FrancophonIA/DGT-Translation_Memory huggingface dataset:
English: standards, the manufacturer may nevertheless try to provide evidence that his product is as safe as if it were compliant with the standard’s limit value by way of a fully fledged risk assessment on his product. However, this may require more effort, and may be impossible in cases such as the small parts cylinder referred to above, than actually manufacturing the product in compliance with the standard’s limit value.
Spanish: en las normas, el fabricante puede tratar de demostrar, mediante una evaluación completa del riesgo, que su producto es igual de seguro que si fuera conforme a los valores límite determinados en una norma, lo que, no obstante, requiere más esfuerzo que fabricar un producto conforme a dichos valores y, en supuestos como el del cilindro para partes pequeñas antes mencionado, puede resultar imposible.
English: chemical hazard, such as a toxic substance that can poison a consumer immediately upon ingestion, or a carcinogenic substance that can cause cancer in the long term. Some chemicals may damage the consumer only after repeated exposure;
Spanish: peligro químico, como el de las sustancias tóxicas, que pueden intoxicar al consumidor nada más ingerirlas, o el de las sustancias cancerígenas, que pueden provocar un cáncer a largo plazo (algunas sustancias químicas solo dañan al consumidor tras una exposición repetida),
Finnish: kemiallinen vaara, kuten myrkyllinen aine, joka voi myrkyttää kuluttajan välittömästi sitä nieltäessä, tai syöpää aiheuttava aine, joka voi aiheuttaa syöpää pitkällä aikavälillä; jotkin kemikaalit voivat vahingoittaa kuluttajaa ainoastaan toistuvan altistumisen jälkeen;
Lithuanian: cheminis pavojus, pvz., keliamas toksiškos medžiagos, kuri gali apnuodyti vartotoją vos jos nurijus, arba karcinogeninės medžiagos, kuri ilgalaikėje perspektyvoje gali sukelti vėžį; kai kurios cheminės medžiagos gali pakenkti vartotojui, tik pakartotinai jį veikdamos;
English: Of course, these injuries together are very serious. Several injuries in different scenarios should, however, not be added.
Spanish: Por supuesto, todas estas lesiones juntas son muy graves; no obstante, no deben acumularse diversas lesiones de diferentes hipótesis.
English: Another example is a sunscreen product which displays ‘high protection’ (sun protection factor of 30) on the label but provides only ‘low protection’ (factor of 6). This can lead to severe sunburn.
French: Autre exemple: une lotion solaire sur l’étiquette de laquelle figure «haute protection» (indice de protection solaire de 30) mais qui n’offre qu’une faible protection (indice de 6), ce qui peut être source de graves coups de soleil.
Spanish: Otro ejemplo sería un producto de protección solar en cuya etiqueta se indique «alta protección» (factor de protección 30), pero que en realidad sea de «baja protección» (factor 6), lo que puede dar lugar a quemaduras graves.
Italian: Altro esempio: una crema solare sulla cui etichetta figura la dicitura «alta protezione» (fattore di protezione solare 30), ma che offre invece soltanto una bassa protezione (fattore 6) e può così essere responsabile di gravi ustioni.
English: In conclusion, a product that is normally safe for an average adult may not be safe for vulnerable consumers. This has to be taken into account when determining the severity and probability of an injury (see below) and thus the risk.
Spanish: En conclusión, un producto que normalmente es seguro para un adulto medio puede no serlo para los consumidores vulnerables, lo que ha de tenerse en cuenta a la hora de determinar la gravedad y la probabilidad de una lesión (véase más adelante) y, por tanto, el riesgo.
English: Nevertheless, even ‘totally unperceived’ scenarios can be considered under these guidelines, even when they lead to very severe injuries, because such scenarios will always have very low probability. This possibly safeguards against such scenarios having too much of an influence in determining the overall risk of the product.
Spanish: Sin embargo, en el marco de las presentes directrices también pueden tenerse en cuenta las hipótesis «totalmente irreales», incluso cuando conducen a lesiones muy graves, ya que la probabilidad de tales hipótesis siempre será muy baja, lo que posiblemente evite que tales hipótesis tengan una influencia excesiva en la determinación del riesgo global del producto.
Italian: Tuttavia, anche gli scenari del tutto inosservati possono essere presi in considerazione sulla base di queste linee guida, anche se i danni che comportano sono molto gravi, in quanto sono scenari che hanno sempre una probabilità molto bassa e questo evita che influenzino eccessivamente la determinazione del rischio complessivo del prodotto.
English: On the other hand, a chemical hazard may cause cancer. This normally passes unnoticed, and the illness may appear only after many years, and is considered to be very severe since cancer is very difficult to cure, if at all;
Spanish: Por el contrario, un peligro químico puede provocar cáncer, lo que normalmente pasa desapercibido; puede que la enfermedad no se manifieste hasta muchos años después y, además, se considera muy grave, ya que es muy difícil de curar, cuando no imposible.
Italian: Nel caso di un pericolo chimico che può essere all'origine di un cancro, il danno passa invece inosservato e la malattia può manifestarsi soltanto dopo anni; il danno è considerato molto grave, essendo il cancro una malattia difficilmente curabile o incurabile,
English: Multiplying the probabilities of the above steps together gives an overall probability for the scenario of 1/10 * 1/10 * 1/3 * 1/20 = 1/6000. This translates into > 1/10000 (see left-hand side of table 4).
Spanish: Si se multiplican las probabilidades de todas las etapas anteriores, la probabilidad global resultante para la hipótesis es de 1/10 * 1/10 * 1/3 * 1/20 = 1/6000, lo que corresponde a > 1/10000 (véase la columna izquierda del cuadro 4).
Italian: Moltiplicando le probabilità di ciascuna delle tappe descritte, si ottiene per lo scenario una probabilità complessiva di 1/10 * 1/10 * 1/3 * 1/20 = 1/6000, ossia > 1/10000 (colonna di sinistra della tabella 4).
Polish: Mnożąc prawdopodobieństwa powyższych etapów, otrzymujemy ogólne prawdopodobieństwo scenariusza – 1/10 * 1/10 * 1/3 * 1/20 = 1/6000, co przekłada się na > 1/10000 (zob. lewa strona tabeli 4).
Slovenian: Množenje verjetnosti zgornjih korakov da celotno verjetnost scenarija, in sicer: 1/10 * 1/10 * 1/3 * 1/20 = 1/6000, kar znaša > 1/10000 (glej levo stran preglednice 4).
English: When the test results of the product fail by a large margin to come within the limit values required (by the relevant standard or legislation), the probability of the injury (scenario) occurring may be higher than if the product performed close to the limit values. The ‘probability of injury’ in this instance is the probability that the injury scenario may actually happen.
Spanish: Cuando los resultados del ensayo al que se ha sometido el producto no son conformes por un amplio margen a los valores límite exigidos (por la norma o legislación pertinente), la probabilidad de que ocurra la (hipótesis de) lesión puede ser mayor que si el producto se acerca a dichos valores.
Estonian: See kehtib eelkõige laste kohta, sest lastel ei ole tavaliselt ennetavate meetmete võtmise kogemust (vt ka jagu 3.3 „Kaitsetud tarbijad”);
English: Considerations of this kind do, however, play a role when determining the appropriate risk reduction measures (see section 4). Also, accident statistics, even if product-specific, have to be considered with care when used for to estimate probability.
Spanish: La probabilidad, por tanto, no describe la exposición general de la población al producto, calculada, por ejemplo, teniendo en cuenta los millones de artículos de ese producto vendidos en el mercado y considerando que algunos de ellos pueden fallar; sin embargo, las consideraciones de este tipo influyen en la determinación de las medidas adecuadas para la reducción del riesgo (véase el apartado 4).
English: Within market surveillance, action will often be taken in contact between the authority and the manufacturer, importer or distributor. This can help the authority to determine the most effective and efficient way of managing the risk.
Spanish: En el marco de la vigilancia del mercado, para tomar medidas normalmente se establecen contactos entre la autoridad y el fabricante, el importador o el distribuidor, lo que puede ayudar a la autoridad a determinar la manera más eficaz y efectiva de gestionar el riesgo.
Italian: Nel quadro della vigilanza del mercato, spesso l'autorità agisce in contatto con il fabbricante, l'importatore o il distributore e grazie a questa cooperazione può stabilire il modo più efficace ed efficiente di gestire il rischio.
Estonian: Kui vigastuse raskus ja tõenäosus on kindlaks määratud, võimaluse korral mitme vigastusstsenaariumi puhul, tuleb riskitaset kontrollida tabeli 4 alusel.
English: In specific cases, a particular hazard may lead to a less-than-highest risk and require specific risk management measures. This has to be taken duly into account.
Spanish: En determinados casos, un peligro concreto puede conducir a un riesgo inferior al más elevado y precisar de medidas específicas para la gestión del riesgo, lo que ha de tenerse debidamente en cuenta.
English: A folding chair has a folding mechanism constructed in such a way that the user’s fingers can get trapped between the seat and the folding mechanism. This can lead to fractures or even loss of one or more fingers.
Spanish: Las sillas plegables tienen un mecanismo de plegado diseñado de manera que los dedos del usuario pueden quedar atrapados entre el asiento y el mecanismo, lo que puede provocar fracturas o, incluso, la pérdida de uno o varios dedos.
Italian: Una sedia pieghevole è dotata di un meccanismo concepito di modo tale che le dita dell'utilizzatore possono rimanere incastrate tra il sedile e il meccanismo stesso, con conseguente frattura o perdita di uno o più dita.
English: This case deals with socket protectors. These are devices that users (parents) put into the electrical socket outlets to stop small children from accessing live parts by putting a long metal object into one of the holes in the outlet and getting a (fatal) electric shock.
Spanish: Este supuesto se refiere a los protectores de enchufes, dispositivos que los usuarios (padres) colocan en la toma de corriente de los enchufes eléctricos para evitar que los niños de corta edad accedan a las partes activas introduciendo objetos metálicos alargados en los agujeros y sufran una descarga eléctrica (que puede ser mortal).
Italian: Sono dispositivi che gli utilizzatori (genitori) applicano alle prese di corrente per impedire che i bambini piccoli introducano un oggetto metallico in uno dei fori della presa e subiscano una scossa elettrica (mortale).
English: The holes in this particular protector (where the pins of the plug go through) are so narrow that the pins can get stuck. This means that the user may pull the protector off the outlet when the plug is pulled out.
Spanish: Los agujeros de este particular protector (en el que se introducen las patillas del enchufe) son tan estrechos que las patillas pueden quedar atrapadas, de manera que el usuario, al desconectar el enchufe, puede arrancar el protector de la toma de corriente sin darse cuenta.
English: Injury scenario Injury type and location
Spanish: Tipo de lesión y localización
English: The factors used to calculate the risk of an injury scenario, namely the severity of the injury and the probability, often have to be estimated. This creates uncertainty.
French: Les facteurs utilisés pour calculer le risque d’un scénario d’accident, à savoir la gravité de la lésion et la probabilité, doivent souvent faire l’objet d’une estimation, qui est génératrice d’incertitude.
Spanish: Los factores utilizados para calcular el riesgo de una hipótesis de lesión, a saber, la gravedad de la lesión y la probabilidad, a menudo tienen que estimarse, lo que crea incertidumbre.
Italian: I fattori utilizzati per calcolare il rischio di uno scenario di incidente, cioè la gravità del danno e la probabilità, devono spesso essere stimati e questo genera incertezza.
Polish: Czynniki wykorzystywane do obliczania ryzyka scenariusza powstawania urazu, mianowicie skala urazu i prawdopodobieństwo, często muszą być określane szacunkowo, co rodzi niepewność.
English: Person is exposed to noise from the product. Tinnitus and hearing loss may occur depending on sound level and distance
French: La personne est exposée au bruit que génère le produit, ce qui peut provoquer un acouphène ou une perte auditive, selon le niveau sonore et la distance.
Spanish: La persona está expuesta al ruido procedente del producto, lo que puede provocar acúfenos y pérdida de audición en función del nivel de sonido y la distancia
Italian: La persona è esposta al rumore generato dal prodotto, che può causare acufeni o la perdita dell'udito, secondo il livello sonoro e la distanza
English: Any injury that could easily have been avoided will be difficult to accept for a consumer. However, authorities can justifiably invest more effort into avoiding irreversible consequences than into preventing temporary discomfort.
Spanish: Cualquier lesión que hubiera podido ser fácilmente evitable será difícilmente aceptada por el consumidor; no obstante, es lógico que las autoridades inviertan más esfuerzos en evitar las consecuencias irreversibles que en prevenir molestias temporales.
English: National differences may exist, either cultural or caused by different systems of health care and financial arrangements. However, deviating from the proposed classification in the table will affect uniform assessment of risks in the EU; this should be clearly stated and explained in the risk assessment report, and reasons should be given.
Spanish: Puede haber diferencias nacionales, tanto culturales como derivadas de los distintos sistemas de asistencia sanitaria y acuerdos financieros; sin embargo, cualquier desviación de la clasificación propuesta en el cuadro afectará a la uniformidad de la evaluación de riesgos en la UE, por lo que debe indicarse y explicarse claramente en el informe de evaluación del riesgo, razonándose adecuadamente.
Estonian: või 3. aste: > 35 % kehapinnast
English: Professional or private e-mail accounts of the officials in charge of the RAPEX Contact Point should not be used as the e-mail account of the Contact Point. The RAPEX Contact Point also has direct phone and fax numbers through which it can be reached during and outside working hours.
Estonian: RAPEXi kontaktpunkti eest vastutavate ametnike töö- või erameilikontosid ei tohiks kasutada kontaktpunkti meilikontona, RAPEXi kontaktpunktil on samuti telefoni ja faksi otsenumber, mille kaudu saab kontaktpunktiga ühendust tööajal või väljaspool tööaega.
English: Nevertheless, they follow the same principles as for ‘normal’ consumer products: hazard identification and assessment – this is the same as determining the severity of the injury, as described above;
Swedish: De följer dock samma principer som vanliga konsumentvaror:Kartläggning och bedömning av faror: Detta är samma sak som att bestämma skadans allvarlighetsgrad enligt beskrivningen ovan.
Estonian: Siiski järgitakse nende puhul samu põhimõtteid kui tavapäraste tarbekaupade puhul: ohu kindlakstegemine ja hindamine – see on võrdne vigastuse raskuse määramisega, nagu on kirjeldatud eespool;
English: The probability of this happening is put at 1/10, since the area of upper body exposed to the pieces flying off is considered to be 1/10 of the half-sphere in front of the wall. Of course, if the user were standing very close to the wall, his body would take a larger share of the half-sphere, and the probability would be higher. Step 3:
Estonian: Selle juhtumi tõenäosuseks on määratud 1/10, sest ülakeha, mida tükid võivad tabada, moodustab seinale projitseeritavast poolsfäärist 1/10.
English: The piece hits the user on the head. The head is estimated to be about 1/3 of the upper body, and the probability is therefore 1/3.
Estonian: Kui kasutaja seisaks seinale väga lähedal, hõlmaks tema keha suurema osa poolsfäärist ning juhtumi tõenäosus oleks suurem.
English: This requires rather a lot of experience, thus suggesting that the assistance of persons experienced in risk assessment should be sought (see above in section ‘Let others check your risk assessment’). As experience is gained with these guidelines estimating probability should become easier, and an increasing number of examples will become available to facilitate this task.
Estonian: Eespool esitatud etappide tõenäosuste korrutamisel saame stsenaariumi üldiseks tõenäosuseks 1/10 × 1/10 × 1/3 × 1/20 = 1 / 6000.
English: This applies in particular to children, since children do not normally have the experience to take preventive action, on the contrary (see also ‘Vulnerable consumers’ in section 3.3). When the risk is readily recognisable, including through warning labels, the probability may have to be lowered because the user will use the product more carefully in order to avoid injury as far as possible.
Estonian: See eeldab palju kogemusi, mis tähendab, et riskihindamisel on soovitatav paluda kogenud isikute abi (vt eespool jagu „Lubage teistel teie riskihindamist kontrollida”).
English: This may not apply to an injury scenario with a (young) child or other vulnerable user (see table 1) who cannot read. When accidents have been reported that fit into the injury scenario, the probability for that scenario could increase.
Estonian: Kuna käesolevate suunistega saadakse juurde uusi kogemusi, peaks tõenäosuse hindamine muutuma lihtsamaks ning ülesande lahendamist peaks lihtsustama ka suurem arv näiteid.
English: When a fairly large number of conditions are needed for the injury to occur, the overall probability of the scenario would normally be lower. When the conditions needed for the injury to occur are easily met, this may increase the probability.
Estonian: kui toodet kasutab stsenaariumi järgi kaitsetum tarbija, tuleb tõenäosust üldiselt suurendada, sest kaitsetum tarbija võib palju kergemini viga saada.
English: Probability does not therefore describe the general exposure of the population to the product, calculated, for example, by considering the millions of product items sold on the market and then considering that a few of them might fail. Considerations of this kind do, however, play a role when determining the appropriate risk reduction measures (see section 4).
Estonian: kui risk on kergesti äratuntav, sealhulgas hoiatussiltide abil, tuleb tõenäosust võib-olla väiksemaks muuta, sest kasutaja kasutab toodet hoolikamalt, et vältida nii palju kui võimalik vigastuse tekkimist.
English: Also, accident statistics, even if product-specific, have to be considered with care when used for to estimate probability. The circumstances of the accident may not be reported in sufficient detail, the product may have changed over time, or the manufacturer may be different, and so on.
Estonian: See ei pruugi kehtida vigastusstsenaariumi puhul, kus vaatluse all on väike laps või mõni muu kaitsetu kasutaja (vt tabel 1), kes ei oska lugeda;
English: In addition, light accidents may not have been reported to those collecting the data for the statistics. None the less, accident statistics can shed light on injury scenarios and their probability. 3.7. Determination of risk
Estonian: kui on teatatud õnnetusjuhtumitest, mis sobivad vigastusstsenaariumi juurde, võib selle stsenaariumi tõenäosus suureneda.
English: Once the severity of the injury and the probability have been determined, if possible for several injury scenarios, the risk level then needs to be looked up in table 4. Table 4 combines both the severity of the injury and the probability, and the highest risk is ‘the risk’ of the product.
Estonian: Juhtudel kui selliseid õnnetusjuhtumeid on üksnes harva registreeritud või neid ei ole üldse teada, võib olla kasulik küsida toote tootjalt, kas ta on teadlik toote tõttu tekkinud õnnetusjuhtumitest või toote kahjulikust mõjust;
English: Risks requiring specific risk management measures should also be reported, to ensure that all risks are reduced to a minimum. These guidelines distinguish between 4 levels of risk: serious, high, medium and low.
Estonian: kui vigastuse tekkimiseks on vaja üsna paljude eeltingimuste täitmist, on stsenaariumi üldine tõenäosus tavaliselt madalam;
English: Nevertheless, 4 graduations are considered normal for consumer products, since they make for a sufficiently robust estimation of severity; 5 levels would be too sophisticated since neither the severity of the injury nor the probability can be determined with very high precision. At the end of the risk assessment, be it for an individual injury scenario or for the overall risk of the product, the plausibility of the risk level and uncertainties in the estimates should be considered.
Slovenian: Analiza občutljivosti je lahko prav tako dragocena (glej primer v oddelku 6.3).
Estonian: Vigastuse tõenäosus selles näites on tõenäosus, et vigastusstsenaarium võib ka tegelikult realiseeruda.
English: This may mean verifying that the risk assessor has used the best information available to make his estimations and assumptions. Feedback from colleagues and other experts can also be helpful.
Italian: A questo scopo può essere necessario verificare se le stime e le ipotesi formulate si basano sulle migliori informazioni disponibili; possono essere utili anche i pareri di colleghi e altri esperti.
Estonian: Tõenäosus ei kirjelda seega elanikkonna üldist kokkupuudet tootega, mis arvutatakse näiteks võttes arvesse miljoneid turul müüdud tooteid ning asjaolu, et mõned neist toodetest ei pruugi toimida nii nagu ette nähtud.
English: A sensitivity analysis can also be very valuable (see example in section 6.3). How does the risk level change when the severity of injury or probability changes by 1 level up or down?
Estonian: Sellist liiki kaalutlustel on siiski oluline osa asjakohaste riski vähendamise meetmete kindlaksmääramisel (vt 4. peatükk).
English: If the risk level does not change at all, it is quite plausible that it has been estimated correctly. If it changes, however, the risk level may be borderline.
Slovenian: V tem primeru je treba ponovno preučiti scenarije poškodb ter ustrezno resnost poškodb in verjetnosti.
Estonian: Ka õnnetusjuhtumite statistikasse, isegi kui see puudutab konkreetset toodet, tuleb tõenäosuse hindamisel ettevaatlikkusega suhtuda.
English: From risk to action Once the risk assessment is complete it will normally be used to decide whether action needs to be taken to reduce the risk and thus prevent harm to a consumer’s health.
Estonian: Õnnetusjuhtumite statistika võib siiski selgitada õnnetusjuhtumite stsenaariume ja nende tõenäosust.
English: With a serious risk in a consumer product, measures to reduce the risk may include withdrawal from the market or recall. Lower levels of risk normally lead to less rigorous measures.
Estonian: Tabelis 4 on ühendatud vigastuse raskus ja tõenäosus ning suurim risk on toote risk.
English: It may then be sufficient to add warning labels on the product or to improve the instructions to make the product safe. Thus, whatever the level of risk, the authority should consider whether to take action, and if so, what action.
Estonian: Registreerida tuleks ka riskid, mille puhul on vajalik võtta spetsiaalseid riskijuhtimismeetmeid, et tagada, et kõik riskid on vähendatud miinimumini.
English: Nevertheless, there is no automatic link from risk to action. When a product shows several less-than-serious risks, and its overall risk is thus not serious, urgent action may be necessary since any of the risks may materialise quite quickly.
Estonian: Käesolevates suunistes eristatakse nelja riskitaset: tõsine, suur, keskmine ja väike.
English: The pattern of risks in the product may indicate a lack of quality control in production. It is also important to take account of exposure of the population as a whole.
Estonian: Kõrvutiste vigastuse raskusastmete või tõenäosuste vaheline riskitase muutub tavaliselt ühe astme võrra.