FrancophonIA/DGT-Translation_Memory huggingface dataset:
English: Chromosome aberration and sister chromatic exchanges in Chinese hamster ovary cells: Evaluation of 108 chemicals. Environs.
French: and Zeiger, E. (1978), Chromosome aberration and sister chromatic exchanges in Chinese hamster ovary cells: Evaluation of 108 chemicals, Environs.
English: Methods for Detecting Carcinogens and Mutagens with the Salmonella/Mammalian Microsome Mutagenicity Test.
French: N., McCann.
English: Adler, I.D., (1984) Cytogenetic Tests in Mammals. In: Mutagenicity Testing: a Practical Approach.
French: Adler, J. D. (1984), Cytogenctic Tests in Mammals, in: Mutagenidty Testing: a Practical Approach.
English: Venitt and J.M. Parry (Eds).
French: Vcnitt and J. M. Parry (eds.).
Swedish: Venitt och J. M. Parry (eds).
English: Fielder, R.J., Allen, J.A., Boobis, A.R., Botham, P.A., Doe, J., Esdaile, D.J., Gatehouse, D.G., Hodson-Walker, G., Morton, D.B., Kirkland, D.J. and Richold, M. (1992). Report of British Toxicology Society/UK Environmental Mutagen Society Working Group: Dose setting in In vivo Mutagenicity Assays. Mutagenesis, 7, p. 313-319.
French: Fielder, R. J., Alleen, J. A., Boobis, A. R., Botham, P. A.. Doe, J., Esdaile, D. J., Gatehouse, D. G., Hodson- Walker, G., Morton, D. B., Kirkland, D. J. and Richold, M. (1992), Report of British Toxicology Society/UK, Environmental Mutagen Society Working Group: Dose setting in In Vivo Mutagenicity Assays, Mutagenesis, 7, pp. 313-319.
Slovak: Fielder, R I, Allen, J. A., Boobis, A. R, Botham, P. A., Doe, I, Esdaile, D. J., Gatehouse, D. G., Hodson-Walker, G., Morton, D. B., Kirkland, D. J. a Richold, M. (1992), Report of British Toxicology Society/UK Environmental Mutagen Society Working Group: Dose Setting in In vivo Mutagenicity Assays, Mutagenesis, 7, s. 313 – 319.
Slovenian: Fielder, R. J., Allen, J. A., Boobis, A. R., Botham, P. A., Doe, J., Esdaile, D. J., Gatehouse, D. G, Hodson-Walker, G, Morton, D. B., Kirkland, D. J., in Richold, M. (1992), Report of British Toxicology Society/UK Environmental Mutagen Society Working Group: Dose setting in In Vivo Mutagenicity Assays, Mutagenesis, 7, str. 313–319.
English: Locke-Huhle, C., (1983) Endoreduplication in Chinese hamster cells during alpha-radiation induced G2 arrest. Mutation Res. 119, p. 403-413.
French: Locke-Huhle, C. (1983), Endoreduplication in Chinese hamster cells during alpha-radiation-induced G2 arrest, Mutation Res., 119, pp. 403-413.
Slovak: Locke-Huhle, C. (1983), Endoreduplication in Chinese Hamster Cells during Alpha Radiation Induced G2 Arrest, Mutation Res., 119, s. 403 – 413.
Slovenian: Locke-Huhle, C. (1983), Endoreduplication in Chinese hamster cells during alpha-radiation-induced G2 arrest, Mutation Res., 119, str. 403–413.
English: Statistical methods may be used as an aid in evaluating the test results (18)(19). Statistical significance should not be the only determining factor for a positive response.
French: L'évaluation des résultats peut s'appuyer sur des méthodes statistiques (18) (19) mais la signification statistique ne doit pas être le seul facteur décisif pour conclure à une réponse positive.
Italian: Si possono usare metodi statistici come ausilio nella valutazione dei risultati sperimentali (18) (19), ma la significatività statistica non dovrebbe essere l'unico fattore determinante di una risposta positiva.
Portuguese: Como auxílio para a avaliação dos resultados dos ensaios poderão ser utilizados métodos estatísticos (18) (19), embora a significância estatística não deva ser o único elemento para a determinação de uma resposta positiva.
Slovak: Ako pomôcka sa pri hodnotení výsledkov testov používajú štatistické metódy (18) (19).
English: (1983). The Induction of Micronuclei as a Measure of Genotoxicity. Mutation Res., 123, p. 61-118.
French: (1983), The Induction of Micronuclei as a Measure of Genotoxicity, Mutation Res., 123, pp. 61-118.
Slovak: (1983), The Induction of Micronuclei as a Measure of Genotoxicity, Mutation Res., 123, s. 61 – 118.
English: Iin: ‘Developments in Science and Practice of Toxicology’, Ed. A.W. Hayes, R.C. Schnell and T.S.
French: N., and Wehr, C. M. (1983), Micronuclei in Circulating Erythrocytcs: A Rapid Screen for Chromosomal Damage During Routine Toxicity Testing in Mice, in: Developments in Science and Practice of Toxicology, ed. A. W.
Italian: N., and Wehr, C. M. (1983), Micronuclei in Circulating Erythrocytes: A Rapid Screen for Chromosomal Damage During Routine Toxicity Testing in Mice, in: Developments in Science and Practice of Toxicology, ed. A. W.
English: Romagna, F. and Staniforth, C.D., (1989) The automated bone marrow micronucleus test. Mutation Res., 213, p. 91-104.
French: Romagna, F. and Staniforth, C. D. (1989), The automated bone marrow micronucleus test, Mutation Res., 211, pp. 91-104.
Italian: Romagna, F. and Staniforth, C. D. (1989), The automated bone marrow micronucleus test, Mutation Res., 213, pp. 91-104.
Slovak: Romagna, F. a Staniforth, C. D. (1989), The Automated Bone Marrow Micronucleus Test, Mutation Res., 213, s. 91 – 104.
Slovenian: Romagna, F., in Staniforth, C. D. (1989), The automated bone marrow micronucleus test, Mutation Res., 213, str. 91–104.
English: Furylfuramide (AF2) plasmid-containing strains
French: Souches contenant des plasmides
Dutch: Stammen die plasmiden bevatten
English: Matsushima, M., Sugimura, T., Nagao, M., Yahagi, T., Shirai, A. and Sawamura, M., (1980) Factors Modulating Mutagenicity Microbial Tests. In: Short-term Test Systems for Detecting Carcinogens. Ed. Norpoth K.H. and Garner, R.C., Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York. p. 273-285.
French: Matsushima, M., Sugimura, T., Nagao, M., Yahagi, T., Shirai, A. and Sawamura, M. (1980), Factors Modulating Mutagenicity Microbial Tests, in: Short-term Test Systems for Detecting Carcinogens. ed. Nor- poth K. H. and Garner, R. C, Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York, pp. 273-285.
Italian: Matsushima, M., Sugimura, T., Nagao, M., Yahagi, T., Shirai, A. and Sawamura, M. (1980), Factors Modulating Mutagenicity Microbial Tests, in: Short-term Test Systems for Detecting Carcinogens, ed. Norpoth K. H. and Garner, R. C, Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York, pp. 273-285.
English: Bridges (1984) The Fluctuation Test in Bacteria. In: Handbook of Mutagenicity Test Procedures. 2nd Edition. Ed. Kilbey, B.J., Legator, M., Nichols, W. and Ramel, C., Elsevier, Amsterdam-New York-Oxford, p. 141-161.
French: Bridges (1984), The Fluctuation Test in Bacteria, in: Handbook of Mutagenicitv Test Procedures, 2nd Edition, ed. Kilbey, B. J., Legator, M., Nichols, W. and Ramel, C, Elsevier, Amsterdam-New York-Oxford, pp. 141-161.
Italian: Bridges (1984), The Fluctuation Test in Bacte- ria, in: Handbook of Mutagenicity Test Procedures , 2nd Edition, ed. Kilbey, B. ., Legator, M., Nichols, W. and Ramel, C, Elsevier, Amsterdam-New York-Oxford, pp. 141-161.
English: Matsushima, T., Sawamura, M., Hara, K. and Sugimura, T., (1976) A Safe Substitute for Polychlorinated Biphenyls as an Inducer or Metabolic Activation Systems. In: ‘In vitro metabolic Activation in Mutagenesis Testing’ Eds. F.J. de Serres et al.
French: Matsushima, T., Sawamura, M., Hara, K. and Sugimura T. (1976), A Safe Substitute for Polychlorinated Biphenyls as an Inducer or Metabolic Activation Systems, in: In Vitro Metabolic Activation in Mutagenesis Testing, eds.
Italian: Matsushima, T., Sawamura, M., Hara, K. and Sugimura T. (1976), A Safe Substitute for Polychlorinated Biphenyls as an Inducer or Metabolic Activation Systems, in: In Vitro Metabolic Activation in MutagenesisTesting, eds.
Slovak: Matsushima, T., Sawamura, M., Hara, K. a Sugimura, T. (1976), A Safe Substitute for Polychlorinated Biphenyl as an Inducer of Metabolic Activation Systems, in: In Vitro Metabolic Activation in Mutagenesis testing, de Serres a kol.
English: Part II. Statistical Evaluation of Mutagenicity Test Data. Ed.
French: Part II.
Dutch: Part II. Statistical Evaluation of Mutagenicity Test Data.
Slovak: a Tweats, D. J. (1989), Analysis of Data from Microbial Colony Assays, in: UKEMS Sub-Committee on Guidelines for Mutagenicity Testing, Report, Part II, Statistical Evaluation of Mutagenicity test Data, ed.
English: The most commonly used strains for the detection of mitotic gene conversion are D4 (heteroallelic at ade 2 and trp 5) D7 (heteroallelic at trp 5) BZ34 (heteroallelic at arg 4) and JDl (heteroallelic at his 4 and trp 5). Mitotic crossing-over producing red and pink homozygous sectors can be assayed in D5 or in D7 (which also measures mitotic gene conversion and reverse mutation at ilv 1-92) both strains being heteroallelic for complementing alleles of ade 2.
French: Les souches les plus couramment utilisées pour déceler une conversion génique mitotique sont D4 (hétéroallélique pour ade 2 et trp 5), D7 (hétéroallélique pour trp 5), BZ34 (hétéroallélique pour arg 4) et JD1 (hétéroallélique pour his 4 et trp S). croissing-over mitotique produisant des secteurs homozygotes de couleur rouge et rose peut être déterminé dans D5 ou dans D7 (qui mesure aussi la conversion génique mitotique et la mutation reverse pour ilv 1-92), ces deux souches étant hétéroalléliques complémentaires pour les allèles ade 2.
English: This metabolic activation system cannot mimic entirely the mammalian in vivo conditions. Care should be taken to avoid conditions, which would lead to results not reflecting intrinsic mutagenicity.
French: Les essais in vitro requièrent généralement une source exogène d'activation métabolique qui ne peut pas reproduire parfaitement les conditions présentes in vivo chez les mammifères.
English: selective agents, criteria for considering tests as positive, negative or equivocal,
French: méthodes utilisées pour compter le nombre de cellules viables et de cellules mutantes,
English: methods used to enumerate numbers of viable and mutant cells. definition of colonies of which size and type are considered (including criteria for ‘small’ and ‘large’ colonies, as appropriate).
French: définition de colonies qui sont prises en compte pour le type et pour la taille, y compris les critères pour les «petites» et «grandes» colonies.
English: Clive, D., Johnson, K.O., Spector, J.F.S., Batson, A.G. and Brown M.M.M., (1979) Validation and Characterisation of the L5178Y/TK+/- Mouse Lymphoma Mutagen Assay System. Mutat. Res., 59, p. 61-108.
French: Clive, D., Johnson, K. O., Spector, J. F. S., Batson, A. G. and Brown M. M. M. (1979), Validation and Characterisation of the L5178Y/-/- Mouse Lymphoma Mutagen Assay System, Mutation Res, 59, pp. 61-108.
Italian: Clive, D., Johnson, K. O., Spector, J. F. S., Batson, A. G. and Brown M. M. M. (1979), Validation and Characterisation of the L5178Y/TK+/- Mouse Lymphoma Mutagen Assay System, Mutat Res., 59, pp. 61-108.
English: If the data are recorded as early and late deaths, the tables should make that clear. If pre-implantation loss is estimated, it should be reported.
French: Si les résultats sont enregistrés sous la forme de mortalité précoce et de mortalité tardive, les tableaux devraient faire clairement ressortir cette différence.
English: Statistical methods may be used as an aid in evaluating the test results (8). Statistical significance should not be the only determining factor for a positive response.
French: L'évaluation des résultats peut s'appuyer sur des méthodes statistiques (8) mais la signification statistique ne doit pas être le seul facteur décisif pour conclure à une réponse positive.
Italian: Si possono usare metodi statistici come ausilio nella valutazione dei risultati sperimentali (8), ma la significatività statistica non dovrebbe essere l'unico fattore determinante di una risposta positiva.
Portuguese: Como auxílio para a avaliação dos resultados dos ensaios, poderão ser utilizados métodos estatísticos (8), embora a significância estatística não deva ser o único elemento para a determinação de uma resposta positiva.
English: Adler, I.D., (1984) Cytogenetic tests in Mammals. In: Mutagenicity Testing: a Practical Approach. Ed. S. Venitt and J.M. Parry.
French: Adler, I. D. (1984), Cytogenic tests in Mammals, in: Mutagenicity Testing: a Practical Approach, ed. S. Venitt and J. M. Parry.
Italian: Adler, I.D.
English: Use of negative and positive controls Adequate control data, derived from concurrent and historic control should be available.
French: Des résultats de contrôles adéquats provenant d'épreuves réalisées simultanément et de contrôles historiques doivent exister.
English: The adult rat, rabbit or guinea pig may be used. Other species may be used but their use would require justification.
French: Le rat, le lapin ou le cochon d'Inde adultes peuvent être utilisés; d'autres espèces aussi, mais il faut alors en justifier l'emploi.
Portuguese: Podem ser utilizados o rato, o coelho ou a cobaia; também podem usar-se outras espécies, sendo necessário justificar o seu emprego.
English: The highest dose level should result in toxic effects but produce no, or few, fatalities. The lowest dose level should not produce any evidence of toxicity.
French: La dose la plus élevée doit être déterminée de manière à produire des effets toxiques mais pas, ou rarement, la mort de l'animal; la dose la plus faible ne doit faire apparaître aucun effet toxique.
Portuguese: A dose mais elevada será determinada de forma a produzir efeitos tóxicos mas nunca, ou raramente, a morte do animal; a dose mais baixa não deverá produzir quaisquer efeitos tóxicos.
English: Where necessary, a suitable vehicle may be added to the test substance to help generate an appropriate concentration of the substance in the atmosphere. If a vehicle or other additives are used to facilitate dosing, they should be known not to produce toxic effects.
French: Au besoin, un véhicule approprié peut être ajouté à la substance à tester en vue d'obtenir une concentration appropriée de celle-ci dans l'atmosphère; si un véhicule ou d'autres additifs sont utilisés pour faciliter l'administration, ils seront réputés non toxiques.
Portuguese: Se necessário pode adicionar-se um veículo à substância a testar para se conseguir uma concentração apropriada desta na atmosfera; se um veículo ou outros aditivos forem usados para facilitar a administração devem ser comprovadamente não tóxicos.
English: At the end of the exposure period all surviving animals are necropsied. Moribund animals should be removed and necropsied when noticed.
French: À l'issue de l'expérience, tous les animaux survivants des lots traités non satellites sont autopsiés, En cours d'expérience, tout animal moribond sera immédiatement retiré et autopsié.
English: no-effect level when possible, time of death during the study or whether animals surived to termination,
French: moment de la mort en cours d'expérience ou indication que l'animal était encore en vie à la fin de l'expérience,
English: However, certain technical difficulties must be considered. For example, the advantages of continuous exposure for simulating environmental conditions may be offset by the necessity for watering and feeding during exposure, and by the need for more complicated (and reliable) aerosol and vapour, generation and monitoring techniques.
French: Il convient, toutefois, de tenir compte de certaines difficultés techniques: par exemple, les avantages qu'offre l'exposition permanente pour simuler les conditions ambiantes peuvent être contrebalancés par la nécessité d'alimenter et de faire boire les animaux pendant l'exposition ainsi que par les contraintes inhérentes à la complexité (et fiabilité) de la génération des aérosols et des vapeurs et des moyens de contrôle.
Portuguese: Convém no entanto ter em conta certas dificuldades técnicas: por exemplo as vantagens da exposição contínua na simulação das condições do ambiente podem ser contrariadas pela necessidade de alimentar e dar de beber aos animais durante a exposição e ainda pela necessidade de técnicas mais complicadas de produção de aerossóis e de vapores, bem como de monitorização.
English: particle size measurements: particle-size distribution should be determined in chamber atmospheres involving liquid or solid aerosols. The aerosol particles should be of respirable size for the test animal used. Samples of the chamber atmospheres should be taken in the breathing zone of the animals.
French: température et humidité: pour les rongeurs, la température sera maintenue à 22 oC (± 2 oC) et l'humidité à l'intérieur de la chambre sera de 30 à 70 %, sauf lorsqu'on utilise de l'eau pour mettre la substance à tester en suspension dans l'air dans la chambre d'essai.
English: The air sample should be representative of the distribution of the particles to which the animals are exposed and should account, on a gravimetric basis, for all the suspended aerosol even when much of the aerosol is not respirable. Particle size analyses should be carried out frequently during the development of the generating system to ensure the stability of the aerosol and thereafter as often as necessary during the exposures to determine adequately the consistency of the particle distribution to which the animals have been exposed.
French: Ces deux paramètres seront, de préférence, contrôlés en permanence;
English: Bodyweights should be recorded individually for all animals once a week during the first 13 weeks of the test period and at least once every four weeks thereafter. Food intake should be determined weekly during the first 13 weeks of the study, and then at approximately three-monthly intervals unless health status or body weight changes dictate otherwise. Haematological examination
French: Le poids de chaque animal sera déterminé et noté une fois par semaine durant les 13 premières semaines de la période d'essai, puis au moins une fois toutes les 4 semaines.
English: Haematological examination (e.g. haemoglobin content; packet cell volume, total red blood cells, total white blood cells, platelets or other measures of clotting potential) should be performed at three months, six months, and thereafter at approximately six-month intervals and at termination on blood samples collected form all non-rodents and from 10 rats/sex of all groups. If possible, samples should be from the same rats at each interval. In addition, a pre-test sample should be collected from non-rodents.
French: La consommation alimentaire sera déterminée chaque semaine durant les 13 premières semaines de l'étude, puis tous les 3 mois environ, à moins que l'état de santé ou les modifications de poids corporel nécessitent une autre fréquence.
English: If clinical observations suggest a deterioration in the health of the animals during the study, a differential blood count of the affected animals should be performed. A differential blood count is performed on samples from the animals in the highest dose group and the controls. Differential blood counts are performed for the next lower group(s) only if there is a major discrepancy between the highest group and the controls, or if indicated by pathological findings. Urinalysis
French: Examen hématologique
English: appearance: volume and density for individual animals, protein, glucose, ketones, occult blood (semi-quantitatively),
French: Si les observations cliniques indiquent une détérioration de l'état de santé des animaux durant l'étude, il sera procédé à une numération avec formule leucocytaire chez les animaux atteints.
English: Long-term exposures are usually patterned on projected human exposure, giving the animals either a daily exposure of six hours after equilibration of chamber concentrations, for five days a week (intermittent exposure), or, relevant to possible environmental exposure, 22 to 24 hours of exposure per day for seven days a week (continuous exposure), with about an hour for feeding the animals daily at a similar time and maintaining the chambers. In both cases, the animals are usually exposed to fixed concentrations of test substance. A major difference between intermittent and continuous exposure is that with the former there is a 17 to 18 hour period in which animals may recover from the effects of each daily exposure with an even longer recovery period during weekends. The choice of intermittent or continuous exposure depends on the objectives of the study and on the human exposure that is to be simulated. However, certain technical difficulties must be considered. For example, the advantages of continuous exposure for simulating environmental conditions may be offset by the necessity for watering and feeding during exposure and by the need for more complicated (and reliable) aerosol and vapour generation and monitoring techniques. 1.6.6. Exposure chambers
French: température et humidité: pour les rongeurs, la température sera maintenue à 22 oC (± 2 oC) et l'humidité à l'intérieur de l'enceinte sera de 30 à 70 %, sauf lorsqu'on utilise de l'eau pour mettre la substance à tester en suspension dans l'air de la cage d'exposition.
English: The animals should be tested in inhalation chambers designed to sustain a dynamic flow of at least 12 air changes per hour to assure adequate oxygen content and an evenly distributed exposure atmosphere. Control and exposure chambers should be identical in construction and design to ensure exposure conditions comparable in all respects except for exposure to the test substances. Slight negative pressure inside the chamber is generally maintained to prevent leakage of the test substance into the surrounding area. The chambers should minimise the crowding of test animals. As a general rule, to ensure the stability of the chamber atmosphere, the total volume of the test animals should not exceed 5 % of the volume of the chamber. Measurements or monitoring should be made of: (i) air flow: the rate of air flow through the chamber should preferably be monitored continuously; (ii) concentration: during the daily exposure period the concentration of the test substance should not vary more than ± 15 % of the mean value. During the total duration of this study, the day-to-day concentrations should be held as constant as practicable; (iii) temperature and humidity: for rodents, the temperature should be maintained at 22 ± 2 oC and the humidity within the chamber at 30 to 70 %, except when water is used to suspend the test substance in the chamber atmosphere. Preferably both should be monitored continuously;
French: Ces deux paramètres seront, de préférence, contrôlés en permanence;
English: Long-term exposures are usually patterned on projected human exposure, giving the animals either a daily exposure of six hours after equilibration of chamber concentrations, for five days a week (intermittent exposure), or, relevant to possible environmental exposure, 22 to 24 hours of exposure per day for seven days a week (continuous exposure), with about an hour for feeding the animals daily at a similar time and maintaining the chambers. In both cases, the animals are usually exposed to fixed concentrations of test substance. A major difference between intermittent and continuous exposure is that, with the former, there is a 17 to 18 hour period in which animals may recover from the effects of each daily exposure, with an even longer recovery period during weekends. The choice of intermittent or continuous exposure depends on the objectives of the test and on the human exposure that is to be simulated. However, certain technical difficulties must be considered. For example, the advantages of continuous exposure for simulating environmental conditions may be offset by the necessity for watering and feeding during exposure and by the need for more complicated (and reliable) aerosol and vapour generation and monitoring techniques. 1.6.6. Exposure chambers
French: température et humidité: pour les rongeurs, la température sera maintenue à 22 oC (± 2 oC) et l'humidité à l'intérieur de l'enceinte sera de 30 à 70 %, sauf lorsqu'on utilise de l'eau pour mettre la substance à tester en suspension dans l'air de la cage d'exposition.