FrancophonIA/DGT-Translation_Memory huggingface dataset:
English: This is achieved by the use of computer and other specialised hardware designed to support the functions of a military command and control organisation. The main functions of an automated command and control system are: the efficient automated collection, accumulation, storage and processing of information; the display of the situation and the circumstances affecting the preparation and conduct of combat operations; operational and tactical calculations for the allocation of resources among force groupings or elements of the operational order of battle or battle deployment according to the mission or stage of the operation; the preparation of data for appreciation of the situation and decision-making at any point during operation or battle; computer simulation of operations.
German: Copyright-Beschränkungen heben die allgemeine Zugänglichkeit nicht auf.
Czech: Pro uvedené účely se využívá počítačů a dalšího specializovaného technického vybavení určeného na podporu funkcí kontroly uspořádání vojenského velení a organizace Hlavní funkce automatizovaného systému velení a řízení jsou: účinný automatizovaný sběr, shromažďování, uchovávání a zpracovávání informací; znázornění situace a okolností majících dopad na přípravu a výkon bojových operací; operační a taktické výpočty pro účely přidělení zdrojů mezi bojová uskupení nebo mezi složky operačního bojového rozkazu či rozkazu k bojovému nasazení, v závislosti na cíli či fázi operace; příprava údajů pro vyhodnocení situace a rozhodování v kterémkoli okamžiku během operace nebo bitvy; počítačové simulace operací.
English: Note 2 The cultures of cells and biological systems specified by ML7.h. and ML7.i.2. are exclusive and these sub-items do not apply to cells or biological systems for civil purposes, such as agricultural, pharmaceutical, medical, veterinary, environmental, waste management, or in the food industry.
Danish: De cellekulturer og biologiske systemer, der er nævnt i ML7.h og ML7.i.2, er udtømmende, og disse underpunkter omfatter ikke celler eller biologiske systemer til civile formål, som f.eks. landbrugsformål, farmaceutiske, medicinske og veterinære formål, miljø- og affaldshåndteringsformål eller i fødevareindustrien.
English: does not apply to smooth-bore weapons used for hunting or sporting purposes. These weapons must not be specially designed for military use or of the fully automatic firing type.
German: Die Nummer ML1 erfasst nicht Jagd- und Sportwaffen mit glattem Lauf, die weder für militärische Zwecke besonders konstruiert noch vollautomatisch sind.
Hungarian: Az ML1. fejezet nem vonatkozik a sport és vadászati célra használt sima csövű fegyverekre, amennyiben azokat nem katonai célra tervezték vagy nem automatikus tüzelési módúak.
English: b. Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs). Technical Note:
German: unkonventionellen Spreng- und Brandvorrichtungen (USBV).
English: For the purpose of ML4.b.2.
German: Technische Anmerkung:
Slovak: Na účely VM 4 b.2.
Latvian: tās ir speciāli izstrādātas ‘darbībām’, kas saistītas ar kādu no šādiem priekšmetiem:
Maltese: Għall-fini ta' ML4.b.2.
English: ‘activities’ applies to handling, launching, laying, controlling, discharging, detonating, activating, powering with one-time operational output, decoying, jamming, sweeping, detecting, disrupting or disposing.
German: Im Sinne von Unternummer ML4a bezeichnet der Begriff 'Tätigkeiten' das Handhaben, Abfeuern, Legen, Überwachen, Ausstoßen, Zünden, Scharfmachen, Stromversorgen bei einmaliger Abgabe einer hohen Leistung, Täuschen, Stören, Räumen, Orten, Zerstören oder Beseitigen.
Slovak: ‚činnosti‘ znamenajú manipuláciu, spúšťanie, ukladanie, riadenie, vybíjanie, detonáciu, aktiváciu, napájanie s jednorazovým prevádzkovým výstupom, odlákanie, rušenie, odmínovanie, detekciu, prerušenie alebo likvidáciu týchto položiek:
Latvian: a. priekšmeti, kas minēti pozīcijā ML4.a.; vai b. improvizētas spridzināšanas ierīces (IED); Tehniska piezīme:
Maltese: 'attivitajiet' japplikaw għall-ġestjoni, it-tnedija, il-pożizzjonament, il-kontroll, id-diżinneskament, id-detonazzjoni, l-attivazzjoni, il-motorizzazzjoni b'output operattiv ta' darba waħda, l-ingann, l-imblukkar, il-ġbid, is-sejbien, it-tfixkil jew l-użu.
English: Carbonyl chloride (phosgene) (CAS 75-44-5). See 1C450.a.4. on the EU Dual-Use List;
German: Carbonylchlorid (Phosgen) (CAS-Nr. 75-44-5) — siehe Unternummer 1C450a4 der Dual-Use-Liste der EU,
Spanish: Cloruro de carbonilo (fosgeno) (CAS 75-44-5); véase también el subartículo 1C450.a.4 de la Lista de productos de doble uso de la UE;
Hungarian: karbonil klorid (foszgén) (CAS 75-44-5); Lásd a kettős felhasználású termékek és technológiák uniós jegyzékének 1C450.a.4. pontját.
Romanian: clorură de carbonil (fosgen) (CAS 75-44-5); a se vedea 1.C.450.a.4 din Lista de produse cu dublă utilizare a UE;
Lithuanian: Karbonilchloridui (fosgenas) (CAS 75-44-5); Žr. ES dvejopo naudojimo objektų sąrašo 1C450 pozicijos a punkto 4 papunktį;
English: Chloropicrin (CAS 76-06-2). See 1C450.a.7. on the EU Dual-Use List.
German: Chlorpikrin (CAS-Nr. 76-06-2) — siehe Unternummer 1C450a7 der Dual-Use-Liste der EU.
Spanish: Cloropicrina (CAS 76-06-2); véase también el artículo 1C450.a.7 de la Lista de productos de doble uso de la UE.
English: Words and terms contained in this List of Definitions only take the defined meaning where this is indicated by their being enclosed in “double quotations marks”. Definitions of terms between ‘single quotation marks’ are given in a Technical note to the relevant item.
German: Die in diesen Begriffsbestimmungen aufgeführten Ausdrücke und Begriffe haben nur dann die definierte Bedeutung, wenn sie in "doppelte Anführungszeichen" gesetzt sind.
English: Elsewhere, words and terms take their commonly accepted (dictionary) meanings. ML7 “Adapted for use in war”
German: Begriffe in 'einfachen Anführungszeichen' werden in einer technischen Anmerkung zu dem entsprechenden Eintrag erläutert.
Hungarian: Egyéb esetekben a szavak és kifejezések általánosan elfogadott (szótári) jelentésükben értelmezendők.
English: Any modification or selection (such as altering purity, shelf life, virulence, dissemination characteristics, or resistance to UV radiation) designed to increase the effectiveness in producing casualties in humans or animals, degrading equipment or damaging crops or the environment. ML8 “Additives”
German: In anderen Fällen haben Ausdrücke und Begriffe die gemeinhin akzeptierte (Wörterbuch-)Bedeutung.
English: , ML10 and ML14 “Aircraft” A fixed wing, swivel wing, rotary wing (helicopter), tilt rotor or tilt-wing airborne vehicle.
German: Stoffe, die bei der Zubereitung von Sprengstoffen verwendet werden, um deren Eigenschaften zu verbessern.
Swedish: ämnen som när de används enligt sedvanliga villkor i samband med kravallhantering, hos människor snabbt framkallar sensorisk irritation eller funktionsnedsättande fysiska effekter som försvinner kort efter det att exponeringen avbrutits.
Finnish: Aineita tai seoksia, jotka kemiallisessa reaktiossa tuottavat suuria määriä kuumia kaasuja säädellyillä nopeuksilla mekaanisen työn suorittamiseksi.
Hungarian: a reaktortartályon belül lévő vagy ahhoz közvetlenül kapcsolódó egységek, az a berendezés, amely a magban a teljesítményszintet szabályozza és azok a komponensek, amelyek általában a reaktormag primer hűtőközegét foglalják magukban, azzal közvetlenül érintkeznek vagy azt szabályozzák.
English: , 10 “Civil aircraft” Those “aircraft” listed by designation in published airworthiness certification lists by the civil aviation authorities to fly commercial civil internal and external routes or for legitimate civil, private or business use.
German: "Rezeptoren" (receptors) sind biologische makromolekulare Strukturen, die Liganden binden können, deren Bindung physiologische Funktionen beeinflussen.
Swedish: alla modifikationer eller urval (såsom ändrad renhet, hållbarhetstid, virulens, spridningsegenskaper eller motståndskraft mot UV-strålning) som gjorts för att öka effektiviteten i form av förlust av människoliv och djur, skador på utrustning, skördar eller miljön.
English: “End-effectors” Grippers, active tooling units and any other tooling that is attached to the baseplate on the end of a “robot” manipulator arm.
German: Umfassen Greifer, aktive Werkzeugeinheiten und alle anderen Werkzeuge, die am Anschlussflansch am Ende des "Roboter"-Greifarms bzw. der -Greifarme angebaut sind.
English: “Fibrous or filamentary materials” Include:
German: "Faser- oder fadenförmige Materialien" (fibrous or filamentary materials)
English: b. Continuous yarns and rovings; c. Tapes, fabrics, random mats and braids;
German: endlose Einzelfäden (monofilaments),
English: f. Aromatic polyamide pulp. ML15 “First generation image intensifier tubes”
German: geschnittene Fasern, Stapelfasern und zusammenhängende Oberflächenvliese,
English: Note: Copyright restrictions do not remove “technology” or “software” from being “in the public domain”.
German: Bezeichnet jede Änderung oder zielgerichtete Auslese (z.B. Änderung der Reinheit, Lagerbeständigkeit, Virulenz, Verbreitungsmerkmale oder Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen UV-Strahlung), die für die Steigerung der Wirksamkeit bei der Außergefechtsetzung von Menschen oder Tieren, der Schädigung von Ausrüstung oder Vernichtung von Ernten oder der Umwelt ausgeführt wird.
English: , 19 “Laser” An assembly of components which produce both spatially and temporally coherent light that is amplified by stimulated emission of radiation.
German: , 21, 22 "Herstellung" (production)
Finnish: , 19 ”Laser”
English: “Lighter-than-air vehicles” Balloons and airships that rely on hot air or on lighter-than-air gases such as helium or hydrogen for their lift.
German: Schließt alle Fabrikationsstufen ein, z.B. Fertigungsvorbereitung, Fertigung, Integration, Zusammenbau, Kontrolle, Prüfung (Test), Qualitätssicherung.
English: Includes the items within or attached directly to the reactor vessel, the equipment which controls the level of power in the core, and the components which normally contain or come into direct contact with or control the primary coolant of the reactor core. ML8 “Precursors” Speciality chemicals used in the manufacture of explosives.
German: Umfasst alle Bauteile im Inneren des Reaktorbehälters oder die mit dem Reaktorbehälter direkt verbundenen Bauteile, die Einrichtungen für die Steuerung des Leistungspegels des Reaktorkerns und die Bestandteile, die üblicherweise das Primärkühlmittel des Reaktorkerns enthalten oder damit in unmittelbaren Kontakt kommen oder es steuern.
English: Mixtures of solid or liquid fuels and oxidizers which, when ignited, undergo an energetic chemical reaction at a controlled rate intended to produce specific time delays, or quantities of heat, noise, smoke, visible light or infrared radiation. Pyrophorics are a subclass of pyrotechnics, which contain no oxidizers but ignite spontaneously on contact with air. ML22 “Required”
German: Mischungen aus festen oder flüssigen Treibstoffen mit Sauerstoffträgern, die nach dem Anzünden eine energetische chemische Reaktion mit kontrollierter Geschwindigkeit durchlaufen, um spezifische Zeitverzögerungen oder Wärmemengen, Lärm, Rauch, Nebel, Licht oder Infrarotstrahlung zu erzeugen.
English: As applied to “technology”, refers to only that portion of “technology” which is peculiarly responsible for achieving or exceeding the controlled performance levels, characteristics or functions. Such “required”“technology” may be shared by different products.
German: Pyrophore sind eine Untergruppe der Pyrotechnika, die keine Sauerstoffträger enthalten, sich an der Luft aber spontan entzünden.
English: “Software” A collection of one or more “programmes” or “microprogrammes” fixed in any tangible medium of expression.
German: "Software" (software)
English: “Space-qualified” Products designed, manufactured and tested to meet the special electrical, mechanical or environmental requirements for use in the launch and deployment of satellites or high altitude flight systems operating at altitudes of 100 km or higher.
German: Eine Sammlung eines oder mehrerer "Programme" oder "Mikroprogramme", die auf einem beliebigen greifbaren (Ausdrucks-)Medium fixiert sind.
English: Note ML16. applies to unfinished products when they are identifiable by material composition, geometry or function.
Dutch: In ML 16 zijn bedoeld halffabrikaten wanneer deze identificeerbaar zijn door de compositie, geometrie of functie van het materiaal.
Greek: Το σημείο ML16 εφαρμόζεται σε ακατέργαστα προϊόντα εφόσον είναι αναγνωρίσιμα βάσει της υλικής σύνθεσης, της γεωμετρίας ή της λειτουργίας.
English: Terms in “quotations” are defined terms. Refer to ‘Definitions of Terms used in this List’ annexed to this List.
Spanish: Los términos que aparecen entre comillas (“”) se encuentran definidos en el apéndice 'Definiciones de los términos empleados en la presente Lista' anejo a la presente lista.
Hungarian: Az „idézőjelben” szereplő kifejezések rögzített fogalmak; lásd az e listához csatolt „Az e listában használt kifejezések fogalommeghatározásai” című részt.
English: a. includes: a.
French: Le point ML4.a comprend:
Spanish: El subartículo ML4.a incluye:
Slovak: VM 4.a. zahŕňa:
English: Smoke grenades, fire bombs, incendiary bombs and explosive devices; b.
French: a. les grenades fumigènes, bombes incendiaires et dispositifs explosifs;
Spanish: a. Granadas fumígenas, bombas incendiarias y dispositivos explosivos;
English: ’Technical assistance’ may take forms such as instruction, skills, training, working knowledge, consulting services. ‘Technical assistance’ may involve transfer of ‘technical data’.
French: “Assistance technique”: assistance pouvant revêtir des formes telles que instructions, procédés pratiques, formation, connaissances appliquées, services de consultants; peut impliquer le transfert de “documentation technique”.
Spanish: La 'asistencia técnica' puede adoptar la forma de instrucción, adiestramiento especializado, formación, conocimientos prácticos, servicios consultivos y podrá entrañar la transferencia de 'datos técnicos'.
Dutch: 'Technische bijstand' kan zijn in de vorm van instructie, vaardigheden, opleiding, praktijkkennis, advies e.d. en kan gepaard gaan met de overdracht van 'technische gegevens'.
Finnish: ’Tekninen tieto’ voi olla muodoltaan piirustuksia, suunnitelmia, kaavioita, malleja, kaavoja, taulukoita, suunnittelukonstruktioita tai määritelmiä, kirjallisia tai muulle medialle tai laitteille, kuten levylle, nauhalle tai lukumuistiin, talletettuja käsikirjoja ja ohjeita.
English: The only helmets specially designed for bomb disposal personnel that are specified by ML13. are those specially designed for military use.
Italian: Gli unici elmetti appositamente progettati per il personale addetto alla bonifica di ordigni esplosivi ad essere sottoposti ad autorizzazione dal punto ML13 sono quelli appositamente progettati per uso militare.
Portuguese: Os únicos capacetes especialmente concebidos para pessoal das minas e armadilhas abrangidos pelo ponto ML13. são os especialmente concebidos para uso militar.
Slovak: sa v prípade prilieb špeciálne navrhnutých pre personál, ktorý zneškodňuje bomby, vzťahuje len na tie prilby, ktoré sú špeciálne navrhnuté na vojenské účely.
Polish: Spośród hełmów specjalnie zaprojektowanych dla służb saperskich tylko hełmy specjalnie zaprojektowane do celów wojskowych są określone w pozycji ML13.
Hungarian: Az ML13. pontban meghatározottak körébe kizárólag a kifejezetten bombák hatástalanítását végzők számára tervezett, kifejezetten katonai használatú védősisakok tartoznak.
Romanian: Singurele căști concepute special pentru personalul care dezamorsează bombe care sunt specificate la ML13 sunt cele special concepute pentru utilizări militare.
Estonian: Soomusvestide ja kiivrite valmistamisel kasutatud „kiud- või niitmaterjalide” kohta vt ELi kahesuguse kasutusega kaupade nimekirja punkti 1C010 ML14
Latvian: Bumbu iznīcināšanas personālam speciāli paredzētās aizsargķiveres, kas ir minētas pozīcijā ML13, ir tikai tādas, kuras ir speciāli paredzētas militārām vajadzībām.
English: d. Infrared or thermal imaging equipment; e. Imaging radar sensor equipment;
Estonian: detektormassiivid (sh elektrooniliselt ühendatud või vahetu väljundiga süsteemid);
English: Note 1 In ML15, the term specially designed components includes the following when specially designed for military use: a. Infrared image converter tubes; b. Image intensifier tubes (other than first generation); c. Microchannel plates; d. Low-light-level television camera tubes; e. Detector arrays (including electronic interconnection or read out systems); f. Pyroelectric television camera tubes; g. Cooling systems for imaging systems; h.
Estonian: elektrilise päästikuga fotokroomsed või elektrooptilised katikud kiirusega alla 100 μs, v.a katikud, mis on kiirkaamera põhikomponendiks;
English: Fibre optic image inverters; j.
Estonian: liitpooljuht-fotokatoodid.
English: Note 2 ML15 does not apply to “first generation image intensifier tubes” or equipment specially designed to incorporate “first generation image intensifier tube”.
Estonian: Kategooriat ML15 ei kohaldata „esimese põlvkonna kujutisvõimendite” suhtes või seadmete suhtes, mis on spetsiaalselt loodud ühilduma „esimese põlvkonna kujutisvõimenditega”.
English: Special reinforcements or mountings for weapons; d.
Finnish: Aseiden erityisvahvistukset ja -alustat;
English: a. Butyl 2-chloro-4-fluorophenoxyacetate (LNF); b. 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (CAS 93-76-5) mixed with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (CAS 94-75-7) (Agent Orange (CAS 39277-47-9));
Swedish: 2,4,5-triklorfenoxiättiksyra (CAS-nr 93-76-5) blandad med 2,4-diklorfenoxiättiksyra (CAS-nr 94-75-7) [Agent Orange (CAS-nr 39277-47-9)].
Finnish: b. 2,4,5-trikloorifenoksietikkahappo (CAS 93-76-5) sekoitettuna 2,4-dikloorifenoksietikkahappoon (CAS 94-75-7) (Agent Orange (CAS 39277-47-9)).
Hungarian: 2,4,5-triklórfenoxi ecetsav (CAS 93-76-5) keverve 2,4-diklórfenoxi ecetsavval (CAS 94-75-7) (Agent Orange (CAS 39277-47-9));
English: “Additives” Substances used in explosive formulations to improve their properties.
Finnish: ”Ajoaineet” (Propellants)
English: , 10 “Civil aircraft” Those “aircraft” listed by designation in published airworthiness certification lists by the civil aviation authorities to fly commercial civil internal and external routes or for legitimate civil, private or business use. ML21, 22 “Development” Is related to all stages prior to serial production, such as: design, design research, design analyses, design concepts, assembly and testing of prototypes, pilot production schemes, design data, process of transforming design data into a product, configuration design, integration design, layouts. ML17 “End-effectors” Grippers, active tooling units and any other tooling that is attached to the baseplate on the end of a “robot” manipulator arm. Technical Note “Active tooling units” are devices for applying motive power, process energy or sensing to a work piece. ML8 “Energetic materials” Substances or mixtures that react chemically to release energy required for their intended application. “Explosives”, “pyrotechnics” and “propellants” are subclasses of energetic materials. ML8, 18 “Explosives” Solid, liquid or gaseous substances or mixtures of substances which, in their application as primary, booster, or main charges in warheads, demolition and other applications, are required to detonate.
Finnish: ”Reseptorit” ovat biologisia makromolekyylirakenteita, jotka pystyvät sitomaan ligandeja, mikä vaikuttaa fysiologisiin toimintoihin.
English: “Expression Vectors” Carriers (e.g. plasmid or virus) used to introduce genetic material into host cells. ML 17 “Fuel cell”
Finnish: ”Ekspressiovektorit” (Expression Vectors)
English: An electrochemical device that converts chemical energy directly into Direct Current (DC) electricity by consuming fuel from an external source. ML13 “Fibrous or filamentary materials” Include:
Finnish: Kantajia (esim. plasmidi tai virus), jonka avulla geneettistä materiaalia siirretään isäntäsoluihin.
English: a. Continuous monofilaments; b. Continuous yarns and rovings;
Finnish: ”Energeettiset aineet” (Energetic materials)
English: c. Tapes, fabrics, random mats and braids; d. Chopped fibres, staple fibres and coherent fibre blankets;
Finnish: Aineita tai seoksia, jotka reagoivat kemiallisesti vapauttaen energiaa tarkoitettuun käyttösovellukseen.
English: e. Whiskers, either monocrystalline or polycrystalline, of any length; f. Aromatic polyamide pulp.
Finnish: ”Räjähteet”, ”pyrotekniset aineet” ja ”ajoaineet” ovat energeettisten aineiden alaryhmiä.
English: “Lighter-than-air vehicles” Balloons and airships that rely on hot air or on lighter-than-air gases such as helium or hydrogen for their lift. ML17 “Nuclear reactor” Includes the items within or attached directly to the reactor vessel, the equipment which controls the level of power in the core, and the components which normally contain or come into direct contact with or control the primary coolant of the reactor core.
Finnish: Komponenttien muodostama kokonaisuus, joka tuottaa sekä avaruudellisesti että ajallisesti koherenttia valoa, jota vahvistetaan stimuloidulla säteilyemissiolla.
English: “Precursors” Speciality chemicals used in the manufacture of explosives.
Finnish: ”Lisäaineet” (Additives)
English: , 21, 22 “Production” Means all production stages, such as: product engineering, manufacture, integration, assembly (mounting), inspection, testing, quality assurance.
Finnish: Aineita, joita käytetään räjähdeseoksissa niiden ominaisuuksien parantamiseksi.
English: Pyrophorics are a subclass of pyrotechnics, which contain no oxidizers but ignite spontaneously on contact with air. ML22 “Required”
Finnish: Pyroforiset aineet ovat pyroteknisten aineiden alaryhmä; ne eivät sisällä hapettimia vaan syttyvät itsestään ilman kosketuksesta.
English: “Robot” A manipulation mechanism, which may be of the continuous path or of the point-to-point variety, may use sensors, and has all the following characteristics:
Finnish: Manipulaatiomekanismi, joka voi olla jatkuvaa rataa tai pisteestä pisteeseen kulkevaa tyyppiä, voi käyttää antureita ja jolla on seuraavat ominaisuudet:
English: a. does not apply to the following: a.
French: Le point ML1.a ne vise pas les articles suivants:
Swedish: a omfattar inte följande:
Slovak: VM 1.a. sa nevzťahuje na:
Romanian: a. nu se aplică următoarelor:
English: Muskets, rifles and carbines manufactured earlier than 1938; b.
French: a. mousquets, fusils et carabines fabriqués avant 1938;
Swedish: Musköter, gevär och karbiner tillverkade före 1938.
Slovak: muškety, pušky a karabíny vyrobené pred rokom 1938;
Romanian: muschete, puști și carabine fabricate înainte de anul 1938;
English: Reproductions of muskets, rifles and carbines the originals of which were manufactured earlier than 1890; c.
French: b. reproductions de mousquets, fusils et carabines dont les originaux ont été fabriqués avant 1890;
Swedish: Reproduktioner av musköter, gevär och karbiner där originalen tillverkades före 1890.
Slovak: repliky a napodobeniny muškiet, pušiek a karabín podľa originálov, ktoré boli vyrobené pred rokom 1890;
Romanian: reproduceri de muschete, puști și carabine ale căror modele originale au fost fabricate înainte de anul 1890;
English: b. includes: a.
French: Le point ML4.b comprend:
Slovak: VM 4.b. zahŕňa:
English: Mobile gas liquefying equipment capable of producing 1000 kg or more per day of gas in liquid form; b.
French: a. le matériel mobile pour la liquéfaction des gaz, capable de produire 1000 kg ou plus de gaz sous forme liquide par jour;
Slovak: mobilné plynové skvapalňovacie zariadenia schopné vyprodukovať 1000 kg alebo viac plynu v kvapalnej forme za deň;
English: Specific information necessary for the “development”, “production” or “use” of a product. The information takes the form of ‘technical data’ or ‘technical assistance’.
French: Connaissances spécifiques requises pour le “développement”, la “production” ou l'“utilisation” d’un produit; ces connaissances se transmettent par la voie de la “documentation technique” ou de l'“assistance technique”.