FrancophonIA/ELRC3.0 huggingface dataset:
English: PRAC recommended restriction of use, in the lowest dose that provides sufficient enhancement for diagnostic purposes and through appropriate warning in the product information in order to minimise the potential for accumulation of gadolinium in the brain and other organs and tissues.
Danish: PRAC anbefalede begrænsning af brugen i den laveste dosis, der giver tilstrækkelig forbedring til diagnostiske formål, og gennem passende advarsel i produktinformationen for at minimere potentialet for akkumulering af gadolinium i hjernen og andre organer og væv.
English: With regards to the claim of a lower risk of cardiovascular adverse events for Multihance, PRAC considered that nonclinical data as well as available clinical data do not indicate a difference in cardiovascular risk (inducing QT prolongation) within the delayed phase liver imaging agents.
Danish: Med hensyn til påstanden om lavere risiko for kardiovaskulære bivirkninger for MultiHance fandt PRAC, at ikkekliniske data samt tilgængelige kliniske data ikke viser nogen forskel med hensyn til kardiovaskulær risiko (inducering af QT-forlængelse) i de forsinkede fasebilleddannelsesmidler for leveren.
English: • Based on non-clinical and clinical data, both linear and macrocyclic agents have the ability to distribute to the brain.
Danish: • Baseret på ikkekliniske og kliniske data har både lineære og makrocykliske midler evnen til at fordele sig til hjernen.
English: In view of (a) the evidence suggesting that linear GdCAs release Gd from their chelating ligand molecules due to the low kinetic and thermodynamic stability; (b) the known toxicity of unchelated gadolinium; (c) the data supporting the ability of linear GdCAs to distribute and accumulate in the brain; (d) the fact that linear agents are retained and persist for up to one year or longer in the brain; and (e) the deposition in other tissues with related harm; PRAC considered that there are reasonable and serious concerns raised as to the potential of neurological harm associated with the accumulation of gadolinium in the brain.
Danish: I betragtning af a) beviserne, der indikerer, at lineære GdCA'er frigiver Gd fra deres chelaterende ligandmolekyler på grund af den lave kinetiske og termodynamiske stabilitet; b) den kendte toksicitet af uchelateret gadolinium; c) dataene, der understøtter lineære GdCA'er evne til at fordele sig og akkumulere sig i hjernen; d) det faktum, at lineære midler bevares og persisterer i op til et år eller længere i hjernen; og e) aflejringen i andre væv med tilhørende skade, vurderede PRAC, at der er rimelige og alvorlige bekymringer med hensyn til muligheden for neurologisk skade forbundet med akkumulering af gadolinium i hjernen.
English: • variation to the terms of the marketing authorisation for the intraarticular linear agent gadopentetic acid (Magnevist), and the intravenous linear agents gadoxetic acid (Primovist) and gadobenic acid (Multihance) with changes to SmPC sections 4.1, 4.2, 4.4 and 5.2, including removal of indications,
Danish: • Ændring af betingelserne i markedsføringstilladelsen for det intra-artikulære lineære middel, gadopentetinsyre (Magnevist), og de intravenøse lineære midler, gadoxinsyre (Primovist®), samt gadobensyre (MultiHance) med ændring af produktresuméets afsnit 4.1, 4.2, 4.4 og 5.2, herunder fjernelse indikationer,
English: Non-clinical evidence also shows potential for release of gadolinium from the chelating ligand in the brain with linear GdCAs, but not with macrocyclic GdCAs (Frenzel et al. 2017).
Danish: Ikkekliniske beviser viser også potentiale for frigivelse af gadolinium fra chelateringsliganden i hjernen med lineære GdCA'er, men ikke med makrocykliske GdCA'er (Frenzel et al. 2017).
English: Regarding the validity of an ex-vivo distribution study by Frenzel et al (2017), PRAC acknowledged the study does not contribute to the understanding in which form exactly Gd-based contrast agents are stored in the body, however PRAC considered that the study confirms, in line with other studies, that linear chelators lead to a higher amount of stored Gd and that there is a difference between linear and macrocyclic chelators in respect to binding to insoluble macromolecules.
Danish: Med hensyn til validiteten af en ex-vivo-distributionsundersøgelse foretaget af Frenzel et al. (2017) anerkendte PRAC, at undersøgelsen ikke bidrager til forståelsen af, i hvilken form netop Gd-baserede kontrastmidler opbevares i kroppen; men PRAC vurderede, at undersøgelsen bekræfter, i overensstemmelse med andre undersøgelser, at lineære chelatdannere fører til en højere mængde lagret Gd, og at der er forskel mellem lineære og makrocykliske chelatdannere med hensyn til binding til uopløselige makromolekyler.
English: The PRAC considered all the available data related to the safety and efficacy to the medicinal products containing gadodiamide, gadopentetic acid, gadobenic acid, gadoxetic acid, gadoteridol, gadobutrol, gadoteric acid and gadoversetamide within the procedure under Article 31 of Directive 2001/83/EC.
Danish: PRAC gennemgik alle de tilgængelige data vedrørende sikkerhed og effekt for de lægemidler, der indeholder gadodiamid, gadopentetinsyre, gadobensyre, gadoxetsyre, gadoteridol, gadobutrol, gadoterinsyre og gadoversetamid, i proceduren i henhold til artikel 31 i direktiv 2001/83/EF.
English: With regards to the consideration of the risk of NSF, whilst PRAC relied on the previous assessment and classification of the risk of NSF across the GdCAs products, PRAC considered that the NSF risk contributes to the safety profile of GdCAs and is taken into account to conclude on the whole safety profile of these products and the subsequent impact on their benefit-risk balance.
Danish: Hvad angår overvejelsen af risikoen for NSF, anså PRAC, der støtter sig til den tidligere vurdering og klassifikation af risikoen for NSF på tværs af GdCA-lægemidlerne, at NSF-risikoen bidrager til sikkerhedsprofilen for GdCA'er og er taget med i betragtning i konklusionen af disse lægemidlers samlede sikkerhedsprofil og den efterfølgende indvirkning på deres benefit/risk-forhold.
English: The highest amount of gadolinium recovered from the rat brain tissue was found to be with gadodiamide, followed by gadobenate and gadopentetate.
Danish: Den højeste mængde gadolinium, der blev udvundet af rottehjernevæv, viste sig at være med gadodiamid, efterfulgt af gadobenat og gadopentetat.
English: The CHMP, in addition, considers that the benefit-risk balance of intravenous medicinal products containing gadodiamide, gadopentetic acid, and gadoversetamide is no longer favourable.
Danish: CHMP mener desuden, at benefit/risk-forholdet for intravenøse lægemidler, der indeholder gadodiamid, gadopentetinsyre og gadoversetamid, ikke længere er fordelagtigt.
English: For the linear agent gadoxetic acid that has shown clinical utility in liver imaging, in view of its substantial liver uptake, its administration at a low dose (0.025 mmol/kg of body weight) and the short time to the delayed phase scanning (20 mins), the PRAC considered that it provides an additional benefit to patient management with an exposure to gadolinium that is minimised by the low dose administered and the short time to the delayed phase.
Danish: Med hensyn til det lineære middel, gadoxinsyre, der har vist klinisk nytte ved leverbilleddannelse, i betragtning af dets betydelige leveroptagelse, dets indgivelse i lav dosis (0,025 mmol/kg kropsvægt) samt den korte tid til den forsinkede fasescanning (20 minutter) vurderede PRAC, at dette middel giver en ekstra fordel for patientadministration med en eksponering for gadolinium, der minimeres af den indgivne lave dosis og den korte tid til den forsinkede fase.
English: Gadobenic acid also has shown to have clinical utility in the liver and undergoes hepatic uptake but to a lesser extent, requires a high dose (0.05 mmol/kg body weight), and a long time to the onset of delayed phase imaging (40 mins).
Danish: Gadobensyre har også vist sig at have klinisk anvendelighed i leveren og gennemgår hepatisk optagelse, men i mindre grad, kræver en høj dosis (0,05 mmol/kg kropsvægt) og lang tid til påbegyndelse af forsinket fasebilleddannelse (40 min.).
English: For these products, the PRAC considered that the risk can be managed though restriction of use, in the lowest dose that provides sufficient enhancement for diagnostic purposes and through appropriate warning in the product information in order to minimise the potential for accumulation of gadolinium in the brain and other organs and tissues.
Danish: For disse lægemidler vurderede PRAC, at risikoen kan styres gennem begrænsning af brugen i den laveste dosis, der giver tilstrækkelig forbedring til diagnostiske formål, og gennem passende advarsel i produktinformationen for at minimere potentialet for akkumulering af gadolinium i hjernen og andre organer og væv.
English: Accumulation in the brain
Danish: Akkumulering i hjernen
English: Therefore, taking into account the serious concerns about the potential neurological harm, deposition in other tissues and its potential risks, and the already identified risks associated with the use of linear GdCAs (including the significant risk of NSF and the gadolinium-associated plaques), the PRAC considered that the benefit in enhancement of MR images does not outweigh the known and potential risks of these products.
Danish: I betragtning af de alvorlige bekymringer vedrørende den potentielle neurologiske skade, aflejring i andre væv og de potentielle risici samt de allerede identificerede risici forbundet med brugen af lineære GdCA'er (herunder den betydelige risiko for NSF og de gadolinium-associerede plaques) anså PRAC derfor, at fordelene ved forbedring af MR-billeder ikke opvejer de kendte og potentielle risici ved disse lægemidler.
English: Adverse effects might be delayed and might be subtle, including effect on fine motor skills or cognitive impairment, particularly in those with ongoing neurological disease.
Danish: Bivirkninger kan være både forsinkede og subtile, herunder have effekt på finmotorik eller kognitiv svækkelse, især hos mennesker med aktuel neurologisk sygdom.
English: Gadoxetic acid has a substantial liver uptake, is administered at a low dose (0.025 mmol/kg of body weight) and has a short time to delayed phase scanning (20 mins).
Danish: Gadoxetsyre har en betragtelig leveroptagelse, indgives i lav dosis (0,025 mmol/kg kropsvægt) og har kort tid til den forsinkede fasescanning (20 min.).
English: However, as no specific patient group with less risk of accumulation in the brain or a safe threshold level for retention in the brain could be identified, the restriction of the use of linear GdCAs to certain indications or certain groups of patients was considered not appropriate.
Danish: Men da der ikke kunne identificeres nogen specifik patientgruppe med mindre risiko for akkumulering i hjernen eller et sikkert tærskelniveau for retention i hjernen, blev begrænsningen af anvendelsen af lineære GdCA'er for visse indikationer eller visse patientgrupper anset for uhensigtsmæssig.
English: In addition, with regards to the SmPCs of macrocyclic GdCAs (Dotarem, Prohance, and Gadovist) recommending higher dose in CNS imaging to improve visualisation and angiography but not in whole body imaging, PRAC considered that clinically relevant differences in diagnostic performance between Multihance and macrocyclic agents need to be supported by robust evidence from comparative clinical studies rather than a comparison of the approved SmPCs, which may have limitations.
Danish: Og med hensyn til produktresuméerne af makrocykliske GdCA'er (Dotarem, ProHance og GADOVIST), der anbefaler højere doser i CNS-billeddannelse for at forbedre visualisering og angiografi, men ikke i helkropsbilleddannelse, fandt PRAC desuden, at klinisk relevante forskelle i diagnostisk ydeevne mellem MultiHance og makrocykliske midler skal understøttes af solid dokumentation fra sammenlignende kliniske undersøgelser snarere end sammenligning af de godkendte produktresuméer, som kan have begrænsninger.
English: These products have an uptake by hepatocytes and can provide in addition to the dynamic phase imaging a delayed phase imaging for highly vascularised hepatic lesions and to detect lesions that are visible only in the delayed phase.
Danish: Disse lægemidler har en optagelse af hepatocytter og kan ud over den dynamiske fasebilleddannelse tilvejebringe en forsinket fasebilleddannelse for højvaskulære hepatiske læsioner og påvise læsioner, som kun er synlige i den forsinkede fase.
English: With regards to the MAH's claim that linear GdCAs do not cause more marked Gd retention and do not have a slower release from brain tissues compared to macrocyclic GdCAs, PRAC considered that the study of McDonald et al. (2017), confirming T1 hyperintensity in the rat lateral dentate nucleus 1 week after administration of macrocyclic agents (Gadovist and Prohance), has several shortcomings:
Danish: Med hensyn til påstanden fra indehaverne af markedsføringstilladelse om, at lineære GdCA'er ikke forårsager mere markant Gd-retention og ikke har en langsommere frigivelse fra hjernevæv sammenlignet med makrocykliske GdCA'er, vurderede PRAC, at undersøgelsen af McDonald et al. (2017), der bekræfter T1-hyperintensitet i rottens laterale tandede kerne 1 uge efter indgivelse af makrocykliske midler (Gadovist og Prohance), har flere mangler:
English: Non-clinical evidence also shows potential for release of gadolinium from the chelating ligand in the brain with linear GdCAs; the potential of release from the chelating ligand is not seen with macrocyclic GdCAs.
Danish: Ikkeklinisk evidens viser også potentiale for frigivelse af gadolinium fra chelateringsliganden i hjernen med lineære GdCA'er; potentialet for frigivelse fra chelateringsliganden ses ikke med makrocykliske GdCA'er.
English: There is currently a cumulative amount of evidence in the literature that gadolinium is deposited in the brain.
Danish: Der er p.t. ingen beviser i litteraturen på, at gadolinium aflejres i hjernen.
English: Furthermore, as no specific patient group with less risk of accumulation in the brain or a safe threshold level for retention in the brain could be identified, the restriction of the use of linear GdCAs to certain indications or certain groups of patients was considered not appropriate.
Danish: Da der ydermere ikke kunne identificeres nogen specifik patientgruppe med mindre risiko for akkumulering i hjernen eller et sikkert tærskelniveau for retention i hjernen, blev begrænsningen af anvendelsen af lineære GdCA'er for visse indikationer eller visse patientgrupper anset for uhensigtsmæssig.
English: However, in view of the extent of the hepatic uptake, the high dose (0.05 mmol/kg body weight) required and the long time to the onset of delayed phase imaging (40 mins), the PRAC considered that the benefit of gadobenic acid containing products in all the authorised indication including the liver imaging does not outweigh the potential and identified risks associated to the use of this product.
Danish: På grund af omfanget af den hepatiske optagelse, den påkrævede høje dosis (0,05 mmol/kg kropsvægt) og den lange tid inden igangsætning af forsinket fasebilleddannelse (40 minutter) anså PRAC, at fordelen ved lægemidler, som indeholder gadobensyre, i hele den autoriserede indikation, herunder leverbilleddannelsen, ikke opvejer de potentielle og identificerede risici forbundet med brugen af dette lægemiddel.
English: This is a clinically relevant benefit as they allow enhancement of dynamic phase liver imaging for highly vascularised hepatic lesions and also detection of lesions that are visible only in the delayed phase.
Danish: Dette er en klinisk relevant fordel, da de muliggør forbedring af dynamisk fasebilleddannelse af leveren for meget vaskulariserede leverlæsioner foruden påvisning af læsioner, der kun er synlige i den forsinkede fase.
English: In view of the affected brain areas (including DN and GP), potential neurological effects would include effects on fine motor skills or cognitive impairment, particularly in patients with ongoing neurological disease, which may mask these events.
Danish: På baggrund af de berørte hjerneområder (herunder DN og GP) vil potentielle neurologiske virkninger indbefatte virkninger på finmotoriske færdigheder eller kognitiv svækkelse, især hos patienter med aktuelle neurologiske sygdomme, der kan maskere disse hændelser.
English: With regards to the claim that gadodiamide (Omniscan) has a unique indication in myocardial perfusion imaging PRAC considered that the whole body MRI indication encompasses imaging of the heart, including myocardial perfusion imaging.
Danish: Med hensyn til påstanden om, at gadodiamid (Omniscan) har en unik indikation i billeddannelse af myokardieperfusion, fandt PRAC, at helkrops-MRI-indikation omfatter billeddannelse af hjertet, herunder billeddannelse af myokardieperfusion.
English: Deposition of gadolinium in the brain
Danish: Aflejring af gadolinium i hjernen
English: For lifting the suspension, the PRAC recommended that MAHs should provide evidence:
Danish: Til ophævelse af suspenderingen anbefalede PRAC, at indehaverne af markedsføringstilladelserne skal tilvejebringe evidens:
English: For the suspension of intravenous medicinal products containing gadodiamide, gadopentetic acid, and gadoversetamide to be lifted, the marketing authorisation holder(s) shall submit evidence:
Danish: For at suspenderingen af intravenøse lægemidler, der indeholder gadodiamid, gadopentetinsyre og gadoversetamid, kan ophæves, skal indehaveren/indehaverne af markedsføringstilladelse fremlægge dokumentation:
English: Therefore the benefit of gadoxetic acid outweighs its risk.
Danish: Derfor opvejer fordelene ved gadoxinsyre midlets egen risiko.
English: Macrocyclic GdCAs
Danish: Makrocykliske GdCA'er
English: PRAC also considered the two linear GdCAs, gadoxetic acid and gadobenic acid in the liver imaging indication.
Danish: PRAC overvejede også de to lineære GdCA'er, gadoxinsyre og gadobensyre, i leverbilleddannelsesindikationen.
English: Accumulation of Gd in the brain
Danish: Akkumulering af Gd i hjernen
English: Therefore, in view of the evidence regarding accumulation of Gd in brain and the plausible harmful effects, and accumulation of Gd in other tissues and the identified related risk, and considering that less restrictive risk minimisation measures are not feasible or not sufficient to bring the risk of accumulation of gadolinium in the brain and other tissues to an acceptable level, PRAC considered the suspension of the marketing authorisation of intravenous linear GdCAs is the most appropriate measure to mitigate the risks related to these products.
Danish: akkumulering af Gd i hjernen og plausible skadelige virkninger samt akkumulering af Gd i andet væv og den identificerede relaterede risiko samt i betragtning af, at mindre restriktive risikominimeringsforanstaltninger ikke er mulige eller ikke er tilstrækkelige til at bringe risikoen for akkumulering af gadolinium i hjernen og andet væv ned på acceptabelt niveau, anså PRAC derfor suspendering af markedsføringstilladelsen til intravenøse lineære GdCA'er er den mest hensigtsmæssige foranstaltning til at mindske de risici, der er forbundet med disse lægemidler.
English: Based on the knowledge of the function of the affected brain areas (including DN and GP), these effects would include effects on fine motor skills or cognitive impairment, particularly in those with ongoing neurological disease which may mask these events.
Danish: På baggrund af viden om funktionen af de påvirkede områder i hjernen (herunder DN og GP) vil disse virkninger omfatte effekter på finmotorik eller kognitiv svækkelse, især hos personer med aktuel neurologisk sygdom, der kan maskere syntese-events.
English: There are practical difficulties in clinical daily life for implementing an effective restriction of the number of doses administered during the lifetime of a patient.
Danish: I den kliniske hverdag er der praktiske vanskeligheder ved at gennemføre en effektiv begrænsning af antallet af doser, der indgives igennem en patients levetid.
English: Linear GdCAs products
Danish: Lineære GdCA-lægemidler
English: These products undergo hepatic uptake, and have therefore a clinical utility for imaging poorly vascularised hepatic lesions, especially in the delayed phase imaging, that cannot be adequately studied with agents without hepatic uptake and thus allowing early diagnosis of potentially life threatening diseases.
Danish: Disse lægemidler gennemgår hepatisk optagelse og har derfor en klinisk anvendelighed til billeddannelse af dårligt vaskulariserede hepatiske læsioner, især i den forsinkede fasebilleddannelse, der ikke kan undersøges tilstrækkeligt med midler uden hepatisk optagelse, og dermed giver mulighed for tidlig diagnosticering af potentielt livstruende sygdomme.
English: • In relation to the Magnevist (gadopentetic acid) for intra-articular injection, in view of the low dose, the limited potential for repeated exposure for patients and the absence of evidence of brain accumulation, CHMP considered that the benefits of this product outweigh its risks.
Danish: • I forhold til Magnevist (gadopentetinsyre) til intra-artikulær injektion, anså CHMP, i betragtning af den lave dosis, den begrænsede potentielle re-eksponering for patienter og fraværet af evidens for hjerneakkumulering, at fordelene ved dette lægemiddel opvejer risiciene .
English: • In relation to the Magnevist (gadopentetic acid) for intra-articular injection, in view of the low dose, the limited potential for repeated exposure for patients and the absence of evidence of brain accumulation, PRAC considered that the benefits of this product outweigh its risks.
Danish: • I forhold til Magnevist (gadopentetinsyre) til intra-artikulær injektion, anså PRAC, i betragtning af den lave dosis, den begrænsede potentielle re-eksponering for patienter og fraværet af evidens for hjerneakkumulering, at fordelene ved dette lægemiddel opvejer risiciene .
English: It was also mentioned that there is currently little, if any, concern amongst experts specifically about the use of macrocyclic agents in clinical practice, and the current safety concern laying over all GdCAs arises from the clinical use of linear GdCAs.
Danish: brugen af makrocykliske midler i klinisk praksis, og den nuværende sikkerhedsbekymring, der hviler over alle GdCA'er, skyldes den kliniske anvendelse af lineære GdCA'er.
English: Therefore the CHMP recommends the variation to the terms of the marketing authorisations for medicinal products containing intravenous gadobutrol, gadoteric acid, gadoteridol, gadoxetic acid, intravenous gadobenic acid in the indication of liver imaging, intra-articular gadoteric acid and intraarticular gadopentetic acid.
Danish: Derfor anbefaler CHMP ændringen i betingelserne for markedsføringsgodkendelser for lægemidler, der indeholder intravenøs gadobutrol, gadoterinsyre, gadoteridol, gadoxinsyre, intravenøs gadobensyre i indikationen af lever-billeddannelse, intra-artikulær gadoterinsyre og intra-artikulær gadopentetinsyre.
English: Intra-articular GdCA products
Danish: Intra-artikulære GdCA-lægemidler
English: The CHMP further considered the statement addressing the potential harm associated with the gadolinium accumulation in the brain: “although no adverse neurological effects, such as cognitive or movement disorders, have been demonstrated to be caused by gadolinium accumulation in the brain, long-term safety data are limited.
Danish: Endvidere så CHMP på erklæringen om adressering af den potentielle skade i forbindelse med gadolinium-akkumulering i hjernen: Selvom der ikke er blevet påvist negative neurologiske virkninger, som f.eks. kognitive eller bevægelsesforstyrrelser, forårsaget af gadolinium-akkumulering i hjernen, er langsigtede sikkerhedsdata begrænset.
English: The CHMP also concluded that there are practical difficulties for an effective restriction of the number of doses administered during the lifetime of a patient.
Danish: CHMP konkluderede også, at der er praktiske vanskeligheder ved at gennemføre en effektiv begrænsning af antallet af doser, der indgives igennem en patients levetid.