FrancophonIA/DGT-Translation_Memory huggingface dataset:
English: EC-ECVAM (2007), Performance Standards for applying human skin models to in vitro skin irritation testing. Available at: [http://ecvam.jrc.ec.europa.eu]
French: EC-ECVAM (2007), Performance Standards for applying human skin models to in vitro skin irritation testing, Voir la rubrique “Validation Study Documents, section Skin Irritation”, à l’adresse: [http://ecvam.jrc.ec.europa.eu]
English: Welss, T., Basketter, D.A. and Schröder, K.R. (2004), In vitro skin irritation: fact and future.
French: Welss, T., Basketter, D. A. et Schröder, K. R. (2004), In vitro skin irritation: fact and future, State of the art review of mechanisms and models.
Slovak: Welss, T., Basketter, D. A. and Schröder, K. R. (2004), In vitro skin irritation: fact and future.
English: EpiSkinTM SOP, Version 1.8 (February 2009), ECVAM Skin Irritation Validation Study: Validation of the EpiSkinTM test method 15 min-42 hours for the prediction of acute skin irritation of chemicals. Available at: [http://ecvam.jrc.ec.europa.eu]
French: EpiSkinTM SOP, Version 1.8 (February 2009), ECVAM Skin Irritation Validation Study: Validation of the EpiSkinTM test method 15 min - 42 hours for the prediction of acute skin irritation of chemicals, disponible à l’adresse: [http://ecvam.jrc.ec.europa.eu]
English: SkinEthicTM RHE SOP, Version 2.0 (February 2009), SkinEthic skin irritation test-42a test method for the prediction of acute skin irritation of chemicals: 42 minutes application + 42 hours post-incubation. Available at: [http://ecvam.jrc.ec.europa.eu]
French: SkinEthicTM RHE SOP, Version 2.0 (February 2009), SkinEthic skin irritation test-42 bis test method for the prediction of acute skin irritation of chemicals: 42 minutes application + 42 hours post-incubation, disponible à l’adresse suivante: [http://ecvam.jrc.ec.europa.eu]
English: , Irritant contact dermatitis, In: Practical Contact Dermatitis, pp 7-18, (Ed. Guin J. D.). Mc Graw-Hill, New York.
French: In: Practical Contact Dermatitis, p. 7-18, (Ed. Guin J. D.), Mc Graw-Hill, New York.
English: Basketter, D.A., York, M., McFadden, J.P. and Robinson, M.K. (2004), Determination of skin irritation potential in the human 4-h patch test. Contact Dermatitis 51, 1-4.
French: Basketter, D. A., York, M., McFadden, J. P. et Robinson, M. K. (2004), Determination of skin irritation potential in the human 4-h patch test, Contact Dermatitis 51, 1-4.
English: Appendix 1 Definitions Accuracy The closeness of agreement between test method results and accepted reference values.
French: Appendice 1
English: It is a measure of test method performance and one aspect of relevance. The term is often used interchangeably with “concordance” to mean the proportion of correct outcomes of a test method (9). Cell viability Parameter measuring total activity of a cell population e.g. as ability of cellular mitochondrial dehydrogenases to reduce the vital dye MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, Thiazolyl blue), which depending on the endpoint measured and the test design used, correlates with the total number and/or vitality of living cells. Concordance This is a measure of test method performance for test methods that give a categorical result, and is one aspect of relevance. The term is used interchangeably with accuracy, and is defined as the proportion of all chemicals tested that are correctly classified as positive or negative. (9).
French: Définitions
English: Skin irritation is a locally arising, non-immunogenic reaction, which appears shortly after stimulation (29). Its main characteristic is its reversible nature involving inflammatory reactions and most of the clinical characteristic signs of irritation (erythema, oedema, itching and pain) related to an inflammatory process. Specificity The proportion of all negative/inactive test chemicals that are correctly classified by the test. It is a measure of accuracy for a test method that produces categorical results and is an important consideration in assessing the relevance of a test method (9). Tiered testing strategy Testing which uses test methods in a sequential manner; the test methods selected in each succeeding level are decided based on the results in the previous level of testing (9). Test chemical (also referred to as test substance) Any substance or mixture tested using this TM.
French: Viabilité cellulaire paramètre mesurant l’activité totale d’une population cellulaire, par exemple la capacité des déshydrogénases mitochondriales cellulaires à réduire le colorant vital MTT [bromure de 3-(4,5-diméthylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphényltétrazolium], qui, selon l’effet mesuré et le protocole utilisé pour l’essai, est en corrélation avec le nombre total et/ou la vitalité des cellules vivantes.
English: 103-95-7 Liquid
French: cuményl-2-méthylpropionaldéhyde
English: 111-25-1 Liquid
French: romohexane
English: 86604-75-3 Solid
French: hydrochlorure de 2-chlorométhyl-4-méthoxy-3,5 diméthyl pyridine
Romanian: Disulfură de di-n-propil [3]
English: Liquid 3,3 Cat.
French: Méthyl-2 tert-butyle-5 thiophénol; thio PTBT
English: Cytotoxicity should be determined with and without metabolic activation in cells that require metabolic activation using the relative increase in cell counts (RICC) or relative population doubling (RPD) (see Appendix 2 for formulas) unless cytoB is used. When cytoB is used, cytotoxicity can be determined using the replication index (RI) (see Appendix 2 for formula).
French: La cytotoxicité est déterminée avec et sans activation métabolique dans les cellules nécessitant une telle activation, via la mesure de l’augmentation relative du nombre de cellules ou le doublement relatif de la population (voir les formules à l’appendice 2), sauf si l’on utilise la cytoB, auquel cas la cytotoxicité peut être déterminée grâce à l’indice de réplication (voir la formule à l’appendice 2).
Italian: La citotossicità deve essere determinata con e senza attivazione metabolica nelle cellule che richiedono attivazione metabolica sulla base dell’aumento relativo delle conte cellulari (RICC) o del raddoppiamento relativo della popolazione (RPD) (cfr. l’appendice 2 per le formule), a meno che non si ricorra alla citocalasina B. In tal caso, la citotossicità può essere determinata sulla base dell’indice di replicazione (RI) (cfr. l’appendice 2 per la formula).
Slovenian: Citotoksičnost se določa z aktivacijo presnove in brez nje v celicah, pri katerih je aktivacija presnove potrebna, in sicer z uporabo relativnega povečanja števila celic (relative increase in cell counts, RICC) ali relativne podvojitve populacije (relative population doubling, RPD) (glej Dodatek 2 za formule), razen če se uporabi citohalazin B. Če se uporabi citohalazin B, se lahko citotoksičnost določi z indeksom pomnoževanja (RI) (glej Dodatek 2 za formulo).
Romanian: Citotoxicitatea se determină cu sau fără activare metabolică în celulele care nu necesită activare metabolică cu ajutorul creșterii relative a numărului de celule (RICC) sau dublarea relativă a populației (RPD) (a se vedea formulele din apendicele 2) cu excepția situației când se utilizează citoB, caz în care citotoxicitatea poate fi determinată cu ajutorul indicelui de replicare (IR) (a se vedea formulele din apendicele 2).
English: Treat for 3-6 hrs; remove the treatment medium;
French: Traiter pendant 3 à 6 heures;
Italian: Esposizione
English: add fresh medium and cytoB; harvest 1,5-2,0 normal cell cycles later. – S9 Extended exposure
French: éliminer le milieu de traitement;
English: Option A: Treat for 1,5-2 normal cell cycles in the presence of cytoB; harvest at the end of the exposure period.
French: ajouter du milieu frais et de la cytoB;
Maltese: Esponiment estiż
English: Kirsch-Volders, M. (1997), Towards a validation of the micronucleus test. Mutation Res., 392, 1-4.
French: Kirsch-Volders, M. (1997), Towards a validation of the micronucleus test, Mutation Res., 392, 1-4.
English: Kirsch-Volders, M., Sofuni, T., Aardema, M., Albertini, S., Eastmond, D., Fenech, M., Ishidate Jr., M., Lorge, E., Norppa, H., Surrallés, J., von der Hude, W. and Wakata, A. (2003), Report from the in vitro micronucleus assay working group. Mutation Res., 540, 153-163.
French: Kirsch-Volders, M., Sofuni, T., Aardema, M., Albertini, S., Eastmond, D., Fenech, M., Ishidate Jr., M., Lorge, E., Norppa, H., Surrallés, J., von der Hude, W. et Wakata, A. (2003), Report from the in vitro micronucleus assay working group, Mutation Res., 540, 153-163.
English: OECD (1997), In Vitro Mammalian Chromosome Aberration Test, Test Guideline No 473, OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals, OECD, Paris. Available at: [www.oecd.org/env/testguidelines]
French: OCDE (1997), Essai d’aberration chromosomique in vitro chez les mammifères, Ligne directrice no 473, Lignes directrices pour les essais de produits chimiques, OECD, Paris.[disponible à l’adresse: www.oecd.org/env/testguidelines].
English: ECVAM (2006), Statement by the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM) Scientific Advisory Committee (ESAC) on the scientific validity of the in vitro micronucleus test as an alternative to the in vitro chromosome aberration assay for genotoxicity testing. ESAC 25th meeting, 16-17 November, 2006, Available at: [http://ecvam.jrc.it/index.htm]
French: CEVMA (2006), Statement by the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM) Scientific Advisory Committee (ESAC) on the scientific validity of the in vitro micronucleus test as an alternative to the in vitro chromosome aberration assay for genotoxicity testing, 25e réunion de l’ESAC, 16-17 novembre, 2006, disponible à l’adresse: http://ecvam.jrc.it/index.htm (en anglais).
English: Ong, T.-m., Mukhtar, M., Wolf, C.R. and Zeiger, E. (1980), Differential effects of cytochrome P450-inducers on promutagen activation capabilities and enzymatic activities of S-9 from rat liver, J. Environ. Pathol.
French: Ong, T.-m., Mukhtar, M., Wolf, C.R. et Zeiger, E. (1980), Differential effects of cytochrome P450-inducers on promutagen activation capabilities and enzymatic activities of S-9 from rat liver, J. Environ.
English: Lorge, E., Hayashi, M., Albertini, S. and Kirkland, D. (2008), Comparison of different methods for an accurate assessment of cytotoxicity in the in vitro micronucleus test. I. Theoretical aspects, Mutation Res., 655, 1-3.
French: Lorge, E., Hayashi, M., Albertini, S. et Kirkland, D. (2008), Comparison of different methods for an accurate assessment of cytotoxicity in the in vitro micronucleus test, I. Theoretical aspects, Mutation Res., 655, 1-3.
English: Definitions Aneugen any substance or process that, by interacting with the components of the mitotic and meiotic cell division cycle, leads to aneuploidy in cells or organisms.
French: Définitions
English: Aneuploidy any deviation from the normal diploid (or haploid) number of chromosomes by a single chromosome or more than one, but not by entire set(s) of chromosomes (polyploidy). Apoptosis programmed cell death characterised by a series of steps leading to a disintegration of cells into membrane-bound particles that are then eliminated by phagocytosis or by shedding. Cell proliferation increase in cell number as a result of mitotic cell division. Centromere DNA region of a chromosome where both chromatids are held together and on which both kinetochores are attached side-to-side. Clastogen any substance or process which causes structural chromosomal aberrations in populations of cells or organisms.
French: Aneugène Substance ou processus qui, via des interactions avec les composants de la cellule mitotique ou méiotique lors de la division cellulaire, provoque la formation de cellules ou d’organismes aneuploïdes.
English: Cytokinesis the process of cell division immediately following mitosis to form two daughter cells, each containing a single nucleus. Cytokinesis-Block Proliferation index (CBPI) the proportion of second-division cells in the treated population relative to the untreated control (see Appendix 2 for formula). Cytostasis inhibition of cell growth (see Appendix 2 for formula). Cytotoxicity harmful effects to cell structure or function ultimately causing cell death. Genotoxic a general term encompassing all types of DNA or chromosome damage, including breaks, adducts rearrangements, mutations, chromosome aberrations, and aneuploidy. Not all types of genotoxic effects result in mutations or stable chromosome damage. Interphase cells cells not in the mitotic stage. Kinetochore a protein-containing structure that assembles at the centromere of a chromosome to which spindle fibres associate during cell division, allowing orderly movement of daughter chromosomes to the poles of the daughter cells. Micronuclei small nuclei, separate from and additional to the main nuclei of cells, produced during telophase of mitosis or meiosis by lagging chromosome fragments or whole chromosomes. Mitosis division of the cell nucleus usually divided into prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.
French: Aneuploïdie Tout écart par rapport au nombre diploïde (ou haploïde) normal de chromosomes, d’un seul ou de plusieurs chromosomes, mais non d’un ou de plusieurs jeux de chromosomes (polyploïdie).
English: Mitotic index the ratio of cells in metaphase divided by the total number of cells observed in a population of cells; an indication of the degree of cell proliferation of that population. Mutagenic produces a heritable change of DNA base-pair sequences(s) in genes or of the structure of chromosomes (chromosome aberrations). Non-disjunction failure of paired chromatids to disjoin and properly segregate to the developing daughter cells, resulting in daughter cells with abnormal numbers of chromosomes. Polyploidy numerical chromosome aberrations in cells or organisms involving entire set(s) of chromosomes, as opposed to an individual chromosome or chromosomes (aneuploidy).
French: Apoptose Mort cellulaire programmée caractérisée par une succession d’étapes menant à la désintégration des cellules en particules membranaires qui sont ensuite éliminées par phagocytose ou par excrétion.
English: Appendix 2 Formulas for Cytotoxicity Assessment 1. When cytoB is used, evaluation of cytotoxicity should be based on the Cytokinesis-Block Proliferation Index (CBPI) or Replicative Index (RI) (16) (58). The CBPI indicates the average number of cell cycles per cell during the period of exposure to cytoB, and may be used to calculate cell proliferation. The RI indicates the relative number of nuclei in treated cultures compared to control cultures and can be used to calculate the % cytostasis: % Cytostasis = 100 – 100(CBPIT – 1) ÷ (CBPIC – 1) And: T test chemical treatment culture C vehicle control culture Where: CBPI = No. mononucleate cells
French: Indice de prolifération des cellules dont la division cytoplasmique a été bloquée (Cytokinesis-Block Proliferation Index, CBPI) Proportion de cellules issues de la deuxième division dans la population traitée par rapport au témoin non traité (voir formule à l’appendice 2).
English: Despite the advantages of the LLNA: DA over B.6 and OECD Test Guideline 406 (14), there are certain limitations that may necessitate the use of B.6 or OECD Test Guideline 406 (e.g. the testing of certain metals, false positive findings with certain skin irritants (such as some surfactant-type substances) (6) (1 and Chapter B.42 in this Annex), solubility of the test substance). In addition, chemical classes or substances containing functional groups shown to act as potential confounders (16) may necessitate the use of guinea pig tests (i.e. B.6; OECD Test Guideline 406 (14)).
French: Malgré les avantages de l’ELGL: DA par rapport au chapitre B.6 et à la LD 406 de l’OCDE (14), certaines limites peuvent imposer de privilégier le chapitre B.6 ou la LD 406 de l’OCDE [par exemple, essai de certains métaux, résultats faussement positifs avec certaines substances irritantes pour la peau, en particulier des tensioactifs (6) (1 et chapitre B.42 de la présente annexe), solubilité de la substance d’essai.] De surcroît, certaines substances chimiques ou familles de substances d’essai comprenant des groupements fonctionnels dont il est démontré qu’ils peuvent être des facteurs de confusion (16) peuvent aussi imposer le recours aux essais avec cobayes (chapitre B.6, LD 406 de l’OCDE) (14).
English: J. Toxicol. Environ.
French: J, Toxicol, Environ.
English: The term is often used interchangeably with “concordance” to mean the proportion of correct outcomes of a test method (38). Benchmark substance A sensitising or non-sensitising substance used as a standard for comparison to a test substance.
French: Elle est évaluée en calculant la reproductibilité intralaboratoire et interlaboratoires (38).
English: A benchmark substance should have the following properties; (i) a consistent and reliable source(s); (ii) structural and functional similarity to the class of substances being tested; (iii) known physicochemical characteristics; (iv) supporting data on known effects, and (v) known potency in the range of the desired response. False negative A substance incorrectly identified as negative or non-active by a test method, when in fact it is positive or active.
French: Indice de stimulation (IS) paramètre d’évaluation du pouvoir de sensibilisation cutanée d’une substance d’essai, calculé comme le quotient de la prolifération mesurée dans les groupes traités sur celle du groupe témoin concurrent recevant le véhicule.
English: False positive A substance incorrectly identified as positive or active by a test, when in fact it is negative or non-active. Hazard The potential for an adverse health or ecological effect.
French: Précision degré de conformité entre les résultats de la méthode d’essai et les valeurs de référence acceptées.
English: Quality assurance A management process by which adherence to laboratory testing standards, requirements, and record keeping procedures, and the accuracy of data transfer, are assessed by individuals who are independent from those performing the testing. Reliability Measures of the extent that a test method can be performed reproducibly within and between laboratories over time, when performed using the same protocol.
French: Reproductibilité intralaboratoire détermination du degré auquel divers membres du personnel qualifié d’un même laboratoire réussissent à obtenir des résultats identiques en ayant recours à un protocole spécifique à des moments différents.
English: Furthermore, the LLNA: BrdU-ELISA does not require the use of an adjuvant, as is the case for the guinea pig maximisation test (Chapter B.6 of this Annex, 13). Thus, the LLNA: BrdU-ELISA reduces animal distress. Despite the advantages of the LLNA: BrdU-ELISA over B.6 and OECD Test Guideline 406 (13), there are certain limitations that may necessitate the use of B.6 or OECD Test Guideline 406 (e.g. the testing of certain metals, false positive findings with certain skin irritants (such as some surfactant-type substances) (6) (1 and Chapter B.42 in this Annex), solubility of the test substance).
French: Malgré les avantages de l’ELGL: BrdU-ELISA par rapport au chapitre B.6 et à la LD 406 de l’OCDE (13), certaines limites peuvent imposer de privilégier l’utilisation du chapitre B6 ou de la LD 406 de l’OCDE (13) [par exemple, essai de certains métaux, résultats faussement positifs avec certaines substances irritantes pour la peau, en particulier des tensioactifs (6) (1 et chapitre B.42 de la présente annexe), solubilité de la substance d’essai].
English: , The local lymph node assay: A viable alternative to currently accepted skin sensitisation tests. Food Chem.
French: , The local lymph node assay: A viable alternative to currently accepted skin sensitisation tests, Food Chem.
Lithuanian: , The local lymph node assay: A viable alternative to currently accepted skin sensitisation tests.
English: Basketter, D.A., Gerberick, G.F. and Kimber, I. (1998), Strategies for identifying false positive responses in predictive sensitisation tests. Food Chem.
French: Basketter, D.A., Gerberick, G.F. et Kimber, I. (1998), Strategies for identifying false positive responses in predictive sensitisation tests, Food Chem.
Slovak: Basketter, D. A., Gerberick, G. F. and Kimber, I. (1998), Strategies for identifying false positive responses in predictive sensitisation tests.
Lithuanian: Basketter, D.A., Gerberick, G.F. and Kimber, I. (1998), Strategies for identifying false positive responses in predictive sensitisation tests.
English: Van Och, F.M.M., Slob, W., De Jong, W.H., Vandebriel, R.J. and Van Loveren, H. (2000), A quantitative method for assessing the sensitising potency of low molecular weight chemicals using a local lymph node assay: employment of a regression method that includes determination of uncertainty margins. Toxicol., 146, 49-59.
French: Van Och, F.M.M., Slob, W., De Jong, W.H., Vandebriel, R.J. et Van Loveren, H. (2000), A quantitative method for assessing the sensitising potency of low molecular weight chemicals using a local lymph node assay: employment of a regression method that includes determination of uncertainty margins, Toxicol., 146, 49-59.
English: Research Triangle Park, N.C. Available at: [http://iccvam.niehs.nih.gov/docs/immunotox_docs/llna/llnarep.pdf]
French: Disponible à l’adresse suivante: [http://iccvam.niehs.nih.gov/docs/immunotox_docs/llna/llnarep.pdf]
English: Conclusions and recommendations of an independent scientific peer review panel.
French: Conclusions and recommendations of an independent scientific peer review panel, Reg.
English: Data analyses completed by the national toxicology program interagency center for the evaluation of alternative toxicological methods.
French: Data analyses completed by the national toxicology program interagency center for the evaluation of alternative toxicological methods, Reg.
English: ICCVAM (2010), ICCVAM Test Method Evaluation Report. Nonradioactive local lymph node assay: BrdU-ELISA Test Method Protocol (LLNA: BrdU-ELISA).
French: ICCVAM (2010), ICCVAM Test Method Evaluation Report.
English: NIH Publication No 10-7552A/B. Research Triangle Park, NC: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.
French: Nonradioactive local lymph node assay: BrdU-ELISA Test Method Protocol (LLNA: BrdU-ELISA), NIH Publication No. 10-7552A/B, Research Triangle Park, NC: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.
English: ICCVAM (2009), Independent Scientific Peer Review Panel Report: Updated validation status of new versions and applications of the murine local lymph node assay: a test method for assessing the allergic contact dermatitis potential of chemicals and products. Research Triangle Park, NC: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. Available at: [http://iccvam.niehs.nih.gov/docs/immunotox_docs/LLNAPRPRept2009.pdf]
French: ICCVAM (2009), Independent Scientific Peer Review Panel Report: Updated validation status of new versions and applications of the murine local lymph node assay: a test method for assessing the allergic contact dermatitis potential of chemicals and products, Research Triangle Park, NC: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Disponible à l’adresse suivante: [http://iccvam.niehs.nih.gov/docs/immunotox_docs/LLNAPRPRept2009.pdf]
English: Takeyoshi, M., Iida, K., Shiraishi, K. and Hoshuyama, S. (2005), Novel approach for classifying chemicals according to skin sensitising potency by non-radioisotopic modification of the local lymph node assay. J. Appl.
French: Takeyoshi, M., Iida, K., Shiraishi, K. et Hoshuyama, S. (2005), Novel approach for classifying chemicals according to skin sensitising potency by non-radioisotopic modification of the local lymph node assay, j. Appl.