FrancophonIA/ELRC3.0 huggingface dataset:
English: Dexdor has major impact on the ability to drive and use machines.
Croatian: Dexdor ima velik utjecaj na sposobnost upravljanja vozilima i strojevima.
English: There is no experience in the use of Dexdor for more than 14 days.
Croatian: Nema iskustava s primjenom lijeka Dexdor u razdoblju dužem od 14 dana.
English: Before you have this medicine, tell your doctor or nurse if any of the following apply as Dexdor should be used cautiously:
Croatian: Prije no što primite ovaj lijek, obavijestite svog liječnika ili medicinsku sestru o bilo čemu od niže navedenog jer Dexdor treba upotrebljavati oprezno:
English: Non-clinical data reveal no special hazard for humans based on conventional studies of safety pharmacology, single and repeated dose toxicity and genotoxicity.
Croatian: Neklinički podaci ne ukazuju na poseban rizik za ljude na temelju konvencionalnih ispitivanja sigurnosne farmakologije, toksičnosti pojedinačnih i ponovljenih doza i genotoksičnosti.
English: No dose adjustment is normally required for elderly patients (see section 5.2).
Croatian: Prilagođavanje doze obično nije potrebno kod starijih bolesnika (vidjeti dio 5.2).
English: Clinically significant hypotension or bradycardia should be treated as described in section 4.4.
Croatian: Klinički značajne hipotenzija ili bradikardija trebaju se liječiti kako je opisano u dijelu 4.4.
English: Users should therefore be ready to use an alternative sedative for acute control of agitation or during procedures, especially during the first few hours of treatment.
Croatian: Korisnici stoga trebaju biti spremni na primjenu nekog drugog sedativa za akutnu kontrolu agitiranosti ili tijekom postupaka, naročito tijekom prvih nekoliko sati liječenja.
English: When used in an outpatient setting close monitoring should continue for at least one hour (or longer based on the patient condition), with medical supervision continued for at least one further hour to ensure the safety of the patient.
Croatian: Kada se upotrebljava u ambulantnim uvjetima, potreban je strog nadzor još najmanje jedan sat (ili dulje, ovisno o stanju bolesnika), uz dodatno medicinsko praćenje još najmanje jedan sat nakon toga da bi se osigurala sigurnost bolesnika.
English: The concentrate is a clear, colourless solution, pH 4.5 - 7.0
Croatian: Koncentrat je bistra, bezbojna otopina, pH 4,5 - 7,0
English: After sedation/wake-up
Croatian: Nakon sedacije/buđenja
English: The mean body weight associated with these Vss and Cl estimates was 69 kg.
Croatian: Srednja vrijednost tjelesne mase povezana s navedenim procjenama Vss-a i Cl-a bila je 69 kg.
English: Dexdor has been shown to be compatible when administered with the following intravenous fluids and medicinal products:
Croatian: Pokazalo se kako je Dexdor kompatibilan kada se primjenjuje sa sljedećim intravenskim tekućinama i lijekovima:
English: Elderly patients appear to have an increased risk for hypotension (see section 4.4) but the limited data available from procedural sedation do not suggest a clear dose dependency.
Croatian: Čini se da u starijih bolesnika postoji povećan rizik od hipotenzije (vidjeti dio 4.4), no ograničeni podaci dostupni za svjesnu sedaciju ne ukazuju na postojanje jasne ovisnosti o dozi.
English: Approximately 28% of the urinary metabolites are unidentified minor metabolites.
Croatian: Približno 28% urinarnih metabolita predstavljaju neodređeni metaboliti manjeg značaja.
English: The concentrate is a clear, colourless solution.
Croatian: Koncentrat je bistra, bezbojna otopina.
English: After you have been given Dexdor you must not drive, operate machinery, or work in dangerous situations until the effects are completely gone.
Croatian: Nakon primanja lijeka Dexdor ne smijete upravljati vozilima ni strojevima niti raditi u opasnim uvjetima sve dok njegovo djelovanje potpuno ne prestane.
English: It has a sympatholytic effect through decrease of the release of noradrenaline in sympathetic nerve endings.
Croatian: On izaziva simpatolitički učinak smanjivanjem otpuštanja noradrenalina u simpatičkim živčanim završecima.
English: - If you have any further questions, ask your doctor or nurse.
Croatian: − Ako imate dodatnih pitanja, obratite se liječniku ili medicinskoj sestri.
English: Total volume of infusion
Croatian: Ukupan volumen infuzije
English: The amount of Dexdor depends on your age, size, general condition of health, the level of sedation needed and how you respond to the medicine.
Croatian: Količina lijeka Dexdor ovisi o vašoj dobi, tjelesnoj veličini, općem zdravstvenom stanju, potrebnoj razini sedacije i vašim reakcijama na ovaj lijek.
English: The pharmacokinetic distribution half -life of Dexdor has been estimated to be around 6 min, which can be taken into consideration, together with the effects of other administered medications, when assessing the appropriate time needed for titration to desired clinical effect of Dexdor.
Croatian: Farmakokinetički poluvijek distribucije lijeka Dexdor procjenjuje se na približno 6 min, što se može uzeti u obzir, zajedno s učincima drugih primijenjenih lijekova, prilikom procjene odgovarajućeg vremena potrebnog za titraciju do željenog kliničkog učinka lijeka Dexdor.
English: Dexdor should not be used with medicines that cause temporary paralysis.
Croatian: Dexdor se ne smije koristiti zajedno s lijekovima koji uzrokuju privremenu paralizu.
English: Compared to both propofol and midazolam, patients were more easily roused, more cooperative and better able to communicate whether or not they had pain.
Croatian: U usporedbi i s propofolom i s midazolamom, bolesnike je bilo lakše probuditi, a bili su suradljiviji i komunikativniji bez obzira na to jesu li imali bolove ili nisu.
English: Plasma protein binding is constant over the concentration range of 0.85 to 85 ng/ml.
Croatian: Vezanje za proteine plazme konstantno je u rasponu koncentracija od 0,85 do 85 ng/ml.
English: Cardio-vascular effects and precautions
Croatian: Kardiovaskularni učinci i mjere opreza
English: Your doctor may change your dose if needed and will monitor your heart and blood pressure during the treatment.
Croatian: Liječnik vam može dozu promijeniti prema potrebi, a tijekom liječenja pratit će vaše srce i krvni tlak.
English: Data on the effects of Dexdor in patients with heart rate <60 are very limited and particular care should be taken with such patients.
Croatian: Podaci o učincima lijeka Dexdor u bolesnika sa srčanom frekvencijom <60 su vrlo ograničeni pa je kod takvih bolesnika potreban poseban oprez.
English: Resuscitation was required in isolated cases of severe overdose resulting in cardiac arrest.
Croatian: Reanimacija je bila potrebna u izoliranim slučajevima teškog predoziranja koja su dovela do srčanog zastoja.
English: Patients could be successfully extubated without stopping the Dexdor infusion.
Croatian: Bolesnike se moglo uspješno ekstubirati bez prekida infuzije lijeka Dexdor.
English: If not used immediately, in-use storage times and conditions prior to the use are the responsibility of the user and would not normally be longer than 24 hours at 2° to 8°C, unless dilution has taken place in controlled and validated aseptic conditions.
Croatian: Ako se ne upotrijebi odmah, vrijeme i uvjeti čuvanja prije upotrebe odgovornost su korisnika i obično ne bi smjeli iznositi dulje od 24 sata pri 2° do 8°C, osim ako je razrjeđivanje provedeno u kontroliranim i validiranim aseptičkim uvjetima.
English: A decision must be made whether to discontinue breastfeeding or to discontinue dexmedetomidine therapy taking into account the benefit of breastfeeding for the child and the benefit of therapy for the woman.
Croatian: Potrebno je odlučiti da li prekinuti dojenje ili prekinuti liječenje deksmedetomidinom uzimajući u obzir korist dojenja za dijete i korist liječenja za ženu.
English: What Dexdor is and what it is used for What you need to know before you are given Dexdor How to use Dexdor
Croatian: Što je Dexdor i za što se koristi Što morate znati prije nego počnete primati Dexdor Kako primjenjivati Dexdor
English: Expected effects are primarily cardiovascular and should be treated as clinically indicated (see section 4.4).
Croatian: Očekivani su učinci prvenstveno kardiovaskularni, a trebaju se liječiti prema kliničkim indikacijama (vidjeti dio 4.4).
English: Hypotension does not normally require specific treatment but, where needed, users should be ready to intervene with dose reduction, fluids and/or vasoconstrictors .
Croatian: Hipotenzija obično ne zahtijeva posebno liječenje ali, gdje je to potrebno, korisnici trebaju biti spremni intervenirati smanjivanjem doze, davanjem tekućina i/ili vazokonstriktora.
English: Dexmedetomidine is therefore not suitable in patients who will not tolerate this profile of effects, for example those requiring continuous deep sedation.
Croatian: Deksmedetomidin stoga nije prikladan za bolesnike koji ne toleriraju taj profil učinaka, primjerice one kojima je potrebna neprestana duboka sedacija.
English: In approximately 50% of cases, positive dechallenges were reported.
Croatian: U približno 50% slučajeva prijavljeni su pozitivni učinci prestanka uzimanja lijeka.
English: Data in new-born infants (28 - 44 weeks gestation) to children 17 years of age are limited.
Croatian: Podaci za novorođenčad (28 - 44 tjedna gestacije) do djece u dobi od 17 godina su ograničeni.
English: The time to recovery after the use of dexmedetomidine was reported to be approximately one hour.
Croatian: Zabilježeno vrijeme oporavka nakon upotrebe deksmedetomidina iznosi približno jedan sat.
English: Patients with neurological disorders
Croatian: Bolesnici s neurološkim poremećajima
English: Alpha-2 agonists have rarely been associated with withdrawal reactions when stopped abruptly after prolonged use.
Croatian: Alfa-2 agonisti rijetko su nakon nagla prekida dugotrajne upotrebe bili povezani s reakcijama ustezanja.
English: Adverse reactions are ranked under headings of frequency, the most frequent first, using the following convention: Very common (≥1/10); common (≥1/100 to <1/10); uncommon (≥1/1,000 to <1/100); rare (≥1/10,000 to <1/1,000), very rare (<1/10,000).
Croatian: Nuspojave su razvrstane prema sljedećim kriterijima učestalosti, pri čemu se prvo navode one najčešće: vrlo često (≥1/10); često (≥1/100 i <1/10); manje često (≥1/1000 i <1/100); rijetko
English: Dexmedetomidine half life in children (1 months to 17 years) appears similar to that seen in adults, but in new-born infants (under 1 month) it appears higher.
Croatian: Poluvijek deksmedetomidina u djece (1 mjesec do 17 godina) je sličan onome u odraslih, ali u novorođenčadi (mlađoj od 1 mjeseca) čini se dužim.
English: DATE OF FIRST AUTHORISATION/RENEWAL OF THE AUTHORISATION Date of first authorisation: 16 September 2011
Croatian: Datum prvog odobrenja: 16 rujna 2011
English: The oxygen saturation should be monitored by pulse oximetry.
Croatian: Za nadzor zasićenosti kisikom upotrebljava se pulsna oksimetrija.
English: Available data suggest that the formation of the oxidised metabolites is mediated by several CYP forms (CYP2A6, CYP1A2, CYP2E1, CYP2D6 and CYP2C19).
Croatian: Dostupni podaci govore kako se stvaranje oksidiranih metabolita posreduje s nekoliko oblika CYP-a (CYP2A6, CYP1A2, CYP2E1, CYP2D6 i CYP2C19).
English: Less than 1% of unchanged parent drug was recovered in the urine.
Croatian: U urinu je pronađeno manje od 1% neizmijenjena izvorna lijeka.
English: The rate of the maintenance infusion should be adjusted to achieve the targeted level of sedation.
Croatian: Brzinu infuzije održavanja potrebno je prilagoditi radi postizanja željene razine sedacije.
English: Dexmedetomidine reduces heart rate and blood pressure through central sympatholysis but at higher concentrations causes peripheral vasoconstriction leading to hypertension (see section 5.1).
Croatian: Deksmedetomidin snižava frekvenciju srca i krvni tlak kroz centralnu simpatikolizu, ali pri većim koncentracijama uzrokuje perifernu vazokonstrikciju što dovodi do hipertenzije (vidjeti dio 5.1).
English: Dexdor should be used immediately after dilution.
Croatian: Dexdor se mora upotrijebiti neposredno nakon razrjeđivanja.
English: Dexdor should not be used during pregnancy or breast-feeding unless clearly necessary.
Croatian: Dexdor se ne smije primjenjivati tijekom trudnoće ili dojenja osim ako to nije izrazito nužno.
English: Bradycardia does not normally require treatment, but has commonly responded to anti-cholinergic medicine or dose reduction where needed.
Croatian: Bradikardija obično ne zahtijeva poseban tretman, ali je obično reagirala na antikolinergične lijekove ili smanjenje doze kada je to bilo potrebno.
English: Local vasoconstriction at higher concentration may be of greater significance in patients with ischaemic heart disease or severe cerebrovascular disease who should be monitored closely.
Croatian: Lokalna vazokonstrikcija pri višim koncentracijama može biti od većeg značaja kod bolesnika s ishemijskom bolesti srca ili teškom cerebrovaskularnom bolesti pa njih treba strogo nadzirati.
English: This possibility should be considered if the patient develops agitation and hypertension shortly after stopping dexmedetomidine.
Croatian: Ta se mogućnost mora uzeti u obzir ako se kod bolesnika pojavi agitacija i hipertenzija ubrzo nakon prestanka davanja deksmedetomidina.
English: Dexmedetomidine is 94% bound to plasma proteins.
Croatian: Deksmedetomidin se 94% veže na proteine plazme.
English: No human data on fertility are available.
Croatian: Podaci o plodnosti ljudi nisu dostupni.
English: Treatment of hypertension has generally not been necessary but decreasing the continuous infusion rate may be advisable.
Croatian: Liječenje hipertenzije uglavnom nije nužno ali je možda preporučljivo smanjivati brzinu kontinuirane infuzije.
English: 200 micrograms/2 ml 400 micrograms/4 ml 1000 micrograms/10 ml
Croatian: 200 mikrograma/2 ml 400 mikrograma/4 ml 1000 mikrograma/10 ml
English: The mean t1/2 for the subjects with mild, moderate or severe hepatic impairment was prolonged to 3.9, 5.4, and 7.4 hours, respectively.
Croatian: Srednja vrijednost t1/2 kod osoba s blagim, umjereni ili teškim poremećajima rada jetre bila je povećana na 3,9; 5,4 odnosno 7,4 sati.
English: At high concentration hypertension may be more prominent than hypotension.
Croatian: Pri višim koncentracijama hipertenzija može biti izraženija od hipotenzije.
English: Following IV administration of radiolabeled dexmedetomidine an average 95% of radioactivity was recovered in the urine and 4% in the faeces after nine days.
Croatian: Nakon i.v. davanja radiooznačenog deksmedetomidina, prosječno je 95% radioaktivnosti nakon devet dana bilo pronađenu u urinu, a 4% u fecesu.
English: - A loading infusion of 1.0 microgram/kg over 10 minutes.
Croatian: - Infuzija udarne doze od 1,0 mikrograma/kg tijekom 10 minuta.
English: The possibility of enhanced hypotensive and bradycardic effects should be considered in patients receiving other medicinal products causing these effects, for example beta blockers, although additional effects in an interaction study with esmolol were modest.
Croatian: Mogućnost pojačanih hipotenzivnih i bradikardičnih učinaka treba uzeti u obzir kod bolesnika koji primaju druge lijekove koji uzrokuju takve učinke, primjerice beta blokatori, iako su dodatni učinci u ispitivanju interakcije s esmololom bili umjereni.
English: Approximately 50% of patients treated with dexmedetomidine did not require rescue addition of midazolam during a median treatment period of 20.3 hours, not exceeding 24 hours.
Croatian: Za približno 50% bolesnika liječenih deksmedetomidinom nije bilo potrebno dodavati midazolam tijekom medijana vremenskog razdoblja od 20,3 sata, niti preko 24 sata.
English: MARKETING AUTHORISATION NUMBER(S) EU/1/11/718/001-002, EU/1/11/718/004, EU/1/11/718/006-007
Croatian: BROJ(EVI) ODOBRENJA ZA STAVLJANJE LIJEKA U PROMET EU/1/11/718/001-002, EU/1/11/718/004, EU/1/11/718/006-007
English: Dexmedetomidine may induce hyperthermia that may be resistant to traditional cooling methods.
Croatian: Deksmedetomidin može izazvati hipertermiju koja može biti otporna na klasične metode hlađenja.
English: The maximum dose of 1.4 micrograms/kg/h should not be exceeded.
Croatian: Ne smije se prekoračiti maksimalna doza od 1,4 mikrograma/kg/h.
English: Dexmedetomidine is eliminated by extensive metabolism in the liver.
Croatian: Deksmedetomidin se eliminira opsežnim metabolizmom u jetri.
English: The symptoms responded to leg raising and anticholinergics such as atropine or glycopyrrolate.
Croatian: Simptomi su reagirali na podizanje nogu i antikolinergike poput atropina ili glikopirolata.
English: The safety and efficacy of dexmedetomidine for sedation of non-intubated patients prior to and/or during surgical and diagnostic procedures was evaluated in two randomised, double-blind, placebocontrolled multicentre clinical trials.
Croatian: Sigurnost i učinkovitost deksmedetomidina za sedaciju neintubiranih bolesnika prije i/ili tijekom kirurških i dijagnostičkih postupaka procijenjena je u dva randomizirana, dvostruko slijepa multicentrična klinička ispitivanja kontrolirana placebom.
English: The solution should be shaken gently to mix well.
Croatian: Otopinu treba nježno protresti kako bi se dobro promiješala.
English: The risk of insufficient sedation was increased in patients who were difficult to sedate with standard care immediately prior to switching.
Croatian: Rizik od nedovoljne razine sedacije bio je povećan kod bolesnika koje je prije prebacivanja bilo teško sedirati standardnim postupcima.
English: Specific studies have confirmed enhanced effects with isoflurane, propofol, alfentanil, and midazolam.
Croatian: Posebna su istraživanja potvrdila pojačane učinke za izofluran, propofol, alfentanil i midazolam.
English: Evidence of paediatric efficacy was seen in a dose-controlled ICU study in a largely post-operative population aged 1 month to ≤ 17 years.
Croatian: Podaci o pedijatrijskoj djelotvornosti dobiveni su u dozom kontroliranom ispitivanju u jedinici intenzivnog liječenja na većinom postoperativnoj populaciji u dobi od 1 mjeseca do ≤17 godina.
English: Please see below in tabulated form the volumes needed to prepare the infusion.
Croatian: U donjoj tablici pogledajte volumene potrebne za pripremu infuzije.
English: When Dexdor is administered for conscious sedation, patients should be continuously monitored by persons not involved in the conduct of the diagnostic or surgical procedure.
Croatian: Kada se Dexdor primjenjuje za svjesnu sedaciju, bolesnike moraju neprestano nadzirati osobe koje ne sudjeluju u provedbi dijagnostičkog ili kirurškog postupka.
English: Plasma clearance (Cl) has a mean estimated value of 0.46 to 0.73 l/h/kg (35.7 to 51.1 l/h).
Croatian: Plazmatski klirens (Cl) ima srednju procijenjenu vrijednost od 0,46 do 0,73 l/h/kg (35,7 do 51,1 l/h).
English: The pharmacokinetics of dexmedetomidine is linear in the dosing range from 0.2 to 1.4 µg/kg/h and it does not accumulate in treatments lasting up to 14 days.
Croatian: Farmakokinetički podaci za deksmedetomidin linearni su u rasponu doze od 0,2 do 1,4 µg/kg/h, a on se ne nakuplja kod liječenja koja traju do 14 dana.
English: If you have any further questions on the use of this medicine, ask your doctor.
Croatian: U slučaju bilo kakvih pitanja u vezi s primjenom ovoga lijeka, obratite se liječniku.
English: The MAH shall perform the required pharmacovigilance activities and interventions detailed in in the agreed RMP presented in Module 1.8.2 of the Marketing Authorisation and any agreed subsequent updates of the RMP.
Croatian: Nositelj odobrenja obavljat će zadane farmakovigilancijske aktivnosti i intervencije, detaljno objašnjene u dogovorenom Planu upravljanja rizikom (RMP), koji se nalazi u Modulu 1.8.2 Odobrenja za stavljanje lijeka u promet, te svim sljedećim dogovorenim ažuriranim verzijama RMP-a.
English: It is used to provide sedation (a state of calm, drowsiness or sleep) for adult patients in hospital intensive care settings or awake sedation during different diagnostic or surgical procedures.
Croatian: Upotrebljava se za sedaciju (stanje smirenosti, pospanosti ili sna) odraslih bolesnika u jedinicama intenzivnog liječenja ili za sedaciju u budnom stanju tijekom različitih dijagnostičkih ili kirurških postupaka.
English: Dexdor is not recommended for patient controlled sedation.
Croatian: Dexdor se ne preporučuje za sedaciju kojom upravlja bolesnik.
English: In cases of overdose with clinical symptoms, dexmedetomidine infusion should be reduced or stopped.
Croatian: U slučaju predoziranja koje dovede do kliničkih simptoma, infuzija deksmedetomidina treba se usporiti ili zaustaviti.
English: Compatibility studies have shown potential for adsorption of dexmedetomidine to some types of natural rubber.
Croatian: Ispitivanja kompatibilnosti pokazala su mogućnost adsorpcije deksmedetomidina na neke tipove prirodnih guma.
English: Hospital intensive care Dexdor is administered to you by a doctor or nurse in hospital intensive care.
Croatian: Bolnička intenzivna njega Dexdor vam daje liječnik ili medicinska sestra u bolničkoj jedinici intenzivnog liječenja.
English: Those patients who withdrew due to insufficient sedation were switched to either propofol or midazolam.
Croatian: Bolesnici kod kojih razina sedacije nije bila dovoljna prebačeni su ili na propofol ili midazolam.
English: What you need to know before you are given Dexdor
Croatian: Što morate znati prije nego počnete primati Dexdor
English: Dexmedetomidine may reduce cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressure and this should be considered when selecting therapy.
Croatian: Deksmedetomidin može smanjiti protok krvi u mozgu i sniziti intrakranijalni tlak pa to treba uzeti u obzir prilikom odabira terapije.
English: In the age groups 1 months to 6 years, body weight-adjusted plasma clearance appeared higher but decreased in older children.
Croatian: U dobnim skupinama 1 mjesec do 6 godina, plazmatski klirens usklađen s tjelesnom masom bio je viši, ali je kod starije djece snižen.
English: Body weightadjusted plasma clearance in new-born infants (under 1 month) appeared lower (0.9 l/h/kg) than in the older groups due to immaturity.
Croatian: Plazmatski klirens usklađen s tjelesnom masom u novorođenčadi (mlađe od 1 mjeseca) bio je niži (0,9 l/h/kg) nego u starijih skupina, zbog nezrelosti.
English: This alone should not be considered as evidence of lack of efficacy in the absence of other clinical signs and symptoms.
Croatian: Samo to, bez drugih kliničkih znakova i simptoma, ne bi trebalo smatrati dokazom nedostatne djelotvornosti.
English: Dexdor should not be used as a general anaesthetic induction agent for intubation or to provide sedation during muscle relaxant use.
Croatian: Dexdor se ne smije upotrijebiti kao sredstvo za indukciju opće anestezije radi intubacije ili za sedaciju tijekom primjene mišićnih relaksansa.
English: With higher doses, peripheral vasoconstricting effects prevail leading to an increase in systemic vascular resistance and blood pressure, while the bradycardic effect is further emphasised.
Croatian: Kod većih doza prevladavaju periferni vazokonstriktivni učinci koji dovode do povećanja sistemskog vaskularnog otpora i krvnoga tlaka, a uz to se dalje pojačava i bradikardijski učinak.
English: Do not use this medicine after the expiry date which is stated on the label and carton after EXP.
Croatian: Ovaj lijek se ne smije upotrijebiti nakon isteka roka valjanosti navedenog na naljepnici i kutiji iza oznake EXP/ „Rok valjanosti“.
English: You must not be given Dexdor
Croatian: Ne smijete primiti Dexdor
English: Dexdor should not be used during pregnancy unless the clinical condition of the woman requires treatment with dexmedetomidine.
Croatian: Dexdor se ne smije koristiti tijekom trudnoće, osim u slučajevima kada kliničko stanje žene zahtijeva liječenje deksmedetomidinom.
English: Ampoules and vials are intended for single patient use only.
Croatian: Ampule i bočice namijenjene su samo za primjenu u jednog bolesnika.
English: Very high temperatures had been reported in a small number of the case reports, and that anti-pyretic agents or/external cooling were not effective.
Croatian: U malom broju slučajeva prijavljena je pojava vrlo visoke temperature, kao i neučinkovitost antipiretika ili vanjskog rashlađivanja.