FrancophonIA/ELRC3.0 huggingface dataset:
English: Pleuromutilins also share with lincosamides overlapping binding sites at the ribosomal peptidyl transferase center, and multi-resistant strains (to pleuromutilins, macrolides and lincosamides) have arisen.
Croatian: Pleuromutilini s linkozamidima također dijele mjesta preklapanja za vezivanje na ribosomskom centru peptidil-transferaze zbog čega su se razvili višestruko rezistentni sojevi (na pleuromutiline, makrolide i linkozamide).
English: This major uncertainty cannot be addressed until new clinical studies are conducted, under well controlled conditions including proper diagnoses and follow-up of the bacterial pathogens involved and determination of their in vitro susceptibility.
Croatian: Problem te velike nesigurnosti ne može se riješiti sve dok se ne provedu nova klinička ispitivanja u dobro kontroliranim uvjetima uz propisne dijagnoze i naknadno praćenje uključenih bakterijskih patogena i utvrđivanje njihove in vitro osjetljivosti.
English: It is possible that the substances are synergistic, act at different locations (intra- and extracellularly), or act by influencing the concurrent gut flora conditions.
Croatian: Moguće je da su tvari sinergističke, da djeluju na različitim lokacijama (unutarstanično i izvanstanično) ili da djeluju tako da utječu na trenutačne uvjete crijevne flore.
English: It appears that currently pleuromutilins still constitute an effective alternative for the treatment of the disease, although MIC increases, deemed as alarming, have been detected in several surveys (see CVMP reflection paper (EMA/CVMP/AWP/119489/2012))
Croatian: Čini se da su postojeći pleuromutilini i dalje učinkovita alternativa za liječenje bolesti iako su u nekoliko ispitivanja otkrivene zabrinjavajuće veće razine MIK-a (vidjeti osvrt CVMP-a (EMA/CVMP/AWP/119489/2012))
English: Also pharmacovigilance data do not indicate a risk of MRL violation.
Croatian: Farmakovigilancijski podatci također ne ukazuju na rizik od kršenja NDK-a.
English: Rivium Westlaan 74 2909 LD Capelle a/d Ijssel
Croatian: 2909 LD Capelle a/d Ijssel
English: In addition, some mutations in that area can confer increased MICs to both pleuromutilins and lincosamides.
Croatian: Osim toga, neke mutacije u tom području mogu pridonijeti povećanju MIK-ova za pleuromutiline i linkozamide.
English: Therefore, the Committee considers that there is no need to amend the currently approved withdrawal periods for pigs meat and offal for the products concerned by the procedure.
Croatian: Odbor stoga smatra da nije potrebno izmjenjivati trenutačno odobrena razdoblja karencije za svinjsko meso i klaoničke proizvode za proizvode na koje se postupak odnosi.
English: Such use has not been associated with substantial evidence of efficacy of treatment or associated metaphylaxis; therefore, this also entails a high risk of resistance selection and treatment failure.
Croatian: Za takvu primjenu ne postoje značajni dokazi o učinkovitosti liječenja ili povezanoj metafilaksi i stoga to također predstavlja veliki rizik od odabira rezistencije i neuspjeha liječenja.
English: Matije Gupca 42 43500 Daruvar Croatia
Croatian: Vet Consulting d.o.o. Matije Gupca 42 43500 Daruvar Croatia
English: Spectinomycin is active against avian E. coli, with observed rates of in vitro resistance of less than 20%.
Croatian: Spektinomicin djeluje protiv ptičje E. coli sa zabilježenim stopama in vitro rezistencije od manje od 20 %.
English: However, some attempts were made to establish relationships between MIC values and the clinical outcome, using limited clinical and/or PK (colonic content concentration) data.
Croatian: Međutim, bilo je pokušaja utvrđivanja povezanosti između vrijednosti MIK-a i kliničkog ishoda na osnovi ograničenih kliničkih i/ili farmakokinetičkih (koncentracija crijevnog sadržaja) podataka.
English: However this has not been validated and it has not been shown that spectinomycin undergoes any metabolism in any species and it appears from PK data that most of the therapeutic dose can be recovered from faeces and urine.
Croatian: Međutim, to nije provjereno i nije dokazano da spektinomicin prolazi kroz metabolizam u bilo koje vrste te se na temelju farmakokinetičkih podataka čini da se veći dio terapijske doze može pronaći u izmetu i urinu.
English: It was concluded that most Brachyspira isolates demonstrated in vitro resistance and that it could not be expected that oral tylosin would be sufficiently efficacious for the treatment of swine dysentery.
Croatian: Zaključeno je da je većina izolata Brachyspira pokazala in vitro rezistenciju te da se ne može očekivati da će tilozin za peroralnu primjenu biti dostatno djelotvoran u liječenju svinjske dizenterije.
English: 4.2 Indications for use, specifying the target species
Croatian: 4.2 Indikacije za primjenu u kojima se navode ciljane vrste
English: Subsequent to the outcome of the aforementioned Article 34 referral procedure for Linco-Spectin 100, Belgium considered that it is in the interest of the Union to promote effective and rational use of the lincomycin-spectinomycin combination in orally administered veterinary medicinal products, and thereby limit the risk of resistance development.
Croatian: Shodno ishodu prethodno spomenutog postupka upućivanja sukladno članku 34. za VMP Linco-Spectin 100, Belgija je smatrala da je u interesu Unije da promiče učinkovitu i racionalnu uporabu kombinacije linkomicina i spektinomicina u veterinarko-medicinskim proizvodima s peroralnom primjenom te da na taj način ograniči rizik od razvijanja rezistencije.
English: The typical dosing regimen in these studies comprises a first phase at about 150 mg combined actives/kg bw/day and a second phase at about 50 mg combined actives/kg bw/day.
Croatian: Tipični režim doziranja u tim ispitivanjima obuhvaćao je prvu fazu u kojoj se primjenjivalo otprilike 150 mg kombiniranih djelatnih tvari/kg tjelesne težine/dan i drugu fazu u kojoj se primjenjivalo otprilike 50 mg kombiniranih djelatnih tvari/kg tjelesne težine/dan.
English: In addition, in the study the induced clinical signs can only be considered only as moderate, since no mortality occurred and clinical scores were rather low.
Croatian: Osim toga, inducirani klinički znakovi u ispitivanju mogu se smatrati samo umjerenima jer nije bilo ugibanja, a klinički su rezultati bili razmjerno niski.
English: This low dose for a long period entails a high risk of antimicrobial resistance selection in pathogenic and commensal bacteria and treatment failure.
Croatian: Ta mala doza tijekom dugog razdoblja predstavlja veliki rizik od odabira antimikrobne rezistencije u patogenih i nametničkih bakterija i neuspjeha liječenja.
English: In addition, spectinomycin is polar and does not readily cross membranes to distribute into the intracellular compartment.
Croatian: Osim toga, spektinomicin je polaran i stoga ne prolazi jednostavno kroz membrane kako bi se širio u unutarstaničnom području.
English: Although that some disease outbreaks would still be treated with sufficient efficacy in the current field situation, the risks of treatment failure and delay of effective therapy by pleuromutilins, due to the high in vitro resistance rates and high uncertainty regarding the associated clinical outcome, are considered to outweigh the clinical benefit in a minority of field outbreaks.
Croatian: Iako bi neka izbijanja bolesti i dalje bila dovoljno učinkovito liječena u postojećoj situaciji na terenu, smatra se da rizici od neuspjeha liječenja i odgađanja učinkovite terapije pleuromutilinima zbog visokih stopa in vitro rezistencije i velike nesigurnosti u pogledu povezanih kliničkih ishoda nadmašuju kliničke koristi u manjem broju izbijanja bolesti na terenu.
English: 7421 ZE Deventer The Netherlands
Croatian: Maagdenburgstraat 17 7421 ZE Deventer The Netherlands
English: Deletion of target species chickens from the concerned products could increase the use of antimicrobial substances currently considered as even more critical in terms of the consequences of selection of resistance and relevance for public health, such as fluoroquinolones.
Croatian: Brisanje ciljanih vrsta pilića iz informacija o dotičnim proizvodima moglo bi povećati uporabu antimikrobnih tvari, kao što su fluorokinoloni, koje se trenutačno smatraju čak kritičnijima u smislu posljedica odabira rezistencije i važnosti za javno zdravlje.
English: It is generally considered that the resistance status against tylosin closely follows that for lincomycin because of cross-resistance (see e.g. the CVMP reflection paper (EMA/CVMP/SAGAM/741087/2009))
Croatian: Općenito se smatra da status rezistencije na tilozin usko slijedi status rezistencije na linkomicin zbog unakrsne rezistencije (vidjeti npr. osvrt CVMP-a (EMA/CVMP/SAGAM/741087/2009))
English: Delete, where applicable, any references to systematic/prophylactic use.
Croatian: Potrebno je izbrisati sva upućivanja na sustavnu/profilaktičku primjenu kada je to primjenjivo.
English: Nevertheless, the available in vitro susceptibility data suggest that the expected benefit is now considerably reduced due to a rapid and widespread MIC increase in B. hyodysenteriae.
Croatian: Ipak, dostupni podatci o in vitro osjetljivosti ukazuju na to da je očekivana korist sada znatno smanjena zbog brzog i rasprostranjenog povećanja MIK-a za bakteriju B. hyodysenteriae.
English: Any other product use than powders for use in drinking water entails a risk of treatment failure and of resistance development in pathogenic and commensal bacteria through unnecessary or inadequate exposure to the antimicrobial agents, and is not counterbalanced by a demonstrated benefit.
Croatian: Primjena bilo kojeg drugog proizvoda osim praškova za primjenu u vodi za piće predstavlja rizik od neuspjeha liječenja i razvoja rezistencije u patogenih i nametničkih bakterija putem nepotrebne ili neodgovarajuće izloženosti antimikrobnim agensima i nije kontrabalansirana dokazanim koristima.
English: It is considered that indications relating to swine dysentery caused by B. hyodyenteriae, and associated pathogens, are not sufficiently supported and that the use of the products in such conditions entails a risk of treatment failure, which, in addition, is linked to a risk of further resistance selection and co-selection.
Croatian: Smatra se da indikacije povezane sa svinjskom dizenterijom uzrokovanom bakterijom B. hyodyenteriae i povezanim patogenima nisu dovoljno dokazane te da uporaba proizvoda u takvim uvjetima uključuje rizik od neuspjeha liječenja koji je, osim toga, povezan s rizikom od daljnjeg odabira i suodabira rezistencije.
English: Several pig enteric pathogens can be associated with B. hyodysenteriae infections and constitute possible targets for spectinomycin.
Croatian: Nekoliko se svinjskih crijevnih patogena može povezati s infekcijama bakterijom B. hyodysenteriae koji mogu biti mogući ciljevi terapije spektinomicinom.
English: Spectinomycin is also active against Salmonella spp., and both compounds are active against Campylobacter spp.
Croatian: Spektinomicin također djeluje protiv bakterije Salmonella spp., a oba spoja djeluju protiv bakterije Campylobacter spp.
English: It is known from the PK properties of spectinomycin that only negligible amounts are absorbed from the gut and that in any case, blood levels do not reach MIC levels.
Croatian: Na temelju farmakokinetičkih svojstava spektinomicina poznato je da se iz crijeva apsorbiraju tek zanemarive količine i da u svakom slučaju razine u krvi ne dosežu razine MIK-a.
English: The CVMP considers that the obvious increase in MIC values in European B. hyodysenteriae isolates with regard to wild-type strains, impacts the benefit-risk assessment for the group of products under assessment since this is not taken into account in most available clinical efficacy studies which were conducted at the time of product development.
Croatian: CVMP smatra da očigledno povećanje vrijednosti MIK-a u europskim izolatima bakterije B. hyodysenteriae, s obzirom na sojeve divljeg tipa, utječe na procjenu koristi i rizika za skupinu proizvoda koja se procjenjuje jer se to nije uzimalo u obzir u većini dostupnih kliničkih ispitivanja djelotvornosti koja su se provodila u vrijeme razvoja proizvoda.
English: The mechanism by which spectinomycin administered orally acts on pathogens at the systemic level despite a poor absorption is not fully elucidated, and might rely partly on indirect effects on the gut flora.
Croatian: Mehanizam kojim peroralno primijenjen spektinomicin djeluje na patogene na sustavnoj razini unatoč slaboj apsorpciji nije potpuno jasan i može se djelomično zasnivati na neizravnim učincima na crijevnu floru.
English: Delete, where applicable, any references to swine dysentery caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, or to other bacterial species than those specified in the indications.
Croatian: Kada je to primjenjivo, potrebno je obrisati sva upućivanja na svinjsku dizenteriju uzrokovanu bakterijom Brachyspira hyodysenteriae ili na bilo koje druge bakterijske vrste osim onih koje su navedene u indikacijama.
English: No further data have been presented in the framework of this referral to support any indications in poultry species other than chickens.
Croatian: U okviru tog postupka upućivanja nisu predočeni nikakvi dodatni podatci koji bi išli u prilog bilo koje indikacije u drugih vrsta peradi osim u pilića.
English: Lincomycin is a lincosamide antibiotic derived from Streptomyces lincolnensis which inhibits protein synthesis.
Croatian: Linkomicin je linkozamidni antibiotik koji se dobiva iz bakterije Streptomyces lincolensis i koji onemogućuje sintezu proteina.
English: The available in vitro susceptibility data indicate that spectinomycin and lincomycin can act synergistically in avian mycoplasmas such as M. gallisepticum.
Croatian: Dostupni podatci o in vitro osjetljivosti pokazuju da spektinomicin i linkomicin mogu sinergistički djelovati u ptičjim mikoplazmama kao što je M. gallisepticum.
English: The presence of the disease in the group must be established before the product is used.
Croatian: Prije primjene proizvoda mora se utvrditi prisutnost bolesti u skupini.
English: Lithuania Bela-Pharm GmbH & Co.KG
Croatian: Bela-Pharm GmbH & Co.KG
English: Germany Zoetis Deutschland GmbH
Croatian: Zoetis Deutschland GmbH
English: It follows that, while concerns could be expressed if pleuromutilins would remain the sole antimicrobial class indicated in swine dysentery, on the other hand the use of lincomycin against strains of intermediate susceptibility, might possibly contribute to pleuromutilin resistance development through co-selection.
Croatian: S druge strane, iz toga proizlazi da bi, iako može postojati zabrinutost u slučaju da pleuromutilini ostanu jedini antimikrobni razred indiciran za svinjsku dizenteriju, uporaba linkomicina protiv sojeva srednje osjetljivosti mogla doprinijeti razvoju rezistencije na pleuromutilin putem suodabira.
English: Zoetis Belgium SA Rue Laid Burniat, 1 1348 Louvain-laNeuve
Croatian: Zoetis Belgium SA Rue Laid Burniat, 1 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
English: Therefore, although overall the combination of lincomycin and spectinomycin showed to be clinically effective against E. coli in chickens, appropriate sentence should be included in SPC section 5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties to reflect the lack of absorption of spectinomycin in the gut.
Croatian: Stoga, iako se ukupno gledajući pokazalo da je kombinacija linkomicina i spektinomicina klinički učinkovita protiv E. coli u pilića, u dio sažetka opisa svojstava 5.1. (Farmakodinamička svojstva) potrebno je dodati odgovarajuću rečenicu kako bi se ukazalo na nedostatak apsorpcije spektinomicina u crijevima.
English: It has little or no action against gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli.
Croatian: Slabo djeluje ili uopće ne djeluje protiv gram-negativnih bakterija kao što je Escherichia coli.
English: Its added value above the single substances in that context has been demonstrated in old clinical studies, although with limitations at the level of bacteriological inclusion criteria and bacteriological follow-up.
Croatian: U tom je kontekstu dokazana dodana vrijednost u odnosu na učinak tvari u pojedinačnoj primjeni u starim kliničkim ispitivanjima, iako s ograničenjima na razini bakterioloških kriterija uključenosti i naknadnog bakteriološkog praćenja.
English: The macrolide tylosin is closely related to lincosamides and binds to an overlapping ribosomal site.
Croatian: Makrolidni tilozin usko je povezan s linkozamidima i veže se na mjesto preklapanja ribosoma.
English: SUPER´S DIANA, S.L
Croatian: Španjolska SUPER´S DIANA, S.L Ctra.
English: Data from a pilot challenge study suggest efficacy in case of proliferative enteropathy associated with a colibacillosis outbreak, although the study was not formally designed to investigate efficacy against E. coli.
Croatian: Podatci iz probnog ispitivanja ukazuju na djelotvornost u slučaju proliferativne enteropatije povezane s izbijanjem kolibakciloze iako to ispitivanje nije formalno osmišljeno radi ispitivanja djelotvornosti protiv bakterije E. coli.
English: Indications, dosages and residue data in pigs
Croatian: Indikacije, doziranje i podatci o reziduama u svinja
English: During the Article 34 referral procedure (EMA/V/A/088) for Linco-Spectin 100, the limited efficacy data that were provided and the lack of residue data did not lead to the approval of any harmonised indications in poultry species other than chickens.
Croatian: Tijekom postupka upućivanja sukladno članku 34 (EMA/V/A/088) za VMP Linco-Spectin 100, usklađene indikacije odobrene su samo za piliće i ni za jednu drugu vrstu peradi, i to zbog ograničenih podataka o učinkovitosti i nedostatka podataka o reziduama.
English: 1 under Article 34 of Directive 2001/82/EC, the product information was harmonised for Linco-Spectin 100, powder for use in drinking water for pigs and chickens, containing 222 mg lincomycin/g and 444.7 mg spectinomycin/g.
Croatian: 1 u skladu s člankom 34. Direktive 2001/82/EZ, informacije o proizvodu za VMP Linco-Spectin 100, prašak za primjenu u vodi za piće za svinje i piliće koji sadrži 222 mg linkomicina/g i 444,7 mg spektinomicina/g, usklađene su.
English: Poligono Industrial El Segre
Croatian: Španjolska MEVET, S.A. Poligono Industrial El Segre
English: It appears however that this represents a minority of strains; also, this is based on sparse data and on several estimations, and no firm clinical breakpoint has been established up until now.
Croatian: Isto tako, ti se zaključci temelje na oskudnim podatcima i na nekoliko ocjena i stoga dosad nije utvrđena čvrsta klinička prijelomna točka.
English: Therefore, when considering the high in vitro resistance rate in B. hyodysenteriae, and to a lesser extent in possible associated pathogens, together with the limitations of the available clinical data, it appears that in the current situation the combination may remain effective only in a minority of field situations, and no well-established interpretive criterion or standardised test method exists which allows the user to predict efficacy against B. hyodysenteriae.
Croatian: Stoga se pri razmatranju visoke stope in vitro rezistencije bakterije B. hyodysenteriae i u manjoj mjeri mogućih povezanih patogena, uzimajući u obzir i ograničenja dostupnih kliničkih podataka, čini da bi ova kombinacija trenutačno mogla i dalje biti učinkovita samo u manjem broju situacija na terenu te da ne postoje jasno utvrđeni interpretativni kriteriji ili standardizirane metode ispitivanja koje bi korisniku omogućile da predvidi učinkovitost protiv bakterije B. hyodysenteriae.
English: There is only weak evidence that the effect on L. intracellularis infection would be superior to the single substances, and the respective roles of lincomycin and spectinomycin in the context of pig ileitis have not been well established.
Croatian: Postoje slabi dokazi o tome da bi učinak na infekciju bakterijom L. intracellularis bio nadređen učinku pojedinačnih tvari, a odgovarajuće uloge linkomicina i spektinomicina u kontekstu svinjskog ileitisa nisu jasno utvrđene.
English: From the data provided, it appears that within the lincomycin-spectinomycin combination only lincomycin is active against the primary causal agent of swine dysentery, the anaerobic spirochete B. hyodysenteriae, which is intrinsically resistant to spectinomycin.
Croatian: Na temelju dobivenih podataka čini se da je u primjeni kombinacije linkomicina i spektinomicina samo linkomicin djelotvoran protiv primarnog uzročnika svinjske dizenterije, anaerobne spirohete B. hyodysenteriae, koja je intrinzično rezistentna na spektinomicin.
English: The administration of the lincomycin and spectinomycin combination with the animal feed is currently recommended at relatively low doses and for prolonged periods (approximately 1 to 2.5 mg combined actives per kg bw (which is between 10% and 25% of the daily dose for powders for use in drinking water) for a relatively long period of 21 days).
Croatian: Primjena kombinacije linkomicina i spektinomicina u hrani za životinje trenutačno se preporučuje u razmjerno malim dozama i za primjenu u duljim razdobljima (otprilike 1 do 2,5 mg kombiniranih djelatnih tvari po kilogramu tjelesne težine (što je između 10 % i 25 % dnevne doze za praškove za primjenu u vodi za piće) tijekom razmjerno dugog razdoblja od 21 dana).
English: Extensive data are available in relation to the treatment of swine dysentery caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and associated enteric pathogens, and for the treatment of porcine proliferative enteropathy caused by Lawsonia intracellularis.
Croatian: Dostupna je opsežna količina podataka o liječenju svinjske dizenterije koju uzrokuje bakterija Brachyspira hyodysenteriae i povezanih crijevnih patogena te o liječenju svinjske proliferativne enteropatije koju uzrokuje bakterija Lawsonia intracellularis.
English: 2740-271 Porto Salvo
Croatian: Lagoas Park, Edifício 10 2740-271 Porto Salvo Portugal
English: In those studies the superiority of the combination over spectinomycin alone is not clearly established.
Croatian: U tim ispitivanjima nije jasno utvrđeno je li primjena kombinacije nadređena monoterapijskoj primjeni spektinomicina.
English: 1348 Louvain-laNeuve
Croatian: 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
English: • the CVMP considered that on the basis of the available data for powders for use in drinking water containing a combination of lincomycin and spectinomycin, the overall benefit-risk balance is positive and the product information should be amended as provided in Annex III.
Croatian: • CVMP je smatrao da je, na temelju dostupnih podataka za praškove za primjenu u vodi za piće koji sadrže kombinaciju linkomicina i spektinomicina, ukupni omjer koristi i rizika pozitivan te da je informacije o proizvodu potrebno izmijeniti kako je navedeno u Prilogu III.
English: Nonetheless, there are indications (from laboratory clinical studies) of clinical efficacy against E. coli located in and acquired via the respiratory tract, and against mycoplasmas, which are intracellular infections.
Croatian: Ipak, postoje naznake (na osnovi podataka iz laboratorijskih kliničkih ispitivanja) koje ukazuju na kliničku učinkovitost protiv bakterije E. coli koja se nalazi u dišnom sustavu i koja je putem njega unesena te protiv mikoplazmi koje su međustanične infekcije.
English: Therefore, the benefit-risk balance in relation to the use of the concerned class of products against swine dysentery caused by B. hyodysenteriae, is considered to be negative due to development of acquired resistance and high uncertainty about its impact in terms of in vivo efficacy.
Croatian: Stoga se smatra da je omjer koristi i rizika povezan s primjenom razreda proizvoda o kojem je riječ protiv svinjske dizenterije uzrokovane bakterijom B. hyodysenteriae negativan zbog razvoja stečene rezistencije i velike nesigurnosti u pogledu njegov< utjecaja u smislu in vivo učinkovitosti.
English: For the treatment and metaphylaxis of chronic respiratory disease (CRD) caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Escherichia coli susceptible to lincomycin and spectinomycin, and associated with a low mortality rate.
Croatian: Za liječenje i metafilaksu kronične respiratorne bolesti (CRD) uzrokovane bakterijama Mycoplasma gallisepticum i Escherichia coli koje su osjetljive na linkomicin i spektinomicin i povezane s niskom stopom smrtnosti.