FrancophonIA/ELRC3.0 huggingface dataset:
English: The frequency of adverse reactions is defined using the following convention: - very common (more than 1 in 10 animals displaying adverse reactions during the course of one treatment) - common (more than 1 but less than 10 animals in 100 animals) - uncommon (more than 1 but less than 10 animals in 1,000 animals) - rare (more than 1 but less than 10 animals in 10,000 animals) - very rare (less than 1 animal in 10,000 animals, including isolated reports).
Maltese: kura waħda) - komuni (aktar minn wieħed iżda inqas minn 10 annimali f'100 annimal) - mhux komuni (aktar minn wieħed iżda inqas minn 10 annimali f'1,000 annimal) - rari (aktar minn wieħed iżda inqas minn 10 annimali f'10,000 annimal) - rari ħafna (inqas minn annimal wieħed f'10,000 annimal, inklużi rapporti iżolati).
English: In calves, transient local tissue reactions may occur in very rare cases and may be observed up to 14 days.
Maltese: Fl-għoġġiela, jista' jkun hemm reazzjonijiet lokali temporanji fit-tessut f'każijiet rari ħafna u jistgħu jiġu osservati sa 14-il jum.
English: 50 ml and 100 ml in a cardboard box.
Maltese: 50 ml u 100 ml f'kaxxa tal-kartun.
English: Active substance:
Maltese: Sustanza mhux attiva:
English: Use only accordingly to the benefit/risk assessment by the responsible veterinarian.
Maltese: Uża biss skont ilvalutazzjoni benefiċċji/riskji mill-veterinarju responsabbli.
English: The critical PK parameters in milk were determined following intravenous administration of the 100 mg/ml strength and used to calculate the predictive PK/PD ratios together with MIC90 values for E. coli.
Maltese: Il-parametri PK kritiċi fil-ħalib ġew determinati wara l-amministrazzjoni intravenali tal-qawwa ta' 100 mg/ml u ġew użati għall-kalkolu tal-proporzjonijiet PK/PD ta' previżjoni flimkien mal-valuri MIC90 għal E. coli.
English: It has antibacterial activity against a broad spectrum of Gram-negative and Grampositive bacteria.
Maltese: Għandu attività antibatterika kontra firxa wiesgħa ta' batterji Gram-negattivi u Gram-pożittivi.
English: Cross-resistance within the fluoroquinolone class of antimicrobials is common.
Maltese: Irreżistenza trasversali fi ħdan il-klassi fluoroquinolone ta' antimikrobiċi hija komuni.
English: Dogs, cats, rabbits, rodents (excluded: guinea pigs, hamster), exotic animals (reptiles, avian species), pigs (piglet, pigs < 30 kg bw)
Maltese: Klieb, qtates, fniek, rodituri (eskluż: fniek tal-indi, hamster), annimali eżotiċi (rettili, speċi avjani), ħnieżer (qżieqeż, ħnieżer < 30 kg bw)
English: Excipient: n-Butyl alcohol
Maltese: alkoħol n-Butyl
English: Meat and offal: 13 days.
Maltese: Laħam u interjuri: 13-il jum.
English: Taking into account all data available (clinical, PK/PD and antimicrobial resistance data), the CVMP considered that this indication can be accepted.
Maltese: Filwaqt li qies id-dejta kollha disponibbli (dejta klinika, PK/PD u dwar ir-reżistenza antimikrobika), is-CVMP qies li din l-indikazzjoni tista' tiġi aċċettata.
English: Meat and offal: 6 days.
Maltese: Laħam u interjuri: 6 ijiem.
English: Dose rate (mg/kg bw) Route of administration sc sc sc im im
Maltese: Rata ta' doża (mg/kg bw) Mnejn jingħata sc sc im im iv sc
English: Pack-sizes:
Maltese: Nagħaġ:
English: Tmax (h)
Maltese: Half-life (h)
English: Calves:
Maltese: Qtates:
English: As stated in CVMP reflection paper on the use of fluoroquinolones in food producing animalsPrecautions for use in the SPC regarding prudent use guidance6, fluoroquinolones should be reserved for the treatment of clinical conditions which have responded poorly, or are expected to respond poorly, to other classes of antimicrobials.
Maltese: 6 CVMP reflection paper on the use of fluoroquinolones in food producing animals - Precautions for use in the SPC
English: MANUFACTURER'S BATCH NUMBER] Batch{number}
Maltese: NUMRU TAL-LOTT TAL-MANIFATTUR] {Numru} tal-lott
English: Potassium hydroxide
Maltese: Potassium hydroxide Ilma għall-injezzjonijiet
English: Enrofloxacin is rapidly absorbed after parenteral injection.
Maltese: Enrofloxacin huwa assorbit malajr wara injezzjoni parenterali.
English: Overall summary of the scientific evaluation of Baytril 2.5% injectable, Baytril 5% injectable and Baytril 10% injectable and their associated names (see Annex I)
Maltese: Sommarju ġenerali tal-valutazzjoni xjentifika ta' Baytril 2.5% injettabbli, Baytril 5% injettabbli u Baytril 10% injettabbli u l-ismijiet assoċjati tagħhom (ara Anness I)
English: The results from the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) analysis with M. haemolytica were not fully predictive of clinical efficacy.
Maltese: Irriżultati mill-analiżi farmakokinetika/farmakodinamika (PK/PD) bi M. haemolytica ma kinux predikattivi bis-sħiħ tal-effikaċja klinika.
English: Bayer Health Care AG D-51368 Leverkusen Germany
Maltese: Ir-Rumanija Bayer Health Care AG D-51368 Leverkusen Germany
English: Meat and offal: 4 days.
Maltese: Laħam u interjuri: 4 ijiem.
English: Resistance to fluoroquinolones has been reported to arise from five sources, (i) point mutations in the genes encoding for DNA gyrase and/or topoisomerase IV leading to alterations of the respective enzyme, (ii) alterations of drug permeability in Gram-negative bacteria, (iii) efflux mechanisms, (iv) plasmid mediated resistance and (v) gyrase protecting proteins.
Maltese: Ir-reżistenza għall-fluoroquinoles ġiet irrapportata li tirriżulta minn ħames sorsi, (i) mutazzjonijiet talpunt fil-ġeni li jikkodifikaw għall-gyrase tad-DNA u/jew għat-topoisomerase IV li jwasslu għal bidliet fl-enzima rispettiva, (ii) bidliet fil-permeabilità tal-mediċina f'batterji Gram-negattivi, (iii)
English: 6.5 Nature and composition of immediate packaging Brown glass (type I) vials with a chlorobutyl polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) stopper and with a flipoff cap with aluminium case and plastic flip-off button.
Maltese: Kunjetti tal-ħġieġ kannella (tip I) b'tapp tal-chlorobutyl polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) u b'għatu flipoff b'kisja tal-aluminju u buttuna tal-plastik flip-off.
English: France referred the issue due to divergent national decisions having been taken by the Member States (EU/EEA) resulting in discrepancies in the product information for Baytril 2.5% injectable, Baytril 5% injectable and Baytril 10% injectable and their associated names.
Maltese: Franza irriferiet il-kwistjoni minħabba li l-Istati Membri (UE/ŻEE) kienu ħadu deċiżjonijiet nazzjonali diverġenti li wasslu għal diskrepanzi fl-informazzjoni dwar il-prodott għal Baytril 2.5% injettabbli, Baytril 5% injettabbli u Baytril 10% injettabbli u l-ismijiet assoċjati tagħhom.
English: Regarding E. coli, a PK/PD study was conducted at the proposed dose.
Maltese: Fir-rigward ta' E. coli, twettaq studju PK/PD fid-doża proposta.
English: Pigs (piglets)
Maltese: Ħnieżer (qżieqeż)
English: No mortality was observed in the treatment groups.
Maltese: Ma ġiet osservata lebda mortalità fil-gruppi ta' kura.
English: 6 CVMP reflection paper on the use of fluoroquinolones in food producing animals - Precautions for use in the SPC regarding prudent use guidance (EMEA/CVMP/416168/2006)http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Other/2009/10/WC500005173.pdf
Maltese: regarding prudent use guidance (EMEA/CVMP/416168/2006)http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Other/2009/10/WC500005173.pdf 7 CVMP public statement on the use of (fluoro)quinolones in food-producing animals in the European Union:
English: Dose rate (mg/kg bw) Route of administration sc sc im im iv sc
Maltese: Rata ta' doża (mg/kg bw) Mnejn jingħata im im iv sc
English: Treatment of infections of the alimentary and respiratory tracts caused by enrofloxacin susceptible strains of: Escherichia coli, Pasteurella multocida and Staphylococcus spp.
Maltese: Il-kura ta' infezzjonijiet tal-passaġġi alimentari u respiratorju kkawżati minn razez suxxettibbli għal enrofloxacin ta': Escherichia coli, Pasteurella multocida u Staphylococcus spp.
English: For cats weighting less than 5 kg, the dosage of 25 mg/ml is more appropriate to avoid risk of overdosage (see section 4.10).
Maltese: Għal qtates li jiżnu anqas minn 5 kg, id-dożaġġ ta' 25 mg/ml huwa aktar xieraq biex jiġi evitat ir-riskju ta' dożaġġ eċċessiv (ara s sezzjoni 4.10).
English: Mild and transient digestive tract disorders are common with many antibiotics, including fluoroquinolones.
Maltese: Disturbi ħfief u temporanji fis-sistema diġestiva huma komuni b'ħafna antibijotiċi, inklużi lfluworokwinoloni.
English: Bioavailability is high (approximately 100% in pig and cattle) with a low to moderate plasma protein binding (approximately 20 to 50%).
Maltese: Il-bijodisponibilità hija għolja (madwar 100 % fil-ħnieżer) bi rbit tal-proteini fil-plażma baxxa jew moderata (madwar minn 20 sa 50 %).
English: Taking into account all the documentation provided, the CVMP considered that this indication can be accepted, but in the 50 mg/ml strength it should be stated as “Treatment of acute mycoplasma-associated arthritis due to enrofloxacin susceptible strains of Mycoplasma bovis”.
Maltese: Filwaqt li qies id-dokumentazzjoni kollha pprovduta, is-CVMP qies li din l-indikazzjoni tista' tiġi aċċettata, iżda fil-qawwa ta' 50 mg/ml għandha tiġi ddikjarata bħala “Il-kura ta' artrite akuta assoċjata mal-mikoplażma kkawżata minn razez ta' Mycoplasma bovis li huma suxxettibbli għal enrofloxacin”.
English: Antibacterial spectrum
Maltese: sustanzi antimikrobiċi.
English: 5-10 mg/kg bw, corresponding to 0.2-0.4 ml/kg bw, once daily by intramuscular injection for 5 consecutive days.
Maltese: 5-10 mg/kg bw, li tikkorrispondi għal 0.2-0.4 ml/kg bw, darba kuljum b'injezzjoni ġol-muskolu għal
English: Dogs, cats, pigs (piglets), rabbits, rodents, reptiles and ornamental birds.
Maltese: Klieb, qtates, ħnieżer (qżieqeż), fniek, rodituri, rettili u għasafar ornamentali.
English: The documentation provided was considered acceptable to support the efficacy of enrofloxacin against infections of the alimentary and respiratory tracts caused by Escherichia coli, Pasteurella multocida and Staphylococcus spp.
Maltese: Id-dokumentazzjoni pprovduta tqieset aċċettabbli biex tappoġġa l-effikaċja ta' enrofloxacin kontra l-infezzjonijiet tal-passaġġ alimentari u tal-passaġġ respiratorju kkawżati minn Escherichia coli, Pasteurella multocida u Staphylococcus spp.
English: Dogs, pigs, calves
Maltese: Ħnieżer, fniek, klieb, qtates
English: African Grey Parrots serum ciprofloxacin concentrations were 3-78% of the enrofloxacin dose, with an increasing ciprofloxacin/enrofloxacin ratio with multiple doses.
Maltese: Il-konċentrazzjonijiet ta' serum ciprofloxacin fil-Pappagalli Griżi Afrikani kienu 3-78 % tad-doża ta'
English: STATEMENT OF THE ACTIVE SUBSTANCE(S) AND OTHER INGREDIENT(S) One ml solution contains 25 mg enrofloxacin and 30 mg n-butyl alcohol as preservative.
Maltese: 1 ml ta' soluzzjoni fih 25 mg ta' enrofloxacin u 30 mg ta' alkoħol n-butyl bħala preservattiv.
English: Ornamental birds: 20 mg of enrofloxacin/kg bw once daily by intramuscular injection for 5-10 days.
Maltese: Għasafar ornamentali: 20 mg ta' enrofloxacin/kg tal-piż tal-ġisem darba kuljum permezz ta' injezzjoni ġol-muskoli għal 5-10 ijiem.
English: STATEMENT OF ACTIVE AND OTHER SUBSTANCES One ml solution contains:
Maltese: 1 ml ta' soluzzjoni fih: Sustanza attiva:
English: MANUFACTURER'S BATCH NUMBER Batch {number}
Maltese: NUMRU TAL-LOTT TAL-MANIFATTUR {Numru} tal-lott
English: Treatment of post-partum dysgalactiae syndrome (PDS), mastitis, metritis, agalactia (MMA syndrome) caused by enrofloxacin susceptible strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp.
Maltese: Kura tas-sindromu post-partum dysgalactiae, PDS (sindromu MMA) ikkawżata razez suxxettibbli għal enrofloxacin ta' Escherichia coli u Klebsiella spp.
English: Pigs, rabbit, dogs, cats, exotic animals (mammals, birds, reptiles)
Maltese: Ħnieżer, fniek, klieb, qtates, annimali eżotiċi (mammiferi, għasafar, rettili)
English: The high efficacy of enrofloxacin in the MMA-syndrome therapy has been confirmed by meta-analysis and systematic review of 6 clinical and susceptibility studies on MMA/PDS and enrofloxacin from the period 1990 to 1998.
Maltese: L-effikaċja għolja ta' enrofloxacin fit-terapija għassindrome MMA ġiet ikkonfermata permezz ta' metaanaliżi u rieżami sistematiku ta' sitt studji kliniċi u dwar is-suxxettibbiltà fuq MMA/PDS u enrofloxacin mill-perjodu mill-1990 sal-1998.
English: Clinical outcome was demonstrated on sows with MMA/PDS treated with enrofloxacin.
Maltese: Intwera riżultat kliniku filħnieżer nisa b'MMA/PDS ikkurati b'enrofloxacin.
English: Additionally, the efficacy was demonstrated in several studies conducted in the USA with an arginin formulation of enrofloxacin at a 7.5 mg/kg bw dose.
Maltese: Barra minn hekk, leffikaċja ntweriet f'bosta studji mwettqa fl-Istati Uniti tal-Amerika b'formulazzjoni ta' arġinina ta' enrofloxacin b'doża ta' 7.5 mg/kg bw.
English: Acute mycoplasma-associated arthritis due to enrofloxacin susceptible strains of Mycoplasma bovis: 5 mg of enrofloxacin/kg bw, corresponding to 1 ml/10 kg bw, once daily for 5 days.
Maltese: Mycoplasma bovis: 5 mg ta' enrofloxacin/kg bw, li tikkorrispondi għal 1 ml/10 kg bw, darba kuljum għal 5 ijiem.
English: STATEMENT OF THE ACTIVE SUBSTANCE(S) AND OTHER INGREDIENT(S) One ml solution contains 100 mg enrofloxacin and 30 mg n-butyl alcohol as preservative.
Maltese: 1ml ta' soluzzjoni fih 100 mg ta' enrofloxacin u 30 mg ta' alkoħol n-butyl bħala preservattiv.
English: Cats: Treatment of infections of the alimentary, respiratory and urogenital tracts (as adjunctive antibiotic therapy for pyometra), skin and wound infections, caused by susceptible strains of: Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Pasteurella spp., Klebsiella spp., Bordetella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Proteus spp.
Maltese: Il-kura ta' infezzjonijiet tal-passaġġi alimentari, respiratorji u uroġentiali (inklużi prostatite, terapija antibijotika aġġuntiva għall-pijometrija), infezzjonijiet tal-ġilda u tal-feriti, otite kkawżata minn razez suxxettibbli ta': Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Pasteurella spp., Klebsiella spp., Bordetella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Proteus spp.
English: Laboratory studies in rats and rabbits have not produced any evidence of teratogenic effects but have shown evidence of foetotoxic effects at maternotoxic doses.
Maltese: Studji fil-laboratorju fuq il-firien u l-fniek ma pprovdewx evidenza ta' effetti teratoġeniċi imma wrew evidenza ta' effetti fetotossiċi f'dożi maternotossiċi.
English: In these studies different doses were administered (overall range 1-6 mg/kg bw/day) and the study design did not allow evaluating the efficacy of each dose individually.
Maltese: F'dawn l-istudji ngħataw dożi differenti (firxa globali 1-6 mg/kg bw/jum) u d-disinn tal-istudju ma ppermettiex levalwazzjoni tal-effikaċja ta' kull doża b'mod individwali.
English: aureus LAMRSA (ST398, spa types t034 and t5210) occurring in rabbits raised intensively for meat production and involving farm workers or their family members5.
Maltese: - Studju ddeskriva l-ewwel każ ta' Staph. aureus reżistenti għall-metiċillina assoċjat malbhejjem LA-MRSA (ST398, tipi tal-ispa t034 u t5210) li seħħ fil-fniek imrobbija b'mod intensiv għall-produzzjoni tal-laħam u li jinvolvi l-ħaddiema fir-razzett u l-membri talfamilja tagħhom5.
English: Calves
Maltese: Klieb
English: 2.5 mg of enrofloxacin/kg bw, corresponding to 0.5 ml/20 kg bw, once daily by intramuscular injection for 3 days.
Maltese: 2.5 mg ta' enrofloxacin/kg bw, li tikkorrispondi għal 0.5 ml/20 kg bw, darba kuljum permezz ta'
English: Goats:
Maltese: Ħnieżer:
English: - Dosage: 10 mg/kg bw, once daily for 5 to 10 consecutive days by subcutaneous administration.
Maltese: - Dożaġġ: 10 mg/kg bw, darba kuljum għal 5 sa 10 ijiem konsekuttivi permezz ta' għoti taħt ilġilda.
English: - Dosage for ornamental birds: 20 mg/kg bw, once daily by intramuscular injection for 5-10 consecutive days.
Maltese: - Dożaġġ għall-għasafar ornamentali: 20 mg/kg bw, darba kuljum permezz ta' injezzjoni ġol muskolu għal 5-10 ijiem konsekuttivi.
English: Acute mastitis caused by Escherichia coli: 5 mg enrofloxacin/kg bw, corresponding to 1 ml/20 kg bw, by slow intravenous injection once daily for two consecutive days.
Maltese: Mastite akuta kkawżata minn Escherichia coli: 5 mg enrofloxacin/kg bw, li tikkorrispondi għal 1 ml/20 kg bw, b'injezzjoni bil-mod fil-vina darba kuljum għal jumejn konsekuttivi.
English: Sheep intended for milk production and goats do not fall into the category of major species, are by default are classified as minor species and, thus, assessed in the context of the CVMP guideline on efficacy and target animal safety data requirements for veterinary medicinal products intended for minor uses or minor species (EMEA/CVMP/EWP/117899/2004)2.
Maltese: Il-fniek huma kklassifikati bħala speċijiet minuri u għalhekk id-dejta disponibbli hija vvalutata filkuntest tal-linja gwida tas-CVMP dwar l-effikaċja u r-rekwiżiti tad-dejta dwar is-sikurezza talannimali fil-mira għall-prodotti mediċinali veterinarji maħsuba għall-użi minuri jew l-ispeċijiet minuri (EMEA/CVMP/EWP/117899/2004).
English: Cattle Calves
Maltese: Ħnieżer
English: Do not use enrofloxacin concomitantly with antimicrobial substances acting antagonistically to quinolones (e.g. macrolides, tetracyclines or phenicols).
Maltese: Tużax enrofloxican flimkien ma' sustanzi antimikrobiċi li jaġixxu antagonistikament għal quinolones (eż. makrolidi, tetraċiklini jew fenikoli).
English: In the second study, lambs with septicaemia caused by E. coli and Cl. perfringens were treated intramuscularly at the dosage of 5 mg/kg bw for 5 days.
Maltese: Fit-tieni studju, il-ħrief bis-settiċemija kkawżata minn E. coli u Cl. perfringens ġew ikkurati ġolmuskolu bid-dożaġġ ta' 5 mg/kg bw għal 5 ijiem.
English: Denmark Bayer Animal Health GmbH D-51368 Leverkusen
Maltese: Il-Finlandja Bayer Animal Health GmbH D-51368 Leverkusen
English: The PK/PD analysis shows that the PK/PD ratios are largely exceeded for Gram-negative pathogens.
Maltese: L-analiżi PK/PD turi li l-proporzjonijiet PK/PD jinqabżu eċċessivament għallpatoġeni
English: Better clinical results were observed in 3-4 weeks old animals compared to 1-2 weeks old animals.
Maltese: Ġew osservati riżultati kliniċi aħjar fl-annimali li għandhom bejn 3-4 ġimgħat meta mqabbla mal-annimali li għandhom bejn ġimgħa 1 u ġimagħtejn
English: Pigs: Meat and offal: 13 days
Maltese: Laħam u interjuri: 13-il jum
English: Following subcutaneous injection: Meat and offal: 10 days.
Maltese: Wara injezzjoni taħt il-ġilda: Laħam u interjuri: 10 ijiem.
English: 2.5 mg of enrofloxacin/kg bw, corresponding to 0.5 ml/10 kg bw, once daily by intramuscular injection for 3 days.
Maltese: 2.5 mg ta' enrofloxacin/kg bw, li tikkorrispondi għal 0.5 ml/10 kg bw, darba kuljum permezz ta'
English: Nevertheless, taking into account the available PK/PD and resistance data it has been concluded that the dose for this indication can be accepted only at 5 mg of enrofloxacin per kg bw once daily for 3 days by intramuscular injection.
Maltese: Madankollu, filwaqt li tqieset id-dejta PK/PD u dwar ir-reżistenza li hija disponibbli ġie konkluż li ddoża għal din l-indikazzjoni tista' tiġi aċċettata biss b'5 mg ta' enrofloxacin għal kull kg darba kuljum għal 3 ijiem permezz ta' injezzjoni ġol-muskolu.
English: Calves 5 mg of enrofloxacin/kg bodyweight (bw), corresponding to 1 ml/10 kg bw, once daily for 3-5 days.
Maltese: 5 mg ta' enrofloxacin/kg ta' piż tal-ġisem (bw), li jikkorrispondi għal 1 ml/10 kg bw, darba kuljum għal 3-5 ijiem.
English: Reptiles: 5-10 mg of enrofloxacin/kg bw once daily by intramuscular injection for 5 days.
Maltese: Rettili: 5-10 mg ta' enrofloxacin/kg tal-piż tal-ġisem darba kuljum permezz ta' injezzjoni ġolmuskoli għal 5 ijiem.
English: The section on interactions takes into account for all relevant interactions between enrofloxacin and other substances.
Maltese: Is-sezzjoni dwar l-interazzjonijiet tqis l-interazzjonijiet kollha rilevanti bejn enrofloxacin u sustanzi oħra.
English: Cats, dogs, sheep, cattle, pigs, goats
Maltese: Għoġġiela, ħnieżer, tjur, klieb, qtates
English: Goat milk (50 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml strengths)
Maltese: Nagħaġ (qawwiet ta' 50 mg/ml u 100 mg/ml)
English: Enrofloxacin 25 mg/ml and
Maltese: Enrofloxacin 25 mg/ml u
English: Treatment of infections of the alimentary, respiratory and urogenital tracts (as adjunctive antibiotic therapy for pyometra), skin and wound infections, caused by enrofloxacin susceptible strains of: Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Pasteurella spp., Klebsiella spp., Bordetella spp., Pseudomonas spp.
Maltese: Kura ta' infezzjonijiet fil-passaġġ alimentari, respiratorju u uroġenitali (bħala terapija antibijotika aġġuntiva għall-pjometrija), infezzjonijiet fil-ġilda u l-feriti, ikkawżati minn razez suxxettibbli għal enrofloxacin ta': Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Pasteurella spp., Klebsiella spp., Bordetella spp., Pseudomonas spp.
English: and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae.
Maltese: Pasteurella multocida, Mycoplasma spp., Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae.
English: Two enzymes essential in DNA replication and transcription, DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, have been identified as the molecular targets of fluoroquinolones.
Maltese: IV, ġew identifikati bħala l-miri molekulari ta' fluoroquinolones.
English: Dogs, cats, exotic animals (small mammals, reptiles and avian species)
Maltese: Klieb, qtates, annimali eżotiċi (mammiferi żgħar, rettili u speċijiet avjani)
English: A dose-confirmation study and a field study showed clinical efficacy of the dose of 5 mg/kg bw/day against enzootic pneumonia caused by M. haemolytica and
Maltese: Studju ta' konferma tad-doża u studju fuq ilpost urew effikaċja klinika tad-doża ta' 5 mg/kg bw/jum kontra l-pulmonite enżootika kkawżata minn M. haemolytica u P. multocida.
English: Iceland
Maltese: IdDanimarka
English: STATEMENT OF THE ACTIVE SUBSTANCE(S) AND OTHER INGREDIENT(S) One ml solution contains 50 mg enrofloxacin and 30 mg n-butyl alcohol as preservative.
Maltese: Ml ta' soluzzjoni fih 50 mg ta' enrofloxacin u 30 mg ta' alkoħol n-butyl bħala preservattiv.
English: The highest success rate was observed in calves ≤ 2 years old (71.4%), but it decreased in older animals.
Maltese: L-ogħla rata ta' suċċess ġiet osservata fl-għoġġiela ≤ sentejn (71,4%), iżda naqqset fl-annimali li għandhom iktar żmien.
English: Sweden Bayer Animal Health GmbH D-51368 Leverkusen
Maltese: Il-Bulgarija Bayer Animal Health GmbH D-51368 Leverkusen
English: Enrofloxacin is metabolized to the active substance ciprofloxacin at approximately 40% in ruminants and less than 10% in pigs.
Maltese: Enrofloxacin huwa metabolizzat għas-sustanzi attiva ciprofloxacin f'madwar 40 % firruminanti u anqas minn 10 % fil-ħnieżer.
English: (e.g. Staphylococcus aureus) and against Mycoplasma spp.
Maltese: (eż. Staphylococcus aureus) u kontra Mikoplażma spp. fid-dożi terapewtiċi rakkomandati.
English: Goat meat and offal (50 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml strengths) No residue depletion data were made available.
Maltese: Ħalib tal-mogħoż (qawwiet ta' 50 mg/ml u 100 mg/ml) Ma kien hemm l-ebda dejta disponibbli dwar it-tnaqqis tar-residwi.
English: Enrofloxacin was administered at 2.5 and 5 mg/kg bw/day intramuscularly for 3 days and by oral route.
Maltese: Enrofloxacin ingħata b'doża ta' 2.5 u 5 mg/kg bw/jum b'mod ġol-muskolu għal 3 ijiem u permezz ta' rotta orali.
English: Treatment of mastitis caused by enrofloxacin susceptible strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli.
Maltese: ikkawżati minn razez suxxettibbli għal enrofloxacin ta': Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia coli,
English: Overall drug concentrations peak at 2 hours after treatment showing an approximately 3-fold higher total exposure over the 24 hours dosing interval compared to plasma.
Maltese: Ma jkunx hemm akkumulazzjoni fil-plażma wara intervall ta' kura ta' 24 siegħa.
English: They may persist up to 28 days after the injection.
Maltese: Dan jista' jibqa' għaddej sa 28 jum wara l-injezzjoni.
English: Enrofloxacin 50 mg.
Maltese: 1 ml ta' soluzzjoni fih: Enrofloxacin 50 mg.