (1) Pursuant to the provisions of this section, at any time after the entry of an order concerning parental responsibilities and upon notice to the parties, the court may, on its own motion, a motion by either party, or an agreement of the parties, appoint a parenting coordinator as a neutral third party to assist in the resolution of disputes between the parties concerning parental responsibilities, including but not limited to implementation of the court-ordered parenting plan. The parenting coordinator shall be a neutral person with appropriate training and qualifications and an independent perspective acceptable to the court. Within seven days after the appointment, the appointed person shall comply with the disclosure provisions of subsection (2.5) of this section.

(2) (a) Absent agreement of the parties, a court shall not appoint a parenting coordinator unless the court makes the following findings:

(I) That the parties have failed to adequately implement the parenting plan;

(II) That mediation has been determined by the court to be inappropriate, or, if not inappropriate, that mediation has been attempted and was unsuccessful; and

(III) That the appointment of a parenting coordinator is in the best interests of the child or children involved in the parenting plan.

(b) In addition to making the findings required pursuant to subsection (2)(a) of this section, prior to appointing a parenting coordinator, the court may consider the effect of any claim or documented evidence of domestic violence, as defined in section 14-10-124, by the other party on the parties' ability to engage in parent coordination.

(2.5) (a) Within seven days after the appointment, the appointed person shall disclose to each party, attorneys or licensed legal paraprofessionals of record, and the court any familial, financial, or social relationship that the appointed person has or has had with the child, either party, the attorneys or licensed legal paraprofessionals of record, or the judicial officer and, if a relationship exists, the nature of the relationship.

(b) Based on the disclosure required pursuant to paragraph (a) of this subsection (2.5), the court may, in its discretion, terminate the appointment and appoint a different person in the proceedings. A party has seven days from the date of the disclosure to object to the appointment based upon information contained in the disclosure. If a party objects to the appointment, the court shall appoint a different person or confirm the appointment within seven days after the date of the party's objection. If no party timely objects to the appointment, then the appointment is deemed confirmed.

(3) A parenting coordinator shall assist the parties in implementing the terms of the parenting plan. Duties of a parenting coordinator include, but are not limited to, the following:

(a) Assisting the parties in creating an agreed-upon, structured guideline for implementation of the parenting plan;

(b) Developing guidelines for communication between the parties and suggesting appropriate resources to assist the parties in learning appropriate communication skills;

(c) Informing the parties about appropriate resources to assist them in developing improved parenting skills;

(d) Assisting the parties in realistically identifying the sources and causes of conflict between them, including but not limited to identifying each party's contribution to the conflict, when appropriate; and

(e) Assisting the parties in developing parenting strategies to minimize conflict.

(4) (a) The court may not appoint a person pursuant to this section to serve in a case as a parenting coordinator if the person has served or is serving in the same case as an evaluator pursuant to section 14-10-127 or a representative of the child pursuant to section 14-10-116. After appointing a person pursuant to this section to serve as a parenting coordinator in a case, the court may not subsequently appoint the person to serve in the same case as an evaluator pursuant to section 14-10-127 or a representative of the child pursuant to section 14-10-116.

(b) The court may appoint a person who has served or is serving in a case as a child and family investigator pursuant to section 14-10-116.5 to serve in the same case as the parenting coordinator, upon the agreement of the parties. After appointing a person pursuant to this section to serve as a parenting coordinator in a case, the court may not subsequently appoint the person to serve as a child and family investigator in the same case pursuant to section 14-10-116.5.

(5) A court order appointing a parenting coordinator shall be for a specified term; except that the court order shall not appoint a parenting coordinator for a period of longer than two years. If an order fails to specify the length of the court-ordered appointment, it shall be construed to be two years from the date of appointment. Upon agreement of the parties, the court may extend, modify, or terminate the appointment, including extending the appointment beyond two years from the date of the original appointment. The court may terminate the appointment of the parenting coordinator at any time for good cause. The court shall allow the parenting coordinator to withdraw at any time.

(6) A court order appointing a parenting coordinator shall include apportionment of the responsibility for payment of all of the parenting coordinator's fees between the parties. The state shall not be responsible for payment of fees to a parenting coordinator appointed pursuant to this section.

(7) (a) A parenting coordinator appointed by the court pursuant to this section shall be immune from civil liability in any claim for injury that arises out of an act or omission of the parenting coordinator occurring on or after April 16, 2009, during the performance of his or her duties or during the performance of any act that a reasonable parenting coordinator would believe was within the scope of his or her duties unless the act or omission causing the injury was willful and wanton.

(b) Nothing in this subsection (7) shall be construed to bar a party from asserting a claim:

(I) Based upon a parenting coordinator's failure to comply with the provision set forth in subsection (8) of this section;

(II) Related to the reasonableness or accuracy of any fee charged or time billed by a parenting coordinator; or

(III) Based upon a negligent act or omission involving the operation of a motor vehicle by a parenting coordinator.

(c) (I) In a judicial proceeding, administrative proceeding, or other similar proceeding between the parties to the action, a parenting coordinator shall not be competent to testify and may not be required to produce records as to any statement, conduct, or decision that occurred during the parenting coordinator's appointment to the same extent as a judge of a court of this state acting in a judicial capacity.

(II) This paragraph (c) shall not apply:

(A) To the extent testimony or production of records by the parenting coordinator is necessary to determine a claim of the parenting coordinator against a party; or

(B) To the extent testimony or production of records by the parenting coordinator is necessary to determine a claim of a party against a parenting coordinator; or

(C) When both parties have agreed, in writing, to authorize the parenting coordinator to testify.

(d) If a person commences a civil action against a parenting coordinator arising from the services of the parenting coordinator, or if a person seeks to compel a parenting coordinator to testify or produce records in violation of subsection (7)(c) of this section, and the court determines that the parenting coordinator is immune from civil liability or that the parenting coordinator is not competent to testify, the court shall award to the parenting coordinator reasonable attorney fees or reasonable licensed legal paraprofessional fees and reasonable expenses of litigation.

(8) The parenting coordinator shall comply with any applicable provisions set forth in chief justice directives and any other practice or ethical standards established by rule, statute, guideline, or licensing board that regulates the parenting coordinator.
C.R.S. § 14-12-104 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 12 / Section 14-12-104
14-12-104. Duties of domestic relations counselors
Status: in_force

14-12-104. Duties of domestic relations counselors. (1) Domestic relations counselors shall, under the supervision of and as directed by the judge of the district court in which they are serving, perform the following duties:

(a) Promptly consider all requests for counseling for the purpose of disposing of such requests pursuant to this article;

(b) Counsel husband or wife or both under a schedule of fees set by the judge of the district court wherein the case is heard, said fee to be paid by either the husband or wife or jointly by the husband and wife, as determined by the court, whether or not a petition for dissolution of marriage, declaration of invalidity of marriage, or legal separation has been filed, if the spouses have marital difficulties which may lead to a termination of the marriage relationship;

(c) If, in the judgment of the counselor, prolonged counseling is necessary or if it appears that medical, psychiatric, or religious assistance is indicated, refer the husband or wife or both to a physician, psychiatrist, psychologist, social service agency, or clergyman of any religious denomination to which the parties may belong.
C.R.S. § 14-10-102 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 10 / Section 14-10-102
14-10-102. Purposes - rules of construction
Status: in_force

14-10-102. Purposes - rules of construction. (1) This article 10 must be liberally construed and applied to promote its underlying purposes.

(2) The underlying purposes of this article 10 are:

(a) To promote the amicable settlement of disputes that have arisen between parties to a marriage;

(b) To mitigate the potential harm to the spouses and their children caused by the process of legal dissolution of marriage;

(c) To make the law of legal dissolution of marriage more effective for dealing with the realities of matrimonial experience by making an irretrievable breakdown of the marriage relationship the sole basis for its dissolution; and

(d) To provide safeguards for a parent with a disability, pursuant to the provisions of section 24-34-805.
C.R.S. § 14-13.7-205 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 13.7 / Part 2 / Section 14-13.7-205
14-13.7-205. Filing agreement or power of attorney with court
Status: in_force

14-13.7-205. Filing agreement or power of attorney with court. An agreement or power of attorney under this part 2 must be filed within a reasonable time with any court that has entered an order on custodial responsibility or child support that is in effect concerning the child who is the subject of the agreement or power. The case number and heading of the pending case concerning custodial responsibility or child support must be provided to the court with the agreement or power.
C.R.S. § 14-6-104 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 6 / Section 14-6-104
14-6-104. Jurisdiction
Status: in_force

14-6-104. Jurisdiction. Courts of record in this state shall have jurisdiction under this article as provided in this section, and a complaint or information for the violation of this article may be filed in any court of record by the prosecuting attorney or other appropriate agency or before the county court of the county in which such offense defined in section 14-6-101 is committed.
C.R.S. § 14-2-303 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 2 / Part 3 / Section 14-2-303
14-2-303. Scope
Status: in_force

14-2-303. Scope. (1) This part 3 applies to a premarital agreement or marital agreement signed on or after July 1, 2014.

(2) This part 3 does not affect any right, obligation, or liability arising under a premarital agreement or marital agreement signed before July 1, 2014.

(3) This part 3 does not apply to:

(a) An agreement between spouses which affirms, modifies, or waives a marital right or obligation and requires court approval to become effective; or

(b) An agreement between spouses who intend to obtain a marital dissolution or court-decreed legal separation which resolves their marital rights or obligations and is signed when a proceeding for marital dissolution or court-decreed legal separation is anticipated or pending.

(4) This part 3 does not affect adversely the rights of a bona fide purchaser for value to the extent that this part 3 applies to a waiver of a marital right or obligation in a transfer or conveyance of property by a spouse to a third party.
C.R.S. § 14-2-301 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 2 / Part 3 / Section 14-2-301
14-2-301. Short title
Status: in_force

14-2-301. Short title. This part 3 may be cited as the "Uniform Premarital and Marital Agreements Act".
C.R.S. § 14-4-107 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 4 / Section 14-4-107
14-4-107. Family violence justice fund - creation - grants from fund - definitions
Status: in_force

14-4-107. Family violence justice fund - creation - grants from fund - definitions. (1) There is hereby established in the state treasury the family violence justice fund, hereafter referred to as the "fund". Pursuant to subsection (3) of this section, the state court administrator is authorized to make grants from the fund directly to qualifying organizations providing civil legal services to indigent residents of the state of Colorado.

(2) Grants from the fund shall be used to fund qualifying organizations to provide legal advice, representation, and advocacy for and on behalf of indigent clients who are victims of family violence. Moneys from the fund may be provided for services that include, but are not limited to:

(a) The provision of direct legal representation to victims of family violence in resolving their civil legal matters and removing impediments to the elimination of family violence. Such representation may include, but need not be limited to, representation in any protection order proceeding; action for dissolution of marriage, legal separation, or declaration of invalidity of marriage; action for dissolution of a civil union, legal separation, or declaration of invalidity of a civil union; paternity action; child custody action; proceeding to establish or enforce child support; administrative hearings; or any other judicial actions in which family violence is an issue or in which legal representation is necessary to protect the interests of a victim of family violence.

(b) The provision of clinics designed to educate and assist indigent victims of family violence in the proceedings set forth in paragraph (a) of this subsection (2);

(c) The provision of legal information and advice to victims of family violence, referrals to appropriate persons or agencies, and the provision of emergency assistance in appropriate cases by telephone, electronic communication, or other appropriate means.

(3) A qualifying organization seeking to receive a grant from the fund shall submit an application each year to the state court administrator on a form provided by such administrator. The application form shall request any information which the administrator may need in determining the qualifications of the organization for receipt of a grant. Commencing July 1, 1999, and quarterly thereafter, the state court administrator shall distribute grants from the fund, subject to available appropriations, to a qualifying organization for each county or city and county based upon the following formula:

(a) The total moneys shall be disbursed in proportion to the number of persons living below the poverty line in each county or city and county as determined by the most recent census published by the bureau of the census of the United States department of commerce.

(b) If there is more than one qualifying organization within a county or city and county, the proportionate share of the fund for such county or city and county disbursed to each such qualifying organization shall be allocated in proportion to the number of indigent family violence clients served by each qualifying organization or its predecessor in the preceding year.

(4) (a) In addition to any appropriation from the general fund, the state court administrator is authorized to accept on behalf of the state any funds, grants, gifts, or donations from any private or public source for the purpose of implementing this section. All private and public funds received through grants, gifts, or donations shall be transmitted to the state treasurer who shall credit the same to the family violence justice fund.

(b) The moneys in the fund shall be subject to annual appropriation by the general assembly for the direct and indirect costs associated with the administration of this section. The state court administrator of the judicial department, subject to annual appropriation by the general assembly, is authorized to expend moneys appropriated to the department from the fund to qualifying organizations for the purposes described in this section; except that the amount expended for indirect costs associated with the administration of this section shall not exceed three percent of the moneys appropriated to the fund in any fiscal year. All investment earnings derived from the deposit and investment of the moneys in the fund shall be credited to the fund. Any moneys not appropriated shall remain in the fund and shall not be transferred or revert to the general fund of the state at the end of any fiscal year.

(c) (I) In addition to the money paid into the fund pursuant to this subsection (4) and subsection (4.5) of this section, the general assembly shall appropriate money from the economic recovery and relief cash fund, created in section 24-75-228, as enacted by Senate Bill 21-291, enacted in 2021, to the office of the state court administrator to be used for the programs and purposes described in subsection (2) of this section.

(II) Money appropriated pursuant to subsection (4)(c)(I) of this section from the economic recovery and relief cash fund, created in section 24-75-228, as enacted by Senate Bill 21-291, enacted in 2021, must only fund programs and purposes that also conform with the allowable purposes set forth in the federal "American Rescue Plan Act of 2021", Pub.L. 117-2, as the act may be subsequently amended. The office of the state court administrator may use up to ten percent of any money appropriated pursuant to subsection (4)(c)(I) of this section for development and administrative costs incurred pursuant to this section in the provision of programs and services allowed pursuant to the federal "American Rescue Plan Act of 2021", Pub.L. 117-2, as the act may be subsequently amended.

(4.5) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, the state court administrator shall apply the moneys generated from fees collected pursuant to section 13-32-101 (1)(a), (1)(a.5), (1)(b), and (1)(b.5), C.R.S., and transferred pursuant to section 13-32-101 (5)(a)(X) and (5)(b)(II), C.R.S., to grants to qualifying organizations that provide services described in subsection (2) of this section for or on behalf of indigent persons or their families, which persons are married, separated, or divorced or parties to a civil union or an invalidated, legally separated, or dissolved civil union.

(5) For purposes of this section:

(a) "Administrator" means the state court administrator in the state judicial department.

(b) "Family violence" has the same meaning as "domestic abuse" as set forth in section 13-14-101 (2), C.R.S.

(c) "Fund" means the family violence justice fund.

(d) "Indigent" means a person whose income does not exceed one hundred twenty-five percent of the current federal poverty guidelines determined annually by the United States department of health and human services.

(e) "Protection order" has the same meaning as set forth in section 18-6-803.7 (1)(b.5), C.R.S.

(f) "Qualifying organization" means an organization that:

(I) Provides full service civil legal services to indigent clients;

(II) Is based in Colorado;

(III) Is exempt from taxation pursuant to section 501 (c)(3) of the internal revenue code; and

(IV) Obtains more than thirty-three percent of its funding from sources other than grants from the fund.
C.R.S. § 14-10-130 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 10 / Section 14-10-130
14-10-130. Judicial supervision
Status: in_force

14-10-130. Judicial supervision. (1) Except as otherwise agreed by the parties in writing at the time of the decree concerning the allocation of parental responsibilities with respect to a child, the person or persons with responsibility for decision-making may determine the child's upbringing, including his or her education, health care, and religious training, unless the court, after hearing and upon motion by the other party, finds that, in the absence of a specific limitation of the person's or persons' decision-making authority, the child's physical health would be endangered or the child's emotional development significantly impaired.

(2) If both parties or all contestants agree to the order or if the court finds that in the absence of the order the child's physical health would be endangered or the child's emotional development significantly impaired, the court may order the county or district welfare department to exercise continuing supervision over the case to assure that the terms relating to the allocation of parental responsibilities with respect to the child or parenting time terms of the decree are carried out.
C.R.S. § 14-12-101 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 12 / Section 14-12-101
14-12-101. Legislative declaration
Status: in_force

14-12-101. Legislative declaration. It is the declared public policy of this state to maintain desirable marital and family relations; to promote and foster the marriage relationship and reconciliation of estranged spouses; and to take reasonable measures to preserve marriages, particularly where minor children are involved, in the interest of strengthening the family life foundation of our society, and in reducing the economic and social costs to the state resulting from broken homes. In furtherance of this policy, it is the purpose of this article to make competent marriage counseling services available through the district courts of the state to spouses involved in domestic difficulties.
C.R.S. § 14-10-123.3 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 10 / Section 14-10-123.3
14-10-123.3. Requests for parental responsibility for a child by grandparents
Status: in_force

14-10-123.3. Requests for parental responsibility for a child by grandparents. Whenever a grandparent seeks parental responsibility for his or her grandchild pursuant to the provisions of this article, the court entering such order shall consider any credible evidence of the grandparent's past conduct of child abuse or neglect. Such evidence may include, but shall not be limited to, medical records, school records, police reports, information contained in records and reports of child abuse or neglect, and court records received by the court pursuant to section 19-1-307 (2)(f), C.R.S.
C.R.S. § 14-13-304 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 13 / Part 3 / Section 14-13-304
14-13-304. Temporary visitation or parenting time
Status: in_force

14-13-304. Temporary visitation or parenting time. (1) A court of this state that does not have jurisdiction to modify a child-custody determination may issue a temporary order enforcing:

(a) A visitation or parenting time schedule made by a court of another state; or

(b) The visitation or parenting time provisions of a child-custody determination of another state that does not provide for a specific visitation or parenting time schedule.

(2) If a court of this state makes an order under paragraph (b) of subsection (1) of this section, it shall specify in the order a period that it considers adequate to allow the petitioner to obtain an order from a court having jurisdiction under criteria substantially in conformity with those criteria specified in part 2 of this article. The order remains in effect until an order is obtained from the other court or the period expires.
C.R.S. § 14-5-616 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 5 / Part 6 / Section 14-5-616
14-5-616. Procedure to register child support order of foreign country for modification
Status: in_force

14-5-616. Procedure to register child support order of foreign country for modification. A party or support enforcement agency seeking to modify, or to modify and enforce, a foreign child support order not under the Convention may register that order in this state under sections 14-5-601 through 14-5-608 if the order has not been registered. A petition for modification may be filed at the same time as a request for registration, or at another time. The petition must specify the grounds for modification.
C.R.S. § 14-2-204 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 2 / Part 2 / Section 14-2-204
14-2-204. Not to affect marriage settlements
Status: in_force

14-2-204. Not to affect marriage settlements. Nothing in sections 14-2-201 to 14-2-206 invalidates any marriage settlement or contract.
C.R.S. § 14-13-109 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 13 / Part 1 / Section 14-13-109
14-13-109. Appearance and limited immunity
Status: in_force

14-13-109. Appearance and limited immunity. (1) A party to a child-custody proceeding, including a modification proceeding, or a petitioner or respondent in a proceeding to enforce or register a child-custody determination, is not subject to personal jurisdiction in this state for another proceeding or purpose solely by reason of having participated, or of having been physically present for the purpose of participating, in the proceeding.

(2) A person who is subject to personal jurisdiction in this state on a basis other than physical presence is not immune from service of process in this state. A party present in this state who is subject to the jurisdiction of another state is not immune from service of process allowable under the laws of that state.

(3) The immunity granted by subsection (1) of this section does not extend to civil litigation based on acts unrelated to the participation in a proceeding under this article committed by an individual while present in this state.
C.R.S. § 14-10-121 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 10 / Section 14-10-121
14-10-121. Independence of provisions of decree or temporary order
Status: in_force

14-10-121. Independence of provisions of decree or temporary order. If a party fails to comply with a provision of a decree or temporary order or injunction, the obligation of the other party to make payments for support or maintenance or to permit parenting time is not suspended; but said party may move the court to grant an appropriate order.
C.R.S. § 14-10-104.5 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 10 / Section 14-10-104.5
14-10-104.5. Legislative declaration
Status: in_force

14-10-104.5. Legislative declaration. The general assembly recognizes that it is in the best interests of the parties to a marriage in which a dissolution has been granted and in which there are children of the marriage for the parties to be able to resolve disputes that arise subsequent to the dissolution in an amicable and fair manner. The general assembly further recognizes that, in most cases, it is in the best interests of the children of the marriage to have a relationship with both parents, including a parent with a disability, and that, in most cases, it is the parents' right to have a relationship with their children. The general assembly emphasizes that one of the underlying purposes of this article 10 is to mitigate the potential harm to the spouses and their children and the relationships between the parents and their children caused by the process of legal dissolution of marriage. The general assembly recognizes that when a marriage in which children are involved is dissolved, both parties either agree to or are subject to orders that contain certain obligations and commitments. The general assembly declares that the honoring and enforcing of those obligations and commitments made by both parties are necessary to maintaining a relationship that is in the best interest of the children of the marriage. Therefore, the general assembly declares that both parties should honor and fulfill all of the obligations and commitments made between the parties and ordered by the court.
C.R.S. § 14-7-105 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 7 / Section 14-7-105
14-7-105. Recovery for child support debt
Status: repealed

14-7-105. Recovery for child support debt. (Repealed)
C.R.S. § 14-13.7-502 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 13.7 / Part 5 / Section 14-13.7-502
14-13.7-502. Relation to electronic signatures in global and national commerce act
Status: in_force

14-13.7-502. Relation to electronic signatures in global and national commerce act. This article modifies, limits, or supersedes the "Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act", 15 U.S.C. section 7001, et seq., but does not modify, limit, or supersede section 101 (c) of that act, 15 U.S.C. section 7001 (c), or authorize electronic delivery of any of the notices described in section 103 (b) of that act, 15 U.S.C. section 7003 (b).
C.R.S. § 14-13-311 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 13 / Part 3 / Section 14-13-311
14-13-311. Warrant to take physical custody of child
Status: in_force

14-13-311. Warrant to take physical custody of child. (1) Upon the filing of a petition seeking enforcement of a child-custody determination, the petitioner may file a verified application for the issuance of a warrant to take physical custody of the child if the child is immediately likely to suffer serious physical harm or be removed from this state.

(2) If the court, upon the testimony of the petitioner or other witness, finds that the child is imminently likely to suffer serious physical harm or be removed from this state, it may issue a warrant to take physical custody of the child. The petition must be heard on the next judicial day after the warrant is executed unless that date is impossible. In that event, the court shall hold the hearing on the first judicial day possible. The application for the warrant must include the statements required by section 14-13-308 (2).

(3) A warrant to take physical custody of a child must:

(a) Recite the facts upon which a conclusion of imminent serious physical harm or removal from the jurisdiction is based;

(b) Direct law enforcement officers to take physical custody of the child immediately; and

(c) Provide for the placement of the child pending final relief.

(4) The respondent must be served with the petition, warrant, and order immediately after the child is taken into physical custody.

(5) A warrant to take physical custody of a child is enforceable throughout this state. If the court finds on the basis of the testimony of the petitioner or other witness that a less intrusive remedy is not effective, it may authorize law enforcement officers to enter private property to take physical custody of the child. If required by exigent circumstances of the case, the court may authorize law enforcement officers to make a forcible entry at any hour.

(6) The court may impose conditions upon placement of a child to ensure the appearance of the child and the child's custodian.
C.R.S. § 14-15-118.5 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 15 / Section 14-15-118.5
14-15-118.5. Construction - effect when parties to a civil union marry - dissolution process
Status: in_force

14-15-118.5. Construction - effect when parties to a civil union marry - dissolution process. (1) When parties who have entered into a civil union pursuant to this article subsequently marry, the effect is a merger of the two relationship statuses. Once merged, the civil union terminates as of the date of the solemnization of the marriage or determination of a common law marriage and no separate dissolution of the civil union is required.

(2) If one or both parties to a marriage that has been merged with a civil union subsequently desire to dissolve the marriage, legally separate, or have the marriage declared invalid, one or both of the parties must file a petition in accordance with the procedures specified in article 10 of this title.

(3) If a civil union and marriage were merged, any calculation of the duration of the marriage includes the time period during which the parties were in a civil union.
C.R.S. § 14-6-108 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 6 / Section 14-6-108
14-6-108. Citizenship - residence
Status: in_force

14-6-108. Citizenship - residence. For all the purposes of this article 6, citizenship or residence once acquired in this state by any parent of a child living in this state continues until the child has arrived at the age of sixteen years, so long as the child continues to live in this state. In case of prosecution under this article 6 for the violation of any of the provisions of this article 6, such citizenship or residence likewise continues so long as the spouse or parent resides in this state and is entitled to the support or maintenance provided for in section 14-6-101.
C.R.S. § 14-15-112 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 15 / Section 14-15-112
14-15-112. Persons authorized to certify civil unions - registration - fee
Status: in_force

14-15-112. Persons authorized to certify civil unions - registration - fee. (1) A civil union may be certified by a judge of a court, by a district court magistrate, by a county court magistrate, by a retired judge of a court, by the parties to the civil union, or in accordance with any mode of recognition of a civil union by any religious denomination or Indian nation or tribe.

(2) Within sixty-three days after the date on which the civil union is certified, either the person certifying the civil union or, if no individual acting alone certifies the civil union, a party to the civil union shall complete the civil union certificate and return the certificate to the county clerk and recorder's office that issued the license. A person who fails to return the civil union certificate to the county clerk and recorder as required by this section shall pay to the county clerk and recorder a late fee in an amount not less than twenty dollars. The county clerk and recorder may assess an additional five-dollar late fee for each additional day of failure to comply with the return requirements of this subsection (2), up to a maximum of fifty dollars. For purposes of determining whether to assess a late fee pursuant to this subsection (2), the date of return is deemed to be the date of postmark.

(3) Upon receiving the civil union certificate, the county clerk and recorder shall register the civil union.

(4) A priest, minister, rabbi, or other official of a religious institution or denomination or an Indian nation or tribe is not required to certify a civil union in violation of his or her right to the free exercise of religion guaranteed by the first amendment to the United States constitution and by section 4 of article II of the state constitution.
C.R.S. § 14-15-115 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 15 / Section 14-15-115
14-15-115. Dissolution, legal separation, and declaration of invalidity of civil unions - j
Status: in_force

14-15-115. Dissolution, legal separation, and declaration of invalidity of civil unions - jurisdiction - venue. (1) Any person who enters into a civil union in Colorado consents to the jurisdiction of the courts of Colorado for the purpose of any action relating to a civil union even if one or both parties cease to reside in this state.

(2) The district court has jurisdiction over all proceedings relating to the dissolution of a civil union, legal separation of a civil union, or the declaration of invalidity of a civil union, regardless of the jurisdiction where the civil union was entered into. The court shall follow the procedures specified in article 10 of this title, including the same domicile requirements for a dissolution, legal separation, or declaration of invalidity for such proceedings.

(3) A proceeding relating to the dissolution of a civil union, legal separation of a civil union, or the declaration of invalidity of a civil union may be held in the county where the petitioner or respondent resides or where the parties' civil union certificate was issued; except that process may be directed to any county in the state. A respondent's objection to venue is waived if not made within such time as the respondent's response is due.
C.R.S. § 14-6-103 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 6 / Section 14-6-103
14-6-103. Extradition
Status: in_force

14-6-103. Extradition. It is the duty of the district attorney or other proper officer, in any such case where the defendant is beyond the state of Colorado, to take all necessary and proper steps and proceedings to extradite such defendant and to obtain a requisition from the governor of the state of Colorado to the governor of the state in which such defendant may be found in order to secure his return from such state to the jurisdiction in which the case is being prosecuted. Extradition under this article shall be governed in accordance with the provisions of article 19 of title 16, C.R.S.
C.R.S. § 14-2-306 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 2 / Part 3 / Section 14-2-306
14-2-306. Formation requirements
Status: in_force

14-2-306. Formation requirements. A premarital agreement or marital agreement must be in a record and signed by both parties. The agreement is enforceable without consideration.
C.R.S. § 14-2-302 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 2 / Part 3 / Section 14-2-302
14-2-302. Definitions
Status: in_force

14-2-302. Definitions. In this part 3:

(1) "Amendment" means a modification or revocation of a premarital agreement or marital agreement.

(2) "Marital agreement" means an agreement between spouses who intend to remain married which affirms, modifies, or waives a marital right or obligation during the marriage or at legal separation, marital dissolution, death of one of the spouses, or the occurrence or nonoccurrence of any other event. The term includes an amendment, signed after the spouses marry, of a premarital agreement or marital agreement.

(3) "Marital dissolution" means the ending of a marriage by court decree. The term includes a divorce, dissolution, and annulment.

(4) "Marital right or obligation" means any of the following rights or obligations arising between spouses because of their marital status:

(a) Spousal maintenance;

(b) A right to property, including characterization, management, and ownership;

(c) Responsibility for a liability;

(d) A right to property and responsibility for liabilities at legal separation, marital dissolution, or death of a spouse; or

(e) An award and allocation of attorney's fees and costs.

(5) "Premarital agreement" means an agreement between individuals who intend to marry which affirms, modifies, or waives a marital right or obligation during the marriage or at legal separation, marital dissolution, death of one of the spouses, or the occurrence or nonoccurrence of any other event. The term includes an amendment, signed before the individuals marry, of a premarital agreement.

(6) "Property" means anything that may be the subject of ownership, whether real or personal, tangible or intangible, legal or equitable, or any interest therein, including income and earnings.

(7) "Record" means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form.

(8) "Sign" means with present intent to authenticate or adopt a record:

(a) To execute or adopt a tangible symbol; or

(b) To attach to or logically associate with the record an electronic symbol, sound, or process.

(9) "State" means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, or any territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States.
C.R.S. § 14-2-109 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 2 / Part 1 / Section 14-2-109
14-2-109. Solemnization and registration of marriages - proxy marriage
Status: in_force

14-2-109. Solemnization and registration of marriages - proxy marriage. (1) A marriage may be solemnized by a judge of a court, by a court magistrate, by a retired judge of a court, by a public official whose powers include solemnization of marriages, by the parties to the marriage, or in accordance with any mode of solemnization recognized by any religious denomination or Indian nation or tribe. Either the person solemnizing the marriage or, if no individual acting alone solemnized the marriage, a party to the marriage shall complete the marriage certificate form and forward it to the county clerk and recorder within sixty-three days after the solemnization. Any person who fails to forward the marriage certificate to the county clerk and recorder as required by this section shall be required to pay a late fee in an amount of not less than twenty dollars. An additional five-dollar late fee may be assessed for each additional day of failure to comply with the forwarding requirements of this subsection (1) up to a maximum of fifty dollars. For purposes of determining whether a late fee shall be assessed pursuant to this subsection (1), the date of forwarding shall be deemed to be the date of postmark.

(2) (a) The requirements for applying for a marriage license for a proxy marriage are the following:

(I) One party to the proxy marriage is a resident of the state of Colorado;

(II) One party to the proxy marriage appears in person to apply for the marriage license and pays the fees required in section 14-2-106 (1);

(III) The signatures of both parties to the proxy marriage are required, and the party present shall sign the marriage license application, as prescribed in section 14-2-105 (2), and provide an absentee affidavit form, as prescribed by the state registrar, containing the notarized signature of the absent party, along with proper identification documents as specified in section 14-2-105 (1)(a) for the absent party; and

(IV) Both parties to the proxy marriage are eighteen years of age or older.

(b) If a party to a marriage is unable to be present at the solemnization, the absent party may authorize in writing a third person to act as the absent party's proxy for purposes of solemnization of the marriage, if the absent party is:

(I) A member of the armed forces of the United States who is stationed in another country or in another state in support of combat or another military operation; or

(II) An individual who is a government contractor, or an employee of a government contractor, working in support of the armed forces of the United States or in support of United States military operations in another country or in another state and who supplies proper identification of that status.

(c) If the person solemnizing the marriage is satisfied that the absent party is unable to be present and has consented to the marriage, such person may solemnize the marriage by proxy. If such person is not satisfied, the parties may petition the district court for an order permitting the marriage to be solemnized by proxy.

(3) Upon receipt of the marriage certificate, the county clerk and recorder shall register the marriage.
C.R.S. § 14-4-104 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 4 / Section 14-4-104
14-4-104. Duties of peace officers - enforcement of emergency protection orders
Status: repealed

14-4-104. Duties of peace officers - enforcement of emergency protection orders. (Repealed)
C.R.S. § 14-13.7-403 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 13.7 / Part 4 / Section 14-13.7-403
14-13.7-403. Visitation before termination of interim grant of custodial responsibility
Status: in_force

14-13.7-403. Visitation before termination of interim grant of custodial responsibility. After a deploying parent returns from deployment until an interim agreement or an interim order for custodial responsibility established under part 2 or 3 of this article is terminated, the court shall immediately issue an interim order granting the deploying parent reasonable contact with the child consistent with the deployed parent's post deployment leave, unless the court finds it is not in the best interest of the child, even if the time of contact exceeds the time the deploying parent spent with the child before deployment.
C.R.S. § 14-5-710 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 5 / Part 7 / Section 14-5-710
14-5-710. Foreign support agreement
Status: in_force

14-5-710. Foreign support agreement. (a) Except as otherwise provided in subsections (c) and (d) of this section, a tribunal of this state shall recognize and enforce a foreign support agreement registered in this state.

(b) An application or direct request for recognition and enforcement of a foreign support agreement must be accompanied by:

(1) A complete text of the foreign support agreement; and

(2) A record stating that the foreign support agreement is enforceable as an order of support in the issuing country.

(c) A tribunal of this state may vacate the registration of a foreign support agreement only if, acting on its own motion, the tribunal finds that recognition and enforcement would be manifestly incompatible with public policy.

(d) In a contest of a foreign support agreement, a tribunal of this state may refuse recognition and enforcement of the agreement if it finds:

(1) Recognition and enforcement of the agreement is manifestly incompatible with public policy;

(2) The agreement was obtained by fraud or falsification;

(3) The agreement is incompatible with a support order involving the same parties and having the same purpose in this state, another state, or a foreign country if the support order is entitled to recognition and enforcement under this article in this state; or

(4) The record submitted under subsection (b) of this section lacks authenticity or integrity.

(e) A proceeding for recognition and enforcement of a foreign support agreement must be suspended during the pendency of a challenge to or appeal of the agreement before a tribunal of another state or a foreign country.
C.R.S. § 14-13-403 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 13 / Part 4 / Section 14-13-403
14-13-403. Transitional provision
Status: in_force

14-13-403. Transitional provision. A motion or other request for relief made in a child-custody proceeding or to enforce a child-custody determination that was commenced before July 1, 2000, is governed by the law in effect at the time the motion or other request was made.
C.R.S. § 14-13-301 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 13 / Part 3 / Section 14-13-301
14-13-301. Definitions
Status: in_force

14-13-301. Definitions. As used in this part 3, unless the context otherwise requires:

(1) "Petitioner" means a person who seeks enforcement of an order for the return of a child under the "Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction" or enforcement of a child-custody determination.

(2) "Respondent" means a person against whom a proceeding has been commenced for enforcement of an order for the return of a child under the "Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction" or enforcement of a child-custody determination.
C.R.S. § 14-14-103 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 14 / Section 14-14-103
14-14-103. Additional remedies
Status: in_force

14-14-103. Additional remedies. The remedies provided in this article are in addition to and not in substitution for any other remedies.
C.R.S. § 14-13-111 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 13 / Part 1 / Section 14-13-111
14-13-111. Taking testimony in another state
Status: in_force

14-13-111. Taking testimony in another state. (1) In addition to other procedures available to a party, a party to a child-custody proceeding or other legal representative of the child may offer testimony of witnesses who are located in another state, including testimony of the parties and the child, by deposition or other means allowable in this state for testimony taken in another state. The court on its own motion may order that the testimony of a person be taken in another state and may prescribe the manner in which and the terms upon which the testimony is taken.

(2) A court of this state may permit an individual residing in another state to be deposed or to testify by telephone, audiovisual means, or other electronic means before a designated court or at another location in that state. A court of this state shall cooperate with courts of other states in designating an appropriate location for the deposition or testimony.

(3) Documentary evidence transmitted from another state to a court of this state by technological means that do not produce an original writing may not be excluded from evidence on an objection based on the means of transmission.
C.R.S. § 14-13-207 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 13 / Part 2 / Section 14-13-207
14-13-207. Inconvenient forum
Status: in_force

14-13-207. Inconvenient forum. (1) A court of this state that has jurisdiction under this article to make a child-custody determination may decline to exercise its jurisdiction at any time if it determines that it is an inconvenient forum under the circumstances and that a court of another state is a more appropriate forum. The issue of inconvenient forum may be raised upon motion of a party, the court's own motion, or request of another court.

(2) Before determining whether it is an inconvenient forum, a court of this state shall consider whether it is appropriate for a court of another state to exercise jurisdiction. For this purpose, the court shall allow the parties to submit information and shall consider all relevant factors, including:

(a) Whether domestic violence or domestic abuse has occurred and is likely to continue in the future and which state could best protect the parties and the child;

(b) The length of time the child has resided outside this state;

(c) The distance between the court in this state and the court in the state that would assume jurisdiction;

(d) The relative financial circumstances of the parties;

(e) Any agreement of the parties as to which state should assume jurisdiction;

(f) The nature and location of the evidence required to resolve the pending litigation, including testimony of the child;

(g) The ability of the court of each state to decide the issue expeditiously and the procedures necessary to present the evidence; and

(h) The familiarity of the court of each state with the facts and issues in the pending litigation.

(3) If a court of this state determines that it is an inconvenient forum and that a court of another state is a more appropriate forum, it shall stay the proceedings upon condition that a child-custody proceeding be promptly commenced in another designated state and may impose any other condition the court considers just and proper.

(4) A court of this state may decline to exercise its jurisdiction under this article if a child-custody determination is incidental to an action for divorce, dissolution of marriage, or another proceeding while still retaining jurisdiction over the divorce, dissolution of marriage, or other proceeding.
C.R.S. § 14-5-713 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 5 / Part 7 / Section 14-5-713
14-5-713. Record in original language - English
Status: in_force

14-5-713. Record in original language - English. A record filed with a tribunal of this state under this part 7 must be in the original language and, if not in English, must be accompanied by an English translation.
C.R.S. § 14-5-903 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 5 / Part 9 / Section 14-5-903
14-5-903. Severability clause
Status: in_force

14-5-903. Severability clause. If any provision of this article or its application to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the invalidity does not affect other provisions or applications of this article which can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to this end the provisions of this article are severable.
C.R.S. § 14-13.7-309 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 13.7 / Part 3 / Section 14-13.7-309
14-13.7-309. Content of interim custody order
Status: in_force

14-13.7-309. Content of interim custody order. (1) An order granting custodial responsibility under this part 3 must:

(a) Designate the order as an interim order; and

(b) Identify to the extent feasible the destination, duration, and condition of the deployment.

(2) If applicable, an order for custodial responsibility under this part 3 must:

(a) Specify the allocation of caretaking authority, decision-making authority, or limited contact among the deploying parent, the other parent, and any nonparent;

(b) If the order divides caretaking or decision-making authority between individuals, or grants caretaking authority to one individual and limited contact to another, provide a process to resolve any dispute that may arise;

(c) Provide for liberal communication between the deploying parent and the child during deployment, including through electronic means, unless the court finds it is not in the best interest of the child, and allocate any costs of communications;

(d) Provide for liberal contact between the deploying parent and the child during the time the deploying parent is on leave or otherwise available, unless the court finds it is not in the best interest of the child;

(e) Provide for reasonable contact between the deploying parent and the child after return from deployment until the interim order is terminated, even if the time of contact exceeds the time the deploying parent spent with the child before entry of the interim order; and

(f) Provide that the order will terminate pursuant to part 4 of this article after the deploying parent returns from deployment.
C.R.S. § 14-13-108 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 13 / Part 1 / Section 14-13-108
14-13-108. Notice to persons outside state
Status: in_force

14-13-108. Notice to persons outside state. (1) Notice required for the exercise of jurisdiction when a person is outside this state may be given in a manner prescribed by the law of this state for service of process or by the law of the state in which the service is made. Notice must be given in a manner reasonably calculated to give actual notice but may be by publication if other means are not effective.

(2) Proof of service may be made in the manner prescribed by the law of this state or by the law of the state in which the service is made.

(3) Notice is not required for the exercise of jurisdiction with respect to a person who submits to the jurisdiction of the court.
C.R.S. § 14-5-612 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 5 / Part 6 / Section 14-5-612
14-5-612. Recognition of order modified in another state
Status: in_force

14-5-612. Recognition of order modified in another state. If a child support order issued by a tribunal of this state is modified by a tribunal of another state which assumed jurisdiction pursuant to the "Uniform Interstate Family Support Act", a tribunal of this state:

(1) May enforce its order that was modified only as to arrears and interest accruing before the modification;

(2) May provide appropriate relief for violations of its order which occurred before the effective date of the modification; and

(3) Shall recognize the modifying order of the other state, upon registration, for the purpose of enforcement.

(4) (Deleted by amendment, L. 2003, p. 1261, § 41, effective July 1, 2004.)
C.R.S. § 14-5-706 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 5 / Part 7 / Section 14-5-706
14-5-706. Registration of Convention support order
Status: in_force

14-5-706. Registration of Convention support order. (a) Except as otherwise provided in this part 7, a party who is an individual or that is a support enforcement agency seeking recognition of a Convention support order shall register the order in this state as provided in part 6 of this article.

(b) Notwithstanding sections 14-5-311 and 14-5-602 (a), a request for registration of a Convention support order must be accompanied by:

(1) A complete text of the support order or an abstract or extract of the support order drawn up by the issuing foreign tribunal, which may be in the form recommended by The Hague Conference on Private International Law;

(2) A record stating that the support order is enforceable in the issuing country;

(3) If the respondent did not appear and was not represented in the proceedings in the issuing country, a record attesting, as appropriate, either that the respondent had proper notice of the proceedings and an opportunity to be heard or that the respondent had proper notice of the support order and an opportunity to be heard in a challenge or appeal on fact or law before a tribunal;

(4) A record showing the amount of arrears, if any, and the date the amount was calculated;

(5) A record showing a requirement for automatic adjustment of the amount of support, if any, and the information necessary to make the appropriate calculations; and

(6) If necessary, a record showing the extent to which the applicant received free legal assistance in the issuing country.

(c) A request for registration of a Convention support order may seek recognition and partial enforcement of the order.

(d) A tribunal of this state may vacate the registration of a Convention support order without the filing of a contest under section 14-5-707 only if, acting on its own motion, the tribunal finds that recognition and enforcement of the order would be manifestly incompatible with public policy.

(e) The tribunal shall promptly notify the parties of the registration or the order vacating the registration of a Convention support order.
C.R.S. § 14-13.7-306 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 13.7 / Part 3 / Section 14-13.7-306
14-13.7-306. Grant of caretaking or decision-making authority to nonparent
Status: in_force

14-13.7-306. Grant of caretaking or decision-making authority to nonparent. (1) On motion of a deploying parent and in accordance with law of this state other than this article, if it is in the best interest of the child, a court may grant caretaking authority to a nonparent who is an adult family member of the child or an adult with whom the child has a close and substantial relationship.

(2) Unless a grant of caretaking authority to a nonparent under subsection (1) of this section is agreed to by the other parent, the grant is limited to an amount of time not greater than:

(a) The amount of time granted to the deploying parent under a permanent custody order, but the court may add unusual travel time necessary to transport the child; or

(b) In the absence of a permanent custody order that is currently in effect, the amount of time that the deploying parent habitually cared for the child before being notified of deployment, but the court may add unusual travel time necessary to transport the child.

(3) If a court finds that it is in the best interests of the child, the court may grant part of a deploying parent's decision-making authority, if the deploying parent is unable to exercise that authority, to a nonparent who is an adult family member of the child or an adult with whom the child has a close and substantial relationship. If a court grants the authority to a nonparent, the court shall specify the decision-making powers granted, including decisions regarding the child's education, religious training, health care, extracurricular activities, and travel.
C.R.S. § 14-2-308 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 2 / Part 3 / Section 14-2-308
14-2-308. Void marriage
Status: in_force

14-2-308. Void marriage. If a marriage is determined to be void, a premarital agreement or marital agreement is enforceable to the extent necessary to avoid an inequitable result.
C.R.S. § 14-6-109 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 6 / Section 14-6-109
14-6-109. Forfeiture of bond - disposition of fines
Status: in_force

14-6-109. Forfeiture of bond - disposition of fines. (1) In accordance with the laws of this state, bond shall be set by the court. Pursuant to subsection (2) of this section, where the defendant has been released upon deposit of cash, stocks, or bonds, or upon surety bond secured by property, if the defendant fails to appear in accordance with the primary condition of the bond, the court shall declare a forfeiture. Notice of the order of forfeiture shall be mailed immediately by the court to the defendant and sureties, if any, at last-known address. If the defendant does not appear and surrender to the court having jurisdiction within thirty days from the date of the forfeiture, or within that period satisfy the court that appearance and surrender by the defendant is impossible and without the defendant's fault, the court shall enter judgment against the defendant and the sureties, if any, for the amount of the bail and costs of the court proceedings.

(2) Any moneys collected or paid upon any such execution or in any case upon said bond shall be turned over to the clerk of the court in which the bond is given to be applied to the child support obligation, including where the obligation is assigned to the department of human services pursuant to section 26-2-111 (3), C.R.S.
C.R.S. § 14-5-712 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 5 / Part 7 / Section 14-5-712
14-5-712. Personal information - limit on use
Status: in_force

14-5-712. Personal information - limit on use. Personal information gathered or transmitted under this part 7 may be used only for the purposes for which it was gathered or transmitted.
C.R.S. § 14-5-613 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 5 / Part 6 / Section 14-5-613
14-5-613. Jurisdiction to modify child support order of another state when individual part
Status: in_force

14-5-613. Jurisdiction to modify child support order of another state when individual parties reside in this state. (a) If all of the parties who are individuals reside in this state and the child does not reside in the issuing state, a tribunal of this state has jurisdiction to enforce and to modify the issuing state's child support order in a proceeding to register that order.

(b) A tribunal of this state exercising jurisdiction under this section shall apply the provisions of parts 1 and 2 of this article, this part 6, and the procedural and substantive law of this state to the proceeding for enforcement or modification. Parts 3, 4, 5, 7, and 8 of this article do not apply.
C.R.S. § 14-15-111 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 15 / Section 14-15-111
14-15-111. When civil union licenses issued - validity
Status: in_force

14-15-111. When civil union licenses issued - validity. The county clerk and recorder shall issue a civil union license only during the hours that the office of the county clerk and recorder is open as prescribed by law and at no other time and shall show the exact date and hour of the license's issue. A civil union license is not valid for use outside the state of Colorado. Within the state, a civil union license is not valid for more than thirty-five days after the date of issue. If a civil union license is not used within thirty-five days, it is void, and one of the parties shall return the civil union license to the county clerk and recorder that issued the license for cancellation.
C.R.S. § 14-13.7-303 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 13.7 / Part 3 / Section 14-13.7-303
14-13.7-303. Expedited hearing
Status: in_force

14-13.7-303. Expedited hearing. If a motion to grant custodial responsibility is filed under section 14-13.7-302 (2) before a deploying parent deploys, the court shall conduct an expedited hearing.
C.R.S. § 14-2-104 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 2 / Part 1 / Section 14-2-104
14-2-104. Formalities
Status: in_force

14-2-104. Formalities. (1) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (3) of this section, a marriage is valid in this state if:

(a) It is licensed, solemnized, and registered as provided in this part 1; and

(b) It is only between one man and one woman.

(2) Notwithstanding the provisions of section 14-2-112, any marriage contracted within or outside this state that does not satisfy paragraph (b) of subsection (1) of this section shall not be recognized as valid in this state.

(3) Nothing in this section shall be deemed to repeal or render invalid any otherwise valid common law marriage between one man and one woman:

(a) Entered into prior to September 1, 2006; or

(b) Entered into on or after September 1, 2006, that complies with section 14-2-109.5.
C.R.S. § 14-10-101 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 10 / Section 14-10-101
14-10-101. Short title
Status: in_force

14-10-101. Short title. This article shall be known and may be cited as the "Uniform Dissolution of Marriage Act".
C.R.S. § 14-5-205 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 5 / Part 2 / Section 14-5-205
14-5-205. Continuing, exclusive jurisdiction to modify child support order
Status: in_force

14-5-205. Continuing, exclusive jurisdiction to modify child support order. (a) A tribunal of this state that has issued a child support order consistent with the law of this state has and shall exercise continuing, exclusive jurisdiction to modify its child support order if the order is the controlling order and:

(1) At the time of the filing of a request for modification, this state is the residence of the obligor, the individual obligee, or the child for whose benefit the support order is issued; or

(2) Even if this state is not the residence of the obligor, the individual obligee, or the child for whose benefit the support order is issued, the parties consent in a record or in open court that the tribunal of this state may continue to exercise jurisdiction to modify its order.

(b) A tribunal of this state that has issued a child support order consistent with the law of this state may not exercise continuing, exclusive jurisdiction to modify the order if:

(1) All of the parties who are individuals file consent in a record with the tribunal of this state that a tribunal of another state that has jurisdiction over at least one of the parties who is an individual or that is located in the state of residence of the child may modify the order and assume continuing, exclusive jurisdiction; or

(2) Its order is not the controlling order.

(c) If a tribunal of another state has issued a child support order pursuant to the "Uniform Interstate Family Support Act", or a law substantially similar to that act, which modifies a child support order of a tribunal of this state, tribunals of this state shall recognize the continuing, exclusive jurisdiction of the tribunal of the other state.

(d) A tribunal of this state that lacks continuing, exclusive jurisdiction to modify a child support order may serve as an initiating tribunal to request a tribunal of another state to modify a support order issued in that state.

(e) A temporary support order issued ex parte or pending resolution of a jurisdictional conflict does not create continuing, exclusive jurisdiction in the issuing tribunal.

(f) (Deleted by amendment, L. 2003, p. 1245, § 5, effective July 1, 2004.)
C.R.S. § 14-5-801 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 5 / Part 8 / Section 14-5-801
14-5-801. Grounds for rendition
Status: in_force

14-5-801. Grounds for rendition. (a) For purposes of this part 8, "governor" includes an individual performing the functions of governor or the executive authority of a state covered by this article.

(b) The governor of this state may:

(1) Demand that the governor of another state surrender an individual found in the other state who is charged criminally in this state with having failed to provide for the support of an obligee; or

(2) On the demand of the governor of another state, surrender an individual found in this state who is charged criminally in the other state with having failed to provide for the support of an obligee.

(c) A provision for extradition of individuals not inconsistent with this article applies to the demand even if the individual whose surrender is demanded was not in the demanding state when the crime was allegedly committed and has not fled therefrom.
C.R.S. § 14-5-105 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 5 / Part 1 / Section 14-5-105
14-5-105. Application of article to resident of foreign country and foreign support procee
Status: in_force

14-5-105. Application of article to resident of foreign country and foreign support proceeding. (a) A tribunal of this state shall apply parts 1 through 6 of this article and, as applicable, part 7 of this article, to a support proceeding involving:

(1) A foreign support order;

(2) A foreign tribunal; or

(3) An obligee, obligor, or child residing in a foreign country.

(b) A tribunal of this state that is requested to recognize and enforce a support order on the basis of comity may apply the procedural and substantive provisions of parts 1 through 6.

(c) Part 7 of this article applies only to a support proceeding under the Convention. In such a proceeding, if a provision of part 7 of this article is inconsistent with parts 1 through 6 of this article, part 7 of this article controls.
C.R.S. § 14-5-318 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 5 / Part 3 / Section 14-5-318
14-5-318. Assistance with discovery
Status: in_force

14-5-318. Assistance with discovery. A tribunal of this state may:

(1) Request a tribunal outside this state to assist in obtaining discovery; and

(2) Upon request, compel a person over which it has jurisdiction to respond to a discovery order issued by a tribunal outside this state.
C.R.S. § 14-13.7-402 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 13.7 / Part 4 / Section 14-13.7-402
14-13.7-402. Consent procedure for terminating interim grant of custodial responsibility esta
Status: in_force

14-13.7-402. Consent procedure for terminating interim grant of custodial responsibility established by court order. At any time after a deploying parent returns from deployment, the deploying parent and the other parent may file with the court an agreement to terminate an interim order for custodial responsibility issued under part 3 of this article. After an agreement has been filed, the court shall issue an order terminating the interim order effective on the date specified in the agreement. If a date is not specified, the order is effective immediately.
C.R.S. § 14-13-201 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 13 / Part 2 / Section 14-13-201
14-13-201. Initial child-custody jurisdiction
Status: in_force

14-13-201. Initial child-custody jurisdiction. (1) Except as otherwise provided in section 14-13-204, a court of this state has jurisdiction to make an initial child-custody determination only if:

(a) This state is the home state of the child on the date of the commencement of the proceeding, or was the home state of the child within one hundred eighty-two days before the commencement of the proceeding and the child is absent from this state but a parent or person acting as a parent continues to live in this state;

(b) A court of another state does not have jurisdiction under a provision of law adopted by that state that is in substantial conformity with paragraph (a) of this subsection (1), or a court of the home state of the child has declined to exercise jurisdiction on the ground that this state is the more appropriate forum under a provision of law adopted by that state that is in substantial conformity with section 14-13-207 or 14-13-208, and:

(I) The child and the child's parents, or the child and at least one parent or a person acting as a parent, have a significant connection with this state other than mere physical presence; and

(II) Substantial evidence is available in this state concerning the child's care, protection, training, and personal relationships;

(c) All courts having jurisdiction under a provision of law adopted by that state that is in substantial conformity with paragraph (a) or (b) of this subsection (1) have declined to exercise jurisdiction on the ground that a court of this state is the more appropriate forum to determine the custody of the child under a provision of law adopted by that state that is in substantial conformity with section 14-13-207 or 14-13-208; or

(d) No court of any other state would have jurisdiction under the criteria specified in a provision of law adopted by that state that is in substantial conformity with paragraph (a), (b), or (c) of this subsection (1).

(2) Subsection (1) of this section is the exclusive jurisdictional basis for making a child-custody determination by a court of this state.

(3) Physical presence of, or personal jurisdiction over, a party or a child is not necessary or sufficient to make a child-custody determination.
C.R.S. § 14-10-124.5 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 10 / Section 14-10-124.5
14-10-124.5. Disputes concerning grandparent or great-grandparent family time
Status: in_force

14-10-124.5. Disputes concerning grandparent or great-grandparent family time. (1) Upon a verified motion by a grandparent or great-grandparent who has been granted grandparent or great-grandparent family time or upon the court's own motion alleging that the person with legal custody or parental responsibilities of the child as determined by a court pursuant to this article 10 with whom grandparent family time has been granted is not complying with a grandparent or great-grandparent family time order or schedule, the court shall determine from the verified motion, and response to the motion, if any, whether there has been or is likely to be a substantial and continuing noncompliance with the grandparent or great-grandparent family time order or schedule and either:

(a) Deny the motion, if there is an inadequate allegation; or

(b) Set the matter for hearing with notice to the grandparent or great-grandparent and the person with legal custody or parental responsibilities of the child as determined by the court of the time and place of the hearing; or

(c) Require said parties to seek mediation and report back to the court on the results of the mediation within sixty days. Mediation services must be provided in accordance with section 13-22-305. At the end of the mediation period, the court may approve an agreement reached by the parties or shall set the matter for hearing.

(2) After the hearing, if a court finds that the person with legal custody or parental responsibilities of the child as determined by the court has not complied with the grandparent or great-grandparent family time order or schedule and has violated the court order, the court, in the best interests of the child, may issue orders that may include but need not be limited to:

(a) Imposing additional terms and conditions that are consistent with the court's previous order;

(b) Modifying the previous order to meet the best interests of the child;

(c) Requiring the violator to post bond or security to ensure future compliance;

(d) Requiring that makeup grandparent or great-grandparent family time be provided for the aggrieved grandparent or great-grandparent and child under the following conditions:

(I) That such grandparent or great-grandparent family time is of the same type and duration of grandparent or great-grandparent family time as that which was denied, including but not limited to grandparent or great-grandparent family time during weekends, on holidays, and on weekdays and during the summer;

(II) That such grandparent or great-grandparent family time is made up within one year after the noncompliance occurs; or

(III) That such grandparent or great-grandparent family time is in the manner chosen by the aggrieved grandparent or great-grandparent if it is in the best interests of the child;

(e) Finding the person who did not comply with the grandparent or great-grandparent family time schedule in contempt of court and imposing a fine or jail sentence; and

(f) Awarding to the aggrieved party, when appropriate, actual expenses, including attorney fees, court costs, and expenses incurred by a grandparent or great-grandparent because of the other person's failure to provide or exercise court-ordered grandparent or great-grandparent family time. Nothing in this section precludes a party's right to a separate and independent legal action in tort.

(3) As used in this section, unless the context otherwise requires:

(a) "Grandparent" has the same meaning as set forth in section 14-10-124.4.

(b) "Great-grandparent" has the same meaning as set forth in section 14-10-124.4.

(c) "Grandparent or great-grandparent family time" or "grandparent family time" has the same meaning as set forth in section 14-10-124.4.
C.R.S. § 14-13.7-310 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 13.7 / Part 3 / Section 14-13.7-310
14-13.7-310. Order for child support
Status: in_force

14-13.7-310. Order for child support. If a court has issued an order granting caretaking authority under this part 3, or an agreement granting caretaking authority has been executed under part 2 of this article, the court may enter an interim order for child support consistent with law of this state other than this article if the court has jurisdiction under the "Uniform Interstate Family Support Act", article 5 of this title.
C.R.S. § 14-10-123.6 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 10 / Section 14-10-123.6
14-10-123.6. Required notice of prior restraining orders to prevent domestic abuse - proceedi
Status: in_force

14-10-123.6. Required notice of prior restraining orders to prevent domestic abuse - proceedings concerning parental responsibilities relating to a child - resources for family services. (1) The general assembly hereby finds, determines, and declares that domestic violence is a pervasive problem in society and that a significant portion of domestic violence in society occurs in or near the home. The general assembly further recognizes research demonstrating that children in a home where domestic violence occurs are at greater risk of emotional, psychological, and physical harm. Studies have found that eighty to ninety percent of the children living in homes with domestic violence are aware of the violence. The general assembly finds that emerging research has established that these children are at greater risk of the following: Psychological, social, and behavioral problems; higher rates of academic problems; more physical illnesses, particularly stress-associated disorders; and a greater propensity to exhibit aggressive and violent behavior, sometimes carrying violent and violence-tolerant roles to their adult relationships. Studies have also noted that children are affected to varying degrees by witnessing violence in the home, and each child should be assessed on an independent basis. Accordingly, the general assembly determines that it is in the best interests of the children of the state of Colorado for the courts to advise the parents or guardians of children affected by domestic violence about the availability of resources and services and for such persons to be provided with information concerning the resources and services available to aid in the positive development of their children. It is the intent of the general assembly that such information would increase the awareness of the possible effects of domestic violence on children in the home, while providing the parents and legal guardians of these children with a comprehensive resource of available children's services as well as potential financial resources to assist parents and legal guardians seeking to retain services for their children affected by domestic violence.

(2) When filing a proceeding concerning the allocation of parental responsibilities relating to a child pursuant to this article, the filing party shall have a duty to disclose to the court the existence of any prior temporary or permanent restraining orders to prevent domestic abuse issued pursuant to article 14 of title 13, C.R.S., and any emergency protection orders issued pursuant to section 13-14-103, C.R.S., entered against either party by any court within two years prior to the filing of the proceeding. The disclosure required pursuant to this section shall address the subject matter of the previous restraining orders or emergency protection orders, including the case number and jurisdiction issuing such orders.

(3) After the filing of the petition, the court shall advise the parties concerning domestic violence services and potential financial resources that may be available and shall strongly encourage the parties to obtain such services for their children, in appropriate cases. If the parties' children participate in such services, the court shall apportion the costs of such services between the parties as it deems appropriate.

(4) The parties to a domestic relations petition filed pursuant to this article shall receive information concerning domestic violence services and potential financial resources that may be available.
C.R.S. § 14-13-106 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 13 / Part 1 / Section 14-13-106
14-13-106. Priority
Status: in_force

14-13-106. Priority. If a question of existence or exercise of jurisdiction under this article is raised in a child-custody proceeding, the question, upon request of a party, must be given priority on the calendar and handled expeditiously.
C.R.S. § 14-5-307 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 5 / Part 3 / Section 14-5-307
14-5-307. Duties of support enforcement agency
Status: in_force

14-5-307. Duties of support enforcement agency. (a) A support enforcement agency of this state, upon request, shall provide services to a petitioner in a proceeding under this article.

(b) A support enforcement agency of this state that is providing services to the petitioner shall:

(1) Take all steps necessary to enable an appropriate tribunal of this state, another state, or a foreign country to obtain jurisdiction over the respondent;

(2) Request an appropriate tribunal to set a date, time, and place for a hearing;

(3) Make a reasonable effort to obtain all relevant information, including information as to income and property of the parties;

(4) Within two days, exclusive of Saturdays, Sundays, and legal holidays, after receipt of notice in a record from an initiating, responding, or registering tribunal, send a copy of the notice to the petitioner;

(5) Within two days, exclusive of Saturdays, Sundays, and legal holidays, after receipt of communication in a record from the respondent or the respondent's attorney, send a copy of the communication to the petitioner; and

(6) Notify the petitioner if jurisdiction over the respondent cannot be obtained.

(c) A support enforcement agency of this state that requests registration of a child support order in this state for enforcement or for modification shall make reasonable efforts:

(1) To ensure that the order to be registered is the controlling order; or

(2) If two or more child support orders exist and the identity of the controlling order has not been determined, to ensure that a request for such a determination is made in a tribunal having jurisdiction to do so.

(d) A support enforcement agency of this state that requests registration and enforcement of a support order, arrears, or judgment stated in a foreign currency shall convert the amounts stated in the foreign currency into the equivalent amounts in dollars under the applicable official or market exchange rate as publicly reported.

(e) A support enforcement agency of this state shall issue or request a tribunal of this state to issue a child support order and an income-withholding order that redirect payment of current support, arrears, and interest if requested to do so by a support enforcement agency of another state pursuant to section 14-5-319.

(f) This article does not create or negate a relationship of attorney and client or other fiduciary relationship between a support enforcement agency or the attorney for the agency and the individual being assisted by the agency.
C.R.S. § 14-2-106.5 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 2 / Part 1 / Section 14-2-106.5
14-2-106.5. License to marry without appearing in person
Status: repealed

14-2-106.5. License to marry without appearing in person. (1) A county clerk and recorder may permit the parties to a prospective marriage to satisfy the requirement to appear before the county clerk and recorder by an interactive audiovisual communication technology or online functionality, for the following limited purposes:

(a) To verify application information;

(b) To present satisfactory proof that each party to the marriage will have attained the age of eighteen years at the time the marriage license becomes effective;

(c) To present satisfactory proof that the marriage is not prohibited; or

(d) To pay required fees.

(2) A county clerk and recorder shall not permit the procedure described in subsection (1) of this section if either of the parties are under eighteen years of age, or if the parties are using interactive audiovisual technology and are unable to appear together. Nothing in this section changes any requirement that must be satisfied in the state of Colorado.

(3) A county clerk and recorder who permits the parties to a prospective marriage to satisfy certain requirements without appearing in person and staff members who carry out duties on behalf of the county clerk and recorder pursuant to this section shall complete the training and curricula developed by the human trafficking council created in section 18-3-505 for persons who work in or who frequent places where human trafficking victims are likely to appear. The training and curricula must be completed prior to permitting parties to a prospective marriage to satisfy certain requirements without appearing in person pursuant to this section; except that if a county clerk and recorder permits the parties to a prospective marriage to satisfy certain requirements without appearing in person on and before June 18, 2021, the training and curricula must be completed no later than thirty days after June 18, 2021. A county clerk and recorder who permits the parties to a prospective marriage to satisfy certain requirements without appearing in person shall maintain records demonstrating compliance with this subsection (3) and shall display a notice of compliance with this subsection (3) in a place that is accessible to the public in the county clerk and recorder's office and on its website. A county clerk and recorder and staff members who carry out duties of the county clerk and recorder shall complete the training and curricula requirements pursuant to this subsection (3) at least once every year for as long as the county clerk and recorder permits the parties to a prospective marriage to satisfy certain requirements without appearing in person pursuant to this section.

(4) Repealed.
C.R.S. § 14-2-205 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 2 / Part 2 / Section 14-2-205
14-2-205. Married person's land subject to judgment
Status: in_force

14-2-205. Married person's land subject to judgment. When a person against whom liability exists marries and has or acquires lands, judgment on such liability may be rendered against him or her and his or her husband or wife jointly, to be levied on such lands only.
C.R.S. § 14-13-206 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 13 / Part 2 / Section 14-13-206
14-13-206. Simultaneous proceedings
Status: in_force

14-13-206. Simultaneous proceedings. (1) Except as otherwise provided in section 14-13-204, a court of this state may not exercise its jurisdiction under this part 2 if, at the time of the commencement of the proceeding, a proceeding concerning the custody of the child has been commenced in a court of another state having jurisdiction substantially in conformity with this article, unless the proceeding has been terminated or is stayed by the court of the other state because a court of this state is a more convenient forum under a provision of law adopted by that state that is in substantial conformity with section 14-13-207.

(2) Except as otherwise provided in section 14-13-204, a court of this state, before hearing a child-custody proceeding, shall examine the court documents and other information supplied by the parties pursuant to section 14-13-209. If the court determines that a child-custody proceeding has been commenced in a court in another state having jurisdiction substantially in accordance with a provision of law adopted by that state that is in substantial conformity with this article, the court of this state shall stay its proceeding and communicate with the court of the other state. If the court of the state having jurisdiction substantially in accordance with this article does not determine that the court of this state is a more appropriate forum, the court of this state shall dismiss the proceeding.

(3) In a proceeding to modify a child-custody determination, a court of this state shall determine whether a proceeding to enforce the determination has been commenced in another state. If a proceeding to enforce a child-custody determination has been commenced in another state, the court of this state may:

(a) Stay the proceeding for modification pending the entry of an order of a court of the other state enforcing, staying, denying, or dismissing the proceeding for enforcement;

(b) Enjoin the parties from continuing with the proceeding for enforcement; or

(c) Proceed with the modification under conditions it considers appropriate.
C.R.S. § 14-5-203 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 5 / Part 2 / Section 14-5-203
14-5-203. Initiating and responding tribunals of this state
Status: in_force

14-5-203. Initiating and responding tribunals of this state. Under this article, a tribunal of this state may serve as an initiating tribunal to forward proceedings to a tribunal of another state, and as a responding tribunal for proceedings initiated in another state or a foreign country.
C.R.S. § 14-13-110 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 13 / Part 1 / Section 14-13-110
14-13-110. Communication between courts
Status: in_force

14-13-110. Communication between courts. (1) A court of this state may communicate with a court in another state concerning a proceeding arising under this article.

(2) The court may allow the parties to participate in the communication. If the parties are not able to participate in the communication, they must be given the opportunity to present facts and legal arguments before a decision on jurisdiction is made.

(3) Communication between courts on schedules, calendars, court records, and similar matters may occur without informing the parties. A record need not be made of the communication.

(4) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (3) of this section, a record must be made of a communication under this section. The parties must be informed promptly of the communication and granted access to the record.

(5) For the purposes of this section, "record" means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form.
C.R.S. § 14-13-208 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 13 / Part 2 / Section 14-13-208
14-13-208. Jurisdiction declined by reason of conduct
Status: in_force

14-13-208. Jurisdiction declined by reason of conduct. (1) Except as otherwise provided in section 14-13-204, or by other law of this state, if a person seeking to invoke the jurisdiction of a court of this state under this article has engaged in unjustifiable conduct, the court shall decline to exercise its jurisdiction unless:

(a) The parents and all persons acting as parents have acquiesced in the exercise of jurisdiction;

(b) A court of the state otherwise having jurisdiction under a provision of law adopted by that state that is in substantial conformity with sections 14-13-201 to 14-13-203 determines that this state is a more appropriate forum under a provision of law adopted by that state that is in substantial conformity with section 14-13-207; or

(c) No court of any other state would have jurisdiction under the criteria specified in a provision of law adopted by that state that is in substantial conformity with sections 14-13-201 to 14-13-203.

(2) If a court of this state declines to exercise its jurisdiction pursuant to subsection (1) of this section, it may fashion an appropriate remedy to ensure the safety of the child and prevent a repetition of the unjustifiable conduct, including staying the proceeding until a child-custody proceeding is commenced in a court having jurisdiction under a provision of law adopted by that state that is in substantial conformity with sections 14-13-201 to 14-13-203.

(3) If a court dismisses a petition or stays a proceeding because it declines to exercise its jurisdiction pursuant to subsection (1) of this section, it shall assess against the party seeking to invoke its jurisdiction necessary and reasonable expenses including costs, communication expenses, attorney fees, investigative fees, expenses for witnesses, travel expenses, and child care during the course of the proceedings, unless the party from whom fees are sought establishes that the assessment would be clearly inappropriate. The court may not assess fees, costs, or expenses against this state unless authorized by law other than this article.
C.R.S. § 14-5-503 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 5 / Part 5 / Section 14-5-503
14-5-503. Employer's compliance with two or more income-withholding orders
Status: in_force

14-5-503. Employer's compliance with two or more income-withholding orders. If an obligor's employer receives two or more income-withholding orders with respect to the earnings of the same obligor, the employer satisfies the terms of the orders if the employer complies with the law of the state of the obligor's principal place of employment to establish the priorities for withholding and allocating income withheld for two or more child support obligees.
C.R.S. § 14-1-101 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 1 / Section 14-1-101
14-1-101. Adoption of adults
Status: in_force

14-1-101. Adoption of adults. (1) Any person desiring to adopt an adult as heir at law shall file his petition therefor in the juvenile court of the county of his residence or the county of the residence of the person sought to be adopted, and thereupon summons shall issue the same as provided in the Colorado rules of civil procedure and be served on the person sought to be adopted. Such person shall file in the court a written answer to the petition within the time required by the summons and shall either consent to such adoption or deny or disclaim all desire to be adopted by such person.

(2) Upon the filing, by the person sought to be adopted, of a disclaimer of all desire to become the heir at law of the petitioner, the petition shall be dismissed by the court, but upon the filing of a consent to such adoption, whether by the person sought to be adopted or by a legally qualified conservator or other representative if such person is non compos mentis at the time, the prayer of the petition shall be granted, and a decree of adoption shall be rendered and entered by the court declaring such person the heir at law of the petitioner and entitled to inherit from the petitioner any property in all respects as if such adopted person had been the petitioner's child born in lawful wedlock, and such decree may or may not change the name of such adopted person, as the court rendering the decree may deem advisable; and such decree or a certified copy thereof may be used as primary evidence in any court establishing the status of the person so adopted.

(3) Any action for adoption pursuant to this section shall follow the same procedure insofar as practicable as provided in part 2 of article 5 of title 19, C.R.S., concerning the adoption of children.
C.R.S. § 14-14-101 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 14 / Section 14-14-101
14-14-101. Short title
Status: in_force

14-14-101. Short title. This article shall be known and may be cited as the "Colorado Child Support Enforcement Procedures Act".
C.R.S. § 14-15-110.5 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 15 / Section 14-15-110.5
14-15-110.5. Civil union license and certificate without appearing in person
Status: repealed

14-15-110.5. Civil union license and certificate without appearing in person. (1) A county clerk and recorder may permit the parties to a proposed civil union to satisfy the requirement to appear before the county clerk and recorder by an interactive audiovisual communication technology or online functionality, for the following limited purposes:

(a) To verify application information;

(b) To present satisfactory proof, as required, that each party to the civil union meets the criteria to enter into a civil union;

(c) To present satisfactory proof that the civil union is not prohibited; or

(d) To pay required fees.

(2) A county clerk and recorder shall not permit the procedure described in subsection (1) of this section if either of the parties are under eighteen years of age, or if the parties are using interactive audiovisual technology and are unable to appear together. Nothing in this section changes any requirement that must be satisfied in the state of Colorado.

(3) A county clerk and recorder who permits the parties to a proposed civil union to satisfy certain requirements without appearing in person and staff members who carry out duties on behalf of the county clerk and recorder pursuant to this section shall complete the training and curricula developed by the human trafficking council created in section 18-3-505 for persons who work in or who frequent places where human trafficking victims are likely to appear. The training and curricula must be completed prior to permitting parties to a proposed civil union to satisfy certain requirements without appearing in person pursuant to this section; except that if a county clerk and recorder permits the parties to a proposed civil union to satisfy certain requirements without appearing in person on and before June 18, 2021, the training and curricula must be completed no later than thirty days after June 18, 2021. A county clerk and recorder who permits the parties to a proposed civil union to satisfy certain requirements without appearing in person shall maintain records demonstrating compliance with this subsection (3) and shall display a notice of compliance with this subsection (3) in a place that is accessible to the public in the county clerk and recorder's office and on its website. A county clerk and recorder and staff members who carry out duties of the county clerk and recorder shall complete the training and curricula requirements pursuant to this subsection (3) at least once every year for as long as the county clerk and recorder permits the parties to a proposed civil union to satisfy certain requirements without appearing in person pursuant to this section.

(4) Repealed.
C.R.S. § 14-5-202 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 5 / Part 2 / Section 14-5-202
14-5-202. Duration of personal jurisdiction
Status: in_force

14-5-202. Duration of personal jurisdiction. Personal jurisdiction acquired by a tribunal of this state in a proceeding under this article or other law of this state relating to a support order continues as long as a tribunal of this state has continuing, exclusive jurisdiction to modify its order or continuing jurisdiction to enforce its order as provided by sections 14-5-205, 14-5-206, and 14-5-211.
C.R.S. § 14-13-104 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 13 / Part 1 / Section 14-13-104
14-13-104. International application of article
Status: in_force

14-13-104. International application of article. (1) A court of this state shall treat a foreign country as if it were a state of the United States for the purpose of applying this part 1 and part 2 of this article.

(2) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (3) of this section, a child-custody determination made in a foreign country under factual circumstances in substantial conformity with the jurisdictional standards of this article must be recognized and enforced under part 3 of this article.

(3) A court of this state need not apply this article if the child-custody law of a foreign country violates fundamental principles of human rights.
C.R.S. § 14-13.7-305 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 13.7 / Part 3 / Section 14-13.7-305
14-13.7-305. Effect of prior judicial order or agreement
Status: in_force

14-13.7-305. Effect of prior judicial order or agreement. (1) In a proceeding for a grant of custodial responsibility pursuant to this part 3, the following rules apply:

(a) A prior judicial order designating custodial responsibility in the event of deployment is binding on the court unless the circumstances meet the requirements of law of this state other than this article for modifying a judicial order regarding custodial responsibility;

(b) The court shall enforce a prior written agreement between the parents for designating custodial responsibility in the event of deployment, including an agreement executed under part 2 of this article, unless the court finds that the agreement is not in the best interest of the child.
C.R.S. § 14-13.7-302 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 13.7 / Part 3 / Section 14-13.7-302
14-13.7-302. Proceeding for interim custody order
Status: in_force

14-13.7-302. Proceeding for interim custody order. (1) After a deploying parent receives notice of deployment and until the deployment terminates, a court may issue an interim order, consistent with the best interests of the child, granting custodial responsibility, unless prohibited by the "Servicemembers Civil Relief Act", 50 U.S.C. appendix sections 521 and 522. A court may not issue a permanent order granting custodial responsibility without the consent of the deploying parent.

(2) At any time after a deploying parent receives notice of deployment, either parent may file a motion regarding custodial responsibility of a child during deployment. The motion must be filed in a pending proceeding for custodial responsibility in a court with jurisdiction under section 14-13.7-104 or, if there is no pending proceeding in a court with jurisdiction under section 14-13.7-104, in a new action for granting custodial responsibility during deployment.
C.R.S. § 14-10-119 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 10 / Section 14-10-119
14-10-119. Attorney and licensed legal paraprofessional fees
Status: in_force

14-10-119. Attorney and licensed legal paraprofessional fees. The court from time to time, after considering the financial resources of both parties, may order a party to pay a reasonable amount for the cost to the other party of maintaining or defending any proceeding pursuant to this article 10 and for attorney fees or licensed legal paraprofessional fees, including sums for legal services rendered and costs incurred prior to the commencement of the proceeding or after entry of judgment. The court may order that the amount be paid directly to the attorney or the licensed legal paraprofessional, who may enforce the order in the attorney's or the licensed legal paraprofessional's name.
C.R.S. § 14-14-111 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 14 / Section 14-14-111
14-14-111. Immediate deductions for family support obligations - legislative declaration -
Status: repealed

14-14-111. Immediate deductions for family support obligations - legislative declaration - procedures - applicability. (Repealed)
C.R.S. § 14-14-112 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 14 / Section 14-14-112
14-14-112. Deductions for health insurance
Status: in_force

14-14-112. Deductions for health insurance. (1) In all orders which direct the obligor to provide health insurance for any child, the court or delegate child support enforcement unit shall include a provision directing the obligor's employer to enroll such child and the obligor, if enrollment of the obligor is a requirement of the plan, in the health insurance plan and to deduct from the wages due the obligor an amount sufficient to provide for premiums for health insurance when such insurance is offered by the employer, including any employer subject to the provisions of section 607 (1) of the federal "Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974", as amended. For all orders entered prior to August 1, 1992, which direct the obligor to provide health insurance for any child, the obligee or the obligee's representative shall send a copy of the notice of the deduction for health insurance, by first-class mail, to the obligor concurrent with mailing of the notice to the obligor's employer pursuant to subsection (2) of this section. The court or the delegate child support enforcement unit shall direct the obligor to notify the court, or unit if the delegate child support enforcement unit is a party to the court action, in writing, of any change of address or employment within ten days after the change.

(1.5) Effective July 1, 2002, the delegate child support enforcement unit shall follow the procedure set forth in section 26-13-121.5, C.R.S., for the enforcement of orders for health insurance.

(2) The obligee or the obligee's representative shall mail notice of the deduction for health insurance to the obligor's employer. The notice of the deduction for health insurance must contain:

(a) The name, address, and social security number of the obligor;

(b) The name, birthdate, and social security number of any of the children to be covered by the health insurance;

(c) A statement that the employer shall enroll an obligor's child in the health insurance plan in which the obligor is enrolled if the child can be covered under that plan or, if the obligor is not enrolled, in the least costly plan otherwise available to the child, regardless of the marital status of the child's parents when he or she was born or whether the child is claimed as a dependent on the obligor's federal or state income tax return, lives with the obligor, or lives within the insurer's service area, notwithstanding any other provision of law restricting enrollment to persons who reside in an insurer's service area;

(d) A statement that the deduction for health insurance is to take effect no later than the first pay period after fourteen days from the date on which the notice is mailed to the employer or from the date on which the obligor submits an oral or written request to the employer, whichever occurs sooner, and that the deduction for health insurance is treated as a significant life change under open enrollment requirements;

(e) A statement that compliance with the notice to deduct for health insurance shall not subject the employer to liability to the obligor for wrongful withholding;

(f) A statement that noncompliance with the notice to deduct for health insurance may subject the employer to the liability and sanctions specified in subsection (5) of this section;

(g) A statement that the employer shall promptly notify the court, obligee, or delegate child support enforcement unit in writing within fourteen days after the obligor terminates employment and shall provide, if known, the name of the obligor's new employer;

(h) A statement that, as long as the obligor is employed by the employer, the notice to deduct for health insurance shall not be terminated or modified, except as follows:

(I) Upon written notice by the court, obligee, or delegate child support enforcement unit;

(II) Upon written verification, provided by the obligor to the employer, the employer determines that the child has been enrolled in a comparable health insurance plan that takes effect no later than the effective date on which the child is no longer enrolled under the plan offered by the obligor's employer; or

(III) Upon the employer's elimination of family health coverage for all employees;

(i) A statement that the employer may not discharge or refuse to hire or take disciplinary action against an employee because of the entry or service of a notice to deduct for health insurance issued and executed pursuant to this section and that such a violation may result in a finding of contempt of court;

(j) A statement that if the obligor or employer enrolls the dependents who are the subject of the order in health insurance coverage available through the employer, the employer shall send a copy of such enrollment to the location identified on the notice;

(k) A statement that when a child is no longer enrolled under a family health plan for the reasons described in subparagraphs (I) to (III) of paragraph (h) of this subsection (2), the employer within fourteen days after the termination of coverage shall send to the location described on the health insurance premium notice a written notice of cancellation of enrollment or a copy of the verification provided by the obligor to the employer that the child is enrolled in a comparable health plan;

(l) A statement that the obligor may file an objection to the notice of the deduction for health insurance with the court if the premium amount does not meet the definition of reasonable cost as provided in section 14-10-115 (10)(g). A premium amount that results in a child support order of fifty dollars or less or that is twenty percent or more of the obligor's gross income shall not be considered reasonable.

(2.5) If an obligor enrolls a child in a health insurance plan other than one provided through the obligor's employment, the obligee, the obligee's representative, or the delegate child support enforcement unit shall send, by first-class mail, a written notice to such health insurance provider with whom the obligor enrolls the child stating that:

(a) The obligor is under a court order to provide health insurance coverage for a child;

(b) The insurance provider shall notify the obligee, the obligee's representative, or the delegate child support enforcement unit of any cancellation of the coverage.

(3) No employer who complies with a notice to deduct for health insurance benefits pursuant to this section shall be liable to the obligor for wrongful withholding.

(4) No employer shall discharge or refuse to hire or take disciplinary action against an employee because of the entry or service of a notice to deduct for health insurance issued and executed pursuant to this section. Any person who violates this subsection (4) may be deemed by the court to be subject to contempt of court.

(5) An employer who wrongfully fails to deduct for health insurance in accordance with the provisions of this section may be held liable for an amount up to the accumulated amount of such premiums the employer or payer should have withheld from the obligor's wages.

(6) When an employer is served with a notice to deduct for health insurance pursuant to this section, and the obligor is no longer employed by the employer, the employer shall promptly notify the court in writing of the obligor's last-known address, social security number, and the name of the obligor's new employer, if known.

(7) If an employer discharges an employee in violation of the provisions of this section, the employee may, within ninety days, bring a civil action for the recovery of wages lost as a result of the violation and for an order requiring the reinstatement of the employee. Damages recoverable shall be lost wages not to exceed six weeks, costs, and reasonable attorney fees.

(8) A notice to deduct for health insurance issued and served pursuant to this section shall be continuing and shall remain in effect and be binding on any current or successor employer upon whom it is served until further notice by the court, obligee, obligee's representative, or delegate child support enforcement unit.

(9) The court, obligee, obligee's representative, or delegate child support enforcement unit shall promptly notify the employer, in writing, when a notice to deduct for health insurance is modified or terminated. A notice to deduct for health insurance shall be terminated when the court order requiring health insurance is terminated.

(10) Deductions for health insurance shall also be ordered by a delegate child support enforcement unit under the provisions of the "Colorado Administrative Procedure Act for the Establishment and Enforcement of Child Support", created in article 13.5 of title 26, C.R.S.
C.R.S. § 14-13.5-102 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 13.5 / Section 14-13.5-102
14-13.5-102. Definitions
Status: in_force

14-13.5-102. Definitions. In this article:

(1) "Abduction" means the wrongful removal or wrongful retention of a child.

(2) "Child" means an unemancipated individual who is less than 18 years of age.

(3) "Child-custody determination" means a judgment, decree, or other order of a court providing for the legal custody or physical custody of a child, allocating parental responsibilities with respect to a child, or providing for visitation or parenting time with respect to a child. The term includes a permanent, temporary, initial, and modification order. The term does not include an order relating to child support or other monetary obligation of an individual.

(4) "Child-custody proceeding" means a proceeding in which the legal custody or physical custody of a child, the allocation of parental responsibilities with respect to a child, or visitation or parenting time with respect to a child is at issue. The term includes a proceeding for divorce, dissolution of marriage, legal separation, neglect, abuse, dependency, guardianship, paternity, termination of parental rights, or protection from domestic violence or domestic abuse. The term does not include a proceeding involving juvenile delinquency or contractual emancipation.

(5) "Court" means an entity authorized under the law of a state to establish, enforce, or modify a child-custody determination.

(6) "Petition" includes a motion or its equivalent.

(7) "Record" means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form.

(8) "State" means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, or any territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. The term includes a federally recognized Indian tribe or nation.

(9) "Travel document" means records relating to a travel itinerary, including travel tickets, passes, reservations for transportation, or accommodations. The term does not include a passport or visa.

(10) "Wrongful removal" means the taking of a child that breaches rights of custody or orders concerning the allocation of parental responsibilities or breaches rights of visitation or parenting time given or recognized under the law of this state.

(11) "Wrongful retention" means the keeping or concealing of a child that breaches rights of custody or orders concerning the allocation of parental responsibilities or breaches rights of visitation or parenting time given or recognized under the law of this state.
C.R.S. § 14-13.7-501 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 13.7 / Part 5 / Section 14-13.7-501
14-13.7-501. Uniformity of application and construction
Status: in_force

14-13.7-501. Uniformity of application and construction. In applying and construing this uniform act, consideration may be given to the need to promote uniformity of the law with respect to its subject matter among states that enact it if it is consistent with the public policy of the state.
C.R.S. § 14-10-120 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 10 / Section 14-10-120
14-10-120. Decree
Status: in_force

14-10-120. Decree. (1) A decree of dissolution of marriage or of legal separation is final when entered, subject to the right of appeal. An appeal from the decree of dissolution that does not challenge the finding that the marriage is irretrievably broken does not delay the finality of that provision of the decree which dissolves the marriage beyond the time for appealing from that provision, so that either of the parties may remarry pending appeal.

(2) No earlier than one hundred eighty-two days after entry of a decree of legal separation, on motion of either party and proof that a notice has been mailed to the other party at his or her last-known address, the court shall convert the decree of legal separation to a decree of dissolution of marriage, and a copy thereof shall be mailed to both parties.

(3) The clerk of the court shall give notice of the entry of a decree of dissolution to the office of state registrar of vital statistics in the division of administration of the department of public health and environment, which office shall make this information available to the public upon request.

(4) No decree that may enter shall relieve a spouse from any obligation imposed by law as a result of the marriage for the support or maintenance of a spouse determined to be mentally incompetent by a court of competent jurisdiction prior to the decree, unless such spouse has sufficient property or means of support.

(5) Whenever child support has been ordered, the decree of dissolution, legal separation, declaration of invalidity, allocating parental responsibilities, or support shall contain an order for an income assignment pursuant to section 14-14-111.5.

(6) Notwithstanding the entry of a final decree of dissolution of marriage or of legal separation pursuant to this section, the district court may maintain jurisdiction to enter such temporary or permanent civil protection orders as may be provided by law upon request of any of the parties to the action for dissolution of marriage or legal separation, including, but not limited to, any protection order requested pursuant to section 14-10-108.
C.R.S. § 14-14-105 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 14 / Section 14-14-105
14-14-105. Continuing garnishment
Status: in_force

14-14-105. Continuing garnishment. (1) A writ of garnishment for the collection from earnings of judgments for arrearages for child support, for maintenance when combined with child support, for child support debts, or for maintenance shall be continuing; shall have priority over any garnishment, lien, or income assignment other than a writ previously served on the same garnishee pursuant to this subsection (1) or a wage assignment activated pursuant to section 14-14-107 or section 14-14-111, as those sections existed prior to July 1, 1996, or an income assignment activated pursuant to section 14-14-111.5; and shall require the garnishee to withhold, pursuant to section 13-54-104 (3), C.R.S., the portion of earnings subject to garnishment at each succeeding earnings disbursement interval until such judgment is satisfied or the garnishment is released by the court or in writing by the judgment creditor.

(2) No employer may discharge an employee solely for the reason that his earnings have been subjected to garnishment pursuant to this section. Any such discharge in violation of this subsection (2) shall subject the employer to liability for damages.
C.R.S. § 14-13.5-109 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 13.5 / Section 14-13.5-109
14-13.5-109. Warrant to take physical custody of child
Status: in_force

14-13.5-109. Warrant to take physical custody of child. (1) If a petition under this article contains allegations, and the court finds that there is a credible risk that the child is imminently likely to be wrongfully removed, the court may issue an ex parte warrant to take physical custody of the child.

(2) The respondent on a petition under subsection (1) of this section must be afforded an opportunity to be heard at the earliest possible time after the ex parte warrant is executed, but not later than the next judicial day unless a hearing on that date is impossible. In that event, the court shall hold the hearing on the first judicial day possible.

(3) An ex parte warrant under subsection (1) of this section to take physical custody of a child must:

(a) Recite the facts upon which a determination of a credible risk of imminent wrongful removal of the child is based;

(b) Direct law enforcement officers to take physical custody of the child immediately;

(c) State the date and time for the hearing on the petition; and

(d) Provide for the safe interim placement of the child pending further order of the court.

(4) If feasible, before issuing a warrant and before determining the placement of the child after the warrant is executed, the court may order a search of the relevant databases of the national crime information center system and similar state databases to determine if either the petitioner or respondent has a history of domestic violence, stalking, or child abuse or neglect.

(5) The petition and warrant must be served on the respondent when or immediately after the child is taken into physical custody.

(6) A warrant to take physical custody of a child, issued by this state or another state, is enforceable throughout this state. If the court finds that a less intrusive remedy will not be effective, it may authorize law enforcement officers to enter private property to take physical custody of the child. If required by exigent circumstances, the court may authorize law enforcement officers to make a forcible entry at any hour.

(7) If the court finds, after a hearing, that a petitioner sought an ex parte warrant under subsection (1) of this section for the purpose of harassment or in bad faith, the court may award the respondent reasonable attorneys fees, costs, and expenses.

(8) This article does not affect the availability of relief allowed under the law of this state other than this article.
C.R.S. § 14-13-401 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 13 / Part 4 / Section 14-13-401
14-13-401. Application and construction
Status: in_force

14-13-401. Application and construction. In applying and construing this article, consideration must be given to the need to promote uniformity of the law with respect to its subject matter among states that enact it.
C.R.S. § 14-10-123.5 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 10 / Section 14-10-123.5
14-10-123.5. Joint custody
Status: repealed

14-10-123.5. Joint custody. (Repealed)
C.R.S. § 14-5-208 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 5 / Part 2 / Section 14-5-208
14-5-208. Child support orders for two or more obligees
Status: in_force

14-5-208. Child support orders for two or more obligees. In responding to registrations or petitions for enforcement of two or more child support orders in effect at the same time with regard to the same obligor and different individual obligees, at least one of which was issued by a tribunal of another state or a foreign country, a tribunal of this state shall enforce those orders in the same manner as if the orders had been issued by a tribunal of this state.
C.R.S. § 14-2-310 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 2 / Part 3 / Section 14-2-310
14-2-310. Unenforceable terms
Status: in_force

14-2-310. Unenforceable terms. (1) In this section, "custodial responsibility" means parental rights and responsibilities, parenting time, access, visitation, or other custodial right or duty with respect to a child.

(2) A term in a premarital agreement or marital agreement is not enforceable to the extent that it:

(a) Adversely affects a child's right to support;

(b) Limits or restricts a remedy available to a victim of domestic violence under law of this state other than this part 3;

(c) Purports to modify the grounds for a court-decreed legal separation or marital dissolution available under law of this state other than this part 3;

(d) Penalizes a party for initiating a legal proceeding leading to a court-decreed legal separation or marital dissolution; or

(e) Violates public policy.

(3) A term in a premarital agreement or marital agreement which defines the rights or duties of the parties regarding custodial responsibility is not binding on the court.
C.R.S. § 14-5-1005 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 5 / Part 10 / Section 14-5-1005
14-5-1005. Declaration of reciprocity - repeal
Status: repealed

14-5-1005. Declaration of reciprocity - repeal. (Repealed)
C.R.S. § 14-13-103 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 13 / Part 1 / Section 14-13-103
14-13-103. Proceedings governed by other law
Status: in_force

14-13-103. Proceedings governed by other law. This article does not govern an adoption proceeding or a proceeding pertaining to the authorization of emergency medical care for a child.
C.R.S. § 14-5-316 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 5 / Part 3 / Section 14-5-316
14-5-316. Special rules of evidence and procedure
Status: in_force

14-5-316. Special rules of evidence and procedure. (a) The physical presence of a nonresident party who is an individual in a tribunal of this state is not required for the establishment, enforcement, or modification of a support order or the rendition of a judgment determining parentage of a child.

(b) An affidavit, a document substantially complying with federally mandated forms, or a document incorporated by reference in any of them, which would not be excluded under the hearsay rule if given in person, is admissible in evidence if given under penalty of perjury by a party or witness residing outside this state.

(c) A copy of the record of child support payments certified as a true copy of the original by the custodian of the record may be forwarded to a responding tribunal. The copy is evidence of facts asserted in it, and is admissible to show whether payments were made.

(d) Copies of bills for testing for parentage of a child, and for prenatal and postnatal health care of the mother and child, furnished to the adverse party at least ten days before trial, are admissible in evidence to prove the amount of the charges billed and that the charges were reasonable, necessary, and customary.

(e) Documentary evidence transmitted from outside this state to a tribunal of this state by telephone, telecopier, or other electronic means that do not provide an original record may not be excluded from evidence on an objection based on the means of transmission.

(f) In a proceeding under this article, a tribunal of this state shall permit a party or witness residing outside this state to be deposed or to testify under penalty of perjury by telephone, audiovisual means, or other electronic means at a designated tribunal or other location. A tribunal of this state shall cooperate with other tribunals in designating an appropriate location for the deposition or testimony.

(g) If a party called to testify at a civil hearing refuses to answer on the ground that the testimony may be self-incriminating, the trier of fact may draw an adverse inference from the refusal.

(h) A privilege against disclosure of communications between spouses does not apply in a proceeding under this article.

(i) The defense of immunity based on the relationship of husband and wife or parent and child does not apply in a proceeding under this article.

(j) A voluntary acknowledgment of parentage, certified as a true copy, is admissible to establish parentage of the child.
C.R.S. § 14-2-207 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 2 / Part 2 / Section 14-2-207
14-2-207. Spouse may convey lands as if unmarried
Status: in_force

14-2-207. Spouse may convey lands as if unmarried. A person, while married, may bargain, sell, and convey his or her real and personal property and enter into any contract in reference to the same as if he or she were unmarried.
C.R.S. § 14-6-113 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 6 / Section 14-6-113
14-6-113. Remedies additional to those now existing
Status: in_force

14-6-113. Remedies additional to those now existing. The remedies provided in this article are in addition to and not in substitution for any other remedies.
C.R.S. § 14-10-120.5 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 10 / Section 14-10-120.5
14-10-120.5. Petition - fee - assessment - displaced homemakers fund
Status: in_force

14-10-120.5. Petition - fee - assessment - displaced homemakers fund. (1) There shall be assessed against a nonindigent petitioner a fee of five dollars for each filing of a petition for dissolution of marriage, declaration of invalidity of marriage, legal separation, or declaratory judgment concerning the status of marriage. All such fees collected shall be transmitted to the state treasurer for deposit in the displaced homemakers fund created pursuant to section 8-15.5-108, C.R.S.

(1.5) There shall be assessed against a nonindigent petitioner a fee of five dollars for each filing of a petition for dissolution of a civil union, declaration of invalidity of a civil union, legal separation, or declaratory judgment concerning the status of a civil union. All such fees collected shall be transmitted to the state treasurer for deposit in the displaced homemakers fund created pursuant to section 8-15.5-108, C.R.S.

(2) Notwithstanding the amount specified for the fee in subsection (1) or (1.5) of this section, the chief justice of the supreme court by rule or as otherwise provided by law may reduce the amount of the fee if necessary pursuant to section 24-75-402 (3), C.R.S., to reduce the uncommitted reserves of the fund to which all or any portion of the fee is credited. After the uncommitted reserves of the fund are sufficiently reduced, the chief justice by rule or as otherwise provided by law may increase the amount of the fee as provided in section 24-75-402 (4), C.R.S.
C.R.S. § 14-13-202 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 13 / Part 2 / Section 14-13-202
14-13-202. Exclusive, continuing jurisdiction
Status: in_force

14-13-202. Exclusive, continuing jurisdiction. (1) Except as otherwise provided in section 14-13-204, a court of this state that has made a child-custody determination consistent with section 14-13-201 or 14-13-203 has exclusive, continuing jurisdiction over the determination until:

(a) A court of this state determines that the child, the child's parents, and any person acting as a parent do not have a significant connection with this state and that substantial evidence is no longer available in this state concerning the child's care, protection, training, and personal relationships; or

(b) A court of this state or a court of another state determines that the child, the child's parents, and any person acting as a parent do not presently reside in this state.

(2) A court of this state that has made a child-custody determination and does not have exclusive, continuing jurisdiction under this section may modify that determination only if it has jurisdiction to make an initial determination under section 14-13-201.
C.R.S. § 14-5-505 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 5 / Part 5 / Section 14-5-505
14-5-505. Penalties for noncompliance
Status: in_force

14-5-505. Penalties for noncompliance. An employer that willfully fails to comply with an income-withholding order issued in another state and received for enforcement is subject to the same penalties that may be imposed for noncompliance with an order issued by a tribunal of this state.
C.R.S. § 14-5-314 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 5 / Part 3 / Section 14-5-314
14-5-314. Limited immunity of petitioner
Status: in_force

14-5-314. Limited immunity of petitioner. (a) Participation by a petitioner in a proceeding under this article before a responding tribunal, whether in person, by private attorney, or through services provided by the support enforcement agency, does not confer personal jurisdiction over the petitioner in another proceeding.

(b) A petitioner is not amenable to service of civil process while physically present in this state to participate in a proceeding under this article.

(c) The immunity granted by this section does not extend to civil litigation based on acts unrelated to a proceeding under this article committed by a party while physically present in this state to participate in the proceeding.
C.R.S. § 14-10-123.7 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 10 / Section 14-10-123.7
14-10-123.7. Parental education - legislative declaration
Status: in_force

14-10-123.7. Parental education - legislative declaration. (1) The general assembly recognizes research that documents the negative impact divorce and separation can have on children when the parents continue the marital conflict, expose the children to this conflict, or place the children in the middle of the conflict or when one parent drops out of the child's life. This research establishes that children of divorce or separation may exhibit a decreased ability to function academically, socially, and psychologically because of the stress of the divorce or separation process. The general assembly also finds that, by understanding the process of divorce and its impact on both adults and children, parents can more effectively help and support their children during this time of family reconfiguration. Accordingly, the general assembly finds that it is in the best interests of children to authorize courts to establish, or contract with providers for the establishment of, educational programs for separating, divorcing, and divorced parents with minor children. The intent of these programs is to educate parents about the divorce process and its impact on adults and children and to teach coparenting skills and strategies so that parents may continue to parent their children in a cooperative manner.

(2) A court may order a parent whose child is under eighteen years of age to attend a program designed to provide education concerning the impact of separation and divorce on children in cases in which the parent of a minor is a named party in a dissolution of marriage proceeding, a legal separation proceeding, a proceeding concerning the allocation of parental responsibilities, parenting time proceedings, or postdecree proceedings involving the allocation of parental responsibilities or parenting time or proceedings in which the parent is the subject of a protection order issued pursuant to this article.

(3) Each judicial district, or combination of judicial districts as designated by the chief justice of the Colorado supreme court, may establish an educational program for divorcing and separating parents who are parties to any of the types of proceedings specified in subsection (2) of this section or arrange for the provision of such educational programs by private providers through competitively negotiated contracts. The educational program shall inform parents about the divorce process and its impact on adults and children and shall teach parents coparenting skills and strategies so that they may continue to parent their children in a cooperative manner. Any such educational program shall be administered and monitored by the implementing judicial district or districts and shall be paid for by the participating parents in accordance with each parent's ability to pay.
C.R.S. § 14-2-105 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 2 / Part 1 / Section 14-2-105
14-2-105. Marriage license and marriage certificate
Status: in_force

14-2-105. Marriage license and marriage certificate. (1) The executive director of the department of public health and environment shall prescribe the form for an application for a marriage license, which must include the following information:

(a) Name, sex, address, last four digits of the social security number, and date and place of birth of each party to the proposed marriage, which proof of identity and date of birth may be by a birth certificate, a driver's license, a passport, or other comparable evidence;

(b) If either party has previously been married, such party's married name and the date, place, and court in which the marriage was dissolved or declared invalid or the date and place of death of the former spouse;

(b.5) If either party has previously been a partner in a civil union and, if so, the name of the other partner in the civil union, or the date, place, and court in which the civil union was dissolved or declared invalid, or the date and place of death of the former partner in the civil union;

(c) Name and address of the parents or guardian of each party;

(d) Whether the parties are related to each other and, if so, their relationship, or, if the parties are currently married to each other, a statement to that effect.

(2) The executive director of the department of public health and environment shall prescribe the forms for the marriage license, the marriage certificate, and the consent to marriage.
C.R.S. § 14-13.5-103 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 13.5 / Section 14-13.5-103
14-13.5-103. Cooperation and communication among courts
Status: in_force

14-13.5-103. Cooperation and communication among courts. Sections 14-13-110, 14-13-111, and 14-13-112 shall apply to cooperation and communications among courts in proceedings under this article.
C.R.S. § 14-15-105 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 15 / Section 14-15-105
14-15-105. Individual - civil union with relative - prohibited
Status: in_force

14-15-105. Individual - civil union with relative - prohibited. (1) An individual shall not enter into a civil union with an ancestor or a descendant or with a brother or a sister, whether the relationship is by the half or the whole blood.

(2) An individual shall not enter into a civil union with an uncle or aunt or with a niece or nephew, whether the relationship is by the half or the whole blood.

(3) A civil union between persons prohibited from entering into a civil union by subsection (1) or (2) of this section is void.
C.R.S. § 14-15-103 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 15 / Section 14-15-103
14-15-103. Definitions
Status: in_force

14-15-103. Definitions. As used in this article, unless the context otherwise requires:

(1) "Civil union" means a relationship established by two eligible persons pursuant to this article that entitles them to receive the benefits and protections and be subject to the responsibilities of spouses.

(2) "Civil union certificate" means a document that certifies that the persons named in the certificate have established a civil union in this state in compliance with this article.

(3) "Department" means the department of public health and environment.

(4) "Marriage" means the legally recognized union of one man and one woman.

(5) "Partner in a civil union" or "party to a civil union" means a person who has established a civil union pursuant to this article.

(6) "Spouses" means two persons who are married pursuant to the provisions of the "Uniform Marriage Act", part 1 of article 2 of this title.

(7) "State registrar" means the state registrar of vital statistics in the department.
C.R.S. § 14-2-106 — CO Code / Title 14 / Article 2 / Part 1 / Section 14-2-106
14-2-106. License to marry
Status: repealed

14-2-106. License to marry. (1) (a) When a marriage license application has been completed and signed by both parties to a prospective marriage and at least one party has appeared, or both parties appeared if permitted pursuant to section 14-2-106.5, before the county clerk and recorder and has paid the marriage license fee of seven dollars, a fee of twenty dollars to be transmitted by the county clerk and recorder to the state treasurer and credited by the treasurer to the Colorado domestic abuse program fund created in section 39-22-802 (1), and an additional amount established pursuant to section 25-2-121, such amount to be credited to the vital statistics records cash fund pursuant to section 25-2-121, the county clerk shall issue a license to marry and a marriage certificate form upon being furnished:

(I) Satisfactory proof that each party to the marriage will have attained the age of eighteen years at the time the marriage license becomes effective; or, if over the age of sixteen years but has not attained the age of eighteen years, has judicial approval, as provided in section 14-2-108; and

(II) Satisfactory proof that the marriage is not prohibited, as provided in section 14-2-110.

(b) Violation of subsection (1)(a)(I) of this section makes the marriage voidable.

(2) Repealed.