FrancophonIA/ELRC3.0 huggingface dataset:
English: Though such liver disease could develop after long-term treatment, and thus patients could have experienced CVS benefit, hepatotoxicity could also develop as sequel to liver enzyme elevations following only short term treatment, even if patients are discontinued early.
Slovenian: Čeprav se tovrstno obolenje jeter razvije po dolgotrajnem zdravljenju, kar pomeni, da bi zdravilo lahko izkazalo kardiovaskularne koristi, se lahko hepatotoksičnost razvije tudi kot posledica povišanja jetrnih encimov po kratkotrajnem zdravljenju, četudi ga bolniki prekinejo zgodaj.
English: Withdrawal rate was similar in HoFH patients and in the full population of OLE CS6 (56%).
Slovenian: Stopnja prekinitve zdravljenja je bila podobna pri bolnikih s homozigotno družinsko hiperholesterolemijo in celotni populaciji v odprti podaljšani študiji CS6 (56 %).
English: The applicant requested a re-examination of the CHMP's opinion for mipomersen, to re-assess the benefit/risk in the very rare Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolaemia (HoFH) population (estimated size in the European Union, 500 patients) with a high unmet medical need.
Slovenian: Predlagatelj je zahteval ponovni pregled mnenja odbora CHMP o mipomersenu za ponovno oceno razmerja med tveganji in koristmi pri izredno majhni populaciji bolnikov s homozigotno družinsko hiperholesterolemijo (HoFH) (v Evropski uniji je približno 500 bolnikov), katerih zdravstvene potrebe večinoma niso zadovoljene.
English: Retrospectively analysed CVS risk
Slovenian: Retrospektivna analiza kardiovaskularnega tveganja
English: There was an association between the higher increases in hepatic fat content and greater percent reductions in apo B consistent with the mipomersen mechanism of action, suggesting a direct relationship between the degree of mipomersen lipidlowering effect and the degree of steatosis, which the CHMP considers to be a concern still not adequately addressed.
Slovenian: Opažena je bila povezava med večjim povišanjem vrednosti maščob v jetrih in višjim odstotkom znižanja ravni apolipoproteina B, ki ustreza mehanizmu delovanja mipomersena, kar kaže na neposredno povezavo med stopnjo znižanja ravni lipidov zaradi učinkov mipomersena in stopnjo steatoze, pri čemer CHMP meni, da gre za zaskrbljujočo ugotovitev, ki bi morala biti podrobneje obravnavana.
English: Finally, LDL reduction is only one mechanism affecting cardiovascular risk and as discussed above, no detrimental effect should be present that might counteract such improvements.
Slovenian: Poleg tega je znižanje holesterola LDL le eden od mehanizmov, ki vplivajo na kardiovaskularna tveganja, kot že omenjeno, pa škodljivi učinki, ki bi lahko izničili izboljšanje, niso dopustni.
English: The CHMP noted that in two phase 3 studies (ISIS 301012-CS7 and ISIS 301012CS12) hepatic fat fraction was assessed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at baseline and Week 28 (or early termination):
Slovenian: Odbor CHMP je upošteval, da so v dveh študijah 3. faze (ISIS 301012-CS7 in ISIS 301012-CS12) z magnetnim resonančnim slikanjem (MRS) ocenjevali jetrno maščobno frakcijo na začetku zdravljenja in po 28. tednih (ali ob predčasni prekinitvi zdravljenja):
English: The CHMP acknowledged that in a small population like that of HoFH patients, the collection of a large database is not likely; nevertheless the importance of monitoring the CVS safety data as stressed in this guidance still applies.
Slovenian: CHMP se je strinjal, da pri tako majhni populaciji, kot je populacija bolnikov s homozigotno družinsko hiperholesterolemijo, ni mogoče zbrati velike zbirke podatkov; kljub temu pa je treba spremljati podatke o kardiovaskularni varnosti, kot je navedeno v omenjenih smernicah.
English: In addition, complement activation was more pronounced in patients with antibody formation.
Slovenian: Poleg tega so pri bolnikih, pri katerih so se tvorila protitelesa, opazili izrazitejše aktiviranje komplementa.
English: The mipomersen safety database from the conducted clinical programme is limited considering the original target population that intends to include patients with HeFH, even if it is limited to severe cases, and raises serious safety concerns for the both patient groups.
Slovenian: Zbirka podatkov o varnosti mipomersena iz izvedenega kliničnega programa je omejena zaradi dejstva, da je prvotna ciljna populacija vključevala bolnike s heterozigotno družinsko hiperholesterolemijo, pa čeprav samo tiste s hudo obliko, zato obstaja resen dvom glede varnosti zdravila za obe skupini bolnikov.
English: Twenty two (15.6%) patients experienced increases in ALT and AST that met protocol-defined monitoring/safety rules for liver chemistry; for 8 (5.7%) of these patients, dosing with mipomersen was stopped.
Slovenian: Dvaindvajset (15,6 %) bolnikov je imelo povišane ravni ALT in AST, ki so izpolnile po protokolu določene kriterije spremljanja/varnosti kemičnih snovi v jetrih; pri 8 (5,7 %) od teh bolnikov so zdravljenje z mipomersenom prekinili.
English: Kynamro is an apolipoprotein B (apo B) synthesis inhibitor indicated as an adjunct to maximally tolerated lipid-lowering medicines and diet to reduce low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) in adult patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HoFH).
Slovenian: Zdravilo Kynamro je zaviralec sinteze apolipoproteina B, indicirano kot dopolnilo k največjim dovoljenim odmerkom zdravil za zniževanje ravni lipidov in dieti za zniževanje holesterola v lipoproteinih majhne gostote (LDL) pri odraslih bolnikih s homozigotno družinsko hiperholesterolemijo (HoFH).
English: Overall, based on the assessment of the detailed grounds for re-examination submitted by the applicant, including the revised risk management proposals for monitoring of liver lipids and liver toxicity, and the revised restricted indication, as applied for by the applicant, the CHMP concluded that the benefit/risk of Kynamro remains unfavourable.
Slovenian: Po preučitvi podrobnih razlogov za ponovni pregled mnenja, ki jih je predložil predlagatelj, vključno z dopolnjenimi predlogi za obvladovanje tveganja s spremljanjem lipidov v jetrih in toksičnosti za jetra, ter posodobljene omejene indikacije, ki jo je predlagal predlagatelj, je CHMP zaključil, da je razmerje med tveganji in koristmi za zdravilo Kynamro še vedno negativno.
English: Within (maximal) 2 years of treatment almost 50% (18/38) of these HoFH patients withdrew from treatment due to AEs, mainly due to injection site reactions (ISRs), flu-like symptoms (FLS) and liver enzyme elevations.
Slovenian: V (največ) dveh letih zdravljenja je skoraj 50 % (18/38) bolnikov s homozigotno družinsko hiperholesterolemijo prekinilo zdravljenje zaradi neželenih dogodkov, zlasti reakcij na mestu injiciranja, simptomov, podobnih gripi, in povišanja jetrnih encimov.
English: The long-term benefit/risk of mipomersen remains undetermined, even if the indication is restricted to patients with HoFH.
Slovenian: Dolgoročne koristi oziroma tveganja, povezana z mipomersenom, ostajajo neopredeljena, čeprav je indikacija omejena na bolnike s homozigotno družinsko hiperholesterolemijo.
English: The applicant presents a comprehensive approach to risk management for liver effects, including hepatic transaminase monitoring, liver imaging to assess hepatic fat, and observations of clinical signs/symptoms of possible liver damage.
Slovenian: Predlagatelj je predstavil celovit pristop k obvladovanju tveganj, povezanih z neželenimi učinki na jetra, vključno s spremljanjem jetrnih transaminaz, slikanjem jeter za oceno maščob v jetrih in opazovanjem kliničnih znakov/simptomov možne okvare jeter;
English: • CHMP ground 1: The long-term consequences of mipomersen-induced liver steatosis are of major concern and difficult to monitor in clinical practice through non-invasive tests;
Slovenian: • Razlog 1: Odbor CHMP je zaskrbljen predvsem zaradi dolgoročnih posledic jetrne steatoze, ki jo povzroča mipomersen, in dejstva, da jih je v klinični praksi težko spremljati z neinvazivnimi testi.
English: • The rates of discontinuation from mipomersen treatment (taking into account the patient's consented length of treatment) are similar to those observed with statins and other lipid-lowering therapies and with other approved SC injectable therapies studied in similar long-term studies, although, due to a lack of placebo control in the long-term extension study, the true adherence rate in this study is not possible to assess.
Slovenian: • stopnje prekinitve zdravljenja z mipomersenom (ob upoštevanju časa zdravljenja, v katerega je privolil bolnik) so podobne stopnjam, opaženim v podobnih dolgoročnih študijah zdravljenja s statini in drugimi zdravili za zniževanje ravni lipidov ter drugimi odobrenimi zdravili za injiciranje pod kožo, čeprav zaradi pomanjkljivega nadzora s placebom v tej dolgoročni podaljšani študiji ni mogoče oceniti dejanske stopnje vztrajanja pri zdravljenju.
English: Mipomersen is a drug that is intended for life-long administration; therefore further long-term data on hepatic safety in HoFH patients are essential before marketing authorisation could be granted.
Slovenian: Mipomersen je zdravilo, namenjeno za dolgotrajno uporabo; zato so pred odobritvijo dovoljenja za promet z njim nujno potrebni dodatni podatki o dolgoročni varnosti za jetra bolnikov s homozigotno družinsko hiperholesterolemijo.
English: Of the 22 patients in the mipomersen-group with ALT levels ≥ 3 x ULN, 19 experienced decreases in ALT levels below 3 x ULN during continued treatment.
Slovenian: Pri 19 od 22 bolnikov v skupini z mipomersenom, ki so imeli ravni ALT ≥ 3 x ULN, so med nadaljnjim zdravljenjem opazili znižanje ravni ALT pod 3 x ULN.
English: With regard to ground 3, the CHMP concluded that the high withdrawal rate is not per se regarded as a sufficient reason to withhold approval of an effective treatment option in a population of very high CVS risk, but, on a population level, the low tolerability resulting in low treatment adherence will have a negative impact on the utility of a treatment intended for long-term/life-long use.
Slovenian: Glede razloga 3 je odbor CHMP zaključil, da visoka stopnja prekinitve zdravljenja kot taka ni zadosten razlog za zavrnitev odobritve učinkovite možnosti zdravljenja za populacijo bolnikov z zelo visokim kardiovaskularnim tveganjem, vendar pa slabo prenašanje zdravila na ravni populacije in posledično nizka stopnja vztrajanja pri zdravljenju zmanjšujeta koristnost zdravila,
English: Importantly, steatosis is plausibly correlated with the effect on cholesterol levels, which introduces an additional doubt on the long-term sustainability of this therapy, particularly in those patients where the beneficial effect in the lipid profile is more marked.
Slovenian: Predvsem je z učinkom na zniževanje ravni holesterola verjetno tesno povezana steatoza, zaradi česar je še bolj vprašljiva možnost dolgoročnega zdravljenja s tem zdravilom, zlasti pri bolnikih, pri katerih so koristni učinki na raven lipidov v krvi najbolj opazni.
English: A detrimental effect of mipomersen on CVS risk has not been shown but cannot be excluded since data are too limited.
Slovenian: Neželeni učinek mipomersena na kardiovaskularne dejavnike tveganja ni dokazan, vendar ga zaradi omejenih podatkov ni mogoče izključiti.
English: The CHMP also noted that the experts were not reassured that mipomersen is not conclusively linked to renal and CVS harm, and concluded that a >50% reduction in 5-year CHD risk as envisaged by the applicant for mipomersen treatment is purely hypothetical.
Slovenian: CHMP je upošteval tudi, da strokovnjaki niso izključili možnosti povezave mipomersena z okvarami ledvic in kardiovaskularnimi dogodki, in zaključil, da je 50-odstotno zmanjšanje tveganja za koronarno bolezen srca v 5 letih zdravljenja z mipomersenom, ki ga je napovedal predlagatelj, zgolj hipoteza.
English: • Effects of mipomersen on the liver (including increases in hepatic transaminases and hepatic fat) decrease or stabilize with continued treatment in most patients and return towards baseline when patients discontinue mipomersen treatment.
Slovenian: • neželeni učinki mipomersena na jetra (vključno s porastom jetrnih transaminaz in maščob v jetrih) se pri večini bolnikov po daljšem zdravljenju zmanjšajo ali ustalijo in se po prekinitvi zdravljenja z mipomersenom vrnejo na izhodiščne vrednosti.
English: On the other hand, given the absence of events in the placebo arms of the combined pivotal phase 3 studies in patients at very high cardiovascular risk, the relatively small sample size and short study duration, this finding might also be attributed to a chance.
Slovenian: Na drugi strani pa je mogoče zaradi dejstva, da v združenih ključnih študijah 3. faze pri bolnikih z zelo visokim kardiovaskularnim tveganjem v skupini s placebom niso opazili tovrstnih dogodkov, srazmerno majhnega vzorca in kratkega trajanja študije, te ugotovitve pripisati tudi naključju.
English: Potential negative effects on cardiovascular risk factors may counteract the potential beneficial effect on CV outcome due to reduction in LDL-C.
Slovenian: Možni negativni učinki na kardiovaskularne dejavnike tveganja bi lahko odtehtali morebitne koristne učinke na kardiovaskularni sistem zaradi znižanja ravni holesterola LDL.
English: • Within the context of the small number of patients tested, the 6-month treatment time of placebo-controlled studies, and the 6-month follow-up time, final conclusions regarding CVS adverse effects as demonstrated in the clinical studies cannot be reached at this time; however, the results of analyses performed to date do not provide support for a difference in the rate of MACE between treatment groups.
Slovenian: • na podlagi majhnega števila testiranih bolnikov, 6-mesečnih s placebom nadzorovanih študij zdravljenja in 6-mesečnega nadaljnjega spremljanja ni mogoče podati dokončnih zaključkov glede kardiovaskularnih neželenih učinkov, opaženih v kliničnih študijah; na drugi strani z rezultati dosedanjih analiz ni mogoče utemeljiti različnih stopenj resnih neželenih srčnih dogodkov, opaženih v skupinah, ki so prejemale zdravljenje.
English: This may not be the case for all patients and for patients with sustained increase of ALT or AST level the risk in terms of hepatic damage still remains unclear.
Slovenian: Vendar se to ne zgodi pri vseh bolnikih in še vedno ni povsem jasno, kakšno je tveganje za okvaro jeter pri bolnikih s trajno povišanimi ravnmi ALT in AST.
English: No conclusive evidence was provided to support the assumption that mipomersen-induced liver steatosis, which is associated with its mechanism of action, has a benign course.
Slovenian: Predlagatelj ni predložil trdnih dokazov v podporo domnevi o neškodljivem poteku jetrne steatoze, ki jo povzroča mipomersen in je povezana z njegovim mehanizmom delovanja.
English: There is no known threshold at which hepatic steatosis or liver fat fraction results in inflammation and progressive liver disease, which renders the monitoring of onset of liver related adverse events difficult.
Slovenian: Mejna vrednost, pri kateri jetrna steatoza ali jetrna maščobna frakcija povzroči vnetje in napredovalo bolezen jeter, ni znana, zato je spremljanje pojava neželenih dogodkov, povezanih z jetri, oteženo.
English: A similar or even higher event rate might be expected for MACE (including acute myocardial infarction, stroke or CVA, unstable angina, PCI, and CABG) in a patient population such as the one enrolled in the pivotal phase 3 studies (HoFH and severe HeFH patients).
Slovenian: Podobna ali celo višja stopnja se lahko pričakuje za MACE (ki vključujejo akutni srčni infarkt, kap ali cerebrovaskularne dogodke (CVA), nestabilno angino pektoris, perkutano koronarno intervencijo (PCI) in kirurško premostitev koronarnih arterij (CABG)) pri populaciji bolnikov, vključenih v ključne študije 3. faze (bolniki s homozigotno družinsko hiperholesterolemijo in hudo heterozigotno družinsko hiperholesterolemijo).
English: In case of the pivotal study in HoFH patients (ISIS 301012-CS5) patients with a documented history of hepatic disease, liver cirrhosis, or liver steatosis were also excluded.
Slovenian: V ključni študiji pri bolnikih s homozigotno družinsko hiperholesterolemijo (ISIS 301012-CS5) so izločali tudi bolnike z dokumentirano boleznijo jeter, cirozo jeter ali steatozo v preteklosti.
English: Clinical studies have not been prospectively planned nor adjudicated for CVS safety outcomes so that only limited conclusions can be drawn from the presented data.
Slovenian: Klinične študije niso bile vnaprej zasnovane ali določene za spremljanje kardiovaskularne varnosti, tako da so na podlagi predloženih podatkov mogoči zgolj omejeni zaključki.
English: The crucial question is how to identify patients at particular risk of long term liver damage and whether persistent hepatotoxicity can evolve for some patients whose transaminases and increased liver fat fraction do not return to baseline after discontinuation of mipomersen treatment and who are thus at risk to develop progressive liver disease.
Slovenian: Ključno vprašanje je, kako opredeliti bolnike s posebnim tveganjem za dolgotrajno okvaro jeter in ali se lahko pri nekaterih bolnikih, pri katerih se povišane ravni transaminaz in maščob v jetrih po prekinitvi zdravljenja z mipomersenom ne vrnejo na izhodiščne vrednosti, razvije trajna hepatotoksičnost ter ki so torej bolniki, pri katerih obstaja tveganje za napredovalo bolezen jeter.
English: Mipomersen exhibits adverse effect on liver and other mechanisms of liver damage beyond fat accumulation cannot be excluded.
Slovenian: Mipomersen ima neželene učinke na jetra, prav tako pa ni mogoče izključiti drugih mehanizmov okvare jeter, ki se lahko pojavijo poleg kopičenja maščob.
English: CHMP position on ground 2:
Slovenian: Mnenje odbora CHMP o razlogu 2:
English: In the pivotal study in HoFH patients (ISIS 301012-CS5), hepatic fat was not routinely measured postbaseline, however, according to the applicant, there were 11 patients from CS5 with liver fat content assessment at baseline and at 12 months or longer on mipomersen treatment.
Slovenian: V ključni študiji pri bolnikih s homozigotno družinsko hiperholesterolemijo (ISIS 301012-CS5) po začetku študije niso redno merili maščob v jetrih, vendar so po zagotovilih predlagatelja pri 11 bolnikih iz študije CS5 izmerili količino maščob na začetku študije in po 12 mesecih zdravljenja z mipomersenom ali kasneje.
English: There is a concern that this could progress to hepatic fibrosis and ultimately cirrhosis, over the course of several years still remained.
Slovenian: Odbor je še vedno zaskrbljen, da bi se zato čez nekaj let lahko razvila jetrna fibroza in na koncu tudi ciroza.
English: The applicant addressed the CHMP's concerns of liver and cardiovascular safety, tolerability and patient retention, as well as post-approval management plans, in light of the benefit/risk in the HoFH population, which the applicant believes is positive.
Slovenian: Predlagatelj je obravnaval zadržke Odbora glede varnosti za jetra in kardiovaskularni sistem, prenašanja zdravila in stopenj prekinitve zdravljenja ter predstavil načrte za obvladovanje tveganja po pridobitvi dovoljenja z vidika razmerja med tveganji in koristmi pri populaciji bolnikov s homozigotno družinsko hiperholesterolemijo, za katerega predlagatelj meni, da je pozitivno.
English: CHMP position on ground 1
Slovenian: Mnenje odbora CHMP o razlogu 1
English: As part of their discussions, the CHMP discussed whether a Marketing Authorisation under exceptional circumstances for Kynamro in the restricted claimed indication as presented by the applicant during the oral explanation could be considered.
Slovenian: Kynamro v izjemnih okoliščinah za omejeno indikacijo, ki jo je med ustno obrazložitvijo navedel predlagatelj.
English: On the basis of the following grounds for the refusal of the Marketing Authorisation:
Slovenian: V nadaljevanju so navedeni razlogi za zavrnitev dovoljenja za promet z zdravilom.
English: However, based on data from pivotal studies and OLE CS6 study, withdrawal rates may be as high as 50%-70% at two years and mainly due to mipomersen treatment intolerability, thus, significantly decreasing the rate of patients that may benefit from the lipid-lowering effect of the drug in the long-term, which is considered a major concern.
Slovenian: Vendar pa podatki iz ključnih študij in odprte podaljšane študije CS6 kažejo, da je bila stopnja prekinitve zdravljenja, predvsem zaradi nezmožnosti prenašanja zdravila, po dveh letih kar od 50-70 %, kar pomeni znatno manjše število bolnikov, pri katerih bi zdravilo lahko izkazalo dolgoročni učinek na znižanje ravni lipidov, kar je zelo zaskrbljujoče.
English: These patients would not have experienced any CVS benefit.
Slovenian: Za te bolnike zdravilo nima nobenih kardiovaskularnih koristi.
English: It cannot be taken for granted that the proposed extrapolations apply, i.e. whether the observed LDL reduction in HoFH patients, starting from LDL levels at the upper end of the scale, will translate into equally large CVS risk reductions as claimed for statin treated broad hyperlipidaemic populations of different states of health.
Slovenian: Nemogoče je z gotovostjo potrditi relevantnost predlaganih ekstrapolacij, tj. ali bi znižanje holesterola LDL pri bolnikih s homozigotno družinsko hiperholesterolemijo, ki imajo na začetku močno povišane ravni holesterola LDL, pomenilo tudi enako zmanjšanje kardiovaskularnega tveganja, kot to velja pri široki populaciji bolnikov s hiperlipidemijo v različnih zdravstvenih stanjih, ki uporabljajo statine.
English: The pivotal studies with mipomersen have neither been prospectively planned nor adjudicated for CVS safety outcome and thus, only limited conclusions can be drawn from the presented data.
Slovenian: Ključne študije uporabe mipomersena niso bile vnaprej zasnovane ali določene za spremljanje kardiovaskularne varnosti, zato so na podlagi predloženih podatkov mogoči zgolj omejeni zaključki.
English: - 61.8% (63/102) of mipomersen treated patients with paired MRI studies experienced a ≥5% increase from baseline in hepatic fat.
Slovenian: - pri 61,8 % (63 od 102) bolnikov, ki so prejemali mipomersen in so jih spremljali z MRS, se je količina maščob v jetrih povečala za ≥ 5 % glede na izhodiščno vrednost.
English: Considering that liver fat accumulation correlates with its effects on LDL, this hepatic effect is likely to appear in virtually all patients in whom the drug is exerting a significant effect.
Slovenian: Ker obstaja povezava med kopičenjem maščob v jetrih in učinkom mipomersena na holesterol LDL, je verjetno, da bi se omenjeni neželeni učinki na jetra pokazali pri skoraj vseh bolnikih, pri katerih bi zdravilo imelo pomembne koristi.
English: For the individual patient, the worst case scenario could be that they might not obtain the potential benefit of mipomersen in terms of reduced CVS morbidity/mortality because they cannot tolerate long-term treatment, but might be harmed by progressive liver disease resulting from mipomersen-induced steatohepatitis.
Slovenian: Najslabši možen rezultat pri posameznem bolniku bi lahko bil, da zaradi nezmožnosti prenašanja dolgotrajnega zdravljenja ne bi mogel izkoristiti koristnih učinkov mipomersena na zmanjšanje kardiovaskularne obolevnosti/umrljivosti, bi pa razvil napredovalo bolezen jeter kot posledico steatohepatitisa, ki ga lahko povzroči mipomersen.
English: The benefits of mipomersen-induced reductions in LDL-C in this population, which is at great risk of premature death, are anticipated to be large (potentially greater than 50% risk reduction of CHD, based on meta-analysis of multiple clinical trials), in contrast to the known and hypothetical risks of treatment with mipomersen.
Slovenian: Koristi mipomersena pri zniževanju holesterola LDL pri zadevni populaciji z velikim tveganjem za prezgodnjo smrt bi lahko bile velike (glede na metaanalizo več kliničnih preskušanj obstaja verjetnost za več kot 50-odstotno zmanjšanje tveganja za koronarno bolezen srca) v primerjavi z znanimi in možnimi tveganji, povezanimi z mipomersenom.