FrancophonIA/DGT-Translation_Memory huggingface dataset:
English: The indirect and direct determination of 14CO2 (section 1.8.9.4 and Appendix 3) can only be used to measure the extent of mineralisation of the test substance to CO2. Radiochromatography (RAD-TLC) or HPLC may be used to analyse the concentrations of 14C-labelled test substance and the formation of major transformation products (third paragraph in section 1.8.9.4).
Maltese: L-għarfien indirett u dirett tas–14CO2 (sezzjoni 1.8.9.4 u Anness 3) jista’ jintuża biss biex ikejjel sa fejn saret il-mineralizzazzjoni tas-sustanza tat-test f’CO2Ir-radjokromatografija (RAD-TLC) jew il-HPLC jistgħu jintużaw biex janalizzaw il-konċentrazzjonijiet tas-sustanza tat-test imsemmija 14C u l-iffurmar ta’ prodotti tat-trasformazzjoni maġġuri (t-tielet paragrafu fis-sezzjoni 1.8.9.4).
English: To enable a direct estimation of the half-life, it is necessary that no major transformation products (defined as ≥ 10 % of the applied amount of test substance) be present. If major transformation products as defined here are present, a detailed evaluation of the data is required. This may include repeated testing and/or identification of the transformation products (see first paragraph in section 1.8.9.5) unless the fate of the transformation products can be reasonably assessed by use of experience (e.g. information on degradation pathway).
Maltese: Biex tkun tista’ ssir stima diretta tan-nofs ħajja, jeħtieġ li ma jkun hemm l-ebda prodotti tat-trasformazzjoni maġġuri (mfissra bħala ≥ 10 % tal-ammont applikat tas-sustanza tat-testJekk ikun hemm prodotti tat-trasformazzjoni maġġuri kif imfissra hawnhekk, jeħtieġ li jkun hemm evalwazzjoni dettaljata tad-dataDin tista’ tinkludi testjar imtenni u/jew identifikazzjoni tal-prodotti ta’ trasformazzjoni (ara l-ewwel paragrafu fis-sezzjoni 1.8.9.5) sakemm id-destin tal-prodotti ta’ trasformazzjoni ma jistax ikun evalwat sew mill-esperjenza (eż. informazzjoni dwar ir-rotot tad-diżintegrazzjoni).
English: As the proportion of test substance carbon converted to CO2 varies (depending largely on the concentration of test substance and other substrates available, the test conditions and the microbial community), this test does not allow a straightforward estimation of ultimate biodegradation as in a DOC die-away test; but the result is similar to that obtained with a respirometric test. The degree of mineralisation will thus be less than or equal to the minimum level of ultimate biodegradation.
Maltese: Peress li l-proporzjon tal-karbonju tas-sustanza tat-test mibdul f’CO2 ivarja (l-aktar skont il-konċentrazzjoni tas-sustanza tat-test u sottostrati oħra li jkun hemm, il-kundizzjonijiet tat-test u l-komunità tal-mikroorganiżmi), dan it-test ma jagħtix lok biex issir stima faċli tal-bijodegradazzjoni finali bħal f'test dgħajjef DOC; iżda r-riżultat huwa simili għal dak miksub permezz ta' test respirometriku.
English: information on the method(s) used for establishing sterile controls (e.g. temperature, time and number of autoclavings), incubation temperature,
Maltese: informazzjoni dwar il-metodu(i) użat(i) biex ikunu stabbiliti l-kontrolli li ma fihomx mikroorganiżmi (eż. it-temperatura, il-ħin u n-numru ta’ sterilizzazzjonijiet bi stim ta’ pressjoni għolja),
English: Simkins, S. and Alexander, M. (1984). Models for mineralisation kinetics with the variables of substrate concentration and population density. Appl. Environ.
Maltese: Simkins, S. u Alexander, M. (1984).
English: Shake flask batch test with surface water or surface water/sediment suspensions.
Maltese: Ħawwad il-flixkun tal-grupp tat-test li fih l-ilma tal-wiċċ jew l-ilma tal-wiċċ/naqal miżmum x’imkien bejn il-qiegħ u l-wiċċ.
English: Solid Liquid
Dutch: Aanbevolen bereik
English: Problems may be encountered with non-powder solids but these can sometimes be solved by heating the cooling jacket. The apparatus is sealed at the flange and the substance degassed.
Dutch: Indien vaste stoffen niet als poeder beschikbaar zijn, kunnen er problemen ontstaan, maar deze kunnen soms worden opgelost door de koelwatermantel te verwarmen.
English: Harvell, J.D., Lammintausta, K., Maibach H.I. (1995) Irritant contact dermatitis IN: Guin J.D.
Dutch: Harvell, J.D., Lamminstausta, K, Maibach H.I. (1995) Irritant contact dermatitis IN: Guin J.D.
English: DEFINITIONS The following definitions and abbreviations are used for the purposes of this Testing Method:
Dutch: DEFINITIES
Swedish: DEFINITIONER
English: Also in this test, surrogates for biomass, such as cell counts, fluorescence, etc. are typically measured and the use of the term ‘biomass’ thus refers to these surrogate measures as well. Coefficient of variation: is a dimensionless measure of the variability of a parameter, defined as the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean.
Dutch: Biomassa: het drooggewicht van het levende materiaal in een populatie per volume-eenheid, bv. mg algen/liter testoplossing.
English: This can also be expressed as a percentage value. The mean coefficient of variation of average specific growth rate in replicate control cultures should be calculated as follows:
Dutch: Meestal wordt „biomassa” als massa gedefinieerd, maar in de context van deze test wordt de eenheid massa per volume gebruikt.
English: Calculate % CV of average specific growth rate out of the daily/section-by-section growth rates for the respective replicate. 2. Calculate the mean value of all the values calculated in point 1 to get the mean coefficient of variation of the daily/section-by-section specific growth rate in replicate control cultures.
Dutch: Bovendien wordt de biomassa bij deze test meestal gemeten in vervangende eenheden, zoals aantal cellen of fluorescentie, en ook deze eenheden kunnen bij gebruik van de term „biomassa” worden bedoeld.
English: Optionally, the solubility of especially poorly water-soluble test substances may be established by use of the natural waters being tested. The method can be used for simulating biodegradation in surface water free of coarse particles (pelagic test) or in turbid surface water which, e.g. might exist near a water/sediment interface (suspended sediment test).
Dutch: De methode kan worden gebruikt voor het simuleren van de biologische afbraak in oppervlaktewater dat vrij is van grove deeltjes („pelagische test”) of in troebel oppervlaktewater dat bv. afkomstig kan zijn van een water/sediment-grensvlak („gesuspendeerd-sedimenttest”).
English: The test is performed in batch by incubating the test substance with either surface water only (pelagic test) or surface water amended with suspended solids/sediment of 0,01 to 1 g/L dry weight (suspended sediment test) to simulate a water body with suspended solids or re-suspended sediment. The suspended solids/sediment concentration in the lower range of this interval is typical for most surface waters.
Portuguese: O ensaio é realizado em modo descontínuo, incubando a substância em estudo apenas com água de superfície (ensaio pelágico) ou com água de superfície com sólidos/sedimentos em suspensão numa concentração entre 0,01 e 1 g/l de peso seco (ensaio com sedimento em suspensão), para simular uma massa de água com sólidos em suspensão ou com sedimentos re-suspendidos.
Dutch: De test wordt ladingsgewijs uitgevoerd door de teststof te incuberen met hetzij alleen oppervlaktewater („pelagische test”) of oppervlaktewater dat is aangevuld met 0,01 g drooggewicht/l gesuspendeerde vaste stof/sediment („gesuspendeerd-sedimenttest”) ter simulatie van een waterlichaam met gesuspendeerde vaste stof of geresuspendeerd sediment.
English: In this test, surrogates for biomass, such as frond counts or frond area, are typically measured and the use of the term ‘biomass’ thus refers to these surrogate measures as well. Chlorosis: is the yellowing of frond tissue.
Dutch: Bij deze test worden meestal vervangende eenheden voor biomassa gemeten, zoals aantal schijfjes of schijfoppervlak, en ook deze eenheden kunnen bij gebruik van de term „biomassa” worden bedoeld.
English: Flow-through: is a test in which the test solutions are replaced continuously. Frond: is an individual/single ‘leaf-like’ structure of a duckweed plant.
Dutch: Groei: een toename van de meetvariabele, bv. aantal schijfjes, drooggewicht, natgewicht of schijfoppervlak, gedurende de testperiode.
English: It is the smallest unit, i.e. individual, capable of reproduction. Gibbosity: means fronds exhibiting a humped or swollen appearance.
Dutch: Groeisnelheid (gemiddelde specifieke groeisnelheid): de logaritmische toename van de biomassa gedurende de blootstellingsperiode.
English: & Botham, P. (2001).
Polish: & Botham, P. (2001).
English: ECVAM Skin Irritation Validation Study Phase II: Analysis of the Primary Endpoint MTT and the Secondary Endpoint IL1-α.
Portuguese: ECVAM Skin Irritation Validation Study Phase II: Analysis of the Primary Endpoint MTT and the Secondary Endpoint IL1-α.
Polish: ECVAM Skin Irritation Validation Study Phase II: Analysis of the Primary Endpoint MTT and the Secondary Endpoint IL1-α.
English: Grandidier, D. Lelièvre, R. Roguet, E. Tinois-Tessonneaud, J. Leclaire (2007).
Polish: Grandidier, D. Lelièvre, R. Roguet, E. Tinois-Tessonneaud, J. Leclaire (2007).
English: However, if it is extreme, or an ECx value for low x is to be calculated, special procedures may be needed. Deletion of stimulatory responses from the data analysis should be avoided if possible, and if available curve fitting software cannot accept minor stimulation, linear interpolation with bootstrapping can be used.
Polish: Jednakże, jeśli jest ona skrajna lub ma być obliczona wartość ECx dla małego x, to mogą być wymagane specjalne procedury.
English: Standard Guide for Conducting Static Toxicity Test With Lemna gibba G3.
Polish: Standard Guide for Conducting Static Toxicity Test With Lemna gibba G3.
English: R&D Technical Report EMA 003.
Polish: R&D Technical Report EMA 003.
English: L., Billeck B. N. and Baron C. L. (1989).
Swedish: L., Billeck B. N. och Baron C. L. (1989).
Polish: L., Billeck B. N. and Baron C. L. (1989).
Slovenian: L., Billeck B. N. in Baron C. L. (1989).
English: L Cat.
Portuguese: Metacrilato de butilo
English: 5271-27-2 3,3 S Cat.
Portuguese: 1-Metil-3-fenil-1-piperazina
English: Guidance Document on Statistical Analysis of Ecotoxicity Data.
Portuguese: Guidance Document on Statistical Analysis of Ecotoxicity Data
English: Compared to the total mass of biodegradable carbon substrates available in the natural water used for the test, the test substance present at low concentration will serve as a secondary substrate. This implies that the anticipated biodegradation kinetics is first order (‘non-growth’ kinetics) and that the test substance may be degraded by ‘cometabolism’.
Portuguese: Por comparação com a massa total de substratos de carbono biodegradáveis disponíveis na água natural utilizada para o ensaio, a substância em estudo, presente a baixa concentração, servirá como substrato secundário, pelo que será de esperar uma cinética de biodegradação de primeira ordem (cinética de «não crescimento») com a substância em estudo a ser degradada por «co-metabolismo».
English: Deviations from first order kinetics may e.g. be observed if mass transfer phenomena such as the diffusion rate, rather than the biological reaction rate, is limiting the rate of biotransformation. However, the data can nearly always be described by pseudo first order kinetics accepting a concentration dependent rate constant.
Portuguese: Podem observar-se desvios em relação a uma cinética de primeira ordem, por exemplo, no caso em que certos fenómenos de transferência de massa como a taxa de difusão, e não a taxa da reacção biológica, são o factor limitante da biotransformação No entanto, os dados quase sempre podem ser descritos por uma cinética de pseudo primeira ordem, com uma taxa constante dependente da concentração.
English: Incubation should take place in the dark (preferred) or in diffuse light at a controlled (± 2 °C) temperature, which may be the field temperature or a standard temperature of 20-25 °C. Field temperature may be either the actual temperature of the sample at the sampling time or an average field temperature at the sampling site.
Portuguese: A incubação deve ser feita em local escuro (de preferência) ou com luz difusa e a temperatura controlada (± 2 °C), que poderá ser a temperatura de campo ou uma temperatura normalizada de 20-25o C. A temperatura de campo pode ser entendida como a temperatura real da amostra no momento da colheita ou como a temperatura média no local da recolha.
English: Sampling may be performed by withdrawal of sub-samples (e.g. 5 ml aliquots) from each replicate or by harvest of whole flasks at each sampling time. The mineralisation of the test substance may either be determined indirectly or directly (see Appendix 3).
Portuguese: Normalmente, uma estimativa fiável da constante de degradação exige, no mínimo, 5 pontos de amostragem durante a fase de degradação (ou seja, após o final da fase de latência), a não ser quando se possa provar que três pontos são suficientes para as substâncias de degradação rápida.
English: Usually, a minimum of five sampling points are required during the degradation phase (i.e. after ended lag phase) in order to estimate a reliable rate constant, unless it can be justified that three sampling points are sufficient for rapidly degradable substances. For substances that are not rapidly degraded more measurements during the degradation phase can easily be made and, therefore, more data points should be used for the estimation of k. No fixed time schedule for sampling can be stated, as the rate of biodegradation varies; however the recommendation is to sample once a week if degradation is slow.
Portuguese: Quanto às substâncias que não são rapidamente degradadas, a obtenção de mais pontos durante a fase de degradação não deve constituir nenhuma dificuldade, pelo que se deverão utilizar mais pontos de amostragem para a estimativa de k.. Não é possível indicar nenhum calendário fixo de amostragem, dada a variação das taxas de biodegradação; no entanto a recomendação, nos casos em que a degradação seja lenta, é que se efectuem amostras uma vez por semana.
English: An additional response variable used in this Testing Method is yield, which may be needed to fulfil specific regulatory requirements in some countries. It is defined as the measurement variables at the end of the exposure period minus the measurement variables at the start of the exposure period.
Portuguese: Outra variável de resposta utilizada no presente método de ensaio é o rendimento, que pode ser necessário para dar cumprimento a exigências regulamentares específicas de alguns países.
English: VALIDITY OF THE TEST For the test to be valid, the doubling time of frond number in the control must be less than 2,5 days (60 h), corresponding to approximately a seven-fold increase in seven days and an average specific growth rate of 0,275 d–1. Using the media and test conditions described in this Testing Method, this criterion can be attained using a static test regime (8). It is also anticipated that this criterion will be achievable under semi-static and flow-through test conditions.
Portuguese: VALIDADE DO ENSAIO
English: All equipment in contact with the test media should be made of glass or other chemically inert material. Glassware used for culturing and testing purposes should be cleaned of chemical contaminants that might leach into the test medium and should be sterile.
Portuguese: Todos os equipamentos que entrem em contacto com as soluções de ensaio devem ser totalmente construídos em vidro ou noutro material quimicamente inerte O material de vidro utilizado para as culturas e ensaios deve ser limpo de todos os contaminantes químicos que possam lixiviar para o meio de ensaio e esterilizado.
English: To reduce the frequency of culture maintenance (e.g. when no Lemna tests are planned for a period), cultures can be held under reduced illumination and temperature (4-10 °C). Details of culturing are given in Appendix 2.
Portuguese: Para reduzir a frequência das transferências para conservação da cultura (p. ex.: durante os períodos em que não estejam previstos ensaios com Lemna) as culturas poderão ser conservadas em ambiente escuro e a baixa temperatura (4-10 °C).
English: Examples of QC batch release criteria Lower acceptance limit
Romanian: Exemple de criterii pentru controlul calității lotului
English: This corresponds to a specific growth rate of 0,92 day–1. For the most frequently used species, the growth rate is usually substantially higher (see Appendix 1).
Romanian: Acest lucru corespunde unei viteze specifice de creștere de 0,92 zi–1.
English: The mean coefficient of variation for section-by-section specific growth rates (days 0-1, 1-2 and 2-3, for 72-hour tests) in the control cultures (see section 1.2 under ‘coefficient of variation’) must not exceed 35 %. See the second paragraph in section 2.2.1 for the calculation of section-by-section specific growth rate. This criterion applies to the mean value of coefficients of variation calculated for replicate control cultures.
Romanian: Coeficientul mediu de variație pentru vitezele specifice de creștere pe secțiuni (zilele 0-1, 1-2 și 2-3 pentru testele de 72 ore) în culturile de control (a se vedea „coeficient de variație”, punctul 1.2) nu trebuie să depășească 35 %.
English: Apparatus Test vessels and other apparatus, which will come into contact with the test solutions should be made entirely of glass or other chemically inert material. The items should be thoroughly washed to ensure that no organic or inorganic contaminants may interfere with the algal growth or composition of the test solutions.
Romanian: DESCRIEREA METODEI
English: Note that the liquid volume must be sufficient for analytical determinations (see the fifth paragraph in section 1.8.11). In addition, some or all of the following equipment will be required:
Romanian: Vasele de testare vor fi recipiente normale din sticlă de dimensiuni cuprinzând un volum suficient de cultură pentru măsurătorile din cursul testului și permițând un transfer suficient de masă de CO2 din atmosferă (a se vedea punctul 1.8.9 al doilea paragraf).
English: If it is known that an aquatic environment has been contaminated with the test substance or its structural analogues within the previous four years, it should not be used for the collection of test water, unless investigation of degradation rates in previously exposed sites is the express purpose of the investigator. The pH and temperature of the water should be measured at the site of collection.
Romanian: Dacă se cunoaște că un mediu acvatic a fost contaminat cu substanță de testat sau cu produși de natură analogă pe parcursul ultimilor 4 ani, acesta nu va fi folosit pentru prelevarea de apă, cu excepția cazului în care obiectivul expres al experimentatorului este cercetarea ratelor de degradare ale locurilor expuse anterior. pH-ul și temperatura apei se măsoară la locul de prelevare.
English: If the means of the results from the flasks with test substance (FT) and the sterile flasks (FS) deviate by less than 10 %, it can be assumed that the degradation observed is predominantly abiotic. If the degradation in flasks FS is lower, the figures may be used to correct those obtained with flasks FT (by subtraction) in order to estimate the extent of biodegradation.
Slovak: Stanovte dĺžku lag fázy tL z degradačnej krivky (semilogaritmický graf) extrapoláciou jej lineárnej časti na nulovú degradáciu alebo alternatívne stanovením času pre približne 10 % degradáciu (pozri obrázky 1a a 1b).
Romanian: Durata tL a fazei de latență se estimează din curba degradării (grafic semilogaritmic) prin extrapolarea porțiunii sale lineare la degradare zero sau, alternativ, prin determinarea timpului pentru o degradare de aproximativ 10 % (figurile 1a și 1b).
English: When optional analyses are performed for major transformation products, plots of their formation and decline should be provided in addition to a plot of the decline of the test substance. Estimate the lag phase duration tL from the degradation curve (semi-logarithmic plot) by extrapolating its linear part to zero degradation or alternatively by determining the time for approximately 10 % degradation (see Figures 1a and 1b).
Romanian: Constanta vitezei de prim ordin k se estimează pe baza graficului semilogaritmic, iar eroarea sa standard se stabilește prin regresia lineară a ln (activitatea reziduală a 14C sau concentrația substanței testate) în funcție de timp.
English: From the semi-logarithmic plot, estimate the first order rate constant, k, and its standard error by linear regression of ln (residual 14C activity or test substance concentration) versus time. With 14C measurements in particular, use only data belonging to the initial linear part of the curve after the ended lag phase, and give preference to selecting few and representative data rather than selecting a greater number of more uncertain data.
Romanian: În ceea ce privește măsurătorile 14C, în special, se folosesc doar date care aparțin porțiunii lineare inițiale a curbei după terminarea fazei de latență și se preferă selectarea de date mai puține, dar mai reprezentative, în locul selectării unui număr mare de date incerte.
English: The temperature in the test vessels should be 24 ± 2 °C. The pH of the control medium should not increase by more than 1,5 units during the test.
Swedish: Temperaturen i provkärlen ska vara 24 ±2 °C. pH i kontrollmediet får inte öka mer än 1,5 under testets gång.
Slovak: Teplota v testovaných nádobách musí byť 24 °C ± 2 °C. pH kontrolného média sa nesmie zvýšiť počas testu o viac ako 1,5 jednotiek.
Romanian: Temperatura din vasele de testare trebuie să fie 24 ± 2 °C. pH-ul mediului de control nu trebuie să aibă o creștere mai mare de 1,5 unități în timpul testului.
English: 40 CFR, 796. (1993). pp 148-153, Office of the Federal Register, Washington DC.
Slovak: 40 CFR, 796 (1993), pp 148 – 153, Office of the Federal Register, Washington DC.
English: Cotovio, M.-H. Grandidier, D. Lelièvre, R. Roguet, E. Tinois-Tessonneaud, J. Leclaire (2007).
Slovak: Cotovio, M. – H. Grandidier, D. Lelièvre, R. Roguet, E. Tinois-Tessonneaud, J. Leclaire (2007).
English: is the biomass at time i; X j:
Slovak: je biomasa v čase j.
English: is the biomass at time j. For each treatment group and control group, calculate a mean value for growth rate along with variance estimates.
Slovak: Pre každú ošetrenú a kontrolnú skupinu vypočítajte strednú hodnotu pre rýchlosť rastu spolu s odhadmi variancie.
English: An appropriate value for x has not been established for this algal test. A range of 10 to 20 % appears to be appropriate (depending on the response variable chosen), and preferably both the EC10 and EC20 should be reported.
Slovak: Rozsah 10 % až 20 % sa zdá byť vhodný (v závislosti od zvolenej hodnoty reakcie) a prednostne sa musí zaznamenať EC10 a EC20.
English: Norberg-King T.J. (1988). An interpolation estimate for chronic toxicity: The ICp approach.
Slovak: Norberg-King T.J. (1988) An interpolation estimate for chronic toxicity: The ICp approach.
English: The maximum concentration of the test substance should not exceed 100 µg/L, but maximum test concentrations below 10 µg/L or less are preferred to ensure that the biodegradation follows first order kinetics. The lowest concentration should not exceed 10 µg/L, but lowest test concentrations of 1-2 μg/L or less than 1 μg/L are preferred.
Slovak: Najnižšia koncentrácia nesmie byť vyššia ako 10 µg/L, ale uprednostňujú sa najnižšie testované koncentrácie 1 – 2 μg/L alebo menej ako 1 μg/L.
English: Both of the selected concentrations should be less than 100 µg/L and preferably in the range of < 1-10 µg/L. Close the flasks with stoppers or lids impermeable to air and CO2.
Slovak: Uzavrite banky zátkami alebo uzávermi neprepúšťajúcimi vzduch a CO2.