FrancophonIA/DGT-Translation_Memory huggingface dataset:
English: Following the adoption of a recommendation by the EFTA Surveillance Authority under Article 7, the EFTA States have three months to notify the Authority whether they accept the recommendation.
Finnish: Sen jälkeen kun EFTAn valvontaviranomainen on antanut 7 artiklan mukaisen suosituksen, EFTA-valtioilla on kolme kuukautta aikaa ilmoittaa valvontaviranomaiselle, hyväksyvätkö ne suosituksen.
English: Silence on the part of an EFTA State will be understood as acceptance.
Finnish: Jos EFTA-valtio ei vastaa suositukseen, sen katsotaan hyväksyneen sen.
English: The parties to a licence agreement are normally free to determine the royalty payable by the licensee and its mode of payment without being caught by Article 53(1) of the EEA Agreement. This principle applies both to agreements between competitors and agreements between non-competitors.
Finnish: Lisenssisopimuksen sopimuspuolet voivat yleensä vapaasti määritellä lisenssinsaajan maksettavaksi kuuluvan rojaltin ja sen maksutavan toiminnan kuulumatta ETA-sopimuksen 53 artiklan 1 kohdan soveltamisalaan.
English: In cases where the licensed technology relates to an input which is incorporated into a final product it is as a general rule not restrictive of competition that royalties are calculated on the basis of the price of the final product, provided that it incorporates the licensed technology. In the case of software licensing royalties based on the number of users and royalties calculated on a per machine basis are generally compatible with Article 53(1).
Finnish: Rojaltit voidaan vaatia maksettaviksi esimerkiksi kertamaksuina, myyntihinnasta laskettuna prosenttiosuutena tai kustakin lisensoitua teknologiaa sisältävästä tuotteesta maksettavana kiinteänä summana.
English: Reciprocal exclusive licensing between competitors falls under Article 4(1)(c), which identifies market sharing between competitors as a hardcore restriction. Reciprocal sole licensing between competitors is block exempted up to the market share threshold of 20 %.
Finnish: Kilpailijoiden välisiin vastavuoroisiin yksinomaisiin lisensseihin sovelletaan 4 artiklan 1 kohdan c alakohtaa, jonka mukaan markkinoiden jakaminen kilpailijoiden välillä kuuluu vakavimpiin kilpailunrajoituksiin.
English: Under such an agreement the parties mutually commit not to license their competing technologies to third parties. In cases where the parties have a significant degree of market power such agreements may facilitate collusion by ensuring that the parties are the only sources of output in the market based on the licensed technologies.
Finnish: Kilpailijoiden välisiin vastavuoroisiin yksinkertaisiin lisensseihin sovelletaan ryhmäpoikkeusta, jos markkinaosuus ei ylitä 20:tä prosenttia.
English: Non-reciprocal exclusive licensing between competitors is block exempted up to the market share threshold of 20 %. Above the market share threshold it is necessary to analyse what are the likely anti-competitive effects of such exclusive licensing.
Finnish: Tämänkaltaisessa lisensoinnissa sopimuspuolet sitoutuvat vastavuoroisesti olemaan myöntämättä kolmansille lisenssiä kilpaileviin teknologioihinsa.
English: Where the exclusive licence is world-wide it implies that the licensor leaves the market. In cases where exclusivity is limited to a particular territory such as an EEA State the agreement implies that the licensor abstains from producing goods and services inside the territory in question.
Finnish: Kun sopimuspuolilla on huomattava markkinavoima, tällaiset sopimukset voivat helpottaa kilpailunvastaista yhteistyötä, sillä niillä voidaan varmistaa, että sopimuspuolet ovat ainoita tuottajia lisensoituun teknologiaan perustuvilla markkinoilla.
English: Exclusive licensing between non-competitors — to the extent that it is caught by Article 53(1) [65] — is likely to fulfil the conditions of Article 53(3). The right to grant an exclusive licence is generally necessary in order to induce the licensee to invest in the licensed technology and to bring the products to market in a timely manner. This is in particular the case where the licensee must make large investments in further developing the licensed technology. To intervene against the exclusivity once the licensee has made a commercial success of the licensed technology would deprive the licensee of the fruits of his success and would be detrimental to competition, the dissemination of technology and innovation.
Finnish: Jos lisenssinantajan markkina-asema tuotemarkkinoilla ei ole kovinkaan merkittävä tai jos sillä ei ole kapasiteettia teknologian tehokkaaseen hyödyntämiseen lisenssinsaajan alueella, sopimus ei todennäköisesti kuulu 53 artiklan 1 kohdan piiriin.
English: The EFTA Surveillance Authority will therefore only exceptionally intervene against exclusive licensing in agreements between non-competitors, irrespective of the territorial scope of the licence. 166. The main situation in which intervention may be warranted is where a dominant licensee obtains an exclusive licence to one or more competing technologies.
Finnish: Erityistapauksen muodostavat tilanteet, joissa lisenssinantaja ja lisenssinsaaja kilpailevat ainoastaan teknologiamarkkinoilla ja joissa lisenssinantaja on esimerkiksi tutkimuslaitos tai pieni tutkimusyritys, jolla ei ole tuotanto- eikä jakeluresursseja lisensoitua teknologiaa sisältävien tuotteiden saattamiseksi markkinoille tehokkaasti.
English: It is a condition however that entry into the technology market is difficult and the licensed technology constitutes a real source of competition on the market. In such circumstances an exclusive licence may foreclose third party licensees and allow the licensee to preserve his market power.
Finnish: Yksinoikeuslisenssien myöntäminen keskenään kilpailemattomien sopimuspuolten välillä — silloin kun se kuuluu 53 artiklan 1 kohdan soveltamisalaan [65] — täyttää todennäköisesti 53 artiklan 3 kohdassa määrätyt edellytykset.
English: The EFTA Surveillance Authority will assess such arrangements according to the same principles as those applied to technology pools (see section 4 below). It will normally be required that the technologies which support such a standard be licensed to third parties on fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory terms.
Finnish: Jos yksinoikeuteen puututaan sen jälkeen, kun lisenssinsaaja on onnistuneesti kaupallistanut lisensoidun teknologian, lisenssinsaajaa estetään hyötymästä menestyksen tuottamista eduista, mikä vaikuttaa haitallisesti kilpailuun sekä teknologioiden ja innovaatioiden levittämiseen.
English: This negative impact on competition can only be avoided by licensing also to third parties. 2.2.2. Sales restrictions
Finnish: Lisenssin alueellisella kattavuudella ei tässä yhteydessä ole merkitystä.
English: Also as regards sales restrictions there is an important distinction to be made between licensing between competitors and between non-competitors. 169. Restrictions on active and passive sales by one or both parties in a reciprocal agreement between competitors are hardcore restrictions of competition under Article 4(1)(c).
Finnish: Yksinoikeuteen puuttuminen voi olla perusteltua lähinnä silloin, kun määräävässä asemassa oleva lisenssinsaaja hankkii yksinoikeuslisenssin yhteen tai useampaan kilpailevaan teknologiaan.
English: Above the market share threshold of 20 % sales restrictions between licensor and licensee are caught by Article 53(1) when one or both of the parties have a significant degree of market power. Such restrictions, however, may be indispensable for the dissemination of valuable technologies and therefore fulfil the conditions of Article 53(3).
Finnish: Kilpailijoiden väliseen vastavuoroiseen sopimukseen sisältyvät toiselle sopimuspuolelle asetetut myynnin rajoitukset kuuluvat ETA-sopimuksen 53 artiklan 1 kohdan soveltamisalaan, eivätkä ne todennäköisesti täytä kyseisen artiklan 3 kohdassa määrättyjä edellytyksiä.
English: This may be the case where the licensor has a relatively weak market position in the territory where he exploits himself the technology. In such circumstances restrictions on active sales in particular may be indispensable to induce the licensor to grant the licence. In the absence thereof the licensor would risk facing active competition in his main area of activity. Similarly, restrictions on active sales by the licensor may be indispensable, in particular, where the licensee has a relatively weak market position in the territory allocated to him and has to make significant investments in order to efficiently exploit the licensed technology. 171. The block exemption also covers restrictions on active sales into the territory or to the customer group allocated to another licensee, who was not a competitor of the licensor at the time when he concluded the licence agreement with the licensor. It is a condition, however, that the agreement between the parties in question is non-reciprocal.
Finnish: Tämäntyyppisten rajoitusten katsotaan yleensä johtavan markkinoiden jakamiseen, koska niillä estetään rajoituksen kohteena olevaa sopimuspuolta myymästä aktiivisesti ja passiivisesti sellaisille alueille ja asiakasryhmille, joille tämä myi tai olisi realistisesti arvioituna voinut myydä ennen sopimuksentekoa.
English: Above the market share threshold such active sales restrictions are likely to be caught by Article 53(1) when the parties have a significant degree of market power. However, the restraint is likely to be indispensable within the meaning of Article 53(3) for the period of time required for the protected licensee to penetrate a new market and establish a market presence in the allocated territory or vis-à-vis the allocated customer group. This protection against active sales allows the licensee to overcome the asymmetry, which he faces due to the fact that some of the licensees are competing undertakings of the licensor and thus already established on the market.
Finnish: Kilpailijoiden välisissä muissa kuin vastavuoroisissa sopimuksissa ryhmäpoikkeusta sovelletaan ehtoihin, joilla rajoitetaan lisenssinsaajan tai lisenssinantajan aktiivista ja passiivista myyntiä sellaiselle yksinmyyntialueelle tai yksinoikeuteen perustuvalle asiakasryhmälle, joka on varattu toiselle sopimuspuolelle (ks. 4 artiklan 1 kohdan c alakohdan iv alakohta).
English: Field of use restrictions may have pro-competitive effects by encouraging the licensor to license his technology for applications that fall outside his main area of focus. If the licensor could not prevent licensees from operating in fields where he exploits the technology himself or in fields where the value of the technology is not yet well established, it would be likely to create a disincentive for the licensor to license or would lead him to charge a higher royalty. It must also be taken into account that in certain sectors licensing often occurs to ensure design freedom by preventing infringement claims. Within the scope of the licence the licensee is able to develop his own technology without fearing infringement claims by the licensor.
Finnish: Kilpailijoiden välisessä lisensoinnissa tämä merkitsee sitä, että vastavuoroiset yksinoikeuslisenssit kuuluvat 4 artiklan 1 kohdan c alakohdan mukaisesti vakavimpiin kilpailunrajoituksiin.
English: The main competitive concern in the case of such restrictions is the risk that the licensee ceases to be a competitive force outside the licensed field of use. This risk is greater in the case of cross licensing between competitors where the agreement provides for asymmetrical field of use restrictions.
Finnish: Jos lisenssinantaja ei pystyisi estämään lisenssinsaajia toimimasta aloilla, joilla se itse hyödyntää teknologiaansa tai joilla teknologialla ei vielä ole vakiintunutta asemaa, se olisi todennäköisesti haluttomampi lisensoimaan teknologiaansa tai veloittaisi suurempia rojalteja.
English: Symmetrical field of use restrictions, i.e. agreements whereby the parties are licensed to use each other’s technologies within the same field(s) of use, are unlikely to be caught by Article 53(1). Such agreements are unlikely to restrict competition that existed in the absence of the agreement.
Portuguese: É pouco provável que restrições do domínio de utilização simétricas, isto é, acordos através dos quais as partes obtêm licenças para utilizar as tecnologias uma da outra no ou nos mesmos domínios de utilização, sejam abrangidas pelo n.o 1 do artigo 53.o É improvável que tais acordos restrinjam a concorrência que existiria na ausência do acordo.
Finnish: Jos sopimus todennäköisesti saa lisenssinsaajan vähentämään tuotantoaan lisenssin kohteena olevan käyttöalan ulkopuolella, on todennäköistä, että se kuuluu ETA-sopimuksen 53 artiklan 1 kohdan soveltamisalaan.
English: Article 53(1) is also unlikely to apply in the case of agreements that merely enable the licensee to develop and exploit his own technology within the scope of the licence without fearing infringement claims by the licensor. In such circumstances field of use restrictions do not in themselves restrict competition that existed in the absence of the agreement.
Finnish: Symmetriset käyttöalarajoitukset eli sopimukset, joiden nojalla sopimuspuolilla on lisenssin perusteella oikeus käyttää toistensa teknologiaa samalla käyttöalalla (samoilla käyttöaloilla), eivät todennäköisesti kuulu 53 artiklan 1 kohdan piiriin.
English: It is not sufficient that the parties remain free to license independently. In order not to undermine the pool, which allows them to jointly exercise market power, the parties are likely to have little incentive to do so.
French: Il ne suffit pas que les parties demeurent libres de concéder des licences de façon indépendante, car elles auront peu d'intérêt à le faire si elles ne veulent pas saper les effets du regroupement qui leur permet d'exercer conjointement leur puissance de marché.
Italian: Non è sufficiente che le parti restino libere di concedere licenze in maniera indipendente, in quanto esse avrebbero pochi incentivi a farlo se non vogliono compromettere la tenuta del pool, che consente loro di esercitare congiuntamente il loro potere di mercato.
Finnish: Sopimuspuolten vapaus myöntää lisenssejä toisistaan riippumatta ei riitä korjaamaan tilannetta, sillä sopimuspuolet eivät todennäköisesti ole kovin halukkaita tekemään niin, jotta yhteistoiminta, jonka ansiosta ne voivat käyttää yhdessä markkinavoimaa, ei vaarantuisi.
Slovak: Nie je postačujúce, že stranám zostane sloboda nezávisle poskytovať licencie, pretože budú mať zrejme malý záujem to robiť, aby nenarušili združenie, ktoré im umožňuje spoločne uplatňovať trhovú silu.
English: The notice defines appreciability in a negative way. Agreements, which fall outside the scope of the de minimis notice, do not necessarily have appreciable restrictive effects.
Finnish: Tiedonannossa määritellään merkityksellisyys kielteisesti, eli sopimukset, joihin ei sovelleta de minimis -tiedonantoa, eivät välttämättä rajoita kilpailua tuntuvasti.
English: Technology transfer agreements between more than two undertakings are not covered by the TTBER. The decisive factor in terms of distinguishing between agreements between two undertakings and multiparty agreements is whether the agreement in question is concluded between more than two undertakings.
French: Les accords de transfert de technologie conclus par plus de deux entreprises ne sont pas couverts, le facteur décisif pour distinguer les accords entre deux entreprises des accords multipartites étant le fait que l'accord en cause ait été conclu par plus de deux entreprises.
English: The notion of technology pools covers agreements whereby two or more parties agree to pool their respective technologies and license them as a package. The notion of technology pools also covers arrangements whereby two or more undertakings agree to license a third party and authorise him to license on the package of technologies.
French: La notion de regroupement de technologies couvre des accords par lesquels deux parties ou plus acceptent de réunir leurs technologies respectives et de les concéder comme un tout, ainsi que des accords par lesquels deux entreprises ou plus acceptent d'accorder une licence à un tiers et de l'autoriser à concéder lui-même des licences sur l'ensemble de technologies concédé.
Polish: Pojęcie »grupy technologii« odnosi się do porozumień, w których co najmniej dwie strony wyrażają zgodę na połączenie swoich technologii i udzielanie na nie licencji w postaci pakietu, a także do porozumień, w których co najmniej dwa przedsiębiorstwa wyrażają zgodę na udzielenie licencji stronie trzeciej oraz upoważnienie jej do udzielania licencji na pakiet technologii.
English: The term “contract products” encompasses goods and services produced with the licensed technology. This is the case both where the licensed technology is used in the production process and where it is incorporated into the product itself.
French: Le terme “produits contractuels” comprend les biens et les services produits à l'aide de la technologie concédée, c'est-à-dire tant les cas dans lesquels la technologie concédée est utilisée au cours du processus de production que ceux dans lesquels elle est intégrée au produit lui-même.
Italian: L’espressione “prodotti contrattuali” indica i beni e i servizi prodotti utilizzando la tecnologia sotto licenza, sia nel caso in cui la tecnologia venga utilizzata nel processo di produzione sia qualora essa sia incorporata nel prodotto stesso.
Slovak: Pojem ‚zmluvné produkty‘ zahŕňa tovar a služby vyrábané licencovanou technológiou, to znamená prípad, keď sa licencovaná technológia používa vo výrobnom procese, ako aj keď je zahrnutá do samotného produktu.
English: Subject to the duration of the TTBER, the block exemption applies for as long as the licensed property right has not lapsed, expired or been declared invalid. In the case of know-how the block exemption applies as long as the licensed know-how remains secret, except where the know-how becomes publicly known as a result of action by the licensee, in which case the exemption shall apply for the duration of the agreement (cf. Article 2 of the TTBER).
French: En fonction de la durée du règlement, l'exemption par catégorie sera applicable tant que le droit de propriété concédé ne sera pas devenu caduc, n'aura pas expiré ou été invalidé, ou, dans le cas du savoir-faire, tant qu'il demeurera secret, sauf si le savoir-faire est rendu public du fait du preneur de licence, auquel cas l'exemption sera applicable pendant toute la durée de l'accord (voir article 2 du règlement d'exemption par catégorie).
English: Market shares should be calculated on the basis of sales value data where such data are available. Such data normally provide a more accurate indication of the strength of a technology than volume data.
French: Les parts de marché devraient être calculées sur la base de la valeur des ventes, lorsque ces données sont disponibles, car elles donnent normalement une indication plus précise de la puissance d'une technologie que les données relatives au volume des ventes.
English: Passive sales restrictions on the licensee may be the result of direct obligations, such as the obligation not to sell to certain customers or to customers in certain territories or the obligation to refer orders from these customers to other licensees. It may also result from indirect measures aimed at inducing the licensee to refrain from making such sales, such as financial incentives and the implementation of a monitoring system aimed at verifying the effective destination of the licensed products.
French: Les restrictions des ventes passives imposées au preneur peuvent résulter d'obligations directes, telles que l'obligation de ne pas vendre à certains clients ou à des clients établis sur certains territoires, ou encore l'obligation d'adresser les commandes de ces clients à d'autres preneurs, mais aussi de mesures indirectes destinées à inciter le preneur à s'abstenir de ce type de ventes, par exemple des incitations financières ou la mise en place d'un système de contrôle permettant de vérifier la destination effective des produits concédés.
Slovak: Obmedzenia pasívneho predaja pre užívateľa licencie môžu byť výsledkom priamych záväzkov, napríklad záväzku nepredávať určitým zákazníkom alebo zákazníkom na určitých územiach alebo záväzku postupovať objednávky od týchto zákazníkov iným užívateľom licencií, ale môžu byť tiež výsledkom nepriamych opatrení, ktorých cieľom je ovplyvniť užívateľa licencie, aby sa vzdal uskutočnenia takýchto predajov, napríklad finančných stimulov a zavedenia systému monitorovania zameraného na overenie skutočnej destinácie licencovaných produktov.
English: Restrictions on active and passive sales by licensees into an exclusive territory or to an exclusive customer group reserved for the licensor do not constitute hardcore restrictions of competition (cf. Article 4(2)(b)(i)). Indeed, they are block exempted.
French: Les restrictions imposées aux ventes actives et passives par les preneurs sur un territoire exclusif ou à un groupe de clients exclusif réservés au donneur ne constituent pas une restriction caractérisée de la concurrence [voir article 4, paragraphe 2, point b) i)], et elles peuvent bénéficier d'une exemption par catégorie.
Slovak: Obmedzenia aktívneho a pasívneho predaja užívateľmi licencie na exkluzívne územie alebo pre exkluzívnu skupinu zákazníkov, vyhradené pre poskytovateľa licencie, nepredstavujú tvrdé obmedzenia hospodárskej súťaže [pozri článok 4 ods. 2 písm. b) bod i)] a môžu využívať blokovú výnimku.
Polish: Ograniczenia sprzedaży czynnej i biernej prowadzonej przez licencjobiorców na wyłącznym terytorium zastrzeżonym dla licencjodawcy lub na rzecz zastrzeżonej dla niego wyłącznej grupy klientów nie stanowią podstawowych ograniczeń konkurencji (por. art. 4 ust. 2 lit. b) pkt (i)), podlegają natomiast wyłączeniu grupowemu.
English: In the interest of undistorted competition and in conformity with the principles underlying the protection of intellectual property, invalid intellectual property rights should be eliminated. Invalid intellectual property stifles innovation rather than promoting it.
French: Pour éviter toute distorsion de la concurrence et conformément aux principes qui sous-tendent la protection de la propriété intellectuelle, les droits de propriété intellectuelle non valables devraient être éliminés, parce qu'ils paralysent l'innovation au lieu de la favoriser.
Italian: Per evitare ogni distorsione della concorrenza e conformemente ai principi alla base della tutela dei diritti di proprietà di beni immateriali, occorre eliminare i diritti di proprietà di beni immateriali nulli, dato che essi frenano l’innovazione invece di favorirla.
Portuguese: Para evitar qualquer distorção da concorrência e em conformidade com os princípios subjacentes à protecção da propriedade intelectual, os direitos de propriedade intelectual não válidos devem ser eliminados, uma vez que paralisam a inovação em vez de a promoverem.
Slovak: V záujme nenarušenia hospodárskej súťaže a v súlade so zásadami, na ktorých sa zakladá ochrana duševného vlastníctva, by sa neplatné práva duševného vlastníctva mali eliminovať, pretože skôr potláčajú inováciu, ako ju podporujú.
English: For appreciable foreclosure effects to occur the non-compete obligations do not necessarily have to cover a substantial part of the market. Even in the absence thereof, appreciable foreclosure effects may occur where non-compete obligations are targeted at undertakings that are the most likely to license competing technologies.
French: Pour que les effets de verrouillage soient sensibles, il n'est pas nécessaire que les obligations de non-concurrence couvrent une partie substantielle du marché; il suffit qu'elles visent les entreprises qui sont le plus susceptibles de concéder des technologies concurrentes.