FrancophonIA/ELRC3.0 huggingface dataset:
English: Thus a 62 days withdrawal period for meat and offal is recommended.
Croatian: Stoga, preporuča se karencija za meso i iznutrice u trajanju od 62 dana.
English: Spirovet has been shown to be bioequivalent to Suanovil 20 and consequently the time taken for residue levels in non-injection site muscle, liver, fat, kidney and milk can be assumed to be the same as for the two products.
Croatian: Dokazano je kako je Spirovet bioekvivalent lijeku Suanovil 20, te slijedom toga može se pretpostaviti isto vrijeme potrebno za koncentracije rezidua u mišiću koji nije mjesto injekcije, jetri, masnom tkivu, bubrezima i mlijeku kao i za druga dva VMP-a.
English: When applying these concepts it has been concluded that based on PK/PD-considerations in cattle, following 2 injections at 100 000 IU/kg body weight at 48 hours interval, the spiramycin concentrations in lung, macrophages and bronchoalveolar lavage reached the respiratory pathogens with MICs up to 128 µg/ml.
Croatian: Prilikom primjene ovih koncepata, zaključeno je da na temelju FK/FD razmatranja u goveda nakon 2 injekcije u dozama od 100 000 IU/kg tjelesne težine u intervalu od 48 sati, koncentracije spiramicina u plućima, makrofagi i bronhoalveolarnom ispirku dosegnuli su respiratorne patogene s MIK-ovima do 128 µg/ml.
English: The clinical data on bovine mastitis consisted primarily of an experimental S. aureus mastitis study using a challenge strain with a spiramycin MIC of 4 µg/ml.
Croatian: Klinički podaci o goveđem mastitisu sastojali su se u prvom redu iz eksperimentalnih ispitivanja S. aureus mastitisa primjenom testiranog soja MIK spiramicina od 4 µg/ml.
English: For the second dose (after 48 h) the same practice should be followed, ensuring that a distance of at least 15 cm is maintained between all injections administered as part of the treatment.
Croatian: Za drugu dozu (nakon 48 sati) treba primijeniti istu praksu, pri čemu je potrebno osigurati razmak od najmanje 15 cm između svih injekcija koje se primjenjuju kao dio liječenja.
English: One study conducted at the recommended dose showed that the injection site muscle residues were below the maximum residue limit (200 μg/kg) at Day 52.
Croatian: Jednim ispitivanjem provedenim preporučenom dozom utvrđeno je da su vrijednosti za rezidue u mišiću u mjestu injekcije bile manje od maksimalnog ograničenja za rezidue (200 μg/kg) u 52. danu.
English: Meat and offal: 62 days.
Croatian: Meso i iznutrice: 62 dana.
English: Meat and offal: 68 days.
Croatian: Meso i iznutrice: 68 dana.
English: Spiramycin is able to reach so high tissue concentrations that it succeeds in penetrating into the cells to bind the 50S ribosomal subunits.
Croatian: Spiramicin može dosegnuti tako visoke koncentracije u tkivu da uspijeva ući u stanice za vezivanje ribosomalne podjedinice 50S.
English: La Ballastiere Libourne
Croatian: La Ballastiere
English: One study was conducted at the recommended dose of 100 000 IU/kg body weight twice at 48 hours of interval, which showed that the injection site muscle residues were still above the maximum residue limit for muscle (200 μg/kg) at Day 49 post-treatment.
Croatian: Provedeno je jedno ispitivanje s preporučenom dozom od 100 000 IU/kg tjelesne težine dva puta u intervalima od 48 sati, koje je potvrdilo da su rezidui u mišiću u mjestu injekcije još uvijek bili veći od maksimalnog ograničenja rezidua za mišić (200 μg/kg) u 49. danu nakon liječenja.
English: 4.2 Indications for use, specifying the target species Treatment of respiratory infections caused by Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica.
Croatian: 4.2 Indikacije za uporabu, koje specificiraju ciljne vrste Liječenje infekcije dišnih putova uzrokovane Pasteurella multocida i Mannheimia haemolytica.
English: Origin Number of strains
Croatian: Porijeklo Broj sojeva
English: Official, national and regional antimicrobial policies should be taken into account when the product is used.
Croatian: Službena, nacionalna i regionalna pravila trebaju se uzeti u obzor prilikom primjene VMP-a.
English: Milk: In case of treatment at the dose required for respiratory diseases the product is not authorised for use in animals producing milk for human consumption.
Croatian: Mlijeko:U slučaju liječenja u dozi koja je potrebna za respiratorne bolesti, VMP nije odobren za uporabu u životinja koje proizvode mlijeko za ljudsku uporabu.
English: As no residue depletion study was provided following administration of 100 000 IU/kg intramuscularly twice with 48 hours of interval, no withdrawal period for milk is recommended for this dosage regimen.
Croatian: Budući da nije dostavljeno ispitivanje razgradnje rezidua nakon primjene 100 000 IU/kg intramuskularno u intervalu od 48 sati, nema preporuke za razdoblje karencije za mlijeko s ovim režimom doziranja.
English: In sows has been authoresed for the treatment of mastitis at 75 000 IU/kg once or twice in 24 hour interval.
Croatian: U krmača je odobren za liječenje mastitisa u dozi od 75 000 IU/kg jednom ili dva puta u intervalima od 24 sata.
English: The pharmacokinetic characteristics derived from this study demonstrate that in plasma relatively low spiramycin levels (Cmax: 1.44 IU/ml corresponding to 0.45 µg/ml) were reached with the treatment regime, whereas considerably higher spiramycin levels were reached in milk (50-fold of the plasma levels).
Croatian: Farmakokionetička svojstva izvedena iz ovog ispitivanja pokazuju da su ovim režimom terapije u plazmi postignute relativno male koncentracije spiramicina (Cmax: 1,44 IU/ml u odnosu na 0,45 µg/ml), dok su značajno veće koncentracije spiramicina postignute u mlijeku (50-struke u odnosu na koncentracije u plazmi).
English: The pharmacokinetic characteristics derived from specific studies demonstrated that in plasma relatively low spiramycin levels (Cmax: 6-10 IU/ml corresponding to 2-3 µg/ml) were reached with the treatment regime, whereas considerably higher spiramycin levels were reached in bronchoalveolar lavage (4-5-fold of the plasma levels) and in lung tissue (100-fold of the plasma levels).
Croatian: Farmakokinetičke značajke izvedene iz specifičnih ispitivanja pokazale su da su s režimom liječenja u plazmi postignute relativno niske koncentracije spiramicina (Cmax: 6-10 IU/ml što odgovara 2-3 µg/ml), dok su značajno veće koncentracije spiramicina postignute u bronhoalveolarnom ispirku (4-5 struke u odnosu na koncentracije u plazmi) i u tkivu pluća (100-struke u odnosu na koncentracije u plazmi).
English: Merial Portuguesa - Saúde Animal, LDA Av. Maria Lamas, lote 19 - BL.
Croatian: Av. Maria Lamas, lote 19 - BL.
English: The pharmacokinetic properties of spiramycin at the dose of 30 000 IU/kg body weight have been examined in one study.
Croatian: Farmakokinetička svojstva spiramicina u dozi od 30 000 IU/kg tjelesne težine ispitana su u jednom ispitivanju.
English: In addition, clinical efficacy data have been presented to support the aforementioned indication.
Croatian: Nadalje, u prilog prethodnoj indikaciji dostavljeni su podaci o kliničkoj djelotvornosti.
English: Spiramycin is a macrolide antibiotic exerting bacteriostatic action against Mycoplasma, Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria which cause infections in cattle and pigs.
Croatian: Spiramycin je makrolidni antibiotik s bakteriostatskim djelovanjem protiv bakterije Mycoplasma, gram negativnih i gram pozitivnih bakterija koje uzrokuju infekcije u goveda i svinja.
English: By using the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic data mentioned above, a detailed PK/PDassessment was performed, which was based on two parameters: the T>MIC, which is recommended for time-dependent antibiotics like the macrolides, and the AUC/MIC, which is recommended for specific macrolides like azithromycin.
Croatian: Primjenom prethodno navedenih farmakodinamičkih i farmakokinetičkih podataka, provedena je detaljna FK/FD ocjena, koja se temeljila na dva parametra: T>MIK, što se preporuča za antibiotike čije je djelovanje ovisno o vremenu, poput makrolida, i AUC/MIK, što se preporuča za specifične makrolide poput azitromicina.
English: Spiramycin is eliminated primarily by biliary excretion.
Croatian: Spiramicin se eliminira prvenstveno lučenjem bubrezima.
English: Treatment of acute clinical mastitis in lactating cows caused by Staphylococcus aureus strains sensitive to spiramycin.
Croatian: Liječenje akutnog kliničkog mastitisa u krava u laktaciji uzrokovanog sojevima Staphylococcus aureus osjetljivima na spiramicin.
English: It should be noted that the generic product, Spirovet, has been authorised in several Member States for a restricted list of indications, only i.e. in adult cattle for the treatment of respiratory diseases, mastitis, metritis and interdigital necrobacillosis at a dose of 30 000 IU/kg once or twice in 24 hour interval.
Croatian: Shodno je za napomenuti, da je generički proizvod, Spirovet, odobren u nekoliko država članica za ograničeni popis indikacija, samo primjerice u odraslih goveda za liječenje respiratornih bolesti, mastitisa, metritisa i interdigitalne nekrobaciloze u dozi od 30 000 IU/kg jednom ili dva puta u intervalu od 24 sata.
English: For the treatment of bovine respiratory diseases several appropriate clinical studies from 1988 and 1989 using the dose regime of 100 000 IU/kg body weight once or twice in 48 hours interval, have been presented.
Croatian: Za liječenje bolesti dišnih putova u goveda dostavljeno je nekoliko odgovarajućih kliničkih ispitivanja iz 1988. i 1989., u kojima je korištena doza od 100 000 IU/kg tjelesne težine jednom ili dva puta u intervalima od 48 sati.
English: The veterinary medicinal product Suanovil 20 and its associated names has been authorised by several Member States for use in cattle for the treatment and prevention of respiratory infections and gastrointestinal infections, mastitis, metritis, omphalitis and omphalophlebitis, arthritis and interdigital abscesses at a dose of 30 000 IU/kg body weight once or twice in 24 hour interval for adult cattle and at 75 000 IU/kg body weight once or twice in 24 hour interval for calves.
Croatian: Veterinarski-medicinski proizvod Suanovil 20 i njegovi povezani nazivi odobreni su u nekoliko država članica za uporabu u goveda za liječenje i prevenciju infekcija dišnih putova i infekcija gastrointestinalnog trakta, mastitisa, metritisa, omfalitisa i omfaloflebitisa, artritisa i interdigitalnih apcesa u dozi od 30 000 IU/kg tjelesne težine jednom ili dva puta u intervalu od 24 sata za odrasla goveda te 75 000 IU/kg tjelesne težine jednom ili dva puta u intervalu od 24 sata za telad.
English: In pigs, the products has been authoresed for the treatment of respiratory infections, pig house cough, atrophic rhinitis, infections caused by Streptococcus spp., erysipelas, arthritis, treatment and prevention of mastitis, prevention of neonatal infections in piglets and infectious gastro-enteritis at 75 000 IU/kg body weight once or twice in 24 hour interval.
Croatian: U svinja VMP je odobren za liječenje infekcija dišnih putova, kašlja u prasadi, atrofičnog rinitisa, infekcija uzrokovanih Streptococcus spp., erizipela, artritisa, liječenje i prevenciju mastitisa, prevenciju neonatalnih infekcija u prasadi i infektivnog gastro-enteritisa u dozi od 75 000 IU/kg tjelesne težine jednom ili dva puta u intervalu od 24 sata.
English: By using the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic data mentioned abobe, a detailed PK/PD assessment was performed, which was based on two parameters: the T>MIC (time during which the concentration exceeds the MIC), which is recommended for time-dependent antibiotics like the macrolides, and the AUC/MIC (area under the curve to MIC), which is recommended for specific macrolides like azithromycin.
Croatian: Primjenom prethodno navedenih farmakodinamičkih i farmakokinetičkih podataka, provedena je FK/FD ocjena, koja se temeljila na dva parametra: T>MIK (vrijeme tijekom kojeg je koncentracija premašila MIK), što se preporuča za antibiotike čije je djelovanje ovisno o vremenu, poput makrolida, i AUC/MIK (područje ispod krivulje za MIK), što se preporuča za specifične makrolide poput azitromicina.
English: The indication was substantiated by in vitro susceptibility data for Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica and by pharmacokinetic data of spiramycin in the target species, on the basis of which a detailed pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) assessment has been performed.
Croatian: Indikacija je potvrđena podacima o in vitro osjetljivosti bakterija Pasteurella multocida i Mannheimia haemolytica te farmakokinetičkim podacima za spiramicin u ciljnih vrsta, na temelju kojih je provedena detaljna farmakokinetička/farmakodinamička (FK/FD) ocjena.
English: Therefore Suanovil 20 should not be used for treatment of respiratory infections in animals producing milk for human consumption.
Croatian: Stoga se Suanovil 20 ne smije koristiti za liječenje respiratornih infekcija u životinja koje proizvode mlijeko za uporabu u prehrani ljudi.
English: de la Ballastiere, BP 126 33500 Libourne Cedex FRANCE
Croatian: Ceva Sante Animale Z.I. de la Ballastiere, BP 126 33500 Libourne Cedex FRANCUSKA
English: The maximal volume to be injected is 20 ml per injection site as this was the maximal volume administered at the residue depletion study.
Croatian: Maksimalan volumen za ubrizgavanje je 20 ml po mjestu injekcije budući da je ovo bio maksimalan volumen primijenjen tijekom ispitivanja razgradnje rezidua.
English: Scientific conclusions and grounds for amendment of the summaries of product characteristics, labelling and package leaflets
Croatian: Znanstveni zaključci i razlozi za dopunu sažetaka opisa svojstava VMP-a, etiketa i uputa o VMP-u
English: Delete, target species pigs and any information related to these species from the product information.
Croatian: Brisati iz informacija o VMP-u ciljne vrste svinje i sve informacije povezane s ovim vrstama.
English: The maximal volume to be injected is 15 ml per injection site as this was the maximal volume administered at the residue depletion study.
Croatian: Maksimalan volumen predviđen za ubrizgavanje iznosi 15 ml po mjestu injekcije budući da je ovo bio maksimalan volumen primijenjen u ispitivanju razgradnje rezidua.
English: Captalin solution for injection has been authorised by severeal Member States for use in cattle for the treatment of respiratory diseases at a dose of 100 000 IU/kg body weight twice at 48 hour interval and for the metaphylaxis of respiratrory diseases at a single dose of 100 000 IU/kg body weight.
Croatian: Captalin otopina za injekciju odobrena je u nekoliko država članica za primjenu u goveda za potrebe liječenja respiratornih bolesti u dozi od 100 000 IU/kg tjelesne težine u intervalima od 48 sati kao i za metafilaksu respiratornih bolesti u jednoj dozi od 100 000 IU/kg tjelesne težine.
English: Overall, the benefit-risk balance of all concerned products is considered positive provided their use will be limited to the treatment of bovine respiratory infections caused by susceptible strains of Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica at a dose of 100 000 IU/kg administered intramuscularly twice at 48 hours of interval.
Croatian: Općenito gledano, omjer koristi i rizika svih predmetnih VMP-ova smatra se pozitivnim, ukoliko se njihova primjena ograniči na liječenje infekcija dišnih putova u goveda uzrokovanih osjetljivim sojevima bakterija Pasteurella multocida i Mannheimia haemolytica u dozi od 100 000 IU/kg primijenjenoj intramuskularno dva puta u intervalu od 48 sati.
English: Not authorised for use in animals producing milk for human consumption.
Croatian: VMP nije odobren za uporabu u životinja koje proizvode mlijeko za ljudsku uporabu.
English: Treatment of respiratory infections caused by Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica at a dose regime of 100 000 IU/kg body weight twice at 48 hours of interval.
Croatian: Liječenje infekcija dišnih putova uzrokovanih bakterijama Pasteurella multocida i Mannheimia haemolytica u režimu doze od 100 000 IU/kg tjelesne težine dva puta u intervalu od 48 sati.
English: Benefit-risk assessment
Croatian: Omjer koristi i rizika
English: No sufficient data or no data at all are available for all other indications and dosage regimens in cattle (i.e. metritis, enteric infections, omphalitis, omphalophlebitis, arthritis, interdigital abscesses) and all indications in pigs.
Croatian: Za sve druge indikacije i režime doziranja u goveda (primjerice metritis, enterične infekcije, omfalitis, omfaloplebitis, artritis, interdigitalni apcesi) i za sve indikacije u svinja nema dostatno podataka ili nema dostupnih podataka.
English: • the CVMP considered that the overall benefit-risk balance is positive for the veterinary medicinal products (see annex I), subject to amendments in the product information; the CVMP recommended variations of the marketing authorisations for Suanovil 20 and associated names, Captalin and associated names, and generic products thereof, in order to amend the summaries of product characteristics, labelling and package leaflets as set out in Annex III.
Croatian: CVMP je preporučio izmjene odobrenja za stavljanje VMP-a u promet za Suanovil 20 i povezane nazive, Captalin i povezane nazive, kao i generičke VMP-ove istih, kako bi se dopunili sažetci opisa svojstava za VMP-ove, etikete i upute uporabu navedeni u Dodatku III.
English: Spiramycin is an antimicrobial exerting bacteriostatic action against Mycoplasma, Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.
Croatian: Spiramicin ima antimikrobijsko primjenjivo bakteriostatičko djelovanje protiv Mycoplasma, gram negativnih i gram pozitivnih bakterija.
English: The benefit-risk balance of Suanovil 20 and Spirovet is considered positive provided that their use in the treatment of mastitis will be limited to treatment of acute bovine S. aureus-mastitis caused by susceptible strains at a dose of 30 000 IU/kg administered intramuscularly twice at 24 hours of interval.
Croatian: Zaključeno je kako je omjer koristi i rizika VMP-ova Suanovil 20 i Spirovet pozitivan ukoliko se njihova primjena za liječenje mastitisa ograniči na liječenje akutnog goveđeg mastitisa S. aureus uzrokovanog osjetljivim sojevima u dozi od 30 000 IU/kg primijenjenoj intramuskularno dva puta u intervalu od 24 sata.
English: Treatment of respiratory infections caused by Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica.
Croatian: Liječenje infekcije dišnih putova uzrokovane Pasteurella multocida i Mannheimia haemolytica.
English: The recommended dose for acute clinical mastitis in lactating cows caused by Staphylococcus aureus strains susceptible to spiramycin is 30 000 IU/kg body weight, intramuscularly twice at 24 hours of interval.
Croatian: Preporučena doza za akutni klinički mastitis u krava u laktaciji uzrokovanog sojevima Staphylococcus aureus osjetljivima na spiramicin iznosi 30 000 IU/kg tjelesne težine, intramuskularno dva puta u intervalima od 24 sata.
English: Therefore Spirovet should not be used for treatment of respiratory infections in animals producing milk for human consumption.
Croatian: Stoga se Spirovet ne smije koristiti za liječenje respiratornih infekcija u životinja koje proizvode mlijeko za uporabu u prehrani ljudi.
English: No residue depletion data in milk was provided following the admistration of Spirovet at the dose of 30 000 IU/per kg body weight, intramuscularly twice at 24 hours of interval.
Croatian: Nisu dostavljeni podaci o razgradnji rezidua za mlijeko nakon primjene VMP-a Spirovet u dozi od 30 000 IU/po kg tjelesne težine, intramuskularno dva puta u intervalima od 24 sata.
English: No residue depletion study in milk was provided, hence no withdrawal period for milk is recommended.
Croatian: Budući da nije dostavljeno ispitivanje razgradnje rezidua, nema preporuke za razdoblje karencije za mlijeko s ovim režimom doziranja.
English: This withdrawal period is valid for Suanovil 20 administered at the dose of 30 000 IU/per kg body weight, intramuscularly twice at 24 hours of interval.
Croatian: Ovo razdoblje karencije primjenjivo je za Suanovil 20 koji se primjenjuje u dozi od 30 000 IU/po kg tjelesne težine, intramuskularno u intervalima od 24 sata.
English: The indication was substantiated by in vitro susceptibility data for Staphylococcus aureus strains and by PK data of spiramycin in the target species, on the basis of which a detailed PK/PD assessment has been performed.
Croatian: Indikacija je potvrđena podacima o in vitro osjetljivosti sojeva Staphylococcus aureus te farmakokinetičkim podacima za spiramicin u ciljnih vrsta, na temelju kojih je provedena detaljna farmakokinetička/farmakodinamička (FK/FD) ocjena.
English: Treatment of acute clinical mastitis in lactating cows caused by Staphylococcus aureus strains sensitive to spiramycin at a dose regime of 30 000 IU/kg body weight twice at 24 hours of interval.
Croatian: Liječenje akutnog kliničkog mastitisa u krava u laktaciji uzrokovanog sojevima Staphylococcus aureus osjetljivima na spiramicin u režimu doze od 30 000 IU/kg tjelesne težine dva puta u intervalima od 24 sata.
English: This withdrawal period is valid after administration of 100 000 IU/kg body weight twice at 48 hours of interval.
Croatian: Ova karencija je valjana nakon primjene 100 000 IU/kg tjelesne težine dva puta u intervalima od 48 sati.
English: Mastitis: 30 000 IU of spiramycin per kg body weight (i.e. 5 ml of product per 100 kg body weight) twice at 24 h of interval.
Croatian: Mastitis: 30 000 IU spiramicin po kg tjelesne težine (odnosno 5 ml proizvoda po 100 kg tjelesne težine) dva puta u intervalu od 24 sata.
English: Grounds for amendment of the summaries of product characteristics, labelling and package leaflets
Croatian: Razlozi za izmjenu sažetka opisa svojstava VMP-a, etiketa i uputa za uporabu
English: Although results from different laboratories can be compared only with reservation because of the different methods used, Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) of spiramycin for the relevant respiratory tract pathogens such as Pasteurella and Mannheimia spp.
Croatian: Iako se rezultati iz različitih laboratorija mogu usporediti samo uz određenu dozu rezervacija budući da su primijenjene različite metode, minimalne inhibitorske koncentracije (MIK) spiramicina za relevantne patogene dišnih putova poput Pasteurella i Mannheimia spp. načelno su distribuirane u mono-modalnom uzorku s desne strane distribucijske krivulje MIK-a pri čemu su vrijednosti za MIC90 iznosile otprilike 64 µg/ml za goveđe izolate, što nagovješćuje ograničenu in vitro osjetljivost ovih bakterija na spiramicin.
English: Residue depletion studies performed at the dose of 100 000 IU/kg body weight, intramuscularly at 48 hours interval, were available in adult cattle.
Croatian: Dostupna su bila ispitivanja razgradnje rezidua provedena s dozama od 100 000 IU/kg tjelesne težine, intramuskularno u intervalima od 48 sati u odraslih goveda.
English: Amendments in the relevant sections of the summaries of product characteristics, labelling and package leaflets
Croatian: Dopune relevantnih dijelova sažetaka opisa svojstava, etiketa i uputa o lijeku
English: 100 000 IU of spiramycin per kg body weight (i.e. 1 ml of product per 10 kg body weight) twice at 48 h of interval.
Croatian: 100 000 IU spiramicina po kg tjelesne težine (odnosno 1 ml VMP-a po 10 kg tjelesne težine) dva puta na dan u intervalima od 48 sata.
English: Respiratory infections: 100 000 IU of spiramycin per kg body weight (i.e. 5 ml of product per 30 kg body weight) twice at 48 h of interval.
Croatian: Infekcije dišnih putova: 100 000 IU spiramicina po kg tjelesne težine (odnosno 5 ml proizvoda po 30 kg tjelesne težine) dva puta u intervalu od 48 sati.
English: INN Strength
Croatian: Jačina
English: This withdrawal period is valid for Spirovet administered at the dose of 30 000 IU/per kg body weight, intramuscularly twice at 24 hours of interval.
Croatian: Razdoblje karencije valjano je za Spirovet primijenjen u dozi od 30 000 IU/po kg tjelesne težine, intramuskularno dva puta u intervalima od 24 sata.
English: The recommended dose for respiratory infections in cattle is 100 000 IU/kg body weight, intramuscularly twice at 48 hours of interval.
Croatian: Preporučena doza u slučaju infekcija dišnih putova u goveda iznosi 100 000 IU/kg tjelesne težine, intramuskularno dva puta u intervalu od 48 sati.