FrancophonIA/DGT-Translation_Memory huggingface dataset:
English: Captive use restrictions as defined may be necessary to encourage the dissemination of technology, particularly between competitors, and are covered by the block exemption. Such restrictions are also dealt with in section IV.2.5 below.
Greek: Οι κατά τα ανωτέρω οριζόμενοι περιορισμοί δέσμιας χρήσης ενδέχεται να είναι απαραίτητοι για να ενθαρρυνθεί η διάδοση της τεχνολογίας, ιδίως μεταξύ ανταγωνιστών, και καλύπτονται από την απαλλαγή κατά κατηγορία.
Estonian: Litsentsisaaja peab siiski tohtima müüa komponente oma toodetele varuosadena ning seega varustada kolmandaid osapooli, et need saaksid teostada tema toodete müügijärgset teenindust.
English: It is thus a condition for the application of Article 4(1)(c)(vii) that the licence is limited to creating an alternative source of supply for that particular customer. It is not a condition, however, that only one such licence is granted. Article 4(1)(c)(vii) also covers situations where more than one undertaking is licensed to supply the same specified customer.
Greek: Επομένως, προϋπόθεση για την εφαρμογή του άρθρου 4 παράγραφος 1 στοιχείο γ) σημείο vii) είναι η άδεια να περιορίζεται στη δημιουργία εναλλακτικής πηγής προμήθειας για αυτόν το συγκεκριμένο πελάτη.
English: The potential of such agreements to share markets is limited where the licence is granted only for the purpose of supplying a particular customer. In particular, in such circumstances it cannot be assumed that the agreement will cause the licensee to cease exploiting his own technology.
Greek: Πάντως, δεν είναι απαραίτητο να χορηγείται μια μόνον άδεια αυτού του είδους.
Polish: W przypadku gdy licencja udzielona jest tylko w celu zaopatrywania konkretnego klienta, zdolność takich porozumień do podziału rynku jest ograniczona Nie można bowiem wtedy uznać, że porozumienie skłoni licencjobiorcę do zaprzestania korzystania z własnej technologii.
English: Both parties must be free to carry out independent research and development. This rule applies irrespective of whether the restriction applies to a field covered by the licence or to other fields.
Greek: Οι πιθανότητες κατανομής των αγορών μέσω τέτοιων συμφωνιών είναι περιορισμένες όταν η άδεια εκμετάλλευσης χορηγείται μόνο για σκοπούς προμήθειας συγκεκριμένου πελάτη.
English: However, the mere fact that the parties agree to provide each other with future improvements of their respective technologies does not amount to a restriction on independent research and development. The effect on competition of such agreements must be assessed in light of the circumstances of the individual case.
Greek: Ειδικότερα, σε τέτοιες περιπτώσεις δεν τεκμαίρεται ότι η συμφωνία θα αναγκάσει τον δικαιοδόχο να σταματήσει να εκμεταλλεύεται τη δική του τεχνολογία.
English: However, the fixing of selling prices can also be achieved through indirect means. Examples of the latter are agreements fixing the margin, fixing the maximum level of discounts, linking the sales price to the sales prices of competitors, threats, intimidation, warnings, penalties, or contract terminations in relation to observance of a given price level.
French: Toutefois, des prix de vente peuvent également être fixés de façon indirecte, par exemple par des accords déterminant la marge, fixant le niveau maximal des rabais ou liant le prix de vente aux prix de vente des concurrents, ou encore par des menaces, de l'intimidation, des avertissements, des amendes ou la résiliation du contrat si un niveau de prix donné n'est pas respecté.
Portuguese: Contudo, os preços de venda podem igualmente ser fixados de forma indirecta, por exemplo através de acordos que fixam a margem, o nível máximo de redução autorizado num nível de preço acordado ou que associa o preço de revenda imposto aos preços de venda de concorrentes, ou ainda através de ameaças, de intimidações, de avisos, de multas ou da rescisão do contrato caso um determinado nível de preço não seja respeitado.
Greek: Ωστόσο, ο καθορισμός των τιμών πώλησης μπορεί επίσης να επιτευχθεί με έμμεσους τρόπους, όπως ο καθορισμός του περιθωρίου κέρδους, ο καθορισμός του ανώτατου επιπέδου εκπτώσεων, η σύνδεση της τιμής πώλησης με τις τιμές πώλησης των ανταγωνιστών, οι απειλές, ο εκφοβισμός, οι προειδοποιήσεις, οι κυρώσεις ή οι καταγγελίες συμβάσεων που σχετίζονται με την τήρηση ενός ορισμένου επιπέδου τιμών.
Slovak: Určenie predajných cien však možno dosiahnuť aj nepriamymi prostriedkami, napríklad dohodami určujúcimi maržu, určujúcimi maximálnu úroveň zliav alebo spájajúcimi predajnú cenu s predajnými cenami konkurentov alebo tiež hrozbami, zastrašovaním, výstrahami, sankciami alebo ukončením zmluvy v súvislosti s dodržiavaním danej cenovej úrovne.
English: The licensee must however be able to actively and passively sell the products as spare parts for his own products and must thus be able to supply third parties that perform after sale services on these products. Captive use restrictions are also dealt with in section IV.2.5 below.
Greek: Ωστόσο, ο δικαιοδόχος πρέπει να μπορεί να πωλεί ενεργητικά και παθητικά τα προϊόντα ως ανταλλακτικά για δικά του προϊόντα και, συνεπώς, πρέπει να μπορεί να τα προμηθεύει σε τρίτους που παρέχουν εξυπηρέτηση μετά την πώληση για τα προϊόντα αυτά.
English: Above this threshold significant foreclosure is likely to occur when there are relatively high barriers to entry for new licensees. If barriers to entry are low, new licensees are able to enter the market and exploit commercially attractive technologies held by third parties and thus represent a real alternative to incumbent licensees.
Greek: Αν οι φραγμοί εισόδου είναι χαμηλοί, οι νέοι δικαιοδόχοι μπορούν να εισέλθουν στην αγορά και να εκμεταλλευθούν εμπορικά συμφέρουσες τεχνολογίες που κατέχουν τρίτοι και έτσι μπορούν να αποτελέσουν πραγματική εναλλακτική λύση έναντι των ήδη υφιστάμενων δικαιοδόχων.
English: In order to maintain equal conditions of competition and to ensure a uniform application of the EEA competition rules throughout the European Economic Area, the Authority adopts the present notice under the power conferred upon it by Article 5(2)(b) of the Surveillance and Court Agreement. The Authority intends to follow the principles and rules laid down in this notice when applying the relevant EEA rules to a particular case. [2]
Spanish: Con objeto de mantener las mismas condiciones de competencia y de garantizar la aplicación uniforme de las normas de competencia del EEE en todo el Espacio Económico Europeo, el Órgano de Vigilancia adopta la presente Comunicación en virtud de la facultad que le confiere el artículo 5, apartado 2, letra b), del Acuerdo de Vigilancia y Jurisdicción y se propone seguir los principios y normas establecidos en la misma cuando aplique las normas de competencia del EEE a un caso particular [2].
Portuguese: Para garantir condições equitativas de concorrência e assegurar a aplicação uniforme das regras de concorrência do EEE em todo o Espaço Económico Europeu, o Órgão de Fiscalização adopta a presente comunicação ao abrigo dos poderes que lhe são conferidos pelo n.o 2, alínea b), do artigo 5.o do Acordo relativo ao Órgão de Fiscalização e ao Tribunal e tenciona seguir os princípios e as regras estabelecidos na presente comunicação ao aplicar as regras relevantes do EEE a um processo específico [2].
English: The assessment of whether or not an agreement has as its object a restriction of competition is based on a number of factors. These factors include, in particular, the content of the agreement and the objective aims pursued by it.
Spanish: Para determinar si un acuerdo tiene por objeto restringir la competencia se tienen en cuenta varios factores, especialmente el contenido del acuerdo y los fines objetivos del mismo.
English: In the context of licensing it must also be taken into account that licensees are selling their own product. They are not re-selling a product supplied by another undertaking.
Spanish: En el contexto de las licencias, también hay que tener en cuenta que los licenciatarios venden su propio producto; no revenden un producto que les suministra otra empresa.
Portuguese: No contexto da concessão de licenças, é necessário ter igualmente em conta o facto de os licenciados venderem o seu próprio produto e não revenderem um produto fornecido por uma outra empresa.
Polish: W kontekście udzielania licencji uwzględnić należy również fakt, że licencjobiorcy sprzedają swój własny produkt, a nie odsprzedają produktu dostarczonego przez inne przedsiębiorstwo.
English: Company A is specialised in developing bio-technological products and techniques and has developed a new product Xeran. It is not active as a producer of Xeran, for which it has neither the production nor the distribution facilities. Company B is one of the producers of competing products, produced with freely available non-proprietary technologies. In year one, B was selling EUR 25 million worth of products produced with the freely available technologies. In year two, A gives a licence to B to produce Xeran.
Spanish: En el año 2, A concede a B una licencia para la producción de Xeran.
Hungarian: A 2. évben A. hasznosítási engedélyt ad B.-nek a Xeran előállítása céljából.
Latvian: 2. gadā A izsniedz licenci B Xeran ražošanai.
English: In year three B’s market share is 15 % because its sales have increased to EUR 30 million in year two. In year four and thereafter B’s market share is 20 % as its sales are EUR 40 million annually. C’s market share on the product market is 0 % in year one and two, 5 % in year three and 7,5 % thereafter.
Spanish: En el año 3, la cuota de mercado de B es del 15 %, al haber crecido sus ventas en el año 2 hasta alcanzar los 30 millones EUR. En el año 4 y siguientes, la cuota de mercado de B es del 20 % porque su volumen de ventas anual es de 40 millones EUR. La cuota de mercado de C en el mercado de productos en cuestión es del 0 % en los años 1 y 2, del 5 % en el año 3 y del 7,5 % en adelante.
Slovenian: Tretje leto je tržni delež B 15 %, saj so se njeni prihodki od prodaje v drugem letu povečali na 30 milijonov EUR. Četrto leto in pozneje znaša tržni delež B 20 %, ker njeni letni prihodki od prodaje znašajo 40 milijonov EUR. Tržni delež C na proizvodnem trgu je 0 % prvo in drugo leto, 2,5 % tretje leto in 7,5 % naslednja leta.
Lithuanian: Trečiaisiais metais B bendrovės rinkos dalis sudarė 15 %, nes jos pardavimo apimtis antraisiais metais padidėjo iki 30 mln. EUR. Ketvirtaisiais ir vėlesniais metais B bendrovės rinkos dalis sudarė 20 %, nes jos pardavimo apimtis kasmet sudarė 40 mln. EUR. C bendrovės rinkos dalis produkto rinkoje pirmaisiais metais buvo 0 %, antraisiais metais – 2, 5 %, trečiaisiais ir vėlesniais metais – 7,5 %.
English: Article 4(1)(c)(v) excludes from the hardcore list and thus block exempts up to the market share threshold restrictions in a non-reciprocal agreement on active sales by a licensee into the territory or to the customer group allocated by the licensor to another licensee. It is a condition, however, that the protected licensee was not a competitor of the licensor when the agreement was concluded.
Spanish: El artículo 4, apartado 1, letra c), inciso v), excluye de la lista de restricciones especialmente graves y, por consiguiente, exime hasta el umbral de cuota de mercado la restricción en un acuerdo no recíproco de las ventas activas de un licenciatario en el territorio o al grupo de clientes asignado por el licenciante a otro licenciatario, a condición, no obstante, de que el licenciatario protegido no fuese un competidor del licenciante en la fecha de conclusión de su propio acuerdo de licencia con el licenciante.
Lithuanian: Pagal 4 straipsnio 1 dalies c punkto v papunktį griežtiems apribojimams nepriskiriami ir į bendrąją išimtį įtraukiami neabipusiame susitarime nustatyti licencijos gavėjo aktyvaus pardavimo apribojimai, neviršijantys nustatytos rinkos dalies ribos, toje teritorijoje arba tai pirkėjų grupei, kurias licencijos išdavėjas priskyrė kitam licencijos gavėjui, tačiau tik tuo atveju, jei saugomas licencijos gavėjas susitarimo sudarymo metu nebuvo licencijos išdavėjo konkurentas.
English: When restrictions are imposed on the licensee’s use of his own technology or to carry out research and development, the competitiveness of the licensee’s technology is reduced. The effect of this is to reduce competition on existing product and technology markets and to reduce the licensee’s incentive to invest in the development and improvement of his technology.
Spanish: Cuando se imponen restricciones de la libertad del licenciatario para utilizar su propia tecnología o realizar actividades de investigación y desarrollo, se reduce la competitividad de la tecnología del licenciatario, con lo cual se restringe la competencia en los mercados de productos y tecnologías existentes y se reducen los incentivos que tiene el licenciatario para invertir en el desarrollo y perfeccionamiento de su tecnología.
Portuguese: Quando são impostas restrições ao licenciado no que respeita à utilização da sua própria tecnologia ou à sua liberdade de efectuar investigação e desenvolvimento, a competitividade da tecnologia do licenciado é reduzida, o que limita a concorrência nos mercados do produto e da tecnologia existentes e reduz o incentivo que o licenciado teria de investir no desenvolvimento e melhoria da sua tecnologia.
English: Technology transfer agreements may reduce inter-technology competition, i.e. competition between undertakings that license or produce on the basis of substitutable technologies. This is particularly so where reciprocal obligations are imposed.
Spanish: Los acuerdos de transferencia de tecnología pueden restringir la competencia intertecnologías, es decir, la competencia entre las empresas que conceden licencias de tecnologías sustituibles o fabrican con tecnologías sustituibles, especialmente cuando se imponen obligaciones recíprocas.
Lithuanian: Technologijų perdavimo susitarimai gali sumažinti skirtingų technologijų konkurenciją, t. y. įmonių, kurios išduoda pakeičiamų technologijų licencijas arba gamyboje naudoja pakeičiamas technologijas, konkurenciją.
English: In particular, the treatment of licensees should not depend on whether they are licensors or not. The EFTA Surveillance Authority will therefore take into account whether licensors are also subject to royalty obligations.
Spanish: En especial, el trato a los licenciatarios no debería depender de si son licenciantes o no. Por lo tanto, el Órgano de Vigilancia de la AELC tendrá en cuenta si los licenciantes están también sujetos a la obligación de pago de cánones.
English: The competence to handle individual cases falling under Articles 53 and 54 of the EEA Agreement, is divided between the EFTA Surveillance Authority and the Commission according to the rules laid down in Article 56 of the EEA Agreement. Only one of the surveillance authorities is competent to handle any given case.
Spanish: La competencia para decidir en casos particulares que entran en el ámbito de aplicación de los artículos 53 y 54 del Acuerdo EEE la comparten el Órgano de Vigilancia de la AELC y la Comisión Europea, de acuerdo con las normas contempladas en el artículo 56 del Acuerdo EEE, si bien solo uno de ambos órganos de vigilancia es competente para decidir en cada caso concreto.
English: The term “technology” is not limited to patents. It covers also patent applications and intellectual property rights other than patents.
Spanish: El término «tecnología» no se limita a las patentes; también abarca las solicitudes de patente y los derechos de propiedad intelectual distintos de las patentes.
Italian: Il termine “tecnologia” non si riferisce solo ai brevetti, ma anche alle applicazioni dei brevetti e ai diritti di proprietà di beni immateriali diversi dai brevetti.
Lithuanian: Sąvoka „technologija“ aprėpia ne tik patentus, bet ir patentų paraiškas bei kitas intelektinės nuosavybės teises.
English: Kurt Jäger
Estonian: kolleegiumi liige
Latvian: Kolēģijas loceklis
Lithuanian: Kolegijos narys
English: Moreover, given the anti-competitive potential of the restraint the licensee may have little incentive to produce under his own technology. Such restrictions are also highly unlikely to be indispensable for pro-competitive licensing to occur. 86. Under Article 4(1)(c)(ii) it is not a hardcore restriction for the licensor in a non-reciprocal agreement to grant the licensee an exclusive licence to produce on the basis of the licensed technology in a particular territory and thus agree not to produce himself the contract products in or provide the contract products from that territory. Such exclusive licences are block exempted irrespective of the scope of the territory.
Estonian: Kui litsentsisaaja on end varustanud litsentsiandja tehnoloogia kasutamiseks konkreetse toote tootmiseks, võib olla kulukas säilitada piirangutega hõlmatud klientide teenindamiseks muud tehnoloogiat kasutavat eraldi tootmisliini.
English: If the licence is world-wide, the exclusivity implies that the licensor abstains from entering or remaining on the market. The block exemption also applies where the licence is limited to one or more technical fields of use or one or more product markets.
Estonian: Pealegi võib litsentsisaajal, arvestades piirangu konkurentsivastast potentsiaali, olla vähe huvi oma toota oma tehnoloogia alusel.
English: Article 4(1)(c)(vi) contains a further exception, namely captive use restrictions, i.e. a requirement whereby the licensee may produce the products incorporating the licensed technology only for his own use. Where the contract product is a component the licensee can thus be obliged to produce that component only for incorporation into his own products and can be obliged not to sell the components to other producers.
Estonian: Artikli 4 lõike 1 punkti c alapunktis ii on veel üks erand, nimelt oma tarbeks kasutamise piirangud, s.t nõue, mille kohaselt litsentsisaaja võib toota litsentsitavat tehnoloogiat sisaldavaid tooteid ainult oma tarbeks.
English: Article 4(1)(c)(vii) also covers situations where more than one undertaking is licensed to supply the same specified customer. The potential of such agreements to share markets is limited where the licence is granted only for the purpose of supplying a particular customer. In particular, in such circumstances it cannot be assumed that the agreement will cause the licensee to cease exploiting his own technology.
Estonian: Ja lõpuks välistatakse artikli 4 lõike 1 punkti c alapunktiga vii raskekujuliste konkurentsipiirangute nimekirjast mittevastastikuse lepinguga litsentsisaaja kohustus toota lepingulisi tooteid ainult konkreetsele kliendile, eesmärgiga luua talle alternatiivne tarneallikas.
English: The hardcore restriction of competition set out in Article 4(1)(d) covers firstly restrictions on any of the parties’ ability to carry out research and development. Both parties must be free to carry out independent research and development.
Estonian: Seega on artikli 4 lõike 1 punkti c alapunkti vii kohaldamise tingimuseks, et litsents piirduks alternatiivse tarneallika loomisega sellele konkreetsele kliendile.
English: This rule applies irrespective of whether the restriction applies to a field covered by the licence or to other fields. However, the mere fact that the parties agree to provide each other with future improvements of their respective technologies does not amount to a restriction on independent research and development. The effect on competition of such agreements must be assessed in light of the circumstances of the individual case.
Estonian: Tingimuseks ei ole siiski ainult ühe sellise litsentsi andmine.
English: The aim of Article 53 of the EEA Agreement as a whole is to protect competition on the market with a view to promoting consumer welfare and an efficient allocation of resources. Article 53(1) prohibits all agreements and concerted practices between undertakings and decisions by associations of undertakings [7] which may affect trade between Contracting Parties to the EEA Agreement (hereafter “EEA States”) [8] and which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition [9].
Finnish: ETA-sopimuksen 53 artiklan yleisenä tavoitteena on suojella markkinoilla käytävää kilpailua kuluttajien hyvinvoinnin edistämiseksi ja voimavarojen kohdentamiseksi tehokkaasti.
English: Licence agreements, however, also have substantial pro-competitive potential. Indeed, the vast majority of licence agreements are pro-competitive.
Finnish: Lisenssisopimuksilla voidaan kuitenkin myös merkittävästi edistää kilpailua, ja suurimmalla osalla lisenssisopimuksista onkin kilpailua edistäviä vaikutuksia.
English: In particular, the mere fact that the market shares of the parties exceed the market share thresholds set out in Article 3 of the TTBER is not a sufficient basis for finding that the agreement is caught by Article 53(1). Individual assessment of the likely effects of the agreement is required.
Portuguese: Em especial o simples facto de as quotas de mercado das partes ultrapassarem os limiares de quotas de mercado estabelecidos no artigo 3.o do RICTT não constitui uma base suficiente para concluir que o acordo é abrangido pelo n.o 1 do artigo 53.o É necessária uma apreciação individual dos prováveis efeitos do acordo.
Finnish: Etenkään yksinomaan se, että sopimuspuolten markkinaosuudet ylittävät TSRPA:n 3 artiklassa asetetut markkinaosuusrajat, ei riitä perusteeksi sen toteamiselle, että sopimus kuuluu 53 artiklan 1 kohdan piiriin, vaan sopimuksen todennäköiset vaikutukset on arvioitava erikseen.
English: The TTBER covers agreements between two undertakings concerning the licensing of technology for the purpose of the production of contract products. However, technology can also be an element of other types of agreements.
Finnish: TSRPA kattaa kahden yrityksen väliset sopimukset, jotka koskevat teknologian lisensointia sopimustuotteiden tuotantoa varten.
English: It is not a condition, however, that only one such licence is granted. Article 4(1)(c)(vii) also covers situations where more than one undertaking is licensed to supply the same specified customer.
Finnish: Kyseisen alakohdan soveltaminen ei kuitenkaan edellytä, että lisenssejä myönnetään vain yksi, vaan sen soveltamisalaan kuuluvat myös tapaukset, joissa useammalle kuin yhdelle yritykselle myönnetään lisenssi saman asiakkaan hankintalähteenä toimimiseen.
English: However, the block exemption does cover non-exclusive grant back obligations in respect of severable improvements. This is so even where the grant back obligation is non-reciprocal, i.e. only imposed on the licensee, and where under the agreement the licensor is entitled to feed on the severable improvements to other licensees.
French: L'exemption par catégorie couvre toutefois les obligations de rétrocession non exclusives concernant les améliorations dissociables, même lorsque l'obligation de rétrocession est non réciproque, c'est-à-dire qu'elle n'est imposée qu'au preneur et lorsque, en vertu de l'accord, le donneur est autorisé à communiquer les améliorations dissociables à d'autres preneurs.
Italian: Tuttavia, l’esenzione per categoria copre gli obblighi di retrocessione non esclusiva relativi ai perfezionamenti separabili e ciò anche nel caso si tratti di obblighi di retrocessione non reciproci, ossia imposti solo al licenziatario, e nel caso il licenziante abbia diritto a trasferire i perfezionamenti separabili ad altri licenziatari.
Finnish: Ryhmäpoikkeus kattaa kuitenkin selvästi eroteltavissa olevien parannusten takaisinluovutusta koskevat velvollisuudet, joihin ei sisälly yksinoikeutta, myös silloin, kun takaisinluovutusta koskeva vaatimus ei ole vastavuoroinen eli se on asetettu vain lisenssinsaajalle, sekä silloin, kun lisenssinantajalla on sopimuksen mukaan oikeus jakaa eroteltavissa olevat parannukset edelleen muille lisenssinsaajille.
Lithuanian: Tačiau bendroji išimtis yra taikoma neišimtiniams atsakomojo suteikimo įsipareigojimams, susijusiems su atskiriamais patobulinimais, net ir tais atvejais, kai atsakomojo suteikimo įsipareigojimas nėra abipusis, t. y. nustatomas tik licencijos gavėjui, ir kai pagal susitarimą licencijos išdavėjas turi teisę perduoti atskiriamus patobulinimus kitiems licencijų gavėjams.