FrancophonIA/ELRC3.0 huggingface dataset:
English: Considering the specific conditions when the products should be recommended, it should be noted that it was not possible to identify a specific target pathogen for zinc oxide and that the published literature supports only the use of zinc oxide in conditions of physiological diarrhoea of the post-weaning period in piglets.
Croatian: Uzimajući u obzir specifične uvjete kada bi se trebalo preporučiti ove proizvode, valja naglasiti da nije bilo moguće ustanoviti specifični ciljni patogen za cinkov oksid i da objavljeni literaturni podatci podupiru upotrebu cinkova oksida u prasadi samo u uvjetima fiziološkog proljeva u razdoblju nakon prestanka sisanja.
English: The CVMP acknowledges that a fraction of the zinc added in soil through manure applications will be taken up by plants and can be mineralised and be sequestrated in soil particles and is thus unavailable.
Croatian: CVMP prihvaća da će frakciju cinka dodanog tlu kroz primjenu gnojiva preuzeti biljke te se može mineralizirati i biti preuzeta u čestice tla i time postati nedostupna.
English: A risk was identified for all FOCUS sediment scenarios, at both loading rates and at each time point.
Croatian: Rizik je utvrđen u svim scenarijima FOCUS-a za sediment, i to u obje stope opterećenja i u svakoj vremenskoj točki.
English: Due to accumulation of zinc risks have been identified for all environmental compartments, either immediately (sediment, some soil and surface water types) or delayed (other soil types, ground-, and surface waters).
Croatian: Zbog akumulacije cinka rizici su utvrđeni za sve dijelove okoliša, bilo neposredni (sediment, neki tipovi tla i površinskih voda) ili odgođeni (drugi tipovi tla, podzemnih i površinskih voda).
English: Overall, of the bibliographic references provided by the marketing authorisation holders there were issues with the study designs that preclude support of 2500 ppm zinc oxide in feed for 14 days post-weaning as described in the approved indications.
Croatian: Ukupno, od bibliografskih referencija koje su dostavili nositelji odobrenja za stavljanje u promet bilo je problema s ustrojem ispitivanja koji isključuju potporu od 2500 ppm cinkova oksida u stočnoj hrani tijekom 14 dana nakon prestanka sisanja kako je opisano u odobrenim indikacijama.
English: The data showed that the use of pig slurry on soils has led to a significant increase in soil concentrations of zinc, especially in the latest period monitored (1998 to 2014).
Croatian: Podatci su pokazali da je upotreba svinjskog gnoja na tla dovela do značajnog porasta koncentracija cinka u tlu, osobito u najnovijem razdoblju praćenja (1998. do 2014.).
English: The study showed that feed to which 2.5% acid was added in combination with 2500 ppm zinc during the first 14 days post-weaning significantly reduced the prevalence of diarrhoea and the mortality of piglets.
Croatian: Ispitivanje je pokazalo da je hrana kojoj je dodano 2,5 % kiseline u kombinaciji s 2500 ppm cinka tijekom prvih 14 dana poslije prestanka sisanja, značajno smanjila prevalenciju proljeva i smrtnost prasadi.
English: Also, piglets are weaned between 3-4 weeks of age (i.e. 7-8 kg), but the claim for the aforementioned products is for pigs up to 40 kg bw.
Croatian: Također, prasad se odvikava od sisanja u dobi između 3 i 4 tjedna (tj. 7 - 8 kg), a prethodno spomenuti proizvodi odnose se na svinje do 40 kg tjelesne težine.
English: • the CVMP considered that risk mitigation measures will only dilute and not decrease the total zinc emission output to the environment, and thus it will only be a matter of time before risks are present in all compartments;
Croatian: • CVMP smatra da će mjere za smanjenje rizika samo razrijediti a ne i smanjiti ukupnu emisiju cinka u okoliš, pa tako će biti samo pitanje vremena kad će rizici postati prisutni u svim dijelovima okoliša;
English: At an earlier time (year 2020) a risk is identified for two of 15 surface water scenarios (acidic, sandy soils) and for all 15 sediment scenarios.
Croatian: Za vrijeme prije toga (2020. godina), rizik je identificiran za dva od 15 scenarija površinskih voda (kisela, pjeskovita tla) te za svih 15 scenarija sedimenta.
English: While the marketing authorisation holders acknowledge possible links between zinc oxide veterinary medicinal products to multi-resistant bacteria (e.g. LA-MRSA, E. coli) and the environment, the marketing authorisation holders regard that the benefits of their products outweigh the risks.
Croatian: Dok nositelji odobrenja za stavljanje u promet priznaju moguće veze između veterinarsko-medicinskih proizvoda koji sadrže cinkov oksid protiv multirezistentnih bakterija (npr. LA-MRSA, E. coli) i okoliša, nositelji odobrenja za stavljanje u promet smatraju da koristi njihovih proizvoda nadmašuju rizike.
English: In conclusion the combination of zinc oxide and sulfaguanidine is not justified.
Croatian: Kao zaključak, kombinacija cinkova oksida i sulfagvanidina nije opravdana.
English: Yet, for higher application rates than those reported using the IDMM (EFSA, 2012)20 extrapolation is required, and the relationship between the zinc loading rate and the PEC values calculated by the IDMM is not linear, which could question the validity of the extrapolated PECs at the highest zinc application rates.
Croatian: Pa ipak, u slučaju stopa primjene većih od onih zabilježenih na temelju upotrebe IDMM-a (EFSA, 2012.)20 potrebna je ekstrapolacija, a odnos između stope opterećenja cinkom i vrijednosti PEC-a izračunatih modelom IDMM nije linearan, što dovodi u pitanje valjanost ekstrapoliranih PEC-ova pri najvećim stopama primjene cinka.
English: They further state that their products contribute to achieving lower antimicrobial consumption in pigs, and that the identified risks will not be mitigated by removing veterinary medicinal products containing zinc oxide from the market.
Croatian: Nadalje, oni smatraju da njihovi proizvodi pridonose postizanju manje antimikrobne konzumacije u svinja te da identificirani rizici neće biti smanjeni uklanjanjem s tržišta veterinarsko-medicinskih proizvoda koji sadrže cinkov oksid.
English: Nonetheless, for each compartment, risks have been identified for some scenarios at each application rate investigated.
Croatian: Ipak, za svaki su dio okoliša rizici identificirani za neke scenarije pri svakoj istraženoj stopi primjene.
English: The marketing authorisation holder concludes that the amount of zinc oxide released to the environment from the use of these products in Germany is significantly lower than that from other concerned products, and below established annual loads allowed for environmental release of zinc in Germany.
Croatian: Nositelj odobrenja za stavljanje u promet zaključuje da je količina cinkova oksida oslobođena u okoliš od upotrebe tih proizvoda u Njemačkoj, značajno niža od one iz drugih razmatranih proizvoda te ispod utvrđenih godišnjih vrijednosti opterećenja od ispuštanje cinka u okoliš u Njemačkoj.
English: The marketing authorisation holder states that concerns for antimicrobial resistance related to high dose zinc oxide do not apply to their products, and most concerns are hypothetical.
Croatian: Nositelj odobrenja za stavljanje u promet navodi da se zabrinutost zbog antimikrobne rezistencije povezana s visokom dozom cinkova oksida ne odnosi na njihove proizvode, te da je većina razloga za zabrinutosti hipotetska.
English: The CVMP does not accept these arguments, where the marketing authorisation holder's products have the same proportional risk for selecting antimicrobial resistant bacteria as zinc oxide mono-products.
Croatian: CVMP ne prihvaća argumente kod kojih proizvodi nositelja odobrenja za stavljanje u promet imaju jednak proporcionalni rizik za selekciju antimikrobno rezistentne bakterije kao i proizvodi sa samo cinkovim oksidom.
English: The CVMP considered that the majority of risk assessments provided for concern products showed deficiencies in the fate models used.
Croatian: CVMP smatra da je većina procjena rizika za proizvode koji izazivaju zabrinutost pokazala nedostatke u primijenjenim modelima za sudbinu tvari u okolišu.
English: In order to better indicate the risks posed at application rates considered particularly relevant by the use of Gutal of 8.2 kg zinc ha-1 y-1, 7.2 kg zinc ha-1 a-1, 3.3 kg zinc ha-1 a-1 and 2.8 kg zinc ha-1 a-1, RQs have been extrapolated (linearly) from application rates of 4 and 7 kg zinc ha-1 a-1.
Croatian: Kako bi se bolje ukazalo na rizike koje predstavljaju stope primjene za koje se smatralo da su posebno važne na temelju primjene Gutala od 8,2 kg cinka ha-1 y-1, 7,2 kg cinka ha-1 a-1, 3,3 kg cinka ha-1 a-1 i 2,8 kg cinka ha-1 a-1 koeficijenti rizika su ekstrapolirani (linearno) iz stopa primjene od 4 i 7 kg cinka ha-1 a-1.
English: The use of zinc oxide may promote the selection of bacteria expressing zinc resistance.
Croatian: Upotreba cinkova oksida može poticati selekciju bakterije koja izražava rezistenciju cinku.
English: This Danish national monitoring study confirms the results obtained with the IDMM and CVMP guidelines that the use of veterinary medicinal products containing zinc oxide leads to a significant increase in the soil zinc concentrations (and such is ultimately reflected in water concentrations).
Croatian: Dansko nacionalno ispitivanje praćenja potvrđuje rezultate dobiveni prema smjernicama IDMM-a i CVMP-a koje navode da upotreba veterinarskomedicinskih proizvoda koji sadrže cinkov oksid dovodi do značajnog porasta koncentracija cinka u tlu (a to se u konačnici odražava u koncentracijama u vodi).
English: In conclusion, the combination of colistin and zinc oxide for the approved indication (metaphylaxis and treatment of gastrointestinal infections caused by non-invasive E. coli sensitive to colistin) for seven days duration of administration is not justified.
Croatian: Kao zaključak, kombinacija kolistina i cinkova oksida za odobrenu indikaciju (metafilaksa i liječenje gastrointestinalnih infekcija prouzročenih neinvazivnom E. coli osjetljive na kolistin) tijekom primjene od sedam dana nije opravdana.
English: It is believed that bioavailability of metals in sediment can be predicted by measuring the acid volatile sulphide (AVS) and the simultaneously extracted metal (SEM) contents of sediments.
Croatian: Smatra se da se bioraspoloživost metala u sedimentu može predvidjeti mjerenjem kiselinskog hlapivog sulfida (engl. acid volatile sulphide, AVS) i udjela istovremeno ekstrahiranog metala (SEM-a) u sedimentu.
English: WS13 7SE
Croatian: Staffordshire WS13 7SE
English: Other parameters affecting (lowering) zinc bioavailability in sediments are the presence of precipitated mineral phases, e.g. iron (oxy)hydroxides and manganese oxides, as well as the organic matter content in sediments.
Croatian: Drugi parametri koji utječu na (snižavanje) bioraspoloživosti cinka u sedimentima jesu prisutnost precipitiranih mineralnih faza, npr. željezovi (oksi)hidroksidi i magnezijevi oksidi, kao i udio organskih tvari u sedimentima.
English: Based on the totality of the data available, including the information submitted during the original assessment procedure and the detailed scientific grounds for re-examination put forward by the marketing authorisation holders, the CVMP concluded that there were not sufficient scientific grounds to revise its previous conclusions as included in its opinion of 8 December 2016, which concluded that the overall benefit-risk balance for the veterinary medicinal products containing zinc oxide to be administered orally to food producing species is negative.
Croatian: Na temelju ukupnosti dostupnih podataka, uključujući informacije dostavljene tijekom postupka prvobitne procjene i iznesenih detaljnih znanstvenih razloga za ponovnu procjenu koju provodi nositelj odobrenja za stavljanje u promet, CVMP je zaključio da nema dovoljno znanstvenih razloga da se revidira njihova prijašnja odluka kako je to uključeno u njihovo mišljenje od 8. prosinca 2016., kada je zaključeno da je ukupni omjer koristi i rizika za veterinarsko-medicinske lijekove koji sadrže cinkov oksid za peroralnu primjenu u životinja namijenjenih za proizvodnju hrane negativan.
English: In addition, it appears that zinc oxide is useful to reduce the incidence of post-weaning diarrhoea but not to treat diarrhoea and that it is not possible to clearly identify the mechanism of action of zinc oxide and thus any specific target.
Croatian: Osim toga, čini se da je cinkov oksid koristan za smanjenje pojave proljeva nakon prestanka sisanja ali ne i za liječenje proljeva, te da nije moguće jasno ustanoviti mehanizam djelovanja cinkova oksida, a time ni specifičan cilj.
English: The proposed indication of the combined product is for treatment, but no clinical data to support the use of zinc oxide in the treatment of diarrhoea (i.e. in presence of the disease at the initiation of zinc oxide administration - infection already confirmed in the herd) was available.
Croatian: Predložena indikacija kombiniranih proizvoda je za liječenje, ali nema kliničkih podataka koji bi potkrijepili upotrebu cinkova oksida za liječenje proljeva (tj. u prisutnosti bolesti na početku primjene cinkova oksida - infekcija je već bila potvrđena u stadu).
English: This trend of zinc accumulation on agricultural soils from the veterinary use of zinc oxide has been recently reported by Bak et al. (2015).
Croatian: Ovaj trend akumulacije cinka u poljoprivrednim tlima zbog veterinarske primjene cinkova oksida, nedavno je opisao Bak et al. (2015.).
English: The Committee accepts that, while there may be a benefit in monitoring the zinc oxide consumption as a veterinary medicine, a risk to the environment has been identified and, at this time, the risks are considered to outweigh the benefits for zinc oxide as a veterinary medicine.
Croatian: Odbor prihvaća da, iako može biti korisno pratiti potrošnju cinkova oksida kao veterinarskog lijeka, rizik za okoliš je utvrđen, i ovoga se trenutka smatra da rizici premašuju koristi od cinkova oksida kao veterinarskog lijeka.
English: However, this would just delay the total zinc accumulation in the environment (i.e. the time when PEC will exceed PNECs), but given the nature of zinc risk mitigation measures cannot guarantee that they can effectively eliminate short term (2020) risks identified in the risk assessment.
Croatian: Međutim, to bi samo odgodilo ukupnu akumulaciju cinka u okolišu (tj. vrijeme kada će PEC premašiti PNEC-ove), a uzimajući u obzir prirodu cinka, mjere za smanjenje rizika ne mogu jamčiti da će učinkovito eliminirati kratkoročne (2020.) rizike utvrđene u procjeni rizika.
English: Although this risk mitigation measure could be considered in line with the criteria set out by the CVMP reflection paper on risk mitigation measures (EMA/CVMP/ERAWP/409328/2010), the CVMP was of the view that, in practice, applying this risk mitigation measure will not be feasible where there may not be the possibility to apply treated manure on different areas of land or where there is trading of manure.
Croatian: Iako se mjere za smanjenje rizika mogu uzeti u obzir u skladu sa skupom kriterija koje je u svom mišljenju o mjerama za smanjenje rizika iznio CVMP (EMA/CVMP/ERAWP/409328/2010), gledište CVMP-a bilo je da u praksi, provedba tih mjera za smanjenje rizika neće biti izvediva tamo gdje možda neće postojati mogućnost nanošenja obrađenog gnojiva na različite površine zemlje ili gdje se gnojivom trguje.
English: • A risk of zinc to soil dwelling species is already present in clay soil; • A risk of zinc to soil dwelling species is already present in sandy soil.
Croatian: • rizik od cinka za vrste životinja koje žive u tlu već je prisutan u glinastom tlu, • rizik od cinka za vrste životinja koje žive u tlu već je prisutan u pjeskovitom tlu.
English: Although there were uncertainties in both PEC and PNEC calculations on environmental compartments, the overall risk assessment was viewed as conservative and as a result various risk mitigation measures were proposed, which were anticipated to reduce the accumulation of zinc in the environment.
Croatian: Iako je bilo nesigurnosti i u proračunima PEC-a i PNEC-a za dijelove okoliša, procjena sveukupnog rizika smatrala se konzervativnom, pa su kao rezultat predložene različite mjere za smanjenje rizika za koje se očekivalo da će smanjiti akumulaciju cinka u okolišu.
English: However, the study supports the line of evidence that the use of zinc oxide as a veterinary medicinal product in pig farming will lead to a gradual accumulation in agricultural soils, which will eventually not only exceed safe concentrations of zinc in soil, but also in sediment and water systems.
Croatian: Međutim, ispitivanje podupire liniju dokaza da će upotreba cinkova oksida kao veterinarsko-medicinskog proizvoda u farmskom uzgoju svinja dovesti do postupne akumulacije u poljoprivrednim tlima, što će naposljetku ne samo premašiti sigurne koncentracije cinka u tlu, nego i u sustavima sedimenta i vode.
English: The marketing authorisation holders presented an environmental risk assessment by: a) addressing measured soil concentrations of zinc in (Danish) soils - but not taking into consideration the contributing from the repeated (annual) load of zinc from non-aged pig slurry; and b) by combining two methods for incorporating bioavailability (the so called ‘added risk approach' together with the ‘bioavailability correction approach'), yet the combination of both is not supported by the CVMP.
Croatian: Nositelji odobrenja za stavljanje u promet opisali su procjenu rizika za okoliš: a) navodeći izmjerene koncentracije cinka u tlu (Danska), ali nisu uzeli u obzir doprinos od ponavljanog (godišnjeg) opterećenja cinka od gnoja svinja koje nisu stare, te b) kombinacijom dviju metoda za uključivanje bioraspoloživosti (tzv. „pristup dodanog rizika” zajedno s „pristupom korekcije bioraspoloživosti”).
English: This increase in zinc concentrations in soil and consequent risks identified for selected compartments is established in this assessment only considering exposure of zinc coming from veterinary products.
Croatian: Porast koncentracija cinka u tlu i posljedični rizici za odabrane dijelove okoliša, utvrđeni su u ovoj procjeni uzimajući u obzir samo izloženost cinku koji potječe iz veterinarskih proizvoda.
English: Scientific conclusions and grounds for the refusal of the marketing authorisation and for withdrawal of the existing marketing authorisations
Croatian: Znanstveni zaključci i razlozi za odbijanje izdavanja odobrenja za stavljanje VMP-a u promet te ukidanje postojećih odobrenja
English: Despite these uncertainties, and in the absence of a better alternative, it is considered that the IDMM can be used to gain a reasonable assessment of the risk to the environment posed by the use of Gutal or any other zinc containing veterinary product.
Croatian: Usprkos ovim nesigurnostima, te u odsutnosti bolje alternative, zaključeno je da se IDMM može koristiti kako bi se dobila razumna procjena rizika koju za okoliš predstavlja primjena Gutala ili nekog drugog veterinarskog proizvoda koji sadrži cink.
English: Effect assessment
Croatian: Procjena učinaka
English: The CVMP notes that after further considerations regarding the current EU rules and Good Agricultural Practice on manure spreading, and how the target animals are kept and how manure is be managed, the initially suggested risk mitigation measures would slow down the accumulation of zinc in each compartment.
Croatian: CVMP je uočio da bi nakon daljnjih razmatranja sadašnjih EU pravila i dobre poljoprivredne prakse za rasprostiranje gnojiva, kako se drže ciljane životinje i kako se postupa s gnojivom, inicijalno predložene mjere za smanjenje rizika usporile akumulaciju cinka u svakom dijelu okoliša.
English: s r.o.
Croatian: C, R.
English: In soil, properties such as pH, organic carbon content, cation exchange capacity, and clay content determine bioavailability in the terrestrial compartment.
Croatian: U tlu, svojstva poput pH, sadržaja organskog ugljika, kapaciteta izmjene kationa i udjela gline, utvrđuju bioraspoloživost u kopnenom dijelu okoliša.
English: Overall, it is apparent that the long-term, continual use of zinc-containing veterinary medicinal products will result in a gradual net input of zinc to the environment.
Croatian: Sve u svemu, očito je da će dugoročna, stalna uporaba veterinarsko-medicinskih proizvoda koji sadržavaju cink rezultirati postupnim neto unosom cinka u okoliš.
English: Although this is in line with the criteria set out by the CVMP reflection paper on risk mitigation measures, it might be difficult not only in instances where there may not be the possibility to apply treated manure on different areas of land, but also because of the trade on manure between EU Member States and possibility for manure containing high concentrations of zinc oxide being used in susceptible soil types.
Croatian: Iako je to u skladu s kriterijima koje je CVMP naveo u svom mišljenju o mjerama za smanjenje rizika, to može biti teško ne samo u slučajevima gdje možda ne postoji mogućnost nanošenja obrađenog gnojiva na različite površine tla, nego i zbog trgovanja gnojivom između država članica EU i mogućnosti da se na nekim osjetljivim tipovima tla primjenjuje gnojivo s visokim koncentracijama cinkova oksida.
English: There are a number of uncertainties associated with use of the IDMM for predicting the environmental exposure of zinc from use in veterinary medicinal products, such as the effects of hydrology, dissolved organic carbon and metal aging.
Croatian: Prisutan je niz nesigurnosti povezanih s primjenom IDMM-a za predviđanje izloženosti okoliša cinku primijenjenog u veterinarsko-medicinskim proizvodima, poput učinaka hidrologije, otopljenog organskog ugljika i starenja metala.
English: The CVMP recognises the importance of bioavailability when addressing toxicity of metals, and considers that while different models might take into consideration the bioavailable fraction of zinc oxide and conclude on a slight different timeframe for when (i.e., in which year) environmental risks are predicted to occur, none of the models support a prediction of no environmental risk from the use of zinc oxide as a veterinary medicinal product, nor that zinc in soil will not become bioavailable to soil, water or aquatic biota.
Croatian: CVMP prepoznaje važnost bioraspoloživosti kada se radi o toksičnosti metala i smatra da dok različiti modeli mogu uzeti u obzir bioraspoloživu frakciju cinkova oksida i zaključiti o neznatno drugačijem vremenskom okviru za to kada se (tj. koje godine) predviđa da će se dogoditi ti rizici u okolišu, nijedan od tih modela ne podupire predviđanje da upotreba cinkova oksida kao veterinarsko-medicinskog proizvoda neće predstavljati rizik za okoliš ili da cink u tlu neće postati bioraspoloživ u tlu, vodi ili vodenoj bioti.
English: • A risk of zinc to soil dwelling species will on average be reached in approximately 55 years in clay soils;
Croatian: • rizik od cinka za vrste životinja koje žive u tlu bit će u prosjeku dosegnut za približno 55 godina u glinastim tlima,
English: The czrC zinc resistance gene has been shown to occur on SCCmec of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and zinc use has been shown to result in co-selection for MRSA carrying this gene (Cavaco et al., 2010)24.
Croatian: Pokazalo se da se gen za rezistenciju cinku czrC javlja na SCCmec meticilin-rezistentnoj Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), i pokazalo se da upotreba cinka rezultira koselekcijom bakterije MRSA koja nosi taj gen (Cavaco et al., 2010.)24.
English: Moreover the data provided only concern separate use of colistin and zinc oxide and not the clinical use of the
Croatian: Štoviše, podatci su se bavili samo odvojenom upotrebom kolistina i cinkova oksida, a ne kliničkom upotrebom kombinacije.
English: No information was available to establish the duration of the effect after the end of zinc oxide administration.
Croatian: Nema dostupnih podataka kako bi se ustanovilo trajanje učinka poslije završetka primjene cinkova oksida.