FrancophonIA/ELRC3.0 huggingface dataset:
English: The study showed that feed to which 2.5% acid was added in combination with 2500 ppm zinc during the first 14 days post-weaning significantly reduced the prevalence of diarrhoea and the mortality of piglets.
Danish: Undersøgelsen viste, at foder med tilsætning af 2,5 % syre i kombination med 2 500 ppm zink i de første 14 dage efter fravænning medførte en signifikant reduktion i prævalensen af diarré og mortalitet hos smågrise.
English: Overall, of the bibliographic references provided by the marketing authorisation holders there were issues with the study designs that preclude support of 2500 ppm zinc oxide in feed for 14 days post-weaning as described in the approved indications.
Danish: I de litteraturhenvisninger, som markedsføringstilladelseindehaverne har anført, var der generelt problemer med undersøgelsesdesignene, der ikke gjorde det muligt at understøtte anvendelsen af 2 500 ppm zinkoxid i foder i 14 dage efter fravænning i de godkendte indikationer.
English: The PNEC values in this report are considered reliable and, hence, are suitable for use in the risk characterisation veterinary medicinal products containing zinc oxide administered orally to food producing animals.
Danish: PNEC-værdierne i denne rapport anses for at være pålidelige og er således egnede til brug ved risikokarakterisering af veterinærlægemidler, der indeholder zinkoxid og skal administreres oralt til fødevareproducerende dyr.
English: WS13 7SE
Danish: Staffordshire WS13 7SE
English: Although there were uncertainties in both PEC and PNEC calculations on environmental compartments, the overall risk assessment was viewed as conservative and as a result various risk mitigation measures were proposed, which were anticipated to reduce the accumulation of zinc in the environment.
Danish: Selv om der således var en vis usikkerhed med hensyn til både PEC og PNEC for delmiljøer, skønnedes den overordnede risikovurdering at være konservativ, hvorfor der blev foreslået diverse risikoreducerende foranstaltninger, der skulle mindske akkumuleringen af zink i miljøet.
English: The marketing authorisation holders, while acknowledging that there is a risk to the environment due to accumulation of zinc, are proposing to collect data on the sale and consumption of veterinary medicinal products containing zinc oxide within the ESVAC activity, as it is already done with antibiotics, as such data would help to further investigate the use and consequent environmental impact of zinc oxide when used as a veterinary medicinal product.
Danish: Mens markedsføringstilladelsesindehaverne anerkender, at akkumuleringen af zink udgør en risiko for miljøet, foreslår de, at man indsamler data om salget og forbruget af zinkoxid-holdige veterinærlægemidler i forbindelse med ESVAC-aktiviteterne, hvor man allerede overvåger forbruget af antibiotika, da sådanne data kan bruges til yderligere at undersøge anvendelsen af zinkoxid i veterinærlægemidler og den dermed forbundne miljøpåvirkning.
English: Recommended duration of administration The available information supports the duration of 12 to 14 days for prevention of post-weaning diarrhoea in piglets.
Danish: De tilgængelige data understøtter en behandlingsvarighed på 12-14 dage til forebyggelse af diarré hos fravænnede smågrise.
English: The study was a nonGood Clinical Practice (GCP) single-farm comparative study conducted with 3200 piglets.
Danish: Undersøgelsen er en komparativ enkeltfarmsundersøgelse med 3 200 smågrise, hvor god klinisk praksis ikke er overholdt (ikke-GCP).
English: The use of zinc oxide may promote the selection of bacteria expressing zinc resistance.
Danish: Brugen af zinkoxid kan øge selektionen af bakterier, der udtrykker zinkresistens.
English: Thus, it seems that the indication should be limited to the prevention of unspecific diarrhoea of post-weaning i.e. induced by the practice of weaning in certain conditions of breeding.
Danish: Det vurderes således, at indikationen bør begrænses til forebyggelse af uspecificeret diarré efter fravænning, dvs. diarré induceret af fravænningspraksis under visse avlsforhold.
English: The results of the environmental risk assessment for Gutal reflect the conclusion from EFSA on zinc i.e. there is a potential environmental concern related to the aquatic compartment (including sediment), with acidic, sandy, well-drained soils being most vulnerable to these processes.
Danish: Resultaterne af miljørisikovurderingen for Gutal afspejler EFSA's konklusion om zink, nemlig at zink kan være potentielt belastende for det akvatiske delmiljø (herunder sedimenter), idet sur veldrænet sandjord er mest sårbar over for disse processer.
English: The results demonstrated that, among the piglets fed with 2500 ppm or 4000 ppm zinc, a significantly lower number of piglets required anti-diarrhoea treatment.
Danish: Resultaterne viste, at der blandt de smågrise, der fik 2 500 eller 4 000 ppm zink, var et signifikant lavere antal, der krævede diarrébehandling.
English: The CVMP was requested to review all available data and to evaluate the overall benefit-risk balance of the products concerned in order to determine the benefits associated with the use of zinc oxide in food producing species and also the risks for the environment and risks of (co-)selection of resistance genes.
Danish: CVMP blev bedt om at gennemgå alle tilgængelige data og evaluere den overordnede benefit/risk-balance for de pågældende produkter for at vurdere fordelene ved brug af zinkoxid til fødevareproducerende arter samt miljørisikoen og risikoen for (co-)selektion for resistensgener.
English: The data showed that the use of pig slurry on soils has led to a significant increase in soil concentrations of zinc, especially in the latest period monitored (1998 to 2014).
Danish: Dataene viser, at anvendelsen af svinegylle på jord har ført til en signifikant stigning i jordens indhold af zink, navnlig i den seneste overvågede periode (1998-2014).
English: The Metal Bioavailability Assessment Tool requires fewer data inputs to predict zinc bioavailability in water than the Biotic Ligand Model, and can be used to calculate site-specific PNECs.
Danish: Værktøjet til vurdering af metallers biotilgængelighed kræver færre data for at kunne beregne zinks biotilgængelighed i vand end ovennævnte Biotic Ligand Model og kan anvendes til at beregne stedsspecifikke PNEC-værdier.
English: Although this is in line with the criteria set out by the CVMP reflection paper on risk mitigation measures, it might be difficult not only in instances where there may not be the possibility to apply treated manure on different areas of land, but also because of the trade on manure between EU Member States and possibility for manure containing high concentrations of zinc oxide being used in susceptible soil types.
Danish: Selv om et sådant tiltag er i overensstemmelse med kriterierne i CVMP's arbejdsdokument om risikoreducerende foranstaltninger, kan det være svært at gennemføre; dette skyldes ikke alene de tilfælde, hvor der ikke er mulighed for at anvende behandlet gødning på forskellige jordområder, men også handlen med gødning medlemsstaterne imellem og muligheden for, at gødning, der indeholder høje koncentrationer af zinkoxid, anvendes på følsomme jordtyper.
English: The marketing authorisation holder states that concerns for antimicrobial resistance related to high dose zinc oxide do not apply to their products, and most concerns are hypothetical.
Danish: Markedsføringstilladelsesindehaveren anfører, at hans produkter ikke giver anledning til bekymringer for antibiotikaresistens relateret til høje doser zinkoxid, og at de fleste bekymringer er hypotetiske.
English: In 2015 following a referral procedure (EMEA/V/A/108) under Article 33(4) of Directive 2001/82/EC, for Gutal 1000 g/kg premix for medicated feeding stuff for piglets (thereafter called ‘Gutal')1, a risk to the environment has been identified due to accumulation of zinc, in the terrestrial and aquatic compartment (including sediment), with acidic, sandy, well-drained soils being most vulnerable.
Danish: Efter en indbringelsesprocedure i 2015 (EMEA/V/A/108) i medfør af artikel 33, stk. 4, i direktiv 2001/82/EF, hvad angår Gutal 1 000 g/kg premix til medicineret foder til smågrise (i det følgende benævnt "Gutal")1, har man identificeret en risiko for miljøet i form af akkumuleret zink i jord- og vandområder (herunder sedimenter), idet sure, sandede og veldrænede jorder er de mest sårbare.
English: However, while the marketing authorisation holder claims a lower exposure and annual load from their products compared to other zinc oxide veterinary medicines, they have not submitted data supporting a quantitative risk assessment, and have not considered that, while their conclusion on a limited environmental release of zinc oxide was estimated from the use of these products on 3-4 week old piglets (7-8 kg), the claim for their products is for pigs up to 40 kg/bw, and treating heavier pigs would also increase the environmental load.
Danish: Markedsføringstilladelsesindehaveren påberåber sig imidlertid, at hans produkter giver en lavere eksponering og en lavere årlig belastning end andre zinkoxid-holdige veterinærlægemidler, men han har ikke fremlagt data, der kan understøtte en kvantitativ risikovurdering, ligesom han ikke inddrager det faktum, at hans produkter er tiltænkt svin med en legemsvægt på op til 40 kg, selv om hans påberåbelse af en begrænset zinkoxidfrigivelse til miljøet gælder anvendelse af produkterne til smågrise i alderen 3-4 uger (7-8 kg); behandling af større svin vil desuden øge belastningen af miljøet.
English: A total of five different environmental risk assessments on products containing zinc oxide to be administered orally to piglets for 2-6 weeks, at concentrations ranging between 2500 to 3100 ppm zinc oxide in feed were made available to the CVMP during this referral procedure.
Danish: I alt fem forskellige miljørisikovurderinger vedrørende produkter, der indeholder zinkoxid og skal administreres oralt til smågrise i 2-6 uger i en koncentration på 2 500-3 100 ppm zinkoxid i foder, blev fremlagt for CVMP under denne indbringelsesprocedure.
English: Several of the publications submitted in support of the dose were not relevant since the investigations either focused on the growth benefits of zinc oxide or clinical trials combining both zinc oxide and antimicrobials.
Danish: Mange af de fremlagte publikationer til understøttelse af doseringen har ingen relevans, da de enten understreger de vækstmæssige fordele ved zinkoxid eller omfatter kliniske undersøgelser, hvor zinkoxid og antibiotika kombineres.
English: However, the study supports the line of evidence that the use of zinc oxide as a veterinary medicinal product in pig farming will lead to a gradual accumulation in agricultural soils, which will eventually not only exceed safe concentrations of zinc in soil, but also in sediment and water systems.
Danish: Undersøgelsen understøtter imidlertid evidensen fra andre undersøgelsesresultater, der tyder på, at anvendelsen af zinkoxid som veterinærlægemiddel i svineopdræt vil føre til en gradvis akkumulering i landbrugsjord, som vil ende med ikke alene at overskride sikkerhedstærsklen for zinkkoncentration i jord, men også i sedimenter og vandsystemer.
English: Following the CVMP opinion of 8 December 2016 on this referral procedure, several marketing authorisation holders (aniMedica GmbH, Huvepharma N.V., DSM Nutritional Products (UK) Ltd., Provimi Ltd., Andrés Pintaluba S.A., Bio Vet Aps, Calier Portugal S.A., Dunavet-B Zrt., Industrial Veterinaria S.A., Laboratorios Calier S.A., Laboratorios Support Pharma S.L., S.C. Crida Pharm S.R.L., ScanVet Animal Health A/S, Sintofarm S.p.A, Tekro, spol.
Danish: Efter CVMP's udtalelse af 8. december 2016 vedrørende den omhandlede indbringelsesprocedure har flere markedsføringstilladelsesindehavere anmodet om en revurdering af udtalelsen (aniMedica GmbH, Huvepharma N.V., DSM Nutritional Products (UK) Ltd., Provimi Ltd., Andrés Pintaluba S.A., Bio Vet Aps, Calier Portugal S.A., Dunavet-B Zrt., Industrial Veterinaria S.A., Laboratorios Calier S.A., Laboratorios Support Pharma S.L., S.C. Crida Pharm S.R.L., ScanVet Animal Health A/S,
English: The proposed indication of the combined product is for treatment, but no clinical data to support the use of zinc oxide in the treatment of diarrhoea (i.e. in presence of the disease at the initiation of zinc oxide administration - infection already confirmed in the herd) was available.
Danish: Den anførte indikation for kombinationsproduktet gælder behandling af diarré, men der foreligger ingen kliniske data til at understøtte anvendelsen af zinkoxid til behandling af diarré (dvs. hvor sygdommen allerede er til stede og infektionen allerede er bekræftet i besætningen ved starten af zinkoxid-behandlingen).
English: In the frame of the aforementioned procedure, the Committee for Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use (CVMP) considered that there is some uncertainty associated with the calculated risks for some environmental compartments as the predicted environmental concentration (PEC) due to the use of zinc as a veterinary medicinal product could not be validated, and the predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) did not always account for zinc bioavailability (specifically for the sediment compartment).
Danish: Ved ovennævnte indbringelsesprocedure vurderede Udvalget for Veterinærlægemidler (CVMP), at der er en vis usikkerhed forbundet med de beregnede risici for nogle delmiljøer, da den forventede miljøkoncentration (PEC), der skyldes anvendelsen af zink som veterinærlægemiddel, ikke kunne valideres, og da den forventede nuleffektkoncentration (PNEC) ikke altid tog højde for zinks biotilgængelighed (navnlig hvad angår sedimenter).
English: Also, according to Mateos et al., 19987 zinc supplement should not be prolonged further than the weaning period.
Danish: Mateos et al. (1998)7 peger også på, at man ikke bør fortsætte med at give zinktilskud efter fravænningsperioden.
English: In conclusion, the combination of colistin and zinc oxide for the approved indication (metaphylaxis and treatment of gastrointestinal infections caused by non-invasive E. coli sensitive to colistin) for seven days duration of administration is not justified.
Danish: Det kan derfor konkluderes, at der ikke er belæg for at kombinere colistin og zinkoxid i den godkendte indikation (metafylakse og behandling af gastrointestinale infektioner forårsaget af ikke-invasiv E. coli, der er følsom over for colistin), hvor der skal gives behandling i 7 dage.
English: Effect assessment
Danish: Effektvurdering
English: The administration period was 14 or 21 days immediately after weaning.
Danish: Det zink-berigede foder blev givet i en periode på 14 eller 21 dage umiddelbart efter fravænning.
English: While the marketing authorisation holders acknowledge possible links between zinc oxide veterinary medicinal products to multi-resistant bacteria (e.g. LA-MRSA, E. coli) and the environment, the marketing authorisation holders regard that the benefits of their products outweigh the risks.
Danish: Markedsføringstilladelsesindehaverne anerkender en mulig forbindelse mellem zinkoxid-holdige veterinærlægemidler og multiresistente bakterier (f.eks. LA-MRSA, E. coli) i miljøet, men de mener, at fordelene ved deres produkter opvejer risiciene.
English: The CVMP recognises the importance of bioavailability when addressing toxicity of metals, and considers that while different models might take into consideration the bioavailable fraction of zinc oxide and conclude on a slight different timeframe for when (i.e., in which year) environmental risks are predicted to occur, none of the models support a prediction of no environmental risk from the use of zinc oxide as a veterinary medicinal product, nor that zinc in soil will not become bioavailable to soil, water or aquatic biota.
Danish: CVMP anerkender vigtigheden af biotilgængelighed ved vurdering af metallers toksicitet og mener, at selv om forskellige modeller kan tage hensyn til den biotilgængelige del af zinkoxid og træffe let afgivende konklusioner vedrørende tidsrammen for, hvornår (dvs. hvilket år) der forventes at opstå miljøproblemer, er der ingen af modellerne, der ikke forudsiger en miljørisiko ved brug af zinkoxid som veterinærlægemiddel, ligesom der ikke er nogen af modellerne, der forudsiger, at zinkkoncentrationer i jord ikke vil blive biotilgængelige i jord, vand eller akvatisk biota.
English: Zinc oxide is considered to be beneficial for the prevention of post-weaning diarrhoea (i.e. reduction in the incidence of diarrhoea during the post-weaning period) in piglets.
Danish: Zinkoxid anses for at være effektivt til forebyggelse af diarré hos fravænnede smågrise (dvs. til reduktion af forekomsten af diarré efter fravænning).
English: As a result, the CVMP considers that the environmental risk assessment presented above for all zinc oxide mono-products is also adequate to predict environmental risks from the use of Enteroxid products in the EU.
Danish: CVMP vurderer derfor, at ovenfor omtalte miljørisikovurdering for alle enkeltstofprodukter med zinkoxid alene også er egnet til beregning af miljøbelastningen ved anvendelse af Enteroxid-produkter i EU.
English: The latter can reduce zinc bioavailability and, although levels are variable, where zinc sulfides are formed PNECs may be greatly exceeded before adverse effects are observed.
Danish: Syreflygtigt sulfid kan reducere zinks biotilgængelighed, og selv om niveauerne varierer, kan PNEC-værdierne, hvor der dannes zinksulfider, overskrides meget, inden der observeres negative virkninger.
English: Due to accumulation of zinc risks have been identified for all environmental compartments, either immediately (sediment, some soil and surface water types) or delayed (other soil types, ground-, and surface waters).
Danish: Akkumuleringen af zink medfører risici for alle delmiljøer, enten straks (sedimenter, visse typer jord og overfladevand) eller forsinket (andre jordtyper, grundvand, overfladevand).
English: aniMedica's scientific grounds for re-examination focused on benefits associated with the use of their products (veterinary medicinal products containing colistin sulfate and zinc oxide), risks for (co-)selection of resistance genes and risks for the environment associated with the use their products.
Danish: aniMedica's videnskabelige begrundelse for revurdering har fokus på fordelene ved brug af deres produkter (veterinærlægemidler, der indeholder colistinsulfat og zinkoxid), risikoen for (co-)selektion for resistensgener og miljørisiciene ved anvendelse af deres produkter.
English: Czech Republic Tekro, spol.
Danish: Tekro, spol.
English: This trend of zinc accumulation on agricultural soils from the veterinary use of zinc oxide has been recently reported by Bak et al. (2015).
Danish: Omfanget af zinkakkumulering på landbrugsjord, der skyldes brug af zinkoxid-holdige veterinærprodukter, er omhandlet i en nylig rapport af Bak et al. (2015).
English: During the above-mentioned referral procedure, a complete benefit-risk assessment was not conducted by the CVMP, and while the therapeutic benefits of Gutal were not taken into account as the product is a generic and bioequivalence with the reference product was accepted, quality, target animal safety, user safety impact on antimicrobial resistance development and residues were not assessed during the initial referral procedure, (given the scope of that referral).
Danish: Under omtalte indbringelsesprocedure udførte CVMP ikke en komplet vurdering af benefit/risk-forholdet; udvalget forholdt sig ikke til de terapeutiske fordele ved Gutal, da produktet er generisk og anses for at være bioækvivalent med referenceproduktet, og der blev således ikke foretaget nogen vurdering af kvaliteten, måldyrssikkerheden eller sikkerheden med hensyn til udvikling af antibiotikaresistens og restkoncentrationer under indbringelsesproceduren (i betragtning af procedurens anvendelsesområde).
English: Concerning the reduction of the use of antibiotics by use of zinc oxide it is considered that the clinical data were too sparse to conclude on this potential effect.
Danish: Med hensyn til at reducere brugen af antibiotika ved anvendelse af zinkoxid skønnes det, at de kliniske data ikke er tilstrækkeligt fyldestgørende til en konklusiv vurdering.
English: In the aquatic compartment, zinc bioavailability in water has been predicted using the Metal Bioavailability Assessment Tool (United Kingdom Environment Agency)13, a user-friendly version of the Biotic Ligand Model, a model that is used to predict the bioavailable metals for different aquatic species (algae, Daphnia and fish) and has been used and well reported in a large number of peer-reviewed studies for zinc, and the data used in the EU RAR on zinc (2010).
Danish: I det akvatiske delmiljø beregnes zinks biotilgængelighed i vand ved hjælp af Det Forenede Kongeriges miljøagenturs værktøj til vurdering af metallers biotilgængelighed13, en brugervenlig udgave af den såkaldte Biotic Ligand Model, som er en model, der anvendes til at beregne de biotilgængelige metaller for forskellige akvatiske arter (alger, dafnier og fisk), og som er blevet anvendt og er velrapporteret i en lang række fagfællebedømte undersøgelser af zink, samt dataene i EU's risikovurderingsrapport for zink (2010).
English: The Metal Bioavailability Assessment Tool is based on the outputs from the zinc Biotic Ligand Models and the dataset used in the derivation of the Environmental Quality Standard for zinc, and only requires input data for water pH, dissolved organic carbon and dissolved calcium concentration, but does not take into account the presence of other ions that could affect zinc speciation and, hence, bioavailability.
Danish: Værktøjet til vurdering af metallers biotilgængelighed er baseret på resultaterne fra ovennævnte Biotic Ligand Model for zink og det datasæt, som anvendes til at udlede miljøkvalitetsstandarden for zink, og kræver kun inputdata for vands pH-værdi, koncentrationen af opløst organisk kulstof og opløst calcium, men tager ikke højde for tilstedeværelsen af andre ioner, der kan påvirke typebestemmelsen af zink og dermed biotilgængeligheden.
English: • The aetiology of the observed diarrhoea was not established in most of studies submitted.
Danish: • De fleste af de fremlagte undersøgelser har ikke klarlagt ætiologien for den observerede diarré.
English: Considering the duration of the administration of high amounts of zinc in the feed of weaned piglets (between 2500 and 3000 ppm of zinc), Hollis (2000)6 advises that administration of high zinc content feed should not be prolonged for more than two weeks after weaning, and that zinc used should be in the form of zinc oxide.
Danish: Med hensyn til, hvor længe fravænnede smågrise bør have foder med højt indhold af zink (2 5003 000 ppm zink), pegede Hollis (2 000)6 på, at man ikke bør give foder med højt indhold af zink i mere end to uger efter fravænning, og at den anvendte zink bør have form af zinkoxid.
English: The conclusion of this study was that adding 2400 ppm zinc (as zinc oxide) for 14 days after weaning reduces the incidence of diarrhoea.
Danish: Undersøgelsen konkluderede, at tilsætning i foderet af 2 400 ppm zink (i form af zinkoxid) i 14 dage efter fravænning reducerer forekomsten af diarré.
English: The marketing authorisation holders' grounds for requesting a re-examination of the CVMP opinion focused on risks for (co-)selection of resistance genes and risks for the environment.
Danish: Markedsføringstilladelsesindehavernes begrundelse for at anmode om en revurdering af CVMP's udtalelse har fokus på risikoen for (co-)selektion for resistensgener og miljørisici.
English: Therefore, exposure using application rates that are considered relevant from the use of zinc containing veterinary medicinal products are calculated from the pre-defined loading rates of the IDMM.
Danish: Eksponering baseret på doseringer, der anses for at være relevante ved anvendelse af zinkholdige veterinærlægemidler, beregnes derfor ud fra den foruddefinerede belastning i henhold til IDMM-modellen.