FrancophonIA/ELRC3.0 huggingface dataset:
English: The overall incidence of adverse reactions reported with Kinzalkomb was comparable to those reported with telmisartan alone in randomised controlled trials involving 1471 patients randomised to receive telmisartan plus hydrochlorothiazide (835) or telmisartan alone (636).
Croatian: Ukupna incidencija nuspojava prijavljenih uz Kinzalkomb usporediva je s onima prijavljenima uz sami telmisartan u randomiziranim kontroliranim ispitivanjima koja uključuju 1471 bolesnika randomiziranih za dobivanje telmisartana plus hidroklorotiazid (835) ili samog telmisartana (636).
English: There are no adequate data from the use of Kinzalkomb in pregnant women.
Croatian: Ne postoje adekvatni podaci o primjeni Kinzalkomba kod trudnica.
English: Symptoms include acute onset of decreased visual acuity or ocular pain and typically occur within hours to weeks of drug initiation.
Croatian: Simptomi uključuju akutan nastup smanjene oštrine vida ili boli u očima, a karakteristično je da se pojavljuju unutar nekoliko sati do tjedana od početka primjene lijeka.
English: Thiazides in high doses causing intense diuresis can inhibit the milk production.
Croatian: Visoke doze tiazida koji izazivaju intenzivnu diurezu mogu inhibirati stvaranje mlijeka.
English: Kinzalkomb is not recommended during pregnancy, and must not be taken when more than 3 months pregnant, as it may cause serious harm to your baby if used after the third month of pregnancy.
Croatian: Kinzalkomb se ne preporučuje u trudnoći, te se ne smije primjenjivati kada ste trudni dulje od 3 mjeseca, jer može izazvati ozbiljno oštećenje bebe kada se primjenjuje nakon trećeg mjeseca trudnoće.
English: There was a trend towards higher plasma concentrations of hydrochlorothiazide in female than in male subjects.
Croatian: Postojao je trend prema većim koncentracijama hidroklorotiazida u plazmi kod žena nego kod muškaraca.
English: Reduction in blood platelets, which increases risk of bleeding or bruising (small purple-red marks in skin or other tissue caused by bleeding), high blood calcium level, headache.
Croatian: Smanjenje broja krvnih pločica, što povećava rizik od krvarenja ili stvaranja modrica (malih ljubičasto-crvenih mrlja na koži ili drugom tkivu uzrokovanih krvarenjem), visoka razina kalcija u krvi, glavobolja.
English: Adverse reactions reported in all clinical trials and occurring more frequently (p 0.05) with telmisartan plus hydrochlorothiazide than with placebo are shown below according to system organ class.
Croatian: Nuspojave prijavljene u svim kliničkim ispitivanjima i one koje se češće javljaju (p ≤ 0,05) pri kombinaciji telmisartan plus hidroklorotiazid nego uz placebo prikazane su u nastavku, klasificirane prema organskim sustavima.
English: Nondepolarizing skeletal muscle relaxants (e.g. tubocurarine) The effect of nondepolarizing skeletal muscle relaxants may be potentiated by hydrochlorothiazide.
Croatian: Nedepolarizirajući relaksansi skeletnog mišićja (npr. tubokurarin) Učinak nedepolarizirajućih relaksansa skeletnog mišićja može se potencirati hidroklorotiazidom.
English: Kinzalkomb is a combination of two active substances, telmisartan and hydrochlorothiazide in one tablet.
Croatian: Kinzalkomb je kombinacija dviju djelatnih tvari, telmisartana i hidroklorotiazida, u jednoj tableti.
English: Very rare side effects (may affect up to 1 in 10,000 people): Progressive scarring of lung tissue (interstitial lung disease) **
Croatian: Vrlo rijetke nuspojave (mogu se javiti u manje od 1 na 10 000 osoba): Progresivan nastanak ožiljaka u tkivu pluća (intersticijska bolest pluća)**
English: For the foetotoxic potential of the telmisartan/hydrochlorothiazide combination see section 4.6.
Croatian: U vezi s toksičnim potencijalom za fetus kombinacije telmisartan/hidroklorotiazid, vidjeti dio 4.6.
English: Based on the pharmacological mechanism of action of hydrochlorothiazide its use during the second and third trimester may compromise foeto-placental perfusion and may cause foetal and neonatal effects like icterus, disturbance of electrolyte balance and thrombocytopenia.
Croatian: Na osnovi farmakološkog mehanizma djelovanja hidroklorotiazida, njegova primjena tijekom drugog i trećeg tromjesečja može kompromitirati feto-placentalnu perfuziju, te može izazvati fetalne i neonatalne učinke poput ikterusa, poremećaja ravnoteže elektrolita i trombocitopenije.
English: In patients with hypertension telmisartan reduces both systolic and diastolic blood pressure without affecting pulse rate.
Croatian: Kod bolesnika s hipertenzijom telmisartan snižava i sistolički i dijastolički krvni tlak bez utjecaja na puls.
English: Hydrochlorothiazide should not be used for gestational oedema, gestational hypertension or preeclampsia due to the risk of decreased plasma volume and placental hypoperfusion, without a beneficial effect on the course of the disease.
Croatian: Hidroklorotiazid se ne smije primjenjivati u gestacijskom edemu, gestacijskoj hipertenziji, ili preeklampsiji zbog rizika od smanjenog volumena plazme i hipoperfuzije placente, bez korisnog učinka na tijek bolesti.
English: If this combination proves essential, careful monitoring of serum lithium level is recommended during concomitant use.
Croatian: Ako se ova kombinacija pokaže neophodnom, preporučuje se pažljivo praćenje serumskih vrijednosti litija tijekom istodobne primjene.
English: C-labelled telmisartan most of the administered dose (>97 %) was eliminated in faeces via biliary excretion.
Croatian: C označenog telmisartana, većina primijenjene doze (>97 %) eliminira se u fecesom putem bilijarne ekskrecije.
English: Muscle relaxing medicines, such as tubocurarine.
Croatian: Lijekovi za opuštanje mišića kao što je tubokurarin.
English: Increased incidence of sepsis has been observed with telmisartan only, however can not be ruled out for Kinzalkomb.
Croatian: Povećana učestalost sepse je zapažena samo uz telmisartan, ali ne može se isključiti za Kinzalkomb.
English: The incidence of dry cough was significantly lower in patients treated with telmisartan than in those given angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in clinical trials directly comparing the two antihypertensive treatments.
Croatian: Incidencija suhog kašlja bila je znatno niža kod bolesnika liječenih telmisartanom nego kod onih kojima su davani inhibitori enzima koji pretvara angiotenzin u kliničkim ispitivanjima koja izravno uspoređuju dva antihipertenzivna liječenja.
English: • Refractory hypokalaemia, hypercalcaemia.
Croatian: • Refraktorna hipokalemija, hiperkalcemija.
English: Kinzalkomb should be taken in patients whose blood pressure is not adequately controlled by telmisartan alone.
Croatian: Kinzalkomb namijenjen je bolesnicima čiji se krvni tlak ne može adekvatno kontrolirati samo telmisartanom.
English: In one study the co-administration of telmisartan and ramipril led to an increase of up to 2.5 fold in the AUC0-24 and Cmax of ramipril and ramiprilat.
Croatian: U jednom ispitivanju istodobna primjena telmisartana i ramiprila dovela je do povećanja, do 2,5 puta, u AUC0-24 i Cmax ramiprila i ramiprilata.
English: Total plasma clearance of telmisartan after oral administration is >1500 ml/min.
Croatian: Ukupni plazmatski klirens telmisartana nakon peroralne primjene je >1500 ml/min.
English: If any of the above applies to you, tell your doctor or pharmacist before taking Kinzalkomb.
Croatian: Ako se nešto od gore navedenog odnosi na Vas, obratite se liječniku ili ljekarniku prije nego počnete uzimati Kinzalkomb.
English: Possible side effects of Kinzalkomb:
Croatian: Moguće nuspojave Kinzalkomba:
English: Experience with Kinzalkomb is modest in the patients with mild to moderate renal impairment, therefore periodic monitoring of potassium, creatinine and uric acid serum levels is recommended.
Croatian: Iskustvo s Kinzalkombom je skromno kod bolesnika s blagim do umjerenim oštećenjem funkcije bubrega, stoga se preporučuje periodično praćenje serumskih vrijednosti kalija, kreatinina i mokraćne kiseline.
English: The risk of hypokalaemia is greater in patients with cirrhosis of liver, in patients experiencing brisk diuresis, in patients who are receiving inadequate oral intake of electrolytes and in patients receiving concomitant therapy with corticosteroids or Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) (see section 4.5).
Croatian: Rizik od hipokalemije veći je kod bolesnika s cirozom jetre, kod bolesnika koji su imali snažnu diurezu, te onih koji dobivaju neadekvatan oralni unos elektrolita i kod bolesnika koji su na istodobnom liječenju kortikosteroidima ili adrenokortikotropnim hormonom (ACTH) (vidjeti dio 4.5).
English: Therefore, it is not expected to potentiate bradykininmediated adverse effects.
Croatian: Stoga se ne očekuje potenciranje nuspojava posredovanih bradikininom.
English: Adverse reactions of unknown frequency reported with the use of hydrochlorothiazide alone include: Infections and infestations
Croatian: Nuspojave nepoznate učestalosti prijavljene uz primjenu samog hidroklorotiazida uključuju: Infekcije i infestacije Nepoznato:
English: If you forget to take Kinzalkomb
Croatian: Ako ste zaboravili uzeti Kinzalkomb
English: Therefore the use of a combination of telmisartan and ramipril is not recommended in this population.
Croatian: Stoga se ovoj populaciji ne preporučuje primjena kombinacije telmisartana i ramiprila.
English: Angiotensin II receptor antagonists should not be initiated during pregnancy.
Croatian: Primjena antagonista receptora angiotenzina II ne smije se započinjati u trudnoći.
English: Cough and angioedema were less frequently reported in patients treated with telmisartan than in patients treated with ramipril, whereas hypotension was more frequently reported with telmisartan.
Croatian: Kašalj i angioedem su bili rjeđe prijavljivani kod bolesnika liječenih telmisartanom nego kod bolesnika liječenih ramiprilom dok je hipotenzija bila češće prijavljivana uz telmisartan.
English: Telmisartan showed a similar effect to ramipril in reducing the primary composite endpoint of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, or hospitalization for congestive heart failure.
Croatian: Telmisartan je pokazao sličan učinak kao i ramipril u smanjenju primarnog kompozitnog ishoda od kardiovaskularne smrti, nefatalnog infarkata miokarda, nefatalnog moždanog udara, ili hospitalizacije zbog kongestivnog zatajenja srca.
English: Untreated acute angle-closure glaucoma can lead to permanent vision loss.
Croatian: Neliječeni akutni glaukom zatvorenog kuta može dovesti do trajnog gubitka vida.
English: Co-administration of lithium and Kinzalkomb is not recommended (see section 4.4).
Croatian: Istodobna primjena litija i Kinzalkomba se ne preporučuje (vidjeti dio 4.4).
English: Dosage adjustment of the antidiabetic medicinal products may be required (see section 4.4).
Croatian: Može biti potrebna prilagodba doze antidijabetičkih lijekova (vidjeti dio 4.4).
English: What Kinzalkomb looks like and contents of the pack
Croatian: Kako Kinzalkomb izgleda i sadržaj pakiranja
English: In preclinical studies, no effects of telmisartan and hydrochlorothiazide on male and female fertility were observed.
Croatian: U pretkliničkim ispitivanjima nisu primijećeni učinci telmisartana i hidroklorotiazida na mušku i žensku plodnost.
English: Hydrochlorothiazide, a sulfonamide, can cause an idiosyncratic reaction, resulting in acute transient myopia and acute angle-closure glaucoma.
Croatian: Hidroklorotiazid je sulfonamid, koji može izazvati idiosinkratičnu reakciju koja rezultira prolaznom akutnom miopijom i akutnim glaukomom zatvorenog kuta.
English: Telmisartan is metabolised by conjugation to form a pharmacologically inactive acylglucuronide.
Croatian: Telmisartan se metabolizira konjugacijom kako bi se formirao farmakološki neaktivni acilglukuronid.
English: If hypotension occurs, the patient should be placed in a supine position, with salt and volume replacements given quickly.
Croatian: Ako dođe do pojave hipotenzije, bolesnik se mora staviti u ležeći položaj, a nadoknada soli i volumena mora biti trenutna.
English: Metformin should be used with precaution: risk of lactic acidosis induced by a possible functional renal failure linked to hydrochlorothiazide.
Croatian: Metformin se mora primjenjivati s oprezom: rizik od laktacidoze induciran mogućim zatajenjem funkcije bubrega povezan je s hidroklorotiazidom.
English: If calcium supplements or calcium sparing medicinal products (e.g. vitamin D therapy) must be prescribed, serum calcium levels should be monitored and calcium dosage adjusted accordingly.
Croatian: Ako se moraju propisati nadomjesci kalcija ili lijekovi koji štede kalcij (npr. terapija vitaminom D), mora se pratiti serumske vrijednosti kalcija te u skladu s time prilagođavati doziranje kalcija.
English: Hypersensitivity reactions to hydrochlorothiazide may occur in patients with or without a history of allergy or bronchial asthma, but are more likely in patients with such a history.
Croatian: Reakcije preosjetljivosti na hidroklorotiazid mogu se pojaviti kod bolesnika s ili bez anamneze alergija ili bronhijalne astme, ali su izglednije kod bolesnika s takvom anamnezom.
English: Telmisartan displaces angiotensin II with very high affinity from its binding site at the AT1 receptor subtype, which is responsible for the known actions of angiotensin II.
Croatian: Telmisartan izmješta angiotenzin II s vrlo velikim afinitetom s njegova mjesta vezivanja na AT1 podtipu receptora, koji je odgovoran za poznata djelovanja angiotenzina II.
English: Thiazides have been shown to increase the urinary excretion of magnesium, which may result in hypomagnesaemia (see section 4.5).
Croatian: Pokazalo se da tiazidi povećavaju ekskreciju magnezija urinom što može rezultirati hipomagnezemijom (vidjeti dio 4.5).
English: The most commonly reported adverse reaction is dizziness.
Croatian: Najčešća prijavljena nuspojava je omaglica.
English: An 80 mg dose of telmisartan administered to healthy volunteers almost completely inhibits the angiotensin II evoked blood pressure increase.
Croatian: Doza od 80 mg telmisartana primijenjena u zdravih pojedinaca gotovo u potpunosti inhibira povišenje krvnog tlaka uzrokovano angiotenzinom II.
English: Reversible increases in serum lithium concentrations and toxicity have been reported during concomitant administration of lithium with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.
Croatian: Reverzibilno povećanje serumskih koncentracija litija i toksičnosti zabilježeno je tijekom istodobne primjene litija s inhibitorima enzima koji pretvara angiotenzin.
English: Very rare side effects (may affect up to 1 in 10,000 people): Increased pH (disturbed acid-base balance) due to low blood chloride level.
Croatian: Vrlo rijetke nuspojave (mogu se javiti u do 1 na 10 000 osoba): Povišen pH (poremećena acidobazna ravnoteža) zbog niske razine klorida u krvi.
English: Telmisartan belongs to a group of medicines called angiotensin II receptor antagonists.
Croatian: - Telmisartan pripada skupini lijekova koji se nazivaju antagonisti receptora angiotenzina II.
English: Overdose with hydrochlorothiazide is associated with electrolyte depletion (hypokalaemia, hypochloraemia) and hypovolaemia resulting from excessive diuresis.
Croatian: Predoziranje hidroklorotiazidom je povezano s deplecijom elektrolita (hipokalemija, hipokloremija) i hipovolemijom koja je rezultat prekomjerne diureze.
English: In a follow-up trial with the 80 mg/25 mg combination, blood pressure was further decreased (resulting in an overall reduction of 11.5/9.9 mm Hg (SBP/DBP).
Croatian: U ispitivanju praćenja (org. follow-up) s kombinacijom 80 mg/25 mg, krvni tlak se nastavio snižavati (što je rezultiralo ukupnim smanjenjem od 11,5/9,9 mm Hg (SKT/DKT).
English: Latent diabetes mellitus may become manifest during thiazide therapy.
Croatian: Latentni dijabetes melitus može se manifestirati tijekom terapije tiazidima.
English: Risk factors for developing acute angleclosure glaucoma may include a history of sulfonamide or penicillin allergy.
Croatian: Rizični faktori za razvoj akutnog glaukoma zatvorenog kuta mogu uključivati anamnezu alergije na sulfonamide ili penicilin.
English: Hydrochlorothiazide: Following oral administration of Kinzalkomb peak concentrations of hydrochlorothiazide are reached in approximately 1.0 - 3.0 hours after dosing.
Croatian: Hidroklorotiazid: Nakon peroralne primjene Kinzalkomba, vršne koncentracije hidroklorotiazida postižu se za oko 1,0-3,0 sati nakon doziranja.
English: These medicinal products may potentiate the effect of hydrochlorothiazide on serum potassium (see section 4.4).
Croatian: Ovi lijekovi mogu potencirati učinak hidroklorotiazida na serumski kalij (vidjeti dio 4.4).
English: Sorbitol and Lactose Monohydrate
Croatian: Sorbitol i laktoza hidrat
English: Telmisartan is an orally effective and specific angiotensin II receptor subtype 1 (AT1) antagonist.
Croatian: Telmisartan je oralno učinkovit i specifičan antagonist receptora podtipa 1 angiotenzina II (AT1).
English: Adverse reactions known to occur with each component given singly but which have not been seen in clinical trials may occur during treatment with Kinzalkomb.
Croatian: Nuspojave za koje se zna da se pojavljuju sa svakom komponentom zasebno, ali nisu bile primijećene u kliničkim ispitivanjima mogu se pojaviti tijekom liječenja Kinzalkombom.
English: No additional preclinical studies have been performed with the Fixed Dose Combination product 80 mg/25 mg.
Croatian: Nisu izvedene pretkliničke studije s fiksnom kombinacijom 80 mg/25 mg.
English: Absorption of hydrochlorothiazide is impaired in the presence of anionic exchange resins.
Croatian: Apsorpcija hidroklorotiazida narušava se prisustvom smola anionske izmjene.
English: There was no evidence for benefit on cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio 1.03, 95 % CI 0.85 - 1.24).
Croatian: Nije bilo dokaza pozitivnih učinaka na kardiovaskularnu smrtnost (omjer rizika 1,03, 95 % CI 0,85 - 1,24).
English: The diuretic action of hydrochlorothiazide reduces plasma volume, increases plasma renin activity, increases aldosterone secretion, with consequent increases in urinary potassium and bicarbonate loss, and decreases in serum potassium.
Croatian: Diuretsko djelovanje hidroklorotiazida smanjuje volumen plazme, povećava aktivnost renina u plazmi, povećava sekreciju aldosterona s posljedičnim povećanjem gubitka kalija i bikarbonata urinom, te smanjenjem kalija u serumu.
English: Infants whose mothers have taken angiotensin II receptor antagonists should be closely observed for hypotension (see sections 4.3 and 4.4).
Croatian: Dojenčad čije su majke uzimale antagoniste receptora angiotenzina II moraju se pažljivo promatrati radi hipotenzije (vidjeti dijelove 4.3 i 4.4).
English: Serum electrolytes and creatinine should be monitored frequently.
Croatian: Serumski elektroliti i kreatinin moraju se učestalo pratiti.
English: Based on available data from epidemiological studies, cumulative dose-dependent association between HCTZ and NMSC has been observed (see also sections 4.4 and 5.1).
Croatian: Na temelju dostupnih podataka iz epidemioloških ispitivanja, između hidroklorotiazida i NMSC-a primijećena je povezanost ovisna o kumulativnoj dozi (vidjeti također dijelove 4.4 i 5.1).
English: Thiazide diuretics may increase serum calcium levels due to the decreased excretion.
Croatian: Tiazidski diuretici mogu povećati razinu serumskog kalcija zahvaljujući smanjenoj ekskreciji.
English: The hazard ratio for telmisartan vs. ramipril was 1.01 (97.5 % CI 0.931.10, p (non-inferiority) = 0.0019 at a margin of 1.13).
Croatian: Omjer rizika za telmisartan naspram ramiprila bio je 1,01 (97,5 % CI 0,93 - 1,10, p (za neinferiornost) = 0,0019 na margini od 1,13).
English: The most prominent manifestations of telmisartan overdose were hypotension and tachycardia; bradycardia, dizziness, vomiting, increase in serum creatinine, and acute renal failure have also been reported.
Croatian: Najizraženije manifestacije predoziranja telmisartanom su hipotenzija i tahikardija; također su prijavljeni bradikardija, omaglica, povraćanje, povišene razine serumskog kreatinina i akutno zatajenje bubrega.
English: Thiazides should be used with caution in patients with impaired hepatic function (see section 4.4).
Croatian: Tiazidi se moraju primjenjivati s oprezom kod bolesnika s oštećenom jetrenom funkcijom (vidjeti dio 4.4).
English: Anorexia, appetite decreased, electrolyte imbalance, hypercholesterolaemia, hyperglycaemia, hypovolaemia.
Croatian: Anoreksija, smanjeni apetit, neravnoteža elektrolita, hiperkolesterolemija, hiperglikemija, hipovolemija.
English: Gastric lesions could be prevented/ameliorated by oral saline supplementation and group housing of animals.
Croatian: Gastrične lezije mogu se spriječiti/ublažiti oralnim nadomjescima soli i grupnim smještanjem životinja.
English: ** Cases of progressive scarring of lung tissue have been reported during intake of telmisartan.
Croatian: ** Slučajevi progresivnog nastanka ožiljaka u tkivu pluća prijavljeni su tijekom unosa telmisartana.
English: In case of surgery or anaesthetics, you should tell your doctor that you are taking Kinzalkomb.
Croatian: Ako trebate na operaciju ili primati anestetik, morate biti sigurni da Vaš liječnik zna da uzimate Kinzalkomb.
English: The antihypertensive efficacy of telmisartan is comparable to that of agents representative of other classes of antihypertensive medicinal products (demonstrated in clinical trials comparing telmisartan to amlodipine, atenolol, enalapril, hydrochlorothiazide, and lisinopril).
Croatian: Antihipertenzivna djelotvornost telmisartana usporediva je s djelotvornošću drugih lijekova koji spadaju u druge skupine antihipertenzivnih lijekova (pokazano u kliničkim studijama koje uspoređuju telmisartan s amlodipinom, atenololom, enalaprilom, hidroklorotiazidom i lizinoprilom).
English: Thiazides may decrease urinary calcium excretion and cause an intermittent and slight elevation of serum calcium in the absence of known disorders of calcium metabolism.
Croatian: Tiazidi mogu smanjiti ekskreciju kalcija urinom te izazvati povremeno i blago povišenje serumskog kalcija bez prisustva poznatih poremećaja u metabolizmu kalcija.
English: Thiazides may reduce the renal excretion of cytotoxic medicinal products and potentiate their myelosuppressive effects.
Croatian: Tiazidi mogu reducirati renalnu ekskreciju citotoksičnih lijekova i potencirati njihove mijelosupresivne učinke.
English: The active substances are telmisartan and hydrochlorothiazide.
Croatian: Djelatne tvari su telmisartan i hidroklorotiazid.
English: Furthermore, orthostatic hypotension may be aggravated by alcohol, barbiturates, narcotics or antidepressants.
Croatian: Nadalje, ortostatska hipotenzija može se pogoršati alkoholom, barbituratima, narkoticima, ili antidepresivima.
English: In dogs renal tubular dilation and atrophy were observed.
Croatian: Kod pasa su primijećeni renalna tubularna dilatacija i atrofija.
English: Medicinal products used in the treatment for gout (e.g. probenecid, sulfinpyrazone and allopurinol) Dosage adjustment of uricosuric medications may be necessary as hydrochlorothiazide may raise the level of serum uric acid.
Croatian: Lijekovi koji se primjenjuju u liječenju gihta (npr. probenecid, sulfinpirazon i alopurinol) Može biti potrebna prilagodba doze urikozuričnih lijekova s obzirom da hidroklorotiazid može povisiti razinu mokraćne kiseline u serumu.
English: Concomitant administration of hydrochlorothiazide and telmisartan does not appear to affect the pharmacokinetics of either substance in healthy subjects.
Croatian: Ne smatra se da istodobna primjena hidroklorotiazida i telmisartana utječe na farmakokinetiku jednog od njih kod zdravih osoba.
English: Although clinically significant hyperkalaemia has not been documented with Kinzalkomb, risk factors for the development of hyperkalaemia include renal insufficiency and/or heart failure, and diabetes mellitus.
Croatian: Iako klinički značajna hiperkalemija nije zabilježena uz Kinzalkomb, rizični faktori za razvoj hiperkalemije uključuju renalnu insuficijenciju i/ili zatajenje srca, te dijabetes melitus.