FrancophonIA/DGT-Translation_Memory huggingface dataset:
English: clarification of the Decree implementing the Law of 16 July 1980, incorporation of a reference spelling out the absence of a guarantee in La Poste’s contracts involving a claim, a mechanism for transferring from La Poste to the State any negative effect on the spread linked to the fact that La Poste is not subject to collective procedures under ordinary law. 3.2.1. CLARIFICATION OF THE DECREE IMPLEMENTING THE LAW OF 16 JULY 1980
Dutch: VERHELDERING VAN HET UITVOERINGSDECREET VAN DE WET VAN 16 JULI 1980
English: If the argument is confined to claims guaranteed by the State, it would mean that a right of property that had once been guaranteed by the State would enjoy constitutional protection superior to other property rights. There is nothing to suggest that this is so.
Dutch: Als de argumentatie vervolgens moet worden beperkt tot gevallen van door de staat gegarandeerde schuldvorderingen, zou dat betekenen dat voor een eigendomsrecht dat oorspronkelijk door de staat is gegarandeerd, een constitutionele bescherming zou moeten gelden die verder reikt dan de overige eigendomsrechten.
Slovak: Ak by potom bolo potrebné zúžiť argument na prípady pohľadávok zaručených štátom, znamenalo by to, že na vlastnícke právo, ktoré pôvodne zaručuje štát, by sa mala vzťahovať ústavná ochrana nadradená ochrane ostatných vlastníckych práv. Žiadna takáto ochrana neexistuje.
English: Bulletin officiel de la comptabilité publique. NOR: BUD R 0200060 J.
Dutch: Bulletin Officiel de la Comptabilité publique, NOR: BUD R 02 00060 J.
English: The Council of State does not refer to the aims of the establishment. And it speaks of publicly owned establishments, and not of publicly owned establishments with public accountants.
Polish: Co więcej odnosi się do charakteru zakładu publicznego, a nie do charakteru zakładów publicznych, w którym środki administrowane są przez księgowego środków publicznych.
Romanian: Astfel, în acest aviz, Consiliul de Stat nu face nicio referire la misiunea instituției, dar se referă la statutul de instituție publică și nu la cel al instituțiilor publice care au contabil public.
English: The Commission will now consider the steps to be taken by creditors of La Poste in order to settle their claims if La Poste were to be in financial difficulty and unable to meet its debts. The Commission will seek to determine whether, at the end of a procedure that is defined in advance and conducted in public, a creditor of La Poste will be in a position comparable to that of a creditor of an enterprise governed by commercial law.
Polish: Komisja pragnie obecnie przeanalizować postępowanie wierzyciela przedsiębiorstwa La Poste mające na celu uregulowanie jego wierzytelności, w przypadku gdy przedsiębiorstwo to znalazłoby się w trudnej sytuacji finansowej i nie mogło wywiązać się ze swoich zobowiązań, Komisja ustali, czy po zakończeniu wcześniej określonej i upublicznionej procedury wierzyciel przedsiębiorstwa La Poste znajduje się w sytuacji porównywalnej z sytuacją wierzyciela przedsiębiorstwa podlegającego przepisom prawa handlowego.
English: It is clear from all these provisions that the Law of 16 July 1980 and its implementing rules are intended only to ensure the enforcement of final judicial decisions ordering either the State, a local authority or a publicly owned establishment to pay a sum of money. They do not prescribe any compulsory administration or winding-up procedure.
Portuguese: Decorre do conjunto destas disposições que a Lei de 16 de Julho de 1980 e os seus textos de aplicação se destinam exclusivamente a executar decisões judiciais transitadas em julgado que condenam quer o Estado, quer uma autarquia local, quer um estabelecimento público, ao pagamento de um montante em numerário, não estabelecendo procedimentos de recuperação ou liquidação.
English: The State has important prerogatives: first, the issuing of a mandatory payment order, and second, the creation of sufficient resources. This calls for an examination of the extent to which the possibilities for creditors to obtain compensation through the liability of the State in the event of La Poste defaulting can be likened to a form of guarantee.
Portuguese: O Estado dispõe de prerrogativas importantes: por um lado, a autorização automática de pagamento e, por outro lado, a criação de recursos suficientes, o que obriga a analisar se as possibilidades de indemnização proporcionadas aos credores pela existência de responsabilidade do Estado em caso de incumprimento por parte da La Poste não poderão ser consideradas como uma forma de garantia.
English: Moreover, the French authorities assert that the possibilities of compensation opened by incurring liability, under restrictive conditions, to creditors of legal entities governed by public law cannot be considered equivalent to a form of guarantee. A guarantee requires the guarantor to accept the fact of the guarantee.
Portuguese: Por outro lado, as autoridades francesas afirmam que as possibilidades de indemnização proporcionadas pela invocação de responsabilidade do Estado, em condições restritivas, perante os credores das pessoas colectivas públicas não podem ser consideradas como uma forma de garantia.
English: The amendment would apply to the fourth subparagraph of Article 3(1) of the Decree, which organises the supervisory power conferred on the Prefect or on the supervisory authority. The amendment must dispel any misgivings harboured by the Commission concerning the scope of the expression ‘shall do so’ (‘y pourvoit’).
Portuguese: A alteração, que incidiria no quarto parágrafo do artigo 3. o, n.o 1, do decreto, que rege o direito de tutela conferido ao Prefeito ou à autoridade de tutela, permitiria dissipar todas as dúvidas da Comissão no que se refere ao alcance da expressão «y pourvoit».
English: Third, the French authorities’ expert concludes that the debts contracted by La Poste since the entry into force, on 1 January 2005, of the Organic Law governing the Finance Act (‘LOLF’) do not qualify for an implied guarantee. With regard to debts contracted before that date and whose lifetime extends beyond it, the expert acknowledges that two views are possible.
Portuguese: Em terceiro lugar, o perito das autoridades francesas defende que as dívidas contraídas pela La Poste depois da entrada em vigor da LOLF, em 1 de Janeiro de 2005, não podem beneficiar de uma garantia implícita.
English: The Commission also accepts that the resources to be released in the first place are the resources of the establishment itself. But this does not prevent a finding that once a publicly owned establishment’s own resources are exhausted its debts can be honoured only out of state funds.
Portuguese: A Comissão reconhece igualmente que os recursos a libertar são antes de mais os recursos próprios do estabelecimento, o que a não impede de constatar que depois de os recursos próprios se terem esgotado, só os fundos do Estado permitirão honrar as dívidas do estabelecimento público devedor.
English: First, there is a liability on the State for a failure in the exercise of the prerogatives conferred by the Law of 16 July 1980 and its implementing measures. This is a scheme of liability for serious fault.
Portuguese: Em primeiro lugar, cria um regime de responsabilidade do Estado baseado exclusivamente numa deficiência na utilização das prerrogativas instituídas pela Lei de 16 de Julho de 1980 e suas medidas de aplicação, que é um regime de responsabilidade por falta grave.
English: Labetoulle observes that the Council of State held in Campoloro only that in the event of a decision taken legitimately by the prefect the State ‘may be liable’. He deduces that liability is not automatic.
Portuguese: Este autor observa que o Conselho de Estado decidiu no processo Campoloro que a decisão legal do prefeito é apenas «susceptível de conduzir à responsabilização do Estado», deduzindo assim que não existe automaticidade.
Romanian: Autorul remarcă faptul că, în cauza Campoloro, Consiliul de Stat consideră că decizia legală a prefectului este doar „susceptibilă să angajeze răspunderea statului” și deduce din aceasta că nu există nicio abordare automată a mecanismului.
English: Moreover, this guarantee is implied because it is not set out in any legislation. This demonstrates that a judicial mechanism under national law can be interpreted as an implied guarantee,
Portuguese: Por outro lado, esta garantia é implícita, pois não está inscrita em nenhum texto, o que demonstra que um mecanismo jurídico de direito interno pode ser interpretado como uma garantia implícita;
English: At the time of the bond issue referred to by the French authorities, the guarantee enjoyed by La Poste was classified as State aid. It therefore remained valid and covered the bond issues.
Portuguese: Efectivamente, à data da emissão referida pelas autoridades francesas, a garantia de que a La Poste beneficiava era classificada como um auxílio existente, portanto era válida e abrangia as emissões.
English: In the case of an unlimited guarantee, which may potentially cover all the undertakings debts for an unlimited period, it is impossible to determine in advance the amount of aid granted at the time the guarantee is given, and therefore impossible to calculate an appropriate market premium . This makes the transfer mechanism proposed by the French authorities inapplicable.
Portuguese: Ora, no caso de uma garantia ilimitada, que pode abranger potencialmente todas as dívidas da empresa e por um período indeterminado, é impossível determinar antecipadamente o montante do auxílio concedido aquando da atribuição da garantia e, portanto, calcular um prémio de mercado adequado , o que torna inaplicável o mecanismo de restituição proposto pelas autoridades francesas.
Romanian: Însă, în cazul unei garanții nelimitate, care poate acoperi parțial toate datoriile întreprinderii și pentru o perioadă nedeterminată, este imposibil să se stabilească dinainte cuantumul ajutorului în momentul acordării garanției și, prin urmare, o primă de piață corespunzătoare , ceea ce face imposibilă aplicarea mecanismului de retrocedare propus de autoritățile franceze.
English: The French authorities conclude that the procedure introduced by the Law of 16 July 1980 fulfils the equivalence and publicity criteria set by the Commission, which are sufficient to rule out the existence of an advantage. They take the view that there is therefore no justification for subjecting La Poste directly to the procedure under ordinary law, which is cumbersome and complex.
Romanian: Autoritățile franceze constată că procedura instituită prin legea din 16 iulie 1980 respectă criteriile de echivalență și de publicitate invocate de Comisie, care sunt suficiente pentru a înlătura existența unui avantaj și, prin urmare, apreciază că supunerea întreprinderii La Poste direct procedurii greoaie și complicate de drept comun nu este justificată.
English: According to the French authorities, nothing in point 2.1.3 of the Commission’s 2000 Guarantees Notice indicates that the Commission considers that the fact that the legal form of an enterprise excludes the possibility of bankruptcy proceedings necessarily leads to the enterprise enjoying more favourable funding terms. (71) Moreover, the French authorities take the view that La Poste falls outside the scope of point 2.1.3 of the Commission’s 2000 Guarantees Notice because the notice addresses the case where the legal form excludes all bankruptcy and insolvency proceedings, not a specific procedure.
Swedish: Dessutom anser de franska myndigheterna att La Poste inte omfattas av punkt 2.1.3 i kommissionens tillkännagivande 2000 om statligt stöd i form av garantier, eftersom denna punkt syftar på fall där den rättsliga ställningen utesluter alla former av konkurs- eller insolvensförfaranden och inte ett visst förfarande.
Romanian: Pe de altă parte, autoritățile franceze estimează că La Poste nu se încadrează în sfera de aplicare a punctului 2.1.3 din Comunicarea din 2000 a Comisiei privind ajutoarele de stat sub formă de garanții întrucât aceasta din urmă se referă la situația în care statutul juridic exclude orice procedură de faliment sau de insolvabilitate și nu o procedură anume.
English: Lastly, relying on a quotation from Standard and Poor’s, the French authorities argue that it is not the change in legal form but an opening-up of the capital that would lead Standard and Poor’s to adopt a bottom-up methodology for La Poste. They add that, given the expected improvement in La Poste’s fundamentals, such a change in methodology would not necessarily be reflected in a change in rating.
Romanian: În cele din urmă, pe baza unei afirmații a Standard and Poor’s, autoritățile franceze susțin că nu modificarea statutului, ci o deschidere a capitalului ar determina Standard and Poor’s să adopte o metodă bottom up (ascendentă) pentru La Poste, adăugând că o astfel de schimbare a metodei nu ar presupune neapărat o modificare a ratingului, luând în considerare consolidarea preconizată a La Poste.
English: The French authorities challenge that reasoning. According to them, the exception of accepted risk is a general principle of public law that has been confirmed by case law on many occasions, never contradicted and widely commented.
Romanian: Autoritățile franceze contestă acest raționament, considerând că excepția riscului acceptat constituie un principiu general de drept public care este din plin confirmat de jurisprudență, niciodată contrazis și comentat pe larg.
English: This legal entity then constitutes the universal successor in title. It therefore seems only right to refuse it the right to exercise an option’.
Romanian: Așadar, ea constituie donatarul universal al succesiunii și, prin urmare, pare normal să i se refuze dreptul de opțiune”.
English: The same applies to the creation of publicly owned establishments and to some shareholdings in public limited companies’. Here the French authorities themselves point out that the setting up of a publicly owned establishment entails an implied guarantee given by the State to the establishment’s creditors.
Slovak: Rovnako je tomu aj v prípade zriadenia verejných inštitúcií a určitých účastí v akciových spoločnostiach.“ Samotné francúzske orgány pripomínajú, že zriadenie verejnej inštitúcie predpokladá implicitnú záruku štátu v prospech tejto inštitúcie.
Slovenian: Enako velja za ustanovitev oseb javnega prava in nekatere deleže v delniških družbah.“ Tako francoski organi sami opozarjajo, da ustanovitev osebe javnega prava vključuje implicitno državno poroštvo v korist upnikov te osebe javnega prava.
English: Article 1871-1 provides as follows: ‘Unless another form of organisation has been provided for, the relations between partners are governed, to the extent reasonable, either by the rules applying to sociétés civiles, if the partnership is of a civil character, or, if the partnership is of a commercial character, by the rules applicable to sociétés en nom collectif’. It has been explained above that both of these forms of partnership are legal persons whose members have unlimited liability for their debts.
Slovak: Článok 1871-1 Občianskeho zákonníka ustanovuje tento mechanizmus: „Pokiaľ nebola stanovená iná organizácia, vzťahy medzi spoločníkmi sa riadia, pokiaľ je to primerané, buď ustanoveniami uplatniteľnými na spoločnosti podľa občianskeho práva, ak má spoločnosť občiansky charakter, alebo ustanoveniami uplatniteľnými na verejné obchodné spoločnosti, ak má spoločnosť obchodný charakter.“ Okrem toho sa už v texte spresnilo, že spoločnosti podľa občianskeho práva a verejné obchodné spoločnosti sú súčasťou právnických osôb, ktorých členovia neobmedzene ručia za dlhy.
Slovenian: Člen 1871-1 civilnega zakonika določa naslednji mehanizem: „Razen če ni bila predvidena drugačna organizacija, so razmerja med družbeniki, če je to razumno, urejena bodisi z določbami, ki se uporabljajo za družbe po civilnem pravu, če je družba civilne narave, bodisi z določbami, ki se uporabljajo za družbe z neomejeno odgovornostjo, če je družba komercialne narave.“ Zgoraj pa je bilo pojasnjeno, da so družbe po civilnem pravu in družbe z neomejeno odgovornostjo del pravnih oseb, katerih člani neomejeno odgovarjajo za dolgove.
English: The first case is one where ‘by reason of requirements of the public interest, the prefect legitimately refuses to take certain measures with a view to ensuring that the judgment is enforced in full’. This is a classic case of inaction on the part of public administration motivated by the public interest, and in such a case the public administration may be liable for breach of equality before public burdens.
Slovak: Podľa prvého predpokladu „vzhľadom na požiadavky všeobecného záujmu mohol prefekt zo zákona odmietnuť prijať určité opatrenia, aby zabezpečil úplný výkon súdneho rozhodnutia.“ Stretávame sa tu s klasickým prípadom zrieknutia sa výkonu právomoci zo strany správneho orgánu odôvodneného všeobecným záujmom, ktorým sa zakladá vznik zodpovednosti pre narušenie rovnosti pred vecnými bremenami.
English: But equity demands that after so many years the two applicant companies should be compensated […] it turns the State into a forced insurer of the damage caused by the incompetence [of the municipality]’. The Commission’s expert observes that the correct term is not ‘forced insurer’ but rather ‘forced guarantor’.
Slovak: Samozrejme, spravodlivosť vyžaduje, aby obe žalujúce spoločnosti boli po toľkých rokoch odškodnené“, „premieňa štát na povinného poistiteľa zodpovedajúceho za škodlivé dôsledky uvedenej neschopnosti [neschopnosti obce].“ Podľa experta Komisie nie je primeraným výrazom „poisťovateľ“, ale skôr „povinný ručiteľ“.
Slovenian: Res je, da pravičnost zahteva, da se tožečima družbama po toliko letih povrne škoda.“„Državo spremeni v zavezanega zavarovalca škodljivih posledic navedene nesposobnosti [občine].“ Po mnenju izvedenke Komisije ustrezen izraz ni „zavarovalec“, ampak „zavezani porok“.
English: in the second scenario, the strict liability scheme can be invoked if, having regard to the situation of the local or regional authority, and in particular to an insufficiency in its assets, […] the prefect legitimately refuses to take certain measures with a view to ensuring that the judgment is enforced in full, the State as holder of public authority may be liable for any injury caused to a creditor of the local or regional authority if the injury is of an abnormal and specific kind. As indicated above, the operative event giving rise to the liability is nothing but the financial situation of the debtor authority.
Slovak: Za druhého predpokladu sa systému zodpovednosti bez zavinenia možno dovolávať „za predpokladu, že vzhľadom na situáciu samosprávy, a najmä na nedostatok jej aktív, … mohol prefekt podľa zákona odmietnuť prijať určité opatrenia, aby zabezpečil úplný výkonu súdneho rozhodnutia, môže škoda, ktorá tým bola spôsobená veriteľovi územnej samosprávy, ak je neobvyklej a osobitnej povahy, založiť vznik zodpovednosti verejnej moci.“ Ako sa už uviedlo, právnou skutočnosťou zakladajúcou zodpovednosť je iba finančná situácia subjektu, ktorý je dlžníkom.
English: On 4 October 2006, the day the Commission recommended that France terminate the unlimited guarantee enjoyed by La Poste as a legal entity governed by public law, the rating agency Fitch lowered its rating (from AAA stable to AAA negative) on the grounds that ‘the European Commission’s recommendation’ had to be interpreted as ‘the first tangible sign of pressure on La Poste’s legal status and, therefore, on its rating’. The rating downgrade, and the justification given by Fitch, illustrates the link between the legal status and the guarantee enjoyed by La Poste on the one hand and the rating by Fitch on the other.
Slovak: Dňa 4. októbra 2006, keď Komisia odporučila Francúzsku, aby zrušilo neobmedzenú záruku, ktorú poskytlo podniku La Poste ako právnickej osobe verejného práva, ratingová agentúra Fitch znížila svoje ratingové hodnotenie (z úrovne AAA so stabilným výhľadom na úroveň AAA s negatívnym výhľadom) s odôvodnením, že treba vykladať „odporúčanie Európskej komisie ako prvú hmatateľnú známku tlaku na právne postavenie podniku La Poste, a teda na jeho ratingové známky.“ Toto zníženie ratingu, ako aj jeho odôvodnenie agentúrou Fitch, vysvetľuje jednak spojenie medzi právnym postavením a zárukou, ktorú získal podnik La Poste, a jednak ratingom, ktorý mu udelila agentúra Fitch.
English: Judgment of 24 February 2004, winding up Les Houillères de bassin du centre et du Midi (Official Journal of the French Republic of 28 February 2004): transfer of the activities, assets, rights and obligations to Charbonnage de France.Order No 59-80 of 7 January 1959, reorganising the tobacco and matches tax monopolies: creation of the publicly owned establishment SEITA, with allocation of funds.Decree No 65-116 of 17 December 1965 concerning the unification of the Régie autonome des pétroles and the Bureau de recherches du pétrole: ‘all the assets, rights and obligations of the Régie autonome des pétroles and of the Bureau de recherches de pétrole shall be transferred ipso jure to the Entreprise de recherches et d’activités pétrolières’. Article 2 of Decree No 67-796 relating to the unification of the Mines domaniales de potasse d’Alsace and the Office national industriel de l’Azote: ‘all the assets, rights and obligations of the Mines domaniales de potasse d’Alsace and the Office national industriel de l’azote shall be transferreed ipso jure to the Entreprise minière et chimique’. Decree No 68-369 of 16 April 1968, merging the Houillères du bassin du centre et du midi: ‘all the assets, rights and obligations of the abolished Houillères du bassin shall be transferred ipso jure to the Houillères du bassin du centre et du midi’. Decree No 69-69 of 24 January 1969 relating to the transfer of the ORTF: ‘as from 1 January 1969, the movable and immovable assets, rights and obligations of the Office de coopération radiophonique shall be transferred to the ORTF’.
Slovak: Rozsudok z 24. februára 2004 o zrušení kamenno-uhoľných baní Houillères de bassin du centre et du Midi (Úradný vestník Francúzskej republiky z 28. februára 2004): prevod činností, majetku, práv a povinností na Charbonnage de France.Nariadenie č. 59-80 zo 7. januára 1959 o reorganizácii daňových tabakových a zápalkových monopolov: zriadenie verejnej inštitúcie SEITA s dotáciou.Vyhláška č. 65-116 zo 17. decembra 1965 o zoskupení Régie autonome des pétroles a Bureau de recherches du pétrole:„všetok majetok, všetky práva a povinnosti Régie autonome des pétroles a Bureau de recherches de pétrole sa automaticky prevádzajú na Entreprise de recherches et d’activités pétrolières.“Vyhláška č. 67-796 o zoskupení Mines domaniales de potasse d’Alsace a Office national industriel de l’Azote, článok 2: „všetok majetok, práva a povinnosti zoskupenia Mines domaniales de potasse d’Alsace a Office national industriel de l’azote sa automaticky prevádza na podnik Entreprise minière et chimique.“Vyhláška č. 68-369 zo 16. apríla 1968 o zlúčení Houillères du bassin du centre et du midi:„všetok majetok, všetky práva a povinnosti takto zrušených kamenno-uhoľných baní sa automaticky prevádzajú na Houillères du bassin du centre et du midi.“Vyhláška č. 69-69 z 24. januára 1969 o prevode ORTF: „od 1. januára 1969 sa hnuteľný a nehnuteľný majetok, práva a povinnosti Office de coopération radiophonique prevádzajú na ORTF“.