FrancophonIA/Vikidia-EnFr huggingface dataset:
Geology is the study of the nonliving things that the Earth is made of.  Geology is the study of rocks in the Earth's crust.  People who study geology are called geologists.  Some geologists study minerals and the useful substances the rocks contain such as ores and fossil fuels.  Geologists also study the history of the Earth.

Some of the important events in the Earth's history are floods, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, orogeny (mountain building), and plate tectonics (movement of continents).

Geology is divided into special subjects that study one part of geology. Some of these subjects are:

Rocks can be very different from each other.  Some are very hard and some are soft.  Some rocks are very common, while others are rare.  However, all the different rocks belong to three categories or types, igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic.

All three kinds of rock can be changed by being heated and squeezed by forces in the earth. When this happens, faults (cracks) may appear in the rock. Geologists can learn a lot about the history of the rock by studying the patterns of the fault lines. Earthquakes are caused when a fault breaks suddenly.

Soil is the stuff on the ground made of lots of particles (or tiny pieces). The particles of soil come from rocks that have broken down, and from rotting leaves and animals bodies. Soil covers a lot of the surface of the Earth. Plants of all sorts grow in soil.

To find out more about types of rocks, see the rock (geology) article.
To find out more about soil, see the soil article.

Geologists use some simple ideas which help them to understand the rocks they are studying. The following ideas were worked out in the early days of stratigraphy by people like Nicolaus Steno, James Hutton and William Smith:

Layers of sedimentary rock

A fault cutting through older sedimentary rocks

A conglomerate: sedimentary rock made from white pieces of older rock, broken up and mixed with red sand at the bottom of a river.

The Zimbabwe Great Dyke: A big band of igneous rock cuts between sedimentary rocks. This picture was taken from a satellite.

Beaches are interesting places to study Geology,

....so are caves.

This rock-face in France contains the mineral Mica.

A simple, important tool for the Geologist

The geologist, David Johnston, on the side of Mount St. Helens.

A young Butcher Bird is standing on a box of rock cores that have been drilled from underground.

Geologists look at some samples of rock, to find minerals for mining.

A map showing the geology of South East England. This area has been studied for hundreds of years.

A map showing the different soils and rocks under the Southern Ocean. Geologists are finding new information about this area.

This map shows the main "plates" of the Earth's surface and which way they are moving.

This diagram shows the chemical movement at a deep sea vent on the ocean floor.