# newdoc_id = 012debf5a240a496518af146ddfc16c958339c2b 1 Background _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 EU _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 4 Decision _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 1082/2013 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 EU _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 serious _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 cross _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 border _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 threats _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 provides _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 legal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 basis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 collaboration _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 EU _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 Member _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 States _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 international _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 European _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 level _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 institutions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 preparedness _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 prevention _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 mitigation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 event _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 public _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 emergency _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 50 Decision _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 provides _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 context _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 present _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 60 aims _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 identify _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 good _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 practices _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 lessons _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 learned _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 68 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 preparedness _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 response _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 Middle _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 East _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 Respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 Syndrome _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 MERS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 UK _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 Greece _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 Spain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 poliomyelitis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 Poland _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 Cyprus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 Methods _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 99 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 Based _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 101 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 documentary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 review _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 followed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 107 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 five _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 week _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 long _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 country _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 visits _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 involving _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 115 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 total _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 61 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 interviews _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 group _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 discussions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 experts _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 both _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 non _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 sectors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 136 qualitative _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 case _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 investigated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 six _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 issues _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 related _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 144 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 preparedness _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 response _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 MERS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 poliomyelitis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 national _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 154 plans _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 overall _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 preparedness _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 capacity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 ; _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 training _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 exercises _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 ; _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 risk _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 communication _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 ; _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 linking _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 policy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 implementation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 ; _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 interoperability _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 non _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 sectors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 ; _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 cross _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 border _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 collaboration _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 Results _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 189 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 Preparedness _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 191 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 response _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 plans _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 MERS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 poliomyelitis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 place _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 participating _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 countries _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 207 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 high _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 level _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 211 technical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 expertise _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 available _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 214 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 215 implement _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 216 them _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 217 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 218 Nevertheless _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 219 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 220 formal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 221 evaluation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 222 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 223 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 224 responses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 225 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 226 previous _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 227 public _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 228 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 229 emergencies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 230 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 231 sometimes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 232 been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 233 limited _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 234 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 235 so _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 236 lessons _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 237 learned _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 238 may _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 239 not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 240 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 241 reflected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 242 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 243 updated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 244 plans _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 245 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 246 thereby _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 247 risking _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 248 mistakes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 249 being _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 250 repeated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 251 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 252 future _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 253 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 254 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 255 nature _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 256 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 257 extent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 258 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 259 intersectoral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 260 collaboration _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 261 varied _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 262 according _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 263 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 264 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 265 sectors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 266 involved _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 267 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 268 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 269 those _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 270 sectors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 271 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 272 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 273 traditionally _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 274 had _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 275 good _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 276 collaboration _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 277 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 278 e.g. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 279 animal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 280 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 281 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 282 food _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 283 safety _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 284 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 285 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 286 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 287 well _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 288 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 289 those _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 290 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 291 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 292 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 293 financial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 294 incentive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 295 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 296 controlling _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 297 infectious _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 298 diseases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 299 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 300 e.g. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 301 agriculture _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 302 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 303 tourism _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 304 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 305 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 306 air _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 307 travel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 308 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 309 seen _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 310 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 311 most _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 312 likely _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 313 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 314 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 315 integrated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 316 public _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 317 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 318 preparedness _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 319 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 320 response _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 321 plans _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 322 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 323 Although _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 324 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 325 formal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 326 protocols _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 327 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 328 inter _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 329 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 330 sectoral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 331 collaboration _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 332 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 333 not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 334 always _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 335 up _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 336 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 337 date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 338 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 339 good _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 340 personal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 341 relations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 342 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 343 reported _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 344 within _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 345 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 346 relevant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 347 professional _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 348 networks _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 349 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 350 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 351 could _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 352 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 353 brought _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 354 into _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 355 play _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 356 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 357 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 358 event _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 359 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 360 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 361 public _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 362 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 363 emergency _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 364 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 365 Cross _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 366 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 367 border _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 368 collaboration _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 369 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 370 greatly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 371 facilitated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 372 if _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 373 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 374 neighbouring _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 375 country _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 376 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 377 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 378 fellow _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 379 EU _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 380 Member _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 381 State _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 382 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 01fe9408aa72a025bad89a695b389c4e509ed67d 1 Low _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 middle _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 income _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 countries _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 where _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 10 emerging _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 diseases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 often _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 make _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 debut _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 18 also _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 likely _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 bear _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 harshest _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 consequences _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 potential _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 influenza _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 pandemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 Yet _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 32 public _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 systems _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 developing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 countries _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 underfunded _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 understaffed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 many _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 cases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 struggling _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 deal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 existing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 burden _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 As _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 58 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 result _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 developed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 countries _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 beginning _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 expand _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 assistance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 emergency _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 preparedness _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 developing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 world _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 Given _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 77 developing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78-79 countries' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 countries _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 ' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 weak _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 infrastructure _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 many _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 competing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 public _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 priorities _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 it _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 90 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 clear _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 how _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 best _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 direct _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 these _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 resources _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 Evidence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 101 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 U.S. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 developed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 countries _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 suggests _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 110 some _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 investments _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 bioterror _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 pandemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 emergency _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 preparedness _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 although _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 120 initially _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 implemented _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 vertical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 programs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 127 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 potential _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 strengthen _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 general _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 public _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 infrastructure _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 138 experience _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 may _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 hold _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 some _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 lessons _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 how _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 145 global _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 funds _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 emergency _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 preparedness _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 could _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 invested _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 developing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 countries _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 157 support _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 struggling _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 public _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 systems _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 163 responding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 current _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 priorities _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 well _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 potential _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 future _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 public _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 threats _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 178 Am _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 J _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 Prev _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 Med _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 2008;34(6):529 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 -534 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 03531faa11b00259bcee616d1e215af33ba66bb8 1 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 analysis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 26 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 longevity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 curves _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 different _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 populations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 inbred _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 Fischer _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 344 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 outbred _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 Sprague _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 Dawley _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 rats _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 highlighted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 remarkable _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 betweenpopulations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 variability _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 survival _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 parameters _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 34 variability _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 independent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 breeding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 characteristics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 strain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 46 two _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 strains _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 differed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 slope _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 survival _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 curves _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 Fischer _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 344 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 rats _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 showing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 62 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 higher _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 survival _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 over _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 second _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 year _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 life _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 well _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 lower _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 interindividual _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 variability _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 80 model _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 free _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 approach _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 based _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 85 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 principal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 component _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 analysis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 allowed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 90 us _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 quantify _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 these _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 differences _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 highlight _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 some _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 limitations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 classical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 Gompertzian _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 approach _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 03706c8c363d9a1885deda1355c2874858dba87c 1 BACKGROUND _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 4 many _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 jurisdictions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 public _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 authorities _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 implemented _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 travel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 restrictions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 14 reduce _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 coronavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 2019 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 spread _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 Previous _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 24 research _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 considered _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 impact _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 international _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 travel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 restrictions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 dynamics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 but _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 38 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 response _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 pandemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 policies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 46 restrict _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 travel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 within _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 countries _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 51 also _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 implemented _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 56 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 impact _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 these _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 restrictions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 less _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 well _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 studied _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 On _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 67 May _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 th _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 2020 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 Newfoundland _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 Labrador _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 NL _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 implemented _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 travel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 restrictions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 such _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 83 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 non _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 residents _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 required _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 exemptions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 93 enter _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 province _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 METHODS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 98 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 100 fit _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 stochastic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 epidemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 model _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 data _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 describing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 108 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 active _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 cases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 NL _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 March _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 14 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 th _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 -May _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 th _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 125 then _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 predicted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 possible _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 outbreaks _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 over _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 weeks _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 subsequent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 May _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 th _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 without _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 travel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 restrictions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 physical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 distancing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 scenarios _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 ranging _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 152 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 40 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 70 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 reduction _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 daily _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 contact _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 rate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 relative _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 pre _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 pandemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 levels _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 RESULTS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 173 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 175 find _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 177 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 mean _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 clinical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 cases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 would _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 12.4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 times _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 higher _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 without _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 travel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 restrictions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 Furthermore _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 196 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 without _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 travel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 restrictions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 there _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 substantial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 risk _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 very _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 large _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 outbreaks _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 211 INTERPRETATION _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 212 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 Using _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 214 epidemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 215 modelling _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 216 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 217 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 218 show _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 219 how _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 220 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 221 NL _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 222 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 223 outbreak _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 224 could _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 225 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 226 unfolded _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 227 had _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 228 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 229 travel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 230 restrictions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 231 not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 232 been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 233 implemented _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 234 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 235 Both _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 236 physical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 237 distancing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 238 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 239 travel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 240 restrictions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 241 affect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 242 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 243 local _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 244 dynamics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 245 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 246 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 247 epidemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 248 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 249 Our _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 250 modelling _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 251 shows _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 252 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 253 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 254 travel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 255 restrictions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 256 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 257 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 258 plausible _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 259 reason _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 260 why _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 261 there _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 262 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 263 so _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 264 few _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 265 reported _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 266 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 267 cases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 268 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 269 NL _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 270 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 271 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 272 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 273 weeks _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 274 after _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 275 May _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 276 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 277 th _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 278 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 04863be13c7778ac3779da61eba8b49a510d9f40 1 Case _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 isolation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 contact _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 tracing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 can _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 contribute _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 control _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 outbreaks _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 However _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 16 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 it _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 remains _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 unclear _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 how _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 real _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 world _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 networks _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 could _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 influence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 effectiveness _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 efficiency _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 such _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 approaches _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 To _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 36 address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 issue _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 41 simulated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 control _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 strategies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 SARS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 CoV-2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 real _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 world _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 05fd3c2c2f6d9d9101d3007cecdf5cfd472de515 1 Recently _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 popularity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 smart _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 wearable _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 technologies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 such _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 11 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 Fitbit _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 15 significantly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 increased _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 There _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 19 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 numerous _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 potential _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 benefits _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 24 using _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 these _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 devices _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 especially _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 29 among _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 seniors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 Yet _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 33 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 little _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 known _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 about _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38-39 seniors' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 seniors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 ' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 adoption _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 behavior _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 Through _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 44 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 mixed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 methods _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 approach _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 investigates _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 factors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 56 impact _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57-58 seniors' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 seniors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 ' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 intention _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 61 use _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 wearable _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 devices _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 Results _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 66 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 online _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 survey _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 interviews _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 showed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 74-75 seniors' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 seniors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 ' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 perception _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 complexity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 81 working _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 these _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 devices _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 86 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 barrier _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 adoption _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 decisions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 Looking _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 94 more _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 deeply _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 into _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 role _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 complexity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 revealed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 103-104 seniors' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 seniors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 ' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 concern _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 about _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 complexity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 110 reading _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 interpreting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 output _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 wearable _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 devices _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 119 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 main _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 deterring _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 element _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 Furthermore _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 125 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 explored _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 role _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 two _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 important _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 elements _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135-136 seniors' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 seniors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 136 ' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 cognitive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 age _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 influence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 subjective _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 well _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 being _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 adoption _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 behavior _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 Results _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 155 demonstrated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 157 cognitive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 age _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 does _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 significantly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 impact _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 use _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 intention _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 itself _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 ; _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 nonetheless _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 169 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 subjective _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 wellbeing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 moderates _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 its _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 effect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 177 result _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 revealed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 interesting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 finding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 184 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 influence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 cognitive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 age _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192-193 seniors' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 seniors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 ' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 use _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 intention _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 depends _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198-199 seniors' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 seniors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 ' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 level _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 subjective _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 well _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 being _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 When _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 208-209 seniors' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 seniors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 ' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 subjective _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 211 well _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 being _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 214 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 215 low _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 216 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 217 surprisingly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 218 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 219 cognitive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 220 age _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 221 increases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 222-223 seniors' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 222 seniors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 223 ' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 224 intention _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 225 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 226 use _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 227 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 228 device _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 229 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 230 These _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 231 findings _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 232 provide _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 233 interesting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 234 implications _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 235 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 236 practice _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 237 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 238 future _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 239 research _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 240 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 066178ded1d6d540be366e6468bc01e78e605a81 1 Genotyping _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 avian _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 infectious _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 bronchitis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 IBV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 performed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 trachea _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 kidney _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 samples _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 six _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 chickens _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 obtained _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 21 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 single _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 farm _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 Japan _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 Using _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 29 two _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 primer _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 sets _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 targeting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 33 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 spike _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 S _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 protein _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 gene _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 42 S1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 S2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 regions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 DNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 fragments _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 amplified _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 Sequences _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 53 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 amplified _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 S1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 fragments _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 extracted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 58 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 both _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 organs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 62 identical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 among _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 six _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 chickens _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 showing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 69 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 JP _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 genotype _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 Sequences _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 76 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 amplified _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 S2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 fragments _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 differed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 trachea _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 kidney _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 samples _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 88 kidney _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 profile _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 showed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 group _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 IV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 genotype _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 whereas _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 97 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 trachea _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 profile _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 showed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 unclassified _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 group _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 106 result _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 showed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 109 two _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 different _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 IBVs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 infected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 six _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 chickens _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 118 first _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 IBV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 induced _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 poor _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 protective _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 immunity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 farm _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 permitting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 130 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 second _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 IBV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 occur _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 08792e906a1020ea71007183b91e581d378a9261 1 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 time _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 epidemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 Italy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 found _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 unprepared _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 manage _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 lockdown _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 patients _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 chronic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 diseases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 due _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 21 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 limited _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 availability _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 diffusion _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 large _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 scale _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 telemedicine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 solutions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 34 scattered _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 distribution _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 heterogeneity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 available _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 tools _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 lack _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 integration _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 electronic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 record _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 national _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 system _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 poor _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 interconnection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 telemedicine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 services _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 operating _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 64 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 different _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 levels _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 69 lack _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 real _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 multidisciplinary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 approach _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77-78 patient's _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 patient _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 's _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 management _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 heavy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 privacy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 regulations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 lack _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 clear _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 guidelines _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 together _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 lack _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 reimbursement _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 all _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 hinder _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 implementation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 effective _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 telemedicine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 solutions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 long _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 term _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111-112 patients' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 patients _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 ' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 management _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 116 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 epidemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 should _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 help _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 promote _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 better _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 use _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 larger _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 integration _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 telemedicine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 services _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 armamentarium _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 care _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 services _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 Telemedicine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 139 must _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 no _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 longer _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 considered _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 option _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 add _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 152 react _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 emergency _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 08cd7c215584f4c46d198988d3b3feb276067552 1 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 emergence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 Severe _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 Acute _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 Respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 Syndrome _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 coronavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 SARS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 CoV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 Middle _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 East _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 Respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 Syndrome _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 coronavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 MERS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 CoV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 two _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 27 strains _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 animal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 coronaviruses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 32 crossed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 species _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 barrier _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 37 infect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 cause _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 severe _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 infections _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 humans _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 within _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 last _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 12 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 years _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 52 taught _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 us _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 coronaviruses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 represent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 global _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 threat _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 61 does _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 recognize _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 international _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 borders _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 68 can _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 expect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 see _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 novel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 coronaviruses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 emerge _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 future _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 An _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 81 ideal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 animal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 model _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 should _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 reflect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 clinical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 signs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 viral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 replication _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 pathology _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 seen _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 95 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 humans _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 99 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 review _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 present _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 factors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 106 consider _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 108 establishing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 animal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 model _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 novel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 coronaviruses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 119 compare _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 different _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 animal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 models _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 125 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 employed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 129 study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 SARS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 CoV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 MERS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 CoV. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 SARS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 138 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 CoV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 shown _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 infect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 rhesus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 macaques _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 [ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 22 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 23 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 ] _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 cynomolgus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 macaques _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 [ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 22 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 ] _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 [ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 23 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 ] _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 [ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 24 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 ] _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 [ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 25 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 ] _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 [ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 26 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 ] _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 African _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 green _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 monkeys _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 AGMs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 [ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 22 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 ] _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 Clinical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 180 signs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 viral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 replication _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 pathology _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 depended _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 upon _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 species _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 There _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 192 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 least _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 one _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 report _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 pneumonitis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 each _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 species _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 but _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 203 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 findings _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 non _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 human _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 primates _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 211 NHPs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 214 variable _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 215 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 216 likely _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 217 because _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 218 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 219 genetic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 220 Gretebeck _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 221 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 222 Subbarao _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 0982121b27ae7070996973d0c3d892fe432e8b2a 1 Background _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 Surgical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 3 site _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 infections _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 SSI _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 commonest _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 healthcare _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 associated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 infections _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 They _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 16 severely _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 compromise _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 patient _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 safety _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 22 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 significant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 burden _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 healthcare _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 resources _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 29 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 adverse _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 impact _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 patient _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 quality _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 life _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 40 incidence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 SSIs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 can _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 high _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 10 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 after _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 colorectal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 procedures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 55 laparoscopic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 approach _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 being _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 increasingly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 used _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 62 undertake _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 colorectal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 procedures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 It _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 67 provides _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 advantages _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 over _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 traditional _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 open _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 approach _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 smaller _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 incisions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 shorter _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 hospital _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 stay _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 equal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 oncological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 outcomes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 87 aim _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 meta _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 analysis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 evaluate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 whether _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 laparoscopic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 approach _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 colorectal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 procedures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 reduces _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 incidence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 SSI _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 compared _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 109 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 open _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 approach _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 Methods _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 115 Randomised _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 116 controlled _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 trials _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 RCTs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 comparing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 122 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 two _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 approaches _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 published _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 126 since _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 2000 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 129 included _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 review _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 Revman _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 135 5.3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 software _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 used _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 140 carry _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 out _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 review _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 Data _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 146 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 pooled _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 149 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 results _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 shown _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 risk _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 ratios _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 95 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 confidence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 intervals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 using _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 162 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 fixed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 effects _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 model _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 Results _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 168 Sixteen _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 169-170 RCT's _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 RCT _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 's _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 included _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 analysis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 comprising _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 177 5797 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 patients _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 These _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 181 covered _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 range _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 colorectal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 pathologies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 including _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 188 colon _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 cancer _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 rectal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 cancer _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 inflammatory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 bowel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 familial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 adenomatous _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 polyposis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 syndrome _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 Analysis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 204 showed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 significantly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 lower _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 wound _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 rates _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 211 RR _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 0.72 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 214 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 215 95 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 216 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 217 confidence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 218 interval _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 219 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 220 0.60 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 221 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 222 0.88 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 223 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 224 p _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 225 = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 226 0.001 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 227 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 228 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 229 lower _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 230 abdominal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 231 abscess _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 232 rates _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 233 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 234 RR _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 235 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 236 0.88 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 237 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 238 95 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 239 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 240 CI _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 241 0.62 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 242 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 243 1.27 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 244 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 245 p _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 246 = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 247 0.51 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 248 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 249 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 250 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 251 combined _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 252 SSI _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 253 rate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 254 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 255 significantly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 256 lower _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 257 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 258 laparoscopic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 259 compared _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 260 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 261 open _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 262 surgery _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 263 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 264 RR _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 265 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 266 0.76 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 267 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 268 95 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 269 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 270 CI _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 271 0.64 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 272 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 273 0.90 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 274 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 275 p _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 276 = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 277 0.001 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 278 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 279 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 280 Conclusions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 281 Laparoscopic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 282 colorectal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 283 surgery _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 284 significantly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 285 lowers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 286 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 287 incidence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 288 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 289 SSI _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 290 compared _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 291 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 292 open _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 293 surgery _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 294 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 09a248034a8e29a2341c707ef66771cda8bd7b1b 1 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 paper _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 authors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 question _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 whether _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 development _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 vaccine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 against _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 cryptosporidiosis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 could _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 taken _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 into _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 consideration _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 22 necessity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 feasibility _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 such _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 vaccine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 human _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 veterinary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 application _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 discussed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 Developmental _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 38 stages _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 within _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 life _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 cycle _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 parasite _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 47 might _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 act _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 possible _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 targets _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 vaccine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 development _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 56 summarised _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 well _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 target _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 antigens _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 oered _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 65 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 molecular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 biology _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 immunology _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 studies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 Vaccination _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 73 trials _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 against _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 cryptosporidiosis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 carried _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 77 out _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 so _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 far _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 including _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 82 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 active _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 passive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 immunisation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 approach _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 90 also _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 overviewed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 It _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 94 seems _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 respect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 Cryptosporidium _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 vaccine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 two _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 target _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 groups _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 can _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 considered _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 children _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 110 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 developing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 world _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 neonatal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 ruminants _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 Antigens _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 119 representing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 120 possible _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 candidates _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 subunit _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 vaccine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 127 identi _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 ® _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 based _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 131 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 function _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 location _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 and/or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 immune _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 response _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 they _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 141 evoke _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 While _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 144 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 active _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 vaccination _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 newborn _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 calves _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 lambs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 goat _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 kids _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 face _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 important _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 limitations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 165 passive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 immunisation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 approach _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 where _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 170 dams _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 immunised _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 174 protect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 progeny _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 colostral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 transfer _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 182 proven _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 valuable _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 alternative _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 Finally _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 190 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 points _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 action _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 near _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 future _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 put _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 forward _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 # _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes # newdoc_id = 09be942d1b5283b42743406c8fa6dddeb08b38cc 1 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 December _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 2019 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 novel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 coronavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 called _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 9 SARS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 CoV-2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 13 reported _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 responsible _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 cluster _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 acute _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 atypical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 pneumonia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 cases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 Wuhan _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 Hubei _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 province _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 China _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 36 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 caused _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 38 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 42 called _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 coronavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 2019 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 51 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 transmitted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 humans _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 57 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 outbreak _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 declared _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 pandemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 World _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 Health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 Organization _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 WHO _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 11 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 March _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 2020 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 Coagulopathy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 77 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 common _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 abnormality _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 patients _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 due _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 86 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 inflammation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 hypoxia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 immobilisation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 endothelial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 damage _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 diffuse _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 intravascular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 coagulation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 However _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 101 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 data _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 topic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 still _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 limited _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 Here _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 112 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 report _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 case _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 man _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 presenting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 120 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 pneumonia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 complicated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 123 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 bilateral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 pulmonary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 embolism _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 LEARNING _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 128 POINTS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 •SARS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 130 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 CoV-2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 novel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 infectious _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 agent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 138 causes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 142 can _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 manifest _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 several _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 ways _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 affecting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 149 endothelial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 cells _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 most _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 organs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 •There _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 156 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 growing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 evidenc _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 160 SARS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 CoV-2-mediated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 endothelial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 damage _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 due _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 direct _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 viral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 injury _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 systemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 inflammatory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 response _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 possibly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 together _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 cytokine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 storm _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 •As _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 185 endothelial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 damage _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 can _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 manifest _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 thromboembolic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 such _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 194 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 pulmonary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 thromboembolism _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 appropriate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 199 anti _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 thrombotic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 preventive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 strategies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 should _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 followed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 209 proper _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 screening _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 211 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 treatment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 214 thromboembolic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 215 complications _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 216 should _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 217 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 218 implemented _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 219 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 0a1f43c04e0e22fb6efbd94611920bc9680d7ae3 1 Background _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 Systemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 4 lupus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 erythematosus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 SLE _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 associated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 immunogenetic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 factors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 16 study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 planned _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 20 test _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 association _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 TNF _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 α _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 − _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 308 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 IFN _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 γ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 +874 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 gene _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 polymorphisms _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 susceptibility _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 severity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 SLE _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 Egyptian _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 cases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 Subjects _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 48 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 methods _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 52 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 case _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 controlled _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 including _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 58 125 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 Egyptian _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 cases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 SLE _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 addition _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 112 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 healthy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 unrelated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 individuals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 same _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 locality _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 For _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 76 all _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 participants _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 TNF _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 α _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 − _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 308 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 G _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 NA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 IFN _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 γ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 874 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 ANT _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 genetic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 polymorphisms _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 characterized _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 using _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 98 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 PCR _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 technique _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 Results _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 103 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 Cases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 105 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 SLE _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 showed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 significantly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 higher _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 TNF _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 α _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 −308 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 allele _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 carriage _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 rate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 120 AA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 GA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 genotypes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 compared _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 126 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 controls _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 129 26.4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 vs. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 12.5 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 p _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 0.009 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 OR _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 2.51 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 95 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 CI _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 1.26 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 4.99 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 These _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 153 cases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 showed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 also _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 significantly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 higher _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 carriage _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 rate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 IFN _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 γ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 +874 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 T _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 allele _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 170 AT _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 TT _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 genotypes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 compared _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 176 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 controls _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 179 47.2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 vs. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 32.1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 p _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 0.02 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 OR _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 1.89 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 95 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 CI _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 1.11 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 3.21 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 Comparing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 203 age _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 gender _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 severity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 presented _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 211 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 nephritis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 class _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 214 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 215 activity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 216 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 217 chronicity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 218 indices _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 219 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 220 cases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 221 carrying _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 222 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 223 TNF _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 224 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 225 α _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 226 −308 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 227 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 228 allele _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 229 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 230 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 231 cases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 232 carrying _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 233 IFN _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 234 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 235 γ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 236 +874 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 237 T _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 238 allele _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 239 versus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 240 others _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 241 showed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 242 no _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 243 significant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 244 difference _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 245 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 246 p _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 247 N _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 248 0.05 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 249 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 250 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 251 Conclusions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 252 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 253 TNF _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 254 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 255 α _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 256 −308 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 257 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 258 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 259 IFN _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 260 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 261 γ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 262 +874 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 263 T _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 264 allele _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 265 carriage _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 266 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 267 associated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 268 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 269 susceptibility _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 270 but _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 271 not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 272 severity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 273 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 274 SLE _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 275 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 276 Egyptian _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 277 subjects _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 278 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 0a28be687a48559948dfb278cb34b4ae4185e27f 1 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 purpose _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 form _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 provide _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 readers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 your _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 manuscript _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 information _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 about _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 your _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 interests _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 20 could _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 influence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 how _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 they _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 receive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 understand _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 your _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 work _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 31 form _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 designed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 35 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 completed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 electronically _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 39 stored _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 electronically _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 It _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 43 contains _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 programming _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 46 allows _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 appropriate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 data _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 display _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 Each _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 52 author _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 should _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 submit _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 separate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 form _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 59 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 responsible _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 accuracy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 completeness _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 submitted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 information _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 72 form _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 six _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 parts _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 0a6e4bc983e7a8eb31e252398f47cdaaf1e605b1 1 Serine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 proteases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 trypsin _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 like _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 family _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 long _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 recognized _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 critical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 effectors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 biological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 processes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 diverse _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 digestion _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 blood _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 coagulation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 fibrinolysis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 immunity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 34 recent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 years _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 subgroup _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 these _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 enzymes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 identified _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 anchored _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 directly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 plasma _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 membranes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 either _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 carboxy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 terminal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 transmembrane _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 domain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 Type _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 amino _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 terminal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 transmembrane _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 domain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 cytoplasmic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 extension _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 Type _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 II _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 TTSP _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 through _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 glycosylphosphatidylinositol _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 GPI _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 linkage _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 Recent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 93 biochemical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 cellular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 vivo _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 analyses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 now _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 established _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 105 membrane _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 anchored _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 serine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 proteases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 key _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 pericellular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 contributors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 processes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 vital _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 development _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 maintenance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 homeostasis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 126 chapter _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 will _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 review _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 our _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 current _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 knowledge _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 biological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 physiological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 functions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 these _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 proteases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 molecular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 substrates _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 contributions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 0a789bc7f1713d549288d3effb72ff34cd3b0ab0 1 Background _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 Host _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 4 proteases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 shown _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 play _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 important _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 roles _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 many _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 viral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 activities _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 such _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 17 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 entry _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 uncoating _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 viral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 protein _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 production _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 induction _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 Therefore _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 30 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 these _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 cellular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 proteases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 putative _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 targets _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 development _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 antivirals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 43 inhibit _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 activity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 Host _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 48 proteases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 described _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 play _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 essential _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 roles _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 Ebola _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 HCV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 HIV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 influenza _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 such _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 66 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 specific _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 protease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 inhibitors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 able _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 reduce _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 RSV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 77 utilizes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 host _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 protease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 its _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 replication _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 cycle _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 but _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 86 its _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 potential _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 antiviral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 target _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 unknown _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 Therefore _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 95 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 evaluated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 effect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 protease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 inhibitors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 RSV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 To _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 108 measure _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 sensitivity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 RSV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 protease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 inhibitors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 cells _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 119 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 infected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 RSV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 124 incubated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 18 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 h _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 presence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 absence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 inhibitors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 Cells _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 138 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 fixed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 stained _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 studied _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 using _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 145 fluorescence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 microscopy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 Results _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 149 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 Several _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 151 protease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 inhibitors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 representing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 155 different _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 classes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 proteases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 160 AEBSF _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 Pepstatin _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 E-64 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 TPCK _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 PMSF _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 aprotinin _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 175 tested _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 inhibitory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 effects _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 RSV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 A2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 HEp-2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 cells _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 Different _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 189 treatment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 durations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 ranging _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 193 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 h _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 prior _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 inoculation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 200 continuing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 18 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 h _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 during _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 assay _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 209 evaluated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 211 Of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 212 all _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 214 inhibitors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 215 tested _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 216 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 217 AEBSF _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 218 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 219 TPCK _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 220 significantly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 221 decreased _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 222 RSV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 223 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 224 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 225 To _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 226 ascertain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 227 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 228 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 229 observed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 230 effect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 231 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 232 AEBSF _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 233 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 234 not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 235 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 236 specific _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 237 feature _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 238 related _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 239 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 240 HEp-2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 241 cells _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 242 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 243 A549 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 244 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 245 BEAS-2B _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 246 cells _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 247 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 248 also _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 249 used _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 250 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 251 Similar _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 252 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 253 HEp-2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 254 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 255 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 256 almost _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 257 complete _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 258 block _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 259 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 260 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 261 number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 262 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 263 RSV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 264 infected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 265 cells _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 266 after _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 267 18 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 268 h _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 269 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 270 incubation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 271 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 272 observed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 273 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 274 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 275 effect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 276 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 277 dose _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 278 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 279 dependent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 280 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 281 To _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 282 gain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 283 insight _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 284 into _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 285 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 286 mechanism _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 287 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 288 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 289 inhibition _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 290 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 291 AEBSF _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 292 treatment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 293 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 294 applied _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 295 during _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 296 different _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 297 phases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 298 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 299 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 300 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 301 cycle _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 302 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 303 pre- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 304 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 305 peri _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 306 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 307 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 308 post _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 309 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 310 inoculation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 311 treatment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 312 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 313 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 314 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 315 results _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 316 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 317 these _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 318 experiments _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 319 indicate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 320 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 321 AEBSF _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 322 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 323 mainly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 324 active _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 325 during _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 326 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 327 early _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 328 entry _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 329 phase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 330 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 331 RSV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 332 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 333 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 334 inhibitory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 335 effect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 336 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 337 also _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 338 observed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 339 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 340 other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 341 RSV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 342 isolates _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 343 A1998/3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 344 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 345 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 346 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 347 A2000/3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 348 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 349 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 350 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 351 suggesting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 352 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 353 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 354 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 355 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 356 general _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 357 feature _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 358 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 359 RSV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 360 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 361 Conclusion _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 362 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 363 RSV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 364 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 365 can _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 366 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 367 inhibited _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 368 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 369 broad _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 370 serine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 371 protease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 372 inhibitors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 373 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 374 AEBSF _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 375 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 376 TPCK _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 377 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 378 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 379 confirmed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 380 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 381 AEBSF _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 382 inhibition _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 383 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 384 independent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 385 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 386 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 387 cell _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 388 line _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 389 used _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 390 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 391 RSV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 392 strain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 393 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 394 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 395 time _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 396 point _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 397 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 398 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 399 treatment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 400 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 401 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 402 inhibitor _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 403 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 404 most _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 405 potent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 406 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 407 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 408 found _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 409 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 410 coincide _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 411 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 412 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 413 expected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 414 moment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 415 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 416 entry _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 417 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 418 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 419 virion _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 420 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 421 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 422 host _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 423 cell _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 424 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 0a91a01d3b6084bfd02cacba098af54c2e38f374 1 Basing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 existence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 mathematically _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 sequential _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 reduction _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 three _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 compartmental _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 15 Susceptible _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 Infected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 Recovered _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 Removed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 model _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 24 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 Verhulst _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 logistic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 equation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 parameters _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 determined _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 35 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 basic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 characteristic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 epidemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 process _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 44 model _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 tested _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 application _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 recent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 data _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 outbreak _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 reported _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 57 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 European _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 Centre _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 Disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 Prevention _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 Control _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 It _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 68 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 shown _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 such _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 simple _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 model _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 adequately _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 reproduces _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 epidemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 dynamics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 only _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 qualitatively _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 but _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 countries _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 quantitatively _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 high _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 degree _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 correlation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 97 allows _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 use _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 it _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 predictive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 estimations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 106 addition _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 some _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 features _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 SIR _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 model _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 discussed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 context _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 how _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 120 its _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 parameters _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 conditions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 reflect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 measures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 attempted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 127 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 growth _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 prevention _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 133 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 also _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 clearly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 indicated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 deviations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 such _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 model _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 solutions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 0b47e798d50ce617982cb6f89dc887fb829b0fe2 1 Background _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 Due _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 4 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 covid-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 outbreak _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 social _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 distancing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 measures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 imposed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 15 control _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 spread _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 pandemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 However _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 23 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 isolation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 may _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 affect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 negatively _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 psychological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 well _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 being _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 impair _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 sleep _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 quality _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 Our _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 39 aim _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 evaluate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 sleep _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 quality _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 patients _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 during _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 covid-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 pandemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 lockdown _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 0b5b490f075aa99ce120a49126ba2ebd1e86dba7 1 Immunological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 impairment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 porcine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 circovirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 type _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 PCV2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 well _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 documented _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 pigs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 suffering _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 18 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 postweaning _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 multisystemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 wasting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 syndrome _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 Nonetheless _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 25 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 little _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 known _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 about _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 immune _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 status _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 pigs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 35 remain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 PCV2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 subclinically _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 infected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 Thus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 41 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 seven _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 pigs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 successfully _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 45 infected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 experimental _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 inoculation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 without _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 developing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 55 nine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 control _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 non _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 inoculated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 pigs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 examined _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 Serological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 65 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 virological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 immunological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 determinations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 done _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 throughout _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 ten _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 weeks _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 post _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 PI _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 At _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 83 week _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 PI _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 inoculated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 animals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 presented _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 peak _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 viremia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 95 produced _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 higher _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 levels _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 IL-10 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 than _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 controls _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 ; _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 correlation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 105 between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 viral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 load _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 IL-10 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 amounts _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 observed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 114 p _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 < _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 0.05 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 Also _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 120 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 ratio _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 IgM _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 IgG _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 suffered _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 shift _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 skewing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 IgM _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 production _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 towards _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 IgG _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 response _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 By _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 138 10 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 weeks _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 PI _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 levels _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 IL-10 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 disappeared _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 147 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 viremia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 decreased _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 152 summary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 subclinically _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 PCV2-infected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 pigs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 developed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 transient _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 PCV2-specific _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 IL-10 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 response _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 during _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 viremic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 phase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 170 coincided _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 inversion _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 IgM _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 IgG _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 ratio _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 0b8d293a1ef9f95ed9536b3aba23c5f01a344b83 1 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 Aga _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 Khan _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 University _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 largest _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 tertiary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 care _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 hospital _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 biggest _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 metropolis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 Pakistan _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 19 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 paper _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 six _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 weeks _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 experience _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 during _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 pandemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 shared _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 33 will _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 discuss _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 measures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 38 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 taken _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 mitigate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 spread _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 amongst _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 dental _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 care _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 providers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 DHCPS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 55 provide _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 neoteric _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 workflow _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 provision _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 safe _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 dental _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 care _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 67 dental _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 services _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 move _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 towards _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 normalcy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 Furthermore _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 74 topic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 such _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 76 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 fit _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 testing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 contact _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 tracing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 employee _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 training _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 88 discussed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 90 experience _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 such _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 measures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 shared _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 It _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 98 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 hoped _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 till _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 102 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 time _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 new _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 evidence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 based _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 data _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 generated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 these _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 111 communications _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 may _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 help _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 spread _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 awareness _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 117 help _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 setup _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 clinical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 protocols _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 tertiary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 care _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 settings _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 0c1b5e06659621ae2450ba60f16dcaa0cbf6389c 1 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 new _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 personal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 bioaerosol _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 sampler _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 recently _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 developed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 11 verified _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 very _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 efficient _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 monitoring _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 viable _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 airborne _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 bacteria _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 fungi _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 viruses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 28 device _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 capable _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 providing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 high _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 recovery _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 rates _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 even _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 microorganisms _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 40 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 rather _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 sensitive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 physical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 biological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 stresses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 However _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 50 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 some _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 mathematical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 procedure _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 required _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 realistic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 calculation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 actual _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 concentration _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 viable _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 bioaerosols _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 air _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 taking _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 70 into _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 account _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 rate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 inactivation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 targeted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 microorganisms _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 sampling _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 parameters _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 results _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 microbial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 analysis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 89 collecting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 liquid _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 sampler _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 96 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 paper _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 develop _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 such _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 procedure _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 along _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 model _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 aerosol _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 propagation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 outdoor _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 conditions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 Combining _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 115 these _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 procedures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 allows _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 one _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 determine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 optimal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 sampling _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 locations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 best _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 possible _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 coverage _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 area _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 134 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 monitored _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 138 hypothetical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 episode _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 concerned _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 141 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142-143 terrorists' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 terrorists _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 ' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 attack _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 during _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 music _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 concert _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 central _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 square _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 Novosibirsk _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 Russia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 157 considered _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 159 evaluate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 possible _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 coverage _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 area _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 166 sampling _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 equipment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 169 detect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 bioaerosols _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 various _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 locations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 within _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 square _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 It _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 179 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 found _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 chosen _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 bioaerosol _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 generation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 parameters _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 weather _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 conditions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 new _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 personal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 sampler _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 would _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 capable _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 reliably _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 detect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 pathogens _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 all _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 locations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 occupied _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 207 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 crowd _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 even _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 211 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 distances _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 214 up _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 215 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 216 600 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 217 m _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 218 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 219 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 220 source _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 221 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 0fda4597d104be27d5c7eedd815790b6dedfeb1e 1 Increasing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 ceiling _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4-5 fan's _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 fan _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 's _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 speed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 its _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 lowest _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 setting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 61 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 rpm _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 16 resulted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 0.77 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 m _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 /s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 airflow _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 26 its _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 highest _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 setting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 176 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 rpm _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 34 resulted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 2.5 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 m _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 /s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 airflow _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 44 having _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 fan _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 blow _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 either _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 upward _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 downward _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 had _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 no _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 statistically _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 significant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 effect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 efficacy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 upper _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 room _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 ultraviolet _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 germicidal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 irradiation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 UVGI _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 72 outcome _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 suggests _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 75 air _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 circulation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 due _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 78 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 ceiling _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 fan _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 83 sufficient _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 85 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 any _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 additional _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 increase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 would _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 improve _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 efficacy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 Numerous _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 95 experimental _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 studies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 upper _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 room _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 UVGI _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 103 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 fans _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 used _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 108 provide _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 air _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 mixing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 112 been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 published _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 However _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 116 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 none _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 quantified _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 air _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 movement _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 produced _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 124 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 these _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 fans _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 128 described _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 tests _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 sufficient _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 detail _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 135 allow _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 results _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 compared _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 predictions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 using _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 143 computational _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 fluid _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 dynamics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 CFD _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 151 present _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 work _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 provides _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 required _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 information _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 159 addition _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 usual _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 boundary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 conditions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 needed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 166 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 CFD _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 170 made _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 experimental _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 measurements _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 UV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 susceptibility _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 microorganisms _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 used _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 180 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 upper _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 room _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 UVGI _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 tests _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 189 measured _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 UV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 susceptibilities _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 Mycobacterium _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 parafortuitum _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 Bacillus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 atrophaeus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 spores _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 0.074 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 0.018 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 m _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 /J _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 respectively _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 211 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 previous _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 publication _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 214 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 215 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 216 reported _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 217 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 218 spatial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 219 distribution _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 220 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 221 fluence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 222 rate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 223 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 224 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 225 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 226 also _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 227 needed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 228 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 229 predicting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 230 efficacy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 231 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 232 CFD _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 233 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 234 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 235 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 236 companion _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 237 paper _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 238 referred _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 239 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 240 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 241 Part _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 242 II _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 243 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 244 upper _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 245 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 246 room _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 247 UVGI _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 248 efficacy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 249 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 250 predicted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 251 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 252 both _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 253 Eulerian _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 254 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 255 Lagrangian _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 256 CFD _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 257 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 258 compared _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 259 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 260 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 261 experimental _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 262 results _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 263 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 264 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 265 present _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 266 study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 267 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 107ed9d88147de29cb5c3e2a61a57fd074a3f0e0 1 Pericytes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 key _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 cellular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 part _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 blood _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 brain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 barrier _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 play _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 important _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 role _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 maintenance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 brain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 neurovascular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 unit _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 These _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 28 cells _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 participate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 brain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 homeostasis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 34 regulating _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 vascular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 development _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 integrity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 mainly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 through _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 secreting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 various _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 factors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 Pericytes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 46 per _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 se _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 show _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 different _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 restorative _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 properties _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 after _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 blood _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 brain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 barrier _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 injury _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 Upon _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 60 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 occurrence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 brain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 acute _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 chronic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 diseases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 pericytes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 provoke _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 immune _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 cells _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 regulate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 neuro _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 inflammatory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 conditions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 Loss _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 81 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 pericytes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 distinct _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 neurologic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 disorders _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 intensifies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 blood _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 brain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 barrier _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 permeability _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 94 leads _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 vascular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 dementia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 100 therapeutic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 potential _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 pericytes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 originated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 unique _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 morphological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 shape _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 location _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 ability _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 118 providing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 vast _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 paracrine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 juxtacrine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 interactions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 126 subset _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 pericytes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 possesses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 multipotentiality _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 132 exhibit _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 trans _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 differentiation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 capacity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 context _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 damaged _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 tissue _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 145 review _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 article _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 aimed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 highlight _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 critical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 role _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 pericytes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 restoration _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 blood _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 brain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 barrier _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 after _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 injury _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 166 focusing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 dynamics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 pericytes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 cross _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 talk _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 cell _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 types _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 123589feb77f17e27c7b93326aaae484bff34424 1 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 aimed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 defining _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 relationship _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 set _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 environmental _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 factors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 childhood _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 HFMD _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 then _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 estimating _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 related _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 effect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 27 16 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 environmental _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 factors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 included _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 meteorological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 air _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 pollution _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 sunspot _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 40 traditional _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 TSR _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 modified _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 43 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 44 using _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 susceptible _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 infectious _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 recovery _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 models _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 distribution _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 lag _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 nonlinear _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 model _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 57 applied _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 59 estimate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 short _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 term _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 effects _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 daily _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 environmental _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 factors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 children _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 HFMD _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 occurrence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 2014 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 2018 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 adjustment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 potential _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 confounding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 factors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 85 total _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 70,027 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 children _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 aged _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 15 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 years _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 HFMD _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 enrolled _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 No _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 100 significant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 effect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 observed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 daily _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 sunspot _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 average _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 visibility _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 113 found _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 positive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 effects _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 ambient _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 average _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 temperature _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 approximately _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 m _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 shaped _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 curve _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 overall _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 cumulative _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 relationship _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 peaking _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 136 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 25.6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 ° _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 C _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 relative _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 risk _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 RR _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 1.45 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 150 95 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 confidence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 intervals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 1.21 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 1.73 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 160 largest _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 RR _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 value _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 hot _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 effect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 achieved _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 current _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 day _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 173 then _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 decreased _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 days _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 179 total _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 group _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 male _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 group _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 scatter _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 group _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 190 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 day _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 193 female _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 group _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 nursery _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 group _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 201 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 effect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 lasted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 about _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 8 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 days _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 211 lag _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 214 lag _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 215 6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 216 day _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 217 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 218 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 219 greater _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 220 association _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 221 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 222 temperature _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 223 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 224 HFMD _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 225 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 226 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 227 female _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 228 group _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 229 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 230 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 231 scattered _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 232 group _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 233 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 234 observed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 235 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 236 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 237 study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 238 suggests _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 239 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 240 ambient _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 241 average _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 242 temperature _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 243 might _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 244 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 245 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 246 risk _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 247 factor _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 248 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 249 children _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 250 HFMD _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 251 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 252 Tianjin _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 253 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 254 Further _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 255 studies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 256 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 257 warranted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 258 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 259 confirm _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 260 these _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 261 findings _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 262 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 146171e5a6075515b4218b0a11d05ebc829bd08b 1 Coronavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 2019 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 become _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 pandemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 globally _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 While _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 12 it _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 mostly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 presents _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 symptoms _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 it _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 20 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 already _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 found _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 it _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 could _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 manifest _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 series _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 neurological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 symptoms _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 well _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 either _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 presentation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 during _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 course _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 Symptoms _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 49 vary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 non _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 specific _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 such _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 55 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 headache _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 dizziness _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 60 more _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 specific _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 such _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 63 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 convulsions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 cerebrovascular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 CVD _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 73 study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 aims _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 give _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 overview _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 neurological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 manifestations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 86 discuss _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 potential _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 pathogenetic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 mechanisms _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 central _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 nervous _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 system _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 CNS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 involvement _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 Clinicians _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 101 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 especially _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 internists _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 neurologists _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 infectious _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 specialists _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 should _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 aware _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 these _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 symptoms _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 118 able _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 recognize _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 them _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 early _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 Prompt _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 125 diagnosis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 immediate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 management _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 neurological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 manifestations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 novel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 coronavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 will _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 only _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 improve _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 prognosis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 patients _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 but _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 147 will _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 also _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 prevent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 dissemination _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 due _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 156 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 misdiagnosed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 cases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 15be47d73265c344c81f51bc1d87f4264ea63c85 1 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 describe _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 clinical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 course _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 57 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 children _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 coronavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 2019 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 cared _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 17 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 through _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 single _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 hospital _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 system _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 Most _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 25 children _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 mildly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 symptomatic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 31 only _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 few _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 patients _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 underlying _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 medical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 conditions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 required _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 hospitalization _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 Systemwide _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 43 patient _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 evaluation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 processes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 allowed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 prompt _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 identification _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 management _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 patients _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 1682a84266e105445b492f14d6dc1da178027820 1 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 2020 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 crisis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 can _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 spur _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 research _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9-10 firms' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 firms _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 ' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 corporate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 finance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 decisions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 macroeconomic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 implications _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 similar _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 20 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 wave _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 important _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 research _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 banking _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 household _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 finance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 triggered _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 32 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 2008 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 financial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 crisis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 What _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 39 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 relevant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 corporate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 finance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 mechanisms _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 crisis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 ? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 Modeling _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 50 dynamics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 timing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 considerations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 likely _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 important _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 59 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 integrating _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 corporate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 financing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 considerations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 into _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 modern _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 quantifiable _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 macroeconomics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 models _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 Recent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 71 empirical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 work _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 including _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 75 articles _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 special _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 issue _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 82 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 drag _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 debt _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 crisis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 provides _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 first _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 glimpse _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 into _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 new _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 research _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 agenda _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 101 JEL _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 E22 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 E44 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 G32 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 G33 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 168a175917680c5b44265ca7c2047b9be68bc5f0 1 Porcine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 epidemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 diarrhea _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 PEDV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 burdensome _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 pathogen _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 swine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 industry _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 Wild _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 18 boar _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 population _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 poses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 high _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 risk _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 reservoir _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 viral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 pathogen _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 Two _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 31 hundred _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 eighty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 seven _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 samples _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 wild _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 boar _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 Sus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 scrofa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 collected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 43 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 South _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 Korea _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 during _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 2010/11 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 49 analyzed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 using _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 51 RT _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 PCR _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 revealing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 56 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 PEDV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 rate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 9.75 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 28/287 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 PEDV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 68 positive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 samples _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 distributed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 throughout _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 mainland _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 South _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 Korea _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 clustering _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 80 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 northern _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 border _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 adjacent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 Demilitarized _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 Zone _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 DMZ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 mountainous _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 regions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 PEDV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 98 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 wild _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 boar _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 genetically _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 similar _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 Chinese _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 PEDV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 strains _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 phylogenetic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 investigations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 Our _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 113 results _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 indicated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 116 PEDV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 circulating _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 wild _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 boar _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 124 provided _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 novel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 knowledge _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 into _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 epidemiology _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 PEDV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 1735d918984252bfb2ef6e6615c9f1b5d8cebac6 1 Poly(A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 tails _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 functionally _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 important _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 features _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 all _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 picornavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 RNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 genomes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 Some _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 15 viruses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 genomes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 relatively _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 short _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 poly(A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 tails _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 25 encephalomyocarditis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 whereas _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 29 others _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 genomes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 longer _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 poly(A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 tails _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 38 polioviruses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 rhinoviruses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 Here _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 44 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 review _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 polyadenylation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 picornavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 RNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 52 it _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 relates _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 structure _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 function _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 3D _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 pol _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 Poliovirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 64 3D _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 pol _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 uses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 template _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 dependent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 reiterative _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 transcription _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 mechanisms _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 74 it _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 replicates _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 poly(A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 tails _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 viral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 RNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 Steil _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 et _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 al _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 2010 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 These _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 93 mechanisms _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 analogous _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 those _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 involved _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 99 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 polyadenylation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 vesicular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 stomatitis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 influenza _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 mRNAs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 3D _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 112 pol _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 residues _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 intimately _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 115 associated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 viral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 RNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 templates _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 products _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 regulate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 123 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 size _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 poly(A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 tails _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 viral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 RNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 Kempf _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 et _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 al _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 2013 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 Consistent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 142 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 ancient _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 evolutionary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 origins _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 picornavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 149 3D _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 pol _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 telomerase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 reverse _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 transcriptase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 TERT _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 share _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 structural _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 functional _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 features _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 Structurally _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 165 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 both _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 3D _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 pol _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 TERT _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 assume _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 " _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 right _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 hand _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 " _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 conformation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 thumb _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 palm _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 fingers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 domains _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 encircling _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 187 templates _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 products _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 Functionally _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 192 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 both _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 3D _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 pol _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 TERT _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 use _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 template _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 dependent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 reiterative _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 transcription _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 mechanisms _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 206 synthesize _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 repetitive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 sequences _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 poly(A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 211 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 tails _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 214 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 215 case _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 216 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 217 picornavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 218 RNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 219 genomes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 220 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 221 DNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 222 telomeres _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 223 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 224 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 225 case _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 226 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 227 eukaryotic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 228 chromosomes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 229 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 230 Thus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 231 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 232 picornaviruses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 233 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 234 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 235 eukaryotic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 236 hosts _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 237 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 238 humans _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 239 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 240 animals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 241 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 242 maintain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 243 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 244 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 245 ends _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 246 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 247 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 248 respective _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 249 genomes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 250 via _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 251 evolutionarily _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 252 related _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 253 mechanisms _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 254 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 180a37cecacf1df23085e9dc702d07342c9c0ce2 1 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 present _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 epidemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 model _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 capable _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 describing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 key _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 features _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 present _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 Covid-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 pandemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 While _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 18 capturing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 several _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 qualitative _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 properties _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 spreading _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 it _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 28 allows _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 compute _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 basic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 reproduction _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 deaths _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 due _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 various _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 statistics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 Numerical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 50 integrations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 used _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 54 illustrate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 relevance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 quarantine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 role _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 care _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 houses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 1b154ff0f22d4ac97b61cc3fbc65a21020010468 1 Air _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 pollution _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 most _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 significant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 environmental _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 risk _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 factor _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 all _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 cause _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 mortality _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 17 it _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 caused _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 substantial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 disability _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 adjusted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 life _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 years _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 economic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 loss _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 Air _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 32 pollution _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 intensified _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 mortality _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 during _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 past _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 pandemics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 Spanish _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 flu _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 1918 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 SARS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 CoV-1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 2003 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 It _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 52 increases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 host _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 susceptibility _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 virulence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 infections _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 61 reduces _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 viral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 clearance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 Thus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 66 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 question _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 arises _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 whether _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 there _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 will _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 any _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 impact _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 air _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 pollution _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 current _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 pandemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 coronavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 2019 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 ? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 Thus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 91 far _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 history _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 science _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 directing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 towards _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 immense _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 potential _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 impact _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 air _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 pollution _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 pandemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 Some _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 112 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 devastated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 countries _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 current _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 pandemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 those _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 poor _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 air _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 quality _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 index _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 Further _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 130 epidemiological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 ecological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 studies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 necessary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 137 confirm _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 association _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 Also _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 142 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 countries _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 must _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 mobilize _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 funding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 mitigation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 air _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 pollution _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 153 benefit _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 environmental _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 157 ameliorate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 its _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 potential _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 effects _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 pandemics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 future _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 1b8a085682d10dad4baf90417a8cbcde144cc8c9 1 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 evaluation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 infectious _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 noninfectious _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 management _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 can _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 done _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 through _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 use _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 time _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 series _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 analysis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 22 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 expect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 measure _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 results _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 32 prevent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 intervention _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 effects _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 Clinical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 40 studies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 benefited _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 use _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 these _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 techniques _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 particularly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 wide _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 applicability _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 ARIMA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 model _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 61 study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 briefly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 presents _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 process _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 67 using _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 ARIMA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 model _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 73 analytical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 tool _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 offers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 great _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 contribution _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 researchers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 healthcare _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 managers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 evaluation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 healthcare _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 interventions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 specific _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 populations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 1be50b82b258db680534fd344a0da386ee461361 1 Forced _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 viral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 adaptation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 powerful _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 technique _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 employed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 9 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 10 study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 ways _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 viruses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 14 may _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 overcome _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 various _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 selective _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 pressures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 20 reduce _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 viral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 replication _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 Here _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 25 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 describe _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 methods _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 vitro _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 serial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 passaging _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 Middle _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 East _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 syndrome _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 coronavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 MERS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 CoV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 46 select _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 mutations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 50 increase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 replication _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 semi _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 permissive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 cell _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 lines _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 59 described _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 Letko _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 et _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 al _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 Cell _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 Rep _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 24 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 1730 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 1737 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 2018 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 1dc4f757f425b080168840089f1f4d29bac75f51 1 Compared _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 temperate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 areas _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 7 understanding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 seasonal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 variations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 influenza _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 infections _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 lacking _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 subtropical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 tropical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 regions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 Insufficient _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 23 information _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 about _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 viral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 activity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 increases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 difficulty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 31 forecasting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 burden _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 36 thus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 hampers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 official _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 preparation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 efforts _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 Here _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 43 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 identified _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 potential _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 meteorological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 factors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 49 drove _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 seasonal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 variations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 influenza _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 infections _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 subtropical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 Hong _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 Kong _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 65 fitted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 meteorological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 data _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 influenza _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 mortality _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 data _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 2002 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 2009 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 Susceptible _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 Infected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 Recovered _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 model _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 From _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 87 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 results _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 air _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 temperature _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 common _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 significant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 driver _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 seasonal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 patterns _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 101 cold _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 temperature _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 associated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 increase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 transmission _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 intensity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 most _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 influenza _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 epidemics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 Except _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 119 2004 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 fitted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 models _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 significant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 meteorological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 factors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 could _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 account _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 more _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 than _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 10 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 variance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 additional _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 null _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 model _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 Rainfall _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 146 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 also _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 found _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 significant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 driver _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 seasonal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 influenza _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 although _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 159 results _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 less _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 robust _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 165 identified _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 meteorological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 indicators _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 could _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 alert _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 officials _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 take _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 appropriate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 control _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 measures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 influenza _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 epidemics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 such _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 181 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 enhancing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 vaccination _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 activities _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 before _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 cold _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 seasons _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 Further _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 190 studies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 required _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 194 fully _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 justify _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 associations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 1ea8699c1a259ed2a4c0d1c70e1c842eac6c2063 1 Avian _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 metapneumovirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 aMPV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 one _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 major _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 causes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 serious _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 infections _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 poultry _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 19 leads _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 considerable _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 economic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 losses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 food _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 animal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 production _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 worldwide _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 Here _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 31 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 show _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 35 double _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 stranded _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 short _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 interfering _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 RNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 siRNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 molecules _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 corresponding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 45 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 aMPV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 phosphoprotein _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 P _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 gene _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 silence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 53 P _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 RNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 protein _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 expression _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 These _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 60 siRNAs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 broadly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 reduced _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 expression _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 viral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 proteins _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 addition _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 P _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 but _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 75 did _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 discernable _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 effect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 cellular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 protein _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 expression _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 87 exposure _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 cells _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 P _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 specific _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 siRNAs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 also _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 led _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 inhibition _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 replication _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 103 evidenced _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 marked _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 reduction _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 progeny _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 virion _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 titers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 Taken _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 114 together _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 117 findings _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 suggest _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 120 exogenous _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 P _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 silencing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 siRNAs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 can _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 inhibit _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 aMPV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 replication _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 potential _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 implications _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 design _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 novel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 siRNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 based _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 prophylactics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 1f2bbc79b56c51c0ae26ced2d7d8ccf10360fa72 1 Ribonuclease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 L _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 RNase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 L _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 metal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 ion _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 independent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 endoribonuclease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 associated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 16 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 antiviral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 antibacterial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 defense _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 cancer _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 lifespan _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 Despite _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 27 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 biological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 significance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 RNase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 L _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 35 RNAs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 cleaved _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 37 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 enzyme _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 41 poorly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 defined _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 45 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 used _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 deep _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 sequencing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 methods _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 54 reveal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 frequency _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 location _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 RNase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 L _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 cleavage _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 sites _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 within _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 host _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 viral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 RNAs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 To _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 71 make _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 cDNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 libraries _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 76 exploited _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 -cyclic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 phosphate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 end _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 RNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 fragments _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 produced _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 92 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 RNase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 L _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 metal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 ion _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 independent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 endoribonucleases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 105 optimized _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 validated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 -cyclic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 phosphate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 cDNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 synthesis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 Illumina _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 sequencing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 methods _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 using _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 122 viral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 RNAs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 cleaved _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 125 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 purified _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 RNase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 L _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 viral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 131 RNAs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 cleaved _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 133 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 purified _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 RNase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 138 RNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 uninfected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 poliovirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 infected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 HeLa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 cells _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 Using _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 149 these _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 methods _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 153 identified _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 discrete _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 regions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 hepatitis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 C _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 poliovirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 RNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 genomes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 168 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 profoundly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 susceptible _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 RNase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 L _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 single _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 strand _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 specific _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 endoribonucleases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 183 ii _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 RNase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 L _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 dependent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 RNase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 L _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 independent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 cleavage _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 sites _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 within _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 ribosomal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 RNAs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 rRNAs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 iii _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 211 -cyclic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 phosphates _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 214 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 215 ends _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 216 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 217 5S _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 218 rRNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 219 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 220 U6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 221 snRNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 222 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 223 Monitoring _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 224 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 225 frequency _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 226 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 227 location _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 228 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 229 metal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 230 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 231 ion _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 232 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 233 independent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 234 endoribonuclease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 235 cleavage _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 236 sites _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 237 within _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 238 host _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 239 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 240 viral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 241 RNAs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 242 reveals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 243 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 244 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 245 part _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 246 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 247 how _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 248 these _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 249 enzymes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 250 contribute _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 251 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 252 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 253 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 254 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 255 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 1f7c4b6fc91f3143baa4824a7f8050f16d9bcccd 1 Background _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 Porcine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 4 reproductive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 syndrome _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 PRRS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 viruses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 major _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 cause _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 economic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 loss _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 pigs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 worldwide _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 High _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 26 genetic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 diversity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 among _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 PRRSV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 strains _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 problematic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 successful _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 control _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 vaccination _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 Mosaic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 41 DNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 vaccinia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 VACV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 vaccines _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 developed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 51 order _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 improve _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 protection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 against _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 heterologous _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 PRRSV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 strains _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 Methods _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 61 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 Piglets _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 63 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 primed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 boosted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 GP5-Mosaic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 DNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 vaccine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 recombinant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 GP5-Mosaic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 VACV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 rGP5-Mosaic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 VACV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 respectively _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 Pigs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 83 vaccinated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 84 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 rGP5-WT _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 VR2332 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 DNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 rGP5-WT _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 VACV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 empty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 vector _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 DNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 empty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 VACV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 respectively _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 served _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 104 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 controls _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 Virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 108 challenge _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 given _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 separate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 groups _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 vaccinated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 pigs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 VR2332 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 MN184C. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 Necropsies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 122 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 performed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 14 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 days _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 after _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 challenge _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 Results _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 130 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 Vaccination _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 132 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 GP5-Mosaic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 based _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 vaccines _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 resulted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 cellular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 reactivity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 higher _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 levels _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 neutralizing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 antibodies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 both _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 VR2332 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 MN184C _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 PRRSV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 strains _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 157 contrast _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 vaccination _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 animals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 GP5-WT _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 vaccines _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 induced _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 responses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 only _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 VR2332 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 Furthermore _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 173 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 vaccination _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 GP5-Mosaic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 based _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 vaccines _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 resulted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 protection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 against _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 challenge _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 two _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 heterologous _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 strains _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 192 demonstrated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 significantly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 lower _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 viral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 loads _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 serum _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 tissues _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 porcine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 alveolar _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 macrophages _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 PAMs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 211 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 bronchoalveolar _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 lavage _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 214 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 215 BAL _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 216 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 217 fluids _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 218 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 219 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 220 less _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 221 severe _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 222 lung _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 223 lesions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 224 after _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 225 challenge _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 226 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 227 either _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 228 MN184C _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 229 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 230 VR2332 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 231 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 232 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 233 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 234 only _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 235 85 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 236 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 237 identity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 238 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 239 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 240 contrast _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 241 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 242 significant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 243 protection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 244 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 245 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 246 GP5-WT _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 247 based _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 248 vaccines _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 249 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 250 only _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 251 achieved _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 252 against _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 253 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 254 VR2332 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 255 strain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 256 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 257 Conclusions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 258 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 259 GP5-Mosaic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 260 vaccines _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 261 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 262 using _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 263 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 264 DNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 265 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 266 prime _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 267 / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 268 VACV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 269 boost _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 270 regimen _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 271 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 272 conferred _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 273 protection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 274 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 275 pigs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 276 against _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 277 heterologous _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 278 viruses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 279 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 202409fc9fbc3fdc1a7dd3ef3e690880287c117c 1 Localization _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 neutralizing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 serotype _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 specific _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 epitopes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 infectious _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 bronchitis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 difficult _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 because _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 16 these _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 epitopes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 conformationally _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 dependent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 23 identified _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 amino _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 acids _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 involved _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 27 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 serotype _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 specific _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 conformationally _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 dependent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 epitope _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 36 analysis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 S1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 gene _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 13 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 monoclonal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 antibody _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 neutralization _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 resistant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 mutants _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 Substitutions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 52 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 predicted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 amino _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 acid _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 sequence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 these _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 mutants _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 located _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 residues _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 304 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 and/or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 386 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 Most _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 70 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 substitutions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 residue _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 304 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 threonine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 isoleucine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 whereas _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 83 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 substitutions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 residue _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 386 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 arginine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 proline _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 histidine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 cysteine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 tryptophan _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 Based _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 102 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 data _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 it _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 107 appears _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 AA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 residues _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 304 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 386 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 S1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 glycoprotein _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 involved _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 neutralizing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 serotype _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 specific _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 epitope _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 24c534c1f480d949f6ceeab0a60c1d7958ee34af 1 Topic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 modeling _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 frequently _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 employed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 7 discovering _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 structures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 patterns _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 corpus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 documents _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 Its _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 20 utility _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 text _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 mining _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 document _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 retrieval _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 tasks _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 various _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 fields _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 scientific _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 research _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 rather _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 well _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 known _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 An _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 41 unsupervised _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 machine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 learning _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 approach _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 Latent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 Dirichlet _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 Allocation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 LDA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 particularly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 utilized _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 57 identifying _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 latent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 hidden _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 topics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 document _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 collections _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 68 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 deciphering _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 words _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 73 define _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 one _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 more _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 topics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 using _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 79 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 generative _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 statistical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 model _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 Here _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 85 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 describe _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 how _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 88 SARS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 CoV-2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 genomic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 mutation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 profiles _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 can _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 structured _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 into _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 ' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 Bag _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 Words _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 ' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 105 enable _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 identification _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 signatures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 topics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 probabilistic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 distribution _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 across _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 various _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 genomes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 using _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 120 LDA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 Topic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 123 models _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 generated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 using _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 127 ~47000 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 novel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 corona _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 genomes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 133 considered _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 documents _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 leading _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 139 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 identification _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 16 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 amino _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 acid _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 mutation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 signatures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 18 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 nucleotide _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 mutation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 signatures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 153 equivalent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 topics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 158 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 corpus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 chosen _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 genomes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 through _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 coherence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 optimization _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 168 document _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 assumption _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 genomes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 also _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 helped _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 identification _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 contextual _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 nucleotide _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 mutation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 signatures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 form _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 conventional _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 Ngrams _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 188 e.g. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 bi _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 grams _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 tri _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 grams _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 199 validated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 signatures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 obtained _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 203 using _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 204 LDA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 driven _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 method _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 against _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 208 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 previously _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 reported _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 211 recurrent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 mutations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 214 phylogenetic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 215 clades _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 216 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 217 genomes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 218 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 219 Additionally _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 220 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 221 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 222 report _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 223 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 224 geographical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 225 distribution _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 226 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 227 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 228 identified _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 229 mutation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 230 signatures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 231 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 232 SARS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 233 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 234 CoV-2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 235 genomes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 236 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 237 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 238 global _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 239 map _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 240 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 241 Use _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 242 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 243 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 244 non _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 245 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 246 phylogenetic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 247 albeit _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 248 classical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 249 approaches _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 250 like _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 251 topic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 252 modeling _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 253 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 254 other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 255 data _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 256 centric _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 257 pattern _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 258 mining _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 259 algorithms _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 260 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 261 therefore _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 262 proposed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 263 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 264 supplementing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 265 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 266 efforts _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 267 towards _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 268 understanding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 269 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 270 genomic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 271 diversity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 272 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 273 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 274 evolving _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 275 SARS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 276 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 277 CoV-2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 278 genomes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 279 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 280 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 281 other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 282 pathogens _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 283 / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 284 microbes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 285 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 286 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 26634be503e7252551c4829fa563245b729bf213 1 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 present _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 intended _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 analyze _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 effect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 global _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 quality _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 perceived _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 value _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 general _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 satisfaction _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 emotions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 future _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 behavior _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 patterns _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 among _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 participants _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 European _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 Duathlon _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 Championship _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 35 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 sense _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 questionnaire _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 administered _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 43 n _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 210 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 composed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 49 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 four _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 sections _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 essential _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 54 demographic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 profiling _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 variables _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 perceived _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 quality _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 overall _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 quality _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 emotions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 Consequently _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 69 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 relational _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 model _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 designed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 76 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 examined _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 means _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 structural _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 equation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 modeling _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 SEM _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 fuzzy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 set _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 qualitative _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 comparative _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 analysis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 fsQCA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 Results _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 98 reveal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 100 global _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 quality _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 general _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 satisfaction _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 key _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 dimensions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 109 determining _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 future _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 behaviors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 participants _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 but _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 116 not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 so _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 perceived _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 value _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 Moreover _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 123 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 up _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 three _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 combinations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 these _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 dimensions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 together _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 emotions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 135 pleasure _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 arousal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 emerged _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 140 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 enough _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 depicting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 future _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 intentions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 great _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 extent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 152 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 line _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 remarkably _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 sufficient _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 combination _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 consists _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 global _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 quality _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 general _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 satisfaction _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 pleasure _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 arousal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 These _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 173 findings _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 will _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 guide _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 organizers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 design _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 strategies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 181 provide _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 exciting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 experiences _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 well _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 quality _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 satisfaction _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 participants _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 sports _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 events _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 269a5e6f3c8a46d3ef96ffc2eede944f372bfac6 1 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 convex _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 polyhedron _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 convex _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 hull _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 finite _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 set _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 points _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 R _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 19 triangulation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 convex _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 polyhedron _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 decomposition _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 into _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 finite _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 3-simplices _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 such _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 34 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 any _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 two _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 intersect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 common _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 face _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 43 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 disjoint _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 47 simplicial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 dissection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 decomposition _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 into _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 finite _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 3-simplices _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 such _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 59 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 no _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 two _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 share _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 interior _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 point _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 68 present _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 algorithm _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 72 classify _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 simplicial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 dissections _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 regular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 polyhedron _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 under _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 symmetry _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 group _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 prolyhedron _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 273377715ca866a5763943b5b86583bf6d6f91f1 1 For _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 infectious _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 outbreaks _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 clinical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 solutions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 typically _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 focus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 efficient _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 pathogen _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 destruction _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 However _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 17 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 pandemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 provides _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 reminder _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 25 infectious _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 diseases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 complex _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 multisystem _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 conditions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 34 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 holistic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 understanding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 will _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 necessary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 41 maximize _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 survival _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 For _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 45 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 all _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 infectious _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 diseases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 metabolic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 processes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 intimately _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 connected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 mechanisms _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 pathogenesis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 resulting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 pathology _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 pathophysiology _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 well _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 host _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 defence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 response _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 Here _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 82 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 examine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 relationship _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 metabolism _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 93 discuss _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 why _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 preexisting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 metabolic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 abnormalities _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 such _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 100 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 type _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 diabetes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 hypertension _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 may _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 108 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 important _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 risk _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 factors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 severe _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 critical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 cases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 highlighting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 121 parallels _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 pathophysiology _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 these _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 metabolic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 abnormalities _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 course _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 137 also _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 discuss _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 how _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 metabolism _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 cellular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 tissue _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 organ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 levels _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 might _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 harnessed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 153 promote _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 defence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 against _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 160 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 focus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 tolerance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 mechanisms _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 169 speculate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 long _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 term _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 metabolic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 consequences _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 survivors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 2857cb1d4c6c446ac30ab4d0cabca0b42d62c465 1 Background _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 Existing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 4 standard _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 non _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 molecular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 diagnostic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 methods _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 such _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 11 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 viral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 culture _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 immunofluorescent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 DFA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 20 time _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 consuming _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 labor _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 intensive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 limited _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 sensitivity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 Several _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 31 multiplex _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 molecular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 assays _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 costly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 Therefore _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 38 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 there _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 need _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 development _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 rapid _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 sensitive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 diagnosis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 viral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 pathogens _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 Methods _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 58 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 60 GeXP _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 based _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 multiplex _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 RT _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 PCR _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 assay _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 GeXP _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 assay _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 developed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 75 detect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 simultaneously _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 sixteen _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 different _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 types _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 subtypes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 Seventeen _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 86 sets _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 chimeric _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 primers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 used _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 93 initiate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 RT _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 PCR _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 100 one _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 pair _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 universal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 primers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 used _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 subsequent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 cycles _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 RT _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 PCR _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 118 specificity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 GeXP _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 assay _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 examined _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 positive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 controls _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 each _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 type _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 subtype _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 136 sensitivity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 evaluated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 140 performing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 assay _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 serial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 ten _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 fold _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 dilutions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 vitro _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 transcribed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 RNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 all _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 RNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 viruses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 plasmids _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 containing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 163 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 Adv _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 HBoV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 target _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 sequence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 GeXP _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 171 assay _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 further _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 evaluated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 using _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 176 126 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 clinical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 specimens _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 180 compared _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 Luminex _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 xTAG _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 RVP _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 Fast _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 assay _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 Results _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 189 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 191 GeXP _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 assay _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 achieved _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 sensitivity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 200 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 copies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 single _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 1000 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 copies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 when _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 209 all _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 211 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 16 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 pre _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 214 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 215 mixed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 216 viral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 217 targets _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 218 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 219 present _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 220 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 221 Analyses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 222 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 223 126 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 224 clinical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 225 specimens _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 226 using _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 227 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 228 GeXP _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 229 assay _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 230 demonstrated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 231 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 232 GeXP _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 233 assay _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 234 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 235 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 236 RVP _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 237 Fast _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 238 assay _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 239 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 240 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 241 complete _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 242 agreement _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 243 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 244 109/126 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 245 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 246 88.51 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 247 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 248 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 249 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 250 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 251 specimens _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 252 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 253 GeXP _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 254 assay _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 255 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 256 more _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 257 sensitive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 258 than _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 259 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 260 RVP _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 261 Fast _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 262 assay _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 263 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 264 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 265 detection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 266 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 267 HRV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 268 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 269 PIV3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 270 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 271 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 272 slightly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 273 less _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 274 sensitive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 275 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 276 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 277 detection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 278 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 279 HMPV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 280 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 281 Adv _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 282 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 283 RSVB _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 284 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 285 HBoV. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 286 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 287 whole _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 288 process _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 289 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 290 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 291 GeXP _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 292 assay _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 293 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 294 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 295 detection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 296 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 297 12 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 298 samples _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 299 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 300 completed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 301 within _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 302 2.5 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 303 hours _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 304 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 305 Conclusions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 306 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 307 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 308 conclusion _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 309 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 310 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 311 GeXP _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 312 assay _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 313 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 314 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 315 rapid _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 316 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 317 cost _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 318 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 319 effective _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 320 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 321 sensitive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 322 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 323 specific _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 324 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 325 high _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 326 throughput _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 327 method _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 328 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 329 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 330 detection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 331 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 332 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 333 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 334 infections _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 335 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 2a35cb9b73eda5248a85c9d84532b651ab8a3b3a 1 Improved _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 diagnostic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 tools _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 rapid _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 detection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 quantitation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 subgrouping _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 human _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 syncytial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 RSV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 needed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 23 aid _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 development _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 evaluation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 novel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 intervention _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 strategies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 34 quantitative _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 real _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 time _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 RT _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 PCR _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 using _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 42 specific _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 locked _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 nucleic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 acid _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 LNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 probes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 51 developed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 53 identify _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 RSV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 56 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 distinguish _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 RSV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 subgroups _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 B _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 RSV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 LNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 assay _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 RSV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 70 subgroup _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 diversity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 relationship _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 viral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 load _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 severity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 confirmed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 RSV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 infections _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 also _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 explored _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 264 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 90 archived _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 specimens _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 pediatric _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 patients _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 tested _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 parallel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 using _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 101 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 commercial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 multiplex _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 Seeplex _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 TM _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 RV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 detection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 kit _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 Seegene _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 novel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 RSV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 LNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 assay _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 120 LNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 assay _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 demonstrated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 significantly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 higher _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 sensitivity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 than _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 Seeplex _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 improving _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 131 overall _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 detection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 rates _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 24 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 138 64/264 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 141 32 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 144 84/264 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 Detection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 148 limits _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 9.0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 × _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 10 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 6.0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 × _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 10 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 copies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 mL _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 observed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 RSV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 B _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 respectivel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 RSV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 173 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 detected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 53/84 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 179 63 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 cases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 183 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 185 31/84 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 187 37 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 191 positive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 RSV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 B. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 196 novel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 method _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 offers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 rapid _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 quantitative _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 highly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 specific _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 sensitive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 approach _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 laboratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 211 diagnosis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 RSV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 214 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 2a7c951e191425fd9fa5ac108f07a1f02eb75872 1 It _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 nearly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 century _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 since _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 early _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 description _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 microglia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 Rio _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 Hortega _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 ; _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 since _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 19 then _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 many _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 more _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 biological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 pathological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 features _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 microglia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 recognized _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 Today _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 33 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 microglia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 generally _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 considered _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 beneficial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 homeostasis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 resting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 through _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 abilities _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 51 survey _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 environment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 phagocytose _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 debris _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 However _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 59 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 when _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 61 activated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 microglia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 assume _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 diverse _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 phenotypes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 ranging _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 67 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 fully _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 inflamed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 72 involves _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 release _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 many _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 pro _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 inflammatory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 cytokines _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 83 alternatively _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 activated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 releasing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 antiinflammatory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 cytokines _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 neurotrophins _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 93 consequences _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 neurons _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 can _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 range _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 detrimental _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 supportive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 Due _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 104 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 different _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 experimental _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 sets _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 conditions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 contradictory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 113 results _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 obtained _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 regarding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 118 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 controversial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 question _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 122 whether _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 microglia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 " _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 good _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 " _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 " _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 bad _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 " _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 While _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 134 it _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 well _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 understood _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 dual _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 roles _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 activated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 microglia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 depend _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 specific _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 situations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 151 underlying _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 mechanisms _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 remained _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 largely _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 unclear _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 159 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 interpretation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 certain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 findings _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 related _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 165 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 diverse _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 microglial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 phenotypes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 continues _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 170 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 problematic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 175 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 review _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 discuss _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 functions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 microglia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 neuronal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 survival _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 neurogenesis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 crosstalk _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 microglia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 surrounding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 cells _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 potential _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 factors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 202 could _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 influence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 eventual _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 manifestation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 microglia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 2b7bf7d309d5b7e2c16feb83d0ebdcb0d3363d76 1 How _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 different _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 cultures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 react _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 respond _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 given _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 8 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 crisis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 11 predominant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14-15 society's _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 society _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 's _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 norms _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 political _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 will _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 21 combat _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 situation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 Often _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 26 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 decisions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 made _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 29 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 30 necessitated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 events _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 social _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 pressure _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 need _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 hour _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 45 may _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 represent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 will _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 nation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 While _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 55 some _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 pleased _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 it _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 others _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 62 might _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 show _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 resentment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 Coronavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 67 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 brought _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 mix _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 similar _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 emotions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 nations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 towards _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 decisions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 taken _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 83 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 respective _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 governments _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 Social _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 89 media _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 bombarded _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 posts _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 containing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 95 both _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 positive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 negative _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 sentiments _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 pandemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 lockdown _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 hashtags _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 past _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 couple _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 months _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 Despite _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 115 geographically _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 close _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 many _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 119 neighboring _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 countries _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 reacted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 differently _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 one _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 another _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 For _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 128 instance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 Denmark _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 Sweden _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 135 share _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 many _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 similarities _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 stood _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 140 poles _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 apart _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 decision _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 taken _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 146 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 respective _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 governments _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 Yet _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 152 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154-155 nation's _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 nation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 's _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 support _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 mostly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 unanimous _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 unlike _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 162 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 South _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 Asian _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 neighboring _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 countries _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 where _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 168 people _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 showed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 lot _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 anxiety _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 resentment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 178 study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 tends _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 detect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 analyze _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 sentiment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 polarity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 emotions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 demonstrated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 189 during _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 initial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 phase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 pandemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 lockdown _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 period _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 employing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 201 natural _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 language _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 processing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 NLP _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 deep _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 learning _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 techniques _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 211 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 Twitter _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 posts _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 214 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 215 Deep _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 216 long _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 217 short _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 218 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 219 term _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 220 memory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 221 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 222 LSTM _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 223 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 224 models _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 225 used _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 226 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 227 estimating _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 228 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 229 sentiment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 230 polarity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 231 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 232 emotions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 233 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 234 extracted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 235 tweets _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 236 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 237 been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 238 trained _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 239 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 240 achieve _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 241 state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 242 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 243 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 244 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 245 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 246 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 247 art _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 248 accuracy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 249 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 250 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 251 sentiment140 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 252 dataset _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 253 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 254 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 255 use _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 256 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 257 emoticons _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 258 showed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 259 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 260 unique _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 261 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 262 novel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 263 way _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 264 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 265 validating _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 266 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 267 supervised _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 268 deep _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 269 learning _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 270 models _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 271 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 272 tweets _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 273 extracted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 274 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 275 Twitter _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 276 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 2c08714eb56aedc24e6e4243784ca66870a234c1 1 Children _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 today _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 surrounded _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 digital _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 technology _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 since _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 birth _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 However _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 15 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 children _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 today _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 equally _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 equipped _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 technology _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 rich _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 future _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 various _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 30 kinds _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 digital _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 divides _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 still _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 prevail _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 society _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 40 affect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 young _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 generation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 digital _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 futures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 Schools _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 50 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 education _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 children _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 should _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 undergo _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 extensive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 digital _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 transformation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 61 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 able _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 meet _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 needs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 young _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 generation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 digitalized _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 future _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 77 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 pandemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 suddenly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 abruptly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 forced _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 schools _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 education _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 indeed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 engage _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 such _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 transformation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 96 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 examine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 digital _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 transformation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 initiated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 104 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 pandemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 109 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 basic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 education _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 young _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 generation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 variety _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 digital _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 divides _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 emerging _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 123 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 reinforced _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 127 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 possible _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 barriers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 reported _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 131 along _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 way _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 136 argue _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 138 information _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 management _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 research _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 should _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 better _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 acknowledge _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 children _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 digitalized _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 everyday _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 life _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 basic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 education _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 significant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 areas _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 concern _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 161 should _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 understand _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 them _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 well _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 allow _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 them _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 shape _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 education _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 174 offer _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 context _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 higher _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 education _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 but _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 183 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 should _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 also _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 aim _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 influencing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 basic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 education _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 young _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 generation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 197 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 purpose _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 equipping _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 them _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 important _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 skills _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 competencies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 digital _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 futures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 211 but _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 212 also _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 214 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 215 purpose _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 216 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 217 arousing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 218 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 219 interest _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 220 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 221 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 222 important _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 223 field _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 224 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 225 maybe _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 226 even _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 227 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 228 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 229 career _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 230 option _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 231 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 2d0664c3be770994d502f1d1baae42684652aad4 1 Vaccination _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 one _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 cheapest _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 care _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 interventions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 12 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 saved _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 more _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 lives _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 than _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 any _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 drugs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 therapies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 Due _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 24 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 successful _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 immunization _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 programs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 29 rarely _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 hear _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 about _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 some _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 common _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 diseases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 early _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 twentieth _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 century _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 including _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 43 small _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 pox _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 polio _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 Vaccination _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 49 programs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 also _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 helped _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 increase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 food _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 production _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 notably _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 poultry _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 cattle _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 milk _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 production _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 due _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 66 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 lower _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 incidence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 infectious _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 diseases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 farm _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 animals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 Though _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 77 vaccination _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 programs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 eradicated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 several _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 diseases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 84 increased _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 quality _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 life _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 there _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 90 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 several _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 diseases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 no _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 effective _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 vaccines _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 Currently _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 100 there _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 no _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 vaccines _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 cancer _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 neurodegenerative _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 diseases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 autoimmune _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 diseases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 well _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 infectious _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 diseases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 like _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 tuberculosis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 AIDS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 parasitic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 diseases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 including _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 127 malaria _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 Abuse _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 130 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 antibiotics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 resulted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 generation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 several _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 antibiotic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 resistant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 bacterial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 strains _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 ; _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 hence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 146 there _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 need _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 develop _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 novel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 vaccines _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 antibiotic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 resistant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 microorganisms _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 Changes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 161 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 climate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 another _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 concern _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 vaccinologists _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 Climate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 170 change _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 could _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 lead _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 generation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 new _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 strains _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 infectious _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 microorganisms _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 182 would _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 require _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 development _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 novel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 vaccines _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 Use _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 190 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 conventional _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 vaccination _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 strategies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 195 develop _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 vaccines _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 198 severe _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 limitations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 ; _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 hence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 202 innovative _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 strategies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 essential _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 development _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 novel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 211 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 effective _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 vaccines _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 214 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 2d9482a26d740c255bf3108d1c628e97fae3cc7a 1 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 canine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 coronavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 CRCoV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 K37 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 strain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 family _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 Coronaviridae _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 group _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 isolated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 South _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 Korea _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 Its _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 25 genome _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 analyzed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 nucleotide _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 sequencing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 32 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 determined _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 31,029 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 bp _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 40 small _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 open _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 reading _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 frames _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 situated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 45 between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 spike _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 envelope _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 genes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 most _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 CRCoV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 strains _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 58 except _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 CRCoV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 4180 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 strain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 65 found _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 encode _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 three _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 nonstructural _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 proteins _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 72 4.9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 kDa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 2.7 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 kDa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 12.8 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 kDa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 while _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 84 those _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 bovine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 coronavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 BCoV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 encode _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 another _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 three _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 nonstructural _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 proteins _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 97 4.9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 kDa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 4.8 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 kDa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 12.7 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 kDa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 108 those _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 recently _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 isolated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 bovine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 coronavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 BRCoV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 found _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 encode _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 only _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 two _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 nonstructural _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 proteins _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 128 4.9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 kDa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 12.7 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 kDa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 136 differences _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 genes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 encoding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 141 these _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 small _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 nonstructural _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 proteins _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 may _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 146 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 associated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 emergence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 highly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 similar _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 viruses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 different _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 hosts _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 2dd56fdde263e4c8b6a2e54123a89b858a1ecf46 1 Human _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 coronavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 HKU1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 HCoV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 HKU1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 11 mainly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 causes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 acute _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 selflimited _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 tract _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 infections _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 belongs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 21 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 group _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 Betacoronavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 genus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 Coronavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 30 genomes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 encode _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 16 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 nonstructural _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 proteins _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 nsp1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 16 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 42 assemble _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 into _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 large _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 replication _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 transcription _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 complex _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 mediating _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 propagation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 Nonstructural _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 55 protein _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 59 binds _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 single _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 stranded _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 DNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 RNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 70 been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 shown _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 indispensible _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 viral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 replication _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 Interestingly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 80 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 functional _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 mutant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 85 N60 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 K _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 89 nsp9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 identified _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 compensate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 nt _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 insertion _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 mutation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 -untranslated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 region _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 UTR _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 111 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 critical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 viral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 RNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 synthesis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 It _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 119 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 proposed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 N60 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 K _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 mutation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 may _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 cause _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 certain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 conformational _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 changes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 nsp9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 135 rescue _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 defective _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 insertion _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 mutant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 To _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 142 further _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 investigate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 underlying _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 structural _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 mechanism _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 150 N60 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 K _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 mutant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 nsp9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 HCoV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 HKU1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 successfully _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 crystallized _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 167 crystals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 diffracted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 2.6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 Å _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 resolution _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 174 belonged _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 space _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 group _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 P2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 unit _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 cell _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 parameters _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 31.9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 b _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 85.0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 95.0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 Å _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 Two _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 204 molecules _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 identified _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 per _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 asymmetric _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 unit _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 2dfa1f27d87881bc93d1521011a48c234f500113 1 Background _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 3 objectives _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 analyze _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 clinical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 features _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 coronavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 2019 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 18 evaluate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 diagnosis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 treatment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 Methods _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 25 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 26 retrospective _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 analysis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 clinical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 manifestation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 auxiliary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 examination _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 patients _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 Liyuan _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 Hospital _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 intensive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 care _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 unit _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 ICU _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 January _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 16 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 2020 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 February _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 2020 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 undertaken _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 Results _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 64 There _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 65 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 11 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 male _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 8 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 female _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 cases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 among _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 patients _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 77 median _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 range _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 age _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 73 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 85 38 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 91 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 years _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 90 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 Of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 92 these _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 patients _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 8 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 97 42.1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 had _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 101 died _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 103 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 median _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 duration _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 ICU _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 admission _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 death _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 114 interquartile _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 range _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 IQR _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 10.75 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 days _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 125 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 Seven _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 127 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 these _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 8 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 patients _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 had _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 underlying _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 diseases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 136 auxiliary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 examination _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 showed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 fever _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 141 68.4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 dry _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 146 cough _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 148 15.8 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 dyspnea _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 153 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 154 10.5 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 159 diarrhea _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 5.3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 All _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 166 19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 cases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 showed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 ground _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 glass _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 changes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 chest _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 computed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 tomography _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 Serum _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 179 hypersensitive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 C _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 reactive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 protein _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 hs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 CRP _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 serum _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 amylase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 SAA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 clearly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 increased _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 all _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 cases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 Among _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 206 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 cases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 there _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 211 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 16 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 214 84.2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 215 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 216 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 217 cases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 218 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 219 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 220 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 221 total _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 222 number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 223 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 224 lymphocytes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 225 decreased _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 226 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 227 12 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 228 cases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 229 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 230 63 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 231 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 232 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 233 had _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 234 reduced _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 235 liver _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 236 function _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 237 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 238 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 239 11 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 240 cases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 241 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 242 58 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 243 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 244 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 245 had _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 246 deviant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 247 results _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 248 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 249 fibrinogen _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 250 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 251 FIB _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 252 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 253 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 254 D _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 255 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 256 dimer _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 257 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 258 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 259 particular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 260 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 261 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 262 D _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 263 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 264 dimer _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 265 level _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 266 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 267 significantly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 268 higher _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 269 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 270 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 271 non _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 272 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 273 survivors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 274 compared _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 275 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 276 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 277 survivors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 278 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 279 Conclusion _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 280 There _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 281 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 282 more _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 283 men _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 284 than _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 285 women _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 286 among _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 287 critically _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 288 ill _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 289 patients _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 290 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 291 All _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 292 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 293 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 294 cases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 295 showed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 296 ground _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 297 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 298 glass _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 299 changes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 300 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 301 chest _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 302 computed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 303 tomography _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 304 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 305 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 306 vast _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 307 majority _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 308 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 309 patients _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 310 displayed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 311 fever _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 312 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 313 dry _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 314 cough _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 315 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 316 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 317 clinical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 318 laboratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 319 indices _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 320 change _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 321 significantly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 322 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 323 especially _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 324 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 325 D _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 326 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 327 dimer _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 328 level _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 329 among _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 330 non _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 331 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 332 survivors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 333 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 2ee2bfaa3b2b8d6b098b28103960403ecc7a3188 1 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 review _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 highlights _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 clinical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 scoring _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 tools _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 used _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 9 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 management _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 acute _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 pharyngotonsillitis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 primary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 care _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 clinics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 It _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 21 will _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 include _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 prevalence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 group _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 pharyngotonsillitis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 among _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 children _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 adults _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 worldwide _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 selective _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 tests _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 employed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 39 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 40 diagnosing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 group _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 streptococcal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 pharyngotonsillitis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 Pharyngotonsillitis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 47 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 one _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 common _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 reasons _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 visits _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 primary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 care _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 clinics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 worldwide _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 62 physicians _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 tend _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 prescribe _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 antibiotics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 according _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 clinical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 symptoms _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 74 leads _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 overprescribing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 antibiotics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 80 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 turn _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 may _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 lead _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 serious _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 impacts _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 severe _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 reactions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 92 may _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 promote _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 antibiotic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 resistance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 These _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 98 significantly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 add _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 care _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 costs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 108 available _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 information _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 organisations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 previous _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 studies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 indicated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 need _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 121 manage _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 diagnosis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 pharyngotonsillitis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 127 improve _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 prescribing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 habits _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 primary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 care _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 clinics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 2f904674d4fd87023b02950eeff6497be222926b 1 Massive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 molecular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 testing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 pointed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 fundamental _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 12 moderate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 spread _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 Pooling _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 20 methods _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 can _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 enhance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 testing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 efficiency _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 but _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 27 they _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 viable _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 only _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 very _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 low _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 prevalences _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 40 propose _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 Smart _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 Pooling _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 machine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 learning _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 method _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 49 uses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 sociodemographic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 data _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 patients _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 55 increase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 efficiency _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 pooled _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 molecular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 testing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 65 arranging _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 samples _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 into _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 all _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 negative _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 pools _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 74 show _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 efficiency _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 gains _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 42 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 respect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 individual _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 testing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 prevalence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 up _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 25 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 regime _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 97 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 two _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 step _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 pooling _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 offers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 marginal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 efficiency _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 gains _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 Additionally _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 108 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 calculate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 possible _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 efficiency _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 gains _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 one _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 two _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 dimensional _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 two _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 step _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 pooling _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 strategies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 128 present _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 optimal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 strategies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 prevalences _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 up _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 25 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 141 discuss _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 practical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 limitations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 145 conduct _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 pooling _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 laboratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 3053729be9dadd6180b0b30ed2048dec12bd0401 1 Gastroenteritis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 common _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 illness _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 causing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 7 considerable _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 morbidity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 mortality _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 worldwide _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 Despite _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 14 improvements _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 detection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 methods _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 20 significant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 diagnostic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 gap _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 still _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 remains _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 Human _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 27 bocavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 HBoV)s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 32 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 associated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 infections _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 39 also _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 frequently _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 detected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 stool _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 samples _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 cases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 gastroenteritis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 52 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 tentative _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 association _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 HBoVs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 particular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 type-2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 HBoVs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 gastroenteritis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 previously _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 made _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 72 aim _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 determine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 role _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 HBoVs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 gastroenteritis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 using _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 87 archived _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 DNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 samples _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 case _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 control _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 Infectious _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 Intestinal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 Disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 Study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 IID _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 DNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 104 extracted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 105 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 stool _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 samples _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 2,256 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 cases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 2,124 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 controls _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 115 tested _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 presence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 HBoV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 DNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 All _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 124 samples _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 screened _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 real _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 time _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 PCR _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 pan _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 HBoV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 assay _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 138 positive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 samples _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 then _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 tested _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 genotype _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 3-specific _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 assays _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 HBoV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 151 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 detected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 7.4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 but _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 157 no _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 significantly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 different _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 prevalence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 observed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 cases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 controls _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 169 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 genotype _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 specific _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 assays _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 106 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 324 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 HBoV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 positive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 samples _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 genotyped _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 186 HBoV-1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 predominantly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 found _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 controls _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 whilst _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 192 HBoV-2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 more _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 frequently _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 associated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 cases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 gastroenteritis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 202 p,0.01 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 3083c8b34f2b52c612601c0cedbd397681f79d46 1 Wildlife _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 frequently _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 neglected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 component _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 One _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 Health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 ; _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 however _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 12 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 linkages _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 wildlife _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 human _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 domestic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 animal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 environmental _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 clear _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 33 majority _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 emerging _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 zoonotic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 diseases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 linked _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 wildlife _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 primarily _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 44 driven _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 anthropogenic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 land _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 changes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 Despite _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 51 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 risk _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 wildlife _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 55 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 important _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 links _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 people _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 environmental _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 indicators _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 food _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 security _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 safety _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 through _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 human _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 livelihoods _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 75 chapter _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 will _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 describe _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 these _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 linkages _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 81 demonstrate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 need _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 85 understand _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 these _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 linkages _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 through _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 targeted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 surveillance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 understanding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 ecology _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 wildlife _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 diseases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 While _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 100 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 management _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 wildlife _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 diseases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 presents _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 significant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 challenge _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 such _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 111 practices _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 will _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 greatly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 improve _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 people _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 domestic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 animals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 wildlife _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 environment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 308feddda1dfd44c1ebb38dcc2d06bb6b2d5dddf 1 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 research _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 examines _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 whether _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 cities _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 getting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 more _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 equally _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 accessible _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 connected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 via _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 high _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 speed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 rail _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 HSR _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 China _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 over _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 period _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 2010 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 2015 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 Existing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 32 studies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 mainly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 use _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 network _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 centralities _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 38 describe _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 spatial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 pattern _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 HSR _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 network _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 without _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 46 measuring _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 spatial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 disparity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 these _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 centralities _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 55 most _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 them _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 rely _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 infrastructure _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 network _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 64 thus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 fail _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 incorporate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 HSR _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 service _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 quality _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 centrality _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 measures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 Using _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 77 HSR _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 timetable _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 data _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 82 incorporate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 both _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 scheduled _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 travel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 time _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 daily _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 frequency _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 each _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 origin _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 destination _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 pair _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 into _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 three _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 centrality _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 measures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 102 further _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 quantify _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 inequalities _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 using _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 107-108 Theil's _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 Theil _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 's _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 T _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 index _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 113 find _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 115 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 116 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 HSR _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 network _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 expands _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 cities _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 122 appear _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 more _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 equal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 terms _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 accessibility _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 but _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 133 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 disparities _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 connectivity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 transitivity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 depend _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 dimensions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 comparison _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 147 general _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 although _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 150 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 difference _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 economic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 regions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 megalopolises _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 reduced _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 small _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 162 / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 medium _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 sized _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 cities _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 168 belonging _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 any _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 major _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 cluster _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 175 further _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 lagged _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 behind _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 HSR _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 development _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 183 difference _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 core _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 non _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 core _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 cities _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 same _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 megalopolises _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 decreased _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 despite _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 198 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 non _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 core _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 cities _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 increasingly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 relying _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 core _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 cities _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 210 access _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 211 other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 regions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 30d2d2d37c2a884db55ab21d1cbd92abcff95fa2 1 Angiotensin _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 II _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 Ang _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 II _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 plays _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 important _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 role _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 cardiomyocyte _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 hypertrophy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 16 combined _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 effect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 hepatocyte _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 growth _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 factor _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 HGF _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 Ang _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 II _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 cardiomyocytes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 unknown _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 34 present _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 designed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 39 determine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 effect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 HGF _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 cardiomyocyte _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 hypertrophy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 48 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 explore _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 combined _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 effect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 HGF _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 Ang _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 II _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 cardiomyocyte _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 hypertrophy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 Primary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 63 cardiomyocytes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 isolated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 neonatal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 rat _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 hearts _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 71 cultured _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 vitro _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 Cells _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 76 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 treated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 Ang _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 II _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 82 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 µM _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 alone _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 86 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 HGF _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 89 10 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 ng _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 mL _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 alone _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 95 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 Ang _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 II _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 100 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 µM _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 plus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 104 HGF _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 106 10 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 ng _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 mL _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 112 24 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 48 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 72 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 h. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 120 amount _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 [ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 H]-leucine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 incorporation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 then _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 measured _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 130 evaluate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 protein _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 synthesis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 135 mRNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 levels _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 β _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 myosin _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 heavy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 chain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 atrial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 natriuretic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 factor _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 determined _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 real _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 time _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 PCR _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 155 evaluate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 presence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 fetal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 phenotypes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 gene _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 expression _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 166 cell _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 size _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 cardiomyocytes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 also _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 studied _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 Ang _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 175 II _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 177 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 µM _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 increased _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 181 cardiomyocyte _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 hypertrophy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 Similar _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 185 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 Ang _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 II _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 treatment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 µM _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 HGF _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 promoted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 cardiomyocyte _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 hypertrophy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 Moreover _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 199 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 combination _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 µM _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 Ang _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 II _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 10 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 ng _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 211 mL _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 HGF _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 clearly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 214 induced _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 215 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 216 combined _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 217 pro _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 218 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 219 hypertrophy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 220 effect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 221 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 222 cardiomyocytes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 223 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 224 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 225 present _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 226 study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 227 demonstrates _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 228 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 229 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 230 first _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 231 time _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 232 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 233 novel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 234 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 235 combined _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 236 effect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 237 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 238 HGF _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 239 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 240 Ang _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 241 II _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 242 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 243 promoting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 244 cardiomyocyte _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 245 hypertrophy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 246 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 30e3307d100a7954c970537d7c295bd689551e31 1 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 paper _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 virtue _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 binomial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 inversion _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 formula _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 general _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 formula _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 higher _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 order _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 derivatives _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 ratio _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 two _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 differentiable _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 function _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 techniques _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 authors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 compute _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 several _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 sums _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 terms _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 beta _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 function _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 its _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 partial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 derivatives _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 polygamma _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 functions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 Gauss _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 hypergeometric _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 function _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 determinant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 These _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 61 results _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 generalize _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 known _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 ones _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 combinatorics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 332fcb86ed263f7c46ee3aea82c682c8198074ed 1 Coronavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 2019 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 challenging _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 nurse _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 leaders _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 adopt _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 new _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 decisionmaking _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 practices _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 Nurse _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 14 leaders _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 who _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 16 support _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 evidence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 based _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 nursing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 practice _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 create _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 23 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 culture _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 inquiry _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 28 lay _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 foundation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 use _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 evidence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 37 inform _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 management _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 decisions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 42 article _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 uses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 case _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 48 describe _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 evidence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 based _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 management _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 process _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 57 authors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 provide _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 strategies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 nurse _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 leaders _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 64 develop _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 evidence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 based _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 management _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 competencies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 71 build _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 culture _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 75 support _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 use _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 evidence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 81 inform _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 decision _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 making _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 leadership _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 management _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 339795c794c410e24bee37d47d07c7a3c5081063 1 Diagnostic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 testing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 novel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 coronavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 important _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 tool _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 12 fight _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 coronavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 Covid-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 pandemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 However _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 22 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 testing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 capacities _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 limited _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 29 modified _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 testing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 protocol _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 whereby _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 34 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 probes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 ' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 pooled _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 ' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 i.e. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 grouped _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 48 known _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 increase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 capacity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 testing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 Here _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 57 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 model _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 pooled _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 testing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 double _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 average _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 model _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 70 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 think _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 close _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 reality _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 Covid-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 testing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 82 optimal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 pool _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 size _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 effect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 test _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 errors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 considered _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 95 results _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 show _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 98 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 best _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 pool _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 size _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 three _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 five _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 under _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 reasonable _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 assumptions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 Pool _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 112 testing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 even _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 reduces _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 false _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 positives _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 absence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 dilution _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 effects _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 33db9d032b967485d628f73408ebfb6953db40a7 1 2019-nCoV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 novel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 coronavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 7 isolated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 identified _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 2019 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 Wuhan _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 China _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 On _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 18 17th _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 February _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 according _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 world _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 organization _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 71 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 429 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 confirmed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 cases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 worldwide _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 among _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 37 them _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 2162 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 new _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 cases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 recorded _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 last _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 24 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 hours _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 There _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 49 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 no _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 drug _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 vaccine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 human _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 animal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 coronavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 61 inhibition _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 3CL _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 hydrolase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 enzyme _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 provides _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 promising _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 therapeutic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 principle _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 72 developing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 treatments _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 against _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 CoViD-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 78 3CLpro _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 Mpro _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 known _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 involving _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 counteracting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 host _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 innate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 immune _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 response _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 94 work _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 presents _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 inhibitory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 effect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 some _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 natural _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 compounds _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 against _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 3CL _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 hydrolase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 enzyme _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 109 explain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 main _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 interactions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 inhibitor _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 enzyme _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 complex _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 Molecular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 120 docking _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 carried _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 out _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 using _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 125 Autodock _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 Vina _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 By _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 129 screening _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 several _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 molecules _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 134 identified _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 three _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 candidate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 agents _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 139 inhibit _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 main _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 protease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 coronavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 Hispidin _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 147 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 lepidine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 E _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 folic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 acid _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 bound _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 tightly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 enzyme _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 strong _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 hydrogen _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 bonds _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 formed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 167 1.69 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 1.80Å _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 172 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 active _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 site _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 residues _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 178 study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 provides _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 possible _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 therapeutic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 strategy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 CoViD-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 343fbf921e4d8fab5e51739b0914eb6e05ec4e34 1 Background _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 4 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 outbreak _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 required _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 significantly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 increased _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 working _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 time _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 intensity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 professionals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 China _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 21 may _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 cause _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 stress _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 signs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 Methods _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 27 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 From _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 29 March _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 13 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 2020 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 4,618 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 professionals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 China _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 included _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 anonymous _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 self _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 rated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 online _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 survey _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 regarding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 53 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 concerns _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 exposure _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 outbreak _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 63 questionnaires _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 consisted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 five _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 parts _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 basic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 70 demographic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 information _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 epidemiological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 exposure _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 ; _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 occupational _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 psychological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 impact _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 ; _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 concerns _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 during _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 episode _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 ; _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 coping _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 strategies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 ; _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 Huaxi _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 Emotional _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 Distress _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 Index _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 HEI _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 Results _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 101 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 About _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 103 24.2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 respondents _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 experienced _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 high _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 levels _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 anxiety _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 depressive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 symptoms _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 since _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 outbreak _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 Respondents _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 123 who _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 124 worried _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 about _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 physical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 130 those _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 who _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 132 had _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 infected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 friends _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 close _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 relatives _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 140 more _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 likely _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 high _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 HEI _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 levels _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 than _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 those _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 without _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 these _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 characteristics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 Further _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 155 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 family _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 relationship _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 found _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 independent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 protective _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 effect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 against _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 high _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 HEI _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 levels _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 Their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 172 main _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 concerns _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 families _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 would _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 cared _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 they _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 would _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 able _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 work _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 properly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 Compared _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 195 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 respondents _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 clear _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 emotional _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 problems _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 those _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 203 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 somewhat _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 hidden _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 emotional _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 issues _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 adopted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 more _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 positive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 211 coping _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 measures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 214 Conclusions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 215 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 216 About _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 217 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 218 quarter _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 219 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 220 medical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 221 staff _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 222 experienced _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 223 psychological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 224 problems _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 225 during _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 226 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 227 pandemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 228 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 229 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 230 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 231 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 232 psychological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 233 impact _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 234 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 235 stressful _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 236 events _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 237 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 238 related _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 239 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 240 worrying _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 241 about _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 242 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 243 physical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 244 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 245 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 246 having _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 247 close _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 248 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 249 infected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 250 acquaintances _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 251 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 252 family _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 253 relationship _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 254 issues _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 255 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 256 Therefore _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 257 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 258 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 259 psychological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 260 supprot _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 261 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 262 medical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 263 staff _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 264 fighting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 265 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 266 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 267 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 268 pandemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 269 may _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 270 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 271 needed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 272 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 351d20dcf8e841056a5e9884ab688e120db82620 1 Avian _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 infectious _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 bronchitis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 IB _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 major _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 cause _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 economic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 losses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 poultry _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 industry _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 19 IB _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 primarily _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 affects _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 tract _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 but _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 27 various _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 strains _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 differ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 tropism _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 target _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 organs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 such _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 38 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 kidney _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 alimentary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 tract _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 45 objective _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 estimate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 pathogenicity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 Iranian _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 IBV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 variant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 IR-1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 63 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 limited _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 exclusively _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 Iran _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 Specific _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 70 pathogen _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 free _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 chicks _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 inoculated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 intranasally _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 Sera _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 78 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 fecal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 swabs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 different _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 tissue _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 samples _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 collected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 different _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 days _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 post _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 DPI _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 Clinical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 97 signs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 gross _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 pathology _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 histological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 changes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 recorded _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 108 viral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 load _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 quantified _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 RNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 extractions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 different _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 tissue _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 samples _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 using _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 121 real _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 time _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 PCR _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 Anti _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 127 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 IBV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 antibodies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 detected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 serum _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 samples _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 137 IgG _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 antibody _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 found _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 21 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 28 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 DPI _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 Severe _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 148 histological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 lesions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 observed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 trachea _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 lung _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 while _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 158 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 lesions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 kidney _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 appeared _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 milder _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 Viral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 169 RNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 detected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 all _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 tested _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 tissues _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 DPI _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 last _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 day _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 experiment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 188 highest _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 viral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 load _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 measured _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 trachea _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 feces _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 st _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 5 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 th _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 DPI _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 respectively _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 It _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 209 can _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 211 concluded _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 213 IR-1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 214 had _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 215 broad _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 216 tropism _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 217 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 218 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 219 tract _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 220 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 221 digestive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 222 system _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 223 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 224 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 225 renal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 226 tissue _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 227 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 228 reflecting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 229 its _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 230 epitheliotropic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 231 nature _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 232 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 233 but _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 234 it _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 235 caused _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 236 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 237 most _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 238 severe _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 239 lesions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 240 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 241 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 242 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 243 tract _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 244 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 245 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 246 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 247 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 248 first _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 249 pathogenicity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 250 study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 251 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 252 Iranian _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 253 IR-1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 254 IBV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 255 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 256 Further _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 257 knowledge _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 258 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 259 IBV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 260 pathogenesis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 261 provides _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 262 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 263 groundwork _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 264 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 265 inform _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 266 more _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 267 effective _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 268 prevention _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 269 practices _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 270 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 351fca8e4bd7321d75ec0227794deb0db3567540 1 Porcine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 epidemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 diarrhea _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 PEDV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 10 emerged _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 United _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 States _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 2013 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 19 spread _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 throughout _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 North _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 America _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 Limited _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 25 availability _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 PEDV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 complete _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 genomes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 worldwide _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 impeded _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 our _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 understanding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 PEDV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 introduction _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 into _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 United _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 States _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 To _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 44 determine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 relationship _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 North _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 American _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 strains _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 global _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 emerging _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 historic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 PEDV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 strains _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 61 sequenced _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 analyzed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 complete _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 genomes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 74 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 strains _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 North _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 America _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 ; _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 74 strains _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 clustered _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 into _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 distinct _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 clades _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 Compared _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 82 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 initially _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 reported _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 virulent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 US _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 PEDV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 strains _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 7 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 92 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 93 9.7 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 strains _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 97 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 states _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 contained _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 insertions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 deletions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 spike _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 gene _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 S _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 INDELs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 These _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 114 S _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 INDEL _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 strains _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 share _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 99.8%-100 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 nt _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 identity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 each _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 96.2%-96.7 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 nt _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 identity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 initial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 US _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 strains _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 Furthermore _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 137 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 S _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 IN _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 DEL _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 strains _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 form _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 distinct _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 cluster _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 within _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 North _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 American _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 clade _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 II _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 sharing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 98.6%-100 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 nt _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 identity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 overall _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 162 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 United _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 States _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 S _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 INDEL _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 original _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 PEDV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 strains _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 cocirculating _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 176 could _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 introduced _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 simultaneously _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 36d1ce29e9a96454ecd03db6c5e970052cb82abb 1 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 susceptibility _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 porcine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 peripheral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 blood _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 monocytes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 BMo _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 peritoneal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 macrophages _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 PMf _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 alveolar _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 macrophages _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 AMf _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 PRRSV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 examined _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 To _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 33 test _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 effect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 differentiation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 activation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 susceptibility _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 AMf _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 45 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 BMo _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 aged _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 cultivated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 51 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 either _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 adhesion _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 suspension _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 57 treated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 bacterial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 lipopolysaccharide _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 LPS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 phorbol _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 myristate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 acetate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 PMA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 It _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 73 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 found _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 freshly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 isolated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 PMf _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 BMo _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 non _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 permissive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 PRRSV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 PMf _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 89 remained _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 refractory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 but _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 92 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 few _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 BMo _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 became _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 susceptible _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 after _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 day _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 cultivation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 AMf _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 103 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 permissive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 significant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 increase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 susceptibility _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 after _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 one _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 day _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 cultivation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 118 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 binding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 assay _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 it _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 demonstrated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 attachment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 biotinylated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 PRRSV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 AMf _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 much _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 more _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 efficient _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 than _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 PMf _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 BMo _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 Two _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 144 monoclonal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 antibodies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 Mabs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 41D3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 41D5 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 153 block _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 PRRSV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 AMf _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 159 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 directed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 against _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 candidate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 receptor _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 PRRSV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 only _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 168 reacted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 cell _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 membrane _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 AMf _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 PMA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 177 treatment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 AMf _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 blocked _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 PRRSV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 replication _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 cells _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 dose _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 dependent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 manner _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 194 blocking _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 effect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 PMA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 decreased _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 after _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 h _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 continuous _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 pre _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 treatment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 207 diminished _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 after _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 24 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 h _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 211 continuous _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 pre _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 214 treatment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 215 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 216 PMA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 217 treatment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 218 did _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 219 not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 220 affect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 221 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 222 binding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 223 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 224 PRRSV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 225 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 226 MAb _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 227 41D3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 228 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 229 41D5 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 230 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 231 AMf _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 232 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 233 Direct _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 234 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 235 indirect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 236 treatment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 237 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 238 AMf _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 239 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 240 BMo _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 241 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 242 LPS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 243 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 244 cultivation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 245 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 246 suspension _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 247 did _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 248 not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 249 significantly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 250 affect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 251 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 252 susceptibility _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 253 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 254 These _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 255 results _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 256 provide _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 257 clear _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 258 evidence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 259 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 260 PRRSV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 261 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 262 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 263 strongly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 264 restricted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 265 tropism _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 266 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 267 only _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 268 some _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 269 sub _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 270 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 271 populations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 272 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 273 porcine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 274 monocytes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 275 / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 276 macrophages _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 277 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 278 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 279 some _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 280 specific _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 281 states _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 282 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 283 differentiation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 284 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 285 activation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 286 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 287 monocytes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 288 / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 289 macrophages _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 290 considerably _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 291 affect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 292 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 293 susceptibility _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 294 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 3835ee8683c9c63e71a30ea92a36903117d467b9 1 As _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 ongoing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 pandemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 posed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 huge _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 challenge _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 global _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 public _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 emphasis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 16 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 personal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 hygiene _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 caused _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 extraordinary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 daily _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 use _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 detergents _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 household _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 cleaning _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 products _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 Since _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 31 antibacterial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 cleaning _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 products _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 capacity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 38 change _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 environmental _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 microbiome _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 increased _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 44 exposure _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 household _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 disinfectants _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 could _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 associated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 alterations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 human _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 microbiota _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 composition _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 function _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 Moreover _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 61 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 emerging _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 links _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 household _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 cleaning _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 products _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 occurrence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 non _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 communicable _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 diseases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 antibiotic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 resistance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 may _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 involve _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 gut _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 microbiome _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 86 mediating _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 effects _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 disturbed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 gut _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 microbiota _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 associations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 home _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 use _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 cleaning _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 products _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 life _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 long _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 consequences _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 documented _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 some _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 observational _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 studies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 Regarding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 115 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 evidence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 associated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 reduction _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 exposure _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 non _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 pathogenic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 commensal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 bacteria _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 gut _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 dysbiosis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 further _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 132 study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 required _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 136 assess _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 effect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 massive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 use _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 cleaning _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 products _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 during _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 pandemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 long _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 term _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 host _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 mediated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 155 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 altered _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 microbiota _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 161 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 context _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 recommendations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 166 consume _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 probiotics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 fermented _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 foods _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 might _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 172 reverse _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 consequences _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 176 alleviating _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 dysbiosis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 38824de74c353c895d96ee1a20ce43956363ff9b 1 Viruses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 use _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 cell _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 machinery _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 6 replicate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 genome _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 10 produce _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 viral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 proteins _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 For _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 15 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 reason _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 several _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 intracellular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 factors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 including _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 23 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 redox _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 might _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 28 directly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 indirectly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 affect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 progression _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 outcome _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 viral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 41 physiological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 conditions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 redox _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 balance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 oxidant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 antioxidant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 species _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 maintained _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 enzymatic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 non _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 enzymatic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 systems _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 63 it _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 finely _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 regulates _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 several _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 cell _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 functions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 Different _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 71 viruses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 break _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 equilibrium _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 76 induce _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 oxidative _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 stress _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 81 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 turn _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 facilitates _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 specific _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 steps _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 lifecycle _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 91 activates _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 inflammatory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 response _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 97 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 context _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 many _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 studies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 highlighted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 importance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 redox _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 sensitive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 pathways _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 novel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 cell _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 based _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 targets _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 therapies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 aimed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 119 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 blocking _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 both _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 viral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 replication _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 induced _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 inflammation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 131 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 review _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 discuss _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 most _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 recent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 findings _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 field _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 145 particular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 describe _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 effects _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 natural _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 synthetic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 redox _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 modulating _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 molecules _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 160 inhibiting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 DNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 RNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 replication _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 well _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 inflammatory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 pathways _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 173 importance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 antioxidant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 transcription _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 factor _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 Nrf2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 also _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 discussed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 Most _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 185 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 data _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 reported _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 189 here _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 191 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 influenza _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 197 believe _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 199 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 approach _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 could _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 usefully _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 applied _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 206 fight _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 acute _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 viral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 211 infections _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 characterized _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 213 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 214 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 215 strong _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 216 inflammatory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 217 response _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 218 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 219 like _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 220 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 221 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 388f183cd243466d793691e37972dd09b651348a 1 People _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 most _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 risk _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 influenza _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 complications _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 elderly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 impaired _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 immunity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 Clinical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 16 picture _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 influenza _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 includes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 symptoms _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 such _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 24 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 chills _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 increased _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 body _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 temperature _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 dry _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 cough _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 chest _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 pain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 dizziness _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 well _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 headaches _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 muscle _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 aches _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 48 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 diagnosis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 influenza _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 quick _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 effective _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 tests _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 necessary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 Sensitive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 61 diagnostic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 methods _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 molecular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 biology _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 require _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 more _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 time _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 but _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 71 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 result _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 firmly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 confirm _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 exclude _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 presence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 genetic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 material _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 influenza _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 viruses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 Influenza _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 91 vaccination _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 plays _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 important _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 role _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 97 combating _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 influenza _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 Unfortunately _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 102 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 awareness _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 vaccination _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 benefits _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 insufficient _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 Poland _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 114 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 demonstrate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 results _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 examination _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 4,507 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 people _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 aged _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 126 over _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 14 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 years _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 toward _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 130 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 influenza _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 epidemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 season _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 2017/18 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 Most _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 141 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 confirmed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 infections _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 reported _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 older _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 people _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 aged _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 151 over _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 65 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 155 high _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 risk _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 population _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 group _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 162 low _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 percentage _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 vaccinated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 population _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 may _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 affect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 increased _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 confirmed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 influenza _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 viruses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 elderly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 182 findings _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 demonstrate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 need _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 187 increase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 awareness _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 vaccination _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 benefits _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 194 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 particularly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 essential _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 198 avoid _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 influenza _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 elderly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 39037d14bf47bea9a4721c8f331da9661f18fef5 1 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 work _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 construct _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 mathematical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 model _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 transmission _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 spread _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 coronavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 2019 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 Our _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 22 model _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 features _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 delay _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 terms _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 27 account _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 time _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 lapse _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 latency _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 period _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 contracting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 displaying _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 symptoms _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 b _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 time _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 lag _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 54 testing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 patients _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 due _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 60 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 limited _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 testing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 facilities _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 currently _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 available _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 71 find _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 73 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 delay _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 introduces _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 significant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 disparity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 actual _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 reported _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 time _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 trajectories _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 cases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 particular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 region _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 Specifically _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 95 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 reported _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 case _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 histories _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 lag _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 actual _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 histories _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 few _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 days _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 Hence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 110 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 112 minimize _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 spread _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 lockdowns _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 120 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 similarly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 drastic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 social _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 isolation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 measures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 need _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 imposed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 some _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 131 time _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 before _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 reported _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 figures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 approaching _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 peak _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 values _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 143 then _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 account _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 social _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 reality _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 150 lockdowns _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 can _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 only _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 limited _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 duration _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 view _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 practical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 considerations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 165 find _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 167 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 most _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 effective _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 interval _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 172 imposing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 such _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 limited _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 time _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 lockdown _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 180 one _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 where _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 182 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 midpoint _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 lockdown _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 period _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 coincides _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 actual _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 peak _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 spread _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 absence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 lockdown _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 207 further _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 show _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 210 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 211 true _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 effectivity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 214 imposing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 215 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 216 lockdown _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 217 may _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 218 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 219 misrepresented _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 220 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 221 grossly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 222 underestimated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 223 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 224 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 225 reported _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 226 case _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 227 trajectories _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 228 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 229 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 230 days _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 231 following _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 232 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 233 action _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 234 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 3a8a064e3c2e791777f54f39a797baf90c97b653 1 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 epidemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 resulted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 many _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 hospitals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 practices _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 cancel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 person _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 outpatient _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 clinic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 visits _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 where _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 21 head _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 neck _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 patients _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 receive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 critical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 longitudinal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 care _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 Out _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 32 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 necessity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 most _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 practices _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 encouraged _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 use _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 telemedicine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 method _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 47 maintain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 continuum _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 care _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 patients _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 As _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 57 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 result _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 prevalence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 telemedicine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 grown _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 rapidly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 during _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 pandemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 without _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 72 allowing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 physicians _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 patients _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 adequately _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 educated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 how _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 best _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 utilize _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 services _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 There _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 90 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 steep _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 learning _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 curve _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 learned _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 101 our _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 goal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 provide _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 guidelines _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 both _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 patients _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 physicians _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 well _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 valuable _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 patient _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 handout _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 preparation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 visit _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 3dc5bf516803b9db568e51276d44ce5f1562d098 1 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 current _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 explosive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 outbreak _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 coronavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 posing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 serious _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 threats _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 public _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 economy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 around _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 world _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 To _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 21 clarify _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 coupling _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 mechanism _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 economy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 32 new _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 dynamical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 system _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 established _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 It _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 39 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 theoretically _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 proved _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 basic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 reproduction _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 nonlinear _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 combination _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 parameters _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 regarding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 54 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 transmission _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 intervention _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 economy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 effect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 63 totally _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 determines _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 stability _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 free _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 endemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 equilibria _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 Further _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 77 results _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 indicate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 existence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 interaction _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 mutual _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 restraint _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 among _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 transmission _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 intervention _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 economy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 95 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 strong _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 coupling _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 economy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 would _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 trigger _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 outbreak _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 107 form _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 poverty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 trap _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 while _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 112 adaptive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 isolation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 risk _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 population _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 could _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 effectively _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 reduce _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 morbidity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 cost _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 least _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 economic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 loss _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 Our _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 132 findings _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 can _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 offer _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 new _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 insights _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 138 improve _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 intervention _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 strategies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 against _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 3efed917d1be127696f7c6c8194b9ce2ed9cec6a 1 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 article _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 examines _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 political _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 criminological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 history _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 anti _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 money _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 controls _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 including _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 16 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 involvement _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 Asian _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 countries _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 varied _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 motivations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 interests _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 engaged _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 It _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 30 goes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 review _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 where _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 empirical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 evidence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 used _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 can _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 used _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 45 fighting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 financial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 components _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 50 underlying _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 crimes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 examining _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 54 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 denotation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 problem(s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 61 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 supposed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 fighting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 67 money _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 laundering _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 evil _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 itself _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 and/or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 underlying _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 crimes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 79 give _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 rise _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 it _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 ; _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 estimates _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 85 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 size _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 harmfulness _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 problems _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 94 identifies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 any _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 improvements _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 emerging _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 problems _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 assessment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 money _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 laundering _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 It _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 108 concludes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 some _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 reflections _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 assessing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 policy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 effectiveness _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 need _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 greater _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 engagement _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 criminologists _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 social _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 scientists _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 process _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 3f8693d47aa1365387a666ecb41f5ced3ee2fc3e 1 Use _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 pecan _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 shell _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 fiber _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 human _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 food _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 presently _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 limited _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 but _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 14 could _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 increase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 pending _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 demonstration _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 safety _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 22 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 91-day _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 rat _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 pecan _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 shell _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 fiber _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 administered _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 dietary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 concentrations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 control _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 50 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 000 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 100 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 000 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 150 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 000 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 ppm _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 There _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 52 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 no _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 effect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 ingredient _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 body _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 weight _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 males _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 females _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 food _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 consumption _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 females _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 Statistically _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 72 significant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 increases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 food _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 consumption _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 observed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 throughout _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 100 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 000 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 150 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 000 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 ppm _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 males _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 resulting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 92 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 intermittent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 decreases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 food _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 efficiency _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 99 150 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 000 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 ppm _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 males _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 only _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 106 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 biologically _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 relevant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 All _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 112 animals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 survived _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 115 no _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 adverse _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 clinical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 signs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 functional _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 changes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 attributable _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 test _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 material _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 There _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 130 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 no _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 toxicologically _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 relevant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 changes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 hematology _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 clinical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 chemistry _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 urinalysis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 parameters _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 organ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 weights _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 rats _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 ingesting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 149 pecan _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 shell _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 fiber _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 Any _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 154 macroscopic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 microscopic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 findings _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 incidental _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 normal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 variation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 and/or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 minimal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 magnitude _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 test _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 substance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 association _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 Pecan _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 174 shell _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 fiber _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 non _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 mutagenic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 bacterial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 reverse _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 mutation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 test _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 non _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 clastogenic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 mouse _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 peripheral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 blood _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 micronucleus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 test _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 Based _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 199 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 these _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 results _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 pecan _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 204 shell _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 fiber _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 oral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 subchronic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 211 13-week _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 no _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 214 observable _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 215 adverse _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 216 effect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 217 level _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 218 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 219 NOAEL _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 220 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 221 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 222 150 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 223 000 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 224 ppm _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 225 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 226 rats _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 227 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 228 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 229 not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 230 genotoxic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 231 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 232 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 233 doses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 234 analyzed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 235 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 3fe0d4ab3e3152159123b351f7adc98186d01449 1 Coronavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 2019 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 i.e. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 imposed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 public _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 measure _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 14 keeping _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 social _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 distancing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 18 preventing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 mass _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 transmission _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 For _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 25 monitoring _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 social _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 distancing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 30 keeping _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 trace _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 transmission _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 37 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 obligated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 develop _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 various _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 types _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 digital _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 surveillance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 systems _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 49 include _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 contact _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 tracing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 systems _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 drone _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 based _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 monitoring _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 systems _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 Due _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 61 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 inconvenience _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 manual _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 labor _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 traditional _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 69 contact _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 tracing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 systems _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 gradually _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 replaced _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 efficient _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 automated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 contact _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 tracing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 applications _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 83 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 developed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 smartphones _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 However _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 89 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 commencement _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 automated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 contact _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 tracing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 applications _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 introduces _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 inevitable _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 privacy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 security _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 challenges _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 Nevertheless _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 106 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 unawareness _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 and/or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 lack _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 smartphone _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 usage _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 among _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 mass _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 people _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 lead _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 drone _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 based _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 monitoring _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 systems _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 These _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 125 systems _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 also _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 invite _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 unwelcomed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 privacy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 security _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 challenges _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 135 paper _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 discusses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 recently _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 designed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 developed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 digital _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 surveillance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 system _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 applications _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 protocols _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 deployed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 150 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 several _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 countries _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 around _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 world _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 Their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 158 privacy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 security _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 challenges _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 discussed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 well _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 analyzed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 viewpoint _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 privacy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 acts _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 Several _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 176 recommendations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 suggested _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 separately _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 automated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 contact _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 tracing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 systems _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 drone _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 based _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 monitoring _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 systems _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 193 could _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 further _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 explored _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 implemented _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 afterwards _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 201 prevent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 any _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 possible _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 privacy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 violation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 207 protect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 unsuspecting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 person _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 211 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 any _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 potential _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 214 cyber _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 215 attack _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 216 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 4033e2eca1d60dd76eb5d894dad074202cb21d96 1 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 standard _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 reference _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 6 confirming _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 relies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 9 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 microbiological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 tests _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 such _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 13 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 real _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 time _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 polymerase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 chain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 reaction _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 RT _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 PCR _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 sequencing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 However _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 29 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 these _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 tests _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 might _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 available _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 emergency _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 setting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 Computed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 42 tomography _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 CT _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 can _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 used _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 important _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 complement _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 diagnosis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 pneumonia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 current _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 epidemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 context _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 66 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 review _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 present _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 typical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 CT _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 features _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 pneumonia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 79 discuss _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 main _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 differential _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 diagnosis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 4043a852290c8823faa76b7592c9f9927c7d0928 1 Patients _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 severe _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 acute _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 syndrome _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 SARS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 may _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 present _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 extra _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 pulmonary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 symptoms _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 19 report _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 16-year _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 old _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 adolescent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 SARS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 who _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 28 presented _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 diarrhoea _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 Treatment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 33 directed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 34 against _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 SARS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 37 prompted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 epidemiological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 link _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 clinical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 picture _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 47 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 evolved _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 52 atypical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 presentation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 posed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 diagnostic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 challenge _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 physicians _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 Conclusion _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 62 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 Proper _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 64 disposal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 patient _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 excreta _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 important _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 71 prevent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 spread _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 severe _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 acute _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 syndrome _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 41a35d16de1630c28ba07b3ab3b7ab78ccef25ac 1 Mesenchymal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 stem _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 cells _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 MSCs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 extensively _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 investigated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 treatment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 various _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 diseases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 19 therapeutic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 potential _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 MSCs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 attributed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 complex _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 cellular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 molecular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 mechanisms _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 action _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 including _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 34 differentiation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 into _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 multiple _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 cell _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 lineages _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 regulation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 immune _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 responses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 via _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 immunomodulation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 48 plasticity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 MSCs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 immunomodulation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 allow _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 these _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 cells _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 exert _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 different _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 immune _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 effects _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 depending _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 62 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 different _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 diseases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 Understanding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 67 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 biology _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 MSCs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 role _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 treatment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 critical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 79 determine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 potential _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 various _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 therapeutic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 applications _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 development _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 MSC _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 based _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 regenerative _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 medicine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 98 review _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 summarizes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 recent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 progress _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 particular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 mechanisms _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 underlying _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 107 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 tissue _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 regenerative _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 properties _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 immunomodulatory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 effects _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 MSCs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 118 focused _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 discussing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 functional _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 roles _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 paracrine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 activities _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 direct _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 cell _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 cell _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 contact _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 mitochondrial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 transfer _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 extracellular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 vesicles _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 related _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 141 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 MSC _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 mediated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 effects _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 immune _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 cell _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 responses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 cell _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 survival _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 regeneration _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 158 will _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 provide _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 overview _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 current _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 research _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 rapid _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 development _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 MSC _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 based _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 therapies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 4395141eef1089f1c75a14912fade412fd694c19 1 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 glycosylated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 membrane _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 protein _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 M _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 severe _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 acute _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 syndrome _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 associated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 coronavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 SARS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 CoV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 main _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 structural _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 component _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 virion _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 28 mediates _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 assembly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 budding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 viral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 particles _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 37 membrane _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 topology _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 SARS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 CoV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 M _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 functional _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 significance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 its _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 N _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 glycosylation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 completely _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 understood _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 58 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 its _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 interaction _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 surface _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 glycoprotein _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 S. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 Using _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 67 biochemical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 immunofluorescence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 analyses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 72 found _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 74 M _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 consists _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 short _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 glycosylated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 N _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 terminal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 ectodomain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 three _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 transmembrane _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 segments _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 long _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 immunogenic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 C _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 terminal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 endodomain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 Although _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 99 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 N _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 glycosylation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 site _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 M _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 seems _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 highly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 conserved _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 group _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 coronaviruses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 studies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 119 using _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 120 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 recombinant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 SARS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 CoV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 expressing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 126 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 glycosylation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 deficient _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 M _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 revealed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 132 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 133 N _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 glycosylation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 M _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 neither _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 influence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 shape _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 virions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 nor _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 infectivity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 cell _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 culture _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 Further _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 153 functional _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 analysis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 truncated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 M _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 proteins _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 showed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 161 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 N _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 terminal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 134 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 amino _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 acids _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 comprising _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 169 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 three _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 transmembrane _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 domains _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 174 sufficient _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 176 mediate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 accumulation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 M _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 Golgi _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 complex _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 185 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 enforce _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 recruitment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 viral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 spike _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 protein _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 S _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 sites _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 assembly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 budding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 ERGIC _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 43b340eb1776b4c487c7893797fd744fc3fdb04e 1 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 paper _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 suggest _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 real _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 time _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 online _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 shopper _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 behavior _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 prediction _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 system _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 17 predicts _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19-20 visitor's _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 visitor _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 's _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 shopping _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 intent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 24 soon _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 website _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 visited _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 To _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 32 do _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 36 rely _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 session _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 visitor _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 information _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 43 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 investigate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 naïve _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 Bayes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 classifier _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 C4.5 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 decision _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 tree _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 random _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 forest _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 Furthermore _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 57 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 use _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 oversampling _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 62 improve _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 performance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 scalability _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 each _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 classifier _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 73 results _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 show _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 76 random _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 forest _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 produces _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 significantly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 higher _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 accuracy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 F1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 Score _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 than _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 compared _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 techniques _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 43c284998733a1d7cc474d14c378f08e4b509c63 1 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 mosquito _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 borne _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 chikungunya _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 CHIKV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 causes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 chikungunya _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 fever _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 clinical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 presentations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 such _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 18 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 severe _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 back _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 small _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 joint _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 pain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 debilitating _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 arthritis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 associated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 30 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 crippling _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 pains _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 34 persist _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 weeks _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 even _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 years _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 Although _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 42 there _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 several _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 studies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 47 evaluate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 efficacy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 drugs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 against _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 CHIKV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 56 treatment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 chikungunya _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 fever _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 mainly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 symptom _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 based _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 66 no _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 effective _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 licensed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 vaccine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 antiviral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 available _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 Here _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 76 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 investigated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 antiviral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 activity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 three _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 types _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 flavonoids _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 against _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 CHIKV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 vitro _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 replication _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 Three _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 94 compounds _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 silymarin _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 97 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 quercetin _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 kaempferol _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 102 evaluated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 vitro _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 antiviral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 activities _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 against _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 CHIKV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 using _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 112 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 CHIKV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 replicon _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 cell _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 line _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 clinical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 isolate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 CHIKV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 Central _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 East _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 African _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 genotype _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 130 cytopathic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 effect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 inhibition _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 assay _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 used _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 137 determine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 activities _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 CHIKV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 viral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 replication _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 145 quantitative _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 reverse _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 transcription _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 PCR _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 used _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 152 calculate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 yield _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 Antiviral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 157 activity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 effective _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 compound _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 further _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 investigated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 evaluation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 CHIKV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 protein _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 expression _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 using _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 171 western _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 blotting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 CHIKV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 nsP1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 nsP3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 E2E1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 proteins _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 Briefly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 184 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 silymarin _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 exhibited _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 significant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 antiviral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 activity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 against _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 CHIKV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 reducing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 194 both _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 CHIKV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 replication _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 efficiency _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 down _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 regulating _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 production _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 viral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 proteins _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 involved _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 207 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 replication _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 211 study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 may _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 214 important _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 215 consequence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 216 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 217 broaden _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 218 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 219 chance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 220 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 221 getting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 222 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 223 effective _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 224 antiviral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 225 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 226 CHIKV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 227 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 228 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 43d2016cbba1ca1e17e68352c290dd58c52349ab 1 Background _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 3 aim _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 assess _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 multiplex _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 PCR _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 analysis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 14 detecting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 causative _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 viruses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 children _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 febrile _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 seizures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 Methods _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 24 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 25 study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 retrospective _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 analysis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 comparing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 31 data _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 pre _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 multiplex _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 era _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 2009 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 period _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 after _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 introduction _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 routine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 multiplex _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 analysis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 2010 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 2013 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 children _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 febrile _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 seizures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 Results _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 64 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 65 included _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 200 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 children _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 febrile _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 seizures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 72 mean _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 age _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 29.5 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 ± _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 1.4.months _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 ; _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 104 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 male _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 83 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 87 2009 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 10 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 out _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 49 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 95 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 children _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 99 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 microbiology _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 testing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 103 bacterial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 fungal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 108 positive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 compared _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 110 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 rate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 74 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 out _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 151 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 119 49 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 children _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 123 during _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 2010 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 2013 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 128 p _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 < _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 0.01 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 134 rate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 positive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 virological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 studies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 increased _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 10 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 143 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 147 2009 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 73 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 151 48.3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 155 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 period _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 2010 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 2013 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 161 p _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 < _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 0.01 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 Multiplex _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 167 PCR _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 analysis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 confirmed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 viral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 infections _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 52 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 73 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 cases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 178 71.2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 Conclusion _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 183 Routine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 184 multiplex _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 PCR _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 analysis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 fosters _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 detection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 viruses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 children _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 febrile _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 seizure _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 200 precise _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 role _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 multiplex _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 analysis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 J. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 44436dae14d853ef48bf49b19ffb683eea51f798 1 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 uncertainties _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 healthcare _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 payment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 delivery _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 reform _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 income _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 care _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 process _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 created _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 sense _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 foreboding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 concern _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 fear _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 26 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 career _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 medicine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 what _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 it _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 used _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 38 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 career _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 infectious _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 diseases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 particular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 may _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 no _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 longer _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 viable _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 Fears _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 53 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 raised _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 57 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 need _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 infectious _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 diseases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 consultation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 management _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 will _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 curtailed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 because _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 69 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 provide _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 cognitive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 services _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 74 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 perceived _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 being _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 needed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 system _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 filled _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 85 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 intensivists _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 hospitalists _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 skilled _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 nursing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 facility _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 physicians _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 Now _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 97 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 time _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 us _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 reframe _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 our _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 role _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 system _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 111 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 evolving _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 process _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 care _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 focused _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 119 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 population _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 patient _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 safety _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 126 pays _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 providers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 value _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 they _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 131 bring _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 133 achieve _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 those _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 goals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 Specific _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 138 suggestions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 made _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 142 enhance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 infectious _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 diseases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146-147 physician's _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 physician _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 's _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 profile _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 intent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 153 encouraging _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 debate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 discussion _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 action _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 444cc65fbe22dd6583120260c488dd621ebadab4 1 Background _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 4 neutral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 theory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 Motoo _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 Kimura _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 stipulates _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 11 evolution _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 mostly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 driven _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 neutral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 mutations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 However _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 20 adaptive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 pressure _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 eventually _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 leads _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 changes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 phenotype _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 29 involve _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 non _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 neutral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 mutations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 36 relation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 neutrality _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 adaptation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 studied _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 context _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 RNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 before _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 51 here _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 further _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 transitional _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 mutations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 context _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 degenerate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 plastic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 RNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 sequences _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 genetic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 assimilation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 72 propose _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 quasineutral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 mutations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 i.e. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 77 mutations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 79 preserve _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 element _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 phenotype _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 set _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 88 minimal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 mutations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 91 study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 properties _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 96 also _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 propose _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 general _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 probabilistic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 interpretation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 genetic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 assimilation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 106 specialize _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 it _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 Boltzmann _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 ensemble _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 RNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 sequences _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 Results _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 117 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 119 show _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 121 degenerate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 sequences _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 i.e. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 124 sequences _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 more _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 than _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 one _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 structure _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 MFE _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 level _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 135 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 highest _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 evolvability _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 among _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 all _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 sequences _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 142 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 central _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 evolutionary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 innovation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 Degenerate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 149 sequences _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 also _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 tend _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 cluster _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 together _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 sequence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 space _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 161 selective _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 pressure _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 evolutionary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 simulation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 causes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 population _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 move _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 towards _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 regions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 more _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 degenerate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 sequences _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 i.e. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 180 regions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 intersection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 different _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 neutral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 networks _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 190 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 causes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 such _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 sequences _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 increase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 well _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 beyond _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 average _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 percentage _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 degenerate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 sequences _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 sequence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 space _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 211 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 213 also _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 214 observe _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 215 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 216 evolution _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 217 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 218 quasineutral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 219 mutations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 220 tends _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 221 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 222 conserve _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 223 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 224 number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 225 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 226 base _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 227 pairs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 228 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 229 structures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 230 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 231 thereby _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 232 maintains _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 233 structural _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 234 integrity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 235 even _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 236 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 237 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 238 presence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 239 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 240 pressure _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 241 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 242 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 243 contrary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 244 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 245 Conclusions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 246 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 247 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 248 conclude _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 249 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 250 degenerate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 251 RNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 252 sequences _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 253 play _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 254 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 255 major _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 256 role _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 257 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 258 evolutionary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 259 adaptation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 260 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 44970b3883429431bcec3d70c78b5f9ac5171eae 1 Novel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 pathogens _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 potential _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 7 become _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 critical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 issues _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 national _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 security _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 public _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 economic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 welfare _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 As _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 21 demonstrated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 response _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 Severe _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 Acute _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 Respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 Syndrome _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 SARS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 influenza _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 genomic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 37 sequencing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 become _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 important _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 method _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 44 diagnosing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 agents _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 infectious _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 Despite _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 51 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 value _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 genomic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 sequences _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 57 characterizing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 novel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 pathogens _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 raw _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 62 data _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 own _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 do _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 provide _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 information _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 needed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 72 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 public _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 officials _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 researchers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 One _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 80 must _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 integrate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 knowledge _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 genomes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 pathogens _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 host _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 biology _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 geography _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 94 understand _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 etiology _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 epidemics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 To _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 101 these _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 ends _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 created _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 application _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 called _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 110 Supramap _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 112 http://supramap.osu.edu _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 115 put _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 information _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 spread _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 pathogens _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 key _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 mutations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 across _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 time _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 space _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 various _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 hosts _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 into _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 geographic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 information _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 system _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 GIS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 To _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 142 build _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 application _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 147 created _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 web _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 service _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 integrated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 sequence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 alignment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 phylogenetic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 analysis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 well _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 methods _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 163 describe _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 tree _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 mutations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 host _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 shifts _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 Keyhole _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 Markup _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 Language _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 KML _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 181 apply _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 application _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 239 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 sequences _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 polymerase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 basic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 PB2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 gene _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 recent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 isolates _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 avian _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 influenza _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 H5N1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 207 map _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 mutation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 211 glutamic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 acid _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 214 lysine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 215 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 216 position _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 217 627 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 218 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 219 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 220 PB2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 221 protein _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 222 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 223 E627 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 224 K _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 225 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 226 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 227 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 228 H5N1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 229 influenza _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 230 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 231 allows _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 232 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 233 increased _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 234 replication _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 235 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 236 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 237 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 238 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 239 mammals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 240 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 241 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 242 use _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 243 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 244 statistical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 245 test _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 246 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 247 support _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 248 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 249 hypothesis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 250 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 251 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 252 correlation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 253 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 254 E627 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 255 K _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 256 mutations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 257 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 258 avian _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 259 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 260 mammalian _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 261 host _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 262 shifts _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 263 but _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 264 reject _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 265 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 266 hypothesis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 267 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 268 lineages _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 269 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 270 E627 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 271 K _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 272 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 273 moving _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 274 westward _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 275 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 276 Data _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 277 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 278 instructions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 279 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 280 use _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 281 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 282 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 283 visualizations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 284 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 285 included _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 286 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 287 supplemental _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 288 materials _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 289 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 290 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 45566b6f9efb4bb0f40394a60c10c14bc2a70471 1 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 preliminary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 clinical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 observed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 10 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 combination _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 hydroxychloroquine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 azithromycin _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 effective _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 against _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 SARS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 CoV-2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 23 shortening _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 duration _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 viral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 load _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 Covid-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 patients _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 It _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 34 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 paramount _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 importance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 define _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 when _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 treated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 patient _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 can _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 considered _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 no _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 longer _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 contagious _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 Correlation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 53 between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 successful _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 isolation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 cell _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 culture _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 Ct _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 value _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 quantitative _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 RT _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 PCR _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 targeting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 E _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 gene _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 suggests _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 74 patients _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 Ct _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 above _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 33 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 34 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 using _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 82 our _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 RT _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 PCR _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 system _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 88 not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 contagious _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 91 thus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 can _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 discharged _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 hospital _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 care _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 strict _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 confinement _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 non _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 hospitalized _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 patients _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 4589d4013cf69c396e0fdb67131022fc11119654 1 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 early _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 2013 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 novel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 avian _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 origin _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 influenza _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 A(H7N9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 emerged _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 China _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 19 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 caused _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 sporadic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 human _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 infections _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 26 incubation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 period _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 delay _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 until _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 onset _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 symptoms _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 39 varies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 person _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 person _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 Few _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 46 previous _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 studies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 examined _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 whether _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 duration _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 incubation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 period _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 correlates _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 subsequent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 severity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 64 analyzed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 data _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 period _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 exposure _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 395 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 human _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 cases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 laboratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 confirmed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 influenza _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 A(H7N9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 China _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 Bayesian _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 framework _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 using _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 90 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 Weibull _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 distribution _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 95 found _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 longer _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 incubation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 period _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 173 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 fatal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 cases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 mean _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 3.7 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 days _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 112 95 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 credibility _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 interval _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 CrI _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 3.4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 4.1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 compared _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 125 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 mean _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 3.3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 days _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 132 95 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 CrI _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 2.9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 3.6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 141 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 222 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 non _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 fatal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 cases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 149 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 difference _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 means _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 marginally _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 significant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 0.47 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 days _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 160 95 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 CrI _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 -0.04 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 0.99 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 There _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 170 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 statistically _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 significant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 correlation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 longer _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 incubation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 period _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 increased _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 risk _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 death _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 after _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 adjustment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 age _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 sex _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 geographical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 location _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 underlying _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 medical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 conditions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 200 adjusted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 odds _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 ratio _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 1.70 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 per _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 day _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 increase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 incubation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 period _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 ; _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 211 95 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 212 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 credibility _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 214 interval _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 215 1.47 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 216 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 217 1.97 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 218 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 219 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 220 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 221 found _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 222 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 223 significant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 224 association _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 225 between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 226 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 227 longer _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 228 incubation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 229 period _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 230 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 231 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 232 greater _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 233 risk _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 234 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 235 death _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 236 among _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 237 human _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 238 H7N9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 239 cases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 240 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 241 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 242 underlying _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 243 biological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 244 mechanisms _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 245 leading _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 246 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 247 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 248 association _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 249 deserve _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 250 further _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 251 exploration _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 252 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 45ca49b78fd033c5e37ec5482918b446f5841c93 1 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 antigenic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 structure _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 transmissible _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 gastroenteritis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 TGE _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 E2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 glycoprotein _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 defined _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 three _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 levels _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 antigenic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 21 sites _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 antigenic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 subsites _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 epitopes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 Four _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 29 antigenic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 sites _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 32 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 B _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 C _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 D _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 41 defined _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 competitive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 radioimmunoassay _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 RIA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 using _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 49 monoclonal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 antibodies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 MAbs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 selected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 55 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 fusions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 About _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 60 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 63 197 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 66 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 hybridomas _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 specific _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 TGE _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 produced _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 neutralizing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 MAbs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 specific _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 site _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 81 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 one _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 antigenically _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 dominant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 determinants _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 Site _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 90 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 differentiated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 three _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 antigenic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 subsites _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 99 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 b _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 105 characterization _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 11 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 MAb _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 resistant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 mar _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 mutants _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 116 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 defined _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 8 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 MAbs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 respectively _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 These _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 130 subsites _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 further _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 subdivided _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 epitopes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 138 total _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 11 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 epitopes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 defined _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 E2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 glycoprotein _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 eight _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 149 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 critical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 neutralization _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 Neutralizing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 158 MAbs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 obtained _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 only _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 162 when _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 native _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 used _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 168 immunize _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 mice _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 although _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 172 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 173 produce _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 hybridomas _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 mice _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 immunizations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 177 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 made _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 antigen _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 native _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 denatured _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 mixtures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 native _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 denatured _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 form _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 All _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 196 neutralizing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 MAbs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 reacted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 conformational _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 epitopes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 204 antigenic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 structure _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 EZglycoprotein _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 211 defined _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 murine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 214 MAbs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 215 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 216 but _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 217 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 218 antigenic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 219 sites _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 220 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 221 relevant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 222 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 223 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 224 swine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 225 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 226 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 227 natural _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 228 host _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 229 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 230 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 231 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 232 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 233 because _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 234 porcine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 235 sera _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 236 reacted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 237 against _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 238 these _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 239 sites _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 240 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 241 MAbs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 242 specific _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 243 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 244 TGE _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 245 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 246 site _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 247 C _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 248 reacted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 249 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 250 non _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 251 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 252 immune _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 253 porcine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 254 sera _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 255 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 256 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 257 reactivity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 258 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 259 not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 260 directed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 261 against _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 262 porcine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 263 immunoglobulins _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 264 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 265 These _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 266 results _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 267 indicated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 268 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 269 TGE _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 270 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 271 contains _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 272 epitope(s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 273 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 274 also _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 275 present _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 276 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 277 some _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 278 non _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 279 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 280 immunoglobulin _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 281 component _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 282 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 283 porcine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 284 serum _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 285 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 45edbd85cb93950fecbc8da86f684a9e45c1d8f1 1 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 control _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 infectious _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 diseases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 such _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 7 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 swine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 influenza _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 viruses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 SwIV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 plays _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 15 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 important _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 role _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 food _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 production _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 both _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 animal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 public _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 point _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 view _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 Probiotic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 36 microorganisms _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 improving _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 food _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 supplements _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 given _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 increasing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 attention _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 recent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 years _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 but _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 53 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 no _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 information _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 effects _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 probiotics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 swine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 influenza _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 available _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 Here _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 69 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 question _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 74 assessing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 inhibitory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 potential _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 probiotic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 Enterococcus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 faecium _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 NCIMB _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 10415 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 E. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 faecium _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 replication _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 two _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 porcine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 strains _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 influenza _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 100 H1N1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 H3N2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 strain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 106 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 continuous _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 porcine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 macrophage _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 cell _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 line _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 113 3D4/21 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 116 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 MDBK _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 cells _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 Cell _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 121 cultures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 treated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 E. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 faecium _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 nontoxic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 concentration _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 1610 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 CFU _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 ml _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 growth _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 medium _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 60 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 90 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 min _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 before _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 during _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 after _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 SwIV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 After _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 154 further _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 incubation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 cultures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 probiotic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 free _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 growth _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 medium _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 cell _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 viability _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 propagation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 determined _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 48 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 h _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 96 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 h _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 post _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 182 results _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 obtained _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 184 reveal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 185 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 almost _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 complete _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 recovery _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 viability _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 SwIV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 infected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 cells _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 inhibition _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 multiplication _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 up _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 four _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 log _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 units _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 E. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 faecium _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 211 treated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 cells _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 214 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 215 both _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 216 3D4/21-and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 217 MDBK _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 218 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 219 cells _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 220 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 221 60 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 222 min _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 223 treatment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 224 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 225 E. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 226 faecium _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 227 stimulated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 228 nitric _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 229 oxide _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 230 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 231 NO _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 232 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 233 release _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 234 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 235 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 236 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 237 line _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 238 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 239 published _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 240 evidence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 241 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 242 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 243 antiviral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 244 function _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 245 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 246 NO _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 247 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 248 Furthermore _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 249 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 250 E. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 251 faecium _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 252 caused _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 253 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 254 modified _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 255 cellular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 256 expression _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 257 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 258 selected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 259 mediators _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 260 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 261 defence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 262 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 263 3D4-cells _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 264 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 265 while _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 266 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 267 expression _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 268 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 269 TNF _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 270 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 271 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 272 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 273 TLR-3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 274 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 275 IL-6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 276 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 277 decreased _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 278 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 279 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 280 SwIV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 281 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 282 infected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 283 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 284 probiotic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 285 treated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 286 cells _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 287 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 288 IL-10 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 289 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 290 found _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 291 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 292 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 293 increased _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 294 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 295 Since _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 296 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 297 obtained _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 298 experimental _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 299 evidence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 300 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 301 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 302 direct _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 303 adsorptive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 304 trapping _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 305 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 306 SwIV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 307 through _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 308 E. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 309 faecium _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 310 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 311 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 312 probiotic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 313 microorganism _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 314 inhibits _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 315 influenza _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 316 viruses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 317 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 318 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 319 least _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 320 two _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 321 mechanisms _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 322 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 323 direct _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 324 physical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 325 interaction _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 326 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 327 strengthening _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 328 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 329 innate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 330 defence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 331 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 332 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 333 cellular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 334 level _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 335 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 480f67bf4f825dbc367fb67ec6de5b1664299eb5 1 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 highly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 infectious _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 HID _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 9 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 transmissible _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 person _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 person _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 causes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 16 life _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 threatening _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 illness _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 21 presents _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 serious _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 hazard _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 healthcare _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 setting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 community _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 34 requires _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 specific _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 control _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 measures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 Due _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 40 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 environmental _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 factors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 changes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 lifestyle _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 many _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 unknown _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 factors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 54 emergence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 such _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 HIDs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 becoming _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 more _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 more _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 likely _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 As _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 66 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 already _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 demonstrated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 during _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 SARS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 outbreak _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 healthcare _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 76 facilities _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 likely _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 origin _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 future _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 HID _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 outbreaks _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 Preparedness _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 89 planning _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 will _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 essential _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 94 helping _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 facilities _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 manage _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 future _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 outbreaks _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 emerging _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 resurgent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 infectious _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 diseases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 Guidelines _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 107 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 developed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 national _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 international _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 institutions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 To _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 117 avoid _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 contamination _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 healthcare _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 workers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 124 care _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 HID _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 patients _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 should _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 follow _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 same _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 control _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 rules _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 136 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 applied _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 laboratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 workers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 exposed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 142 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 similar _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 agents _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 Here _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 147 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 current _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 knowledge _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 concerning _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 152 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 clinical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 care _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 patients _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 HIDs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 160 reviewed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 163 specific _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 aspects _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 management _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 such _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 diseases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 introduced _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 48522c9977177ec26e13ed9809b541d614b78160 1 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 outbreak _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 COVID-2019 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 initiated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 6 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 Wuhan _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 China _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 11 become _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 global _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 threat _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 rapid _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 transmission _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 severe _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 fatalities _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 Recent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 23 studies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 uncovered _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 whole _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 genome _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 sequence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 SARS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 CoV-2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 34 causing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 COVID-2019 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 39 addition _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 lung _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 metagenomic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 studies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 infected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 patients _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 revealed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 overrepresented _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 Prevotella _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 spp _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 producing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 certain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 proteins _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 abundance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 59 performed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 host _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 pathogen _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 protein _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 protein _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 interaction _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 analysis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 SARS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 CoV-2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 overrepresented _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 Prevotella _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 proteins _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 human _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 proteome _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 81 also _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 performed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 functional _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 overrepresentation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 analysis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 interacting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 proteins _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 90 understand _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 role _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 COVID-2019 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 severity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 Results _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 98 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 It _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 100 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 found _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 over _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 expressed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 Prevotella _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 proteins _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 can _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 promote _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 viral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 As _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 114 per _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 results _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 Prevotella _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 proteins _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 but _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 viral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 proteins _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 involved _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 multiple _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 interactions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 NF _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 kB _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 136 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 involved _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 increasing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 clinical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 severity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 COVID-2019 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 Prevotella _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 146 may _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 role _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 COVID-2019 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 outbreak _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 153 should _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 given _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 importance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 158 understanding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 mechanisms _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 162 improving _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 treatment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 outcomes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 4a7a1d6fa1a47905fb52c387ace37f8bca5fae42 1 Background _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 Hospitalized _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 4 bronchiolitis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 imposes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 significant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 burden _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 among _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 infants _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 particularly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 among _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 Indigenous _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 children _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 Traditional _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 18 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 known _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 risk _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 factors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 severe _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 well _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 described _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 but _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 30 there _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 limited _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 data _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 risks _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 prolonged _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 hospitalization _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 persistent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 symptoms _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 Our _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 44 aims _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 determine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 factors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 clinical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 microbiological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 associated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 prolonged _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 length _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 stay _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 LOS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 ; _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 ii _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 persistent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 symptoms _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 weeks _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 ; _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 iii _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 bronchiectasis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 up _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 $ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 24 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 months _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 post _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 hospitalisation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 ; _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 iv _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 risk _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 readmissions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 within _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 months _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 Methods _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 103 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 Indigenous _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 105 infants _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 hospitalized _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 107 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 bronchiolitis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 110 enrolled _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 Royal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 Darwin _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 Hospital _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 2008 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 2013 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 Standardized _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 121 forms _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 used _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 125 record _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 clinical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 data _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 130 nasopharyngeal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 swab _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 collected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 enrolment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 137 identify _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 viruses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 bacteria _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 Results _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 144 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 146 median _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 age _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 232 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 infants _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 5 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 months _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 155 interquartile _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 range _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 ; _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 65 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 163 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 male _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 On _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 167 multivariate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 regression _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 our _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 12 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 point _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 severity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 score _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 176 including _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 accessory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 muscle _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 use _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 182 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 only _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 factor _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 associated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 186 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 prolonged _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 LOS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 but _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 190 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 effect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 modest _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 195 þ3.0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 hr _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 per _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 point _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 95%CI _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 0.7 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 5.1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 P _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 ¼ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 0.01 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 211 Presence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 212 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 cough _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 214 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 215 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 216 weeks _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 217 increased _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 218 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 219 odds _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 220 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 221 bronchiectasis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 222 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 223 OR _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 224 3.0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 225 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 226 95%CI _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 227 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 228 1.1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 229 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 230 7.0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 231 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 232 P _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 233 ¼ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 234 0.03 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 235 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 236 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 237 Factors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 238 associated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 239 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 240 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 241 readmissions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 242 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 243 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 244 previous _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 245 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 246 hospitalization _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 247 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 248 OR _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 249 2.3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 250 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 251 95%CI _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 252 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 253 1.0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 254 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 255 5.4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 256 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 257 P _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 258 ¼ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 259 0.05 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 260 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 261 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 262 household _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 263 smoke _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 264 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 265 OR _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 266 2.6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 267 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 268 95%CI _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 269 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 270 1.0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 271 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 272 6.3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 273 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 274 P _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 275 ¼ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 276 0.04 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 277 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 278 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 279 Conclusion _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 280 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 281 Increased _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 282 severity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 283 score _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 284 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 285 associated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 286 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 287 prolonged _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 288 LOS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 289 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 290 Indigenous _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 291 children _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 292 hospitalized _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 293 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 294 bronchiolitis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 295 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 296 As _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 297 persistent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 298 symptoms _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 299 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 300 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 301 weeks _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 302 post _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 303 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 304 hospitalization _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 305 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 306 associated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 307 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 308 future _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 309 diagnosis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 310 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 311 bronchiectasis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 312 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 313 optimising _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 314 clinical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 315 care _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 316 beyond _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 317 hospitalization _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 318 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 319 needed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 320 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 321 improve _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 322 long _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 323 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 324 term _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 325 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 326 outcomes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 327 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 328 infants _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 329 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 330 risk _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 331 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 332 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 333 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 334 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 4db77ad7a1c0aaa52615c22c0f58e9b2ddd96a02 1 Coronavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 epidemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 caused _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 announcing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 emergency _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 case _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 South _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 Korea _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 12 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 started _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 one _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 infected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 case _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 January _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 2020 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 where _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 25 9583 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 announced _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 cases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 reported _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 March _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 29 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 2020 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 37 indicates _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 39 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 confirmed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 cases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 increasing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 rapidly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 49 can _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 cause _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 national _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 crises _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 South _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 Korea _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 58 aim _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 fill _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 gap _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 previous _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 studies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 current _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 development _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 CoVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 spreading _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 79 extracting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 relationship _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 independent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 variables _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 dependent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 variable _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 90 research _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 statistically _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 analyzed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 effect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 sex _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 region _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 reasons _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 birth _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 year _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 released _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 diseased _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 reported _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 recovered _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 deceased _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 cases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 122 results _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 found _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 125 sex _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 region _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 reasons _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 affected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 both _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 recovered _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 deceased _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 cases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 while _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 141 birth _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 year _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 only _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 affected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 deceased _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 cases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 Besides _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 150 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 no _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 deceased _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 cases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 reported _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 released _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 cases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 while _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 161 11.3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 deceased _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 cases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 positive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 confirmed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 after _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 deceased _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 Unknown _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 173 reason _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 main _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 variable _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 181 detected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 South _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 Korea _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 more _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 than _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 33 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 total _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 infected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 cases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 4e20e6a3d99bde2aea75bc215333524538fe17ef 1 Respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 infections _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 most _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 frequent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 reason _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 primary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 care _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 consultation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 15 main _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 causes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 tract _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 infections _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 children _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 viruses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 26 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 most _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 common _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 types _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 upper _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 tract _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 infections _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 common _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 37 cold _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 pharyngitis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 otitis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 media _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 sinusitis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 Pneumonia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 47 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 much _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 more _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 serious _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 As _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 53 well _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 viruses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 bacteria _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 often _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 involved _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 tract _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 infections _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 Three _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 67 bacterial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 species _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 most _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 commonly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 isolated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 Streptococcus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 75 pneumoniae _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 non _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 encapsulated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 Haemophilus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 influenzae _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 Moraxella _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 Branhamella _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 catarrhalis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 90 most _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 common _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 bacterial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 cause _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 pharyngitis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 Streptococcus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 pyogenes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 Bacteria _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 101 isolated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 102 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 community _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 acquired _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 usually _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 108 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 sensitive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 majority _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 suitable _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 drugs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 but _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 118 during _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 past _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 two _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 decades _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 significant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 antibiotic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 resistance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 emerged _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 Resistance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 131 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 penicillins _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 spread _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 among _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 H. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 influenzae _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 S. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 pneumoniae _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 143 mechanism _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 penicillin _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 resistance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 H. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 influenzae _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 mainly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 production _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 b _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 lactamases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 TEM-1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 ROB-1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 whereas _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 163 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 S. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 pneumoniae _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 resistance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 effect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 changes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 penicillin _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 binding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 proteins _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 Among _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 179 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 pathogens _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 resistance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 tetracyclines _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 macrolides _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 trimethoprim _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 sulphamethoxazole _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 fluoroquinolones _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 also _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 appeared _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 Several _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 198 mechanisms _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 depending _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 200 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 changes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 target _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 active _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 efflux _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 modifying _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 enzymes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 211 involved _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 4fc5ea08bc8213609b854d5e4ffd02bd609298a7 1 Though _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 viruses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 generally _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 characterized _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 pathogenic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 more _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 generally _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 harmful _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 effects _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 many _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 17 examples _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 mutualistic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 viruses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 exist _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 Here _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 24 I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 explain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 how _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 idea _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 mutualistic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 viruses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 defended _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 recent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 virology _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 40 I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 explore _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 four _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 important _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 conceptual _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 practical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 consequences _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 idea _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 53 ask _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 55 what _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 extent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 research _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 modifies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 way _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 scientists _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 63 might _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 search _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 new _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 viruses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 our _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 70 notion _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 72 how _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 host _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 immune _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 system _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 interacts _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 microbes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 82 development _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 new _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 therapeutic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 approaches _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 finally _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 role _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 played _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 95 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 criterion _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 autonomy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 101 our _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 understanding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 living _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 things _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 Overall _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 108 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 suggest _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 112 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 recognition _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 mutualistic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 viruses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 plays _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 major _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 role _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 wider _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 ongoing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 revision _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 our _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 conception _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 viruses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 5054b46cdd142f945f9583e393706d5e139f760b 1 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 content _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 analysis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 provides _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 overview _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 articles _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 specific _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 technology _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 integration _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 field _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 counseling _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 published _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 19 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 American _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 Counseling _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 Association _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 ACA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 journals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 years _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 2000 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 2018 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 35 addition _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 articles _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 topic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 published _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 45 during _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 time _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 period _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 51 study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 identified _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 aspects _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 such _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 56 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 authors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 institutional _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 affiliations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 ; _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 methodology _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 locations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 application _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 settings _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 ; _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 target _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 populations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 sample _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 characteristics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 ; _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 areas _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 types _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 technology _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 integration _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 Recommendations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 86 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 provided _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 counseling _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 research _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 general _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 future _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 research _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 extending _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 98 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 specific _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 circumstances _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 such _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 102 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 pandemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 54943a77892dcdfac090664c4c09ff219b28c6d7 1 Simultaneous _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 extraction _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 separation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 liquiritin _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 glycyrrhizic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 acid _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 glabridin _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 licorice _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 developed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 liquidliquid _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 extraction _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 liquid _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 chromatography _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 separation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 By _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 26 utilizing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 different _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 extraction _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 solvents _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 procedures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 times _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 37 optimum _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 extraction _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 conditions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 established _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 44 extracts _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 licorice _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 separated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 determined _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 using _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 52 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 C _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 18 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 column _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 mobile _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 phase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 consisting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 61 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 acetonitrile _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 water _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 66 containing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 1.0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 acetic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 acid _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 73 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 gradient _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 elution _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 0~10 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 min _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 20:80 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 60:40 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 v _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 v _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 Preparative _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 90 columns _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 different _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 packing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 sizes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 investigated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 98 isolate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 three _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 compounds _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 extracts _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 licorice _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 109 12 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 μm _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 chromatographic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 column _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 showed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 better _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 separation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 three _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 compounds _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 licorice _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 0.29 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 124 mg _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 g _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 liquiritin _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 1.43 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 mg _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 g _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 glycyrrhizic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 acid _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 0.07 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 mg _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 g _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 glabridin _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 obtained _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 148 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 recoveries _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 80.8 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 89.7 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 72.5 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 respectively _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 54cbb1fc4b77ae332cdb8f44a321f9db35afe2f1 1 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 paper _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 highlights _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 enormous _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 economic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 social _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 impact _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 respect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 articles _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 17 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 either _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 prognosticated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 such _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 large _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 scale _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 event _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 its _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 economic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 consequences _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 33 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 assessed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 impacts _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 epidemics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 pandemics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 44 consideration _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 possible _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 impacts _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 financial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 markets _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 institutions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 either _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 directly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 indirectly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 briefly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 outlined _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 65 drawing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 variety _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 literatures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 73 consideration _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 characteristics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 along _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 what _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 research _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 suggests _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 impacts _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 past _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 events _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 94 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 some _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 ways _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 roughly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 parallel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 points _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 102 toward _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 avenues _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 future _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 investigation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 587118e335a8dd365f56caf0db8c2230cb9aa7cd 1 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 late _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 2019 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 world _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 encountered _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 unexpected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 new _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 resulting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 14 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 highly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 challenging _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 new _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 pandemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 22 case _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 presented _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 24 here _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 involves _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 26 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 73-year _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 old _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 man _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 experiencing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 32 fever _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 distress _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 who _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 38 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 ultimately _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 diagnosed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 During _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 45 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 course _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 his _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 hospitalization _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 patient _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 developed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 acute _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 distress _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 syndrome _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 ARDS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 followed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 63 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 being _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 intubated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 due _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 67 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 his _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 breathing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 difficulties _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 Because _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 73 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 variations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77-78 patient's _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 patient _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 's _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 clinical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 features _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 83 decided _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 perform _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 hemoperfusion _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 88 remove _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 cytokines _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 Afterward _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 92 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 his _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 clinical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 status _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 improved _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 significantly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 100 he _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 discharged _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 stable _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 condition _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 However _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 108 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 26 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 days _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 later _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 fever _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 distress _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 manifested _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 again _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 After _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 121 evaluation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 pulmonary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 thromboembolism _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 confirmed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 through _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 computed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 tomography _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 131 ie _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 CT _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 scan _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 59fe5a3ec925d965c06ea6764db86bca9fb0b8b6 1 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 novel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 coronavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 2019 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 pandemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 major _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 global _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 threat _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 affecting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 16 millions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 lives _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 throughout _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 world _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 physically _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 psychologically _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 With _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 27 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 asymptomatic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 presentation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 many _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 patients _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 similarity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 its _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 symptoms _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 common _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 cold _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 influenza _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 need _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 accurate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 information _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 very _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 important _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 its _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 identification _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 proper _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 management _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 Accurate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 67 information _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 its _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 prevention _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 treatment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 can _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 disseminated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 through _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 drug _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 information _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 centers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 DICs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 DICs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 88 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 usually _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 staffed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 pharmacists _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 and/or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 clinical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 pharmacists _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 pharmacologists _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 DICs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 100 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 reliable _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 source _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 current _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 unbiased _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 information _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 its _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 associated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 complications _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 including _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 117 management _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 options _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 healthcare _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 professionals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 public _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 127 addition _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 drug _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 information _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 pharmacists _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 working _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 136 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 DICs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 can _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 140 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 involved _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 management _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147-148 patients' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 patients _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 ' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 151 providing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 information _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 home _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 care _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 safety _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 medication _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 160 management _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 patients _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 chronic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 comorbid _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 illnesses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 psychological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 advice _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 173 article _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 explores _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 possible _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 additional _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 roles _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 DICs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 180 can _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 play _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 besides _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 184 providing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 drug _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 information _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 within _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 hospital _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 community _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 All _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 196 authors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 equal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 contribution _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 5b775e63051b1d160f67b9734aa57f1b56df5e5d 1 Invasive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 non _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 native _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 species _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 major _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 threat _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 global _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 biodiversity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 Stoats _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 16 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 introduced _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 Britain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 New _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 Zealand _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 1880s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 27 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 since _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 caused _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 grave _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 conservation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 problems _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 35 histopathological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 serological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 survey _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 stoats _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 New _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 Zealand _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 undertaken _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 51 identify _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 agents _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 54 might _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 used _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 modified _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 60 control _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 population _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 Of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 65 60 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 stoats _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 examined _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 63 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 exhibited _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 inflammation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 lung _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 mostly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 78 occurring _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 local _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 diffuse _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 interstitial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 pneumonia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 30 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 87 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 showed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 signs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 inflammatory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 liver _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 95 14 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 positive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 antibodies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 reactive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 feline _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 calicivirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 107 Britain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 only _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 11 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 44 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 stoats _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 exhibited _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 symptoms _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 pulmonary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 inflammatory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 suggesting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 122 higher _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 rates _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 compromise _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 pulmonary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 immune _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 system _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 among _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 invasive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 stoats _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 possibly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 138 related _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 genetic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 founder _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 effects _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 environmental _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 variation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 These _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 148 findings _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 could _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 exploited _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 biological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 control _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 programmes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 5cd27ed55a88051c9919a142ae44719c2274eb5a 1 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 world _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 facing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 medical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 crisis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 amid _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 CoViD-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 pandemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 13 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 role _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 adequate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 hygiene _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 hand _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 sanitisers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 inevitable _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 24 controlling _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 spread _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 public _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 places _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 healthcare _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 institutions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 There _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 37 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 great _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 surge _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 demand _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 hand _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 sanitisation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 products _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 leading _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 49 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 shortages _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 supply _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 56 consequent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 increase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 substandard _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 products _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 market _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 raised _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 safety _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 concerns _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 70 article _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 therefore _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 presents _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 critical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 review _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 hand _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 sanitation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 approaches _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 products _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 available _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 market _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 light _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 scientific _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 evidence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 available _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 99 review _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 also _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 provides _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 range _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 hand _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 sanitisation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 product _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 formulations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 manufacturing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 instructions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 114 allow _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 extemporaneous _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 preparations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 community _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 hospital _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 pharmacies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 during _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 urgent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 crisis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 130 addition _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 emergent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 situation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 expected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 continue _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 hence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 141 hand _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 sanitisers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 will _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 demand _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 extended _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 time _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 153 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 availability _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 purchase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 substandard _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 products _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 market _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 create _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 ongoing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 safety _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 concern _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 Therefore _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 170 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 article _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 shall _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 also _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 provide _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 various _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 commercial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 organisations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 interested _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 181 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 stepping _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 forward _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 production _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 marketing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 hand _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 sanitisers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 guide _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 development _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 products _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 standardised _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 ingredients _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 formulations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 5d2ed78357c0c88b4500d644f4a717d0192a0d2d 1 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 present _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 studies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 report _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 cloning _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 structural _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 characterization _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 HFGL2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 gene _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 its _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 functional _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 role _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 human _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 fulminant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 hepatitis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 27 HFGL2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 gene _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 approximately _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 7 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 kb _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 length _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 exons _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 40 putative _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 promoter _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 contains _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 cis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 element _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 consensus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 sequences _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 48 strongly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 suggest _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 inducibility _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 its _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 expression _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 From _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 57 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 nucleotide _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 sequence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 human _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 gene _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 439-amino _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 acid _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 long _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 protein _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 predicted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 74 overall _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 identity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 murine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 fgl2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 hfgl2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 coded _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 proteins _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 over _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 70 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 About _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 90 225 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 amino _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 acids _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 carboxyl _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 end _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 these _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 molecules _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 almost _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 90 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 identical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 107 correspond _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 well _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 conserved _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 fibrinogen _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 related _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 domain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 Both _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 119 HFGL2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 FGL2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 encode _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 type _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 II _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 transmembrane _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 protein _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 predicted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 catalytic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 domain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 toward _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 amino _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 terminus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 protein _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 Transient _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 142 transfection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 Chinese _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 hamster _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 ovary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 CHO _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 cells _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 fulllength _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 cDNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 HFGL2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 coding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 region _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 resulted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 high _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 levels _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 prothrombinase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 activity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 Livers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 168 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 8 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 patients _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 transplanted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 172 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 fulminant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 viral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 hepatitis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 177 examined _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 extent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 necrosis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 inflammation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 fibrin _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 deposition _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 HFGL2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 induction _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 193 situ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 hybridization _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 showed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 positive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 staining _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 macrophages _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 areas _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 active _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 hepatocellular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 necrosis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 Fibrin _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 208 stained _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 positively _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 211 these _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 areas _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 214 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 215 confirmed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 216 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 217 electron _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 218 microscopy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 219 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 220 These _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 221 studies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 222 define _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 223 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 224 unique _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 225 prothrombinase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 226 gene _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 227 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 228 HFGL2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 229 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 230 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 231 implicate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 232 its _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 233 importance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 234 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 235 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 236 pathogenesis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 237 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 238 fulminant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 239 viral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 240 hepatitis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 241 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 5daee51840f3c189675dbb151da2abb907ab6a96 1 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 COVID19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 pandemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 designated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 6 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 public _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 crisis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 World _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 Health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 Organization _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 WHO _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 21 rapidly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 spreading _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 around _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 world _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 impacting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 27 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 economy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 almost _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 all _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 countries _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 38 data _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 hospitalized _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 COVID19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 patients _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 especially _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 those _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 serious _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 illness _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 indicate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 involvement _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 immunopathological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 complications _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 As _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 58 no _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 effective _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 treatment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 currently _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 available _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 66 propose _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 ' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 Primed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 ' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 Mesenchymal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 Stem _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 Cells _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 MSCs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 therapeutic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 alternative _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 81 tackle _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 devastating _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 epidemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 86 individual _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 response _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 MSCs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 treatment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 heterogeneous _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 During _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 95 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 treatment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 infectious _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 pathology _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 effectiveness _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 treatment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 may _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 vary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 based _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 109 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 scenario _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 Interestingly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 115 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 when _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 117 transplanted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 vivo _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 MSCs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 122 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 governed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 locally _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 regulated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 microenvironment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 suggesting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 131 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 132 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 restorative _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 variability _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 could _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 tailored _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 139 choosing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 priming _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 regimen _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 144 specifically _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 correct _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 given _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 pathology _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 Therefore _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 151 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 our _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 opinion _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 priming _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 MSCs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 could _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 novel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 approach _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 166 improve _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 responses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 COVID19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 patients _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 5dc2712f3e118ac903e215c2e0d155f2ede7ad39 1 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 pathology _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 zoonotic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 human _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 viral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 infections _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 10 recently _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 emerged _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 severe _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 14 acute _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 syndrome _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 SARS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 due _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 21 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 coronavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 SARS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 CoV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 avian _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 influenza _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 subtype _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 H5N1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 36 reviewed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 compared _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 based _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 literature _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 cases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 examined _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 47 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 authors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 Pneumocytes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 52 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 primary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 target _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 resulting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 59 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 diffuse _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 alveolar _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 damage _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 Systemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 65 cytokine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 activation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 results _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 hemophagocytic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 syndrome _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 lymphoid _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 depletion _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 skeletal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 muscle _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 fiber _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 necrosis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 Severe _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 82 acute _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 syndrome _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 induces _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 more _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 fibrocellular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 intra _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 alveolar _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 organization _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 bbronchiolitis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 obliterans _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 organizing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 98 pneumoniaQ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 like _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 pattern _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 presence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 multinucleated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 histiocytes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 pneumocytes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 H5N1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 111 causes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 more _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 fulminant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 necrotizing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 diffuse _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 alveolar _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 damage _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 patchy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 interstitial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 paucicellular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 fibrosis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 Severe _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 128 acute _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 syndrome _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 associated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 coronavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 persists _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 lung _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 up _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 second _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 month _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 whereas _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 144 H5N1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 persists _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 lung _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 up _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 third _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 week _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 Severe _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 156 acute _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 syndrome _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 associated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 coronavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 disseminates _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 blood _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 urine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 feces _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 gastrointestinal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 tract _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 liver _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 There _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 176 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 recent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 report _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 possible _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 cerebral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 involvement _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 H5N1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 its _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 isolation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 blood _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 gastrointestinal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 tract _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 cerebrospinal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 fluid _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 More _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 200 pathologic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 studies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 urgently _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 needed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 5ddc3c732b0e2be8ffe373107ca6e56e49c4513e 1 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 molecular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 docking _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 performed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 several _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 structurally _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 diverse _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 2A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 AR _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 antagonists _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 including _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 17 xanthines _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 20 non _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 xanthine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 type _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 antagonists _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 26 investigate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 binding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 modes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 2A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 adenosine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 receptor _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 AR _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 one _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 40 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 four _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 subtypes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 AR _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 48 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 currently _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 great _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 interest _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 target _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 therapeutic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 intervention _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 particular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63-64 Parkinson's _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 Parkinson _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 's _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 68 high _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 affinity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 binding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 site _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 found _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 hydrophobic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 pocket _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 involvement _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 hydrogen _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 bonding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 interactions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 well _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 p _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 p _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 stacking _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 interactions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 ligands _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 100 detailed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 binding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 modes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 both _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 xanthine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 non _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 xanthine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 type _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 2A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 antagonists _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 compared _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 117 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 essential _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 features _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 extracted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 123 converted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 database _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 searchable _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 queries _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 virtual _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 screening _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 novel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 2A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 AR _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 antagonists _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 Findings _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 140 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 helpful _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 elucidating _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 binding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 pattern _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 2A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 AR _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 antagonists _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 design _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 novel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 active _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 ligands _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 6140703a4f59d2feadfcc54c1185770cbaa651dc 1 As _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 SARS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 COV-2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 sweeping _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 through _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 countries _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 after _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 countries _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 around _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 globe _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 it _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 20 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 critical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 understand _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 potential _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 burden _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 future _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 outbreak _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 cities _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 Colombia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 36 pandemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 affected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 most _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 countries _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 world _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 because _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 47 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 high _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 global _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 movement _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 individuals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 excessive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 cost _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 interventions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 Objective _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 60 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 Using _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 62 demographic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 data _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 Cali _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 epidemiological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 information _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 affected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 countries _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 mathematical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 models _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 80 estimated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 rate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 initial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 exponential _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 growth _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 new _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 cases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 basic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 reproductive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 rate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 potential _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 outbreak _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 city _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 Cali _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 Colombia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 Materials _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 107 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 methods _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 111 used _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 dynamical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 models _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 different _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 modeling _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 assumptions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 such _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 119 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 use _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 various _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 types _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 interventions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 and/or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 epidemiological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 characteristics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 130 compare _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 contrast _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 differences _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 Colombian _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 cities _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 Latin _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 American _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 countries _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 Results _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 145 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 Under _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 147 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 assumption _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 homogeneously _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 mixing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 population _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 limited _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 resources _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 158 predicted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 expected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 infected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 hospitalized _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 Intensive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 Care _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 Units _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 ICU _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 deaths _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 during _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 potential _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 outbreak _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 Our _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 182 results _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 suggest _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 185 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 given _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 day _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 Cali _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 there _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 may _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 up _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 around _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 73000 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 cases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 who _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 200 might _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 need _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 hospitalization _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 under _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 no _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 intervention _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 However _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 208 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 211 drastically _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 reduces _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 if _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 214 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 215 carry _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 216 out _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 217 only _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 218 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 219 isolation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 220 intervention _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 221 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 222 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 223 16 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 224 days _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 225 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 226 symptomatic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 227 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 228 ; _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 229 ~13,000 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 230 cases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 231 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 232 versus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 233 both _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 234 quarantining _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 235 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 236 6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 237 days _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 238 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 239 isolation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 240 within _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 241 16 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 242 days _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 243 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 244 ~3500 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 245 cases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 246 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 247 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 248 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 249 peak _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 250 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 251 Cali _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 252 will _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 253 reach _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 254 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 255 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 256 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 257 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 258 months _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 259 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 260 Conclusions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 261 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 262 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 263 estimates _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 264 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 265 these _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 266 studies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 267 provides _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 268 different _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 269 scenarios _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 270 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 271 outbreaks _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 272 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 273 can _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 274 help _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 275 Cali _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 276 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 277 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 278 better _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 279 prepared _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 280 during _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 281 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 282 ongoing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 283 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 284 outbreak _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 285 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 6170c6d5c7e660f19226bfd026159c4ba6915fda 1 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 compared _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 prevalence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 8 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 polymorphisms _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 tumor _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 necrosis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 factor _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 mannose _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 binding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 lectin _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 genes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 among _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 105 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 children _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 young _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 adults _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 fatal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 infl _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 uenza _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 US _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 population _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 estimates _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 34 determined _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 subanalyses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 whether _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 these _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 polymorphisms _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 associated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 sudden _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 death _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 bacterial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 co _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 among _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 persons _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 fatal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 infl _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 uenza _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 No _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 58 differences _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 observed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 genotype _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 prevalence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 minor _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 allele _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 frequencies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 persons _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 fatal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 infl _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 uenza _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 reference _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 sample _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 Fatal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 80 cases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 low _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 producing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 MBL2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 genotypes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 had _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 7-fold _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 increased _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 risk _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 invasive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 methicillin _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 resistant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 Staphylococcus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 aureus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 MRSA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 co _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 compared _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 106 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 fatal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 cases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 highand _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 intermediate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 producing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 MBL2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 genotypes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 117 odds _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 ratio _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 7.1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 95 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 confi _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 dence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 interval _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 1.6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 32.1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 Limited _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 132 analysis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 genes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 important _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 innate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 immune _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 response _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 found _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 no _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 association _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 genetic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 variants _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 fatal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 infl _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 uenza _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 Among _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 155 children _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 young _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 adults _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 who _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 160 died _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 infl _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 uenza _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 low _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 166 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 producing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 MBL2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 genotypes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 may _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 increased _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 risk _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 MRSA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 co _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 61bd28fd5d95c6873aa7644a692e7a191326df44 1 Digital _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 contact _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 tracing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 applications _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 being _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 developed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 governments _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 across _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 world _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 15 track _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 trace _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 contacts _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 With _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 21 little _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 evidence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 citizens _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 being _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 forced _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 made _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 believe _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 33 it _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 important _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 step _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 pandemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 control _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 43 discuss _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 briefly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 if _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 46 contact _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 tracing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 will _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 successful _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 control _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 Corona _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 pandemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 60 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 it _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 just _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 tool _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 governments _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 66 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 using _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 69 cover _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 helplessness _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 62eb733bffcf9bbbe0eebb0a85133e1b0692525b 1 One _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 hundred _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 sixty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 eight _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 ganglia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 54 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 cattle _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 aged _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 12 10 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 days _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 10 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 years _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 18 examined _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 microscopically _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 Samples _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 22 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 six _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 autonomic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 ganglia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 one _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 sensory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 ganglion _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 represented _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 Thirteen _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 34 animals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 clinically _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 normal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 39 41 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 submitted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 post _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 mortem _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 examination _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 Neuronal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 49 vacuolation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 spheroid _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 formation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 lipofuscin _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 accumulation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 central _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 chromatolysis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 observed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 sporadically _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 63 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 varying _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 magnitude _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 Neuronal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 69 vacuolation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 spheroid _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 formation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 age _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 related _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 changes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 while _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 81 lipofuscin _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 accumulation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 more _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 common _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 older _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 animals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 90 central _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 chromatolysis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 more _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 common _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 younger _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 cattle _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 Nonsuppurative _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 100 inflammation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 neuronophagia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 also _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 common _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 findings _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 108 23 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 out _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 54 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 animals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 42.6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 118 autonomic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 ganglia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 121 did _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 contain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 herpesvirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 DNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 127 determined _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 polymerase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 chain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 reaction _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 Renaut _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 134 bodies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 features _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 peripheral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 nerves _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 most _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 commonly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 noted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 vagus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 None _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 150 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 histopathological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 findings _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 related _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 any _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 particular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 161 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 loss _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 autonomic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 nervous _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 system _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 function _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 might _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 expected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 Furthermore _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 173 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 all _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 changes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 common _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 clinically _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 normal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 animals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 animals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 63751161a879bf0d284633c4364091ae729003ec 1 Globalization _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 may _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 viewed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 growing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 interdependence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 countries _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 worldwide _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 through _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 increasing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 volume _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 variety _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 cross _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 border _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 transactions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 goods _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 services _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 also _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 through _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 more _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 rapid _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 widespread _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 diffusion _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 technology _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 Globalization _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 41 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 just _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 economic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 phenomenon _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 although _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 49 it _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 frequently _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 described _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 such _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 but _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 57 includes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 commerce _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 travel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 immigration _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 68 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 such _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 it _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 affects _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 blood _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 safety _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 supply _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 various _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 ways _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 81 relatively _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 short _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 travel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 times _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 offered _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 86 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 modern _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 aviation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 can _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 90 result _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 rapid _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 spread _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 blood _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 borne _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 pathogens _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 before _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 101 measures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 103 counteract _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 transmission _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 can _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 106 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 put _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 place _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 ; _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 112 would _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 happened _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 SARS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 if _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 118 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 basic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 life _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 cycle _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 SARS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 did _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 include _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 asymptomatic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 viraemia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 134 risk _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 can _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 amplified _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 ecological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 factors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 142 effect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 spread _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 these _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 pathogens _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 once _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 149 they _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 transferred _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 naïve _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 ecosystem _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 158 happened _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 West _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 Nile _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 WNV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 North _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 America _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 171 rationalization _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 contraction _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 plasma _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 products _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 industry _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 may _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 viewed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 one _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 aspect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 globalization _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 imposed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 188 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 remorseless _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 inevitability _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 market _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 ; _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 197 effect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 development _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 safety _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 supply _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 products _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 yet _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 211 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 seen _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 214 but _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 215 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 216 oversight _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 217 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 218 assurance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 219 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 220 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 221 shrinking _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 222 number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 223 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 224 players _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 225 will _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 226 present _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 227 particular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 228 challenges _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 229 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 230 Similarly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 231 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 232 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 233 monopolization _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 234 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 235 technology _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 236 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 237 through _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 238 patent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 239 enforcement _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 240 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 241 puts _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 242 access _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 243 beyond _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 244 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 245 reach _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 246 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 247 developing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 248 countries _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 249 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 250 can _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 251 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 252 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 253 effect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 254 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 255 blood _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 256 safety _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 257 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 258 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 259 challenges _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 260 presented _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 261 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 262 blood _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 263 safety _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 264 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 265 globalization _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 266 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 267 heightening _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 268 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 269 tensions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 270 between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 271 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 272 traditional _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 273 focus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 274 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 275 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 276 product _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 277 safety _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 278 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 279 zero _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 280 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 281 risk _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 282 paradigm _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 283 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 284 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 285 need _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 286 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 287 view _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 288 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 289 delivery _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 290 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 291 safe _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 292 blood _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 293 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 294 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 295 integrated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 296 process _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 297 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 298 As _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 299 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 300 illustration _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 301 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 302 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 303 tension _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 304 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 305 donor _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 306 deferral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 307 measures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 308 imposed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 309 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 310 globalization _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 311 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 312 induced _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 313 risks _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 314 such _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 315 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 316 vCJD _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 317 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 318 WNV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 319 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 320 resulted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 321 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 322 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 323 loss _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 324 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 325 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 326 safest _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 327 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 328 most _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 329 committed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 330 portion _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 331 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 332 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 333 blood _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 334 donor _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 335 population _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 336 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 337 many _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 338 Western _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 339 countries _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 340 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 341 leading _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 342 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 343 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 344 increased _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 345 risk _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 346 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 347 safety _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 348 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 349 supply _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 350 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 351 It _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 352 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 353 only _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 354 through _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 355 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 356 appreciation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 357 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 358 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 359 basic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 360 needs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 361 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 362 transfusion _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 363 medicine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 364 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 365 including _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 366 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 367 enunciation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 368 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 369 appropriate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 370 principles _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 371 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 372 manage _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 373 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 374 rather _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 375 than _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 376 eliminate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 377 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 378 risks _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 379 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 380 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 381 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 382 challenges _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 383 imposed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 384 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 385 globalization _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 386 may _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 387 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 388 overcome _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 389 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 652a0d29d11f0cf636c350e3a1a8c82c0340bb09 1 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 explore _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 usage _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 scooter _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 sharing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 services _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 Austin _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 Texas _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 over _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 about _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 sixmonth _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 period _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 26 study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 based _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 trip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 records _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 all _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 shared _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 scooter _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 operators _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 Austin _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 43 includes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 trip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 start _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 end _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 locations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 51 use _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 both _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 analysis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 trip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 patterns _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 spatial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 regression _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 techniques _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 62 examine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 how _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 built _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 environment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 land _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 use _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 demographics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 affect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 escooter _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 trip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 generation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 Our _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 79 findings _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 show _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 82 people _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 use _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 scooters _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 almost _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 exclusively _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 central _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 Austin _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 Commuting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 94 does _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 seem _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 main _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 trip _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 purpose _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 105 usage _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 scooters _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 associated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 areas _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 high _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 employment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 rates _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 areas _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 bicycle _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 infrastructure _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 People _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 127 use _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 scooter _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 sharing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 regardless _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 133 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 affluence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 neighborhood _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 although _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 141 less _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 affluent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 areas _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 high _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 usage _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 rates _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 large _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 student _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 populations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 suggesting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 154 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 155 students _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 use _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 mode _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 travel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 Implications _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 163 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 planners _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 suggest _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 167 better _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 bicycle _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 infrastructure _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 will _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 facilitate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 scooter _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 usage _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 college _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 178 towns _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 ready _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 market _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 scooter _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 sharing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 services _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 191 e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 scooters _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 may _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 substitute _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 some _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 short _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 non _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 work _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 trips _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 reducing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 207 car _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 usage _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 211 benefiting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 environment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 214 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 6726c162b4f4584114ad508ebfb14a3726ff2837 1 Genomics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 based _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 neoantigen _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 discovery _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 can _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 enhanced _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 proteomic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 evidence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 but _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 14 there _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 remains _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 lack _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 consensus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 performance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 different _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 quality _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 control _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 methods _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 variant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 peptide _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 identification _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 proteogenomics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 36 propose _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 use _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 difference _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 accurately _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 predicted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 observed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 retention _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 times _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 each _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 peptide _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 metric _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 55 evaluate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 different _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 quality _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 control _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 methods _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 To _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 62 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 end _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 develop _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 AutoRT _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 70 deep _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 learning _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 algorithm _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 high _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 accuracy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 retention _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 time _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 prediction _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 Analysis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 82 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 three _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 cancer _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 data _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 sets _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 total _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 287 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 tumor _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 samples _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 using _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 95 different _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 quality _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 control _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 strategies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 results _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 100 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 substantially _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 different _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 numbers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 identified _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 variant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 peptides _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 putative _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 neoantigens _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 Our _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 113 systematic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 evaluation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 using _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 117 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 proposed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 retention _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 time _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 metric _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 provides _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 124 insights _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 practical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 guidance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 selection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 quality _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 control _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 strategies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 137 implement _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 recommended _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 strategy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 computational _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 workflow _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 named _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 146 NeoFlow _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 148 support _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 proteogenomics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 based _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 neoantigen _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 prioritization _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 enabling _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 156 more _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 sensitive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 discovery _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 putative _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 neoantigens _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 69403975272536434ad77f177871ffa4c828873e 1 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 availability _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 monoclonal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 antibodies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 mAbs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 specific _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 SARS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 coronavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 SARS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 CoV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 important _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 development _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 both _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 diagnostic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 tools _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 treatment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 35 molecular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 characterization _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 nine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 monoclonal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 antibodies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 raised _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 42 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 immune _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 mice _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 using _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 47 highly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 purified _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 inactivated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 SARS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 CoV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 inoculating _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 antigen _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 60 presented _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 report _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 These _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 66 antibodies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 specific _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 numerous _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 viral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 protein _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 targets _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 76 six _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 them _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 able _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 effectively _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 neutralize _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 SARS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 CoV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 vitro _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 including _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 91 one _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 neutralizing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 titre _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 0.075 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 nM. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 100 phylogenetic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 analysis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 heavy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 light _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 chain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 sequences _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 reveals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 111 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 mAbs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 share _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 considerable _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 homology _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 118 majority _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 heavy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 chains _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 belong _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 single _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 Ig _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 germline _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 V _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 gene _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 family _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 while _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 135 considerably _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 more _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 sequence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 variation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 evident _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 light _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 chain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 sequences _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 These _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 148 analyses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 demonstrate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 151 neutralization _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 ability _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 can _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 correlated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 specific _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 murine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 V _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 H _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 -gene _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 alleles _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 For _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 165 instance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 one _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 evident _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 trend _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 high _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 sequence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 conservation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 V _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 H _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 chains _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 neutralizing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 mAbs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 particularly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 CDR-1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 CDR-2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 191 results _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 suggest _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 194 optimization _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 murine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 mAbs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 neutralization _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 SARS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 CoV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 will _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 likely _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 possible _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 211 will _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 aid _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 214 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 215 development _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 216 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 217 diagnostic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 218 tools _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 219 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 220 passive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 221 treatments _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 222 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 223 SARS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 224 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 225 CoV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 226 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 227 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 698d5442e3e3a15439c7222d5abd9016a14f7fbe 1 With _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 growing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 evidence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 inhalation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 small _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 infectious _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 particles _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 important _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 mode _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 transmission _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 SARS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 CoV-2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 workplace _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 risk _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 assessments _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 should _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 focus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 eliminating _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 minimizing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 such _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 exposures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 33 applying _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 hierarchy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 controls _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 40 adapt _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 control _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 banding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 model _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 aerosol _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 transmissible _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 infectious _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 pandemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 planning _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 54 encourage _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 use _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 source _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 pathway _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 controls _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 before _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 receptor _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 controls _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 66 personal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 protective _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 equipment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 Built _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 72 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 recognition _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 76 aerosol _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 transmissible _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 organisms _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 likely _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 exhibit _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 dose _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 response _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 function _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 such _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 91 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 higher _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 exposures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 result _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 longer _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 contact _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 times _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 higher _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 air _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 concentrations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 105 control _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 banding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 model _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 offers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 systematic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 method _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 113 identifying _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 set _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 source _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 pathway _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 controls _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 122 could _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 eliminate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 reduce _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 need _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 receptor _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 controls _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 133 describe _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 several _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 examples _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 workers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 high _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 risk _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 exposure _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 essential _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 return _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 work _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 categories _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 152 goal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 154 using _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 control _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 banding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 such _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 workers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 161 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 develop _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 effective _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 prevention _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 programs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 170 conserve _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 personal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 protective _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 equipment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 69bce356ec4ad3fcc2a0d7ba9ecfaf0d90d8e423 1 Most _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 biological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 processes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 described _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 series _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 interactions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 proteins _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 molecules _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 18 interactions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 turn _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 described _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 terms _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 atomic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 structures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 To _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 30 annotate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 protein _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 functions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 sets _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 interaction _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 states _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 atomic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 resolution _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 43 thereby _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 better _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 understand _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 relation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 protein _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 interactions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 biological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 functions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 57 conducted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 exhaustive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 all _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 against _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 all _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 atomic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 structure _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 comparisons _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 all _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 known _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 binding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 sites _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 ligands _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 including _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 75 small _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 molecules _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 proteins _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 nucleic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 acids _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 84 identified _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 recurring _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 elementary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 motifs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 By _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 90 integrating _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 elementary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 motifs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 associated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 95 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 each _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 subunit _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 100 defined _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 composite _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 motifs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 104 represent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 context _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 dependent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 combinations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 elementary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 motifs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 It _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 114 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 demonstrated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 function _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 similarity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 can _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 better _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 inferred _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 composite _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 motif _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 similarity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 compared _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 128 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 similarity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 protein _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 sequences _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 individual _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 binding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 sites _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 By _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 141 integrating _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 composite _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 motifs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 associated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 146 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 each _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 protein _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 function _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 152 define _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 meta _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 composite _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 motifs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 each _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 158 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 regarded _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 time _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 independent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 diagrammatic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 representation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 biological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 process _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 It _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 175 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 shown _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 meta _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 composite _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 motifs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 provide _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 richer _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 annotations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 biological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 processes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 than _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 sequence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 clusters _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 193 present _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 results _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 serve _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 basis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 200 bridging _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 atomic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 structures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 higher _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 order _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 biological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 phenomena _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 classification _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 211 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 integration _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 214 binding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 215 site _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 216 structures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 217 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 6ad3708c2049874524e4242c18e8fb41c673ccde 1 Interferons _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 IFNs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 secreted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 proteins _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 cytokine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 family _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 13 regulate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 innate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 adaptive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 immune _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 responses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 Although _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 23 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 importance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 IFNs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 antiviral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 response _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 long _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 appreciated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 37 role _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 bacterial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 infections _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 more _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 complex _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 45 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 currently _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 major _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 focus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 investigation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 54 review _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 summarizes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 our _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 current _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 knowledge _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 role _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 these _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 cytokines _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 host _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 defense _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 against _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 bacterial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 pathogen _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 Listeria _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 monocytogenes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 75 highlights _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 recent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 discoveries _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 molecular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 mechanisms _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 evolved _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 83 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 intracellular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 bacterium _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 88 subvert _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 IFN _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 responses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 6c26acf9ba8059cbd9caa58acb1a64538cfb7df9 1 H9N2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 Avian _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 influenza _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 repeatedly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 infected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 humans _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 mammals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 14 highlights _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 need _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 18 determine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 pathogenicity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 corresponding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 mechanism _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 mammals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 32 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 found _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 two _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 H9N2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 viruses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 similar _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 genetic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 background _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 but _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 different _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 pathogenicity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 mice _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 52 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 duck _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 Nanjing/06/2003 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 NJ06 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 highly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 pathogenic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 mice _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 50 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 mouse _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 lethal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 dose _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 MLD _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 50 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 10 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 2.83 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 50 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 egg _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 infectious _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 dose _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 EID _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 50 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 whereas _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 92 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 duck _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 Nanjing/01/1999 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 NJ01 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 low _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 pathogenic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 mice _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 MLD _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 6.81 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 50 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 > _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 10 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 EID _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 50 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 Further _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 120 studies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 showed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 123 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 NJ06 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 grew _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 faster _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 129 reached _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 significantly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 higher _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 titers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 than _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 NJ01 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 vivo _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 vitro _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 Moreover _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 142 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 NJ06 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 induced _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 more _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 severe _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 lung _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 lesions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 higher _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 levels _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 inflammatory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 cellular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 infiltration _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 cytokine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 response _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 lungs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 than _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 NJ01 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 did _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 However _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 169 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 only _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 12 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 different _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 amino _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 acid _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 residues _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 177 HA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 K157E _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 NA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 A9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 T _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 NA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 R435 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 K _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 PB2-T149P _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 PB2-K627E _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 PB1-R187 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 K _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 PA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 L548 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 M _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 PA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 M550L _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 NP _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 G127E _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 211 NP _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 P277H _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 214 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 215 NP _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 216 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 217 D340N _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 218 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 219 NS1-D171N _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 220 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 221 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 222 found _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 223 between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 224 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 225 two _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 226 viruses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 227 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 228 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 229 all _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 230 these _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 231 residues _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 232 except _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 233 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 234 NA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 235 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 236 R435 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 237 K _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 238 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 239 located _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 240 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 241 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 242 known _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 243 functional _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 244 regions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 245 involved _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 246 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 247 interaction _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 248 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 249 viral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 250 proteins _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 251 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 252 between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 253 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 254 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 255 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 256 host _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 257 factors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 258 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 259 Summary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 260 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 261 our _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 262 results _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 263 suggest _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 264 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 265 multiple _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 266 amino _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 267 acid _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 268 differences _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 269 may _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 270 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 271 responsible _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 272 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 273 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 274 higher _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 275 pathogenicity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 276 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 277 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 278 NJ06 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 279 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 280 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 281 mice _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 282 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 283 resulting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 284 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 285 lethal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 286 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 287 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 288 enhanced _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 289 viral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 290 replication _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 291 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 292 severe _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 293 lung _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 294 lesions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 295 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 296 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 297 excessive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 298 inflammatory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 299 cellular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 300 infiltration _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 301 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 302 cytokine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 303 response _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 304 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 305 lungs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 306 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 307 These _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 308 observations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 309 will _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 310 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 311 helpful _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 312 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 313 better _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 314 understanding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 315 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 316 pathogenic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 317 potential _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 318 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 319 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 320 corresponding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 321 molecular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 322 basis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 323 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 324 H9N2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 325 viruses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 326 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 327 might _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 328 pose _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 329 threats _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 330 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 331 human _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 332 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 333 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 334 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 335 future _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 336 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 6c7490b3cf8a1eb555a400f3f2685d332be814e0 1 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 paper _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 revisits _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4-5 Jessop's _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 Jessop _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 's _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 governance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 welfare _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 framework _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 suggesting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 12 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 13 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 post _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 financial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 crisis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 era _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 austerity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 need _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 look _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 again _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 its _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 analytical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 dimensions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 33 paper _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 reformulates _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35-36 Jessop's _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 Jessop _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 's _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 Schumpeterian _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 Welfare _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 Postnational _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 Regime _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 ideal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 type _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 framework _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 through _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 critique _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 49 then _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 applies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 its _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 reformulated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 Galbrathian _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 Affluent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 Postnational _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 Oligarchy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 ideal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 type _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 case _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 English _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 NHS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 69 present _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 new _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 political _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 economy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 6cc9687cc3d778c4599f09cf044627beffb07dca 1 There _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 urgent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 need _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 7 new _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 therapeutic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 strategies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 contain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 spread _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 novel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 coronavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 2019 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 21 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 curtail _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 its _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 most _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 severe _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 complications _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 Severely _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 29 ill _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 patients _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 experience _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 pathologic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 manifestations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 acute _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 distress _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 syndrome _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 ARDS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 44 clinical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 reports _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 demonstrate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 striking _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 neutrophilia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 elevated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 levels _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 multiple _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 cytokines _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 exaggerated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 inflammatory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 response _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 fatal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 Mechanical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 66 respirator _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 devices _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 most _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 widely _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 applied _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 therapy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 ARDS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 yet _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 80 mechanical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 ventilation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 achieves _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 strikingly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 poor _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 survival _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 Many _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 88 patients _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 who _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 91 recover _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 experience _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 94 impaired _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 cognition _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 physical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 disability _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 101 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 review _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 argue _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 need _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 109 develop _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 therapies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 aimed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 112 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 inhibiting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 neutrophil _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 recruitment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 activation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 degranulation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 neutrophil _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 extracellular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 trap _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 NET _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 release _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 Moreover _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 131 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 suggest _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 135 currently _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 available _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 pharmacologic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 approaches _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 should _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 tested _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 treatments _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 ARDS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 150 our _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 view _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 targeting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 host _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 mediated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 immunopathology _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 holds _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 promise _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 161 alleviate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 progressive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 pathologic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 complications _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 ARDS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 168 reduce _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 morbidities _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 mortalities _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 severely _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 ill _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 patients _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 6eca16767700a8bd776371e815cf5e85d5195f11 1 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 coronavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 pandemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 posed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 challenge _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 healthcare _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 systems _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 17 healthcare _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 workers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 HCWs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 high _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 risk _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 exposure _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 Protecting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 30 HCWs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 paramount _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 importance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 36 maintain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 continuous _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 patient _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 care _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 41 keep _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 healthcare _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 systems _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 functioning _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 Used _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 47 alongside _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 administrative _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 engineering _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 control _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 measures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 personal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 55 protective _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 equipment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 PPE _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 last _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 line _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 defense _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 core _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 component _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 protection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 Current _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 74 data _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 suggest _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 77 severe _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 acute _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 syndrome _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 coronavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 SARS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 CoV-2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 mainly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 transmitted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 through _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 droplets _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 close _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 contact _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 Airborne _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 99 transmission _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 may _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 occur _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 during _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 aerosol _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 generating _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 procedures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 However _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 109 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 modes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 transmission _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 still _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 remain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 uncertain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 especially _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 119 regarding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 possibility _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 airborne _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 transmission _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 when _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 126 aerosolgenerating _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 procedures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 performed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 Thus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 133 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 there _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 some _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 inconsistencies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 protective _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 equipment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 recommended _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 144 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 international _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 national _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 organizations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 151 Korea _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 there _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 several _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 modifications _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 PPE _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 recommendations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 offering _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 162 options _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 164 choosing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 PPE _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 body _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 protection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 173 confuses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 HCWs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 ; _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 they _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 177 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 often _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 unsure _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 what _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 wear _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 when _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 wear _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 it _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 190 choice _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 PPE _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 based _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 risk _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 exposure _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 possible _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 modes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 transmission _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 207 level _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 protection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 provided _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 211 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 PPE _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 differs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 214 based _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 215 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 216 standards _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 217 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 218 test _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 219 methods _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 220 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 221 Thus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 222 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 223 understanding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 224 them _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 225 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 226 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 227 key _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 228 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 229 selecting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 230 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 231 proper _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 232 PPE _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 233 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 234 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 235 article _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 236 reviews _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 237 evidence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 238 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 239 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 240 mode _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 241 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 242 SARS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 243 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 244 CoV-2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 245 transmission _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 246 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 247 compares _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 248 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 249 current _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 250 PPE _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 251 recommendations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 252 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 253 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 254 World _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 255 Health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 256 Organization _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 257 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 258 those _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 259 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 260 Korea _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 261 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 262 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 263 discusses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 264 standard _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 265 requirements _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 266 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 267 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 268 proper _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 269 selection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 270 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 271 PPE _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 272 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 70051fcbe18013e7d3e7476158e7893ed2cc7cc8 1 Knowledge _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 about _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 molecular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 basis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 SARS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 CoV-2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 incipient _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 However _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 15 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 recent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 experimental _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 results _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 about _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 interactome _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 shown _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 26 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 single _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 positive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 stranded _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 RNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 produces _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 set _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 about _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 28 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 specific _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 proteins _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 grouped _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 42 into _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 16 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 non _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 structural _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 proteins _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 49 Nsp1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 Nsp16 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 four _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 55 structural _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 proteins _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 58 E _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 M _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 N _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 S _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 69 eight _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 accessory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 proteins _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 73 orf3a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 orf6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 orf7a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 orf7b _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 orf8 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 orf9b _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 orf9c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 orf10 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 92 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 brief _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 communication _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 network _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 model _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 interactome _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 these _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 viral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 proteins _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 host _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 proteins _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 analyzed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 114 statistical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 analysis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 network _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 shows _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 121 it _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 modular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 scale _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 free _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 topology _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 130 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 proteins _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 orf8 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 M _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 Nsp7 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 three _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 nodes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 most _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 connections _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 links _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 153 result _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 suggests _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 possibility _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 158 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 simultaneous _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 pharmacological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 attack _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 these _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 hubs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 could _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 assure _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 destruction _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 network _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 elimination _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 715bb1882a9b2b1bb0561bbd02a158f6deae2745 1 Viral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 influenza _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 seasonal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 associated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 8 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 significant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 morbidity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 mortality _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 15 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 United _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 States _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 more _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 than _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 35,000 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 deaths _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 200,000 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 hospitalizations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 due _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 26 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 influenza _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 occur _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 29 annually _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 32 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 increasing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 Children _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 38 aged _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 39 less _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 than _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 year _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 44 adults _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 aged _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 46 more _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 than _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 65 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 years _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 pregnant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 52 woman _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 people _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 any _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 age _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 comorbid _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 illnesses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 highest _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 risk _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 Annual _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 68 vaccination _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 cornerstone _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 prevention _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 but _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 76 some _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 older _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 patients _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 may _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 derive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 less _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 benefit _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 immunization _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 than _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 otherwise _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 fit _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 individuals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 If _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 91 started _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 promptly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 antiviral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 95 medications _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 may _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 reduce _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 complications _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 acute _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 influenza _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 but _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 104 increasing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 resistance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 amantadine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 perhaps _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 neuraminidase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 inhibitors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 underscores _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 need _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 novel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 prevention _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 treatment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 strategies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 Pulmonary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 123 complications _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 influenza _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 most _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 common _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 130 include _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 primary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 influenza _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 secondary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 bacterial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 Either _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 139 may _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 cause _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 pneumonia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 144 each _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 unique _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 clinical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 presentation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 pathologic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 basis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 Staphylococcus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 155 aureus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 including _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 158 methicillin _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 resistant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 strains _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 164 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 important _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 cause _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 secondary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 bacterial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 pneumonia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 high _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 mortality _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 During _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 176 influenza _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 season _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 treatment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 pneumonia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 should _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 include _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 empiric _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 coverage _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 pathogen _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 Neuromuscular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 191 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 cardiac _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 complications _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 unusual _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 but _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 197 may _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 manifest _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 persons _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 any _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 age _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 73924069b04d70bd1ef34a879ed7001f63c1111c 1 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 emerged _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 global _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 medical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 emergency _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 recentdecades _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 12 spread _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 scenario _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 pandemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 shown _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 many _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 variations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 Keeping _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 23 all _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 mind _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 29 article _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 written _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 after _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 various _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 studies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 analysis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 latest _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 data _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 spread _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 46 also _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 includes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 demographic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 environmental _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 factors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 After _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 55 gathering _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 data _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 various _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 resources _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 all _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 62 data _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 integrated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 passed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 into _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 different _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 Machine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 Learning _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 Models _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 73 check _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 fit _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 Ensemble _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 78 Learning _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 Technique _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 Random _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 Forest _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 gives _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 good _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 evaluation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 score _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 test _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 data _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 Through _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 95 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 technique _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 various _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 important _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 factors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 recognised _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 104 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 contribution _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 spread _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 analysed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 Also _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 113 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 linear _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 relationship _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 various _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 features _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 plotted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 through _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 heatmap _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 Pearson _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 Correlation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 matrix _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 Finally _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 129 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 Kalman _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 Filter _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 used _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 135 estimate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 future _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 spread _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 COVID19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 142 shows _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 good _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 result _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 test _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 data _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 150 inferences _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 Random _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 Forest _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 feature _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 importance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 Pearson _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 Correlation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 gives _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 many _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 similarities _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 some _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 dissimilarities _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 167 these _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 techniques _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 successfully _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 identify _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 different _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 contributing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 factors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 177 Kalman _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 Filter _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 gives _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 satisfying _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 result _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 short _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 term _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 estimation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 but _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 189 not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 so _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 good _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 performance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 long _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 term _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 forecasting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 Overall _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 199 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 analysis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 plots _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 inferences _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 forecast _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 satisfying _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 211 can _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 help _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 214 lot _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 215 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 216 fighting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 217 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 218 spread _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 219 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 220 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 221 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 222 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 7740faa25788c48ed6796fc578d102bcb13879bf 1 To _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 trace _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 possible _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 route _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 introduction _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 porcine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 epidemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 diarrhea _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 PEDV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 18 phylogenetic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 relationships _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 PEDV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 strains _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 regions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 epidemicity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 Philippines _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 PEDV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 strains _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 35 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 endemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 countries _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 41 investigated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 Partial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 44 nucleotide _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 sequences _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 S1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 spike _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 gene _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 determined _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 PEDV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 positive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 samples _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 60 compared _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 S1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 sequences _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 countries _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 Phylogenetic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 69 analysis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 indicated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 72 PEDV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 strains _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 Philippines _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 segregate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 into _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 two _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 groups _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 791bb7fd75fdeed7781334dfb35f216bcea492df 1 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 carbamate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 group _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 key _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 structural _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 motif _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 many _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 approved _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 drugs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 prodrugs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 There _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 17 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 increasing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 use _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 carbamates _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 medicinal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 chemistry _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 27 many _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 derivatives _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 specifically _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 designed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 33 make _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 drug−target _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 interactions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 through _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 carbamate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 moiety _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 42 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 Perspective _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 present _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 properties _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 stabilities _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 carbamates _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 reagents _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 chemical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 methodologies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 synthesis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 carbamates _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 recent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 applications _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 carbamates _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 drug _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 design _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 medicinal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 chemistry _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 7a305e42035041d1c17926738a1ae7aeaad71444 1 Boolean _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 programs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 multiple _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 recursive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 threads _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 can _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 captured _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 pushdown _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 automata _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 multiple _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 stacks _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 18 model _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 Turing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 complete _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 24 hence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 one _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 often _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 interested _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 analyzing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 restricted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 class _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 36 still _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 captures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 useful _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 behaviors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 42 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 paper _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 propose _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 new _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 class _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 bounded _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 underapproximations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 multi _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 pushdown _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 systems _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 60 subsumes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 most _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 existing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 classes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 66 develop _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 efficient _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 algorithm _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 71 solving _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 under _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 approximate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 reachability _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 problem _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 80 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 based _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 efficient _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 fix _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 point _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 computations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 90 implement _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 it _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 our _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 tool _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 BHIM _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 97 illustrate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 its _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 applicability _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 101 generating _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 set _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 relevant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 benchmarks _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 108 examining _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 its _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 performance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 As _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 113 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 additional _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 takeaway _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 BHIM _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 solves _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 binary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 reachability _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 problem _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 pushdown _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 automata _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 To _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 127 show _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 versatility _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 our _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 approach _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 135 then _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 extend _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 our _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 algorithm _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 timed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 setting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 144 provide _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 first _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 implementation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 149 can _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 handle _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 timed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 multipushdown _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 automata _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 closed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 guards _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 7c5cc45af01353704cf642ff1a7af510c6232521 1 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 describe _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 explicit _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 mechanism _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 emergence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 dynamical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 holographic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 bulk _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 structure _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 entanglement _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 quantum _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 25 start _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 generic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 system _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 complete _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 isolation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 assuming _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 35 it _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 36 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 classical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 limit _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 involving _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 41 coherent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 states _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 Then _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 45 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 entangle _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 it _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 another _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 system _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 kind _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 56 subject _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 pair _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 decohering _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 process _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 65 make _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 broadly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 applicable _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 physically _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 reasonable _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 assumptions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 about _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 setup _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 First _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 80 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 assume _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 84 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 states _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 selected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 decoherence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 91 called _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 pointer _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 states _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 96 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 same _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 local _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 symmetries _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 isolated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 systems _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 sense _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 109 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 made _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 precise _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 114 also _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 assume _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 117 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 modular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 Hamiltonians _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 pointer _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 states _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 scale _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 inversely _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126-127 Planck's _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 Planck _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 's _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 constant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 so _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 131 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 pointer _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 states _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 highly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 entangled _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 classical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 limit _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 Finally _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 144 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 require _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 timescale _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 decoherence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 152 scale _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 certain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 way _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158-159 Planck's _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 Planck _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 's _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 constant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 so _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 163 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 decoherence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 happens _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 very _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 frequently _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 classical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 limit _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 but _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 too _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 frequently _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 Given _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 179 these _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 assumptions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 183 demonstrate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 185 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 semiclassical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 evolution _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 system _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 dominated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 certain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 dynamical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 generalisation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 Uhlmann _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 holonomy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 203 construct _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 coherent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 path _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 integral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 211 evolution _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 showing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 214 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 215 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 216 semiclassical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 217 fields _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 218 evolve _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 219 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 220 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 221 spacetime _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 222 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 223 one _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 224 more _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 225 dimension _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 226 than _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 227 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 228 isolated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 229 case _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 230 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 231 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 232 additional _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 233 dimension _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 234 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 235 generated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 236 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 237 modular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 238 flow _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 239 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 7c8f40872fb6e8d5289fec4b0573cc22e15fa180 1 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 recent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 years _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 incidence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 severe _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 infectious _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 diseases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 increased _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 15 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 emerging _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 infectious _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 diseases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 continues _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 increase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 26 Chinese _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 government _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 military _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 forces _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 paid _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 great _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 deal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 attention _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 infectious _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 prevention _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 control _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 46 using _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 military _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 civilian _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 cooperation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 they _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 53 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 successfully _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 prevented _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 numerous _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 severe _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 epidemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 situations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 such _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 62 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 severe _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 acute _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 syndrome _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 SARS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 influenza _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 H1N1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 avian _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 influenza _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 H5N1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 H7N9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 Ebola _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 hemorrhagic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 fever _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 while _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 89 actively _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 maintained _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 public _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 economic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 development _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 national _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 construction _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 102 paper _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 focuses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 mechanisms _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 military _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 cooperative _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 emergency _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 response _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 infectious _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 diseases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 118 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 joint _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 working _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 mechanism _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 information _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 sharing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 mechanism _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 research _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 collaboration _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 mechanism _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 joint _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 disposal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 mechanism _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 141 presents _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 sorted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 summary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 practices _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 experiences _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 cooperative _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 emergency _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 responses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 infectious _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 diseases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 159 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 future _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 Chinese _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 military _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 civilian _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 sector _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 will _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 further _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 strengthen _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 cooperative _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 joint _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 command _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 system _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 emergency _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 rescue _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 force _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 182 will _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 reinforce _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 collaborative _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 information _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 sharing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 platform _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 technical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 equipment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 system _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 195 further _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 improve _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 military _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 civilian _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 collaborative _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 emergency _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 infectious _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 diseases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 disposal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 advance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 207 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 level _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 infectious _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 211 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 prevention _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 214 control _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 215 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 216 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 217 maintain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 218 public _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 219 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 220 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 7ff1d5c7e68d082ee1f2e6fdfbb6ae1ff931e0db 1 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 can _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 affect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 hematopoietic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 system _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 Thrombocytopenia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 9 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 admission _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 prevalent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 while _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 15 late _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 phase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 delayed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 phase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 thrombocytopenia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 24 occurred _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 14 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 days _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 after _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 symptom _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 onset _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 32 obscure _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 35 retrospective _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 single _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 center _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 screened _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 450 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 patients _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 45 enrolled _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 271 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 patients _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 Union _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 Hospital _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 Wuhan _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 China _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 January _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 25th _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 March _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 9th _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 2020 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 67 associated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 delayed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 phase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 thrombocytopenia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 occurred _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 11.8 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 percent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 enrolling _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 patients _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 82 delayed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 phase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 thrombocytopenia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 prone _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 develop _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 elderly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 patients _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 patients _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 low _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 lymphocyte _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 count _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 admission _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 105 delayed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 phase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 thrombocytopenia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 significantly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 associated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 increased _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 length _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 hospital _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 stay _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 higher _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 mortality _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 rate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 Delayed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 124 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 phase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 nadir _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 platelet _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 counts _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 demonstrated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 significantly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 negative _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 correlation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 B _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 cell _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 percentages _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 140 also _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 presented _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 bone _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 marrow _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 aspiration _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 pathology _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 three _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 patients _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 delayed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 phase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 thrombocytopenia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 showing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 156 impaired _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 maturation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 megakaryocytes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 162 speculated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 164 immune _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 mediated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 platelet _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 destruction _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 might _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 account _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 delayed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 phase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 thrombocytopenia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 group _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 patients _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 Besides _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 183 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 clinicians _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 need _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 pay _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 attention _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 delayed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 phase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 thrombocytopenia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 especially _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 weeks _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 after _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 symptom _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 onset _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 8edf35c1ee0ae65d00ecd1d87b98f48bcce861ee 1 Mortality _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 coronavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 2019 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 strongly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 associated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 cardiovascular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 diabetes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 hypertension _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 These _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 19 disorders _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 share _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 underlying _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 pathophysiology _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 related _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 24 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 renin _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 angiotensin _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 system _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 RAS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 34 may _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 clinically _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 insightful _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 40 particular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 activity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 angiotensin _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 converting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 enzyme _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 ACE2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 dysregulated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 cardiovascular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 60 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 enzyme _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 used _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 severe _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 acute _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 syndrome _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 coronavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 SARS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 CoV-2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 77 initiate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 Cardiovascular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 82 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 pharmacologic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 RAS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 inhibition _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 both _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 increase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 ACE2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 levels _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 93 may _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 increase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 virulence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 SARS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 CoV-2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 within _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 lung _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 heart _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 Conversely _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 108 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 mechanistic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 evidence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 related _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 coronaviruses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 suggests _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 116 SARS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 CoV-2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 may _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 downregulate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 ACE2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 leading _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 125 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 toxic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 overaccumulation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 Angiotensin _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 II _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 132 induces _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 acute _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 distress _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 syndrome _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 fulminant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 myocarditis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 RAS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 142 inhibition _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 could _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 mitigate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 effect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 With _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 149 conflicting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 mechanistic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 evidence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 propose _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 key _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 clinical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 research _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 priorities _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 necessary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 160 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 clarify _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 role _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 RAS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 inhibition _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 mortality _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 171 could _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 rapidly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 addressed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 international _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 research _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 community _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = 986a03b193e684ba1acfbc5f275bd7935b3507ec 1 Motivated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 covid-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 pandemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 8 developed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 novel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 Shewhart _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 chart _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 14 visualize _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 learn _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 variation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 reported _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 deaths _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 epidemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 Without _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 27 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 method _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 30 understand _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 if _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 day _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 day _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 variation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 outcomes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 may _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 attributed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 meaningful _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 signals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 change _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 49 rather _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 than _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 variability _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 would _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 expect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 care _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 57 providers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 improvement _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 leaders _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 policy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 makers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 public _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 will _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 struggle _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 recognize _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 if _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 epidemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 conditions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 improving _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 80 developed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 novel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 hybrid _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 C _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 Chart _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 Chart _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 92 detect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 within _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 geographic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 area _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 start _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 end _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 exponential _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 growth _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 reported _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 deaths _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 Reported _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 109 deaths _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 unit _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 analysis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 owing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 116 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 erratic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 reporting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 cases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 variability _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 local _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 testing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 strategies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 129 used _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 simulation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 case _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 studies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 135 assess _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 chart _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 performance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 139 define _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 technical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 parameters _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 144 approach _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 also _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 applies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 critical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 measures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 related _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 152 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 pandemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 when _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 156 high _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 quality _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 data _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 available _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 164 hybrid _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 chart _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 detected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 start _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 exponential _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 growth _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 173 identified _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 early _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 signals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 177 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 growth _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 phase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 ending _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 During _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 184 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 pandemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 timely _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 reliable _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 signals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 191 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 epidemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 waxing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 waning _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 may _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 198 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 mortal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 implications _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 203 novel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 chart _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 offers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 practical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 tool _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 accessible _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 211 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 system _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 leaders _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 214 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 215 front _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 216 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 217 line _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 218 teams _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 219 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 220 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 221 visualize _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 222 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 223 learn _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 224 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 225 daily _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 226 reported _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 227 deaths _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 228 during _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 229 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 230 epidemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 231 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 232 Without _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 233 Shewhart _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 234 charts _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 235 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 236 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 237 more _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 238 broadly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 239 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 240 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 241 theory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 242 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 243 variation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 244 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 245 our _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 246 epidemiological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 247 arsenal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 248 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 249 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 250 lack _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 251 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 252 scientific _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 253 method _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 254 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 255 real _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 256 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 257 time _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 258 assessment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 259 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 260 local _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 261 conditions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 262 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 263 Shewhart _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 264 charts _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 265 should _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 266 become _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 267 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 268 standard _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 269 method _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 270 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 271 learning _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 272 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 273 data _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 274 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 275 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 276 context _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 277 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 278 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 279 pandemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 280 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 281 epidemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 282 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = abf6f66d8e18b652d10944bb21e19debca5dc5e8 1 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 Scutellaria _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 species _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 Lamiaceae _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 used _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 source _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 flavonoids _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 15 treat _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 variety _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 diseases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 traditional _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 medicine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 25 spite _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 many _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 reports _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 about _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 cytotoxic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 antitumor _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 effects _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 some _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 species _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 genus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 anticancer _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 43 researches _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 one _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 Iranian _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 species _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 S. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 litwinowii _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 yet _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 conducted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 59 cytotoxic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 properties _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 total _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 methanol _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 extract _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 S. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 litwinowii _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 its _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 fractions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 investigated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 different _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 cancer _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 cell _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 lines _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 including _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 79 AGS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 HeLa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 MCF-7 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 PC12 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 NIH _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 3T3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 Meanwhile _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 91 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 role _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 apoptosis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 toxicity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 explored _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 103 cells _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 cultured _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 DMEM _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 medium _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 110 incubated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 different _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 concentrations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 herb _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 plant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 extracts _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 Cell _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 120 viability _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 quantitated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 MTT _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 assay _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 Apoptotic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 128 cells _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 determined _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 using _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 132 propidium _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 iodide _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 staining _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 DNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 fragmentation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 flow _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 cytometry _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 sub _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 G1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 peak _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 Scutellaria _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 149 litwinowii _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 inhibited _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 growth _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 malignant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 cells _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 dose _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 dependent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 manner _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 Among _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 164 solvent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 fractions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 S. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 litwinowii _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 methylene _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 chloride _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 fraction _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 found _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 more _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 toxic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 compared _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 181 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 fractions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 186 IC _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 50 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 values _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 fraction _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 against _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 AGS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 HeLa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 MCF-7 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 PC12 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 cell _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 lines _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 after _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 24 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 h _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 determined _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 121.2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 ± _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 3.1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 211 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 40.9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 ± _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 214 2.5 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 215 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 216 115.9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 217 ± _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 218 3.5 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 219 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 220 64.5 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 221 ± _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 222 3.4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 223 μg _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 224 / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 225 ml _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 226 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 227 respectively _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 228 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 229 Scutellaria _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 230 litwinowii _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 231 induced _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 232 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 233 sub _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 234 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 235 G1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 236 peak _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 237 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 238 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 239 flow _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 240 cytometry _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 241 histogram _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 242 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 243 treated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 244 cells _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 245 compared _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 246 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 247 control _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 248 cells _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 249 indicating _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 250 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 251 apoptotic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 252 cell _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 253 death _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 254 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 255 involved _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 256 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 257 S. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 258 litwinowii _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 259 toxicity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 260 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 261 Scutellaria _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 262 litwinowii _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 263 exerts _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 264 cytotoxic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 265 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 266 proapototic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 267 effects _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 268 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 269 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 270 variety _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 271 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 272 malignant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 273 cell _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 274 lines _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 275 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 276 could _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 277 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 278 considered _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 279 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 280 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 281 potential _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 282 chemotherapeutic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 283 agent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 284 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 285 cancer _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 286 treatment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 287 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = ad71472308fc72f2b3fe0044ac4bc2f08c4481b6 1 Feline _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 infectious _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 peritonitis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 devastating _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 fatal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 domestic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 cats _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 caused _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 14 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 pathogenic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 mutant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 derived _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 20 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 ubiquitous _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 feline _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 enteric _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 coronavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 FECV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 Infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 31 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 FECV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 generally _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 subclinical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 38 little _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 known _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 about _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 mucosal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 immune _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 response _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 47 controls _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 eliminates _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 54 investigated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 mucosal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 immune _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 response _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 against _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 FECV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 endemically _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 infected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 breeding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 colony _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 over _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 seven _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 month _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 period _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 Thirty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 75 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 three _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 cats _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 grouped _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 according _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 FECV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 seropositivity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 fecal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 shedding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 into _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 naïve _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 immunologically _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 quiescent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 convalescent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 actively _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 infected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 groups _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 Blood _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 101 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 fecal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 samples _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 colon _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 biopsies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 collected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 110 assess _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 mucosal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 systemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 immunologic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 virologic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 profile _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 Results _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 121 showed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 123 cats _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 active _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 FECV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 infections _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 strong _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 systemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 IgG _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 mucosal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 IgA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 responses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 137 wane _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 after _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 clearance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 Significant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 143 FECV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 specific _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 mucosal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 T _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 cell _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 IFNγ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 responses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 detected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 any _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 three _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 groups _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 162 shift _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 toward _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 inflammatory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 mucosa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 suggested _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 increased _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 IL17 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 FoxP3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 expression _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 However _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 180 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 no _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 histologic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 abnormalities _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 observed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 188 no _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 shifts _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 lymphocyte _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 subpopulation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 phenotype _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 proliferation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 noted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 Together _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 200 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 results _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 suggest _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 205 control _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 FECV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 mediated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 211 humoral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 mucosal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 214 systemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 215 responses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 216 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 217 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 218 perturbations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 219 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 220 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 221 primary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 222 reservoir _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 223 organ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 224 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 225 colon _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 226 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 227 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 228 minimal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 229 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = ae382b26740aa78bdfb76f6e470dcf71a3263db9 1 Previous _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 analysis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 porcine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 coronavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 PRCV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 mRNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 species _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 showed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 14 mRNAs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 smaller _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 than _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 corresponding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 transmissible _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 gastroenteritis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 TGEV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 mRNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 species _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 Page _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 et _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 al _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 1991 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 J. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 Gen. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 Virol _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 72 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 579 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 587 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 Sequence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 51 analysis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 showed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 54 mRNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 smaller _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 due _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 59 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 presence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 new _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 putative _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 RNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 leader _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 binding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 site _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 upstream _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 PRCV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 ORF-3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 gene _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 However _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 79 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 observation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 did _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 explain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 deletion _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 observed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 88 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 PRCV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 mRNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 Polymerase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 94 chain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 reaction _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 PCR _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 used _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 102 generate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 cDNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 ' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 coding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 region _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 putative _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 polymerase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 gene _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 poly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 tail _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 PRCV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 comparison _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 equivalent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 region _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 TGEV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 134 PRCV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 S _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 protein _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 found _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 consist _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 1225 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 amino _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 acids _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 147 had _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 98 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 similarity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 TGEV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 S _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 protein _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 However _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 158 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 PRCV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 S _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 gene _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 contained _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 672 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 nucleotide _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 deletion _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 corresponding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 170 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 224 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 amino _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 acids _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 175 residues _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 21 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 245 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 TGEV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 S _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 protein _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 59 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 186 nucleotides _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 downstream _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 S _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 gene _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 initiation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 codon _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 196 PRCV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 genome _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 ORF-3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 gene _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 poly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 tail _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 sequenced _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 211 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 comparison _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 214 TGEV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 215 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 216 order _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 217 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 218 identify _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 219 other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 220 potential _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 221 differences _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 222 between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 223 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 224 two _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 225 viruses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 226 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 227 Four _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 228 ORFs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 229 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 230 identified _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 231 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 232 showed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 233 98 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 234 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 235 similarity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 236 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 237 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 238 TGEV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 239 ORF-4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 240 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 241 M _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 242 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 243 N _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 244 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 245 ORF-7 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 246 genes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 247 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 248 No _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 249 other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 250 deletions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 251 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 252 any _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 253 PRCV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 254 specific _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 255 sequences _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 256 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 257 identified _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 258 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = afac086b9492b66969c0f1af5c95e804d111cb3c 1 It _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 increasingly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 evident _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 China _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 attached _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 more _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 attention _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 discursive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 power _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 foreign _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 policy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 since _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 early _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 21st _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 century _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 Both _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 24 top _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 leaders _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 government _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 agencies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 active _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 33 advocating _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 new _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 discourse _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 various _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 international _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 occasions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 Previously _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 44 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 China _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 reluctant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 join _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 debate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 international _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 affairs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 58 been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 instead _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 preoccupied _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 domestic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 affairs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 since _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 late _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 1970s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 70 situation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 changed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 since _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 2009 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 because _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 76 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77-78 China's _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 China _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 's _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 rapid _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 rise _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 82 become _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84-85 world's _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 world _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 's _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 second _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 largest _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 economy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 With _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 91 regard _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 motivations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 behind _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 Chinese _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98-99 government's _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 government _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 's _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 support _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 discursive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 power _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 106 dominant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 explanation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 based _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 ' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 ' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 rise _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 China _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 ' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 ' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 argument _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 However _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 122 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 argument _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 does _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 explain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 causal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 relationship _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132-133 China's _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 China _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 's _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 rise _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 its _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 discursive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 power _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 strategy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 So _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 142 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 paper _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 aims _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 clarify _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 motivation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 behind _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151-152 China's _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 China _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 's _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 discursive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 power _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 strategy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 through _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 document _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 reviews _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 interviews _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 mainstream _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 scholars _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 It _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 166 concludes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 168 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 discursive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 power _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 strategy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 fundamental _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 principle _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 Communist _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 Party _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 China _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 since _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 its _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 establishment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 1921 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 Since _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 190-191 China's _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 China _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 's _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 adoption _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 opening _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 up _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 policy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 1978 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 tradition _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 suppressed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 but _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 208 not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 eliminated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 entirely _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 211 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 top _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 leaders _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 214 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 215 As _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 216 China _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 217 continues _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 218 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 219 rise _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 220 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 221 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 222 world _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 223 stage _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 224 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 225 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 226 principle _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 227 will _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 228 drive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 229 China _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 230 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 231 create _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 232 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 233 new _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 234 political _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 235 model _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 236 rather _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 237 than _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 238 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 239 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 240 mere _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 241 follower _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 242 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 243 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 244 established _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 245 political _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 246 order _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 247 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = c0aab944289f83044c72b64bf0726624f1b244ce 1 Recently _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 developed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 vaccines _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 provide _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 new _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 way _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 9 controlling _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 rotavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 sub _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 Saharan _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 Africa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 Models _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 18 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 transmission _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 dynamics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 rotavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 critical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 both _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 27 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 estimating _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 current _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 burden _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 imperfect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 surveillance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 35 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 assessing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 potential _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 effects _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 vaccine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 intervention _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 strategies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 45 examine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 rotavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 Maradi _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 area _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 southern _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 Niger _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 using _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 56 hospital _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 surveillance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 data _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 provided _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 60 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 Epicentre _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 collected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 63 over _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 two _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 years _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 Additionally _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 68 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 cluster _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 survey _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 households _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 region _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 allows _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 us _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 estimate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 proportion _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 children _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 diarrhea _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 who _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 88 consulted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 structure _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 Model _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 95 fit _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 future _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 projections _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 necessarily _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 particular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 given _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 model _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 ; _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 thus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 108 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 where _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 there _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 competing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 models _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 underlying _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 epidemiology _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 119 ensemble _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 approach _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 can _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 account _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 uncertainty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 128 compare _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 our _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 results _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 across _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 several _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 variants _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 Susceptible _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 Infectious _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 Recovered _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 SIR _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 compartmental _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 models _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 146 quantify _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 impact _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 modeling _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 assumptions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 our _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 estimates _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 Model _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 157 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 specific _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 parameters _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 estimated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 Bayesian _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 inference _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 using _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 166 Markov _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 chain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 Monte _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 Carlo _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 172 then _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 use _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 Bayesian _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 model _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 averaging _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 178 generate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 ensemble _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 estimates _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 current _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 dynamics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 including _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 187 estimates _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 R _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 burden _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 region _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 well _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 impact _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 vaccination _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 both _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 short _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 211 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 term _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 dynamics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 214 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 215 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 216 long _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 217 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 218 term _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 219 reduction _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 220 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 221 rotavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 222 incidence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 223 under _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 224 varying _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 225 levels _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 226 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 227 coverage _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 228 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 229 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 230 ensemble _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 231 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 232 models _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 233 predicts _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 234 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 235 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 236 current _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 237 burden _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 238 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 239 severe _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 240 rotavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 241 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 242 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 243 2.6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 244 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 245 3.7 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 246 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 247 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 248 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 249 population _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 250 each _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 251 year _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 252 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 253 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 254 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 255 2-dose _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 256 vaccine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 257 schedule _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 258 achieving _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 259 70 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 260 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 261 coverage _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 262 could _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 263 reduce _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 264 burden _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 265 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 266 39 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 267 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 268 42 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 269 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 270 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = c74ce5464f754301499d7537e87810f46e69c454 1 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 mechanisms _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 inflammation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 cancer _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 intertwined _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 complex _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 networks _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 signaling _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 pathways _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 Dysregulations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 17 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 Janus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 kinase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 signal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 transducer _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 activator _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 transcription _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 JAK _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 STAT _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 pathway _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 underlie _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 several _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 pathogenic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 conditions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 related _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 39 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 chronic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 inflammatory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 states _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 autoimmune _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 diseases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 cancer _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 Historically _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 50 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 potential _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 application _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 JAK _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 inhibition _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 thoroughly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 explored _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 thus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 63 triggering _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 escalation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 favorable _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 results _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 field _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 So _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 74 far _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 five _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 JAK _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 inhibitors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 approved _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 Food _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 Drug _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 Administration _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 FDA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 treatment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 different _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 diseases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 Considering _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 99 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 complexity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 JAK _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 depending _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 processes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 involvement _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 multiple _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 disorders _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 JAK _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 114 inhibitors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 perfect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 candidates _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 drug _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 repurposing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 assessment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 multitarget _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 strategies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 Herein _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 131 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 reviewed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 recent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 progress _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 concerning _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 137 JAK _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 inhibition _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 including _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 141 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 innovations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 provided _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 144 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 release _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 JAKs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 crystal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 structures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 152 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 improvement _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 synthetic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 strategies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 aimed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 158 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 simplify _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 industrial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 scale _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 up _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = cbf2a8ce743bc19fbf8b89bccaec836b25897cfe 1 Compelling _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 evidence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 supports _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 role _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 oxidative _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 stress _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10-11 Alzheimer's _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 Alzheimer _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 's _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 AD _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 pathophysiology _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 Interestingly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 19 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 Herpes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 simplex _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 virus-1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 HSV-1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 neurotropic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 31 establishes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 lifelong _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 latent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 trigeminal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 ganglion _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 followed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 41 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 periodic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 reactivations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 46 been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 reportedly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 linked _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 both _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 AD _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 oxidative _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 stress _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 conditions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 Herein _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 59 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 analyzed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 through _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 biochemical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 redox _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 proteomic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 approaches _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 mouse _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 model _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 recurrent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 HSV-1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 78 previously _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 set _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 up _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 83 investigate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 whether _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 multiple _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 reactivations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 induced _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 oxidative _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 stress _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 mouse _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 brain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 affected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 protein _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 function _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 related _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 intracellular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 pathways _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 Following _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 105 multiple _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 HSV-1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 reactivations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 110 found _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 mouse _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 brains _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 increased _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 levels _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 oxidative _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 stress _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 hallmarks _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 including _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 122 4-hydroxynonenal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 HNE _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 13 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 HNE _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 modified _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 proteins _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 whose _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 134 levels _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 found _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 significantly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 altered _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 cortex _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 HSV-1-infected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 mice _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 compared _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 146 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 controls _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 150 focused _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 two _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 proteins _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 previously _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 155 linked _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 AD _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 pathogenesis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 i.e. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 161 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 glucose _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 regulated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 protein _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 78 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 GRP78 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 collapsin _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 response _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 mediated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 protein _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 CRMP2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 182 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 involved _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 unfolded _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 protein _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 response _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 UPR _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 microtubule _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 stabilization _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 respectively _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 200 found _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 202 recurrent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 HSV-1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 disables _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 GRP78 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 function _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 209 activates _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 211 UPR _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 whereas _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 214 it _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 215 prevents _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 216 CRMP2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 217 function _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 218 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 219 mouse _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 220 brains _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 221 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 222 Overall _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 223 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 224 these _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 225 data _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 226 suggest _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 227 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 228 repeated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 229 HSV-1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 230 reactivation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 231 into _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 232 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 233 brain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 234 may _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 235 contribute _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 236 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 237 neurodegeneration _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 238 also _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 239 through _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 240 oxidative _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 241 damage _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 242 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = cc0c8d1b722d78c17b7023fd6058fd11efbd0567 1 OBJECTIVE _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 Recent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 4 experiences _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 United _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 States _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 unprecedented _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 terrorist _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 attacks _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 9/11 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 devastating _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 natural _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 disaster _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 Hurricane _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 Katrina _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 demonstrated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 28 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 medical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 care _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 mass _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 casualties _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 during _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 such _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 disasters _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 poses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 ethical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 problems _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 41 normally _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 experienced _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 civilian _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 care _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 It _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 49 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 important _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 identify _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 unique _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 ethical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 challenges _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 facing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 60 physicians _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 who _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 62 feel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 obligation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 66 care _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 victims _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 such _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 disasters _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 73 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 develop _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 national _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 consensus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 ethical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 guidelines _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 resource _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 ethical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 decision _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 making _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 medical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 disaster _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 relief _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 STUDY _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 95 DESIGN _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 98 survey _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 pertinent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 literature _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 performed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 105 assess _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 experience _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 opinions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 condition _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 medical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 care _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 terrorist _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 attacks _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 natural _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 disasters _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 ethical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 challenges _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 disaster _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 medical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 care _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 professional _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 responsibilities _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 responsiveness _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 disasters _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 CONCLUSIONS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 140 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 It _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 142 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 necessary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 develop _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 national _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 consensus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 ethical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 guidelines _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 physicians _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 who _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 156 care _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 patients _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 victims _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 casualties _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 disasters _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 168 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 formulate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 virtuebased _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 yet _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 practical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 ethical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 approach _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 medical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 care _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 under _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 such _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 extreme _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 conditions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 An _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 187 educational _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 curriculum _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 medical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 students _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 residents _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 practicing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 physicians _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 required _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 201 best _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 prepare _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 all _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 physicians _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 who _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 206 might _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 called _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 upon _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 211 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 future _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 214 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 215 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 216 triage _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 217 patients _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 218 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 219 allocate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 220 resources _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 221 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 222 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 223 make _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 224 difficult _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 225 decisions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 226 about _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 227 treatment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 228 priorities _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 229 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 230 comfort _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 231 care _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 232 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 233 It _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 234 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 235 not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 236 appropriate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 237 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 238 address _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 239 these _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 240 questions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 241 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 242 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 243 time _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 244 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 245 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 246 disaster _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 247 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 248 but _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 249 rather _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 250 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 251 advance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 252 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 253 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 254 part _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 255 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 256 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 257 ethics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 258 education _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 259 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 260 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 261 medical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 262 profession _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 263 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 264 Important _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 265 issues _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 266 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 267 resolution _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 268 include _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 269 inpatient _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 270 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 271 casualty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 272 triage _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 273 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 274 prioritization _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 275 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 276 medical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 277 liability _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 278 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 279 altered _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 280 standards _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 281 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 282 care _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 283 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 284 justice _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 285 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 286 equity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 287 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 288 informed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 289 consent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 290 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 291 patient _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 292 autonomy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 293 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 294 expanding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 295 scope _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 296 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 297 practice _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 298 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 299 disaster _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 300 medicine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 301 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 302 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 303 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 304 moral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 305 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 306 ethical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 307 responsibilities _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 308 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 309 physicians _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 310 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 311 care _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 312 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 313 disaster _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 314 victims _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 315 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = d25529180f950874e0b4f62a976959d683a2ceaf 1 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 N _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 terminal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 domain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 coronavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 nucleocapsid _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 N _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 protein _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 adopts _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 fold _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 resembling _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 18 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 right _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 hand _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 flexible _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 positively _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 charged _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 b _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 hairpin _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 hydrophobic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 palm _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 36 domain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 shown _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 interact _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 genomic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 RNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 coronavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 infectious _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 bronchitis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 IBV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 severe _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 acute _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 syndrome _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 coronavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 SARS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 CoV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 Based _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 66 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 its _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 3D _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 structure _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 72 used _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 site _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 directed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 mutagenesis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 78 identify _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 residues _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 essential _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 81 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 RNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 binding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 activity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 IBV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 N _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 protein _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 viral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 infectivity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 Alanine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 97 substitution _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 either _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 Arg-76 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 Tyr-94 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 N _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 terminal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 domain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 IBV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 N _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 protein _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 led _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 significant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 decrease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 its _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 RNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 binding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 activity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 total _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 loss _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 infectivity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 viral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 RNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 Vero _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 cells _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 140 contrast _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 mutation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 amino _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 acid _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 Gln-74 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 alanine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 152 does _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 affect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 binding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 activity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 N _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 terminal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 domain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 showed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 166 minimal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 if _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 any _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 detrimental _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 effect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 infectivity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 IBV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 180 study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 thus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 identifies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 residues _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 critical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 185 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 RNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 binding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 nucleocapsid _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 surface _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 194 presents _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 biochemical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 genetic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 evidence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 200 directly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 links _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 RNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 binding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 capacity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 coronavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 N _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 protein _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 211 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 viral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 214 infectivity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 215 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 216 cultured _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 217 cells _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 218 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 219 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 220 information _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 221 would _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 222 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 223 useful _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 224 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 225 development _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 226 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 227 preventive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 228 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 229 treatment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 230 approaches _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 231 against _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 232 coronavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 233 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 234 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = e28346ba72cc0451ddb4afe2179ae0f070b54aed 1 Acquired _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 myasthenia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 gravis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 diagnosed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 five _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 year _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 old _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 domestic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 shorthair _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 neutered _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 female _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 cat _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 generalised _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 muscle _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 weakness _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 tremors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 dysphagia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 alterations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 voice _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 Radiographs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 34 indicated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 presence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 mass _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 anterior _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 thorax _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 46 response _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 edrophonium _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 chloride _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 raised _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 levels _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 anti _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 acetylcholine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 receptor _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 antibodies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 serum _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 confirmed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 diagnosis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 68 indicated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 immune _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 mediated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 aetiology _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 Clinical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 76 remission _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 occurred _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 following _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 79 thymectomy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 use _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 immunosuppressive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 corticosteroids _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 88 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 first _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 fully _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 documented _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 case _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 acquired _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 feline _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 myasthenia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 gravis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 associated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 101 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 presence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 thymic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 abnormality _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 109 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 United _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 Kingdom _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 114 clinical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 features _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 laboratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 findings _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 response _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 treatment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 compared _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 those _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 reported _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 128 previously _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 cats _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 species _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = e4c385d140cb5798b6fe90aabe8fefcc0dabfd99 1 Surface _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 modified _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 bioactive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 mimicking _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 organic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 nanovesicles _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 represent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 themselves _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 complex _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 biomimetic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 structures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 16 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 abilities _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 19 dissect _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 functions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 individual _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 entities _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 complex _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 biochemical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 system _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 32 customized _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 surface _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 nanovesicles _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 glyco)dendrimersomes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 structural _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 modifications _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 43 contribute _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 manifest _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 SARS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 CoV-2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 host _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 pathogenic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 molecular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 interactions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 56 help _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 evade _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 human _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 immune _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 system _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 Nanovesicles _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 67 also _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 potential _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 role _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 dynamic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 biomedical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 applications _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 such _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 77 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 designing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 galectin _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 targeting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 drugs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 evaluation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 antibodies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 87 design _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 antiviral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 therapeutics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 vaccines _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 93 targeted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 delivery _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 drugs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = e9dda9694a2e4c405b84595621b777223793d69a 1 Functional _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 protein _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 microarrays _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 emerging _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 promising _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 new _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 tool _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 large _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 scale _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 highthroughput _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 studies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 20 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 article _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 will _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 review _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 applications _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 basic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 proteomics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 research _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 where _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 34 various _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 types _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 assays _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 developed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 42 probe _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 binding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 activities _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 biomolecules _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 such _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 50 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 proteins _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 DNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 RNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 small _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 molecules _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 glycans _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 64 will _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 also _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 report _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 recent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 progress _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 70 using _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 functional _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 protein _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 microarrays _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 75 profiling _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 protein _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 posttranslational _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 modifications _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 including _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 81 phosphorylation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 ubiquitylation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 acetylation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 nitrosylation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 Finally _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 91 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 will _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 discuss _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 potential _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 functional _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 protein _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 microarrays _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 biomarker _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 identification _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 clinical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 diagnostics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 108 strongly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 believe _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 111 functional _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 protein _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 microarrays _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 will _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 soon _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 become _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 indispensible _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 invaluable _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 tool _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 proteomics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 research _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 systems _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 biology _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = eaccbbd4d93f295b6c22ae217f159c288b29deb6 1 Porcine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 reproductive _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 syndrome _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 PRRS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 one _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 most _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 economically _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 important _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 diseases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 affecting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 19 swine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 industry _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 worldwide _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 23 causes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 great _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 economic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 losses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 each _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 year _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 PRRS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 31 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 PRRSV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 replicates _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 mainly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 porcine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 alveolar _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 macrophages _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 PAMs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 dendritic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 cells _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 DCs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 51 develops _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 persistent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 infections _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 antibody _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 dependent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 enhancement _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 ADE _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 interstitial _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 pneumonia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 immunosuppression _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 But _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 69 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 molecular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 mechanisms _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 PRRSV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 still _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 poorly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 understood _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 Here _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 81 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 report _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 first _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 genome _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 wide _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 host _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 transcriptional _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 responses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 classical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 North _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 American _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 type _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 PRRSV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 N _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 PRRSV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 strain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 CH _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 1a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 using _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 108 Solexa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110-111 Illumina's _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 Illumina _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 's _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 digital _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 gene _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 expression _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 DGE _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 system _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 tagbased _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 high _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 throughput _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 transcriptome _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 sequencing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 method _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 130 analyse _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 systematically _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 relationship _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 pulmonary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 gene _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 expression _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 profiles _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 after _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 N _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 PRRSV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 pathology _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 Our _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 149 results _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 suggest _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 152 N _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 PRRSV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 appeared _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 utilize _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 multiple _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 strategies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 its _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 replication _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 spread _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 infected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 pigs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 including _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 170 subverting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 host _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 innate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 immune _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 response _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 inducing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 177 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 anti _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 apoptotic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 anti _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 inflammatory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 187 well _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 developing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 ADE _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 Upregulation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 193 expression _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 induced _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 pro _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 inflammatory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 cytokines _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 chemokines _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 adhesion _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 molecules _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 inflammatory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 enzymes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 211 inflammatory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 cells _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 214 antibodies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 215 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 216 complement _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 217 activation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 218 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 219 likely _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 220 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 221 result _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 222 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 223 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 224 development _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 225 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 226 inflammatory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 227 responses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 228 during _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 229 N _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 230 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 231 PRRSV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 232 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 233 processes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 234 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 235 N _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 236 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 237 PRRSV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 238 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 239 induced _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 240 immunosuppression _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 241 might _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 242 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 243 mediated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 244 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 245 apoptosis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 246 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 247 infected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 248 cells _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 249 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 250 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 251 caused _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 252 depletion _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 253 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 254 immune _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 255 cells _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 256 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 257 induced _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 258 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 259 anti _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 260 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 261 inflammatory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 262 cytokine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 263 response _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 264 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 265 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 266 they _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 267 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 268 unable _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 269 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 270 eradicate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 271 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 272 primary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 273 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 274 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 275 Our _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 276 systems _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 277 analysis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 278 will _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 279 benefit _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 280 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 281 better _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 282 understanding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 283 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 284 molecular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 285 pathogenesis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 286 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 287 N _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 288 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 289 PRRSV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 290 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 291 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 292 developing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 293 novel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 294 antiviral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 295 therapies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 296 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 297 identifying _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 298 genetic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 299 components _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 300 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 301 swine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 302 resistance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 303 / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 304 susceptibility _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 305 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 306 PRRS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 307 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = ec79ce88059cfd9ffc56a62863ab0b2de34c4d1d 1 Background _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 Public _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 4 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 promotion _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 rely _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 many _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 different _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 interventions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 15 range _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 education _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 communication _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 through _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 community _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 mobilisation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 changes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 environmental _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 conditions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 legal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 fiscal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 actions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 38 introduction _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 increased _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 tax _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 sugar _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 sweetened _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 beverages _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 SSB _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 popularly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 53 called _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 sugar _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 tax _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 ST _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 61 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 mandatory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 programme _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 vaccinations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 strategies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 inciting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 70 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 most _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 vivid _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 discussions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 Polish _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 society _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 79 study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 intended _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 assess _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 determinants _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 attitudes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 Polish _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 society _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 regarding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 93 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 ST _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 vaccinations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 Methods _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 100 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 For _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 102 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 analysis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 data _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 originating _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 108 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 survey _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 representative _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 adult _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 sample _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 Polish _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 society _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 120 n _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 1000 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 125 used _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 128 survey _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 based _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 computer _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 assisted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 telephone _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 interviewing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 CATI _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 142 assessment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 relationships _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 selected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 variables _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 opinions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 about _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 introduction _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 ST _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 safety _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 effectiveness _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 vaccinations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 carried _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 out _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 using _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 170 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 chi _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 test _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 univariate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 logistic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 regression _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 models _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 Results _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 181 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 183 acceptance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 ST _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 vaccination _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 showed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 significant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 relationship _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 level _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 literacy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 HL _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 but _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 eHealth _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 literacy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 eHL _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 211 Respondents _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 212 having _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 213 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 214 higher _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 215 rather _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 216 than _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 217 lower _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 218 HL _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 219 ; _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 220 older _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 221 rather _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 222 than _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 223 younger _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 224 ; _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 225 married _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 226 rather _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 227 than _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 228 singles _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 229 ; _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 230 retired _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 231 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 232 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 233 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 234 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 235 disability _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 236 pension _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 237 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 238 rather _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 239 than _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 240 vocationally _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 241 active _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 242 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 243 nonusers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 244 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 245 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 246 Internet _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 247 rather _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 248 than _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 249 users _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 250 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 251 more _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 252 likely _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 253 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 254 show _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 255 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 256 acceptance _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 257 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 258 both _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 259 interventions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 260 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 261 Those _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 262 more _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 263 frequently _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 264 using _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 265 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 266 care _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 267 services _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 268 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 269 those _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 270 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 271 chronic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 272 diseases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 273 showed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 274 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 275 greater _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 276 belief _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 277 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 278 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 279 safety _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 280 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 281 effectiveness _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 282 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 283 vaccinations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 284 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 285 Conclusions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 286 : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 287 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 288 relationship _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 289 between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 290 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 291 opinions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 292 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 293 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 294 two _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 295 public _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 296 health _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 297 interventions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 298 analysed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 299 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 300 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 301 sociodemographic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 302 variables _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 303 demonstrated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 304 similar _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 305 patterns _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 306 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 307 Interestingly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 308 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 309 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 310 opinions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 311 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 312 associated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 313 only _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 314 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 315 HL _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 316 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 317 not _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 318 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 319 eHL _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 320 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 321 users _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 322 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 323 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 324 Internet _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 325 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 326 more _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 327 sceptical _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 328 about _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 329 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 330 interventions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 331 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = ece140f2d510d370f594707b718066f7173a39e1 1 Since _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 it _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 emerged _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 Brazil _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 May _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 2015 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 11 mosquito _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 borne _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 Zika _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 ZIKV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 has _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 raised _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 global _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 concern _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 due _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 24 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 its _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 association _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 significant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 rise _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 infants _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 born _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 37 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 microcephaly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 neurological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 disorders _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 such _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 43 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 Guillain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 Barré _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 syndrome _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 49 developed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 prototype _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 subunit _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 adenoviral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 based _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 Zika _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 vaccines _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 encoding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 59 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 extracellular _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 portion _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 ZIKV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 envelope _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 gene _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 E _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 fused _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 71 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 T4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 fibritin _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 foldon _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 trimerization _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 domain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 Efl _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 83 subunit _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 vaccine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 delivered _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 intradermally _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 through _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 carboxymethyl _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 cellulose _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 microneedle _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 array _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 MNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 98 immunogenicity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 these _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 two _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 vaccines _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 named _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 105 Ad5 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 ZIKV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 Efl _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 ZIKV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 rEfl _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 116 tested _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 C57BL/6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 mice _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 Prime _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 122 / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 boost _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 immunization _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 regimen _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 associated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 induction _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 ZIKV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 specific _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 antibody _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 response _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 139 provided _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 neutralizing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 immunity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 Moreover _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 144 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 protection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 evaluated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 seven _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 day _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 old _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 pups _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 after _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 virulent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 ZIKV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 intraperitoneal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 challenge _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 Pups _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 162 born _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 163 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 mice _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 immunized _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 166 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 Ad5 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 ZIKV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 Efl _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 173 all _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 protected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 against _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 lethal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 challenge _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 without _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 180 weight _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 loss _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 neurological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 signs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 while _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 187 pups _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 born _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 189 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 dams _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 immunized _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 192 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 MNA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 ZIKV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 rEfl _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 199 partially _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 protected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 202 50 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 No _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 207 protection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 seen _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 211 pups _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 born _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 213 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 214 phosphate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 215 buffered _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 216 saline _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 217 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 218 immunized _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 219 mice _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 220 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 221 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 222 study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 223 illustrates _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 224 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 225 preliminary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 226 efficacy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 227 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 228 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 229 E _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 230 ZIKV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 231 antigen _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 232 vaccination _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 233 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 234 controlling _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 235 ZIKV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 236 infectivity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 237 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 238 providing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 239 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 240 promising _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 241 candidate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 242 vaccine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 243 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 244 antigen _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 245 format _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 246 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 247 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 248 prevention _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 249 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 250 Zika _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 251 virus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 252 disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 253 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = edfc9c542b75092b7000be09fd4496c4122c28d7 1 By _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 equipping _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 previously _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 reported _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 dynamic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 causal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 model _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 isolation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 17 modelled _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 effects _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 self _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 isolation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 consequent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 tracking _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 tracing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 Specifically _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 31 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 included _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 quarantine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 isolation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 state _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 occupied _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 40 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 people _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 who _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 43 believe _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 they _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 45 might _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 infected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 but _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 49 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 asymptomatic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 52 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 only _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 leave _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 if _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 56 they _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 test _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 negative _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 61 recovered _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 maximum _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 posteriori _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 estimates _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 model _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 parameters _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 using _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 70 time _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 series _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 new _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 cases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 daily _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 deaths _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 79 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 tests _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 UK _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 These _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 86 parameters _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 used _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 90 simulate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 trajectory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 outbreak _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 UK _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 over _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 18month _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 period _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 103 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 Several _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 105 clear _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 cut _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 conclusions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 emerged _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 these _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 simulations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 For _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 115 example _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 under _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 plausible _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 graded _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 relaxations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 social _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 distancing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 rebound _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 infections _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 within _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 weeks _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 unlikely _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 137 emergence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 later _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 second _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 wave _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 depends _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 almost _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 exclusively _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 rate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 150 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 lose _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 immunity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 inherited _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 156 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 first _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 wave _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 There _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 162 exists _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 no _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 testing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 strategy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 167 can _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 attenuate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 mortality _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 rates _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 173 than _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 deferring _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 delaying _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 178 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 second _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 wave _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 181 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 183 sufficiently _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 powerful _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 tracking _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 tracing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 policy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 190 implemented _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 at _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 time _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 writing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 10th _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 May _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 2020) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 will _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 202 defer _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 any _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 second _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 wave _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 beyond _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 time _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 horizon _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 211 18 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 months _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 214 Crucially _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 215 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 216 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 217 deferment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 218 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 219 within _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 220 current _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 221 testing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 222 capabilities _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 223 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 224 requiring _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 225 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 226 efficacy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 227 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 228 tracing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 229 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 230 tracking _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 231 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 232 about _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 233 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 234 % _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 235 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 236 asymptomatic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 237 infected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 238 cases _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 239 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 240 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 241 less _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 242 than _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 243 50,000 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 244 tests _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 245 per _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 246 day _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 247 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 248 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 249 These _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 250 conclusions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 251 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 252 based _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 253 upon _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 254 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 255 dynamic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 256 causal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 257 model _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 258 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 259 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 260 we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 261 provide _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 262 some _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 263 construct _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 264 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 265 face _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 266 validation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 267 using _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 268 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 269 comparative _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 270 analysis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 271 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 272 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 273 United _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 274 Kingdom _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 275 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 276 Germany _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 277 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 278 supplemented _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 279 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 280 recent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 281 serological _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 282 studies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 283 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = ef5ed79925e5ef75119e387b2de2680fea9b3e1f 1 Streptobacillus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 felis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 fastidious _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 microorganism _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 novel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 member _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 potentially _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 zoonotic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 bacteria _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 causing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 17 rat _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 bite _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 fever _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 Since _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 22 its _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 description _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 second _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 isolation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 S. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 felis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 diseased _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 member _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 Felidae _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 Interestingly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 42 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 strain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 study _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 isolated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 zoo _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 held _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 rusty _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 spotted _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 cat _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 60 Prionailurus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 rubiginosus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 65 pneumonia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 thereby _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 68 indicating _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 possible _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 broader _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 host _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 range _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 feline _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 species _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 79 recent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 preliminary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 sampling _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 domestic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 cats _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 86 Felis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 silvestris _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 forma _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 catus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 revealed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 92 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 93 this _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 microorganism _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 common _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 oropharynx _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 suggesting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 102 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 103 S. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 felis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 member _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 normal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 microbiota _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 Due _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 114 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 unawareness _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 fastidiousness _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 118 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 antibiotic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 sensitivity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 lack _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 diagnostics _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 126 role _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 S. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 felis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 cat _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 human _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 pathogen _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 might _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 underreported _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 Streptobacillus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 infections _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 More _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 146 studies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 necessary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 150 elucidate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 role _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 154 S. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 felis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 domestic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 cats _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 Felidae _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 163 order _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 better _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 166 estimate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 its _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 zoonotic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 potential _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = f54b1d2032db8537d80fc36e29bc6fcdfb878435 1 H1N1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 swine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 influenza _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 viruses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 SIV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 prevalent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 pigs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 globally _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 15 occasionally _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 emerge _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 humans _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 21 raises _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 concern _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 about _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 pandemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 threats _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 To _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 29 stimulate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 hemagglutination _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 HA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 Swine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 Guangdong _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 LM/2004 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 H1N1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 SW _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 GD/04 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 antibody _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 response _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 eukaryotic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 54 expression _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 plasmid _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 pCI _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 neo _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 HA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 constructed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 64 used _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 immunogen _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 69 prepare _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 monoclonal _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 antibodies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 mAbs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 Five _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 77 mAbs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 79 designed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 8C4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 8C6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 9D6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 8A4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 87 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 8B1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 against _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 92 HA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 protein _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 were _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95 obtained _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 97 characterized _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 Western _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 100 blot _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 showed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 103 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 70 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 kDa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 HA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 protein _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 could _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 detected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 all _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 mAbs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 MDCK _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 cells _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 infected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 118 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 SW _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 GD/04 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 Three _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 124 mAbs-8C4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 8C6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 9D6-have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 hemagglutination _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 inhibition _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 HI _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 neutralization _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 test _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 NT _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 activities _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 8C6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 induces _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 highest _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 148 HI _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 150 NT _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151 titers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 152 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 153 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 154 protection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 155 efficacy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 157 8C6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 158 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 159 investigated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 161 BALB _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 162 / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 163 c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 mice _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 165 challenged _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 166 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 167 homologous _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 168 or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 169 heterologous _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 170 strains _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 171 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 172 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 173 H1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 174 subtype _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 175 SIV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 176 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 177 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 178 results _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 179 indicate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 180 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 181 mAb _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 182 8C6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 183 protected _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 184 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 185 mice _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 186 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 187 viral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 infections _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 189 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 190 especially _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 191 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 192 homologous _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 193 strain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 194 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 195 which _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 196 was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 197 clearly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 198 demonstrated _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 199 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 200 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 201 body _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 202 weight _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 203 changes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 reduction _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 206 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 207 viral _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 208 load _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 209 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 210 Thus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 211 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 212 our _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 213 findings _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 214 document _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 215 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 216 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 217 first _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 218 time _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 219 that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 220 mAb _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 221 8C6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 222 might _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 223 be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 224 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 225 potential _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 226 therapeutic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 227 value _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 228 for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 229 H1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 230 subtype _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 231 SIV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 232 infection _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 233 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ # newdoc_id = f950928cf284b3633029222291dc8d26dca43124 1 Amid _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 2 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 global _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 pandemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 novel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 Coronavirus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 Disease _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 2019 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 ( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 COVID-19 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 healthcare _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 delivery _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 system _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 being _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 stretched _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 In _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 23 Japan _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 rapid _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 spread _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 epidemic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 brings _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 hospitals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 brink _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 exhaustion _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 This _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 39 commentary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 aims _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 briefly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 review _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 related _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 policies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 Japan _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 49 managing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 healthcare _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 delivery _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 system _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 Among _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 55 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 relevant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 actions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 strengthening _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 hospitalized _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 care _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 64 emphasized _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 66 save _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 lives _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 Despite _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 70 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 limitations _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 74 policies _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 show _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 76 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 success _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 79 preventing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 80 a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 collapse _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 82 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 healthcare _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 delivery _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 system _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 87 skyrocketing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 mortality _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 89 from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 happening _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 so _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 far _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 On _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 95 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96 other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 hand _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 98 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 99 huge _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 concerns _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 101 remain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 if _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 103 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 infections _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 continue _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 106 to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 rapidly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 increase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 109 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 The _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 111 experience _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 113 Japan _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 114 indicates _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 115 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 urgency _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 118 planning _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 119 of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 120 healthcare _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 121 delivery _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 system _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 123 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 124 mobilizing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 125 all _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 relevant _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 social _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 sectors _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 130 consensus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 132 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 133 guiding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134 people _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 calm _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 manner _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 based _ _ _ _ _ _ _ BeginSeg=Yes 139 on _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 best _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 shared _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 knowledge _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 144 and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 145 evidences _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _