FrancophonIA/DGT-Translation_Memory huggingface dataset:
English: Results from in vitro or ex vivo tests (Steps 5 and 6). Substances that have demonstrated corrosive or severe irritant properties in an in vitro or ex vivo test (7)(8) that has been validated and accepted for the assessment specifically of eye or skin corrosivity/irritation, need not be tested in animals.
Slovenian: Snovi, ki so pokazale jedke ali resne dražilne lastnosti v validiranem in sprejetem preskusu in vitro ali ex vivo (6)(7), ki se je validiral in sprejel izrecno za ocenitev jedkosti/dražilnosti za oči in kožo, ni treba preskusiti na živalih.
English: Substance would be too toxic for testing. No testing is needed.
Slovenian: Snov bi bila preveč toksična za preskušale Nadaljnje v očesu. preskušanje ni potrebno.
English: Perform validated and accepted in vitro or ex vivo test for eye corrosion Corrosive response
Slovenian: 5 Opraviti validiran in sprejet in vitro ali ex vivo preskus za očenso jedkost Jedek odziv Domnevati, da je jedko za oči.
English: A filter paper (2 × 4 cm) is fully-loaded with test substance in a suitable vehicle and applied to the test area and held in contact by an occlusive dressing for 48 hours. The choice of the vehicle should be justified.
Slovenian: Filtrirni papir (2 × 4 cm), povsem impregniran s preskusno snovjo v ustreznem nosilcu, se nanese na preskusno območje in je z okluzivnim povojem v stiku s kožo 48 ur. Izbira nosilca mora biti utemeljena.
English: If necessary, the appropriate concentration can be determined from a pilot study using two or three animals. For water soluble test materials, it is appropriate to use water or a dilute non-irritating solution of surfactant as the vehicle.
Slovenian: Če je potrebno, se lahko ustrezne koncentracije določijo s pilotno študijo, ki se opravi na dveh ali treh živalih.Pri preskusnih vodotopnih snoveh je najprimernejše, da se kot nosilec uporabi voda ali razredčena nedražilna raztopina surfaktanta.
English: Chromatid-type aberration: structural chromosome damage expressed as breakage of single chromatids or breakage and reunion between chromatids. Chromosome-type aberration: structural chromosome damage expressed as breakage, or breakage and reunion, of both chromatids at an identical site.
Slovenian: Aberacija kromatidnega tipa: strukturna poškodba kromosoma, izražena kot prelom posameznih kromatid ali prelom in združitev med kromatidama.
English: The use of chemical class related positive control chemicals may be considered, when available. Examples of positive control substances include:
Slovenian: Lahko se uporabijo kemikalije pozitivne kontrole, ki sodijo v isti razred kakor preizkušana kemikalija, kadar so na voljo:
English: For mice this interval is approximately three to five hours; for Chinese hamsters this interval is approximately four to five hours. Cells are harvested from the bone marrow and analysed for chromosome aberrations.
Slovenian: Pri miših je ta interval približno 3–5 ur; pri kitajskih hrčkih je ta interval približno 4–5 ur. Celice se odvzamejo iz kostnega mozga in analizirajo, da se določijo kromosomske aberacij e.
English: Report Part III. Statistical Evaluation of Mutagenicity Test Data. D.J. Kirkland, (Ed.) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. p. 184-232.
Slovenian: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, str. 184–232.
English: Richold, M., Ashby, J., Bootman, J., Chandley, A., Gatehouse, D.G. and Henderson, L., (1990) In Vivo Cytogenetics Assay. In: D.J. Kirkland (Ed.) Basic Mutagenicity tests. UKEMS Recommended Procedures. UKEMS Sub-Committee on Guidelines for Mutagenicity Testing.
Slovenian: Richold, M., Ashby, J., Bootman, J., Chandley, A., Gatehouse, D. G., in Henderson, L. (1990), In Vivo Cytogenetics Assay, v: D. J. Kirkland (ed.), Basic Mutagenicity tests, UKEMS Recommended Procedures, UKEMS Sub-Committee on Guidelines for Mutagenicity Testing.
English: Matsushima, M., Sugimura, T., Nagao, M., Yahagi, T., Shirai, A. and Sawamura, M., (1980) Factors Modulating Mutagenicity Microbial Tests. In: Short-term Test Systems for Detecting Carcinogens.
Slovenian: Matsushima, M., Sugimura, T., Nagao, M., Yahagi, T., Shirai, A., in Sawamura, M. (1980), Factors Modulating Mutagenicity Microbial Tests, v: Short-term Test Systems for Detecting Carcinogens, izd.
English: Cells may be exposed to test chemicals in either the stationary phase or during growth for periods of up to 18 hours. However, for long treatment times cultures should be microscopically inspected for spore formation, the presence of which invalidates the test.
Slovenian: Celice se lahko izpostavijo preskusnim kemikalijam ali v njihovi stacionarni fazi ali v času rasti za obdobje največ 18 ur. Za dolga obdobja tretiranja pa je treba kulture mikroskopsko pregledati za nastanek spor, katerih prisotnost bi razveljavila preskus.
English: Data should be summarised in tabular form, showing for each test group the number of animals at the start of the test, the number of animals showing lesions, the types of lesions and the percentage of animals displaying each type of lesion. Results should be evaluated by an appropriate statistical method.
Slovenian: Podatki se povzamejo v obliki tabele, iz katere je za vsako preskusno skupino razvidno število živali na začetku preskusa, število živali, na katerih so opažene lezij e, tipe lezij, in odstotek živali, ki kažejo določen tip lezij e. Rezultate je treba oceniti z ustrezno statistično metodo.
English: toxic response data by sex and dose, no-effect level,
Slovenian: podatki o odzivu strupenosti po spolu in koncentraciji,
English: Late resorption: dead embryo or foetus with external degenerative changes NOAEL: abbreviation for no-observed-adverse-effect level and is the highest dose or exposure level where no adverse treatment-related findings are observed.
Slovenian: NOAEL: kratica za vrednost brez opaznih škodljivih učinkov (No Observed Adverse Effect Level) in je največji odmerek ali stopnja izpostavljenosti, pri kateri ne opazimo nobenega škodljivega učinka, povezanega s tretiranjem.
English: In the case of studies with non-rodents fewer animals may be used. When tissue distribution is being studied, the initial group size should take into account both the number of animals to be sacrificed at each time point and the number of time points to be examined.
Slovenian: V primeru študij na neglodalcih se lahko uporabi manj živali. študijah porazdelitve v tkivih je treba pri velikosti začetne skupine upoštevati število živali, ki jih je treba žrtvovati ob vsaki časovni točki, ter število časovnih točk, ki jih je treba preveriti.
English: When metabolism is being studied, the group size is related to the needs of the study. For multiple-dose and multiple-time-point studies, the group size should take into account the number of time points and planned sacrifice(s), but may not be smaller than two animals.
Slovenian: V študijah metabolizma je velikost skupine odvisna od potreb študije. študijah z večkratnimi odmerki in večkratnimi časovnimi točkami je treba pri velikosti skupine upoštevati število časovnih točk in načrtovano(a) žrtvovanje(a), ki pa ne sme obsegati manj kot dve živali.
English: Three skin discs are used for each test and control substance. Test substances are applied for 24 hours at 20-23 oC.
Slovenian: Za vsako preskušano snov in kontrolno snov se uporabijo tri kožne ploščice.
English: Thus, before biological testing is considered, a UV/vis absorption spectrum of the test chemical must be determined according to OECD Test Guideline 101. It has been suggested that if the molar extinction/absorption coefficient is less than 10 litre × mol-1 × cm-1 the chemical is unlikely to be photoreactive.
Slovenian: Še preden se začne razmišljati o biološkem preskušanju je zato po Smernici za preskušanje OECD 101 pri preskušani kemikaliji treba določiti absorpcijski spekter UV/vidne svetlobe.. Predlagano je bilo, da kemikalija zelo verjetno ni fotoreaktivna, če je koeficient molarne ekstinkcije/absorpcije manjši od 10 litrov × mol-1 × cm-1.
English: Guidance Document for the Conduct of Skin Absorption Studies.
Slovenian: Napotki za izvajanje študij o absorpciji skozi kožo.
English: Skin from human or animal sources can be used. It is recognised that the use of human skin is subject to national and international ethical considerations and conditions.
Slovenian: Uporablja se lahko človeška ali živalska koža.. Razumljivo je, da se pri uporabi človeške kože upoštevajo nacionalna in mednarodna etična načela in okoliščine.
English: Test vessels and other apparatus that will come into contact with the test solutions should be made entirely of glass or other chemically inert material. Test vessels will normally be glass test tubes or beakers; they should be cleaned before each use using standard laboratory procedures.
Slovenian: Preskusne posode in druge aparature, ki bodo prišle v stik s preskusnimi raztopinami, so v celoti steklene ali iz drugega kemijsko inertnega materiala: Preskusne posode so običajno steklene epruvete ali čaše; pred vsako uporabo jih je treba očistiti s standardnimi laboratorijskimi postopki.
English: C bo
Slovenian: C b0
English: m tx
Slovenian: mt x
English: Prepare a solution in buffer of ≤ 10-2 M Prepare a half-saturated solution in buffer Yes Is the test substance known to be unstable hydrolytically ? No
Slovenian: Pripravimo raztopino v pufru ≤ 10-2 M
English: E=R×ln k2
Slovenian: E=R×lnk2
English: -ln k1
Slovenian: -lnk1
English: The test compound and settled domestic sewage are added, and the mixture is aerated for 23 hours. The aeration is then stopped, the sludge allowed to settle and the supernatant liquor is removed.
Slovenian: Doda se preskusna spojina in usedene gospodinjske odplake, mešanica pa se nato prezračuje 23 ur. Nato se prezračevanje ustavi, blato se pusti, da se usede, supernatanta se odstrani.
English: A high concentration of aerobic microorganisms is used (from 1 to 4 g/litre suspended solids), and the effective detention period is 36 hours. The carbonaceous material in the sewage feed is oxidised extensively, normally within eight hours after the start of each aeration cycle.
Slovenian: Uporabi se visoka koncentracija aerobnih mikroorganizmov (od 1 do 4 g/liter suspendiranih trdnih snovi), učinkovito obdobje zadrževanja pa traja 36 ur. Karbonatni material v hranilih odplak se močno oksidira, običajno v osmih urah po začetku vsakega prezračevalnega cikla.
English: Aeration is started again and continued for 23 hours. The sludge is then allowed to settle for 45 minutes and the supernatant drawn off and analysed for dissolved organic carbon content.
Slovenian: Ponovno se začne prezračevanje, ki traja 23 ur. Blato se potem pusti, da se 45 minut useda, in odvzame se supernatant, ki se ga analizira za raztopljeni organski ogljik.
English: Required measurement precision Loading rate
Slovenian: Zahtevana natančnost merjenja
English: (g/l) Stocking density
Slovenian: Stopnja obremenitve
English: (per litre) Food
Slovenian: (g/l)
English: rainbow trout 12,5-16,0 12-16
Slovenian: Dolžina preskusa
English: It should be of constant quality during the period of the test. The pH should remain within a range of ±0,5 pH units.
Slovenian: V času preskusa mora voda ohranjati konstantno kakovost. pH-vrednost mora ostati v območju ±0,5 pH enote.
English: It should be noted that abnormal embryos and larvae occur naturally and can be of the order of several per cent in the control(s) in some species. Abnormal animals should only be removed from the test vessels on death.
Slovenian: Opozoriti je treba, da so nenormalni embrii in ličinke lahko naraven pojav, in jih je v kontrolah pri nekaterih vrstah lahko več odstotkov. nenormalne živali se odstranijo iz posode šele, ko poginejo.
English: Carolina Tips 32(4): 1-4.
Swedish: Carolina Tips 32(4): 1–4.
Slovenian: Carolina Tips 32(4): 1–4.
English: Sac-fry Hatching success
Slovenian: mladica s hranilni m mešičko m
English: Zebrafish 25 ± 1 —
Slovenian: Brachydanio rerio
English: Cyprinus carpio Common carp
Slovenian: Cyprinus carpio
English: Dose is expressed as mass (μg) of test substance per test animal (μg/bee). The real dose for each bee can not be calculated as the bees are fed collectively, but an average dose can be estimated (totally consumed test substance/number of test bees in one cage).
Slovenian: Odmerek se izraža kot masa (ug) preskusne snovi na preskusno žival (μg/čebelo). dejanskega odmerka na vsako čebelo ni mogoče izračunati, ker se čebele hranijo skupinsko, lahko pa se oceni povprečni odmerek (v celoti zaužita preskusna snov/število preskusnih čebel v eni kletki).
English: They could be collected in the morning of use or in the evening before test and kept under test conditions to the next day. Bees collected from frames without brood are suitable.
Slovenian: Zberemo jih lahko v zjutraj na dan preskusa ali večer pred preskusom in jih imamo pod preskusnimi pogoji do naslednjega dne.Primerne so čebele, ki jih zberemo s satnic brez zaroda.
English: g-1cm3  1/n g-1
Slovenian: g–1cm3  1/n g-1
English: INFORMATION ON THE TEST SUBSTANCE Chemical reagents should be of analytical grade.
Slovenian: INFORMACIJE O PRESKUSNI SNOVI
English: The aqueous phase is recovered as much as possible, and a suitable extraction solvent (extraction coefficient of at least 95 %) is added to the soil to extract the test substance. At least two successive extractions are recommended.
Slovenian: Vodna faza se v čim večji meri rekuperira, tlom pa se za ekstrakcijo preskusne snovi doda primerno ekstrakcijsko topilo (z ekstrakcijskim koeficientom najmanj 95 %).
English: use pattern (e.g. agricultural soil, forest, etc.), depth of sampling,
Slovenian: vrsto rabe (npr. kmetijsko zemljišče, gozd itd.),
English: Dti
Slovenian: Dti %
English: Method for the determination of melting point and/or melting range
Swedish: Method for determination of melting point and/or melting range
English: the cooling temperature is not low enough. In this case liquid nitrogen is used as the cooling agent.
Swedish: nedkylningstemperaturen inte är tillräckligt låg, varvid flytande kväve används som kylmedel;
English: Jitschin. J. Vac.
Swedish: Jitschin, J. Vac.
English: Commercially available tensiometers are adequate for this measurement. They consist of the following elements:
Swedish: Denna mätning kan göras med kommersiellt tillgängliga tensiometrar och består av följande delar:
English: According to its definition the π-method is applicable predominantly for aromatic substitution. π-values for a large number of substituents have been tabulated (b)(c)(d). They are used for the calculation of log Pow for aromatic molecules or substructures.
Swedish: där Pow (PhX) är fördelningskoefficienten av ett aromatiskt derivat och Pow (PhH) är moderföreningens fördelningskoefficient
English: Ther.
Swedish: Chem,.
English: The threaded collar is slipped onto the tube from below, the appropriate orifice plate is inserted and the nut tightened after applying some molybdenum disulphide based lubricant. It is essential to check that none of the substance is trapped between the flange and the plate, or in the threads.
Swedish: Vätskor och geléaktiga ämnen fylls i röret till en höjd av 60 mm varvid försiktighet iakttas med geléaktiga ämnen för att undvika luftbubblor under påfyllning.
English: The burners are located around the test chamber as shown in figure 1. The four burners have a combined consumption of about 3,2 litres of propane per minute.
Swedish: Det är viktigt att kontrollera att inget ämne har fastnat mellan flänsen och plattan eller i gängorna.
English: Alternative fuel gases and burners may be used but the heating rate must be as specified in figure 3. For all apparatus, the heating rate must be checked periodically using tubes filled with dibutyl phthalate as indicated in figure 3.
Swedish: Uppvärmningen sker med propan, som från en industriell cylinder med tryckreglator (60–70 mbar) leds genom en mätare och fördelas jämnt till fyra brännare genom en anslutning (vilket kontrolleras genom visuell inspektion av brännarnas lågor).
English: If a positive event is obtained during these six tests, a further series of six tests must be performed with a 120 N loading. In other apparatus, the sample is compared with the chosen reference substance using an established procedure (e.g. up-and-down technique, etc.).
Swedish: Om en explosion förekommer i ett av dessa sex försök utförs en ny serie med sex försök med en belastning av 120 N. I andra apparater jämförs proven med det valda referensämnet med hjälp av ett fastställt förfarande (t.ex. up- and down-teknik).
English: End-group analysis To use this method, knowledge of both the overall structure of the polymer and the nature of the chain terminating end groups is needed (which must be distinguishable from the main skeleton by, e.g. NMR or titration/derivatisation).
Swedish: Ändgruppanalys
English: Examples of results [18] Substance [19]
Swedish: Ämne [18]
English: (See the Humane Endpoint Guidance Document (8) for more details). 1.3. PRINCIPLE OF THE TEST METHOD
Swedish: LD50-värdet uttrycks som vikten testämne per viktenhet försöksdjur (mg/kg).
English: Clinical signs and conditions associated with pain, suffering, and impending death, are described in detail in a separate OECD Guidance Document (8). Further groups of animals may be dosed at higher or lower fixed doses, depending on the presence or absence of signs of toxicity or mortality.
Swedish: Förutsägbar död: Förekomsten av kliniska tecken som tyder på död vid en känd framtida tidpunkt som infaller före försökets planerade avslutningstidpunkt, exempelvis oförmåga att nå vatten eller föda (närmare uppgifter finns i vägledningen om konsekvenserna för människors hälsa, se hänvisning 8).
English: British Toxicology Society Working Party on Toxicity (1984) Special report: a new approach to the classification of substances and preparations on the basis of their acute toxicity. Human Toxicol., 3, p. 85-92.
Swedish: British Toxicology Society Working Party on Toxicity (1984), ”Special report: a new approach to the classification of substances and preparations on the basis of their acute toxicity”, Human Toxicol., 3, 85–92.
English: Fd. Chem. Toxicol.
Swedish: Springer och R.C. Myers (1995), ”Comparison of the Up-and-Down, Conventional LD50, and Fixed-Dose Acute Toxicity Procedures”, Fd. Chem.
English: Whitehead, A. and Curnow, R.N (1992) Statistical evaluation of the fixed-dose procedure. Fd. Chem.
Swedish: Whitehead och R.N. Curnow (1992), ”Statistical evaluation of the fixed-dose procedure”, Fd.
English: Stallard, N. and Whitehead, A (1995) Reducing numbers in the fixed-dose procedure. Human Exptl. Toxicol. 14, p. 315-323.
Swedish: Stallard och A. Whitehead (1995), ”Reducing numbers in the fixed-dose procedure”, Human Exptl.Toxicol., 14, 315–323.
English: OECD (2001) Guidance Document on Acute Oral Toxicity Testing. Environmental Health and Safety Monograph Series on Testing and Assessment No 24. Paris
Swedish: OECD (2001), ”Guidance Document on Acute Oral Toxicity Testing”, Environmental Health and SafetyMonograph Series on Testing and Assessment, 24, Paris.
English: OECD (2000) Guidance Document on the Recognition, Assessment and Use of Clinical Signs as Humane Endpoints for Experimental Animals Used in Safety Evaluation. Environmental Health and Safety Monograph Series on Testing and Assesment No 19.
Swedish: OECD (2000), ”Guidance Document on the Recognition”, Assessment and Use of Clinical Signs as Humane Endpoints for Experimental Animals Used in Safety Evaluation, Environmental Health and SafetyMonograph Series on Testing and Assesment, 19.
English: Edition. A.W.
Swedish: A.W.
English: Diener W., Sichha L., Mischke U., Kayser D. and Schlede E (1994) The Biometric Evaluation of the Acute-Toxic-Class Method (Oral). Arch.
Swedish: Diener W., Sichha L., Mischke U., Kayser D. and Schlede E. (1994), The Biometric Evaluation of the Acute-Toxic-Class Method (Oral), Arch.
English: OECD (2000). Guidance Document on the Recognition, Assessment and Use of Clinical Signs as Humane Endpoints for Experimental Animals Used in Safety Evaluation.
Swedish: OECD (2000), Guidance Document on the Recognition, Assessment and Use of Clinical Signs as Humane Endpoints for Experimental Animals Used in Safety Evaluation.
English: EPA (1990). Atlas of Dermal Lesions, (20T-2004).
Swedish: EPA (1990), Atlas of Dermal Lesions, (20T-2004).
English: This approach represents both best practice and an ethical benchmark for in vivo testing for skin irritation/corrosion. The testing method provides guidance for the conduct of the in vivo test and summarises the factors that should be addressed before initiating such a test.
Swedish: BESKRIVNING AV UTVÄRDERINGS- OCH TESTNINGSSTRATEGIN
English: It also recommends the performance of validated and accepted in vitro or ex vivo tests for skin corrosion/irritation under specific circumstances. DESCRIPTION OF THE EVALUATION AND TESTING STRATEGY
Swedish: Alla relevanta data om det berörda ämnets (eller analoga ämnens) verkningar bör utvärderas genom beslut som grundas på en weight-of-the-evidence-analys, och en motivering för beslutet bör anges.
English: Prior to undertaking tests as part of the sequential testing strategy (Figure), all available information should be evaluated to determine the need for in vivo skin testing. Although significant information might be gained from the evaluation of single parameters (e.g. extreme pH), the totality of existing information should be considered.
Swedish: Huvudvikten bör läggas vid existerande data om ämnet (både i fråga om människor och djur).
English: Primary emphasis should be placed upon existing human and animal data on the substance, followed by the outcome of in vitro or ex vivo testing. In vivo studies of corrosive substances should be avoided whenever possible. The factors considered in the testing strategy include:
Swedish: Till de faktorer som bör beaktas inom ramen för testningsstrategin hör följande:
English: Animal, Human, and In Vitro Test Methods for Predicting Skin Irritation, in: Francis N. Marzulli and Howard I. Maibach (editors): Dermatotoxicology. Fifth Edition ISBN 1-56032-356-6, Chapter 31, p. 411-436.
Swedish: Maibach (1996), ”Animal, Human, and In Vitro Test Methods for Predicting Skin Irritation”, Francis N. Marzulli och Howard I. Maibach (red.), Dermatotoxicology, femte utgåvan ISBN 1-56032-356-6, kapitel 31, 411–436.
English: OECD, (1996) OECD Test Guidelines Programme: Final Report of the OECD Workshop on Harmonisation of Validation and Acceptance Criteria for Alternative Toxicological Test Methods. Held in Solna, Sweden, 22-24 January 1996 (http://www.oecd.org/ehs/test/background.htm).
Swedish: OECD (1996), OECD Test Guidelines Programme: Final Report of the OECD Workshop on Harmonization of Validation and Acceptance Criteria for Alternative Toxicological Test Methods, Solna, Sverige, den 22–24 januari 1996 (http://www.oecd.org/ehs/test/background.htm).
English: OECD, (2000) Guidance Document on the Recognition, Assessment and Use of Clinical Signs as Humane Endpoints for Experimental Animals Used in Safety Evaluation. OECD Environmental Health and Safety Publications.
Swedish: OECD (2000), Guidance Document on the Recognition, Assessment and Use of Clinical Signs as Humane Endpoints for Experimental Animals Used in Safety Evaluation, OECD Environmental Health and Safety Publications, Series on Testing and Assessment, No.
English: OECD, (1996) OECD Test Guidelines Programme: Final Report of the OECD Workshop on Harmonisation of Validation and Acceptance Criteria for Alternative Toxicological Test Methods. Held in Solna, Sweden, 22-24 January 1996 (http://www.oecd.org/ehs/test/background.htm).
Swedish: OECD (1996), OECD Test Guidelines Programme: Final Report of the OECD Workshop on Harmonization of Validation and Acceptance Criteria for Alternative Toxicological Test Methods, Solna, Sverige, den 22–24 januari 1996 (http://www1.oecd.org/ehs/test/background.htm).
English: Worth, A.P. and Fentem J.H., (1999). A General Approach for Evaluating Stepwise Testing Strategies.
Swedish: Worth och J.H.