FrancophonIA/ELRC3.0 huggingface dataset:
English: The posology of aniMedica's veterinary medicinal products (daily dose of 1 g product per 5 kg bw, equivalent to 5 mg colistin sulphate and 96 mg zinc oxide per kg bw, for 5 - 7 days), means that the concentration of zinc oxide in-feed will be 3000 ppm (approximately 2400 ppm zinc).
Croatian: Doziranje veterinarsko-medicinskih proizvoda tvrtke aniMedica (dnevna doza od 1 g proizvoda na 5 kg tjelesne težine, što odgovara količini od 5 mg kolistin sulfata i 96 mg cinkova oksida po kg tjelesne težine, tijekom 5 - 7 dana), znači da će koncentracija cinkova oksida u hrani biti 3000 ppm (približno 2400 ppm cinka).
English: The results demonstrated that, among the piglets fed with 2500 ppm or 4000 ppm zinc, a significantly lower number of piglets required anti-diarrhoea treatment.
Croatian: Rezultati su pokazali da je među prasadi hranjenoj cinkom u količini od 2500 ppm ili 4000 ppm, značajno manji broj prasadi trebao liječenje protiv proljeva.
English: Much of the text was focused on the health and growth benefits of zinc oxide.
Croatian: Mnogo teksta fokusiralo se na zdravlje i koristi za rast od cinkova oksida.
English: • the CVMP acknowledged that there is a risk of co-selection for resistance associated with the use of zinc oxide, but at the present time, that risk is not quantifiable;
Croatian: • CVMP prihvaća da postoji rizik od ko-selekcije za rezistenciju povezanu s primjenom cinkova oksida, ali u ovom trenutku, taj se rizik ne može kvantificirati;
English: The study was performed on 260 piglets from 36 litters weaned at the age of 28 days and assigned, according to initial body weight and the litter of origin, to one of six treatment groups: 0 ppm zinc, 100 ppm zinc; 200 ppm zinc; 1000 ppm zinc; 2500 ppm zinc and 4000 ppm zinc.
Croatian: provedeno na 260 prasadi iz 36 legla koji su prestali sisati u dobi od 28 dana, a prema svojoj početnoj težini i leglu podijeljeni su u jednu od šest ispitivanih skupina: 0 ppm cinka, 100 ppm cinka, 200 ppm cinka, 1000 ppm cinka, 2500 ppm cinka i 4000 ppm cinka.
English: The data presented identify a hazard for human and animal health but, at the present time, that risk is not quantifiable.
Croatian: Prikazani podatci pokazuju opasnost za zdravlje ljudi i životinja, ali se u ovom trenutku taj rizik ne može kvantificirati.
English: Concerning the reduction of the use of antibiotics by use of zinc oxide it is considered that the clinical data were too sparse to conclude on this potential effect.
Croatian: S obzirom na mogućnost da bi se primjenom cinkova oksida smanjila primjena antibiotika, smatra se da su klinički podatci previše oskudni da bi se zaključilo o tom potencijalnom učinku.
English: A number of marketing authorisation holders referred to the European Union Risk Assessment Report (EU RAR) on zinc (2010)12 in their effect assessment.
Croatian: U procjenama učinaka, nekoliko nositelja odobrenja za stavljanje u promet pozivalo se na Izvješće Europske unije o procjeni rizika (European Union Risk Assessment Report, EU RAR) za cink (2010.)12.
English: The Metal Bioavailability Assessment Tool is based on the outputs from the zinc Biotic Ligand Models and the dataset used in the derivation of the Environmental Quality Standard for zinc, and only requires input data for water pH, dissolved organic carbon and dissolved calcium concentration, but does not take into account the presence of other ions that could affect zinc speciation and, hence, bioavailability.
Croatian: Alat za procjenu bioraspoloživosti metala temelji se na izlaznim podatcima modela biotičkog liganda za cink i skupu podataka upotrijebljenih u izradi standarda kvalitete okoliša za cink, potrebni su samo ulazni podatci za pH vode, otopljeni organski ugljik i koncentraciju otopljenog kalcija, ali ne uzima u obzir prisutnost drugih iona koji mogu utjecati na specijaciju cinka i, stoga, na bioraspoloživost.
English: Considering the duration of the administration of high amounts of zinc in the feed of weaned piglets (between 2500 and 3000 ppm of zinc), Hollis (2000)6 advises that administration of high zinc content feed should not be prolonged for more than two weeks after weaning, and that zinc used should be in the form of zinc oxide.
Croatian: Uzimajući u obzir trajanje primjene velikih količina cinka u hrani prasadi odviknute od sisanja (između 2500 i 3000 ppm cinka), Hollis (2000)6 smatra da primjena hrane s velikim količinama cinka ne smije trajati dulje od dva tjedna od prestanka sisanja te da upotrijebljeni cink treba biti u obliku cinkova oksida.
English: The IDMM predicts the long-term mass balance of metals, with defined inputs (e.g. veterinary medicinal products usage) and outputs (e.g. crop off-take, ageing), and concludes that zinc will accumulate in soil following continual application of treated manure with acidic sandy soils being most vulnerable as these soils have a tendency to accumulate zinc more rapidly than other type of soils and will also have a higher drainage and run-off of zinc to surface water.
Croatian: Model IDMM predviđa dugoročnu ravnotežu masa metala, s definiranim unosima (npr. upotreba veterinarsko-medicinskih proizvoda) i rezultatima (npr. preuzimanje kroz usjev, starenje), i zaključuje da će se cink akumulirati u zemlji nakon kontinuirane primjene obrađenog gnojiva, pri čemu su kisela pjeskovita tla najosjetljivija, jer su ta tla sklona akumulirati cink brže od drugih tipova tla te također imaju veću stopu drenaže i istjecanja cinka u površinske vode.
English: Zinc oxide for weanling piglets.
Croatian: 8 Poulsen HD. 1995. Zinc oxide for weanling piglets.
English: The CVMP confirmed that, at this level, zinc oxide cannot be considered as an excipient only and that furthermore, considering the substantial amount of zinc oxide present in the aforementioned products (Enteroxid N AMV aniMedica and aniMedica Enteroxid N), the classification of the substance as an excipient or active substance is not relevant.
Croatian: CVMP je potvrdio da se pri toj koncentraciji cinkov oksid ne može smatrati samo kao pomoćna tvar te da štoviše, uzimajući u obzir značajnu količinu cinkova oksida prisutnu u spomenutim proizvodima (Enteroxid N AMV aniMedica i aniMedica Enteroxid N), klasifikacija tvari kao pomoćna tvar ili djelatna tvar nije relevantna.
English: The conclusion of this study was that adding 2400 ppm zinc (as zinc oxide) for 14 days after weaning reduces the incidence of diarrhoea.
Croatian: Zaključak ovog ispitivanja bio je da se dodavanjem 2400 ppm cinka (kao cinkov oksid) tijekom 14 dana nakon prestanka sisanja smanjuje pojavu proljeva.
English: The published data from Hu et al. (Hu et al., 2013a3; Hu et al., 2013b4) showed in two different nonGCP studies a statistically significant effect on faecal consistency (scored from 1 to 5) of the feed supplementation with 2250 ppm zinc in weaned piglets (aged 21 days) for 14 days, in comparison with a negative control.
Croatian: Objavljeni podatci Hua et al. (Hu et al., 2013a3; Hu et al., 2013b4) pokazali su u dva različita ispitivanja, koja također nisu bila u skladu s dobrom kliničkom praksom, statistički značajan učinak na konzistenciju fecesa (bodovano od 1 do 5) kada se hrani prasadi koja je prestala sisati (u dobi od 21 dana) dodavalo 2250 ppm cinka tijekom 14 dana, u usporedbi s negativnom kontrolom.
English: The results of the environmental risk assessment for Gutal reflect the conclusion from EFSA on zinc i.e. there is a potential environmental concern related to the aquatic compartment (including sediment), with acidic, sandy, well-drained soils being most vulnerable to these processes.
Croatian: Rezultati procjene rizika u okolišu za Gutal odražavaju zaključak EFSA-e za cink, tj. postoji potencijalna zabrinutost za okoliš s obzirom na vodeni dio okoliša (uključujući sediment), s tim da su kisela, pjeskovita, dobro isušena tla najosjetljivija na ove procese.
English: The zinc oxide supplementation was given for three weeks from weaning and the challenge performed four days after weaning.
Croatian: Cinkov oksid kao dodatak davan je tri tjedna od prestanka sisanja, a zaraživanje je provedeno četiri dana poslije prestanka sisanja.
English: It should be noted that no information supporting a seven days administration of zinc oxide was available.
Croatian: Treba napomenuti da nisu postojali podatci koji bi potkrijepili primjenu cinkova oksida u trajanju od sedam dana.
English: The degree of stress experienced during the weaning period in piglets varies with age of weaning (more stress in younger piglets) and husbandry conditions, and can influence the severity of post-weaning diarrhoea.
Croatian: Stupanj stresa koji prasad doživljava za vrijeme odvikavanja od sisanja varira s njihovom starošću u trenutku odvikavanja (veći stres u mlađe prasadi) te uvjetima stočarstva, i može utjecati na težinu proljeva u razdoblju poslije sisanja.
English: The marketing authorisation holders, while acknowledging that there is a risk to the environment due to accumulation of zinc, are proposing to collect data on the sale and consumption of veterinary medicinal products containing zinc oxide within the ESVAC activity, as it is already done with antibiotics, as such data would help to further investigate the use and consequent environmental impact of zinc oxide when used as a veterinary medicinal product.
Croatian: Prihvaćajući da postoji rizik za okoliš zbog akumulacije cinka, nositelji odobrenja za stavljanje u promet predlažu prikupljanje podataka o prodaji i potrošnji veterinarsko-medicinskih proizvoda koji sadrže cinkov oksid unutar aktivnosti ESVAC-a, kao što je već učinjeno za antibiotike, jer bi takvi podatci pomogli daljnjem istraživanju upotrebe i posljedičnog utjecaja na okoliš cinkova oksida kada se koristi kao veterinarsko-medicinski proizvod.
English: A study to evaluate the effects of adding high amounts of zinc in the diets of weaned pigs (Lima et al., 1994)9 included 162 piglets from a farm with a previous history of diarrhoea due to E. coli.
Croatian: Ispitivanje kojim se procjenjivao učinak dodavanja velikih količina cinka u prehranu prasadi odviknute od sisanja (Lima et al., 1994.)9 uključio je 162 praseta s farme na kojoj je prije utvrđen proljev prouzročen E. coli.
English: Several of the publications submitted in support of the dose were not relevant since the investigations either focused on the growth benefits of zinc oxide or clinical trials combining both zinc oxide and antimicrobials.
Croatian: Nekoliko publikacija dostavljenih za potkrepu doze nije bilo relevantno, jer su se istraživanja ili fokusirala na koristi cinkova oksida za rast ili na klinička ispitivanja u kojima je cinkov oksid kombiniran s antimikrobnim lijekovima.
English: For all compartments, risks have been identified for some scenarios at the application rates investigated.
Croatian: Za svaki dio okoliša rizici su identificirani za neke scenarije u istraženim stopama primjene.
English: Advantages of the combination sulfagunidine and zinc oxide versus the use of the individual substances were not provided.
Croatian: Nisu navedene ni prednosti primjene kombinacije sulfagvinidina i cinkova oksida naspram primjene pojedinačnih tvari.
English: In 45% of all soil samples, PNECs were already exceeded.
Croatian: PNEC vrijednosti bile su već premašene u 45 % uzoraka tla.
English: With regard to environmental risks, the marketing authorisation holders consider that in the initial assessment the CVMP did not use the risk assessment methodology applied during the EU RAR on zinc, and argues that the developments in the scientific literature published after the EU RAR on zinc, on how to incorporate metal bioavailability in the a risk assessment, were not taken into consideration.
Croatian: S obzirom na rizike za okoliš, nositelji odobrenja za stavljanje u promet smatraju da u svojoj inicijalnoj procjeni CVMP nije koristio metodologiju procjene rizika kakva je bila kod EU RAR-a za cink te navodi da dostignuća opisana u znanstvenoj literaturi objavljenoj poslije EU RAR-a za cink, te kako uključiti bioraspoloživost metala u procjenu rizika, nisu bili uzeti u obzir.
English: Following the CVMP opinion of 8 December 2016 on this referral procedure, several marketing authorisation holders (aniMedica GmbH, Huvepharma N.V., DSM Nutritional Products (UK) Ltd., Provimi Ltd., Andrés Pintaluba S.A., Bio Vet Aps, Calier Portugal S.A., Dunavet-B Zrt., Industrial Veterinaria S.A., Laboratorios Calier S.A., Laboratorios Support Pharma S.L., S.C. Crida Pharm S.R.L., ScanVet Animal Health A/S, Sintofarm S.p.A, Tekro, spol.
Croatian: Nakon mišljenja CVMP-a od 8. prosinca 2016. o ovom arbitražnom postupku, nekoliko nositelja odobrenja za stavljanje u promet (aniMedica GmbH, Huvepharma N.V., DSM Nutritional Products (UK) Ltd., Provimi Ltd., Andrés Pintaluba S.A., Bio Vet Aps, Calier Portugal S.A., Dunavet-B Zrt., Industrial Veterinaria S.A., Laboratorios Calier S.A., Laboratorios Support Pharma S.L., S.C. Crida Pharm S.R.L., ScanVet Animal Health A/S, Sintofarm S.p.A, Tekro, spol. s r.o., Vepidan Aps, Vetlima S.A., Vetoquinol Biowet Sp. z o. o. i Vetpharma Animal Health S.L.) tražilo je preispitivanje mišljenja CVMP-a.
English: The CVMP concluded that when using the added risk approach, then:
Croatian: Kada se koristi pristup dodanog rizika, CVMP je zaključio:
English: The marketing authorisation holder Huvepharma presented a pragmatic approach on their exposure assessment on Gutal and considered the results from a model used by EFSA (the Intermediate Dynamic Model for Metal (IDMM) by Monteiro et al. (2010))19 for estimating the environmental exposure from the use of zinc oxide as feed additive.
Croatian: Nositelj odobrenja za stavljanje u promet, tvrtka Huvepharma, iznijela je pragmatički pristup o njihovoj procjeni izloženosti za Gutal i razmatrala rezultate modela koje je upotrijebila Europska agencija za sigurnost hrane - EFSA (Intermediate Dynamic Model for Metal (IDMM) autora Monteiro et al. (2010.))19 za procjenu izloženosti okoliša kod primjene cinkova oksida kao dodatka u hrani.
English: In some of the other trials, no diarrhoea was observed in the piglet groups.
Croatian: U nekim drugim ispitivanjima u skupini prasadi nije opažen proljev.
English: Data indicates that the annual application of manure coming from farms where animals are treated with veterinary products containing zinc oxide, results in the gradual and continuous increase of zinc in soil, water and sediment systems.
Croatian: Podatci pokazuju da godišnja primjena gnojiva koje dolazi s farmi gdje su životinje liječene veterinarskim proizvodima koji sadrže cinkov oksid, rezultira postupnim i kontinuiranim povećanjem cinka u tlu, vodi i sedimentu.
English: Based on the data on Gutal, to assess the risk for each compartment following extended application of manure to land, PECs and PNEC values for each FOCUS21 scenario were compared at three time points (years: 2020, 2040, 2060), using two application rates: application rate of 7 kg zinc ha-1 a-1 and a lower application rate of 4 kg zinc ha-1 a-1.
Croatian: Na temelju podataka za Gutal, za procjenu rizika od produljene primjene gnojiva na tlo za svaki dio okoliša, PEC-ovi i vrijednosti PNEC-a za svaki scenarij FOCUS-a21 uspoređeni su u tri vremenske točke (godine: 2020., 2040., 2060.) za dvije stope primjene: stopu primjene od 7 kg cinka ha-1 a-1 i nižu stopu primjene od 4 kg cinka ha-1 a-1.
English: Veterinary medicinal products containing zinc oxide are used for the treatment and/or prevention and control of post-weaning diarrhoea in piglets.
Croatian: Veterinarsko-medicinski proizvodi koji sadrže cinkov oksid namijenjeni su za liječenje ili sprječavanje i kontrolu proljeva u prasadi nakon prestanka sisanja.
English: Several marketing authorisation holders provided proprietary studies for veterinary medicinal products containing zinc oxide as single active substance.
Croatian: Nekoliko nositelja odobrenja za stavljanje u promet objavilo je vlastita zaštićena ispitivanja za veterinarsko-medicinske proizvode koji sadrže cinkov oksid kao jedinu djelatnu tvar.
English: In this report, monitoring data in soil from Denmark showed that the use of pig slurry on soils has led to a significant increase in total soil concentrations of zinc, especially in the latest monitoring period from 1998 to 2014.
Croatian: U tom ispitivanju, podatci praćenja za tla u Danskoj pokazali su da je nenošenje svinjskog gnoja na tla dovelo do značajnog porasta ukupnih koncentracija cinka u tlu, osobito u najnovijem razdoblju praćenja od 1998. do 2014.
English: At this time a detailed risk assessment to examine the risk(s) associated with the co-selection for antimicrobial resistance following the use of zinc oxide is not available.
Croatian: U ovom trenutku, detaljna procjena rizika kojom se ispituju rizici povezani s ko-selekcijom antimikrobne rezistencije nakon primjene cinkova oksida nije dostupna.
English: Consequently, bioavailability was not considered for exposure calculations (establishing the PECs), thus leading to a risk assessment that did not account for the bioavailable fraction of zinc but rather for the total zinc concentrations (bioavailable and non-bioavailable).
Croatian: Posljedično tomu, bioraspoloživost nije uzeta u obzir prilikom izračuna izlaganja (utvrđivanje PEC-ova), što je rezultiralo procjenom rizika koja nije uzela u obzir frakciju bioraspoloživog cinka, već ukupne koncentracije cinka (bioraspoložive i nebioraspoložive).
English: Consequently, the CVMP considered that the PNECs proposed by the marketing authorisation holder Huvepharma can be used for the characterisation of risks (calculation of risk quotients (RQs)) of veterinary products containing zinc oxide to be used orally in food producing animals.
Croatian: Posljedično tomu, CVMP je smatrao da se PNEC-ovi koje je predložio nositelj odobrenja za stavljanje u promet, Huvepharma mogu upotrijebiti za karakterizaciju rizika (izračun kvocijenta rizika (RQ)) veterinarskih proizvoda koji sadrže cinkov oksid za peroralnu primjenu u životinja namijenjenih za proizvodnju hrane.
English: Tolerance
Croatian: Podnošljivost
English: In the study from Trckova et al. (2015)5, clinical observation of weaned piglets challenged with enterotoxic E. coli demonstrated a lower diarrhoea score and diarrhoea incidence in the treated animals (fed with a diet containing 2500 ppm zinc oxide in feed) than in the control animals (untreated pigs).
Croatian: U ispitivanju koje su proveli Trckova et al. (2015.)5, kliničko opažanje prasadi zaražene nakon prestanka sisanja enterotoksičnom E. coli, pokazalo je niži rezultat za proljev i incidenciju proljeva u liječenih životinja (hranjene hranom koja je sadržavala 2500 ppm cinkova oksida) nego kontrolne životinje (neliječena prasad).
English: However, and as noted above, the previously suggested risk mitigation measures would slow down the accumulation of zinc in each compartment, thus just delaying the total zinc accumulation in the environment (i.e. the time when PEC will exceed PNECs), but given the nature of zinc they cannot guarantee that they can effectively eliminate imminent and future environmental risks identified in the risk assessment.
Croatian: Međutim, kako je već spomenuto, prethodno predložene mjere za smanjenje rizika usporile bi akumulaciju cinka u svakom dijelu okoliša čime bi se ukupna akumulacija cinka samo odgodila u okolišu (tj. vrijeme kada će PEC premašiti PNEC-ove), ali s obzirom na prirodu cinka oni ne mogu jamčiti da će djelotvorno eliminirati neposredne i buduće rizike za okoliš koji su identificirani u procjeni rizika.
English: Despite these uncertainties, considering the nature of the active substance, as an inorganic molecule, and the difficulties identified throughout the application procedure in terms of assessing the environmental risk for a compound ‘outside' of current CVMP/VICH guidance, it may be accepted that the estimated PEC values extrapolated from the IDMM outputs offer a reasonable reflection of the environmental exposure for use in the risk characterisation for Gutal.
Croatian: Unatoč tim nesigurnostima, s obzirom na prirodu djelatne tvari kao anorganske molekule, te teškoće identificirane tijekom postupka prijave u smislu procjene rizika za okoliš za spoj „izvan” aktualne smjernice CVMP-a/ VICH-a, može se prihvatiti da procijenjene PEC vrijednosti dobivene ekstrapolacijom iz izlaznih vrijednosti IDMM-a predstavljaju odraz izloženosti okoliša prikladan za karakterizaciju rizika za Gutal.
English: On the other hand, using the bioavailability correction approach, and considering within this approach that bioavailability is dependent on soil type and the time zinc was incorporated onto soil (i.e., zinc aging), the bioavailable fraction was for both
Croatian: S druge strane, koristeći pristup korekcije bioraspoloživosti i uzimajući u obzir unutar tog pristupa da bioraspoloživost ovisi o tipu tla i vremenu koje je cink uključen u tlo (tj. starenje cinka), bioraspoloživa
English: In the frame of the aforementioned procedure, the Committee for Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use (CVMP) considered that there is some uncertainty associated with the calculated risks for some environmental compartments as the predicted environmental concentration (PEC) due to the use of zinc as a veterinary medicinal product could not be validated, and the predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) did not always account for zinc bioavailability (specifically for the sediment compartment).
Croatian: U okviru spomenutog postupka, Odbor za veterinarsko-medicinske proizvode (CVMP) smatra da postoji određena nesigurnost povezana s izračunatim rizicima za neke dijelove okoliša, jer se za cink predviđena koncentracija u okolišu (engl. predicted environmental concentration, PEC) nastala zbog upotrebe cinka kao veterinarsko-medicinskog proizvoda ne može potvrditi, a predviđena koncentracija bez učinka (engl. predicted environmental concentration, PNEC) nije uvijek objasnila biološku raspoloživost cinka (osobito za sediment).
English: • the CVMP considered that based on the available data the clinical benefit of the veterinary medicinal products containing colistin sulfate and zinc oxide cannot be demonstrated;
Croatian: • CVMP smatra da na temelju dostupnih podataka klinička korist veterinarsko-medicinskih proizvoda koji sadrže kolistin sulfat i cinkov oksid ne može biti dokazana;
English: This effect is limited to prevention of unspecific diarrhoeas occurring at post-weaning period in piglets.
Croatian: Učinak je ograničen na sprječavanje nespecifičnog proljeva koji se događa u prasadi u razdoblju nakon prestanka sisanja.
English: As a result, the CVMP considers that the environmental risk assessment presented above for all zinc oxide mono-products is also adequate to predict environmental risks from the use of Enteroxid products in the EU.
Croatian: Kao rezultat, CVMP smatra da je prethodno opisana procjena rizika za okoliš za sve proizvode koji sadrže samo cinkov oksid, također odgovarajuća za predviđanje rizika za okoliš koji nastaje od upotrebe Enteroxid proizvoda u EU.
English: • A risk of zinc to soil dwelling species will on average be reached in approximately 31 years in sandy soils.
Croatian: • rizik od cinka za vrste životinja koje žive u tlu bit će u prosjeku dosegnut za približno 31 godinu u pjeskovitim tlima.
English: As a result, procedural and legal considerations are not within the remit of the CVMP; therefore during the re-examination of the present referral procedure the CVMP considered only the marketing authorisation holders' scientific grounds for reexamination.
Croatian: Stoga je tijekom ponovne procjene sadašnjeg arbitražnog postupka CVMP razmatrao samo znanstvene razloge za ponovnu procjenu nositelja odobrenja za stavljanje u promet.
English: The Committee acknowledged that there is a risk of coselection for resistance associated with the use of zinc oxide, but at the present time, that risk is not quantifiable.
Croatian: Odbor je prihvatio da postoji rizik od koselekcije za rezistenciju povezanu s primjenom cinkova oksida, ali se u ovom trenutku taj rizik ne može kvantificirati.