FrancophonIA/DGT-Translation_Memory huggingface dataset:
English: This alters the equilibrium of the fluid in the U-tube. To compensate for this, nitrogen or air is admitted to the apparatus until the differential pressure indicator is at zero again.
French: Lorsque l'échantillon est chauffé avec le robinet à vide fermé, la pression de vapeur augmente, ce qui modifie l'équilibre du fluide dans le tube en U. On compense ce changement en injectant de l'azote ou de l'air dans l'appareil jusqu'à ce que le manomètre différentiel indique à nouveau zéro.
Spanish: Al calentar la muestra con la válvula cerrada aumenta la presión de vapor, lo que hace cambiar el equilibrio del líquido del tubo en U. Para compensar este fenómeno, hay que permitir la entrada de nitrógeno o aire en el aparato hasta que el indicador de presión diferencial del manómetro esté otra vez a cero.
Italian: Ciò altera l'equilibrio del fluido contenuto nel tubo a U. Per compensare questo effetto, si immette azoto o aria nell'apparecchio fino a che l'indicatore di pressione differenziale è nuovamente a zero.
Portuguese: Quando a amostra é aquecida com a válvula fechada, a pressão de vapor aumenta, o que altera o equilíbrio do fluido no tubo em U. Para compensar este fenómeno, permite-se a entrada de azoto ou de ar no aparelho até que o indicador de pressão diferencial marque novamente zero.
Slovak: Toto zmení rovnováhu kvapaliny v trubici v tvare U. Na kompenzovanie tohto javu sa do prístroja cez ventil vpúšťa dusík alebo vzduch dovtedy, kým sa diferenciálny indikátor tlaku opäť neustáli na nulovej hodnote.
Maltese: Dan jibdel l-ekwilibriju tal-likwidu fit-tubu U. Sabiex jagħmel tajjeb għal dan, nitroġenu jew arja jiddaħħal/tiddaħħal fit-tagħmir sakemm l-indikatur ta’ pressjoni differenzjali jerġa’ jiġi żero.
English: The pressure required for this can be read off the manometer or off an instrument of higher precision. This pressure corresponds to the vapour pressure of the substance at the temperature of the measurement.
Spanish: La presión necesaria para conseguir este efecto puede leerse en el manómetro o en un instrumento de precisión superior, y corresponde a la presión de vapor de la sustancia a esa temperatura concreta de medida.
English: Inert gas is passed, at room temperature and at a known flow rate, through or over a sample of the test substance, slowly enough to ensure saturation. Achieving saturation in the gas phase is of critical importance.
Spanish: Se hace pasar un gas inerte, a temperatura ambiente y con un caudal conocido, a través o por encima de una muestra de sustancia problema, con lentitud suficiente para garantizar la saturación, ya que es esencial conseguir la saturación en la fase gaseosa.
English: The partial pressure of the test substance, i.e. the vapour pressure, is calculated from the known total gas volume and from the weight of the material transported. The gas saturation procedure is applicable to solid or liquid substances.
Spanish: La presión parcial de la sustancia problema, es decir, la presión de vapor, se calcula a partir del volumen total de gas conocido y del peso del material transportado.
Italian: La pressione parziale della sostanza di prova, ossia la tensione di vapore, è ricavata dal volume complessivo noto del gas e dalla massa del materiale trasportato.
Dutch: De partiële druk van de teststof, met andere woorden de dampspanning, wordt berekend uit het bekende totale gasvolume en het gewicht van het getransporteerde materiaal.
English: The method is most reliable for vapour pressures below 103 Pa. Above 103 Pa, the vapour pressures are generally overestimated, probably due to aerosol formation.
Spanish: El método, no obstante, es más fiable para las presiones de vapor inferiores a 103 Pa, ya que, por encima de este valor, suele arrojar resultados superiores a los reales, probablemente a causa de la formación de aerosoles.
English: The compound on each section is desorbed by adding a solvent. The resulting solutions are analysed quantitatively to determine the weight desorbed from each section.
Spanish: Se procede a la desorción del compuesto en cada sección mediante la adición de un disolvente y se analizan cuantitativamente las soluciones resultantes para determinar el peso desorbido en cada una de ellas.
English: The measuring head is placed in a constant-temperature enclosure, regulated within 0,1 °C. The sample container is placed in a separate enclosure, also regulated within 0,1 °C.
Spanish: El cabezal de medida se coloca en un recinto termostatizado (regulado con una precisión de 0,1 °C) y el recipiente con la muestra se coloca en un recinto aparte, igualmente regulado con un margen de 0,1 °C.
English: DEFINITIONS Particle: An object with a length to width ratio of less than 3:1.
Spanish: DEFINICIONES
English: SDlnD
Spanish: DTlnD
Romanian: DSlnD
English: SElnD
Spanish: EElnD
Italian: ESlnD
English: Test Method B.40 BIS. IN VITRO SKIN CORROSION: HUMAN SKIN MODEL TEST.
French: Méthode d'essai B.40 BIS. CORROSION CUTANÉE IN VITRO: ESSAI SUR MODÈLE DE PEAU HUMAINE
Spanish: Método de ensayo B.40 bis. Corrosión cutánea in vitro: ensayo con modelo de piel humana.
Hungarian: IN VITRO BŐRKORRÓZIÓ: EMBERI BŐRMODELLEN VÉGZETT VIZSGÁLAT.
Slovenian: Test Method B.40 a, IN VITRO SKIN CORROSION: HUMAN SKIN MODEL TEST.
English: Fentem, J.H., Briggs, D., Chesné, C., Elliot, G.R., Harbell, J.W., Heylings, J.R., Portes, P., Roguet, R., van de Sandt, J.J.M. & Botham, P. (2001).
Spanish: Fentem, J.H., Briggs, D., Chesné, C., Elliot, G.R., Harbell, J.W., Heylings, J.R., Portes, P., Roguet, R., van de Sandt, J.J.M., & Botham, P. (2001).
Portuguese: Fentem, J. H., Briggs, D., Chesné, C., Elliot, G. R., Harbell, J. W., Heylings, J. R., Portes, P., Roguet, R., van de Sandt, J. J. M., Botham, P. (2001).
Dutch: Fentem, J.H., Briggs, D., Chesné, C., Elliot, G.R., Harbell, J.W., Heylings, J.R., Portes, P., Roguet, R., van de Sandt, J.J.M. en Botham, P. (2001).
English: Cotovio, J., Grandidier, M.-H., Portes, P., Roguet, R. & G. Rubinsteen. (2005).
Spanish: Cotovio, J., Grandidier, M.-H., Portes, P., Roguet, R., & G. Rubinsteen (2005).
Portuguese: Cotovió, J., Grandidier, M.-H., Portes, P., Roguet, R., G. Rubinsteen (2005).
Dutch: Cotovio, J., Grandidier, M.-H., Portes, P., Roguet, R. en Rubinsteen, G. (2005).
Romanian: Cotovio, J., Grandidier, M.-H., Portes, P., Roguet, R. & G. Rubinsteen (2005).
English: In vitro acute skin irritancy of chemicals using the validated EPISKIN model in a tiered strategy — Results and performances with 184 cosmetic ingredients, AATEX, Special Issue-proceedings from WC6. Vol.14, 351-358.
Spanish: In vitro acute skin irritancy of chemicals using the validated EPISKIN model in a tiered strategy — Results and performances with 184 cosmetic ingredients, AATEX, Special Issue-proceedings from WC6, vol. 14, 351-358.
Swedish: In vitro acute skin irritancy of chemicals using the validated EPISKIN model in a tiered strategy – Results and performances with 184 cosmetic ingredients, AATEX, Special Issue-proceedings from WC6. vol.14, 351–358.
English: Irritant contact dermatitis IN: Guin J.D.
Spanish: Irritant contact dermatitis IN: Guin, J.D. Practical Contact Dermatitis Mc Graw-Hill New York, pp.
Portuguese: Irritant contact dermatitis em: Guin J. D., Practical Contact Dermatitis, Mc Graw-Hill, New York, pp.
English: During the test it is necessary to keep the algae in suspension and to facilitate transfer of CO2. To this end, constant shaking or stirring should be used.
Spanish: Durante el ensayo es necesario mantener las algas en suspensión y facilitar el paso del CO2, por lo que debe efectuarse una agitación constante.
Swedish: För att hålla algerna i suspension under hela testet och för att säkra ett tillräckligt stort utbyte av CO2 måste kärlen hela tiden skakas eller innehållet röras om.
Finnish: Niitä on ravisteltava ja sekoitettava koko testin ajan, jotta levät pysyisivät suspendoituneina ja CO2:n siirtyminen liuoksiin helpottuisi.
English: X j: is the biomass at time j.
Spanish: X j
English: For each treatment group and control group, calculate a mean value for growth rate along with variance estimates. Calculate average specific growth rate over the entire test duration (normally days 0-3), using the nominally inoculated biomass as the starting value rather than a measured starting value, because in this way greater precision is normally obtained.
Spanish: es la biomasa en el tiempo j.
English: Statistical treatment of data from microbial toxicity tests.
Spanish: (1992). Statistical treatment of data from microbial toxicity tests.
Swedish: (1992). Statistical treatment of data from microbial toxicity tests.
English: For a batch experiment k is estimated from the initial part of the degradation curve obtained after the end of the lag phase. Half-life, t1/2 (d): Term used to characterise the rate of a first order reaction.
Spanish: En caso de experimento discontinuo, k se estima basándose en la parte inicial de la curva de degradación obtenida tras el final del tiempo de latencia.
English: It is the time interval that corresponds to a concentration decrease by a factor 2. The half-life and the degradation rate constant are related by the equation t1/2 = ln2/k.
Spanish: Vida media, t1/2 (d): el término utilizado para caracterizar la velocidad de una reacción de primer orden, consistente en el intervalo de tiempo que corresponde a una reducción de la concentración a la mitad.
English: Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ): The limit of detection (LOD) is the concentration of a substance below which the identity of the substance cannot be distinguished from analytical artefacts. The limit of quantification (LOQ) is the concentration of a substance below which the concentration cannot be determined with an acceptable accuracy.
Spanish: Límite de detección (LOD) y límite de cuantificación (LOC): el límite de detección (LOD) es la concentración de una sustancia por debajo de la cual no se puede distinguir la identidad de la sustancia de la de artefactos analíticos; el límite de cuantificación (LOC) es la concentración de una sustancia por debajo de la cual no puede determinarse dicha concentración con una exactitud aceptable.
English: Radiochemical determinations The evolved 14CO2 is measured indirectly and directly (see Appendix 3).
Spanish: Determinaciones radioquímicas
English: The 14CO2 is determined indirectly by the difference between the initial 14C activity in the test water or suspension and the total residual activity at the sampling time as measured after acidifying the sample to pH 2-3 and stripping off CO2. Inorganic carbon is thus removed and the residual activity measured derives from organic material.
Spanish: La cantidad de 14CO2 producida se mide directa e indirectamente (véase el apéndice 3).
English: If possible, the 14CO2 evolution should be measured directly (see Appendix 3) at each sampling time in at least one test flask; this procedure enables both the mass balance and biodegradation process to be checked, but it is restricted to tests conducted with closed flasks. If the evolved 14CO2 is measured directly during the test, more flasks should be set up for this purpose at the start of the test. Direct 14CO2 determination is recommended, if major volatile transformation products are formed during the transformation of the test substance.
Spanish: No debe efectuarse la determinación indirecta del 14CO2 si de la transformación de la sustancia problema se forman productos volátiles principalmente (véase el apéndice 3).
English: The choice of test vessels is not critical as long as these requirements are met. Glass beakers, crystallising dishes or glass petri dishes of appropriate dimensions have all proved suitable.
Spanish: Siempre que se respeten estas normas, no es fundamental el tipo de recipiente de ensayo: se ha visto que son adecuados tanto los vasos de precipitados como los cristalizadores o las placas Petri de vidrio de dimensiones adecuadas.
English: The cultures and test vessels should not be kept together. This is best achieved using separate environmental growth chambers, incubators, or rooms.
Spanish: No se tendrán juntos los cultivos y los recipientes de ensayo, y la mejor forma de conseguirlo es utilizar distintas cámaras, incubadoras o recintos de cultivo ambientales.
Italian: Le colture e i recipienti di prova non devono essere conservati insieme; è opportuno utilizzare camere di crescita ambientali, incubatori o stanze separati.
English: Steinberg Medium (12) is also acceptable as long as the validity criteria are met. A modification of the Swedish standard (SIS) Lemna growth medium is recommended for culturing and testing with L. minor. The composition of this medium is given in Appendix 3.
Spanish: También es aceptable el medio de Steinberg (12), siempre que se cumplan los criterios de validez.
English: An appropriate value for x has not been established for this Lemna test. However, a range of 10 to 20 % appears to be appropriate (depending on the response variable chosen), and preferably both the EC10 and EC20 should be reported.
Spanish: Sin embargo, parece que es apropiado el intervalo del 10 al 20 % (según la variable de respuesta elegida) y lo mejor es indicar tanto la EC10 como la EC20.
Slovak: Rozsah 10 % až 20 % sa však zdá byť vhodný (v závislosti od zvolenej hodnoty reakcie) a prednostne sa musí zaznamenať EC10 a EC20.
Hungarian: A jelen Lemna-vizsgálathoz egyelőre nem áll rendelkezésre alkalmas x érték, bár a 10 és 20 % közötti tartomány megfelelőnek látszik (a választott hatásváltozótól függően), és ajánlott mind az EC10, mind az EC20 értéket jegyzőkönyvbe foglalni.
Romanian: Un interval cuprins între 10-20 % pare a fi adecvat (în funcție de variabilele de răspuns alese) și se recomandă raportarea atât a EC10, cât și a EC20.
English: OECD TG 221 (2006) Lemna Sp.
French: OCDE LD 221 (2006) Lemna sp.
Spanish: OECD TG 221 (2006). Lemna Sp.
Italian: Linea guida TG 221 (2006) dell'OCSE.
Portuguese: OECD TG 221 (2006) Lemna spp.
Swedish: OECD TG 221 (2006). Lemna Sp.
Slovenian: OECD TG 221 (2006). Lemna Sp.
Romanian: OECD TG 221 (2006) Lemna Sp.
Estonian: OECD TG 221 (2006) Lemna Sp.
English: ASTM International. (2003).
Spanish: ASTM International (2003).
Swedish: ASTM International (2003).
English: USEPA — United States Environmental Protection Agency. (1996).
Spanish: USEPA — United States Environmental Protection Agency (1996).
Swedish: USEPA – United States Environmental Protection Agency (1996).
English: AFNOR — Association Française de Normalisation. (1996).
Spanish: AFNOR — Association Française de Normalisation (1996).
Swedish: AFNOR – Association Française de Normalisation (1996).
English: SSI — Swedish Standards Institute. (1995).
Spanish: SSI — Swedish Standards Institute (1995).
Swedish: SIS – Svenska standardiseringsinstitutet (1995).
Finnish: SIS – Svenska standardiseringsinstitutet (1995).
English: Environment Canada. (1999).
Spanish: Environment Canada (1999).
Portuguese: Environment Canada (1999).
Swedish: Environment Canada (1999).
English: Sims I., Whitehouse P., and Lacey R. (1999).
Spanish: Sims, I., Whitehouse, P., y Lacey, R. (1999).
Swedish: Sims I., Whitehouse P. och Lacey R. (1999).
Slovenian: Sims I., Whitehouse P., in Lacey R. (1999).
English: 1 bar
Finnish: 1 baari (bar)
Estonian: 1 baar
Lithuanian: 1 baras
English: The sample container is placed in a separate enclosure, also regulated within 0,1 °C. All other parts of the set-up are kept at a higher temperature to prevent condensation.
Finnish: Näytesäiliö asetetaan erilliseen koteloon (säätötarkkuus jälleen 0,1 °C), ja järjestelmän kaikkia muita osia pidetään lämmitettyinä tiivistymisen estämiseksi.
Estonian: Proovinõu paigutatakse 0,1 °C täpsusega termostateeritud eraldi kambrisse ning seadme kõiki ülejäänud osi hoitakse kondensatsiooni vältimiseks kõrgemal temperatuuril.
English: Westcott et al. (1981).
French: Westcott et al. (1981).
Italian: Westcott et al. (1981).
Slovak: Westcott et al. (1981).
Polish: Westcott et al. (1981).
Estonian: Westcott et al. (1981).
English: LWGMD – 2SE = e(mean lnD – 2SElnd )
Estonian: LWGMD – 2SE = e(keskmine lnD – 2SElnd)
English: Three validated in vitro Test Methods or Test Guidelines, B.40, B.40bis and TG 435 (4, 5, 6), are useful for the corrosivity part of the sequential testing strategy of B.4. This Test Method is based on reconstructed human epidermis models, which in their overall design (the use of human derived epidermis keratinocytes as cell source, representative tissue and cytoarchitecture) closely mimic the biochemical and physiological properties of the upper parts of the human skin, i.e. the epidermis.
Estonian: Käesolevas katsemeetodis on kasutatud rekonstrueeritud inimepidermise mudeleid, mis oma üldise ülesehituse poolest (rakkude allikana on nendes kasutatud inimepidermisest saadud keratinotsüüte, mudelil on epidermisesarnane kude ja rakuarhitektuur) jäljendavad nii oma biokeemiliste kui ka füsioloogiliste omaduste poolest inimnaha ülemisi kihte, s.t epidermist.
English: Alternative techniques, e.g. flow cytometry, in vitro or in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence (6)(7), or optical density can be used providing a satisfactory correlation with biomass can be demonstrated over the range of biomass occurring in the test. The pH of the solutions shall be measured at the beginning and at the end of the test.
Estonian: Võib kasutada ka alternatiivmeetodeid, nt läbivoolutsütomeetriat, klorofülli fluorestsentsi in vitro või in vivo (6, 7) või optilist tihedust, kui saab näidata, et katses esinevas biomassi vahemikus on asjaomaste parameetrite ja biomassi vahel rahuldav korrelatsioon.
English: However, the most stable part does not necessarily include the relevant functional moiety of the molecule (that can be related to a specific property such as toxicity, bioaccumulation, etc.). If this is the case, it may be appropriate to use a test substance, which is 14C-labelled, in the functional part in order to follow the elimination of the specific property.
Estonian: Kõige stabiilsem molekuliosa ei pruugi siiski sisaldada olulist funktsionaalosa, mida võib seostada aine teatava eriomadusega, nagu toksilisus, bioakumulatsioon jne. Selle eriomaduse kao jälgimiseks võib niisugusel juhul olla vaja kasutada 14C-märgistatud funktsionaalosaga uuritavat ainet.
English: LEMNA SP.
Swedish: BESTÄMNING AV TILLVÄXTHÄMNING HOS FLYTBLADSVÄXTEN LEMNA SP.
Finnish: LIMASKOJEN (LEMNA SP.)
Estonian: LEMLE LEMNA SP.
Lithuanian: LEMNA SPP.
English: GROWTH INHIBITION TEST
French: ESSAI D’INHIBITION DE LA CROISSANCE
Swedish: (ANDMAT)
Finnish: KASVUNESTYMISTESTI
Slovak: TEST INHIBÍCIE RASTU
Hungarian: NÖVEKEDÉSGÁTLÁSI VIZSGÁLATA
Estonian: KASVU PIDURDAMISE KATSE
Latvian: AUGŠANAS INHIBĒŠANAS TESTS
Lithuanian: AUGIMO INHIBAVIMO BANDYMAS
Maltese: TEST TAL-INIBIZZJONI TAT-TKABBIR
English: Test medium Different media are recommended for Lemna minor and Lemna gibba, as described below.
Estonian: Katsekeskkond
English: A randomised design for location of the test vessels in the incubator is required to minimise the influence of spatial differences in light intensity or temperature. A blocked design or random repositioning of the vessels when observations are made (or repositioning more frequently) is also required.
Estonian: Sel juhul lastakse kolooniatel katse jooksul vähemalt kahel korral (nt kolmandal ja viiendal katsepäeval) kokku puutuda värskelt valmistatud katselahusega ja kontroll-lahusega.
English: If a preliminary stability test shows that the test substance concentration cannot be maintained (i.e. the measured concentration falls below 80 % of the measured initial concentration) over the test duration (7 days), a semi-static test regime is recommended. In this case, the colonies should be exposed to freshly prepared test and control solutions on at least two occasions during the test (e.g. days 3 and 5). The frequency of exposure to fresh medium will depend on the stability of the test substance; a higher frequency may be needed to maintain near-constant concentrations of highly unstable or volatile substances.
Estonian: Kui sageli lastakse kultuuril puutuda kokku värske katsekeskkonnaga, see oleneb uuritava aine püsivusest; kui aine on väga ebastabiilne või lenduv, siis ligikaudu püsiva kontsentratsiooni hoidmiseks peab see sagedus olema suurem.
English: The vapour pressure is determined by measuring the boiling temperature of the substance at various specified pressures between roughly 103 and 105 Pa. This method is also recommended for the determination of the boiling temperature.
French: La pression de vapeur est déterminée par la mesure de la température d'ébullition de la substance à différentes pressions prédéfinies, comprises approximativement entre 103 et 105 Pa.
Italian: La tensione di vapore è determinata misurando la temperatura di ebollizione della sostanza a varie pressioni prestabilite comprese approssimativamente tra 103 e 105 Pa.
Finnish: Höyrynpaine määritetään mittaamalla aineen kiehumispiste useissa ennalta määrätyissä paineissa suunnilleen alueella 103–105 Pa.
English: When the sample is heated with the valve closed, the vapour pressure increases. This alters the equilibrium of the fluid in the U-tube.
Finnish: Kun näytettä kuumennetaan venttiilin ollessa suljettu, höyrynpaine kasvaa, mikä vaikuttaa U-putken nestepatsaan tasapainoon.
Romanian: Când eșantionul se încălzește cu ventilul închis, presiunea de vapori crește și modifică echilibrul fluidului din manometrul auxiliar.
English: Then the solid to be investigated is placed in the sample bulb and is degassed at an elevated temperature. After that, the isoteniscope is inclined so that the manometer liquid can flow into the U-tube.
Finnish: Näyte pannaan laajennukseen, ja sille tehdään kaasunpoisto korkeassa lämpötilassa, minkä jälkeen isoteniskooppia kallistetaan, kunnes manometrineste virtaa U-putkeen.
English: Note that the initial pH value and the buffering capacity (regulating pH increase) of the two media are different. Therefore the results of the tests may be different depending on the medium used, particularly when testing ionising substances.
Finnish: On syytä huomata, että näiden kahden viljelyaineen alkuperäinen pH-arvo ja puskurikapasiteetti (joka säätelee pH:n kasvua) ovat erilaisia, minkä vuoksi ne voivat antaa erilaisia tuloksia varsinkin, kun testataan ionisoivia aineita.
English: labelling of the most stable part of the molecule ensures the determination of the total mineralisation, while 14C labelling of a less stable part of the molecule, as well as the use of specific analysis, enable the assessment of only primary biodegradation. However, the most stable part does not necessarily include the relevant functional moiety of the molecule (that can be related to a specific property such as toxicity, bioaccumulation, etc.).
Finnish: TESTIAINETTA KOSKEVAT TIEDOT
English: INFORMATION ON THE TEST SUBSTANCE Both radiolabelled and non-labelled test substances can be used in this test.
Finnish: on suositeltava leima, ja sen pitäisi tavallisesti sijaita molekyylin stabiileimmassa osassa tai osissa (ks. myös kohta 1.4).
English: 14C-labelling technique is recommended and labelling should normally be in the most stable part(s) of the molecule (see also section 1.4). For substances containing more than one aromatic ring, one or more carbons in each ring should preferably be 14C-labelled.
Finnish: Jos on kyse aineista, joissa on useampi kuin yksi aromaattinen rengas, on suositeltavaa, että yksi tai useampi hiili kussakin renkaassa varustetaan 14C-leimalla.