FrancophonIA/ELRC3.0 huggingface dataset:
English: The CHMP concluded that the risk of NSF is different for the different gadolinium-containing contrast agents, which lead to the categorisation of GdCAs into three risk groups for NSF (high risk, medium risk and low risk).
Danish: CHMP konkluderede, at risikoen for NSF er forskellig for de forskellige gadolinium-holdige kontrastmidler, hvilket fører til kategorisering af GdCA'er i tre risikogrupper for NSF (høj risiko, middel risiko og lav risiko).
English: With regards to the use of Multihance in the paediatric population, it was noted that, while hepatocellular carcinoma as well as metastatic lesions are frequent in the adult population, liver diseases in children are rather diffuse than focal and tumours are rare.
Danish: Med hensyn til brugen af MultiHance i den pædiatriske population blev det bemærket, at mens hepatocellulært carcinom samt metastatiske læsioner er hyppige i den voksne population, er leversygdomme hos børn mere diffuse end fokuserede, og tumorer er sjældne.
English: Furthermore, recent publications have shown that gadolinium also accumulates in the brain.
Danish: Desuden har de nylige publikationer vist, at gadolinium også akkumuleres i hjernen.
English: The increased potential to release gadolinium in the brain would be expected with the linear agents, which have a lower kinetic and thermodynamic stability and are thus more prone to release gadolinium in the tissue environment.
Danish: Det øgede potentiale til frigivelse af gadolinium i hjernen ville være forventelig med de lineære midler, som har en lavere kinetisk og termodynamisk stabilitet og dermed er mere tilbøjelige til at frigive gadolinium i vævsmiljøet.
English: The PRAC also noted that high GdCAs doses were tested (20x2.5 mmol) by McDonald et al., and the study duration is comparably short (e.g. the total doses tested in Frenzel et al 2017 was half that of McDonald et al (10x2.5mmol), while the time period to the last tissue sampling in Frenzel et al 2017 was 24 days instead of 7 days in McDonald 2017.)
Danish: PRAC bemærkede også, at der blev testes høje doser af GdCA'er (20x2,5 mmol) af McDonald et al., og undersøgelsens varighed er forholdsvis kort (f.eks. var de totale doser, der blev testet i Frenzel et al. 2017, halvdelen af McDonald et al. (10x2,5mmol), mens tidsperioden for den sidste vævsprøveudtagning i Frenzel et al. 2017 var 24 dage i stedet for 7 dage i McDonald 2017.)
English: The PRAC also noted that in contrast, for NSF a specific patient group (renal insufficiency and patients in the perioperative liver transplantation period) could be identified, and avoidance of use in these populations appears to have minimised the risk of NSF.
Danish: PRAC bemærkede også, at det tværtimod ikke var muligt at identificere en specifik patientgruppe for NSF (nyreinsufficiens og patienter i den perioperative levertransplantationsperiode), ligesom undgåelse af brug i disse populationer synes at have minimeret risikoen for NSF.
English: Further studies have tried to characterise and quantify the amount of deposition of gadolinium in the brain.
Danish: Yderligere undersøgelser har forsøgt at karakterisere og kvantificere mængden af aflejret gadolinium i hjernen.
English: The major route of excretion for GdCAs is renal, and prolonged elimination time due to severely impaired renal function could theoretically increase the potential for accumulation in brain tissue.
Danish: Den væsentligste udskillelsesvej for GdCA'er er renal, og langvarig elimineringstid på grund af alvorligt nedsat nyrefunktion kan teoretisk øge potentialet for akkumulering i hjernevæv.
English: A rat study also confirmed the finding that dose-dependent level of Gd in the brain for linear agents was likely to be related to cumulative dose rather than a single large or repeat small dose regimens.
Danish: Et rotteforsøg bekræftede ligeledes, at et dosisafhængigt niveau af Gd i hjernen for lineære midler sandsynligvis var relateret til kumulativ dosering snarere end en enkelt stor eller gentagne små doseringssystemer.
English: • PRAC considered options for risk minimisation measures.
Danish: • PRAC overvejede muligheder for risikominimeringsforanstaltninger.
English: However linear agents are retained and persist for up to one year or longer.
Danish: Men lineære midler bevares og persisterer i op til et år eller længere.
English: Renal impairment is also known to increase the long term retention of Gd in rats in line with the propensity of GdCAs to release Gd in vivo.
Danish: Nedsat nyrefunktion er også kendt for at øge langtidsretentionen af Gd hos rotter i overensstemmelse med GdCA'ers evne til at frigive Gd in vivo.
English: Perfusion imaging in MRI is typically performed both at rest and during pharmacological stress (for example, with adenosine or dipyridamole), and utilizes a dynamic imaging technique in which signal intensity in the myocardium is evaluated during the passage of the contrast bolus.
Danish: Perfusionsbilleddannelse i MRI udføres typisk både i hvile og under farmakologisk stress (for eksempel med adenosin eller dipyridamol) og anvender en dynamisk billeddannelsesteknik, hvor signalintensitet i myocardium evalueres under passagen af kontrastmidlet bolus.
English: In view of the very low potential for retention of gadolinium in tissues, their stability and low risk of dechelation, PRAC maintained its recommendation that the benefits of macrocyclic agents outweigh their risks.
Danish: I betragtning af det meget lave potentiale for retention af gadolinium i væv, deres stabilitet og lave risiko for dechelatering, fastholdt PRAC sin anbefaling om, at fordelene ved makrocykliske agenter opvejer risiciene.
English: The PRAC concluded that based on the available data Multihance can continue to be used in paediatric patients for delayed phase liver imaging.
Danish: PRAC konkluderede da, at på grundlag af de foreliggende data kan MultiHance fortsat anvendes i pædiatriske patienter til forsinket fasebilleddannelse af leveren.
English: Macrocyclic GdCAs have a very low potential for retention of gadolinium in tissues, are very stable and have a low risk of dechelation.
Danish: Makrocykliske GdCA'er har et meget lavt potentiale for retention af gadolinium i væv, er meget stabile og har en lav risiko for dechelatering.
English: In addition, low concentrations of linear gadolinium agents as well as macrocyclic agents were detected in non-clinical and clinical studies via mass spectrometry.
Danish: Derudover er lave koncentrationer af lineære gadoliniummidler såvel som makrocykliske midler blevet påvist i ikkekliniske og kliniske undersøgelser via massespektrometri.
English: Repeat toxicity studies for gadodiamide showed that the absolute low levels of gadolinium in the brain were observed at 1 week post-dosing.
Danish: Gentagne toksicitetsundersøgelser for gadodiamid har vist, at de absolutte, lave niveauer af gadolinium i hjernen blev observeret 1 uge efter dosering.
English: PRAC also maintained its conclusions that benefits of the intra-articular presentation of the linear GdCA Magnevist outweigh their risks (subject to changes to the product information) as they are administered at very low doses and present a low risk of tissue accumulation.
Danish: PRAC fastholdt også sine konklusioner om, at fordelene ved den intra-artikulære præsentation af det lineære GdCA, Magnevist, opvejer risiciene (med forbehold af ændringer i produktinformationen), da de indgives i meget lave doser og med lav risiko for vævsakkumulering.
English: The brain soluble fractions from animals receiving linear agents contained a proportion of macromolecules; gadolinium-bound macromolecules were not detected in the brain of animals that received macrocyclic agents.
Danish: De hjerneopløselige fraktioner fra dyr, der modtog lineære midler, indeholdt en andel af makromolekyler; gadolinium-bundne makromolekyler blev ikke påvist i hjernen hos dyr, der havde modtaget makrocykliske midler.
English: • Gadolinium has been measured in the brain, both indirectly by studies showing signal intensity increases, and directly by studies measuring gadolinium concentrations with mass spectrometry, including methods that allow localisation in the brain (LA-ICP-MS) and separation of Gd species (GPC-MS).
Danish: • Gadolinium er blevet målt i hjernen, både indirekte gennem undersøgelser der viser stigende signal-intensitet, og direkte gennem undersøgelser, der måler gadoliniumkoncentrationer med massespektrometri, herunder metoder der tillader lokalisering i hjernen (LA-ICP-MS) og separation af Gd-arter (GPC -MS).
English: In a previous referral under Article 31 of Directive 20010/83/EC finalised in 2010, the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) concluded that the use of GdCAs was associated with the risk of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF), a serious and life-threatening syndrome involving fibrosis of the skin, joints and internal organs in patients with renal impairment.
Danish: I en tidligere indbringelse i henhold til artikel 31 i direktiv 2001/83/EF, som blev afsluttet i 2010, konkluderede Udvalget for Lægemidler til Mennesker (CHMP), at brugen af GdCA'er var forbundet med risikoen for nefrogen systemisk fibrose (NSF), et alvorligt og livstruende syndrom, der involverer fibrose af huden, leddene og de indre organer hos patienter med nedsat nyrefunktion.
English: They are administered at low concentrations, approximately 200-fold lower than the intravenous use GdCA products, and the potential for patients to receive large numbers of repeated exposures is less for the MR arthrography indication than for the indications for the intravenous product.
Danish: De indgives i lave koncentrationer, ca. 200 gange lavere end den intravenøse brug GdCAlægemidler, og potentialet for patienter for modtagelse af store antal gentagne eksponeringer er mindre for MR-artrografi-indikationen end for indikationerne for det intravenøse lægemiddel.
English: • the delayed phase that relies on selective uptake of a GdCA by functioning hepatocytes, which results in enhancement and visualisation of the normal hepatic parenchyma while improving the delineation and detection of lesions such as cysts and hepatocellular carcinomas.
Danish: • den forsinkede fase, der beror på selektiv optagelse af en GdCA ved fungerende hepatocytter, hvilket resulterer i forbedring og visualisering af den normale hepatiske parenkym og samtidig forbedring af afbildningen og påvisningen af læsioner, såsom cyster og hepatocellulære carcinomer.
English: With regards to the claim that virtually no Gd becomes liberated from gadodiamide in the body, PRAC noted that at 37°C in human serum Gd rapidly dissociates from its chelator in vitro (Frenzel et al. 2008).
Danish: Med hensyn til påstanden om, at der stort set ikke frigives Gd fra gadodiamid i kroppen, bemærkede PRAC, at ved 37°C i humant serum dissocieres Gd hurtigt fra dets chelatdanner in vitro (Frenzel et al. 2008).
English: The available data in humans support a conclusion that while impaired renal function is not a necessary precondition for signal hyperintensity increases in the brain, impaired renal function does increase the extent of brain accumulation and signal hyperintensity.
Danish: De foreliggende data fra mennesker understøtter en konklusion om, at mens nedsat nyrefunktion ikke er en nødvendig forudsætning for stigende signal-hyperintensitet i hjernen, så reducerer nedsat nyrefunktion omfanget af hjerneakkumulering og signal-hyperintensitet.
English: The experts also stated that it is plausible that adverse clinical consequences could be associated with gadolinium retention in the brain.
Danish: Eksperterne udtalte også, at det er sandsynligt, at der kan være negative kliniske konsekvenser forbundet med gadolinium-retention i hjernen.
English: Elimination of GdCAs is therefore reduced in patient with renal dysfunction.
Danish: Elimineringen af GdCA'er derfor nedsat hos patienter med nedsat nyrefunktion.
English: Gadolinium containing contrast agents (GdCAs) are complexes of paramagnetic gadolinium (III) with different types of organic chelators.
Danish: Kontrastmidler (GdCA'er), som indeholder gadolinium, er komplekser af paramagnetisk gadolinium (III) med forskellige typer organisk chelatdannere.
English: The MAHs provided several proposals for risk minimization measures with regards the accumulation and retention of GdCA in the brain of patients exposed to these agents during diagnostic procedures:
Danish: Indehaverne af markedsføringstilladelse fremlagde flere forslag til risikominimeringsforanstaltninger med hensyn til akkumulering og retention af GDCA i hjernen hos patienter, der eksponeres for disse midler under diagnostiske procedurer:
English: It is reasonable to suppose that gadolinium can de-chelate from linear GdCAs and bind to macromolecules in human brains similarly as what is observed in rodent brains.
Danish: Det er rimeligt at antage, at gadolinium kan dechelatere fra lineære GdCA'er og binde sig til makromolekyler i den menneskelige hjerne på samme måde, som det er blevet observeret i gnaverhjerner.
English: • In addition to NSF, there is also evidence that other harmful outcomes are associated with exposure to linear GdCAs, in particular gadolinium-associated skin plaques.
Danish: • Foruden NSF er der også evidens for, at andre skadelige resultater er forbundet med eksponering for lineære GdCA'er, især gadolinium-associerede hudplaques.
English: • The restriction of the use of linear GdCAs will still leave patients in the remaining population exposed to the risk of harm, without knowing safe threshold level for retention in the brain and other tissues of the body to dechelated gadolinium.
Danish: • Den begrænsede brug af lineære GdCA'er vil stadig efterlade patienter i den resterende population eksponeret for risikoen for skade, uden at kende den sikre tærskelværdi for retention i hjernen og andet kropsvæv til dechelateret gadolinium.
English: An in vitro study in rat neurons reported gadolinium-induced cytotoxicity via oxidative injury.
Danish: En in vitro-undersøgelse i rotteneuroner rapporterede om gadolinium-induceret cytotoksicitet via oxidativ skade.
English: One group of experts (including the patient representative) supported the PRAC recommendation (i.e. suspension of linear agents besides Primovist and intraarticular Magnevist) and its rationale, with the exception of the suspension of Multihance for liver imaging in absence of macrocyclic agents for this indication and lack of availability of Primovist in one Member State.
Danish: En gruppe af eksperter (herunder patientrepræsentanten) støttede PRAC's anbefaling (dvs. suspendering af lineære midler ud over Primovist® og intra-artikulær Magnevist) og dens rationale, med undtagelse af suspenderingen af MultiHance til billeddannelse af leveren i fravær af makrocykliske midler for denne indikation og manglende tilgængelighed af Primovist® i en medlemsstat.
English: Gadobenic acid undergoes hepatic uptake.
Danish: Gadobensyre gennemgår hepatisk optagelse.
English: PRAC conclusions on grounds for re-examination
Danish: PRAC's konklusioner for begrundelserne for revurdering
English: • Furthermore, dense deposits in various tissues were detected after GdCA administration by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which were regarded as Gd deposits.
Danish: • Desuden blev der påvist tætte aflejringer i forskellige væv efter indgivelse af GdCA via transmissionselektronmikroskopi (TEM), der blev betragtet som Gd-aflejringer.
English: Duration of gadolinium retention in the brain
Danish: Varighed af gadolinium-retention i hjernen
English: Only a transient increase in T1signal intensity and gadolinium concentration (measured by ICP-MS1, thus not distinguishing the molecular form of Gd) was observed with macrocyclic agents.
Danish: Kun en forbigående stigning i T1-signalintensitet og gadoliniumkoncentration (målt ved ICP-MS1 og således uden skelnen til den molekylære Gd-form) blev observeret med makrocykliske midler.
English: Data appears to suggest that macrocyclic agents are also deposited in the brain but show only a transient increase in Gd and undergo early washout.
Danish: Dataene synes at antyde, at makrocykliske agenter også aflejres i hjernen, men viser kun en forbigående stigning i Gd og gennemgår tidlig udvaskning.
English: • the study results from the Mayo Clinic Study of Ageing (MCSA) study (McDonald et al. 2017, manuscript in preparation), are limited by small sample sizes, relatively short follow-up with regard to potential long-term effects, lack of discussion of sensitivity of the envisaged endpoints regarding detection of potential adverse effects, lack of full detailed information on statistical methods and their robustness and that they are overall too limited to provide reassurance about the safety of usage of GdCAs.
Danish: • Undersøgelsesresultaterne fra undersøgelsen på Mayo Clinic Study of Aging (MCSA) (McDonald et al. 2017, manuskript under udarbejdelse), er begrænset til små prøver, relativt kort opfølgning med hensyn til potentielle langtidsvirkninger, manglende diskussion af sensitiviteten af de påtænkte endepunkter vedrørende påvisning af potentielle skadelige virkninger, mangel på detaljerede oplysninger om statistiske metoder og disses robusthed, og at de generelt er for begrænsede til at give forsikring med hensyn til sikkerheden af brugen af GdCA'er.
English: While accumulation in terms of T1w signal intensity increases and gadolinium measured in the brain (likely in the form of intact GdCA molecule) has been seen in the short term with these agents, long-term persistence in the brain was not be observed.
Danish: Mens akkumulering i form af T1w-signalintensitet øges, og gadolinium målt i hjernen (sandsynligvis i form af intakt GdCA-molekyle) er blevet set på kort sigt med disse midler, er der ikke blevet observeret langvarig persistens i hjernen.
English: Therefore, pursuant to Article 116 of Directive 2001/83/EC, the CHMP recommends the suspension of the marketing authorisations for intravenous medicinal products containing gadodiamide, gadopentetic acid, and gadoversetamide.
Danish: I henhold til artikel 116 i direktiv 2001/83/EF anbefaler CHMP derfor suspendering af markedsføringstilladelserne for intravenøse lægemidler, der indeholder gadodiamid, gadopentetinsyre og gadoversetamid.
English: Another study showed that administration of the linear GdCAs gadodiamide and gadobenic acid directly into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) resulted in increased signal intensity in the DCN in rats up to 5 weeks after administration.
Danish: En anden undersøgelse viste, at indgivelse af de lineære GdCA'er, gadodiamid og gadobensyre, direkte ind i cerebrospinalvæsken (CSF) resulterede i øget signalintensitet i DCN i rotter op til 5 uger efter indgivelse.
English: Taking into account the extensive exposure and the absence of clinical or non-clinical adverse outcomes of gadolinium accumulation in the brain, CHMP considered that such harmful effects and potential interaction with disease processes are “possible” rather than “plausible”, as the latter would imply a stronger potential for harm; in this sense, “yet” was also removed.
Danish: Under hensyntagen til den omfattende eksponering og fraværet af kliniske eller ikkekliniske negative resultater af gadolinium-akkumulering i hjernen fandt CHMP, at sådanne skadelige virkninger og potentiel interaktion med sygdomsprocesser er "mulige" snarere end "plausible", da sidstnævnte ville indebære et stærkere potentiale for skade; i denne sammenhæng blev "endnu" også fjernet.
English: Hence, the potential risk of brain accumulation and retention in the body tissues cannot be minimised by recommendations to contraindicate use in particular groups (e.g. children, pregnant women, those with renal impairment, other groups) or by avoiding use for particular scans or clinical settings, including repeated use or by restricting re-exposure to certain agents or product classes.
Danish: Derfor kan den potentielle risiko for hjerneakkumulering og retention i kroppens væv ikke minimeres gennem anbefalinger om kontraindiceret brug hos bestemte grupper (fx børn, gravide kvinder, personer med nedsat nyrefunktion, andre grupper) eller ved at undgå brug til bestemte scanninger eller kliniske omgivelser herunder gentagen anvendelse eller ved at begrænse geneksponering for visse midler eller lægemiddelklasser.
English: According to the current knowledge about gadolinium deposition in the brain, linear compounds have been detected in the brain at a higher magnitude than the macrocyclic compounds and they appear to be stored there in a form that does not allow an early washout.
Danish: Ifølge den nuværende viden om gadoliniumaflejring i hjernen er lineære forbindelser blevet påvist i hjernen i højere grad end de makrocykliske forbindelser, og de synes at være lagret dér i en form, der ikke tillader tidlig udvaskning.
English: This relationship further strengthens the interpretation of the MRI studies as evidence that accumulation of gadolinium in the brain is causally related to exposure to GdCAs.
Danish: Dette forhold styrker yderligere fortolkningen af MRI-undersøgelserne som bevis på, at akkumulering af gadolinium i hjernen er kausalt relateret til eksponering for GdCA'er.
English: Cardiac MR including perfusion and delayed enhancement imaging provides relevant information in terms of viable tissue in various cardiovascular disorders needed for work up and management of these diseases.
Danish: perfusion og billeddannelse med forsinket forbedring giver relevant information i form af levedygtigt væv i forskellige hjerte-kar-lidelser, der er nødvendigt for at oparbejde og styre disse sygdomme.
English: A higher in vivo than in vitro stability would require the occurrence of stabilising agents in vivo, but no conclusive evidence confirming increases of the stability of the Gd complex in the body has been provided by the MAH.
Danish: En højere in vivo- end in vitro-stabilitet ville kræve forekomsten af stabiliserende midler in vivo, men intet afgørende bevis, der bekræfter stigninger i stabiliteten af Gdkomplekset i kroppen, er blevet tilvejebragt af indehaveren af markedsføringstilladelsen.
English: PRAC considered the detailed grounds as submitted by the MAHs within this re-examination procedure and the scientific data underlying these grounds.
Danish: PRAC vurderede de detaljerede begrundelser, som indehaverne af markedsføringstilladelsen havde fremlagt inden for rammerne af denne revurderingsprocedure, foruden de videnskabelige data, der lå til grund for disse begrundelser.
English: For liver imaging, some GdCAs allow the possibility of a delayed phase imaging.
Danish: For billeddannelse af leveren giver visse GdCA'er mulighed for forsinket fasebilleddannelse.
English: Such studies are considered unlikely to be feasible in view of the heterogeneity of the patient population that undergoes MRI.
Danish: Det anses for usandsynligt, at sådanne undersøgelser vil være mulige i betragtning af heterogeniteten af patientpopulationen, der gennemgår MR.
English: Firstly, PRAC noted that accumulation in the brain is an intrinsic property of intravenous linear GdCAs and therefore, information on brain accumulation in the SmPC will not lead to a reduction of potential risks associated with this accumulation.
Danish: For det første bemærkede PRAC, at akkumulering i hjernen er en iboende egenskab hos intravenøse lineære GdCA'er, hvorfor information om hjerneakkumulering i produktresuméet ikke vil føre til en reduktion af potentielle risici forbundet med denne akkumulering.
English: Release of gadolinium in patients with severe renal impairment can result in nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF), a serious and life-threatening syndrome involving fibrosis of the skin, joints and internal organs.
Danish: Frigivelse af gadolinium hos patienter med alvorlig nedsat nyrefunktion kan resultere i nefrogen systemisk fibrose (NSF), et alvorligt og livstruende syndrom, der involverer fibrose i hud, led og indre organer.
English: Therefore the condition should not mention “including the brains in human.”
Danish: Betingelsen bør derfor ikke indeholde passagen "inkl.
English: • No specific patient group with less risk of accumulation in the brain can currently be identified.
Danish: • Det p.t. ikke er muligt at identificere en specifik patientgruppe med mindre risiko for akkumulering i hjernen.