FrankGoortani/open-us-law huggingface dataset:
Cal. Const. art. XVI, § 8.5 — Article XVI / Section 8.5
California Constitution Article XVI, Section 8.5
Status: in_force

(a) In addition to the amount required to be applied for the support of school districts and community college districts pursuant to Section 8, the Controller shall during each fiscal year transfer and allocate all revenues available pursuant to paragraph 1 of subdivision (a) of Section 2 of Article XIII B to that portion of the State School Fund restricted for elementary and high school purposes, and to that portion of the State School Fund restricted for community college purposes, respectively, in proportion to the enrollment in school districts and community college districts respectively. (1) With respect to funds allocated to that portion of the State School Fund restricted for elementary and high school purposes, no transfer or allocation of funds pursuant to this section shall be required at any time that the Director of Finance and the Superintendent of Public Instruction mutually determine that current annual expenditures per student equal or exceed the average annual expenditure per student of the 10 states with the highest annual expenditures per student for elementary and high schools, and that average class size equals or is less than the average class size of the 10 states with the lowest class size for elementary and high schools. (2) With respect to funds allocated to that portion of the State School Fund restricted for community college purposes, no transfer or allocation of funds pursuant to this section shall be required at any time that the Director of Finance and the Chancellor of the California Community Colleges mutually determine that current annual expenditures per student for community colleges in this State equal or exceed the average annual expenditure per student of the 10 states with the highest annual expenditures per student for community colleges. (b) Notwithstanding the provisions of Article XIII B, funds allocated pursuant to this section shall not constitute appropriations subject to limitation. (c) From any funds transferred to the State School Fund pursuant to subdivision (a), the Controller shall each year allocate to each school district and community college district an equal amount per enrollment in school districts from the amount in that portion of the State School Fund restricted for elementary and high school purposes and an equal amount per enrollment in community college districts from that portion of the State School Fund restricted for community college purposes. (d) All revenues allocated pursuant to subdivision (a) shall be expended solely for the purposes of instructional improvement and accountability as required by law. (e) Any school district maintaining an elementary or secondary school shall develop and cause to be prepared an annual audit accounting for such funds and shall adopt a School Accountability Report Card for each school. (Sec. 8.5 amended June 5, 1990, by Prop. 111. Res.Ch. 66, 1989. Effective July 1, 1990.)
Cal. Const. art. IV, § 16 — Article IV / Section 16
California Constitution Article IV, Section 16
Status: in_force

(a) All laws of a general nature have uniform operation. (b) A local or special statute is invalid in any case if a general statute can be made applicable. (Sec. 16 amended Nov. 5, 1974, by Prop. 7. Res.Ch. 90, 1974.)
Cal. Const. art. IX, § 7.5 — Article IX / Section 7.5
California Constitution Article IX, Section 7.5
Status: in_force

The State Board of Education shall adopt textbooks for use in grades one through eight throughout the State, to be furnished without cost as provided by statute. (Sec. 7.5 added June 2, 1970, by Prop. 6. Res.Ch. 358, 1969.)
Cal. Const. art. VII, § 8 — Article VII / Section 8
California Constitution Article VII, Section 8
Status: in_force

(a) Every person shall be disqualified from holding any office of profit in this State who shall have been convicted of having given or offered a bribe to procure personal election or appointment. (b) Laws shall be made to exclude persons convicted of bribery, perjury, forgery, malfeasance in office, or other high crimes from office or serving on juries. The privilege of free suffrage shall be supported by laws regulating elections and prohibiting, under adequate penalties, all undue influence thereon from power, bribery, tumult, or other improper practice. (Sec. 8 added June 8, 1976, by Prop. 14. Res.Ch. 5, 1976.)
Cal. Const. art. XIII, § 34 — Article XIII / Section 34
California Constitution Article XIII, Section 34
Status: in_force

Neither the State of California nor any of its political subdivisions shall levy or collect a sales or use tax on the sale of, or the storage, use or other consumption in this State of food products for human consumption except as provided by statute as of the effective date of this section. (Sec. 34 added Nov. 3, 1992, by Prop. 163. Initiative measure. Effective Jan. 1, 1993.)
Cal. Const. art. II, § 10 — Article II / Section 10
California Constitution Article II, Section 10
Status: in_force

(a) An initiative statute or referendum approved by a majority of votes cast thereon takes effect on the fifth day after the Secretary of State files the statement of the vote for the election at which the measure is voted on, but the measure may provide that it becomes operative after its effective date. If a referendum petition is filed against a part of a statute, the remainder of the statute shall not be delayed from going into effect. (b) If provisions of two or more measures approved at the same election conflict, the provisions of the measure receiving the highest number of affirmative votes shall prevail. (c) The Legislature may amend or repeal a referendum statute. The Legislature may amend or repeal an initiative statute by another statute that becomes effective only when approved by the electors unless the initiative statute permits amendment or repeal without the electors’ approval. (d) Before circulation of an initiative or referendum petition for signatures, a copy shall be submitted to the Attorney General who shall prepare a title and summary of the measure as provided by law. (e) The Legislature shall provide for the manner in which a petition shall be circulated, presented, and certified, and the manner in which a measure shall be submitted to the electors. (Sec. 10 amended June 5, 2018, by Prop. 71. Res.Ch. 190, 2017.)
Cal. Const. art. XIV, § 2 — Article XIV / Section 2
California Constitution Article XIV, Section 2
Status: in_force

Worktime of mechanics or workers on public works may not exceed eight hours a day except in wartime or extraordinary emergencies that endanger life or property. The Legislature shall provide for enforcement of this section. (Sec. 2 added June 8, 1976, by Prop. 14. Res.Ch. 5, 1976.)
Cal. Const. art. XIII, § 3.5 — Article XIII / Section 3.5
California Constitution Article XIII, Section 3.5
Status: in_force

In any year in which the assessment ratio is changed, the Legislature shall adjust the valuation of assessable property described in subdivisions (o), (p) and (q) of Section 3 of this article to maintain the same proportionate values of such property. (Sec. 3.5 added Nov. 6, 1979, by Prop. 3. Res.Ch. 85, 1978.)
Cal. Const. art. XVI, § 14.5 — Article XVI / Section 14.5
California Constitution Article XVI, Section 14.5
Status: in_force

The Legislature may provide for the issuance of revenue bonds to finance the acquisition, construction, and installation of facilities utilizing cogeneration technology, solar power, biomass, or any other alternative source the Legislature may deem appropriate, including the acquisition of all technological facilities necessary or convenient for the use of alternative sources, and for the lease or sale of such facilities to persons, associations, or corporations, other than municipal corporations; provided, that such revenue bonds shall not be secured by the taxing power of the State; and provided, further, that the Legislature may, by resolution adopted by both houses, prohibit or limit any proposed issuance of such revenue bonds. No provision of this Constitution, including, but not limited to, Sections 1, 2, and 6, of this article, shall be construed as a limitation upon the authority granted to the Legislature pursuant to this section. Nothing contained herein shall authorize any public agency to operate any industrial or commercial enterprise. (Sec. 14.5 added June 3, 1980, by Prop. 8. Res.Ch. 1, 1980.)
Cal. Const. art. XVI, § 5 — Article XVI / Section 5
California Constitution Article XVI, Section 5
Status: in_force

Neither the Legislature, nor any county, city and county, township, school district, or other municipal corporation, shall ever make an appropriation, or pay from any public fund whatever, or grant anything to or in aid of any religious sect, church, creed, or sectarian purpose, or help to support or sustain any school, college, university, hospital, or other institution controlled by any religious creed, church, or sectarian denomination whatever; nor shall any grant or donation of personal property or real estate ever be made by the State, or any city, city and county, town, or other municipal corporation for any religious creed, church, or sectarian purpose whatever; provided, that nothing in this section shall prevent the Legislature granting aid pursuant to Section 3 of Article XVI. (Sec. 5 added Nov. 5, 1974, by Prop. 8. Res.Ch. 70, 1974.)
Cal. Const. art. X, § 1 — Article X / Section 1
California Constitution Article X, Section 1
Status: in_force

The right of eminent domain is hereby declared to exist in the State to all frontages on the navigable waters of this State. (Sec. 1 added June 8, 1976, by Prop. 14. Res.Ch. 5, 1976.)
Cal. Const. art. IV, § 18 — Article IV / Section 18
California Constitution Article IV, Section 18
Status: in_force

(a) The Assembly has the sole power of impeachment. Impeachments shall be tried by the Senate. A person may not be convicted unless, by rollcall vote entered in the journal, two thirds of the membership of the Senate concurs. (b) State officers elected on a statewide basis, members of the State Board of Equalization, and judges of state courts are subject to impeachment for misconduct in office. Judgment may extend only to removal from office and disqualification to hold any office under the State, but the person convicted or acquitted remains subject to criminal punishment according to law. (Sec. 18 added Nov. 8, 1966, by Prop. 1-a. Res.Ch. 139, 1966 1st Ex. Sess.)
Cal. Const. art. XII, § 2 — Article XII / Section 2
California Constitution Article XII, Section 2
Status: in_force

Subject to statute and due process, the commission may establish its own procedures. Any commissioner as designated by the commission may hold a hearing or investigation or issue an order subject to commission approval. (Sec. 2 added Nov. 5, 1974, by Prop. 12. Res.Ch. 88, 1974.)
Cal. Const. art. XXI, § 4 — Article XXI / Section 4
California Constitution Article XXI, Section 4
Status: in_force

(a) It is the policy of the State of California to support the use of fair, independent, and nonpartisan redistricting commissions nationwide. The people of the State of California call on the Congress of the United States to pass federal legislation and propose an amendment of the United States Constitution to require the use of fair, independent, and nonpartisan redistricting commissions nationwide. (b) In response to the congressional redistricting in Texas in 2025, and notwithstanding any other provision of this Constitution or existing law, the single-member districts for Congress reflected in Assembly Bill 604 of the 2025–26 Regular Session pursuant to the requirements of Chapter 5 (commencing with Section 21400) of Division 21 of the Elections Code shall temporarily be used for every congressional election for a term of office commencing on or after the date this subdivision becomes operative and before the certification of new congressional boundary lines drawn by the Citizens Redistricting Commission pursuant to subdivision (d). (c) (1) The Attorney General has the sole legal standing to defend any action regarding a congressional district map adopted pursuant to subdivision (b). (2) The California Supreme Court has original and exclusive jurisdiction in all proceedings in which a congressional district map adopted pursuant to subdivision (b) is challenged. (d) The Citizens Redistricting Commission established pursuant to Section 1 shall continue to adjust the boundary lines of the congressional, State Senatorial, Assembly, and Board of Equalization districts in conformance with the standards and process set forth in Section 2 in 2031, and every 10 years thereafter as provided in Section 1. (Sec. 4 added Nov. 5, 2025, by Prop. 50. Res.Ch. 156, 2025. Effective December 17, 2025.)
Cal. Const. art. XVI, § 11 — Article XVI / Section 11
California Constitution Article XVI, Section 11
Status: in_force

The Legislature has plenary power to provide for the administration of any constitutional provisions or laws heretofore or hereafter enacted concerning the administration of relief, and to that end may modify, transfer, or enlarge the powers vested in any state agency or officer concerned with the administration of relief or laws appertaining thereto. The Legislature, or the people by initiative, shall have power to amend, alter, or repeal any law relating to the relief of hardship and destitution, whether such hardship and destitution results from unemployment or from other causes, or to provide for the administration of the relief of hardship and destitution, whether resulting from unemployment or from other causes, either directly by the State or through the counties of the State, and to grant such aid to the counties therefor, or make such provision for reimbursement of the counties by the State, as the Legislature deems proper. (Sec. 11 amended Nov. 6, 1962, by Prop. 16. Res.Ch. 255, 1961.)
Cal. Const. art. IV, § 8.5 — Article IV / Section 8.5
California Constitution Article IV, Section 8.5
Status: in_force

An act amending an initiative statute, an act providing for the issuance of bonds, or a constitutional amendment proposed by the Legislature and submitted to the voters for approval may not do either of the following: (a) Include or exclude any political subdivision of the State from the application or effect of its provisions based upon approval or disapproval of the measure, or based upon the casting of a specified percentage of votes in favor of the measure, by the electors of that political subdivision. (b) Contain alternative or cumulative provisions wherein one or more of those provisions would become law depending upon the casting of a specified percentage of votes for or against the measure. (Sec. 8.5 added June 2, 1998, by Prop. 219. Res.Ch. 34, 1996.)
Cal. Const. art. XIII, § 30 — Article XIII / Section 30
California Constitution Article XIII, Section 30
Status: in_force

Every tax shall be conclusively presumed to have been paid after 30 years from the time it became a lien unless the property subject to the lien has been sold in the manner provided by the Legislature for the payment of the tax. (Sec. 30 added Nov. 5, 1974, by Prop. 8. Res.Ch. 70. 1974.)
Cal. Const. art. V, § 3 — Article V / Section 3
California Constitution Article V, Section 3
Status: in_force

The Governor shall report to the Legislature each calendar year on the condition of the State and may make recommendations. (Sec. 3 amended Nov. 7, 1972, by Prop. 4. Res.Ch. 81, 1972.)
Cal. Const. art. XIX, § 1 — Article XIX / Section 1
California Constitution Article XIX, Section 1
Status: in_force

The Legislature shall not borrow revenue from the Highway Users Tax Account, or its successor, and shall not use these revenues for purposes, or in ways, other than those specifically permitted by this article. (Sec. 1 added Nov. 2, 2010, by Prop. 22. Initiative measure.)
Cal. Const. art. I, § 29 — Article I / Section 29
California Constitution Article I, Section 29
Status: in_force

In a criminal case, the people of the State of California have the right to due process of law and to a speedy and public trial. (Sec. 29 added June 5, 1990, by Prop. 115. Initiative measure.)
Cal. Const. art. II, § 7 — Article II / Section 7
California Constitution Article II, Section 7
Status: in_force

Voting shall be secret. (Sec. 7 renumbered from Sec. 6 on June 8, 1976, by Prop. 14. Res.Ch. 5, 1976.)
Cal. Const. art. V, § 10 — Article V / Section 10
California Constitution Article V, Section 10
Status: in_force

The Lieutenant Governor shall become Governor when a vacancy occurs in the office of Governor. The Lieutenant Governor shall act as Governor during the impeachment, absence from the State, or other temporary disability of the Governor or of a Governor-elect who fails to take office. The Legislature shall provide an order of precedence after the Lieutenant Governor for succession to the office of Governor and for the temporary exercise of the Governor’s functions. The Supreme Court has exclusive jurisdiction to determine all questions arising under this section. Standing to raise questions of vacancy or temporary disability is vested exclusively in a body provided by statute. (Sec. 10 amended Nov. 5, 1974, by Prop. 11. Res.Ch. 96, 1974.)
Cal. Const. art. XIII, § 7 — Article XIII / Section 7
California Constitution Article XIII, Section 7
Status: in_force

The Legislature, two-thirds of the membership of each house concurring, may authorize county boards of supervisors to exempt real property having a full value so low that, if not exempt, the total taxes and applicable subventions on the property would amount to less than the cost of assessing and collecting them. (Sec. 7 added Nov. 5, 1974, by Prop. 8. Res.Ch. 70, 1974.)
Cal. Const. art. XXI, § 3 — Article XXI / Section 3
California Constitution Article XXI, Section 3
Status: in_force

(a) The commission has the sole legal standing to defend any action regarding a certified final map, and shall inform the Legislature if it determines that funds or other resources provided for the operation of the commission are not adequate. The Legislature shall provide adequate funding to defend any action regarding a certified map. The commission has sole authority to determine whether the Attorney General or other legal counsel retained by the commission shall assist in the defense of a certified final map. (b) (1) The California Supreme Court has original and exclusive jurisdiction in all proceedings in which a certified final map is challenged or is claimed not to have taken timely effect. (2) Any registered voter in this state may file a petition for a writ of mandate or writ of prohibition, within 45 days after the commission has certified a final map to the Secretary of State, to bar the Secretary of State from implementing the plan on the grounds that the filed plan violates this Constitution, the United States Constitution, or any federal or state statute. Any registered voter in this state may also file a petition for a writ of mandate or writ of prohibition to seek relief where a certified final map is subject to a referendum measure that is likely to qualify and stay the timely implementation of the map. (3) The California Supreme Court shall give priority to ruling on a petition for a writ of mandate or a writ of prohibition filed pursuant to paragraph (2). If the court determines that a final certified map violates this Constitution, the United States Constitution, or any federal or state statute, the court shall fashion the relief that it deems appropriate, including, but not limited to, the relief set forth in subdivision (j) of Section 2. (Sec. 3 amended Nov. 2, 2010, by Prop. 20. Initiative measure.)
Cal. Const. art. II, § 5 — Article II / Section 5
California Constitution Article II, Section 5
Status: in_force

(a) A voter-nomination primary election shall be conducted to select the candidates for congressional and state elective offices in California. All voters may vote at a voter-nominated primary election for any candidate for congressional and state elective office without regard to the political party preference disclosed by the candidate or the voter, provided that the voter is otherwise qualified to vote for candidates for the office in question. The candidates who are the top two vote-getters at a voter-nominated primary election for a congressional or state elective office shall, regardless of party preference, compete in the ensuing general election. (b) Except as otherwise provided by Section 6, a candidate for a congressional or state elective office may have his or her political party preference, or lack of political party preference, indicated upon the ballot for the office in the manner provided by statute. A political party or party central committee shall not nominate a candidate for any congressional or state elective office at the voter-nominated primary. This subdivision shall not be interpreted to prohibit a political party or party central committee from endorsing, supporting, or opposing any candidate for a congressional or state elective office. A political party or party central committee shall not have the right to have its preferred candidate participate in the general election for a voter-nominated office other than a candidate who is one of the two highest vote-getters at the primary election, as provided in subdivision (a). (c) The Legislature shall provide for partisan elections for presidential candidates, and political party and party central committees, including an open presidential primary whereby the candidates on the ballot are those found by the Secretary of State to be recognized candidates throughout the nation or throughout California for the office of President of the United States, and those whose names are placed on the ballot by petition, but excluding any candidate who has withdrawn by filing an affidavit of noncandidacy. (d) A political party that participated in a primary election for a partisan office pursuant to subdivision (c) has the right to participate in the general election for that office and shall not be denied the ability to place on the general election ballot the candidate who received, at the primary election, the highest vote among that party’s candidates. (Sec. 5 amended June 8, 2010, by Prop. 14. Res.Ch. 2, 2009. Operative Jan. 1, 2011.)
Cal. Const. art. X, § 2 — Article X / Section 2
California Constitution Article X, Section 2
Status: in_force

It is hereby declared that because of the conditions prevailing in this State the general welfare requires that the water resources of the State be put to beneficial use to the fullest extent of which they are capable, and that the waste or unreasonable use or unreasonable method of use of water be prevented, and that the conservation of such waters is to be exercised with a view to the reasonable and beneficial use thereof in the interest of the people and for the public welfare. The right to water or to the use or flow of water in or from any natural stream or water course in this State is and shall be limited to such water as shall be reasonably required for the beneficial use to be served, and such right does not and shall not extend to the waste or unreasonable use or unreasonable method of use or unreasonable method of diversion of water. Riparian rights in a stream or water course attach to, but to no more than so much of the flow thereof as may be required or used consistently with this section, for the purposes for which such lands are, or may be made adaptable, in view of such reasonable and beneficial uses; provided, however, that nothing herein contained shall be construed as depriving any riparian owner of the reasonable use of water of the stream to which the owner’s land is riparian under reasonable methods of diversion and use, or as depriving any appropriator of water to which the appropriator is lawfully entitled. This section shall be self-executing, and the Legislature may also enact laws in the furtherance of the policy in this section contained. (Sec. 2 added June 8, 1976, by Prop. 14. Res.Ch. 5, 1976.)