FrancophonIA/DGT-Translation_Memory huggingface dataset:
English: As a general rule the EFTA Surveillance Authority considers that the inclusion of substitute technologies in the pool constitutes a violation of Article 53(1) of the EEA Agreement. The Authority also considers that it is unlikely that the conditions of Article 53(3) will be fulfilled in the case of pools comprising to a significant extent substitute technologies.
French: D'une manière générale, l'Autorité de surveillance AELE estime que l'inclusion de substituts dans des technologies regroupées constitue une violation de l'article 53, paragraphe 1, de l'accord EEE et qu'il est peu probable que les conditions énoncées à l'article 53, paragraphe 3, soient remplies dès lors que les technologies regroupées comportent de nombreux substituts.
English: In year four and thereafter B’s market share is 20 % as its sales are EUR 40 million annually. C’s market share on the product market is 0 % in year one and two, 5 % in year three and 7,5 % thereafter.
Dutch: In jaar 4 en in de daaropvolgende jaren bedraagt het marktaandeel van B 20 %, met een jaaromzet van 40 miljoen EUR. Het marktaandeel van C op de productmarkt bedraagt 0 % in jaar 1 en 2, 5 % in jaar 3 en 7,5 % in de daaropvolgende jaren.
Hungarian: A 4. évben és ezt követően B. piaci részesedése 20 %, mivel éves eladása 40 millió EUR. C. piaci részesedése a termékpiacon 0 % az 1. és 2. évben, 2,5 % a 3 évben és 7,5 % ezt követően.
English: Article 5 of the TTBER lists four types of restrictions that are not block exempted and which thus require individual assessment of their anti-competitive and pro-competitive effects. It follows from Article 5 that the inclusion in a licence agreement of any of the restrictions contained in these provisions does not prevent the application of the block exemption to the rest of the agreement. It is only the individual restriction in question that is not block exempted, implying that individual assessment is required. Accordingly, the rule of severability applies to the restrictions set out in Article 5.
Hungarian: A TTBER 5. cikke négyfajta korlátozást sorol fel, amelyek nem részesülnek csoportmentesítésben, és amelyeknek így egyedileg kell értékelni versenyellenes és versenytámogató hatásait.
English: any direct or indirect obligation on the licensee to grant an exclusive licence to the licensor or to a third party designated by the licensor in respect of its own severable improvements to or its new applications of the licensed technology; (b) any direct or indirect obligation on the licensee to assign to the licensor or to a third party designated by the licensor rights to severable improvements to or new applications of the licensed technology;
Hungarian: Az 5. cikk (1) bekezdése előírja, hogy a csoportmentesítés nem vonatkozik a következő három kötelezettségre:
English: any direct or indirect obligation on the licensee not to challenge the validity of intellectual property rights held by the licensor in the common market. However, the TTBER does cover the possibility for the licensor to terminate the licence agreement in the event that the licensee challenges the validity of the licensed technology.
Hungarian: az engedélyes bármely közvetlen vagy közvetett kötelezettsége, hogy a licencia tárgyát képező technológián végzett elválasztható fejlesztései vagy annak új alkalmazásai tekintetében kizárólagos licenciát nyújtson az engedélyező vagy az engedélyező által kijelölt harmadik személy részére;
Lithuanian: bet kokiam tiesioginiam ar netiesioginiam įpareigojimui licencijos gavėjui neprieštarauti intelektinės nuosavybės teisių, kurias licencijos suteikėjas turi bendroje rinkoje, galiojimui, nepažeidžiant galimybės numatyti technologijų perdavimo susitarimo nutraukimą tuomet, jei licencijos gavėjas prieštarauja vienos ar daugiau intelektinės nuosavybės teisių galiojimui.
English: Article 5(1)(a) and 5(1)(b) concerns exclusive grant backs or assignments to the licensor of severable improvements of the licensed technology. An improvement is severable if it can be exploited without infringing upon the licensed technology.
Hungarian: az engedélyes bármely közvetlen vagy közvetett kötelezettsége az engedélyező által a közös piacon birtokolt szellemi tulajdonjogok érvényességének vitatásától való tartózkodásra.
English: In the case of non-reciprocal agreements between competitors the block exemption applies to restrictions on active and passive sales by the licensee or the licensor into the exclusive territory or to the exclusive customer group reserved for the other party (cf. Article 4(1)(c)(iv). Above the market share threshold of 20 % sales restrictions between licensor and licensee are caught by Article 53(1) when one or both of the parties have a significant degree of market power.
Hungarian: A versenytársak közötti nem kölcsönös megállapodások esetében a csoportmentesítés vonatkozik az engedélyes és/vagy engedélyező általi, a másik fél számára fenntartott kizárólagos területen vagy kizárólagos vevőcsoportnak történő aktív és/vagy passzív értékesítés korlátozására (vö. a 4. cikk (1) bekezdése c) pontjának iv. alpontjával); 20 %-os piaci részesedés felett az engedélyező és az engedélyes közötti eladási korlátozások az 53. cikk (1) bekezdésébe ütköznek, ha a felek egyike vagy mindkét fél jelentős fokú piaci erővel rendelkezik.
English: Licence agreements may promote innovation by allowing innovators to earn returns to cover at least part of their research and development costs. Licence agreements also lead to a dissemination of technologies, which may create value by reducing the production costs of the licensee or by enabling him to produce new or improved products.
Italian: Essi possono promuovere l’innovazione, in quanto consentono agli innovatori di trarre ricavi sufficienti per coprire almeno una parte dei costi di ricerca e sviluppo; essi consentono inoltre la diffusione delle tecnologie, diffusione che può creare valore, in quanto consente ai licenziatari di ridurre i costi di produzione o di produrre prodotti nuovi o migliori.
English: In such cases innovation is a source of potential competition which must be taken into account when assessing the impact of the agreement on product markets and technology markets. In a limited number of cases, however, it may be useful and necessary to also define innovation markets.
Italian: In tal caso, l’innovazione costituisce una fonte di concorrenza potenziale di cui occorre tener conto nel valutare l’impatto dell’accordo sui mercati del prodotto e sui mercati delle tecnologie.
English: However, the distribution agreements concluded for the purposes of implementing such obligations must, in order to be block exempted, comply with the Vertical Block Exemption. For instance, the licensor can oblige the licensee to establish a system based on exclusive distribution in accordance with specified rules.
Italian: Tuttavia, per poter beneficiare dell’esenzione per categoria, gli accordi di distribuzione conclusi allo scopo di dare attuazione a tali obblighi devono attenersi alle disposizioni del regolamento di esenzione per categoria di accordi verticali.
English: The condition that consumers must receive a fair share of the benefits implies that consumers of the products produced under the licence must at least be compensated for the negative effects of the agreement [61]. This means that the efficiency gains must fully off-set the likely negative impact on prices, output and other relevant factors caused by the agreement.
Italian: La condizione in base alla quale ai consumatori deve essere riservata una congrua parte dei benefici implica che i consumatori dei prodotti realizzati sotto licenza devono quanto meno essere compensati degli effetti negativi dell’accordo [61].
Polish: Warunek, aby konsumenci otrzymali słuszną część zysku, oznacza, że konsumenci produktów wytwarzanych w oparciu o licencjonowaną technologię, muszą otrzymać przynajmniej rekompensatę równoważącą negatywne skutki porozumienia [61].
English: From that year onward A sells EUR 10 million of the product produced with its own technology and EUR 10 million of the product produced with B’s technology. B sells from year two EUR 15 million of the product produced with its own technology and EUR 10 million of the product produced with A’s technology.
Portuguese: A partir desse ano, A vende produtos no valor de 10 milhões EUR fabricados com a sua própria tecnologia e 10 milhões EUR de produtos fabricados com a tecnologia de B. B vende a partir do ano 2 produtos no valor de15 milhões EUR fabricados com a sua própria tecnologia e 10 milhões EUR de produtos fabricados com a tecnologia de A. Está estabelecido que o mercado total do produto e dos seus substitutos tem um valor anual de 100 milhões EUR.
Slovenian: Od drugega leta naprej ustvari A prihodke v višini 10 milijonov EUR od prodaje izdelka, ki ga je izdelala s svojo lastno tehnologijo, in prihodke v višini 10 milijonov EUR od prodaje izdelka, proizvedenega s pomočjo tehnologije B. Od drugega leta naprej ustvari B prihodke v višini 15 milijonov EUR od prodaje izdelka, ki ga je izdelala s svojo lastno tehnologijo, in prihodke v višini 10 milijonov EUR od prodaje izdelka, izdelanega s pomočjo tehnologije A. Ugotovi se, da je skupni trg za izdelek in nadomestne izdelke vreden 100 milijonov EUR letno.
Lithuanian: Nuo tų metų A bendrovės produkto, pagaminto pagal pačios bendrovės technologiją, pardavimo apimtis sudarė 10 mln. EUR, pagal B bendrovės technologiją – 10 mln. EUR. B bendrovės produkto, pagaminto pagal nuosavą technologiją, apimtis nuo antrųjų metų sudarė 15 mln. EUR, pagal A bendrovės technologiją – 10 mln. EUR. Nustatyta, kad bendra metinė to produkto ir jo pakaitinių produktų pardavimo apimtis kasmet sudaro 100 mln. EUR.
English: It is established that the total market of the product and its substitutes is worth EUR 100 million in each year. To assess the licence agreement under the TTBER, the market shares of A and B have to be calculated both on the technology market and the product market.
Portuguese: A fim de apreciar o acordo de licença no âmbito do RICTT, as quotas de mercado de A e B devem ser ambas calculadas com base nos mercados da tecnologia e do produto.
Slovenian: Za presojo licenčnega sporazuma v okviru TTBER je treba izračunati tržna deleža A in B na tehnološkem in tudi na proizvodnem trgu.
Lithuanian: Norint įvertinti licencijavimo susitarimą pagal TTBER, turi būti apskaičiuotos A ir B bendrovių rinkos dalys ir technologijos, ir produkto rinkose.
English: In that case the parties may be an important (potential) source of innovation in the market. This is particularly so where the parties possess the necessary assets and skills to carry out further research and development.
Portuguese: Nesse caso, as partes podem ser uma importante fonte (potencial) de inovação no mercado, o que sucede sobretudo quando as partes possuem os activos e as competências necessários para prosseguir a investigação e desenvolvimento.
Lithuanian: Tokiu atveju šalis gali būti svarbus (potencialus) inovacijų rinkoje šaltinis, ypač tais atvejais, kai šalys turi reikiamų išteklių ir įgūdžių tolesniems tyrimams ir plėtrai vykdyti.
English: Agreements that either do not restrict competition within the meaning of Article 53(1) of the EEA Agreement or which fulfil the conditions of Article 53(3) are valid and enforceable. It is recalled that there is no presumption of illegality of agreements that fall outside the scope of the block exemption provided that they do not contain hardcore restrictions of competition.
Lithuanian: Susitarimai, kurie pagal EEE susitarimo 53 straipsnio 1 dalį neriboja konkurencijos arba kurie tenkina 53 straipsnio 3 dalyje nustatytas sąlygas, galioja ir yra vykdomi.
English: Outside the context of hardcore cartels, licensing often occurs because it is more efficient for the licensor to licence the technology than to exploit it himself. This may particularly be the case where the licensee already has access to the necessary production assets.
Lithuanian: Nekalbant apie griežtus kartelių apribojimus, licencijavimas dažnai yra vykdomas todėl, kad licencijos išdavėjui yra naudingiau licencijuoti technologiją, nei ją naudoti pačiam, ypač tais atvejais, kai licencijos gavėjas jau turi galimybę naudotis reikalingais gamybos ištekliais.
English: The right to grant an exclusive licence is generally necessary in order to induce the licensee to invest in the licensed technology and to bring the products to market in a timely manner. This is in particular the case where the licensee must make large investments in further developing the licensed technology.
Lithuanian: Teisė išduoti išimtinę licenciją paprastai yra būtina, siekiant paskatinti licencijos gavėją investuoti į licencijuotą technologiją ir laiku pateikti produktus į rinką, ypač tais atvejais, kai licencijos gavėjas turi skirti dideles investicijas tolesnei licencijuotos technologijos plėtrai.
English: Such agreements are likely to be caught by Article 53(1) and unlikely to fulfil the conditions of Article 53(3). It is a condition however that entry into the technology market is difficult and the licensed technology constitutes a real source of competition on the market.
Portuguese: Estes acordos podem ser abrangidos pelo n.o 1 do artigo 53.o e têm poucas possibilidades de satisfazer as condições constantes do n.o 3 do artigo 53.o Contudo, aplica-se a condição que a entrada no mercado da tecnologia seja difícil e a tecnologia licenciada constitua uma fonte efectiva de concorrência no mercado.
Lithuanian: Tikėtina, kad tokie susitarimai pateks į 53 straipsnio 1 dalies taikymo sritį, ir nėra tikėtina, kad jie tenkins 53 straipsnio 3 dalyje nustatytas sąlygas, tačiau tik tuo atveju, kai patekti į rinką yra sunku ir kai licencijuota technologija yra realus konkurencijos rinkoje šaltinis.
English: The block exemption also covers restrictions on active sales into the territory or to the customer group allocated to another licensee, who was not a competitor of the licensor at the time when he concluded the licence agreement with the licensor. It is a condition, however, that the agreement between the parties in question is non-reciprocal.
Lithuanian: Bendroji išimtis taip pat taikoma aktyvaus pardavimo kitam licencijos gavėjui, kuris licencijavimo susitarimo su licencijos išdavėju sudarymo metu nebuvo licencijos išdavėjo konkurentas, apribojimams skirtoje teritorijoje arba skirtai pirkėjų grupei, tačiau tik tuo atveju, kai atitinkamų šalių susitarimas yra neabipusis.
English: If the licensor were not free to determine the output of the licensee, a number of licence agreements might not come into existence in the first place, which would have a negative impact on the dissemination of new technology. This is particularly likely to be the case where the licensor is also a producer, since in that case the output of the licensees may find their way back into the licensor’s main area of operation and thus have a direct impact on these activities.
Lithuanian: Jeigu licencijos išdavėjas negalėtų licencijos gavėjui laisvai nustatyti produkcijos kiekio, dalis licencijavimo susitarimų visų pirma iš viso nebūtų sudaryti, o tai turėtų neigiamą poveikį naujos technologijos sklaidai, ypač tais atvejais, kai licencijos išdavėjas taip pat yra ir gamintojas, nes tokiu atveju licencijos gavėjo produkcija gali vėl patekti į licencijos išdavėjo pagrindinės veiklos sritį ir taip daryti tiesioginę įtaką jo veiklai.
English: A new moulding technology may for instance be used to make plastic bottles and plastic glasses, each product belonging to separate product markets. However, a single product market may encompass several technical fields of use.
Lithuanian: Pavyzdžiui, nauja liejimo technologija gali būti naudojama plastikiniams buteliams ir plastikinėms taurėms gaminti – abu šie produktai priklauso skirtingoms produktų rinkoms, tačiau viena produkto rinka gali apimti keletą techninių paskirčių.
English: In such cases a captive use restriction is normally either not restrictive of competition or covered by Article 53(3) of the EEA Agreement. It is a condition, however, that the licensee is not restricted in selling the licensed product as replacement parts for his own products.
Lithuanian: Tokiais atvejais naudojimo apribojimas neriboja konkurencijos arba jam yra taikoma EEE susitarimo 53 straipsnio 3 dalis, tačiau tik tuo atveju, kai nebus ribojama licencijos gavėjo galimybė parduoti licencijuotą produktą kaip atsargines nuosavų produktų dalis.
English: Tying can also give rise to efficiency gains. This is for instance the case where the tied product is necessary for a technically satisfactory exploitation of the licensed technology or for ensuring that production under the licence conforms to quality standards respected by the licensor and other licensees.
Lithuanian: Susiejimas taip pat gali turėti teigiamą poveikį efektyvumui, pavyzdžiui, tuo atveju, kai susietas produktas yra reikalingas tam, kad licencijuotą technologiją būtų galima naudoti techniniu požiūriu tinkamu būdu, arba tam, kad būtų galima užtikrinti, kad gamyba pagal licenciją atitiktų kokybės standartus, kurių laikosi licencijos išdavėjas ir kiti licencijų gavėjai.
English: Given that substitute and complementary technologies may be developed after the creation of the pool, the assessment of essentiality is an on-going process. A technology may therefore become non-essential after the creation of the pool due to the emergence of new third party technologies.
Lithuanian: Atsižvelgiant į tai, kad pakeičiančios ir papildančios technologijos gali būti sukurtos po susivienijimo sukūrimo, esmingumo vertinimas yra nuolatinis procesas, todėl, sukūrus susivienijimą ir atsiradus naujoms trečiųjų šalių technologijoms, technologija gali tapti neesminė.
English: It is therefore important to analyse the nature of the agreement in terms of the competitive relationship between the parties and the restraints that it contains. In the latter regard it is necessary to go beyond the express terms of the agreement.
Latvian: Tāpēc ir svarīgi analizēt nolīguma raksturu, ņemot vērā konkurējošas attiecības starp pusēm un ierobežojumus, ko tas ietver. attiecībā uz pēdējo, ir jāiziet ārpus nolīguma precīzi izteiktajiem noteikumiem.
English: Given that the technologies in question are alternatives, no transaction cost savings accrue from including both technologies in the pool. In the absence of the pool licensees would not have demanded both technologies.
Latvian: Ņemot vērā, ka šīs tehnoloģijas ir alternatīvas, no abu tehnoloģiju iekļaušanas apvienotajā fondā nevar ietaupīt darījumu izmaksas.
English: In the assessment of particular restraints other factors may have to be taken into account. Such factors include cumulative effects, i.e. the coverage of the market by similar agreements, the duration of the agreements, the regulatory environment and behaviour that may indicate or facilitate collusion like price leadership, pre-announced price changes and discussions on the “right” price, price rigidity in response to excess capacity, price discrimination and past collusive behaviour.
Dutch: Bij de beoordeling van sommige beperkingen moeten wellicht andere factoren in aanmerking worden genomen, zoals cumulatieve effecten, d.w.z. de dekking van de markt door gelijksoortige overeenkomsten, de looptijd van de overeenkomsten, het regelgevingskader en gedragingen die wijzen op collusie of deze kunnen vergemakkelijken, zoals prijsleiderschap, vooraf aangekondigde prijsstijgingen en overleg over de „juiste” prijs, prijsstarheid als reactie op overcapaciteit, prijsdiscriminatie en het bestaan van collusie in het verleden.
English: Such agreements generally fail (at least) one of the first two conditions of Article 53(3). They generally do not create objective economic benefits or benefits for consumers.
Portuguese: Em geral, tais acordos não satisfazem (pelo menos) uma das duas primeiras condições previstas no n.o 3 do artigo 53.o Normalmente não comportam vantagens económicas objectivas, nem benefícios para os consumidores.
Polish: Porozumienia tego typu na ogół nie spełniają (co najmniej) jednego z dwóch pierwszych warunków wymienionych w art. 53 ust. 3, nie generują one bowiem obiektywnych korzyści ekonomicznych ani nie przynoszą korzyści konsumentom.
English: Normally a period of one to two years is appropriate. However, in individual cases longer periods can be taken into account.
Polish: Zwykle odpowiedni jest okres jednego roku do dwóch lat, chociaż w indywidualnych przypadkach może być dłuższy.
English: In particular, the list of hardcore restrictions applying to agreements between competitors will not be applied to such agreements unless the agreement is subsequently amended in any material respect after the parties have become competitors (cf. Article 4(3) of the TTBER). The undertakings party to an agreement may also become competitors subsequent to the conclusion of the agreement where the licensee was already active on the product market prior to the licence and where the licensor subsequently enters the product market either on the basis of the licensed technology or a new technology.
Polish: Do porozumień takich nie będzie miał zastosowania w szczególności wykaz podstawowych ograniczeń konkurencji obowiązujący dla porozumień między konkurentami, chyba że treść porozumienia ulegnie zmianie później, gdy strony będą już stanowiły wobec siebie konkurencję (por. art. 4 ust. 3 rozporządzenia nr 772/2004).
English: For instance, when CD technology was developed and players and discs were put on the market, it was not obvious that this new technology would replace LP technology. This only became apparent some years later.
Polish: Przykładowo, z chwilą opracowania technologii CD oraz wprowadzenia do obrotu odtwarzaczy i płyt CD nie było oczywiste, że technologia ta zastąpi technologię LP, co okazało się kilka lat później.
English: In year two B’s market share on the product market is 12,5 %, reflecting B’s EUR 25 million sales in year one. In year three B’s market share is 15 % because its sales have increased to EUR 30 million in year two. In year four and thereafter B’s market share is 20 % as its sales are EUR 40 million annually. C’s market share on the product market is 0 % in year one and two, 5 % in year three and 7,5 % thereafter.
Polish: W roku 2 udział B w rynku produktowym wynosi 12,5 % z uwagi na obroty osiągnięte przez B w roku 1 w wysokości 25 mln EUR. W roku 3 udział B w rynku wynosi już 15 % dzięki zwiększeniu obrotów w roku 2 do 30 mln EUR. W roku 4 i w latach następnych udział B w rynku odpowiada 20 %, a jego roczne obroty wynoszą 40 mln EUR. Udział C w rynku produktowym równy jest 0 % w roku 1, 5 % w roku 2, a 7,5 % w kolejnych latach.
English: In year two the market share of A on the technology market is therefore 15 %, reflecting its own production and sales of EUR 15 million in year one. From year three A’s market share on the technology market is 20 %, reflecting the EUR 20 million sale of the product produced with A’s technology and produced and sold by A and B (EUR 10 million each).
Polish: Dlatego też w roku 2 udział A w rynku technologicznym wynosi 15 %, odzwierciedlając jego własną produkcję i sprzedaż w roku 1 w wysokości 15 mln EUR. Począwszy od roku 3, udział A w rynku technologicznym wynosi 20 %, co odpowiada obrotom A i B z tytułu sprzedaży produktu wytwarzanego w oparciu o technologię A w wysokości 20 mln EUR (każde przedsiębiorstwo po 10 mln EUR).
English: For a territory or customer group to be reserved for the licensor, it is not required that the licensor is actually producing with the licensed technology in the territory or for the customer group in question. A territory or customer group can also be reserved by the licensor for later exploitation.
Polish: Zastrzeżenie terytorium lub grupy klientów dla licencjodawcy nie wymaga, aby licencjodawca w oparciu o licencjonowaną technologię rzeczywiście produkował na danym terytorium lub dla danej grupy klientów, a jego celem może być także późniejsze korzystanie z zastrzeżonego terytorium lub z zastrzeżonej grupy klientów.