FrancophonIA/ELRC3.0 huggingface dataset:
English: These and the other measures in the risk management plan are proposed to ensure that dexamfetamine is only made available to patients who really need it and can benefit from it, therefore mitigating the risk of misuse and diversion.
Danish: Disse og de øvrige foranstaltninger i risikostyringsplanen skal sikre, at dexamfetamin kun stilles til rådighed for patienter, der har et reelt behov for det og kan have fordel af det, hvorved risikoen for misbrug og ulovlig anvendelse mindskes.
English: The reason for the different responses could be different pharmacological mechanisms of action.
Danish: Grunden til forskellen i respons kan tænkes at være forskel i farmakologisk virkningsmekanisme.
English: • Introduction of a statement in section 4.4 on “Abuse, misuse, and diversion” reporting that the risk is generally greater for short acting stimulants than for corresponding long-acting products.
Danish: • Indsættelse af en erklæring i punkt 4.4 om “Misbrug, fejlanvendelse og ulovlig anvendelse” med angivelse af, at risikoen sædvanligvis er større for korttidsvirkende end for tilsvarende langtidsvirkende stimulerende midler.
English: The CHMP, having considered the data submitted in the application is of the opinion that the above risk management activities are necessary for the safe and effective use of the medicinal product.
Danish: Efter vurdering af de forelagte oplysninger finder CHMP ovennævnte risikostyringsforanstaltninger nødvendige for sikker og effektiv anvendelse af lægemidlet.
English: During the procedure the MAH conducted further research in the literature, online, in databases from European Health Authorities and WHO and its own safety database.
Danish: Under proceduren foretog markedsføringstilladelsesindehaveren yderligere online litteratursøgninger i databaser fra europæiske sundhedsmyndigheder og WHO samt virksomhedens egen sikkerhedsdatabase.
English: Although it is acknowledged that misuse, abuse, dependence and diversion are events that will not always be reported to the prescribers, the search retrieved a very low event rate in the countries where dexamfetamine is available on the market for ADHD.
Danish: Skønt det vedgås, at fejlanvendelse, misbrug, afhængighed og ulovlig anvendelse ikke altid vil blive indberettet til den ordinerende læge, fandtes der ved søgningen en meget lav hændelsesrate i de lande, hvor dexamfetamin er på markedet til anvendelse ved ADHD.
English: Efficacy in second line treatment of ADHD
Danish: Virkningen ved andetvalgsbehandling af ADHD
English: This meta-analysis identified a number of key issues that may explain the differences in outcome of the studies, and the authors noted that, while building on that of Wilens et al. (2003), is still relatively modest in terms of number of studies included.
Danish: Denne metaanalyse udpegede nogle hovedproblemer, der kan forklare forskellen i undersøgelsernes resultater, og forfatterne bemærkede, at skønt undersøgelsen var baseret på Wilens et al. (2003), omfattede den kun et forholdsvis beskedent antal undersøgelser.
English: Indeed short acting treatments are less likely to affect sleep pattern and appetite compared to long-acting products.
Danish: Korttidsvirkende midler er således mindre tilbøjelige til at påvirke søvnmønsteret og appetitten end langtidsvirkende produkter.
English: With regards to other potential risks associated with long-term use of dexamfetamine such as possible impairment of neuro-cognitive development and risk of cardiomyopathy, there is no clinical evidence to support that long-term treatment has any negative influence on neuro-cognitive development.
Danish: Hvad angår de øvrige potentielle risici ved langtidsbrug af dexamfetamin såsom mulig hæmning af den neurokognitive udvikling og risikoen for kardiomyopati, er der ingen klinisk evidens for, at langtidsbehandling påvirker den neurokognitive udvikling negativt.
English: More importantly, the Arnold LE (2000) comparative review analysed six non-duplicative studies, from which a response rate of 66% was calculated for dexamfetamine sulphate, 56% for methylphenidate and 85% stimulant response if both are tried.
Danish: Mere vigtig er den sammenlignende oversigt foretaget af Arnold LE (2000) af seks ikke-overlappende undersøgelser, hvor der beregnedes en responsrate på 66 % for dexamfetaminsulfat, 56 % for methylphenidat og 85 % når begge gives.
English: • Amendment to the section 4.1 to advise that “Treatment should be under the supervision of a specialist in childhood and/or adolescent behavioural disorders.” and that “Dexamfetamine is not indicated in all children with ADHD and the decision to use dexamfetamine must be based on a very thorough assessment of the severity and chronicity of the child's symptoms in relation to the child's age and potential for abuse, misuse or diversion.”
Danish: • Ændring af punkt 4.1 med en anvisning om, at “behandlingen bør ske under opsyn af en specialist i adfærdsforstyrrelser hos børn og/eller unge”, og “dexamfetamin er ikke indiceret hos alle børn med ADHD, og afgørelsen om at anvende dexamfetamin skal baseres på en gennemgribende vurdering af sværheden og kroniciteten af barnets symptomer sammenholdt med barnets alder og potentiale for misbrug, fejlanvendelse og ulovlig anvendelse.”
English: It is acknowledged that abuse and dependence may occur, however there appears to be a difference between the population that abuses stimulants and the general ADHD population.
Danish: Det vedgås, at misbrug og afhængighed kan forekomme, men den population, der misbruger stimulerende midler, synes at adskille sig fra den generelle ADHD-population.
English: Therefore the introduction of a dexamfetamine product with a risk management plan is expected to provide significant improvement by collecting information about use of the product in real life setting, as well as introducing risk minimisation measures that are currently not in place.
Danish: En risikostyringsplan for et dexamfetaminprodukt må derfor forventes at udgøre en væsentlig forbedring ved at skaffe oplysninger om produktets anvendelse i det virkelige liv og indføre risikostyringsforanstaltninger, der ikke er i kraft på nuværende tidspunkt.
English: However, a more recent meta-analysis by Humphreys et al. (2013) investigated both published and unpublished reports on a total of 15 different studies and concluded that effective treatment of ADHD, typically using methylphenidate, does not seem to have impact of substance abuse later in life.
Danish: En nyere metaanalyse foretaget af Humphreys et al. (2013) gennemgik imidlertid publicerede og upublicerede rapporter om alt 15 forskellige undersøgelser og konkluderede, at effektiv behandling af ADHD, typisk med methylphenidat, ikke synes at have virkning på stofmisbrug senere i livet.
English: The CHMP issued a positive opinion recommending the granting of the marketing authorisations for which the summary of product characteristics and package leaflet are as set out in Annex III of the CHMP opinion and conditions to the marketing authorisations in Annex IV of the CHMP Opinion for Dexamed and associated names (see Annex I).
Danish: CHMP afgav en positiv udtalelse, der anbefaler udstedelse af markedsføringstilladelse for de produkter, for hvilke produktresumé, og indlægsseddel fremgår af bilag III, og betingelserne for markedsføringstilladelserne fremgår af bilag IV til CHMP's udtalelse for Dexamed og relaterede navne (se bilag I).
English: In addition, at least seven evidence-based guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of ADHD recommend dexamfetamine as first-line therapy; others give an explicit favourable recommendation for use as a therapeutic option in ADHD (Seixas et al., 2012).
Danish: Desuden anbefales dexamfetamin som førstevalgsbehandling i mindst syv evidensbaserede vejledninger for medikamentel behandling af ADHD, mens andre udtrykkelig positivt anbefaler det som behandlingsvalg til ADHD (Seixas et al., 2012).
English: Lisdexamfetamine and dexamfetamine can be regarded as pharmacodynamically identical, therefore to grant a marketing authorisation for dexamfetamine as second line ADHD treatment would be consistent with the recent approval of lisdexamfetamine for use in the same population.
Danish: Lisdexamfetamin og dexamfetamin kan anses for farmakodynamisk identiske, hvorfor udstedelse af markedsføringstilladelse for dexamfetamin som andetvalgsbehandling af ADHD vil være i overensstemmelse med den nylige godkendelse af lisdexamfetamin til anvendelse hos samme population.
English: The CHMP took note of the fact that the proposed RMP is in line with existing risk management plans for other stimulants (methylphenidate and lisdexamfetamine), and also that dexamfetamine-containing products have been available in the EU for several decades without a risk management plan.
Danish: CHMP noterede sig, at den foreslåede risikostyringsplan er på linje med eksisterende risikostyringsplaner for andre centralt stimulerende midler (methylphenidat og lisdexamfetamin), og at produkter indeholdende dexamfetamin har været på markedet i EU i flere tiår uden en risikostyringsplan.
English: With regards to the risk of misuse and diversion within the ADHD population, a meta-analytic review by Lee et al. (2011) concluded that ADHD patients are at a considerably higher risk for substance abuse as compared to the (age-matched) general population.
Danish: Vedrørende risikoen for misbrug og ulovlig anvendelse hos ADHD-populationen konkluderedes det i en metaanalytisk gennemgang foretaget af Lee et al. (2011), at ADHD-patienter har betydeligt højere risiko for stofmisbrug end den (aldersmatchede) almindelige befolkning.
English: In addition the applicant proposed to undertake a drug utilisation study (DUS) to monitor for reports of abuse and/or overdose, and a non-interventional post authorisation safety study (PASS) to monitor key adverse events.
Danish: Desuden ville ansøgeren foretage en undersøgelse af lægemiddelanvendelse for at overvåge indberetninger om misbrug og/eller overdosering samt en ikke-interventionel sikkerhedsundersøgelse efter markedsføring (PASS) for at overvåge de vigtigste bivirkninger.
English: Therefore it is currently unclear whether treatment of ADHD patients with stimulants alters their risk of substance abuse disorder later in life, but evidence seems to indicate that the risk in the stimulant treated ADHD population is not higher than in the not treated ADHD population.
Danish: Det er derfor i øjeblikket ikke klart, om behandling af ADHD-patienter med stimulerende midler ændrer risikoen for stofmisbrug senere i livet, men der synes at være evidens for, at risikoen i den ADHD-population, der er behandlet med centralt stimulerende midler, ikke er højere end i den ubehandlede ADHDpopulation.
English: Therefore as a measure to mitigate this risk, the applicant proposed to downgrade dexamfetamine to second line use in ADHD and for children and adolescents of 6 to 17 years of age, if other medicinal and nonmedical treatment options have not achieved adequate results.
Danish: Til afhjælpning af denne risiko foreslog ansøgeren, at dexamfetamin nedgraderes til brug som andetvalgsbehandling ved ADHD og til børn og unge mellem 6 og 17 år, når andre medikamentelle og ikke-medikamentelle behandlingsmuligheder ikke har givet tilfredsstillende resultater.
English: The present application for Dexamed as second-line treatment of ADHD is a bibliographic (wellestablished use) application.
Danish: Nærværende ansøgning for Dexamed som andetvalgsbehandling af ADHD er en bibliografisk ansøgning (almindelig anerkendt anvendelse).
English: Lisdexamfetamine was recently approved in some Member States as part of a comprehensive treatment programme for ADHD in children aged 6 years of age and over when response to previous methylphenidate treatment is considered clinically inadequate.
Danish: Lisdexamfetamin er i nogle medlemsstater for nylig godkendt som led i et fuldstændigt behandlingsprogram for ADHD hos børn over 6 år med foregående inadækvat klinisk respons på methylphenidat.
English: Moreover short acting treatments are expected to have some advantages compared to long-acting treatments.
Danish: Desuden forventes korttidsvirkende midler at have visse fordele i forhold til langtidsvirkende.
English: • The Committee reviewed all the data submitted by the applicant in support of the efficacy of dexamfetamine in second line treatment of ADHD, and the proposals for mitigation of the risk of misuse and diversion.
Danish: • udvalget gennemgik alle data forelagt af ansøgeren til støtte for virkningen af dexamfetamin som andetvalgsbehandling ved ADHD samt forslagene til afbødning af risikoen for fejlanvendelse og ulovlig anvendelse.
English: During the assessment of the marketing authorisation application for Dexamed, concerns were raised regarding the potential for abuse and dependence of dexamfetamine.
Danish: Ved vurderingen af ansøgningen om markedsføringstilladelse for Dexamed blev der udtrykt betænkelighed ved potentialet for misbrug og afhængighed af dexamfetamin.
English: However the efficacy of dexamfetamine in the treatment of ADHD is not disputed.
Danish: Virkningen af dexamfetamin til behandling af ADHD bestrides dog ikke.
English: In addition, ADHD patients are prescribed stimulants after an ADHD diagnosis has been made as opposed to deliberately seeking stimulants.
Danish: Desuden ordineres stimulerende midler til ADHD-patienter efter forudgående ADHD-diagnose, i modsætning til aktiv opsøgning af stimulerende midler.
English: Clinical studies show that there are ADHD patients who respond to methylphenidate and not to dexamfetamine and vice versa.
Danish: De kliniske undersøgelser viser, at der findes ADHD-patienter, som responderer på methylphenidat, men ikke på dexamfetamin, og omvendt.
English: An agreement has been reached during the CMDh procedure that dexamfetamine has efficacy in ADHD which is in no way inferior to the other stimulants.
Danish: Under behandlingen i CMDh var der enighed om, at dexamfetamin har en virkning ved ADHD, der ikke på nogen måde er ringere end af de andre stimulerende midler.
English: Methylphenidate reversibly binds to the presynaptic transporter protein with resultant inhibition of catecholamines re-uptake into the presynaptic neuron (Volkow et al., 2002), increases the release of dopamine from presynaptic cytoplasmic storage vesicles and blocks the uptake of dopamine into neuronal cytoplasmic storage vesicles, making dopamine more available in the presynaptic cytoplasm for release into the synaptic cleft (Sulzer et al., 2005).
Danish: Methylphenidat bindes reversibelt til det præsynaptiske transporterprotein med deraf følgende hæmning af genoptagelsen af katekolaminer i det præsynaptiske neuron (Volkow et al., 2002), øger udskillelsen af dopamin fra opbevaringsvesiklerne i det præsynaptiske cytoplasma og blokerer optagelsen af dopamin i opbevaringsvesiklerne i det neuronale cytoplasma, hvorved dopamin i det præsynaptiske cytoplasma lettere kan frigives til den synaptiske spalte (Sulzer et al., 2005).
English: In addition, the DUS should be expanded to actively obtain reports of abuse, misuse, diversion and dependence in children with ADHD from poison centres, drug monitoring centres, other databases, publicly available information in the literature and online.
Danish: Undersøgelsen af lægemiddelanvendelse udvides med aktiv indsamling af information om misbrug, fejlanvendelse, ulovlig anvendelse og afhængighed hos børn med ADHD fra giftkontrolcentre og narkotikaovervågningscentre, andre databaser og offentligt tilgængelige kilder i litteraturen og online,
English: The indication also includes a statement that treatment should be initiated and regularly evaluated by a physician with specialist expertise in child and adolescent mental health after a comprehensive assessment has led to a diagnosis of ADHD.
Danish: I indikationen angives det desuden, at behandlingen bør iværksættes og regelmæssigt vurderes af en læge med særlig erfaring i børns og unges psykiske helbred, efter at diagnosen ADHD er stillet ved en grundig vurdering.
English: However there are perceived risks of diversion and abuse associated with this medication.
Danish: Der er imidlertid konstateret risiko for ulovlig anvendelse og misbrug af dette lægemiddel.
English: While there is no information about the sequence of treatments, mainly due to its cross-over design the results are convincing.
Danish: Skønt rækkefølgen af behandlingerne ikke er oplyst, er resultaterne overbevisende især på grund af undersøgelsens overkrydsningsdesign.
English: All of these measures, taken together with existing national laws concerning manufacture, distribution and prescription of controlled drugs are considered to balance the risk.
Danish: Risikoen anses for at opvejes af alle disse foranstaltninger i tilslutning til den eksisterende nationale lovgivning om fremstilling, distribution og ordination af kontrollerede stoffer.
English: During treatments regular evaluations should be performed regarding treatment necessity (see below) and possible occurrence of overuse, dependence or diversion.
Danish: I behandlingsperioden bør der jævnligt tages stilling til behandlingens nødvendighed og den eventuelle forekomst af overforbrug, afhængighed og ulovlig anvendelse.
English: Amfetamines increase levels of catecholamine in the synaptic cleft by blocking reuptake of noradrenaline and dopamine by presynaptic neurons, by releasing dopamine and noradrenaline from dopaminergic neurons, and possibly by inhibiting monoamine oxidase.
Danish: Amfetaminer øger koncentrationen af katekolaminer i den synaptiske spalte ved at blokere genoptagelsen af noradrenalin og dopamin i de præsynaptiske neuroner, frigive dopamin og noradrenalin fra de dopaminerge neuroner og muligvis hæmme monoaminoxidase.
English: • The Committee is of the opinion that dexamfetamine has a mechanism of action different from that of methylphenidate, and that the available data is supportive of the efficacy of dexamfetamine in treatment of ADHD.
Danish: • udvalget anser dexamfetamin for at have en anden virkningsmekanisme end methylphenidat og finder, at de foreliggende data støtter dexamfetamins virkning til behandling af ADHD,
English: The indication also includes a statement that it should only be prescribed by a specialist when the patient has been diagnosed with ADHD following comprehensive assessment of chronicity and severity according to DSM or ICD guidance and only when methylphenidate treatment has proved ineffective.
Danish: Indikationen indeholder desuden en angivelse af, at dexamfetamin kun bør ordineres af en speciallæge, der har stillet diagnosen ADHD efter forudgående grundig vurdering af kronicitet og sværhed i henhold til DSM- eller ICD-retningslinjerne, og kun når behandling med methylphenidat har været ineffektiv.
English: The risk management plan for the product includes educational material for both prescribers and patients/carers, as well as a drug utilisation study that has been expanded to collect information specifically on abuse and misuse.
Danish: Risikostyringsplanen for produktet omfatter informationsmateriale til ordinerende læger og patienter/omsorgsgivere samt en undersøgelse af lægemiddelanvendelse, der er udvidet til at samle specifikke oplysninger om misbrug og fejlanvendelse.
English: The indication has been restricted to second line, the risk management plan for the product includes educational material for both prescribers and patients/carers, as well as a drug utilisation study that has been expanded to collect information specifically on abuse and misuse.
Danish: Indikationen er blevet begrænset til andetvalg, og risikostyringsplanen for produktet omfatter oplysningsmateriale til ordinerende læger og patienter/omsorgsgivere samt en undersøgelse af lægemiddelanvendelse, der er udvidet til at samle information specifikt om misbrug og fejlanvendelse.
English: • Whether downgrading the product to second line treatment and the proposed RMP measures are sufficient to mitigate concerns relating to the perceived potential for misuse and diversion.
Danish: • om nedgradering af produktet til andetvalgsbehandling og de påtænkte risikominimeringsforanstaltninger er tilstrækkelige til at imødekomme betænkelighederne ved det konstaterede potentiale for misbrug og ulovlig anvendelse, og
English: Taking into account all the available data, the Committee accepted that dexamfetamine has potential for misuse, diversion and also dependence.
Danish: Efter at have taget alle foreliggende data i betragtning accepterede udvalget, at dexamfetamin har potentiale for misbrug, ulovlig anvendelse og desuden afhængighed.
English: The experts were of the opinion that there is currently little evidence to suggest that dexamfetamine is associated with a higher risk of dependence in the treated ADHD population than in those without ADHD.
Danish: Eksperterne fandt kun ringe evidens for en større risiko for afhængighed af dexamfetamin hos den behandlede ADHD-population end hos personer uden ADHD.
English: • A physician's guide to prescribing including direction for diagnosis according to DSM/ICD guidelines and for recognition and exclusion of patients with a history of abuse misuse diversion and dependency;
Danish: • vejledning til den ordinerende læge, herunder vejledning i diagnose i henhold til DSM/ICDretningslinjerne og udpegelse og udelukkelse af patienter med tidligere misbrug, fejlanvendelse, ulovlig anvendelse og afhængighed
English: It concludes that methylphenidate is more selective for dopamine transporter, while dexamfetamine also has a number of other actions including direct actions on receptors and modulating other modes of dopamine uptake as well as effect on other catecholamines.
Danish: Det konkluderes heri, at methylphenidat er mere selektivt for dopamintransportere, mens dexamfetamin desuden har en række andre virkninger, herunder direkte virkninger på receptorer og modulering af andre former for dopaminoptag foruden virkning på andre katekolaminer.
English: Furthermore the Committee requested that a PASS will be conducted to evaluate the long-term safety profile of dexamfetamine in children with ADHD, specifically targeting key issues such as cardiovascular events, growth and psychiatric related adverse events.
Danish: Udvalget anmodede yderligere om en sikkerhedsundersøgelse efter markedsføring (PASS) til vurdering af dexamfetamins langsigtede sikkerhedsprofil hos børn med ADHD, navnlig rettet mod hovedproblemer såsom kardiovaskulære hændelser og bivirkninger af vækstmæssig og psykiatrisk art,
English: Methylphenidate is more selective for the dopamine transporter, while dexamfetamine also has a number of other actions including direct actions on receptors and modulating other modes of dopamine uptake as well as effect on other catecholamines.
Danish: Methylphenidat er mere selektivt for dopamintransporteren, mens dexamfetamin også har en række andre virkninger, herunder direkte virkninger på receptorer og modulering af andre former for dopaminoptag, foruden virkning på andre katekolaminer.
English: A drug utilisation study to follow the use of prescribed dexamfetamine in the European using multiple data sources was also required.
Danish: Der blev desuden stillet krav om en undersøgelse af lægemiddelanvendelse til overvågning af anvendelsen af ordineret dexamfetamin i EU gennem en række datakilder.
English: Furthermore educational materials would also be made available for both physicians and patients, including the provision of checklists, and are in line with those for other ADHD medicines.
Danish: Derudover vil læger og patienter få stillet oplysningsmateriale til rådighed, herunder udlevering af tjeklister.
English: Even though no single study can be taken as pivotal evidence, the publications submitted within the application, which include not just published studies but also therapeutic guidelines and textbooks, are supportive of the efficacy in second line treatment of ADHD.
Danish: Skønt ingen af undersøgelserne kan betragtes som en hovedundersøgelse, underbygges virkningen som andetvalgsbehandling ved ADHD af de forelagte publikationer, der foruden publicerede undersøgelser omfatter behandlingsvejledninger og lærebøger.