FrancophonIA/ELRC3.0 huggingface dataset:
English: Do not rinse the reclosable bottle cap adapter or the oral syringe between daily doses as the introduction of water causes glycerol phenylbutyrate to degrade.
Croatian: Nemojte ispirati nastavak za bocu s čepom za ponovno zatvaranje niti oralnu štrcaljku između dnevnih doza jer unošenje vode uzrokuje razgradnju glicerolfenilbutirata.
English: RAVICTI must be used with a special low protein diet. - This diet will be designed for you by your doctor and dietician.
Croatian: RAVICTI se mora uzimati s posebnom prehranom s niskim udjelom proteina.
English: You must follow a special low protein diet during treatment with glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Croatian: Tijekom liječenja glicerolfenilbutiratom morate se pridržavati posebne prehrane s niskim udjelom proteina.
English: The following side effects may happen with this medicine:
Croatian: Ovaj lijek može imati sljedeće nuspojave: Ozbiljne nuspojave Odmah recite liječniku ako:
English: No precipitant trigger or missing dose was reported for the other 2 subjects (1 age < 1 month, 1 age 1-2- months).
Croatian: U preostala 2 ispitanika (jednog u dobi < 1 mjeseca i drugog u dobi od 1-2 mjeseca) nije zabilježen nijedan okidač koji je potaknuo hiperamonemiju ni propuštena doza.
English: The following side effects have been observed in a clinical study including 16 patients less than 2 months of age:
Croatian: Dodatne nuspojave u djece mlađe od 2 mjeseca Sljedeće nuspojave opažene su u kliničkom ispitivanju u koje je bilo uključeno 16 bolesnika mlađih od
English: • You should have the medicine with the reclosable bottle cap adapter along with an oral syringe to administer the correct amount of glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Croatian: • Za primjenu točne količine glicerolfenilbutirata potrebno je imati lijek s nastavkom za bocu s čepom za ponovno zatvaranje i oralnu štrcaljku.
English: Tabulated list of adverse reactions The adverse reactions are listed below, by system organ class and by frequency.
Croatian: U nastavku su navedene nuspojave prema klasifikaciji organskih sustava i učestalosti.
English: continued according to feeding schedule for 4-8 hours.
Croatian: prekid primjene natrijevog fenilacetata / natrijevog benzoata i nastavak punom dozom lijeka RAVICTI u skladu s rasporedom hranjenja tijekom 4-8 sati.
English: In the same study, following 6 ml of glycerol phenylbutyrate for 3 days (TID), mean Cmax and AUC were 100 mcg/ml and 1400 mcg•h/ml for PBA and 65 mcg/ml and 2064 mcg•h/ml for PAA, respectively.
Croatian: 100 μg/ml i 1400 μg•h/ml za PBA, odnosno 65 μg/ml i 2064 μg•h/ml za PAA.
English: CE marked oral syringes compatible with the reclosable bottle cap adapter can be obtained from a pharmacy.
Croatian: Oralne štrcaljke s oznakom CE koje su kompatibilne s nastavkom za bocu s čepom za ponovno zatvaranje,
English: Hypophagia
Croatian: Dojenje
English: Constipation Diarrhoea
Croatian: Oštećenje bubrega
English: Each ml of liquid contains 1.1g of glycerol phenylbutyrate.
Croatian: NAVOĐENJE DJELATNE(IH) TVARI Jedan ml sadrži 1,1 g glicerolfenilbutirata.
English: Nine patients successfully transitioned to RAVICTI within 4 days, followed by 3 days of observation for a total of 7 days, where successful transition was defined as no signs and symptoms of hyperammonemia and a venous ammonia value less than 100 micromol/L.
Croatian: Devet je bolesnika uspješno prešlo na RAVICTI u roku od 4 dana, nakon čega su promatrani 3 dana, što je ukupno 7 dana.
English: Impairment of fertility
Croatian: Smanjenje plodnosti
English: Uncommon Gallbladder pain
Croatian: Poremećaji probavnog sustava konstipacija proljev
English: Tightly close the tethered tab on the reclosable bottle adapter after use.
Croatian: Nakon primjene čvrsto zatvorite povezani čep na nastavku za bocu za ponovno zatvaranje.
English: Glycerol
Croatian: Probenecid
English: Kuvan is taken with a meal at the same time every day, preferably in the morning.
Croatian: Kuvan se uzima uz obrok u isto vrijeme svakog dana, po mogućnosti ujutro.
English: This summary was last updated in 07-2017.
Croatian: Sažetak je posljednji put ažuriran: 07.2017.
English: What is Kuvan and what is it used for?
Croatian: Što je Kuvan i za što se koristi?
English: What measures are being taken to ensure the safe and effective use of Kuvan?
Croatian: Koje se mjere poduzimaju kako bi se osigurala sigurna i učinkovita primjena lijeka Kuvan?
English: If this has been achieved after one month, the patient is classified as a ‘responder' and can continue taking Kuvan.
Croatian: Ako se to postigne nakon mjesec dana, bolesnik se klasificira kao „bolesnik koji odgovara na lijek” i može nastaviti uzimati lijek Kuvan.
English: The European Commission granted a marketing authorisation valid throughout the European Union for Kuvan on 2 December 2008.
Croatian: Europska komisija izdala je odobrenje za stavljanje lijeka Kuvan u promet koje vrijedi na prostoru Europske unije od 2. prosinca 2008.
English: For some patients with BH4 deficiency, the dose may need to be divided into two or three doses over the course of the day to get the best effect.
Croatian: Kod nekih bolesnika s nedostatkom BH4 dozu će možda trebati podijeliti na dvije ili tri doze tijekom dana kako bi se postigao najbolji učinak.
English: Other information about Kuvan
Croatian: Ostale informacije o lijeku Kuvan
English: For the treatment of BH4 deficiency, which is a very rare condition, the company presented results of three studies from the published literature in which some patients were treated with sapropterin for an average of 15.5 months.
Croatian: Za liječenje nedostatka BH4, koji je vrlo rijetko stanje, tvrtka je podastrla rezultate triju ispitivanja iz objavljene literature u kojima su neki pacijenti bili liječeni sapropterinom tijekom prosječnog razdoblja od 15,5 mjeseci.
English: Why is Kuvan approved?
Croatian: Zašto je lijek Kuvan odobren?
English: Kuvan sapropterin dihydrochloride
Croatian: Kuvan sapropterin dihidroklorid
English: Studies with Kuvan involved adults and children of all ages.
Croatian: Ispitivanja s lijekom Kuvan uključivala su odrasle i djecu svih dobi.
English: What are the risks associated with Kuvan?
Croatian: Koji su rizici povezani s lijekom Kuvan?
English: This is a summary of the European public assessment report (EPAR) for Kuvan.
Croatian: Ovo je sažetak europskoga javnog izvješća o procjeni (EPAR) lijeka Kuvan.
English: The full EPAR for Kuvan can be found on the Agency's website: ema.europa.eu/Find medicine/Human medicines/European Public Assessment Reports.
Croatian: Cjeloviti EPAR za lijek Kuvan nalazi se na internetskim stranicama Agencije: ema.europa.eu/Find medicine/Human medicines/European Public Assessment Reports.
English: It is not intended to provide practical advice on how to use Kuvan.
Croatian: Svrha sažetka nije davati praktične savjete o primjeni lijeka Kuvan.
English: A satisfactory response is defined as a reduction in blood phenylalanine levels of at least 30% or to a level determined by the doctor.
Croatian: Zadovoljavajućim odgovorom smatra se smanjenje razine fenilalanina u krvi za barem 30 % ili do razine koju odredi liječnik.
English: The starting dose of Kuvan depends on the patient's weight.
Croatian: Početna doza lijeka Kuvan ovisi o tjelesnoj težini bolesnika.
English: Kuvan is available as soluble tablets (100 mg) or as powder (100 or 500 mg), to be dissolved in water and drunk.
Croatian: Lijek Kuvan dostupan je u obliku tableta za oralnu otopinu (100 mg) ili praška (100 ili 500 mg) koji se otapaju u vodi i piju.
English: The most common side effects with Kuvan (seen in more than 1 patient in 10) are headache and rhinorrhoea (runny nose).
Croatian: Najčešća nuspojava lijeka Kuvan (zabilježena u više od 1 na 10 bolesnika) jesu glavobolja i rinoreja (curenje nosa).
English: The summary of opinion of the Committee for Orphan Medicinal Products for Kuvan can be found on the Agency's website: ema.europa.eu/Find medicine/Human medicines/Rare disease designations.
Croatian: Sažetak mišljenja Odbora za lijekove za rijetke bolesti o lijeku Kuvan nalazi se na internetskim stranicama Agencije: ema.europa.eu/Find medicine/Human medicines/Rare disease designations.
English: Recommendations and precautions to be followed by healthcare professionals and patients for the safe and effective use of Kuvan have been included in the summary of product characteristics and the package leaflet.
Croatian: Preporuke i mjere opreza kojih se zdravstveni radnici i bolesnici trebaju pridržavati u cilju sigurne i učinkovite primjene lijeka Kuvan nalaze se u sažetku opisa svojstava i u uputi o lijeku.
English: The Agency decided that Kuvan's benefits are greater than its risks and recommended that it be given marketing authorisation.
Croatian: Agencija je zaključila da koristi lijeka Kuvan nadmašuju s njim povezane rizike te je preporučila izdavanje odobrenja za stavljanje lijeka u promet.
English: Kuvan is intended for long-term use.
Croatian: Lijek Kuvan namijenjen je dugotrajnoj primjeni.
English: In PKU, it works by enhancing the activity of the defective enzyme, while in BH4 deficiency it replaces the missing cofactor.
Croatian: U slučaju fenilketonurije, on djeluje na način da poboljšava aktivnost defektnog enzima, a u slučaju nedostatka BH4 zamjenjuje kofaktor koji nedostaje.
English: How is Kuvan used?
Croatian: Kako se Kuvan koristi?
English: Because the number of patients with conditions leading to high phenylalanine levels is low, the conditions are considered ‘rare', and Kuvan was designated an ‘orphan medicine' (a medicine used in rare diseases) on 8 June 2004.
Croatian: Budući da postoji mali broj bolesnika sa stanjima koja uzrokuju visoke razine fenilalanina, ta se stanja smatraju „rijetkima” pa se lijek Kuvan označava kao „lijek za liječenje rijetkih bolesti” od 8. lipnja 2004.
English: For more information about treatment with Kuvan, read the package leaflet (also part of the EPAR) or contact your doctor or pharmacist.
Croatian: Više informacija o liječenju lijekom Kuvan pročitajte u uputi o lijeku (također dio EPAR-a), odnosno obratite se svojem liječniku ili ljekarniku.
English: Kuvan can only be obtained with a prescription and treatment must be started and supervised by a doctor who has experience in treating PKU and BH4 deficiency.
Croatian: Kuvan se izdaje samo na liječnički recept, a terapiju mora započeti i nadzirati liječnik koji ima iskustva u liječenju fenilketonurije ili nedostatka BH4.
English: The dose is then adjusted depending on blood levels of amino acids including phenylalanine.
Croatian: Doza se potom prilagođava ovisno o razinama aminokiselina u krvi, uključujući fenilalanin.
English: Patients with PKU have defective versions of the enzyme, and patients with BH4 deficiency have low levels of BH4, a ‘cofactor' that this enzyme needs to work properly.
Croatian: Bolesnici oboljeli od fenilketonurije imaju defektne verzije tog enzima, dok bolesnici s nedostatkom BH4 imaju niske razine BH4, „kofaktora” koji je potreban za ispravno djelovanje enzima.
English: How does Kuvan work?
Croatian: Kako djeluje Kuvan?
English: Kuvan is a medicine that is used to treat high blood levels of phenylalanine in adults and children of all ages with the genetic disorders phenylketonuria (PKU) or tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) deficiency.
Croatian: Kuvan je lijek koje se primjenjuje u liječenju visoke razine fenilalanina u odraslih i djece svih dobi s genetskim poremećajem fenilketonurijom ili nedostatkom tetrahidrobiopterina (BH4).
English: Two other studies in 101 patients looked at how effective Kuvan was at allowing the patients to consume foods containing phenylalanine while keeping blood phenylalanine at target levels (i.e. phenylalanine tolerance).
Croatian: U drugim dvama ispitivanjima, koja su obuhvatila 101 bolesnika, analiziralo se koliko učinkovito Kuvan omogućuje bolesnicima uzimanje hrane koja sadrži fenilalanin, a da razina fenilalanina u krvi pritom ostane na ciljanoj razini (podnošenje fenilalanina).
English: These actions help restore the ability of the enzyme to convert phenylalanine into tyrosine, thereby reducing phenylalanine levels in the blood.
Croatian: To pomaže pri ponovnoj uspostavi sposobnosti enzima da fenilalanin pretvara u tirozin, čime se smanjuje razina fenilalanina u krvi.
English: Kuvan was more effective than placebo at reducing blood phenylalanine levels in patients with PKU, achieving a reduction of 236 micromoles per litre after 6 weeks compared with an increase of 3 micromoles per litre seen with placebo.
Croatian: Lijek Kuvan bio je djelotvorniji od placeba u snižavanju razine fenilalanina u krvi u bolesnika s fenilketonurijom jer je njime postignuto sniženje od 236 mikromola po litri nakon 6 tjedana, u usporedbi s povećanjem od 3 mikromola po litri uz primjenu placeba.
English: Patients with these disorders cannot process the amino acid phenylalanine from dietary protein, and as a result the amino acid builds up in the blood to abnormally high levels, causing problems in the nervous system.
Croatian: Bolesnici s tim poremećajima ne mogu preraditi aminokiselinu fenilalanin iz proteina u prehrani, zbog čega se aminokiselina nakuplja u krvi i doseže abnormalno visoke razine, što prouzročuje probleme sa živčanim sustavom.
English: What benefits of Kuvan have been shown in studies?
Croatian: Koje su koristi lijeka Kuvan dokazane u ispitivanjima?
English: Kuvan contains the active substance sapropterin dihydrochloride.
Croatian: Kuvan sadrži djelatnu tvar sapropterin dihidroklorid.
English: It is important that patients continue with a diet low in phenylalanine and protein when taking Kuvan, and intake of phenylalanine and protein must be monitored and adjusted to make sure that blood phenylalanine levels and nutritional balance are controlled.
Croatian: Važno je da prehrana bolesnika tijekom terapije lijekom Kuvan sadrži niske razine fenilalanina i proteina, a unos fenilalalina i proteina mora se nadgledati i prilagođavati kao bi se osigurala kontrolirana razina fenilalanina u krvi i uravnotežena prehrana.
English: In addition Kuvan allowed patients with PKU who were not on a restricted diet to increase their daily phenylalanine intake by 17.5 mg per kg body weight after 10 weeks compared with 3.3 mg/kg with placebo.
Croatian: Osim toga, lijek Kuvan omogućio je oboljelima od fenilketonurije koji nisu bili na režimu ograničene prehrane povećanje dnevnog unosa fenilalanina od 17,5 mg/kg tjelesne težine nakon 10 tjedana, u usporedbi s 3,3 mg/kg uz primjenu placeba.
English: The active substance in Kuvan, sapropterin dihydrochloride, is a synthetic copy of BH4.
Croatian: Djelatna tvar lijeka Kuvan, sapropterin dihidroklorid, sintetička je kopija BH4.
English: When Kuvan plus diet restriction was compared with diet restriction alone, the average daily phenylalanine intake that was tolerated after 26 weeks was 81 mg/kg in the Kuvan group and 50 mg/kg in the group on diet restriction alone.
Croatian: Kada je terapija lijekom Kuvan uz ograničenu prehranu uspoređena samo s ograničenom prehranom, prosječni tolerirani dnevni unos fenilalanina nakon 26 tjedana iznosio je 81 mg/kg u skupini koja je primala lijek Kuvan, u usporedbi s 50 mg/kg u skupini koja je bila samo na ograničenoj prehrani.
English: In these studies, patients showed an improvement in blood phenylalanine levels and other markers of the disease when they were taking the medicine.
Croatian: Tijekom tih ispitivanja u bolesnika je zabilježeno poboljšanje s obzirom na razine fenilalanina u krvi i ostale markere bolesti kada su primali lijek.
English: The high levels of phenylalanine in the blood are due to a problem with the breakdown of phenylalanine through the enzyme ‘phenylalanine hydroxylase'.
Croatian: Visoke razine fenilalanina u krvi posljedica su problema pri razgradnji fenilalanina uz pomoć enzima fenilalanin hidroksilaze.
English: In PKU treatment, a main study compared the reductions in blood phenylalanine in 88 patients treated with either Kuvan or placebo (a dummy treatment).
Croatian: U slučaju liječenja fenilketonurije, u glavnom ispitivanju uspoređeno je sniženje fenilalanina u krvi u 88 bolesnika koji su liječeni ili lijekom Kuvan ili placebom (prividnim liječenjem).
English: For practical information about using Kuvan, patients should read the package leaflet or contact their doctor or pharmacist.
Croatian: Praktične informacije o primjeni lijeka Kuvan bolesnici trebaju pročitati u uputi o lijeku, odnosno trebaju se obratiti svojem liječniku ili ljekarniku.
English: For the full list of all side effects and restrictions with Kuvan, see the package leaflet.
Croatian: Potpuni popis svih nuspojava i ograničenja zabilježenih pri primjeni lijeka Kuvan potražite u uputi o lijeku.
English: Serious side effects occur in more than 1 in 2 patients.
Croatian: Ozbiljne nuspojave javljaju se u više od 1 od 2 bolesnika.
English: Further information on Yescarta can be found on the Agency's website: ema.europa.eu/Find medicine/Human medicines/European public assessment reports.
Croatian: Više informacija o lijeku Yescarta nalazi se na internetskim stranicama Agencije: ema.europa.eu/Find medicine/Human medicines/European public assessment reports.
English: Yescarta is a medicine for treating two types of blood cancer:
Croatian: Yescarta je lijek namijenjen liječenju dviju vrsta raka krvi:
English: Yescarta (axicabtagene ciloleucel)
Croatian: Yescarta (aksikaptagen ciloleucel)
English: Patients should be closely monitored for 10 days after treatment for side effects and are advised to stay close to a specialist hospital for at least 4 weeks after treatment.
Croatian: Bolesnike je potrebno pažljivo pratiti tijekom 10 dana nakon uzimanja terapije zbog nuspojava te im se preporučuje da borave u blizini specijalističke bolničke ustanove tijekom najmanje četiri tjedna nakon primanja terapije.
English: The company must also carry out a study to obtain more information on the long term safety of Yescarta.
Croatian: Tvrtka mora provesti i istraživanje kako bi prikupila više informacija o dugoročnoj sigurnosti lijeka Yescarta.
English: What measures are being taken to ensure the safe and effective use of Yescarta?
Croatian: Koje se mjere poduzimaju kako bi se osigurala sigurna i učinkovita primjena lijeka Yescarta?
English: The company that markets Yescarta must ensure that hospitals where Yescarta is given have appropriate expertise, facilities and training.
Croatian: Tvrtka koja stavlja lijek Yescarta na tržište mora osigurati da bolničke ustanove u kojima se primjenjuje Yescarta imaju odgovarajuće stručno osoblje, objekte i obuku.
English: Of the patients who joined the study, 47% had a complete response (which means they had no signs of the cancer left) and 66% had at least a partial response after treatment with Yescarta.
Croatian: Od bolesnika koji su sudjelovali u istraživanju, 47 % u potpunosti je reagiralo (što znači da nisu pokazivali nikakve znakove raka), a 66 % barem je djelomično reagiralo nakon terapije lijekom Yescarta.
English: Side effects reported with Yescarta are carefully evaluated and any necessary action taken to protect patients.
Croatian: Nuspojave prijavljene za lijek Yescarta pažljivo se procjenjuju i poduzimaju se potrebne mjere za zaštitu bolesnika.
English: The most common serious side effects are cytokine release syndrome (a potentially life-threatening condition that can cause fever, vomiting, shortness of breath, pain and low blood pressure), encephalopathy (a brain disorder caused associated with headache, somnolence and mental confusion) and infections.
Croatian: Najčešće ozbiljne nuspojave uključuju sindrom otpuštanja citokina (stanje potencijalno opasno po život koje može uzrokovati simptome kao što su vrućica, povraćanje, nedostatak zraka, bolovi i nizak krvni tlak), encefalopatiju (moždani poremećaj povezan s glavoboljom, somnolencijom i smetenošću) te infekcije.
English: These results were better than those from studies of patients receiving standard cancer treatments, where around 7% of patients had a complete response and around 26% had at least a partial response.
Croatian: Ti su rezultati bili bolji od onih iz istraživanja provedenih na bolesnicima koji primaju standardne terapije protiv raka, u kojima je otprilike 7 % bolesnika u potpunosti reagiralo, a otprilike 26 % reagiralo je barem djelomično.
English: Other information about Yescarta
Croatian: Ostale informacije o lijeku Yescarta
English: Yescarta is a type of advanced therapy medicine called a ‘gene therapy product'.
Croatian: Yescarta je vrsta lijeka za naprednu terapiju koji se naziva „lijek za gensku terapiju”.
English: What is Yescarta and what is it used for?
Croatian: Što je Yescarta i za što se primjenjuje?
English: The European Medicines Agency therefore decided that Yescarta's benefits are greater than its risks and it can be authorised for use in the EU.
Croatian: Europska agencija za lijekove stoga je zaključila da koristi od lijeka Yescarta nadmašuju s njim povezane rizike te da lijek može biti odobren za primjenu u Europskoj uniji.
English: The number of patients who were cleared of the cancer or had at least a partial response was higher than in patients receiving standard care.
Croatian: Broj bolesnika u kojih je uklonjen rak ili koji su postigli barem djelomičan odgovor bio je veći nego u slučaju bolesnika koji su primali standardnu terapiju.
English: • diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL);
Croatian: • difuznog B-velikostaničnog limfoma (DLBCL);
English: The company must provide educational materials for healthcare professionals and patients about possible side effects, especially cytokine release syndrome.
Croatian: Tvrtka mora osigurati obrazovne materijalne za zdravstvene radnike i bolesnike o mogućim nuspojavama, posebice o sindromu otpuštanja citokina.
English: A main study of 111 patients with DLBCL and PMBCL that was not responding to previous treatment or had returned showed that Yescarta is effective at clearing the cancer in many patients.
Croatian: Glavno istraživanje provedeno na 111 bolesnika s DLBCL-om i PMBCL-om kod kojih bolest nije reagirala na terapiju ili se vratila pokazalo je da je lijek Yescarta djelotvoran u uklanjanju raka u mnogih bolesnika.
English: Yescarta contains the active substance axicabtagene ciloleucel (consisting of genetically modified white blood cells).
Croatian: Yescarta sadržava aktivnu tvar aksikaptagen ciloleucel (koja se sastoji od genetski modificiranih bijelih krvnih stanica).
English: Tocilizumab must be available in case of cytokine release syndrome.
Croatian: Lijek tocilizumab mora biti dostupan u slučaju pojave sindroma otpuštanja citokina.
English: Why is Yescarta authorised in the EU?
Croatian: Zašto je lijek Yescarta odobren u EU-u?
English: The blood cancers that Yescarta is used to treat are rare, and Yescarta was designated an ‘orphan medicine' (a medicine used in rare diseases) for DLBCL on 16 December 2014 and for PMBCL on 9 October 2015.
Croatian: Rijetke su vrste raka krvi koje se liječe primjenom lijeka Yescarta, te je on označen kao lijek za liječenje rijetkih bolesti 16. prosinca 2014. za DLBCL i 9. listopada 2015. za PMBCL.
English: What are the risks associated with Yescarta?
Croatian: Koji su rizici povezani s lijekom Yescarta?
English: Serious side effects, particularly cytokine release syndrome, can occur; however these are manageable if appropriate measures are in place (see below).
Croatian: Mogu se pojaviti ozbiljne nuspojave, posebice sindrom otpuštanja citokina, ali one se mogu riješiti primjenom odgovarajućih mjera (vidjeti u nastavku).
English: • primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL).
Croatian: • primarnog medijastinalnog B-velikostaničnog limfoma (PMBCL).
English: Recommendations and precautions to be followed by healthcare professionals and patients for the safe and effective use of Yescarta have also been included in the summary of product characteristics and the package leaflet.
Croatian: Preporuke i mjere opreza kojih se zdravstveni radnici i bolesnici trebaju pridržavati u cilju sigurne i učinkovite primjene lijeka Yescarta također se nalaze u sažetku opisa svojstava i u uputi o lijeku.
English: Yescarta is for adult patients whose blood cancer has returned or has stopped responding to previous treatment.
Croatian: Lijek Yescarta namijenjen je odraslima u kojih se rak krvi vratio ili je prestao reagirati na prijašnju terapiju.