FrankGoortani/open-us-law huggingface dataset:
Cal. Const. art. I, § 15 — Article I / Section 15
California Constitution Article I, Section 15
Status: in_force

The defendant in a criminal cause has the right to a speedy public trial, to compel attendance of witnesses in the defendant’s behalf, to have the assistance of counsel for the defendant’s defense, to be personally present with counsel, and to be confronted with the witnesses against the defendant. The Legislature may provide for the deposition of a witness in the presence of the defendant and the defendant’s counsel. Persons may not twice be put in jeopardy for the same offense, be compelled in a criminal cause to be a witness against themselves, or be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law. (Sec. 15 added Nov. 5, 1974, by Prop. 7. Res.Ch. 90, 1974.)
Cal. Const. art. XIII, § 20 — Article XIII / Section 20
California Constitution Article XIII, Section 20
Status: in_force

The Legislature may provide maximum property tax rates and bonding limits for local governments. (Sec. 20 added Nov. 5, 1974, by Prop. 8. Res.Ch. 70, 1974.)
Cal. Const. art. XIII, § 29 — Article XIII / Section 29
California Constitution Article XIII, Section 29
Status: in_force

(a) The Legislature may authorize counties, cities and counties, and cities to enter into contracts to apportion between them the revenue derived from any sales or use tax imposed by them that is collected for them by the State. Before the contract becomes operative, it shall be authorized by a majority of those voting on the question in each jurisdiction at a general or direct primary election. (b) Notwithstanding subdivision (a), on and after the operative date of this subdivision, counties, cities and counties, and cities may enter into contracts to apportion between them the revenue derived from any sales or use tax imposed by them pursuant to the Bradley-Burns Uniform Local Sales and Use Tax Law, or any successor provisions, that is collected for them by the State, if the ordinance or resolution proposing each contract is approved by a two-thirds vote of the governing body of each jurisdiction that is a party to the contract. (Sec. 29 amended Nov. 3, 1998, by Prop. 11. Res.Ch. 133, 1998.)
Cal. Const. art. VI, § 22 — Article VI / Section 22
California Constitution Article VI, Section 22
Status: in_force

The Legislature may provide for the appointment by trial courts of record of officers such as commissioners to perform subordinate judicial duties. (Sec. 22 added Nov. 8, 1966, by Prop. 1-a. Res.Ch. 139, 1966 1st Ex. Sess.)
Cal. Const. art. IX, § 7 — Article IX / Section 7
California Constitution Article IX, Section 7
Status: in_force

The Legislature shall provide for the appointment or election of the State Board of Education and a board of education in each county or for the election of a joint county board of education for two or more counties. (Sec. 7 amended Nov. 2, 1976, by Prop. 8. Res.Ch. 57, 1976.)
Cal. Const. art. VI, § 21 — Article VI / Section 21
California Constitution Article VI, Section 21
Status: in_force

On stipulation of the parties litigant the court may order a cause to be tried by a temporary judge who is a member of the State Bar, sworn and empowered to act until final determination of the cause. (Sec. 21 added Nov. 8, 1966, by Prop. 1-a. Res.Ch. 139, 1966 1st Ex. Sess.)
Cal. Const. art. XXXV, § 7 — Article XXXV / Section 7
California Constitution Article XXXV, Section 7
Status: in_force

Notwithstanding any other provision of this Constitution, including Article VII, or any law, the institute and its employees are exempt from civil service. (Sec. 7 added Nov. 2, 2004, by Prop. 71. Initiative measure.)
Cal. Const. art. III, § 1 — Article III / Section 1
California Constitution Article III, Section 1
Status: in_force

The State of California is an inseparable part of the United States of America, and the United States Constitution is the supreme law of the land. (Sec. 1 added Nov. 7, 1972, by Prop. 6. Res.Ch. 120, 1972.)
Cal. Const. art. I, § 23 — Article I / Section 23
California Constitution Article I, Section 23
Status: in_force

One or more grand juries shall be drawn and summoned at least once a year in each county. (Sec. 23 added Nov. 5, 1974, by Prop. 7. Res.Ch. 90, 1974.)
Cal. Const. art. I, § 1 — Article I / Section 1
California Constitution Article I, Section 1
Status: in_force

All people are by nature free and independent and have inalienable rights. Among these are enjoying and defending life and liberty, acquiring, possessing, and protecting property, and pursuing and obtaining safety, happiness, and privacy. (Sec. 1 added Nov. 5, 1974, by Proposition 7. Resolution Chapter 90, 1974.)
Cal. Const. art. I, § 21 — Article I / Section 21
California Constitution Article I, Section 21
Status: in_force

Property owned before marriage or acquired during marriage by gift, will, or inheritance is separate property. (Sec. 21 renumbered from Sec. 8 (of Art. 20) on Nov. 5, 1974, by Prop. 7. Res.Ch. 90, 1974.)
Cal. Const. art. II, § 3 — Article II / Section 3
California Constitution Article II, Section 3
Status: in_force

The Legislature shall define residence and provide for registration and free elections. (Sec. 3 renumbered from Sec. 2 on June 8, 1976, by Prop. 14. Res.Ch. 5, 1976.)
Cal. Const. art. XIII, § 35 — Article XIII / Section 35
California Constitution Article XIII, Section 35
Status: in_force

(a) The people of the State of California find and declare all of the following: (1) Public safety services are critically important to the security and well-being of the State’s citizens and to the growth and revitalization of the State’s economic base. (2) The protection of the public safety is the first responsibility of local government and local officials have an obligation to give priority to the provision of adequate public safety services. (3) In order to assist local government in maintaining a sufficient level of public safety services, the proceeds of the tax enacted pursuant to this section shall be designated exclusively for public safety. (b) In addition to any sales and use taxes imposed by the Legislature, the following sales and use taxes are hereby imposed: (1) For the privilege of selling tangible personal property at retail, a tax is hereby imposed upon all retailers at the rate of 1 / 2 percent of the gross receipts of any retailer from the sale of all tangible personal property sold at retail in this State on and after January 1, 1994. (2) An excise tax is hereby imposed on the storage, use, or other consumption in this State of tangible personal property purchased from any retailer on and after January 1, 1994, for storage, use, or other consumption in this State at the rate of 1 / 2 percent of the sales price of the property. (c) The Sales and Use Tax Law, including any amendments made thereto on or after the effective date of this section, shall be applicable to the taxes imposed by subdivision (b). (d) (1) All revenues, less refunds, derived from the taxes imposed pursuant to subdivision (b) shall be transferred to the Local Public Safety Fund for allocation by the Legislature, as prescribed by statute, to counties in which either of the following occurs: (A) The board of supervisors, by a majority vote of its membership, requests an allocation from the Local Public Safety Fund in a manner prescribed by statute. (B) A majority of the county’s voters voting thereon approve the addition of this section. (2) Moneys in the Local Public Safety Fund shall be allocated for use exclusively for public safety services of local agencies. (e) Revenues derived from the taxes imposed pursuant to subdivision (b) shall not be considered proceeds of taxes for purposes of Article XIII B or State General Fund proceeds of taxes within the meaning of Article XVI. (f) Except for the provisions of Section 34, this section shall supersede any other provisions of this Constitution that are in conflict with the provisions of this section, including, but not limited to, Section 9 of Article II. (Sec. 35 added Nov. 2, 1993, by Prop. 172. Res.Ch. 41, 1993.)
Cal. Const. art. IV, § 4.5 — Article IV / Section 4.5
California Constitution Article IV, Section 4.5
Status: in_force

Notwithstanding any other provision of this Constitution or existing law, a person elected to or serving in the Legislature on or after November 1, 1990, shall participate in the Federal Social Security (Retirement, Disability, Health Insurance) Program and the State shall pay only the employer’s share of the contribution necessary to such participation. No other pension or retirement benefit shall accrue as a result of service in the Legislature, such service not being intended as a career occupation. This Section shall not be construed to abrogate or diminish any vested pension or retirement benefit which may have accrued under an existing law to a person holding or having held office in the Legislature, but upon adoption of this Act no further entitlement to nor vesting in any existing program shall accrue to any such person, other than Social Security to the extent herein provided. (Sec. 4.5 added Nov. 6, 1990, by Prop. 140. Initiative measure.)
Cal. Const. art. IX, § 3 — Article IX / Section 3
California Constitution Article IX, Section 3
Status: in_force

A Superintendent of Schools for each county may be elected by the qualified electors thereof at each gubernatorial election or may be appointed by the county board of education, and the manner of the selection shall be determined by a majority vote of the electors of the county voting on the question; provided, that two or more counties may, by an election conducted pursuant to Section 3.2 of this article, unite for the purpose of electing or appointing one joint superintendent for the counties so uniting. (Sec. 3 amended Nov. 2, 1976, by Prop. 8. Res.Ch. 57, 1976.)
Cal. Const. art. XI, § 11 — Article XI / Section 11
California Constitution Article XI, Section 11
Status: in_force

(a) The Legislature may not delegate to a private person or body power to make, control, appropriate, supervise, or interfere with county or municipal corporation improvements, money, or property, or to levy taxes or assessments, or perform municipal functions. (b) The Legislature may, however, provide for the deposit of public moneys in any bank in this State or in any savings and loan association in this State or any credit union in this State or in any federally insured industrial loan company in this State and for payment of interest, principal, and redemption premiums of public bonds and other evidence of public indebtedness by banks within or without this State. It may also provide for investment of public moneys in securities and the registration of bonds and other evidences of indebtedness by private persons or bodies, within or without this State, acting as trustees or fiscal agents. (Sec. 11 amended Nov. 8, 1988, by Prop. 88. Res.Ch. 59, 1988.)
Cal. Const. art. XIV, § 1 — Article XIV / Section 1
California Constitution Article XIV, Section 1
Status: in_force

The Legislature may provide for minimum wages and for the general welfare of employees and for those purposes may confer on a commission legislative, executive, and judicial powers. (Sec. 1 added June 8, 1976, by Prop. 14. Res.Ch. 5, 1976.)
Cal. Const. art. XX, § 7 — Article XX / Section 7
California Constitution Article XX, Section 7
Status: in_force

The limitations on the number of terms prescribed by Section 2 of Article IV, Sections 2 and 11 of Article V, Section 2 of Article IX, and Section 17 of Article XIII apply only to terms to which persons are elected or appointed on or after November 6, 1990, except that an incumbent Senator whose office is not on the ballot for the general election on that date may serve only one additional term. Those limitations shall not apply to any unexpired term to which a person is elected or appointed if the remainder of the term is less than half of the full term. (Sec. 7 added Nov. 6, 1990, by Prop. 140. Initiative measure.)
Cal. Const. art. XX, § 6 — Article XX / Section 6
California Constitution Article XX, Section 6
Status: in_force

Any legislator whose term of office is reduced by operation of the amendment to subdivision (a) of Section 2 of Article IV adopted by the people in 1972 shall, notwithstanding any other provision of this Constitution, be entitled to retirement benefits and compensation as if the term of office had not been so reduced. (Sec. 6 renumbered from Sec. 25 on June 8, 1976, by Prop. 14. Res.Ch. 5, 1976.)
Cal. Const. art. VII, § 4 — Article VII / Section 4
California Constitution Article VII, Section 4
Status: in_force

The following are exempt from civil service: (a) Officers and employees appointed or employed by the Legislature, either house, or legislative committees. (b) Officers and employees appointed or employed by councils, commissions or public corporations in the judicial branch or by a court of record or officer thereof. (c) Officers elected by the people and a deputy and an employee selected by each elected officer. (d) Members of boards and commissions. (e) A deputy or employee selected by each board or commission either appointed by the Governor or authorized by statute. (f) State officers directly appointed by the Governor with or without the consent or confirmation of the Senate and the employees of the Governor’s office, and the employees of the Lieutenant Governor’s office directly appointed or employed by the Lieutenant Governor. (g) A deputy or employee selected by each officer, except members of boards and commissions, exempted under Section 4(f). (h) Officers and employees of the University of California and the California State Colleges. (i) The teaching staff of schools under the jurisdiction of the Department of Education or the Superintendent of Public Instruction. (j) Member, inmate, and patient help in state homes, charitable or correctional institutions, and state facilities for mentally ill or retarded persons. (k) Members of the militia while engaged in military service. (l) Officers and employees of district agricultural associations employed less than 6 months in a calendar year. (m) In addition to positions exempted by other provisions of this section, the Attorney General may appoint or employ six deputies or employees, the Public Utilities Commission may appoint or employ one deputy or employee, and the Legislative Counsel may appoint or employ two deputies or employees. (Sec. 4 added June 8, 1976, by Prop. 14. Res.Ch. 5, 1976.)
Cal. Const. art. XIII, § 13 — Article XIII / Section 13
California Constitution Article XIII, Section 13
Status: in_force

Land and improvements shall be separately assessed. (Sec. 13 added Nov. 5, 1974, by Prop. 8. Res.Ch. 70, 1974.)
Cal. Const. art. IX, § 2 — Article IX / Section 2
California Constitution Article IX, Section 2
Status: in_force

A Superintendent of Public Instruction shall be elected by the qualified electors of the State at each gubernatorial election. The Superintendent of Public Instruction shall enter upon the duties of the office on the first Monday after the first day of January next succeeding each gubernatorial election. No Superintendent of Public Instruction may serve more than 2 terms. (Sec. 2 amended Nov. 6, 1990, by Prop. 140. Initiative measure.)
Cal. Const. art. VI, § 18.1 — Article VI / Section 18.1
California Constitution Article VI, Section 18.1
Status: in_force

The Commission on Judicial Performance shall exercise discretionary jurisdiction with regard to the oversight and discipline of subordinate judicial officers, according to the same standards, and subject to review upon petition to the Supreme Court, as specified in Section 18. No person who has been found unfit to serve as a subordinate judicial officer after a hearing before the Commission on Judicial Performance shall have the requisite status to serve as a subordinate judicial officer. This section does not diminish or eliminate the responsibility of a court to exercise initial jurisdiction to discipline or dismiss a subordinate judicial officer as its employee. (Sec. 18.1 added June 2, 1998, by Prop. 221. Res.Ch. 54, 1996.)
Cal. Const. art. I, § 11 — Article I / Section 11
California Constitution Article I, Section 11
Status: in_force

Habeas corpus may not be suspended unless required by public safety in cases of rebellion or invasion. (Sec. 11 added Nov. 5, 1974, by Prop. 7. Res.Ch. 90, 1974.)
Cal. Const. art. I, § 30 — Article I / Section 30
California Constitution Article I, Section 30
Status: in_force

(a) This Constitution shall not be construed by the courts to prohibit the joining of criminal cases as prescribed by the Legislature or by the people through the initiative process. (b) In order to protect victims and witnesses in criminal cases, hearsay evidence shall be admissible at preliminary hearings, as prescribed by the Legislature or by the people through the initiative process. (c) In order to provide for fair and speedy trials, discovery in criminal cases shall be reciprocal in nature, as prescribed by the Legislature or by the people through the initiative process. (Sec. 30 added June 5, 1990, by Prop. 115. Initiative measure.)
Cal. Const. art. I, § 17 — Article I / Section 17
California Constitution Article I, Section 17
Status: in_force

Cruel or unusual punishment may not be inflicted or excessive fines imposed. (Sec. 17 added Nov. 5, 1974, by Prop. 7. Res.Ch. 90, 1974.)
Cal. Const. art. XIII, § 14 — Article XIII / Section 14
California Constitution Article XIII, Section 14
Status: in_force

All property taxed by local government shall be assessed in the county, city, and district in which it is situated. (Sec. 14 added Nov. 5, 1974, by Prop. 8. Res.Ch. 70, 1974.)
Cal. Const. art. VI, § 20 — Article VI / Section 20
California Constitution Article VI, Section 20
Status: in_force

The Legislature shall provide for retirement, with reasonable allowance, of judges of courts of record for age or disability. (Sec. 20 added Nov. 8, 1966, by Prop. 1-a. Res.Ch. 139, 1966 1st Ex. Sess.)
Cal. Const. art. XVI, § 15 — Article XVI / Section 15
California Constitution Article XVI, Section 15
Status: in_force

A public body authorized to issue securities to provide public parking facilities and any other public body whose territorial area includes such facilities are authorized to make revenues from street parking meters available as additional security. (Sec. 15 added Nov. 5, 1974, by Prop. 8. Res.Ch. 70, 1974.)
Cal. Const. art. XIV, § 5 — Article XIV / Section 5
California Constitution Article XIV, Section 5
Status: in_force

(a) The Director of Corrections or any county Sheriff or other local government official charged with jail operations, may enter into contracts with public entities, nonprofit or for profit organizations, entities, or businesses for the purpose of conducting programs which use inmate labor. Such programs shall be operated and implemented pursuant to statutes enacted by or in accordance with the provisions of the Prison Inmate Labor Initiative of 1990, and by rules and regulations prescribed by the Director of Corrections and, for county jail programs, by local ordinances. (b) No contract shall be executed with an employer that will initiate employment by inmates in the same job classification as non-inmate employees of the same employer who are on strike, as defined in Section 1132.6 of the Labor Code, as it reads on January 1, 1990, or who are subject to lockout, as defined in Section 1132.8 of the Labor Code, as it reads on January 1, 1990. Total daily hours worked by inmates employed in the same job classification as non-inmate employees of the same employer who are on strike, as defined in Section 1132.6 of the Labor Code, as it reads on January 1, 1990, or who are subject to lockout, as defined in Section 1132.8 of the Labor Code, as it reads on January 1, 1990, shall not exceed, for the duration of the strike, the average daily hours worked for the preceding six months, or if the program has been in operation for less than six months, the average for the period of operation. (c) Nothing in this section shall be interpreted as creating a right of inmates to work. (Sec. 5 repealed and added Nov. 6, 1990, by Prop. 139. Initiative measure.)
Cal. Const. art. XIX, § 9 — Article XIX / Section 9
California Constitution Article XIX, Section 9
Status: in_force

Notwithstanding Sections 2 and 3 of this article, any real property acquired by the expenditure of the designated tax revenues by an entity other than the State for the purposes authorized in those sections, but no longer required for such purposes, may be used for local public park and recreational purposes. (Sec. 9 renumbered from Sec. 8 on Nov. 2, 2010, by Prop. 22. Initiative measure.)
Cal. Const. art. III, § 3 — Article III / Section 3
California Constitution Article III, Section 3
Status: in_force

The powers of state government are legislative, executive, and judicial. Persons charged with the exercise of one power may not exercise either of the others except as permitted by this Constitution. (Sec. 3 added Nov. 7, 1972, by Prop. 6. Res.Ch. 120, 1972.)
Cal. Const. art. V, § 1 — Article V / Section 1
California Constitution Article V, Section 1
Status: in_force

The supreme executive power of this State is vested in the Governor. The Governor shall see that the law is faithfully executed. (Sec. 1 amended Nov. 5, 1974, by Prop. 11. Res.Ch. 96, 1974.)
Cal. Const. art. VI, § 9 — Article VI / Section 9
California Constitution Article VI, Section 9
Status: in_force

The State Bar of California is a public corporation. Every person admitted and licensed to practice law in this State is and shall be a member of the State Bar except while holding office as a judge of a court of record. (Sec. 9 added Nov. 8, 1966, by Prop. 1-a. Res.Ch. 139, 1966 1st Ex. Sess.)
Cal. Const. art. XXXV, § 3 — Article XXXV / Section 3
California Constitution Article XXXV, Section 3
Status: in_force

No funds authorized for, or made available to, the institute shall be used for research involving human reproductive cloning. (Sec. 3 added Nov. 2, 2004, by Prop. 71. Initiative measure.)
Cal. Const. art. I, § 7.5 — Article I / Section 7.5
California Constitution Article I, Section 7.5
Status: in_force

(a) The right to marry is a fundamental right. (b) This section is in furtherance of both of the following: (1) The inalienable rights to enjoy life and liberty and to pursue and obtain safety, happiness, and privacy guaranteed by Section 1. (2) The rights to due process and equal protection guaranteed by Section 7. (Sec. 7.5 repealed and added Nov. 5, 2024, by Prop. 3. Res.Ch. 125, 2023. Effective December 18, 2024. Approved in Proposition 3 at the November 5, 2024, election.)
Cal. Const. art. I, § 22 — Article I / Section 22
California Constitution Article I, Section 22
Status: in_force

The right to vote or hold office may not be conditioned by a property qualification. (Sec. 22 added Nov. 5, 1974, by Prop. 7. Res.Ch. 90, 1974.)
Cal. Const. art. VI, § 14 — Article VI / Section 14
California Constitution Article VI, Section 14
Status: in_force

The Legislature shall provide for the prompt publication of such opinions of the Supreme Court and courts of appeal as the Supreme Court deems appropriate, and those opinions shall be available for publication by any person. Decisions of the Supreme Court and courts of appeal that determine causes shall be in writing with reasons stated. (Sec. 14 added Nov. 8, 1966, by Prop. 1-a. Res.Ch. 139, 1966 1st Ex. Sess.)
Cal. Const. art. VI, § 4 — Article VI / Section 4
California Constitution Article VI, Section 4
Status: in_force

In each county there is a superior court of one or more judges. The Legislature shall prescribe the number of judges and provide for the officers and employees of each superior court. If the governing body of each affected county concurs, the Legislature may provide that one or more judges serve more than one superior court. In each superior court there is an appellate division. The Chief Justice shall assign judges to the appellate division for specified terms pursuant to rules, not inconsistent with statute, adopted by the Judicial Council to promote the independence of the appellate division. (Sec. 4 amended June 2, 1998, by Prop. 220. Res.Ch. 36, 1996.)