FrancophonIA/DGT-Translation_Memory huggingface dataset:
English: Experience gained with this method and ring-test data have indicated that using three replicates per treatment, with each replicate containing 9 to 12 fronds initially, is sufficient to detect differences in growth of approximately 4 to 7 % of inhibition calculated by growth rate (10 to 15 % calculated by yield) between treatments (10). A randomised design for location of the test vessels in the incubator is required to minimise the influence of spatial differences in light intensity or temperature. A blocked design or random repositioning of the vessels when observations are made (or repositioning more frequently) is also required. If a preliminary stability test shows that the test substance concentration cannot be maintained (i.e. the measured concentration falls below 80 % of the measured initial concentration) over the test duration (7 days), a semi-static test regime is recommended.
Swedish: Om ett förberedande stabilitetstest visar att koncentrationen av testsubstansen inte kan upprätthållas under tiden för testets genomförande (7 dagar) – dvs. den uppmätta koncentrationen sjunker under 80 % av det uppmätta startvärdet – bör semistatiskt testförfarande användas.
Finnish: Jos alustava stabiiliustesti osoittaa, että testiaineen pitoisuutta ei voida pitää yllä testin ajan eli 7 päivää (toisin sanoen mitattu pitoisuus vähenee alle 80 prosenttiin mitatusta alkupitoisuudesta), on suositeltavaa käyttää semistaattista testijärjestelmää.
Hungarian: Ha az előzetesen elvégzett stabilitásvizsgálatok azt jelzik, hogy a vizsgált anyag koncentrációja a vizsgálat időtartama (7 nap) alatt nem tartható fenn (azaz a mért koncentráció a kezdeti mért koncentráció 80 %-a alá csökken), akkor félstatikus vizsgálatot ajánlatos végezni.
Latvian: Ja orientējošā izmēģinājumā konstatē, ka testa periodā (7 dienas) testējamās vielas koncentrāciju nav iespējams uzturēt (t. i., izmērītā koncentrācija ir mazāka par 80 % no sākotnējās koncentrācijas), ieteicams izmantot pusstatisko metodi.
English: Guidance Document on Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Substances and Mixtures.
Swedish: OECD Environmental Health and Safety Publications, Series on Testing and Assessment No.
Finnish: Guidance Document on Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Substances and Mixtures. OECD Environmental Health and Safety Publications, Series on Testing and Assessment No.
Slovak: Guidance Document on Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Substances and Mixtures. OECD Environmental Health and Safety Publications, Series on Testing and Assessment No.
English: September 1977.
Portuguese: Setembro de 1977
Finnish: Syyskuu 1977.
Polish: September 1977.
English: 1 Torr =
French: 1 mm Hg
English: The pump originally employed by Cottrell is shown in figure 1. Tube A contains the boiling liquid. A platinum wire B sealed into the bottom facilitates uniform boiling. The side tube C leads to a condenser, and the sheath D prevents the cold condensate from reaching the thermometer E. When the liquid in A is boiling, bubbles and liquid trapped by the funnel are poured via the two arms of the pump F over the bulb of the thermometer. Figure 1
French: Figure 1
English: It can be used for vapour pressures down to 10–10 Pa (10)(11)(12)(13)(14). The method is most reliable for vapour pressures below 103 Pa.
French: Cette méthode peut être utilisée jusqu'à des pressions de vapeur de 10–10 Pa (10)(11)(12)(13)(14); elle est surtout fiable pour des pressions de vapeur inférieures à 103 Pa.
Swedish: Den kan användas för ångtryck ned till 10–10 Pa (10)(11)(12)(13)(14), men är mest tillförlitlig för ångtryck under 103 Pa.
English: A schematic drawing of the experimental set-up is shown in figure 11. The measuring head is placed in a constant-temperature enclosure, regulated within 0,1 °C.
French: La figure 11 schématise le dispositif expérimental.
Latvian: Eksperimentālās iekārtas shematisks zīmējums parādīts 11. att. Mērelements ir apvalkā ar pastāvīgu temperatūru, ko regulē ar 0,1 °C precizitāti.
English: Knudsen, M. (1909). Ann.
French: Knudsen, M. (1909).
English: Phys.
French: Ann.
English: Lpz., 29, 1979; (1911), 34, 593.
French: Phys. Lpz., 29, 1979; (1911), 34, 593.
Swedish: Lpz., 29, s. 1979; (1911), 34, s. 593.
Polish: Lpz., 29, 1979; (1911), 34, 593.
English: SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS The method is designed to look at diameter distributions which have median diameters from 0,5 μm to 6 μm.
French: PORTÉE ET LIMITATIONS
English: Calculate the arithmetic mean (mean lnD) and the standard deviation (SDlnD) of the log to base e values (lnD) of the n fibre diameters (D). mean lnD = ΣlnD n (1) SDlnD =
French: Calculez la moyenne arithmétique (lnD moyenne) et l'écart-type (SDlnD) du log par rapport aux valeurs de base (lnD) des diamètres des fibres n (D).
English: n – 1
French: SDlnD =
English: Certain aspects of recalculation for the purposes of GHS are addressed in reference 25. Methods with a performance equivalent to EpiSkin™ (validated reference method 1) are recommended as a stand alone replacement test method for the rabbit in vivo test for classifying GHS category 2 irritant substances. Methods with a performance equivalent to EpiDerm™ (validated reference method 2) are only recommended as a screen test method, or as part of a sequential testing strategy in a weight of evidence approach, for classifying GHS category 2 irritant substances.
French: Certains aspects de recalcul aux fins du SGH sont abordés dans la référence 25.
English: Since 58 carefully selected substances, representing a wide spectrum of chemical classes, were included in the validation of the reconstructed human epidermis model test systems, the methods are expected to be generally applicable across chemical classes (16). The validation includes 13 GHS Cat.
French: Dans la mesure où cinquante-huit substances soigneusement sélectionnées et représentant un large éventail de classes ont été utilisées pour la validation des systèmes d'essai sur modèle d'épiderme humain reconstitué, les méthodes devraient pouvoir être appliquées d'une manière générale à l'ensemble des classes chimiques (16).
Italian: Poiché nei sistemi di test basati su modelli di epidermide umana ricostituita sono state incluse 58 sostanze accuratamente selezionate che rappresentano un ampio spettro di classi chimiche, dovrebbe essere possibile applicare i metodi in modo generale a tutte le classi chimiche (16).
English: 2 irritants.
French: La validation porte sur treize substances irritantes de catégorie 2 selon le SGH.
Italian: La convalida comprende gli irritanti appartenenti alla categoria 2 del sistema GHS.
Maltese: 2 tal-GHS.
English: DEMONSTRATION OF PROFICIENCY Prior to routine use of a validated method that adheres to this Test Method, laboratories may wish to demonstrate technical proficiency, using the ten substances recommended in Table 1. Under this Test Method, the UN GHS optional category 3 is considered as no category. For novel similar (me-too) test methods developed under this Test Method that are structurally and functionally similar to the validated reference methods or for modifications of validated methods, the performance standards described in the Appendix to this Test Method should be used to demonstrate comparable reliability and accuracy of the new test method prior to its use for regulatory testing.
French: DÉMONSTRATION DES COMPÉTENCES
Romanian: DEMONSTRAREA PERFORMANȚELOR
English: Mean of acceptance range Upper acceptance limit
French: Moyenne de la plage de valeurs acceptables
English: Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH), establishing a European Chemicals Agency, amending Directive 1999/45/EC and repealing Council Regulation (EEC) No 793/93 and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1488/94 as well as Council Directive 76/769/EEC and Commission Directives 91/155/EEC, 93/67/EEC, 93/105/EC and 2000/21/EC. Official Journal of the European Union L 396 of 30 December 2006, p. 1.
French: Règlement (CE) no 1907/2006 du Parlement européen et du Conseil du 18 décembre 2006 concernant l'enregistrement, l'évaluation et l'autorisation des substances chimiques, ainsi que les restrictions applicables à ces substances (REACH), instituant une agence européenne des produits chimiques, modifiant la directive 1999/45/CE et abrogeant le règlement (CEE) no 793/93 du Conseil et le règlement (CE) no 1488/94 de la Commission ainsi que la directive 76/769/CEE du Conseil et les directives 91/155/CEE, 93/67/CEE, 93/105/CE et 2000/21/CE de la Commission (Journal officiel de l'Union européenne L 396/1 du 30.12.2006).
Maltese: Regolament (KE) Nru 1907/2006 tal-Parlament Ewropew u tal-Kunsill tat-18 ta' Diċembru 2006 dwar ir-Reġistrazzjoni, il-Valutazzjoni, l-Awtorizzazzjoni u r-Restrizzjoni ta' Sustanzi Kimiċi (REACH), li jistabbilixxi Aġenzija Ewropea għas-Sustanzi Kimiċi, li jemenda d-Direttiva 1999/45/KE u li jħassar ir-Regolament (KEE) Nru 793/93 tal-Kunsill u r-Regolament (KE) Nru 1488/94 tal-Kummissjoni kif ukoll id-Direttiva 76/769/KEE tal-Kunsill u d-Direttivi 91/155/KEE, 93/67/KEE, 93/105/KE u 2000/21/KE tal-Kummissjoni Il-Ġurnal Uffiċjali tal-Unjoni Ewropea L396/1 tat-30.12.2006.
English: The biomass in the control cultures should have increased exponentially by a factor of at least 16 within the 72-hour test period. This corresponds to a specific growth rate of 0,92 day–1. For the most frequently used species, the growth rate is usually substantially higher (see Appendix 1).
French: l'accroissement exponentiel de la biomasse des cultures témoins doit être d'un facteur au moins égal à 16 en l'espace de 72 heures (durée de l'essai), ce qui correspond à un taux de croissance spécifique de 0,92/jour–1.
English: Test vessels and other apparatus, which will come into contact with the test solutions should be made entirely of glass or other chemically inert material. The items should be thoroughly washed to ensure that no organic or inorganic contaminants may interfere with the algal growth or composition of the test solutions.
French: Les récipients expérimentaux et les autres appareils entrant en contact avec les solutions d'essai doivent être composés uniquement de verre ou d'un autre matériau chimiquement inerte.
English: The cultures should be maintained at a temperature in the range of 21 to 24 °C, controlled at ±2 °C. For species other than those listed in Appendix 1, e.g. tropical species, higher temperatures may be appropriate, providing that the validity criteria can be fulfilled. It is recommended to place the flasks randomly and to reposition them daily in the incubator.
French: Les cultures doivent être maintenues à une température comprise entre 21 et 24 °C, maintenue à ±2 °C près.
English: For such species an average light intensity in the range 40-60 µE·m–2·s–1 should be selected. (For light-measuring instruments calibrated in lux, an equivalent range of 4440-8880 lux for cool white light corresponds approximately to the recommended light intensity 60-120 µE·m–2·s–1).
French: Pour ces espèces, il convient d'appliquer une intensité lumineuse moyenne comprise dans la gamme 40-60 µE·m–2 s–1 (en ce qui concerne les instruments de mesure de la lumière étalonnés en lux, la gamme de 4440-8880 lux pour la lumière blanche froide correspond approximativement à l'intensité lumineuse recommandée de 60-120 µE·m–2 s–1).
Italian: Per queste specie è opportuno scegliere un’intensità media della luce compresa nell’intervallo 40-60 µE·m–2·s–1 (per gli strumenti di misurazione della luce calibrati in un intervallo equivalente di 4440-8880 lux per la luce bianca fredda corrisponde approssimativamente all’intensità raccomandata della luce di 60-120 µE·m–2·s–1).
Portuguese: Para essas espécies, deve ser utilizada intensidade luminosa média de 40-60 µE·m–2·s–1 (para os instrumentos de medição da luz calibrados em lux, uma gama equivalente a 4440-8880 lux para a luz branca corresponde aproximadamente à intensidade luminosa recomendada de 60-120 µE·m–2·s–1).
English: If it is obvious that procedural mistakes can be identified and/or considered highly likely, the specific data point is marked as an outlier and not included in subsequent statistical analysis. (A zero algal concentration in one out of two or three replicate vessels may indicate the vessel was not inoculated correctly, or was improperly cleaned).
French: Si, à l'évidence, la manière dont on a procédé comporte des erreurs identifiables ou très probables, le point concerné est à signaler comme une valeur aberrante et ne doit pas être pris en compte dans l'analyse statistique ultérieure (une concentration nulle d'algues dans un des récipients traités de manière identique sur deux ou trois peut révéler que le récipient n'a pas été ensemencé correctement ou qu'il n'a pas été suffisamment bien nettoyé).
Portuguese: Se se identificarem e/ou forem altamente prováveis erros de procedimento, o ponto em causa será identificado como um ponto aberrante e não deverá ser incluído na análise estatística subsequente (uma concentração de algas igual a zero num dos dois ou três replicados pode indicar que o frasco não foi correctamente inoculado, ou que não estava suficientemente limpo).
English: This assessment may be performed graphically or by a formal test (18). Suitable tests are Levene’s or Bartlett’s.
French: Cette vérification peut être pratiquée par un procédé graphique ou par un test formel (18), notamment les tests de Levene ou de Bartlett.
Italian: Questo controllo può essere effettuato graficamente o con un test formale (18), come il test di Levene o di Bartlett.
Swedish: Detta kan göras grafiskt eller med ett etablerat test (18), t.ex. Levenes eller Bartletts test.
English: Statist. Assoc.
French: Statist.
English: Frond number is the primary measurement variable. At least one other measurement variable (total frond area, dry weight or fresh weight) is also measured, since some substances may affect other measurement variables much more than frond numbers.
French: Le nombre de thalles représente la première variable mesurée, mais on en détermine au moins une autre (superficie totale des thalles, poids sec ou poids frais) car certaines substances sont susceptibles d'avoir un impact beaucoup plus prononcé sur des variables autres que le nombre de thalles.
English: Test solutions are usually prepared by dilution of a stock solution. Stock solutions of the test substance are normally prepared by dissolving the substance in growth medium.
French: Les solutions expérimentales sont généralement préparées par dilution d'une solution mère, elle-même préparée par dissolution de la substance dans le milieu de croissance.
English: However, deviation of more than 1,5 units would not invalidate the test when it can be shown that validity criteria are met. Additional care is needed on pH drift in special cases such as when testing unstable substances or metals.
French: Il faudra être particulièrement attentif aux variations du pH dans certains cas particuliers, notamment avec des substances instables et des métaux.
English: Light intensity should be measured in the growth chamber, incubator or room at points the same distance from the light source as the Lemna fronds. Measurements should be made at least once during the test.
French: L'intensité lumineuse est mesurée dans l'enceinte de croissance, dans l'incubateur ou dans la pièce à des points situés à la même distance de la source de lumière que les thalles de Lemna, et ce au moins une fois au cours de l'essai.
English: To determine the doubling time (Td) of frond number and adherence to this validity criterion by the study (section 1.6), the following formula is used with data obtained from the control vessels: Td = ln 2/μ where μ is the average specific growth rate determined as described in first and second paragraph in section 2.2.1.
French: où µ est le taux de croissance spécifique moyen calculé suivant les indications des deux premiers alinéas du paragraphe 2.2.1.
English: Toxicity estimates should be based on frond number and on one additional measurement variable (total frond area, dry weight or fresh weight), because some substances may affect other measurement variables much more than the frond number. This effect would not be detected by calculating frond number only.
French: Les estimations de la toxicité doivent reposer sur le nombre de thalles ainsi que sur une autre variable mesurée (superficie totale des thalles, poids sec ou poids frais), parce que certaines substances peuvent avoir un effet bien plus prononcé sur une variable autre que le nombre de thalles, qui pourrait ne pas être détecté par le seul calcul du nombre de thalles.
Italian: Le stime di tossicità devono basarsi sul numero di fronde nonché su un'altra variabile di misura (area fogliare totale, peso secco o peso fresco) perché alcune sostanze possono avere un effetto più marcato su una variabile diversa dal numero di fronde, che potrebbe non essere individuato calcolando unicamente il numero di fronde.
English: This assessment may be performed graphically or by a formal test (25). Suitable tests are Levene’s or Bartlett’s.
French: Cette vérification peut être pratiquée par un procédé graphique ou par un test formel (25), notamment les tests de Levene ou de Bartlett.
Italian: Si raccomanda di effettuare questo controllo graficamente o con un test formale (25), come il test di Levene o quello di Bartlett.
Swedish: Det kan göras grafiskt eller med ett etablerat test (25), t.ex. Levenes eller Bartletts test.
English: Biological Test Method: Test for Measuring the Inhibition of Growth Using the Freshwater Macrophyte, Lemna minor.
French: Méthode d'essai biologique: essai de mesure de l'inhibition de la croissance de la plante macroscopique dulcicole, Lemna minor.
English: Cottrell pump (4) A: Thermocouple
Hungarian: Cottrell-szivattyú (4)
English: The equipment consists of a constant-temperature bath (precision of ±0,2 K), a container for the sample connected to a vacuum line, a manometer and a system to regulate the pressure. The sample chamber (figure 3a) is connected to the vacuum line via a valve and a differential manometer (U-tube containing a suitable manometer fluid) which serves as zero indicator.
Hungarian: A készülék egy állandó hőmérsékletű (pontosság: ±0,2 K) fürdőből, egy vákuumvezetékhez kapcsolt mintatartályból, egy nyomásmérőből, és egy nyomásszabályozó rendszerből áll. A mintatartály (3a. ábra) egy szelepen és egy nyomáskülönbség-mérőn (U-csöves manométer alkalmas folyadékkal) keresztül kapcsolódik a vákuumvezetékhez, ez utóbbi a nulla nyomáskülönbség jelzésére szolgál.
English: The sample can be cooled with liquid nitrogen or dry ice, but care should be taken to avoid condensation of air or pump-fluid. With the valve over the sample vessel open, suction is applied for several minutes to remove the air.
Hungarian: A minta folyékony nitrogénnel vagy szárazjéggel hűthető, de vigyázni kell, hogy elkerüljük a levegőben lévő pára, vagy a szivattyúfolyadék lecsapódását A mintatartó edény fölött lévő szelepet kinyitva néhány perces szivattyúzással eltávolítjuk a levegőt.
English: Test Method B.4. ACUTE TOXICITY; DERMAL IRRITATION/CORROSION.
Hungarian: Vizsgálati módszer: AKUT TOXICITÁS; BŐRIRRITÁCIÓ/BŐRKORRÓZIÓS HATÁS.
Slovenian: Test Method B.4, ACUTE TOXICITY; DERMAL IRRITATION/CORROSION.
English: Test Method B.40. IN VITRO SKIN CORROSION: TRANSCUTANEOUS ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE TEST TER.
Hungarian: Vizsgálati módszer: IN VITRO BŐRKORRÓZIÓ: TRANSZKUTÁN ELEKTROMOS REZISZTENCIA VIZSGÁLAT (TER).
Slovenian: Test Method B.40, IN VITRO SKIN CORROSION: TRANSCUTANEOUS ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE TEST TER.
English: If unavoidable, stock solutions of non-volatile substances with poor water-solubility should be prepared by use of a volatile organic solvent, but the amount of solvent added to the test system should not exceed 1 % v/v and should not have adverse effects on the microbial activity. The solvent should not affect the stability of the test substance in water.
Portuguese: Quando não for possível evitá-lo, as soluções de reserva de substâncias não voláteis e de fraca hidrossolubilidade podem ser preparadas com um solvente orgânico volátil, mas a quantidade adicionada desse solvente não deve exceder 1 % v/v e não deve ter qualquer efeito adverso sobre a actividade microbiana.
Hungarian: Ha ez elkerülhetetlen, a vízben rosszul oldódó nem illékony anyagok törzsoldatait illékony szerves oldószer felhasználásával is előállíthatjuk, de a tesztrendszerbe juttatott oldószer mennyisége nem lépheti túl az 1 tf %-ot, és nem lehet káros hatása a mikrobás aktivitásra, vagy a vizsgálati anyag stabilitására a vizes oldatban.
English: Typical lag times were 1 to 7 days. The waters examined were reported to have a bacterial biomass corresponding to 103 -104 colony forming units (CFU) per ml.
Hungarian: A vizsgált vízmintákra vonatkozóan milliliterenként 103–104 CFU-nak (telepképző egység) megfelelő bakteriális biomassza-tartalmat írtak le.
English: Obvious signs of contamination by algae or other organisms will require surface sterilisation of a sub-sample of Lemna fronds, followed by transfer to fresh medium (see Appendix 2). In this eventuality, the remaining contaminated culture should be discarded.
Hungarian: Ha olyan nyilvánvaló jeleket figyelünk meg, amelyek algák vagy más élő szervezetek okozta szennyeződésre utalnak, akkor a Lemna-levelek egy részét felületi sterilizálásnak kell alávetni, majd másik oldatba kell áthelyezni (lásd a 2. függeléket), a fennmaradó szennyezett tenyészetet pedig hulladékként el kell távolítani.
English: In Cottrell’s method (4) the thermometer is placed in the vapour above the surface of the liquid and the boiling liquid is made to pump itself continuously over the bulb of the thermometer. A thin layer of liquid which is in equilibrium with vapour at atmospheric pressure covers the bulb.
Italian: Con il metodo di Cottrell (4) il termometro è posto nel vapore sopra la superficie del liquido; il liquido in ebollizione è pompato continuamente sul bulbo del termometro, sul quale forma un sottile strato di liquido in stato di equilibrio con il vapore a pressione atmosferica.
English: B: 8 mm OD Tube C: Dry nitrogen in pressure system
Italian: B: Tubo da 8 mm di diametro esterno
Lithuanian: B: 8 mm IS vamzdis
English: D: Sample vapour E: Small tip
Italian: A: Controllo della pressione
Lithuanian: A: Slėgio reguliavimas
English: (Dimension in mm) In the case of solids, and depending on the pressure and temperature ranges, manometer liquids such as silicon fluids or phthalates are used.
Italian: Nel caso di solidi, ed in funzione degli intervalli di pressione e temperatura, sono usati come liquidi manometrici fluidi siliconici e ftalati.
Lithuanian: Kietųjų medžiagų atveju naudojami slėgmačio skysčiai, pvz., polisiloksaniniai skysčiai arba ftalatai, atsižvelgiant į taikomus slėgio ir temperatūros intervalus.
English: United Nations (UN) (2007). Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), Second revised edition, UN New York and Geneva, 2007.
Italian: Nazioni Unite (UN) (2007), Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), seconda edizione, UN New York e Ginevra, 2007.
Slovenian: United Nations (UN) (2007) Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), druga revidirana izdaja, ZN, New York in Ženeva, 2007.
English: OECD (2006). Test Guideline 435.
Italian: OCSE (2006), Test Guideline 435.
Slovenian: OECD (2006), Test Guideline 435.
English: OECD Guideline for the Testing of Chemicals. In Vitro Membrane Barrier Test Method.
Italian: OECD Guideline for the Testing of Chemicals.
English: ECVAM (2009) Performance Standards for applying human skin models to in vitro skin irritation. Available under Download Study Documents, at: http://ecvam.jrc.ec.europa.eu.
Italian: ECVAM (2009), Performance Standards for applying human skin models to in vitro skin irritation, disponibile alla voce «Download Study Documents» all’indirizzo: http://ecvam.jrc.ec.europa.eu.