FrancophonIA/ELRC3.0 huggingface dataset:
English: In monotherapy studies of sitagliptin 100 mg once daily alone compared to placebo, adverse reactions reported were headache, hypoglycaemia, constipation, and dizziness.
Croatian: U monoterapijskim ispitivanjima sitagliptina u dozi od 100 mg jedanput na dan u odnosu na placebo, prijavljene nuspojave bile su: glavobolja, hipoglikemija, konstipacija i omaglica.
English: In addition, patients should be alerted to the risk of hypoglycaemia when Ristfor is used in combination with a sulphonylurea or with insulin.
Croatian: Bolesnike također treba upozoriti da postoji rizik od razvoja hipoglikemije kad se Ristfor uzima u kombinaciji sa sulfonilurejom ili s inzulinom.
English: However, more patients in the sitagliptin group discontinued due to lack of efficacy than in the glipizide group.
Croatian: Međutim, zbog nedovoljne je djelotvornosti liječenje prekinulo više bolesnika u skupini na sitagliptinu nego u onoj na glipizidu.
English: Concomitant use of drugs that interfere with common renal tubular transport systems involved in the renal elimination of metformin (e.g., organic cationic transporter-2 [OCT2] / multidrug and toxin extrusion [MATE] inhibitors such as ranolazine, vandetanib, dolutegravir, and cimetidine) could increase systemic exposure to metformin and may increase the risk for lactic acidosis.
Croatian: Istodobna primjena lijekova koji ometaju zajedničke tubularne transportne sustave u bubrezima koji sudjeluju u eliminaciji metformina putem bubrega (npr., inhibitori transportera organskih kationa-2 [engl. organic cationic transporter-2, OCT2] / transportera za ekstruziju više lijekova i toksina [engl. multidrug and toxin extrusion, MATE] kao što su ranolazin, vandetanib, dolutegravir i cimetidin) može povećati sistemsku izloženost metforminu i rizik od laktacidoze.
English: However, ciclosporin, a p-glycoprotein inhibitor, did not reduce the renal clearance of sitagliptin.
Croatian: Međutim ciklosporin, inhibitor p-glikoproteina, nije smanjio bubrežni klirens sitagliptina.
English: Additional adverse reactions associated with metformin include metallic taste (common); lactic acidosis, liver function disorders, hepatitis, urticaria, erythema, and pruritus (very rare).
Croatian: Dodatne nuspojave povezane s metforminom uključuju metalni okus (često), laktacidozu, poremećaj funkcije jetre, hepatitis, urtikariju, eritem i svrbež (vrlo rijetko).
English: Paediatric No studies with sitagliptin have been performed in paediatric patients.
Croatian: Pedijatrijska populacija Nisu provedena ispitivanja sa sitagliptinom u pedijatrijskih bolesnika.
English: When this medicine is used with a sulphonylurea medicine or with insulin, low blood sugar can occur and your doctor may reduce the dose of your sulphonylurea or insulin.
Croatian: Međutim, kada se ovaj lijek uzima s lijekom sulfonilureja ili s inzulinom, može dovesti do niskog šećera u krvi i liječnik će možda trebati smanjiti dozu sulfonilureje ili inzulina.
English: Following administration of 0.25 mg digoxin concomitantly with 100 mg of sitagliptin daily for 10 days, the plasma AUC of digoxin was increased on average by 11 %, and the plasma Cmax on average by 18 %.
Croatian: Nakon istodobne primjene digoksina u dozi od 0,25 mg i sitagliptina u dozi od 100 mg na dan u trajanju od 10 dana, AUC digoksina u plazmi porastao je u prosjeku za 11%, a Cmax u plazmi za prosječno 18%.
English: The pharmacokinetics of sitagliptin were generally similar in healthy subjects and in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Croatian: Osobitosti u bolesnika Farmakokinetika sitagliptina u načelu je bila slična u zdravih osoba i u bolesnika s dijabetesom tipa 2.
English: After oral administration, metformin absorption is saturable and incomplete.
Croatian: Nakon peroralne primjene apsorpcija metformina je zasićena i nepotpuna.
English: It is not known whether sitagliptin is excreted in human milk.
Croatian: Nije poznato izlučuje li se sitagliptin u majčino mlijeko.
English: • certain medicines used to treat stomach problems such as cimetidine
Croatian: • neki lijekovi za liječenje želučanih tegoba, poput cimetidina
English: Intravascular administration of iodinated contrast agents may lead to contrast-induced nephropathy, resulting in metformin accumulation and an increased risk of lactic acidosis.
Croatian: Intravaskularna primjena jodiranih kontrastnih sredstava može dovesti do nefropatije izazvane kontrastom, što dovodi do nakupljanja metformina i povećanja rizika od laktacidoze.
English: As metformin and sitagliptin are excreted by the kidney, Ristfor should be used with caution as age increases.
Croatian: Budući da se metformin i sitagliptin izlučuju putem bubrega, s povećanjem životne dobi Ristfor treba primjenjivati uz oprez.
English: They work together to control blood sugar levels in adult patients with a form of diabetes called ‘type 2 diabetes mellitus'.
Croatian: Ova dva lijeka djeluju zajedno i reguliraju razine šećera u krvi u odraslih bolesnika s oblikom šećerne bolesti koja se zove "šećerna bolest tip 2".
English: Pharmacokinetic drug interaction studies with Ristfor have not been performed; however, such studies have been conducted with the individual active substances, sitagliptin and metformin.
Croatian: Nisu provedena farmakokinetička ispitivanja interakcija drugih lijekova s lijekom Ristfor; međutim, takva su ispitivanja provedena s djelatnim tvarima, sitagliptinom i metforminom, pojedinačno.
English: The apparent terminal t½ following a 100-mg oral dose of sitagliptin was approximately 12.4 hours.
Croatian: Prividni terminalni t1/2 sitagliptina nakon peroralne doze od 100 mg bio je oko 12,4 sata.
English: - hypersensitivity to the active substances or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1 (see sections 4.4 and 4.8); - any type of acute metabolic acidosis (such as lactic acidosis, diabetic ketoacidosis); - diabetic pre-coma; - severe renal failure (GFR< 30 mL/min) (see section 4.4); - acute conditions with the potential to alter renal function such as: dehydration, severe infection, shock, intravascular administration of iodinated contrast agents (see section 4.4); - acute or chronic disease which may cause tissue hypoxia such as: cardiac or respiratory failure, recent myocardial infarction, shock; - hepatic impairment; - acute alcohol intoxication, alcoholism; - breast-feeding.
Croatian: - preosjetljivih na djelatne tvari ili neku od pomoćnih tvari navedenih u dijelu 6.1 (vidjeti dijelove 4.4 i 4.8); - s bilo kojom vrstom akutne metaboličke acidoze (kao što je laktacidoza, dijabetička ketoacidoza); - s dijabetičkom pretkomom; - s teškim zatajenjem bubrega (GFR<30 ml/min) (vidjeti dio 4.4); - s akutnim stanjima koja mogu utjecati na funkciju bubrega kao što su: dehidracija, teška infekcija, šok, intravaskularna primjena kontrastnog sredstva koje sadrži jod (vidjeti dio 4.4); - s akutnom ili kroničnom bolešću koja može izazvati hipoksiju tkiva kao što su: zatajenje srca ili pluća, nedavni infarkt miokarda, šok; - s oštećenjem funkcije jetre; - s akutnim trovanjem alkoholom, alkoholizmom; - koji doje.
English: Do not take Ristfor: - if you are allergic to sitagliptin or metformin or any of the other ingredients of this medicine (listed in section 6) - if you have severely reduced kidney function - if you have uncontrolled diabetes, with e.g. severe hyperglycaemia (high blood glucose), nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, rapid weight loss, lactic acidosis (see “Risk of lactic acidosis” below) or ketoacidosis.
Croatian: Nemojte uzimati Ristfor: - ako ste alergični na sitagliptin ili metformin ili neki drugi sastojak ovog lijeka (naveden u dijelu 6.) - ako imate jako smanjenu funkciju bubrega - ako imate nekontroliranu šećernu bolest uz, primjerice, tešku hiperglikemiju (visoka razina glukoze u krvi), mučninu, povraćanje, proljev, brz gubitak tjelesne težine, laktacidozu (vidjeti "Rizik od laktacidoze" niže) ili ketoacidozu.
English: Frequency not known: kidney problems (sometimes requiring dialysis), vomiting, joint pain, muscle pain, back pain, interstitial lung disease, bullous pemphigoid (a type of skin blister)
Croatian: Nepoznata učestalost: problemi s bubrezima (ponekad zahtijevaju dijalizu), povraćanje, bol u zglobovima, bol u mišićima, bol u leđima, intersticijska bolest pluća, bulozni pemfigoid (vrsta mjehurića na koži)
English: Capsule-shaped, pink film-coated tablet with “515” debossed on one side.
Croatian: Ružičasta filmom obložena tableta u obliku kapsule, s utisnutom oznakom "515" s jedne strane.
English: Patients receiving Ristfor in combination with a sulphonylurea or with insulin may be at risk for hypoglycaemia.
Croatian: Bolesnici koji Ristfor primaju u kombinaciji sa sulfonilurejom ili s inzulinom mogu biti izloženi riziku od razvoja hipoglikemije.
English: Sitagliptin is also a substrate of p-glycoprotein, which may also be involved in mediating the renal elimination of sitagliptin.
Croatian: Sitagliptin je također supstrat p-glikoproteina koji bi također mogao biti uključen u posredovanje eliminacije sitagliptina bubrezima.
English: In this study, the proinsulin to insulin ratio, a marker of efficiency of insulin synthesis and release, improved with sitagliptin and deteriorated with glipizide treatment.
Croatian: U ovom se ispitivanju omjer proinzulina i inzulina, pokazatelj učinkovitosti sinteze i otpuštanja inzulina, poboljšao sa sitagliptinom, a pogoršao pri liječenju glipizidom.
English: Adverse reactions are listed below as MedDRA preferred term by system organ class and absolute frequency (Table 1).
Croatian: Nuspojave su u nastavku navedene prema MedDRA preferiranom pojmu i razvrstane po klasifikaciji organskih sustava i ukupnoj učestalosti (Tablica 1).
English: No dose adjustment for sitagliptin is necessary for patients with mild or moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh score  9).
Croatian: Nije potrebna prilagodba doze sitagliptina za bolesnike s blagim ili umjerenim oštećenjem funkcije jetre (Child-Pugh rezultat ≤ 9).
English: Reduction in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was observed at 3 weeks, the first time point at which FPG was measured.
Croatian: Sniženje glukoze u plazmi natašte (engl. fasting plasma glucose, FPG) opaženo je pri prvoj vremenskoj točki mjerenja, tj. nakon 3 tjedna.
English: Table 3: Rates of Composite Cardiovascular Outcomes and Key Secondary Outcomes
Croatian: Tablica 3: Stope objedinjenih kardiovaskularnih ishoda i ključnih sekundarnih ishoda sitagliptin 100 mg
English: 50 x 1 film-coated tablets
Croatian: 50 x 1 filmom obložena tableta
English: In clinical trials, sitagliptin as monotherapy improved glycaemic control with significant reductions in haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and fasting and postprandial glucose.
Croatian: U kliničkim je ispitivanjima sitagliptin, kao monoterapija, poboljšao regulaciju glikemije sa značajnim sniženjima hemoglobina A1c (HbA1c) te glukoze natašte i nakon obroka.
English: Metformin partitions into erythrocytes.
Croatian: Metformin se odjeljuje u eritrocite.
English: However, dizziness and drowsiness have been reported with sitagliptin, which may affect your ability to drive or use machines.
Croatian: Međutim, pri primjeni sitagliptina prijavljene su omaglica i omamljenost, što može utjecati na sposobnost upravljanja vozilima ili rada sa strojevima.
English: Ristfor has no or negligible influence on the ability to drive and use machines.
Croatian: Ristfor ne utječe ili zanemarivo utječe na sposobnost upravljanja vozilima i rada sa strojevima.
English: Therefore, a reduction in the dose of the sulphonylurea or insulin may be necessary.
Croatian: Stoga može biti neophodno sniziti dozu sulfonilureje ili inzulina.
English: The mean volume of distribution at steady state following a single 100-mg intravenous dose of sitagliptin to healthy subjects is approximately 198 litres.
Croatian: Srednji volumen distribucije sitagliptina u stanju dinamičke ravnoteže nakon jednokratne intravenske primjene doze od 100 mg u zdravih ispitanika je približno 198 litara.
English: In studies performed with the individual active substances, both sitagliptin and metformin are excreted in the milk of lactating rats.
Croatian: Istraživanja provedena s djelatnim tvarima zasebno pokazala su da se oboje, sitagliptin i metformin, izlučuju u mlijeko štakorica u laktaciji.
English: You should continue the diet recommended by your doctor during treatment with this medicine and take care that your carbohydrate intake is equally distributed over the day.
Croatian: Tijekom liječenja ovim lijekom, morate nastaviti s dijetalnom prehranom koju Vam je preporučio Vaš liječnik i paziti da ravnomjerno rasporedite unos ugljikohidrata kroz cijeli dan.
English: Patients treated with sitagliptin had a modest increase in body weight (+1.1 kg) compared to those given placebo.
Croatian: U bolesnika liječenih sitagliptinom došlo je do blagog povećanja tjelesne težine (+1,1 kg) u usporedbi s bolesnicima koji su primali placebo.
English: Table 1: The frequency of adverse reactions identified from placebo-controlled clinical studies of sitagliptin and metformin alone, and post-marketing experience
Croatian: Tablica 1: Učestalost nuspojava utvrđenih iz placebom kontroliranih kliničkih ispitivanja samih sitagliptina i metformina i iskustva nakon stavljanja lijeka u promet
English: In addition, very slight to slight skeletal muscle degeneration was also observed histologically at doses resulting in systemic exposure levels of approximately 23 times the human exposure level.
Croatian: Histološki je, osim toga, opažena neznatna ili vrlo mala degeneracija skeletnih mišića pri dozama koje su dovele do razina sistemske izloženosti oko 23 puta veće od razine izloženosti u ljudi.
English: Symptoms of lactic acidosis include: - vomiting - stomach ache (abdominal pain) - muscle cramps - a general feeling of not being well with severe tiredness - difficulty in breathing - reduced body temperature and heartbeat
Croatian: Simptomi laktacidoze uključuju: - povraćanje - bol u trbuhu (bol u abdomenu) - grčeve u mišićima - opće loše osjećanje uz jaki umor - otežano disanje - smanjenu tjelesnu temperaturu i usporen rad srca
English: A bioequivalence study in healthy subjects demonstrated that the Ristfor (sitagliptin/metformin hydrochloride) combination tablets are bioequivalent to co-administration of sitagliptin phosphate and metformin hydrochloride as individual tablets.
Croatian: Ispitivanje bioekvivalencije u zdravih ispitanika pokazalo je da su Ristfor (sitagliptin/metforminklorid) kombinirane tablete bioekvivalentne istodobnoj primjeni pojedinačnih tableta sitagliptinfosfata i metforminklorida.
English: A large overdose of metformin (or co-existing risks of lactic acidosis) may lead to lactic acidosis which is a medical emergency and must be treated in hospital.
Croatian: Predoziranje velikim dozama metformina (ili već postojeći rizik od razvoja laktacidoze) može dovesti do laktacidoze koja zahtijeva hitnu bolničku medicinsku intervenciju.
English: Following administration of a dose of 850 mg, a 40 % lower plasma peak concentration, a 25 % decrease in AUC and a 35 min prolongation of time to peak plasma concentration was observed.
Croatian: Nakon primjene doze od 850 mg opaženi su 40% niža vršna koncentracija u plazmi, smanjenje AUC-a za 25% te produljenje vremena do postizanja vršne koncentracije u plazmi za 35 min.
English: Other medicines and Ristfor
Croatian: Drugi lijekovi i Ristfor
English: In clinical studies, approximately 13.5 % of the dose was removed over a 3- to 4-hour haemodialysis session.
Croatian: U kliničkim je ispitivanjima hemodijalizom u trajanju od 3-4 sata uklonjeno oko 13,5% doze lijeka.
English: There have been no therapeutic clinical trials conducted with Ristfor tablets however bioequivalence of Ristfor with co-administered sitagliptin and metformin has been demonstrated (see section 5.2).
Croatian: Nisu provedena terapijska klinička ispitivanja s Ristfor tabletama, međutim, pokazana je bioekvivalencija lijeka Ristfor i istodobne primjene kombinacije sitagliptina i metformina (vidjeti dio 5.2).
English: Metformin may act via three mechanisms: - by reduction of hepatic glucose production by inhibiting gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis - in muscle, by modestly increasing insulin sensitivity, improving peripheral glucose uptake and utilisation - by delaying intestinal glucose absorption.
Croatian: Metformin može djelovati putem tri mehanizma: - smanjujući proizvodnju glukoze u jetri time što inhibira glukoneogenezu i glikogenolizu - u mišićima, umjereno povećavajući osjetljivost na inzulin, čime se poboljšava pohrana i iskorištavanje glukoze u perifernim tkivima - odgađajući apsorpciju glukoze u crijevima.
English: Following oral administration of a 100-mg dose to healthy subjects, sitagliptin was rapidly absorbed, with peak plasma concentrations (median Tmax) occurring 1 to 4 hours post-dose, mean plasma AUC of sitagliptin was 8.52 M•hr, Cmax was 950 nM.
Croatian: Nakon peroralne primjene doze od 100 mg u zdravih ispitanika, sitagliptin se brzo apsorbira, a vršne koncentracije u plazmi (medijan Tmax) nastupaju 1 do 4 sata nakon doze; srednji AUC sitagliptina u plazmi bio je 8,52 µM•h, a Cmax 950 nM.
English: A single-dose, open-label study was conducted to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of a reduced dose of sitagliptin (50 mg) in patients with varying degrees of chronic renal impairment compared to normal healthy control subjects.
Croatian: U provedenom otvorenom ispitivanju primjene jedne doze lijeka utvrđivala se farmakokinetika snižene doze sitagliptina (50 mg) u bolesnika s različitim stupnjevima kroničnog oštećenja funkcije bubrega u usporedbi sa zdravim kontrolnim ispitanicima.
English: In a 52-week study, comparing the efficacy and safety of the addition of sitagliptin 100 mg once daily or glipizide (a sulphonylurea) in patients with inadequate glycaemic control on metformin monotherapy, sitagliptin was similar to glipizide in reducing HbA1c (-0.7 % mean change from baselines at week 52, with baseline HbA1c of approximately 7.5 % in both groups).
Croatian: U 52-tjednom ispitivanju u kojemu se uspoređivala djelotvornost i sigurnost dodavanja sitagliptina 100 mg jednom dnevno ili glipizidom (sulfonilurejom) u bolesnika u kojih glikemija nije odgovarajuće regulirana monoterapijom metforminom, sitagliptin i glipizid bili su slični u snižavanju HbA1c (srednja vrijednost sniženja od -0,7% u odnosu na početne vrijednosti u 52. tjednu, s time da je početna vrijednost HbA1c u obje skupine bila približno 7,5%).
English: Sitagliptin differs in chemical structure and pharmacological action from GLP-1 analogues, insulin, sulphonylureas or meglitinides, biguanides, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR) agonists, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, and amylin analogues.
Croatian: Po svojoj kemijskoj strukturi i farmakološkom djelovanju, sitagliptin se razlikuje od analoga GLP-1, inzulina, sulfonilureja ili meglitinida, bigvanida, agonista receptora za aktivator proliferacije peroksisoma-gama (PPAR), inhibitora alfa-glukozidaze i analoga amilina.
English: For patients switching from co-administration of sitagliptin and metformin For patients switching from co-administration of sitagliptin and metformin, Ristfor should be initiated at the dose of sitagliptin and metformin already being taken.
Croatian: Za bolesnike koji se prebacuju s istodobne primjene sitagliptina i metformina Za bolesnike koji se prebacuju s istodobne primjene sitagliptina i metformina, liječenje lijekom Ristfor mora započeti dosadašnjim dozama sitagliptina i metformina.
English: The renal clearance of sitagliptin was not meaningfully altered.
Croatian: Bubrežni klirens sitagliptina nije značajno promijenjen.
English: Sitagliptin and metformin
Croatian: Sitagliptin i metformin
English: GLP-1 also lowers glucagon secretion from pancreatic alpha cells, leading to reduced hepatic glucose production.
Croatian: GLP-1 snižava i lučenje glukagona iz alfa stanica gušterače, što dovodi do smanjene proizvodnje glukoze u jetri.
English: Metformin is a biguanide with antihyperglycaemic effects, lowering both basal and postprandial plasma glucose.
Croatian: Metformin je bigvanid s antihiperglikemijskim učincima koji snižava i bazalne vrijednosti i vrijednosti glukoze u plazmi nakon obroka.
English: Tablet core microcrystalline cellulose (E460) povidone K29/32 (E1201) sodium lauril sulfate sodium stearyl fumarate
Croatian: Jezgra tablete celuloza, mikrokristalična (E460) povidon K29/32 (E1201) natrijev laurilsulfat natrijev stearilfumarat
English: Since hepatotoxicity has been shown to correlate with induction of hepatic neoplasia in rats, this increased incidence of hepatic tumours in rats was likely secondary to chronic hepatic toxicity at this high dose.
Croatian: Budući da je utvrđena korelacija između hepatotoksičnosti lijeka i nastanka neoplazija u jetri štakora, pri tako visokoj dozi vjerojatno je povećana incidencija tumora jetre posljedica kroničnog toksičnog djelovanja na jetru.
English: No animal studies have been conducted with Ristfor.
Croatian: Nisu provedena istraživanja lijeka Ristfor na životinjama.
English: When Ristfor is used in combination with a sulphonylurea, a lower dose of the sulphonylurea may be required to reduce the risk of hypoglycaemia (see section 4.4).
Croatian: Kad se Ristfor primjenjuje u kombinaciji sa sulfonilurejom, možda će biti potrebno sniziti dozu sulfonilureje kako bi se smanjio rizik od razvoja hipoglikemije (vidjeti dio 4.4).
English: Some patients have experienced the following side effects while taking metformin alone: Very common: nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, stomach ache and loss of appetite.
Croatian: Neki bolesnici koji su uzimali samo metformin imali su sljedeće nuspojave: Vrlo često: mučnina, povraćanje, proljev, bol u trbuhu i gubitak apetita.
English: When Ristfor is used in combination with insulin, a lower dose of insulin may be required to reduce the risk of hypoglycaemia (see section 4.4).
Croatian: Kad se Ristfor primjenjuje u kombinaciji s inzulinom, možda će biti potrebno sniziti dozu inzulina kako bi se smanjio rizik od razvoja hipoglikemije (vidjeti dio 4.4).
English: The renal clearance was approximately 350 mL/min.
Croatian: Bubrežni klirens sitagliptina bio je približno 350 ml/min.
English: This has been shown at therapeutic doses in controlled, medium-term or long-term clinical studies: metformin reduces total cholesterol, LDLc and triglyceride levels.
Croatian: Kontrolirana srednjoročna i dugoročna klinička ispitivanja pokazala su da metformin pri terapijskim dozama snižava razine ukupnog i LDL kolesterola i triglicerida.
English: Hepatic impairment Ristfor must not be used in patients with hepatic impairment (see section 5.2).
Croatian: Oštećenje funkcije jetre Ristfor se ne smije primjenjivati u bolesnika s oštećenjem funkcije jetre (vidjeti dio 5.2).
English: If a hypersensitivity reaction is suspected, Ristfor should be discontinued, other potential causes of the event should be assessed, and alternative treatment for diabetes should be instituted (see section 4.8).
Croatian: Pri sumnji na reakciju preosjetljivosti treba prekinuti liječenje lijekom Ristfor, procijeniti koji su drugi mogući uzroci te započeti liječenje dijabetesa drugim lijekovima (vidjeti dio 4.8).
English: In a 24-week placebo-controlled factorial study of initial therapy, sitagliptin 50 mg twice daily in combination with metformin (500 mg or 1,000 mg twice daily) provided significant improvements in glycaemic parameters compared with either monotherapy.
Croatian: U 24-tjednom placebom kontroliranom faktorijalnom ispitivanju početne terapije, sitagliptin u dozi od 50 mg dvaput na dan u kombinaciji s metforminom (500 mg ili 1000 mg dvaput na dan) doveo je do značajnih poboljšanja glikemijskih parametara u usporedbi s monoterapijom svakim od tih lijekova.