FrancophonIA/ELRC3.0 huggingface dataset:
English: For a medicinal product that is intended to protect patients at high CV risk, the data on Major Adverse Cardiac Event (MACE) during the phase 3 studies raise a safety concern.
Danish: For et lægemiddel, der er bestemt til at beskytte patienter med høj kardiovaskulær risiko, må dataene vedrørende større utilsigtede kardiale hændelser (MACE) i fase 3-undersøgelserne medføre sikkerhedsmæssig betænkelighed.
English: The CHMP concluded that such type of Marketing Authorisation could not be recommended in the present case as it does not fulfil the requirements of Article 14(8) of Regulation (EC) No 726/2004, in particular, as the applicant would be able to provide comprehensive data on the efficacy and safety under normal condition of use of Kynamro.
Danish: CHMP konkluderede, at en markedsføringstilladelse af denne type ikke kunne anbefales i dette tilfælde, da den ikke opfylder kravene i artikel 14, stk. 8, i forordning (EF) nr. 726/2004, herunder, at ansøgeren skal kunne forelægge fyldestgørende data om virkningen og sikkerheden af Kynamro under normale anvendelsesbetingelser.
English: While some patients might discontinue, patients remaining long-term are anticipated to receive benefit from substantial reductions in LDL-C.
Danish: Skønt nogle patienter måske vil falde fra, forventes de resterende langtidsbehandlede patienter at få gavn af en væsentlig reduktion af LDL-C.
English: The CHMP felt that this assumption would imply that the benefits of mipomersen treatment in HoFH patients would outweigh an unknown detrimental effect of this new substance.
Danish: CHMP mente, at denne antagelse forudsætter, at fordelene ved behandling med mipomersen for HoFH-patienter opvejer ukendte skadelige virkninger af dette nye stof.
English: Mipomersen is also associated with a high incidence of flu-like symptoms, effect on inflammatory markers and decrease on complement component C3.
Danish: Mipomersen er desuden forbundet med høj forekomst af influenzalignende symptomer, påvirkning af inflammatoriske markører og fald i komplement C3.
English: There is no proven relationship between mipomersen treatment and the occurrence of neoplasm, mainly due to the low incidence rate, lack of systematic evaluation during the studies, and the short timing after start of mipomersen, but uncertainties about the clinical relevance of these findings remain.
Danish: Der er ikke bevist en sammenhæng mellem behandling med mipomersen og neoplasmer, hovedsagelig på grund af den lave hyppighed, den manglende systematiske evaluering under undersøgelserne og den korte tid, der er forløbet efter start på mipomersen, men der tilbagestår usikkerhed omkring den kliniske relevans af disse resultater.
English: Furthermore, there is a potential risk of irreversibility of liver disease even if mipomersen-treatment is stopped.
Danish: Der er desuden potentiel risiko for irreversibel leversygdom, selv om mipomersen seponeres.
English: According to literature (e.g. as summarised in the AWMF guideline on the histopathology of non-alcoholic and alcoholic fatty liver disease; German Society of Pathology, 2009), the natural course of hepatic steatosis/non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in individual patients is not predictable; it is indicated that steatosis may progress to steatohepatitis/NASH in about 10-20% of cases, and of these less than 5% ultimately develop cirrhosis.
Danish: Ifølge litteraturen (f.eks. som sammenfattet i AWMF's retningslinjer for histopatologien af ikke-alkoholisk og alkoholisk fedtleversygdom (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Pathologie, 2009)) er det naturlige forløb af hepatisk steatose/ikkealkoholisk fedtleversygdom (NAFLD) hos den enkelte patient ikke forudsigeligt; det anføres, at i ca. 10-20 % af tilfældene kan steatose progrediere til ikke-alkoholisk steatohepatitis (NASH), af hvilke færre end 5 % i sidste instans udvikler cirrose.
English: The mipomersen safety database from the conducted clinical programme is limited considering the original target population that intends to include patients with HeFH, even if it is limited to severe cases, and raises serious safety concerns for the both patient groups.
Danish: Sikkerhedsdatabasen fra det kliniske program for mipomersen er begrænset i betragtning af, at den oprindelige målpopulation skulle omfatte patienter med HeFH, selv om den er begrænset til svære tilfælde, og dette giver anledning til alvorlige sikkerhedsmæssige betænkeligheder for begge patientgrupper.
English: The long-term benefit/risk of mipomersen remains undetermined, even if the indication is restricted to patients with HoFH.
Danish: Det langsigtede benefit/risk-forhold for mipomersen er fortsat ikke fastlagt, selv om indikationen indskrænkes til patienter med HoFH.
English: Following discussions at the Scientific Advisory Group (SAG) meeting in September 2012, the applicant restricted the indication to HoFH patients only, in which the lifetime exposure to extremely high low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels is responsible for CVS morbidity and early age mortality.
Danish: Efter drøftelserne i den videnskabelige og rådgivende gruppe (SAG) på dennes møde i september 2012 begrænsede ansøgeren indikationen til patienter med HoFH, hos hvem livslang eksponering for ekstremt høje niveauer af low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) medfører kardiovaskulær morbiditet og tidlig død.
English: Furthermore, the CHMP considered the input from the expert group meeting and noted that there was an agreement amongst the experts that the tolerability of mipomersen treatment was poor.
Danish: CHMP tog desuden hensyn til resultatet af ekspertgruppens møde og noterede sig, at eksperterne fandt tolerabiliteten af mipomersen dårlig.
English: Mipomersen is a drug that is intended for life-long administration; therefore further long-term data on hepatic safety in HoFH patients are essential before marketing authorisation could be granted.
Danish: Mipomersen er bestemt til livslang behandling; yderligere langsigtede data om den hepatiske sikkerhed hos HoFH-patienter er derfor afgørende for, om der kan udstedes markedsføringstilladelse.
English: With regard to ALT and AST elevations, results from the pooled phase 3 studies (mipomersen n=261, placebo n=129, including patients with HoFH and HeFH) are summarized.
Danish: For stigninger i ALT og AST er resultaterne sammenfattet fra de poolede fase 3undersøgelser (mipomersen n=261, placebo n=129, herunder patienter med HoFH og HeFH).
English: The applicant argues that the degree of LDL reduction observed with mipomersen treatment is expected to result in a potential reduction in coronary heart disease risk greater than 50%, which is based on meta-analyses of data from multiple studies (Baigent, 2010, the Lancet).
Danish: Ansøgeren hævder, at den iagttagne grad af reduktion af LDL ved behandling med mipomersen kan forventes at resultere i en potentiel reduktion af risikoen for koronar hjertesygdom på mere end 50 %, hvilket bygger på metaanalyser af data fra en række undersøgelser (Baigent, 2010, the Lancet).
English: • A statistically significant mean reduction in LDL-C of approximately 25% (absolute change -2.92mmol/L) in patients with HoFH already receiving maximally tolerated lipid-lowering therapy is highly relevant for this small group of patients with a high unmet medical need;
Danish: • En statistisk signifikant gennemsnitlig reduktion i LDL-C på ca. 25 % (absolut ændring -2,92 mmol/l) hos patienter med HoFH, som i forvejen får maksimalt tolereret dosis af lipidsænkende terapi, er yderst relevant for denne lille gruppe af patienter med et stort uopfyldt behandlingsbehov.
English: Approximately 70% of patients in the mipomersen groups of pivotal trials had at least a 15% decrease in LDL-C levels from baseline to PET in comparison with approximately 20% of patients in the placebo groups.
Danish: Ca. 70 % af patienterne i grupperne på mipomersen i hovedundersøgelserne opnåede en reduktion af LDL-C på mindst 15 % i forhold til baseline ved PET, mens dette var tilfældet hos ca. 20 % af patienterne i placebogrupperne.
English: Otherwise, additional studies to clarify the drug effect on these parameters are mandatory.” The issue of prospective planning for CVS safety outcome is even more specifically addressed in the recent Draft Guideline on Clinical Investigation of Medicinal Products in the Treatment of Lipid Disorders (EMA/CHMP/718840/2012).
Danish: Spørgsmålet om prospektiv planlægning med henblik på kardiovaskulært sikkerhedsudfald er endnu mere direkte omhandlet i det nye udkast til vejledning om klinisk undersøgelse af lægemidler til behandling af forstyrrelser i lipidstofskiftet ("Draft Guideline on Clinical Investigation of Medicinal Products in the Treatment of Lipid Disorders", EMA/CHMP/718840/2012).
English: This may not be the case for all patients and for patients with sustained increase of ALT or AST level the risk in terms of hepatic damage still remains unclear.
Danish: Dette gælder ikke nødvendigvis alle patienter, og ved vedholdende stigning i ALT eller AST er risikoen for leverskade fortsat uafklaret.
English: The studies proposed are poorly defined and it is questioned that these can solve the concerns of particular interest like CVS events/hepatic toxicity.
Danish: De foreslåede undersøgelser er ikke veldefinerede, og det er tvivlsomt, om de kan løse de problemer, der påkalder sig særlig interesse, såsom kardiovaskulære hændelser og levertoksicitet.
English: The indication originally proposed in the mipomersen MAA included both HoFH and severe HeFH.
Danish: Den oprindeligt ansøgte indikation for mipomersen omfattede både HoFH og HeFH.
English: Mipomersen reduces LDL level in a relevant manner, but in long term use might induce other changes in CV risk factors that could counteract such effect.
Danish: Mipomersen nedsætter LDL-niveauet på en relevant måde, men langsigtet anvendelse kan måske medføre andre ændringer i kardiovaskulære risikofaktorer, der modvirker dette.
English: Despite the fact that CVS events analyses were performed post hoc, the imbalance observed in the pivotal trials is worrisome.
Danish: Uanset at kardiovaskulære hændelser blev analyseret post hoc, er den iagttagne ubalance i hovedundersøgelserne foruroligende.
English: In absolute terms, it corresponds to a placebo-corrected reduction with mipomersen by -100 and -114 mg/dl in LDL-C at PET versus baseline, which may be considered of clinical relevance.
Danish: I absolutte enheder svarer det til en placebokorrigeret reduktion med mipomersen på -100 og -114 mg/dl i LDL-C ved PET i forhold til baseline, hvilket kan anses for klinisk relevant.
English: Retrospectively analysed CVS risk
Danish: Retrospektiv analyse af kardiovaskulær risiko
English: For 14 (5.4%) of these patients, dosing with mipomersen was stopped (stopping rules were ≥8 x ULN for AST/ALT on one occasion, ≥5 x ULN for AST/ALT over 7 days, or ≥3 x ULN for AST/ALT and elevated bilirubin).
Danish: Hos 14 (5,4 %) at disse patienter blev mipomersen seponeret (seponeringskriterierne var ≥8 x ULN for AST/ALT som enkeltmåling, ≥5 x ULN for AST/ALT over 7 dage, eller ≥3 x ULN for AST/ALT og forhøjet bilirubin).
English: The applicant has proposed a Patient Support Programme (a broad adherence support programme) to help address this concern.
Danish: Til imødekommelse af denne betænkelighed har ansøgeren foreslået et patientstøtteprogram (et bredt program til støtte for retention).
English: Indeed, an annual event rate of 6% has been described for a composite endpoint of non-fatal MI and cardiac death in a comparable population (Scandinavian-Simvastatin Survival Study Group, 1995, Lancet).
Danish: I en sammenlignelig population er således beskrevet en årlig hændelsesrate på 6 % for det sammensatte endepunkt ikke-fatalt myokardieinfarkt og kardial dødelighed (Scandinavian-Simvastatin Survival Study Group, 1995, Lancet).
English: Given that withdrawals are mainly due to intolerance, it is unlikely that retention rates may be improved in a less selected population in standard practice;
Danish: Da udtrædelserne hovedsagelig skyldes intolerans, er det usandsynligt, at retentionsraterne vil være bedre i en mindre begrænset population i sædvanlig praksis.
English: The CHMP also discussed whether a conditional Marketing Authorisation for the claimed restricted indication could be considered.
Danish: CHMP drøftede desuden, om en markedsføringstilladelse under særlige omstændigheder for den påberåbte begrænsede indikation kunne overvejes.
English: The CHMP noted that in two phase 3 studies (ISIS 301012-CS7 and ISIS 301012CS12) hepatic fat fraction was assessed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at baseline and Week 28 (or early termination):
Danish: CHMP bemærkede, at der i to fase 3-undersøgelser (ISIS 301012-CS7 og ISIS 301012-CS12) blev bestemt hepatisk fedtfraktion ved magnetisk resonansskanning (MRI) ved baseline og i uge 28 (eller ved udtrædelse før tid):
English: As liver biopsy was not performed on a regular basis in the mipomersen study programme, it is not clear whether a small or a significant proportion of patients with mipomersen-induced steatosis also had inflammatory changes and fibrosis, i.e. might develop steatohepatitis, which may not be reversible after stopping the treatment.
Danish: Da der ikke rutinemæssigt blev taget biopsi i undersøgelsesprogrammet for mipomersen, er det ikke klart, om en lille eller en væsentlig del af patienter med mipomerseninduceret steatose også havde inflammatoriske forandringer og fibrose og dermed mulighed for at udvikle steatohepatitis, som ikke nødvendigvis er reversibel efter seponering.
English: The applicant presents a comprehensive approach to risk management for liver effects, including hepatic transaminase monitoring, liver imaging to assess hepatic fat, and observations of clinical signs/symptoms of possible liver damage.
Danish: Ansøgeren fremlægger en omfattede risikostyringsstrategi for leverpåvirkning, herunder overvågning af levertransaminaser, billeddiagnostik af leveren til vurdering af hepatisk fedt og observationer af kliniske tegn/symptomer på mulig leverskade.
English: The applicant requested a re-examination of the CHMP's opinion for mipomersen, to re-assess the benefit/risk in the very rare Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolaemia (HoFH) population (estimated size in the European Union, 500 patients) with a high unmet medical need.
Danish: Ansøgeren anmodede om fornyet overvejelse af CHMP's udtalelse om mipomersen med henblik på en ny vurdering af benefit/risk-forholdet hos den meget sjældne population med homozygot familiær hyperkolesterolæmi (HoFH) (det anslåede antal patienter i EU er 500) med et stort uopfyldt behandlingsbehov.
English: Mipomersen treatment can cause liver enzyme elevations and hepatic steatosis and this may induce steatohepatitis.
Danish: Behandling med mipomersen kan medføre forhøjede leverenzymer og leversteatose, hvilket kan fremkalde steatohepatitis.
English: Numerical imbalance in CVS events
Danish: Numerisk ubalance i forekomst af kardiovaskulære hændelser
English: The withdrawal rate - even if “similar to that observed with statins and other lipidlowering therapies and with other approved SC injectable therapies studied in similar long-term studies” as claimed by the applicant - must be seen in the context of the identified safety concerns and the limited population studied.
Danish: Udtrædelsesraten - uanset om den "svarer til, hvad der er set med statiner og andre lipidsænkende midler og med andre subkutane injektionspræparater i tilsvarende langsigtede undersøgelser" som hævdet af ansøgeren - må ses i sammenhæng med de påpegede sikkerhedsbetænkeligheder og den begrænsede undersøgte population.
English: Kynamro is an apolipoprotein B (apo B) synthesis inhibitor indicated as an adjunct to maximally tolerated lipid-lowering medicines and diet to reduce low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) in adult patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HoFH).
Danish: Kynamro er en hæmmer af syntesen af apolipoprotein B (apoB) og er, som tillægsbehandling til maksimalt tolereret lipidsænkende medicinering og diæt, indiceret til mindskelse af low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) hos voksne patienter med homozygot familiær hyperkolesterolæmi (HoFH).
English: The CHMP also noted that the experts were not reassured that mipomersen is not conclusively linked to renal and CVS harm, and concluded that a >50% reduction in 5-year CHD risk as envisaged by the applicant for mipomersen treatment is purely hypothetical.
Danish: CHMP bemærkede desuden, at eksperterne ikke var overbevist om, at mipomersen ikke er konklusivt forbundet med renale og kardiovaskulære skader, og konkluderede, at den af ansøgeren forventede >50 % reduktion i femårig risiko for koronar hjertesygdom ved behandling med mipomersen er rent hypotetisk.
English: The applicant addressed the CHMP's concerns of liver and cardiovascular safety, tolerability and patient retention, as well as post-approval management plans, in light of the benefit/risk in the HoFH population, which the applicant believes is positive.
Danish: Ansøgeren gennemgik CHMP's betænkeligheder vedrørende hepatisk og kardiovaskulær sikkerhed, tolerabilitet og patientretention samt planer for forvaltning efter godkendelse i lys af benefit/risk-forholdet hos HoFH-populationen, som ansøgeren anser for at være positivt.
English: The crucial question is how to identify patients at particular risk of long term liver damage and whether persistent hepatotoxicity can evolve for some patients whose transaminases and increased liver fat fraction do not return to baseline after discontinuation of mipomersen treatment and who are thus at risk to develop progressive liver disease.
Danish: Det afgørende spørgsmål er, hvordan man udpeger patienter med særlig risiko for langsigtet leverskade, og om persisterende hepatotoksicitet kan udvikle sig hos visse patienter, hos hvem transaminaser og forhøjet leverfedtfraktion ikke vender tilbage til baseline efter seponering af mipomersen, og som derfor har risiko for at udvikle progressiv leversygdom.
English: There is a concern that this could progress to hepatic fibrosis and ultimately cirrhosis, over the course of several years still remained.
Danish: Der er fortsat bekymring for, at dette kan progrediere til leverfibrose og efter en årrække i sidste instans cirrose.
English: Overall, based on the assessment of the detailed grounds for re-examination submitted by the applicant, including the revised risk management proposals for monitoring of liver lipids and liver toxicity, and the revised restricted indication, as applied for by the applicant, the CHMP concluded that the benefit/risk of Kynamro remains unfavourable.
Danish: På grundlag af vurderingen af den af ansøgeren fremlagte detaljerede begrundelse for fornyet overvejelse, herunder de reviderede forslag til risikostyring gennem overvågning af leverlipider og levertoksicitet og den ansøgte reviderede indskrænkede indikation, var CHMP's overordnede konklusion, at benefit/riskforholdet for Kynamro fortsat er ugunstigt.
English: Of the 22 patients in the mipomersen-group with ALT levels ≥ 3 x ULN, 19 experienced decreases in ALT levels below 3 x ULN during continued treatment.
Danish: Af de 20 patienter i gruppen på mipomersen, der havde ALT ≥ 3 x ULN, fik de 19 et fald i ALT til under 3 x ULN ved fortsat behandling.
English: Given that withdrawals are mainly due to intolerance, it is unlikely that retention rates may be improved in clinical practice.
Danish: Da udtrædelserne hovedsagelig skyldes intolerans, vil retentionsraterne næppe være bedre i klinisk praksis.
English: As part of their discussions, the CHMP discussed whether a Marketing Authorisation under exceptional circumstances for Kynamro in the restricted claimed indication as presented by the applicant during the oral explanation could be considered.
Danish: CHMP's drøftede, om der kunne overvejes en markedsføringstilladelse under særlige omstændigheder for Kynamro til den begrænsede indikation, der blev påberåbt af ansøgeren ved den mundtlige fremlæggelse.
English: Importantly, steatosis is plausibly correlated with the effect on cholesterol levels, which introduces an additional doubt on the long-term sustainability of this therapy, particularly in those patients where the beneficial effect in the lipid profile is more marked.
Danish: Det må tillægges stor betydning, at steatosen sandsynligvis er korreleret med virkningen på kolesterolniveauet, hvilket sætter ekstra tvivl omkring behandlingens langsigtede bæredygtighed, navnlig hos patienter med mere markant gavnlig virkning på lipidprofilen.
English: The applicant claims that in the majority of patients ALT and AST levels stabilize or decrease even with continued treatment or they return to (near) baseline following discontinuation of mipomersen treatment.
Danish: Ansøgeren hævder, at ALT og AST hos de fleste patienter stabiliseres eller falder ved fortsat behandling eller vender (næsten) tilbage til baseline ved seponering af mipomersen.
English: A detrimental effect of mipomersen on CVS risk has not been shown but cannot be excluded since data are too limited.
Danish: Der er ikke påvist ugunstig virkning af mipomersen på kardiovaskulær risiko, men en sådan virkning kan ikke udelukkes, da dataene er for begrænsede.
English: Though considerable uncertainty remains, overall the analyses suggest an unfavourable effect of mipomersen treatment on several CVS risk factors.
Danish: Skønt der tilbagestår betydelig usikkerhed, peger analysen overordnet på, at mipomersen har ugunstig virkning på flere kardiovaskulære risikofaktorer.
English: With regard to ground 3, the CHMP concluded that the high withdrawal rate is not per se regarded as a sufficient reason to withhold approval of an effective treatment option in a population of very high CVS risk, but, on a population level, the low tolerability resulting in low treatment adherence will have a negative impact on the utility of a treatment intended for long-term/life-long use.
Danish: Vedrørende begrundelse 3 konkluderede CHMP, at den høje udtrædelsesrate ikke i sig selv anses for tilstrækkelig begrundelse for ikke at godkende en effektiv behandlingsmulighed hos en population med meget høj kardiovaskulær risiko, men at den lave tolerabilitet på populationsniveau vil medføre lav komplians og dermed begrænse værdien af en behandling, der er bestemt til langsigtet/livslang brug.
English: Within (maximal) 2 years of treatment almost 50% (18/38) of these HoFH patients withdrew from treatment due to AEs, mainly due to injection site reactions (ISRs), flu-like symptoms (FLS) and liver enzyme elevations.
Danish: Inden for (højst) to års behandling ophørte næsten 50 % (18/38) af disse HoFH-patienter med behandlingen på grund af bivirkninger, hovedsagelig reaktioner på injektionsstedet, influenzalignende symptomer og forhøjede leverenzymer.
English: • Effects of mipomersen on the liver (including increases in hepatic transaminases and hepatic fat) decrease or stabilize with continued treatment in most patients and return towards baseline when patients discontinue mipomersen treatment.
Danish: • Mipomersens effekter på leveren (herunder stigninger i levertransaminaser og hepatisk fedt) aftager eller stabiliseres ved fortsat behandling hos de fleste patienter og vender tilbage til baseline, når mipomersen seponeres.
English: To conclude on ground 2, the discussion provided by the applicant for the reexamination of Kynamro does not provide a new insight to the former CHMP assessment on mipomersen treatment and CVS risk.
Danish: Angående begrundelse 2 konkluderes det, at ansøgerens oplæg vedrørende fornyet overvejelse for Kynamro ikke bidrager med nye aspekter til CHMP's tidligere vurdering af den kardiovaskulære sikkerhedsrisiko ved behandling med mipomersen.
English: Considering that liver fat accumulation correlates with its effects on LDL, this hepatic effect is likely to appear in virtually all patients in whom the drug is exerting a significant effect.
Danish: Da fedtakkumuleringen i leveren korrelerer med stoffets virkninger på LDL, må denne effekt på leveren forventes at optræde hos stort set alle patienter, som lægemidlet har nævneværdig virkning hos.