FrancophonIA/ELRC3.0 huggingface dataset:
English: Exjade contains the active substance deferasirox.
Estonian: Exjade sisaldab toimeainena deferasiroksi.
English: The most common side effect with Exjade (which may affect more than 1 in 10 people) is increased blood creatinine (a marker of kidney problems).
Estonian: Exjade kõige sagedam kõrvalnäht (võib esineda enam kui 1 patsiendil 10st) on vere kreatiniinisisalduse suurenemine (neeruprobleemide marker).
English: Another study involved 184 patients who could not be treated with deferoxamine, including patients with beta thalassaemia major and with other types of anaemia.
Estonian: Teises uuringus osales 184 patsienti, keda ei saanud ravida deferoksamiiniga, sh suurema beetatalasseemiaga patsiendid ja muud tüüpi aneemiaga patsiendid.
English: How is Exjade used?
Estonian: Kuidas Exjadet kasutatakse?
English: In chronic iron overload due to blood transfusions, one main study compared Exjade with deferoxamine in 591 patients with beta thalassaemia major.
Estonian: Seoses vereülekannetest põhjustatud kroonilise raualiigsusega võrreldi Exjadet ühes põhiuuringus deferoksamiiniga (uuringus osales 591 suurema beetatalasseemiaga patsienti).
English: In a further main study involving 166 patients from 10 years of age (including 21 patients aged 10 to 18 years) with non-transfusion-dependent thalassaemia syndromes and iron overload, Exjade was more effective than placebo (a dummy treatment).
Estonian: Täiendavas põhiuuringus, milles osales 166 vereülekandest sõltumatute talasseemiasündroomide ja raualiigsusega vähemalt 10-aastast patsienti (21 patsienti olid 10-18-aastased), oli Exjade efektiivsem kui platseebo (näiv ravim).
English: This pack aims to inform them about the treatment recommendations with Exjade, including choosing the right dose, that the doses are different for dispersible tablets compared to film-coated tablets or granules, and the need to monitor the patient's health, especially kidney function.
Estonian: Selle eesmärk on teavitada neid Exjadega seotud ravisoovitustest, sh õige annuse valimisest, dispergeeruvate tablettide ja õhukese polümeerikattega tablettide või graanulite annuse erinevusest ja vajadusest jälgida patsiendi tervist, eelkõige neerufunktsiooni.
English: The company will also perform the following studies: a study on the long-term effects of the filmcoated tablets and dispersible tablets in children aged over 10 years with non-transfusion-dependent thalassaemia; and a study to assess the safety of the film-coated tablets (particularly when they are crushed) in children.
Estonian: Samuti korraldab ettevõte uuringu õhukese polümeerikattega tablettide ja dispergeeruvate tablettide pikaajalise toime kohta üle 10-aastastel vereülekandest sõltumatu talasseemiasündroomidega lastel ning uuringu, et hinnata õhukese polümeerikattega tablettide (eelkõige purustatuna) ohutust lastel.
English: The main measure of effectiveness was the change in iron levels in the liver after 12 months of treatment.
Estonian: Efektiivsuse põhinäitaja oli patsientide maksa rauasisalduse muutus 12 ravikuu järel.
English: What benefits of Exjade have been shown in studies?
Estonian: Milles seisneb uuringute põhjal Exjade kasulikkus?
English: However, in the 381 patients who had particularly high levels of iron at the beginning of the study and who received comparable amounts of Exjade and deferoxamine, the two medicines were as effective as each other.
Estonian: Exjade üldefektiivsus oli väiksem kui võrdlusravimil, kuid 381 patsiendil, kelle rauasisaldus oli uuringu algul eriti suur ning kes võtsid Exjadet ja deferoksamiini võrreldavas koguses, olid mõlemad ravimid sama efektiivsed.
English: The granules are sprinkled on soft food such as yogurt or apple sauce that the patient can eat.
Estonian: Graanulid puistatakse patsiendile söömiseks pehmele toidule, näiteks jogurtile või õunapüreele.
English: How does Exjade work?
Estonian: Kuidas Exjade toimib?
English: The iron level was reduced satisfactorily in 53% of the patients receiving Exjade, compared with 66% of the patients receiving deferoxamine.
Estonian: Patsiente, kelle rahasisaldus vähenes rahuldavalt, oli Exjade uuringurühmas 53% ja deferoksamiini rühmas 66%.
English: For the full list of side effects of Exjade, see the package leaflet.
Estonian: Exjade kõrvalnähtude täielik loetelu on pakendi infolehel.
English: The film-coated tablets are to be swallowed with water while the dispersible tablets are to be mixed with a liquid to make up a suspension that the patient can drink.
Estonian: Õhukese polümeerikattega tabletid tuleb alla neelata koos veega ning dispergeeruvad tabletid segada vedelikuga, et valmistada patsiendile joomiseks suspensioon.
English: Cases of metabolic acidosis (when the body produces more acid than it gets rid of) have been reported with Exjade, mostly in patients with kidney impairment.
Estonian: Exjade kasutamisel on teatatud metaboolse atsidoosi juhtudest (seisund, kus organismis tekib rohkem hapet kui eritub), enamasti neeruprobleemidega patsientidel.
English: Cases of kidney and liver failure have been reported with Exjade.
Estonian: Exjade kasutamisel on teatatud neeru- ja maksapuudulikkuse juhtudest.
English: It is available as film-coated tablets, dispersible tablets and granules.
Estonian: Exjadet turustatakse õhukese polümeerikattega tablettide, dispergeeruvate tablettide ja graanulitena.
English: The active substance in Exjade, deferasirox, is an ‘iron chelator'.
Estonian: Exjade toimeaine deferasiroks on rauda kelaativ aine.
English: The starting dose of Exjade depends on the patient's body weight, on which form of the medicine is being taken, what the medicine is used for, and on the level of iron overload.
Estonian: Exjade algannus sõltub patsiendi kehakaalust, ravimvormist, ravitavast seisundist ja raualiigsuse raskusastmest.
English: Exjade can only be obtained with a prescription and treatment should be started and supervised by a doctor who is experienced in the treatment of chronic iron overload.
Estonian: Ravi peab algama ja toimuma kroonilise raualiigsuse ravis kogenud arsti järelevalve all.
English: Exjade is a medicine used to treat chronic iron overload (an excess of iron in the body) in:
Estonian: Exjade on ravim, mida kasutatakse kroonilise raualiigsuse raviks järgmistel patsiendirühmadel:
English: • patients from 6 years of age who have beta thalassaemia major (an inherited blood disorder in which patients do not have enough normal haemoglobin in the blood) and who receive frequent blood transfusions;
Estonian: • vähemalt 6-aastased patsiendid, kellel on suurem beetatalasseemia (pärilik verehäire, mille korral ei ole veres piisavalt hemoglobiini) ja kes saavad sageli vereülekandeid;
English: An overview of Exjade and why it is authorised in the EU
Estonian: Ülevaade ravimist Exjade ja ELis müügiloa väljastamise põhjendus
English: Interruption of treatment with Exjade should be considered in patients who develop this condition.
Estonian: Patsientidel, kellel tekib see seisund, võib olla vaja ravi katkestada.
English: Kidney and liver tests should be done before starting treatment and at regular intervals during treatment with Exjade.
Estonian: Enne Exjade-ravi algust ja regulaarselt ravi ajal peab analüüsima patsiendi neeru- ja maksafunktsiooni.
English: Why is Exjade authorised in the EU?
Estonian: ELis Exjadele väljastatud müügiloa põhjendus
English: • patients from 2 years of age who suffer from other types of anaemia (low levels of haemoglobin in the blood) and who receive blood transfusions, when deferoxamine cannot be used or is inadequate;
Estonian: • muud tüüpi aneemiaga (vere hemoglobiinivaegus) vähemalt 2-aastased patsiendid, kes saavad vereülekandeid, kui ravi deferoksamiiniga on vastunäidustatud või ebapiisav;
English: The areas harmonised include:
Estonian: Ühtlustada tuleb järgmised osad:
English: What is Novantrone?
Estonian: Mis on Novantrone?
English: Novantrone is marketed in the following EU member states: Cyprus, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Romania, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden, as well as Iceland and Norway.
Estonian: Novantronet turustatakse järgmistes Euroopa Liidu liikmesriikides: Hispaania, Itaalia, Kreeka, Küpros, Prantsusmaa, Rootsi, Rumeenia, Saksamaa, Soome, Sloveenia, samuti Islandil ja Norras.
English: The company that markets these medicines is MEDA.
Estonian: Neid ravimeid turustab ettevõte MEDA.
English: The European Commission issued a decision on this opinion on 24/06/2016.
Estonian: Euroopa Komisjon tegi sellel arvamusel põhineva otsuse 24. juunil 2016.
English: A risk management plan will be developed to ensure that Novantrone is used as safely as possible.
Estonian: Töötati välja riskijuhtimiskava, et tagada Novantrone võimalikult ohutu kasutamine.
English: It is also available in the EU under the trade names Elsep and Ralenova.
Estonian: Novantronet turustatakse Euroopa Liidus ka nimetuste all Elsep ja Ralenova.
English: Why was Novantrone reviewed?
Estonian: Miks Novantrone ravimiteave uuesti läbi vaadati?
English: Novantrone has been authorised in the EU via national procedures.
Estonian: Novantrone on saanud Euroopa Liidus müügiloa riiklike menetluste kaudu.
English: On 28 April 2016, the European Medicines Agency completed a review of Novantrone.
Estonian: 28. aprillil 2016 lõpetas Euroopa Ravimiamet (EMA) Novantrone ravimiteabe läbivaatamise.
English: The Committee also harmonised other sections of the SmPC including sections 4.4 (special warnings and precautions for use), 4.5 (interactions), 4.6 (fertility, pregnancy and lactation), 4.7 (effects on ability to drive and use machines), 4.8 (side effects) and 5.1 (pharmacodynamic properties).
Estonian: Inimravimite komitee ühtlustas ka ravimi omaduste kokkuvõtte muud lõigud, sh lõigud 4.4 (erihoiatused ja ettevaatusabinõud kasutamisel), 4.5 (koostoimed), 4.6 (fertiilsus, rasedus ja imetamine), 4.7 (toime reaktsioonikiirusele), 4.8 (kõrvaltoimed) ning 5.1 (farmakodünaamilised omadused).
English: The company will prepare a survey for healthcare professionals to check how well these materials work.
Estonian: Ettevõte valmistab ette tervishoiutöötajate küsitlust, et uurida, kuidas abimaterjalid toimivad.
English: Patients will receive a guide to the risks and an alert card describing the signs and symptoms to watch out for.
Estonian: Patsientidele antakse juhised riskide kohta ning hoiatuskaart nähtude ja sümptomitega, mida tuleb jälgida.
English: • Relief of pain in patients with advanced prostate cancer;
Estonian: • valu leevendamine kaugelearenenud eesnäärmevähiga patsientidel;
English: The recommended dose of Novantrone and the duration of treatment depend on the disease it is used for, whether it is used in combination with other medicines, on the height and weight of the patient, and on the response to treatment.
Estonian: Novantrone soovitatud annus ja ravi kestus sõltuvad haigusest, mille korral seda kasutatakse, teistest samal ajal kasutatavatest ravimitest, patsiendi pikkusest ja kehamassist ning patsiendi ravivastusest.
English: • Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma;
Estonian: • mitte-Hodgkini lümfoom;
English: Daily doses vary from 6 to 14 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient's height and weight).
Estonian: Soovitatav annus on 6-14 mg kehapindala kohta (arvutatakse patsiendi pikkuse ja kehamassi järgi).
English: The educational materials will include a guide and checklist for healthcare professionals informing of the risks of cardiotoxicity (harm to the heart) and leukaemia with the medicine, and how patients should be monitored.
Estonian: Õppematerjal sisaldab tervishoiutöötajate juhist ja kontroll-loendit, milles teavitatakse ravimiga kaasnevatest kardiotoksilisuse (südamekahjustuse) ja leukeemia riskidest ning juhendatakse, kuidas patsiente jälgida.
English: On 1 October 2014, the European Commission referred the matter to the CHMP in order to harmonise the marketing authorisations for Novantrone in the EU.
Estonian: 1. oktoobril 2014 tegi Euroopa Komisjon inimravimite komiteele esildise Novantrone müügilubade ühtlustamiseks Euroopa Liidus.
English: • Highly active relapsing multiple sclerosis associated with rapidly evolving disability, in patients for whom no alternative treatments are available.
Estonian: • suure aktiivsusega retsidiveeruv hulgiskleroos, mida seostatakse kiiresti tekkiva invaliidsusega, kui muud raviviisid ei ole kättesaadavad.
English: Novantrone is a medicine that is used in the treatment of cancers including breast cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (a cancer of the lymphatic system, which is part of the immune system) and certain types of blood cancer, as well as pain caused by prostate cancer.
Estonian: Novantrone on ravim, mida kasutatakse vähi, sealhulgas rinnanäärmevähi, mitte-Hodgkini lümfoomi (immuunsüsteemi kuuluva lümfisüsteemi vähk) ja teatud tüüpi verevähkide raviks, samuti eesnäärmevähi põhjustatud valu korral.
English: Additionally, Novantrone must not be used for the treatment of multiple sclerosis in pregnant women.
Estonian: Novantronet ei tohi ka kasutada hulgiskleroosi raviks rasedatel.
English: • Metastatic breast cancer (breast cancer that has spread to other parts of the body);
Estonian: • metastaatiline rinnavähk (vähk on levinud organismis ka mujale);
English: The CHMP, in the light of the data submitted and the scientific discussion within the Committee, considered that the SmPCs, labelling and package leaflets should be harmonised across the EU.
Estonian: Esitatud andmete hindamise ja komitees toimunud teadusliku arutelu põhjal jõudis inimravimite komitee järeldusele, et ravimi omaduste kokkuvõtted, märgistused ja pakendi infolehed tuleb Euroopa Liidus ühtlustada.
English: The CHMP agreed that Novantrone can be used for the treatment of the following conditions:
Estonian: Inimravimite komitee leppis kokku, et Novantronet tohib kasutada järgmistel näidustustel:
English: It is also used to treat patients with worsening multiple sclerosis when no alternative treatments are available.
Estonian: Seda kasutatakse ka hulgiskleroosi süvenemise korral, kui muud raviviisid ei ole patsiendile kättesaadavad.
English: Novantrone contains the active substance mitoxantrone and it is available as a concentrate to be made into a solution for infusion (drip) into a vein.
Estonian: Novantrone sisaldab toimeainena mitoksantrooni ja seda turustatakse infusioonilahuse (veeni tilgutatava lahuse) kontsentraadina.
English: Therefore, to avoid potential serious side effects in breastfed infants, breastfeeding must be discontinued before starting treatment with Novantrone.
Estonian: Seega tuleb võimalike raskete kõrvalnähtude vältimiseks imikutel Novantronega tehtava ravi ajal imetamine lõpetada.
English: Mitoxantrone, the active substance in Novantrone, passes into breast milk and has been detected in breast milk for up to one month after the medicine was discontinued.
Estonian: Novantrone toimeaine mitoksantroon imendub rinnapiima ja seda on rinnapiimas tuvastatud kuni üks kuu pärast ravi lõppemist.
English: • ‘Blast crisis' in chronic myeloid leukaemia (the final, rapidly progressive stage of another type of cancer of white blood cells);
Estonian: • kroonilise müeloidse leukeemia „blastne kriis” (leukotsüütide teist tüüpi vähi kiirelt progresseeruv lõppstaadium);
English: The Agency's Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) concluded that there is a need to harmonise the prescribing information for Novantrone in the European Union (EU).
Estonian: Inimravimite komitee järeldas, et Novantrone määramise teave tuleb Euroopa Liidus ühtlustada.
English: Novantrone should only be given by infusion into a vein.
Estonian: Novantronet manustatakse ainult veeniinfusioonina.
English: The CHMP also agreed that Novantrone should no longer be approved for the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukaemia (a cancer of a different type of white blood cells) and liver cancer.
Estonian: Inimravimite komitee leppis kokku, et Novatronet ei tohi enam kasutada ägeda müeloidse leukeemia (teatud leukotsüütide vähk) ja maksavähi raviks.
English: • Acute myeloid leukaemia (cancer of a type of white blood cell called myeloid cells);
Estonian: • äge müeloidne leukeemia (teatud leukotsüütide (valgeliblede) müeloidrakkude vähk);
English: The CHMP also harmonised the recommendations on how to use Novantrone for the different indications.
Estonian: Peale näidustuste ühtlustas inimravimite komitee ka Novantrone kasutussoovitused.
English: As part of this plan, the company will provide educational materials about the use of Novantrone in patients with multiple sclerosis.
Estonian: Selle alusel lisati Novantrone omaduste kokkuvõttesse ja pakendi infolehele teave ravimi kasutamise kohta hulgiskleroosiga patsientidel.
English: This has led to divergences across Member States in the medicine's authorised uses, as seen in the differences in the summaries of product characteristics (SmPCs), labelling and package leaflets.
Estonian: Seetõttu on ravimi näidustused, ravimi omaduste kokkuvõtted, märgistused ja pakendi infolehed eri liikmesriikides erinevad.
English: Novantrone was identified as needing harmonisation by the Co-ordination Group for Mutual Recognition and Decentralised Procedures - Human (CMDh).
Estonian: Inimravimite vastastikuse tunnustamise ja detsentraliseeritud menetluste koordineerimisrühm nimetas Novantrone ühtlustamist vajavaks ravimiks.
English: MA (EU) number
Estonian: MA (EL) number
English: Pharmaceutical Form
Estonian: Ravimvorm Manustamisviis Kontaktpakend
English: Frequencies are defined as:
Estonian: Esinemissagedused on määratletud järgnevalt:
English: Nederland Focus Care Pharmaceuticals B.V.
Estonian: Focus Care Pharmaceuticals B.V.
English: Always take this medicine exactly as your doctor or pharmacist has told you.
Estonian: Kasutage seda ravimit alati täpselt nii, nagu nagu arst või apteeker on teile selgitanud.
English: One tablet should be taken once daily.
Estonian: Võtke üks tablett üks kord ööpäevas.
English: 14 tablets 28 tablets 30 tablets 56 tablets 60 tablets 90 tablets 98 tablets
Estonian: 14 tabletti 28 tabletti 30 tabletti 56 tabletti 60 tabletti 90 tabletti 98 tabletti
English: not known (frequency cannot be estimated from the available data) - increase in liver enzymes - allergic reactions
Estonian: teadmata (ei saa hinnata olemasolevate andmete alusel) - maksaensüümide sisalduse suurenemine - allergilised reaktsioonid
English: - This educational pack is aimed at strengthening awareness of important identified risks of bladder cancer and heart failure and the overall recommendations intended to optimise the benefit-risk margin at the patient level.
Estonian: - Selle õppematerjali eesmärk on tugevdada teadlikkust olulistest tuvastatud riskidest põievähi ja südamepuudulikkuse kohta ja üldisi soovitusi kavatsusega optimeerida kasu/riski suhet patsiendi tasandil.
English: Your doctor will check whether Pioglitazone Krka is working 3 to 6 months after you start taking it.
Estonian: Teie arst kontrollib, kas Pioglitazon Krka toimib 3 kuni 6 kuud pärast selle kasutama hakkamist.
English: - if you have had diabetic ketoacidosis (a complication of diabetes causing rapid weight loss,
Estonian: - Kui teil on olnud diabeetiline ketoatsidoos (diabeedi tüsistus, mis põhjustab kiiret kaalukaotust,
English: How to store Pioglitazone Krka Contents of the pack and other information
Estonian: Kuidas Pioglitazone Krka´t säilitada Pakendi sisu ja muu teave
English: Prior to distribution of the prescriber guide in each Member State, the MAH must agree the content and format of the educational material, together with a communication plan, with the national competent authority.
Estonian: Enne ravijuhendi levitamist igas liikmesriigis, peab müügiloa hoidja kooskõlastama rahvusliku pädeva asutusega õppematerjali sisu ja formaadi koos kommunikatsiooniplaaniga.
English: - The physician educational pack should contain: The Summary of Product Characteristics, package leaflet, and a Prescriber Guide.
Estonian: - Arsti õppematerjal peaks sisaldama: ravimiomaduste kokkuvõtet, pakendi infolehte ja ravijuhist.
English: Do not take Pioglitazone Krka: - if you are allergic to pioglitazone or any of the other ingredients of this medicine (listed in section 6).
Estonian: Ärge kasutage Pioglitazone Krka´t - kui olete pioglitasooni või selle ravimi mis tahes koostisosa(de) (loetletud lõigus 6) suhtes allergiline.
English: If ALT levels remain > 3 times the upper limit of normal, therapy should be discontinued.
Estonian: Kui ALT väärtused püsivad > 3 korda üle normäärtuse, tuleb ravi lõpetada.
English: Management Symptomatic and general supportive measures should be taken in case of overdose.
Estonian: Ravi Üleannustamise puhul tuleb rakendada sümptomaatilisi ja üldtoetavaid meetmeid.
English: Pioglitazone Krka with food and drink You may take your tablets with or without food.
Estonian: Pioglitazone Krka koos toidu ja joogiga Te võite tablette võtta söögiga või ilma söögita.
English: However, certain medicines are especially likely to affect the amount of sugar in your blood: - gemfibrozil (used to lower cholesterol) - rifampicin (used to treat tuberculosis and other infections) Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are taking any of these.
Estonian: Siiski võivad teatud ravimid tõenäolisemalt mõjutada veresuhkru taset teie veres: - gemfibrosiil (kasutatakse kolesterooli alandamiseks) - rifampitsiin (kasutatakse tuberkuloosi ja teiste infektsioonide raviks) Informeerige oma arsti, kui te kasutate mõnda neist.
English: Pharmacotherapeutic group: Drugs used in diabetes, blood glucose lowering drugs, excl. insulins; ATC code: A10BG03.
Estonian: Farmakoterapeutiline rühm: diabeediravimid, suukaudsed veresuhkru taset alandavad ravimid, v.a insuliin; ATC-kood: A10BG03.
English: - if you have or ever had bladder cancer.
Estonian: - kui teil on või on kunagi olnud põievähk.
English: If you take Pioglitazone Krka with other medicines for diabetes, it is more likely that your blood sugar could fall below the normal level (hypoglycaemia).
Estonian: Kui te võtate Pioglitazone Krka´t koos teiste diabeediravimitega, on tõenäolisem, et teie veresuhkru tase võib langeda alla normaalse taseme (hüpoglükeemia).
English: - Caution in use in the elderly in light of age related risks (in particular bladder cancer, fractures and heart failure).
Estonian: - Ettevaatus kasutamisel vanemaealistel vanusega seotud riskide tõttu (eriti põievähk, luumurrud ja südamepuudulikkus).
English: Blister packs (OPA/Al/PVC-Al foil): 14, 28, 30, 56, 60, 90 and 98 tablets in a box.
Estonian: Blisterpakendid (OPA/Al/PVC-Al foolium): 14, 28, 30, 56, 60, 90 ja 98 tabletti karbis.
English: - The risk of heart failure and relevant risk minimisation advice.
Estonian: - Südamepuudulikkuse risk ja asjakohased riski minimeerimise nõuanded.
English: The Prescriber Guide should highlight the following: - Patient selection criteria including that Pioglitazone should not be used as first line therapy and emphasising the need for regular review of treatment benefit.
Estonian: Ravijuhis peab rõhutama järgmist: - Patsiendi valikukriteeriumis, et pioglitasooni ei tohiks kasutada esmavaliku ravimina ja tuleks rõhutada vajadust regulaarselt läbi vaadata ravivastuse säilumine.
English: Pioglitazone has no or negligible influence on the ability to drive and use machines.
Estonian: Pioglitasoonil ei ole või on ebaoluline toime autojuhtimise ja masinate käsitsemise võimele.
English: very common (may affect more than 1 in 10 people) - decreased blood sugar (hypoglycaemia)
Estonian: väga sage (võivad esineda rohkem kui 1 inimesel 10-st) - veresuhkru alanemine (hüpoglükeemia)
English: Deutschland TAD Pharma GmbH
Estonian: Österreich KRKA Pharma GmbH, Wien
English: You can usually continue to take other medicines whilst you are being treated with Pioglitazone Krka.
Estonian: Reeglina te võite jätkata teiste ravimite kasutamist samal ajal, kui kasutate Pioglitazone Krka´t.
English: A 24month mechanistic study in male rats demonstrated that administration of pioglitazone resulted in an increased incidence of hyperplastic changes in the bladder.
Estonian: 24 kuu pikkune mehhaaniline uuring isastel rottidel näitas, et pioglitasooni manustamine põhjustas põie hüperplastiliste muutuste esinemissageduse tõusu.