Francesco/who-killed-jfk huggingface dataset:
[157-10014-10133.pdf — page 24]
# TOP SECRET231 does this do to the American that is over there, all of2 them? I don't think that is right.3 Senator Tower. Well, I think in many instances American4 operations abroad that have been completely innocent have been5 labeled as spy operations for propaganda purposes by the other6 side, and they will do that if they choose to. They will not7 do it if they choose not to do it.8 The Chairman. But you have many of these students who are9 not inside Russia or in a Communist country. We have educational10 and cultural programs in Third World countries and in the11 western world.12 Senator Tower. I understand that..13 The Chairman. And there, if someone is caught engaging in14 a CIA action of some kind, then everybody is contaminated.15 The whole thing then becomes suspect in France or England or16 wherever it might be.17 Senator Tower. What if the grantee comes to CIA and18 says, I have made some contacts over here that I think would19 be of value in terms of passing intelligence along to you?20 Are you going to turn him down and say, no, you are on a21 Fulbright grant, we can't let you do that?22 Senator Huddleston. No, they could use his information to23 contact somebody else. He would not necessarily be operational24 Mr. Bader. Operational use, under the Agency's definition,25 has two major elements to it. First is that the purposes to# TOP SECRET
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TOP SECRET                                                                          241 be accomplished, and objectives, are established by the Agency,2 and the second is that the individual involved is tasked to3 do that, ordered to do it, if you please.4 Operational use does not, by the Agency's definition,5 involve individuals who would come to the Central Intelligence6 Agency to voluntarily give whatever information that they7 think would be of value to the Agency, the kind of information8 that the Contacts Division normally would like to have.9 Senator Tower. Yes, but once having done that, the Agency10 determines this person is valuable and they observe this11 person and they put him under a control officer.12 Mr. Bader. Then he would come under this condition. That13 would be operational use!14 Senator Huddleston. It would not include a debriefing of15 him when he came back.16 Mr. Kirbow. Nor could he be asked to go to a single meeting17 more and report back on the very same subject that he just18 reported on, which might be a critical target to the United19 States Governments' national security.20 Mr. Bader. Once he is operational, he has to accomplish a21 particular task or purpose, then he is operationally used under22 the terms.23 Senator Tower. Even if he initiates the contact with24 the Agency in the first place.25 Mr. Bader. Only, Senator, if there is a second stage inTOP SECRETWARD & PAULNW 50955 DocId:32423521 Page 26
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# TOP SECRET251 this, if the individual --2 Senator Tower. I know. The second stage may be the most3. important.4 Mr. Bader. It certainly may, and at that stage, under the5 Agency's definition, he would be operationally --6 Senator Huddleston. I can't believe the Agency wouldn't7 have another entre of some sort.8 Senator Tower. What kind of widespread abuse are we9 trying to prevent?10 Has there been widespread abuse?11 Mr. Bader. No, sir, there has not.12 Senator Tower. There has not been.13 Mr. Aaron. This occurs.14 Mr. Bader. This occurs, yes.15 Senator Hart of Michigan. What is the benefit -- there16 has been no abuse, but what benefit?17 Senator Mondale. It's not -- that's not the word. It's18 not no abuse. It's not widespread.19 Mr. Bader. The term is "not widespread."20 Senator Tower. I said "widespread."21 Mr. Bader. Yes, I said "widespread."22 Senator Hart of Michigan. The question is, what23 benefits? Do we know?24 Senator Huddleston. That is very difficult to ascertain.25 Senator Tower. Significant abuse? Any record of abuse?# TOP SECRET
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# TOP SECRET26What record of abuse do we have?Senator Hart of Michigan. Any record of significant benefit.Mr. Bader. A record of significant abuse in the sense that Fulbright students or those under American educational programs have been used operationally. There is an extensive record over the years, but it is not of major importance to the Agency.The Chairman. Well, apparently the Agency itself has restricted or has put the Fulbright scholars off limits, right?Mr. Bader. That is correct, sir.The Chairman. Well, then, --Senator Hart of Michigan. That must be the result of a conclusion that either they were not beneficial or they didn't want to poison the program.Why doesn't that reasoning apply to these others?The Chairman. Well, I think it does, but we might as well come to a vote on it and decide whether we want to keep it or strike it.Senator Huddleston. Well, to bring it to a vote, Mr. Chairman, I would move that Paragraph 44 --Senator Baker. Mr. Chairman, I would just kind of make one inquiry, I believe, and I already know the answer to it, that even though we are voting on this section, I believe the# TOP SECRET
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TOP SECRET271 arrangement we had previously, that is to say, that none of2 this is final, and certainly not until we hear the comments3 of the Agency.4 Is that still observed?5 The Chairman. Yes, that is still the situation. Nothing6 becomes final until the final vote is taken, and anything can7 be reconsidered.8 Senator Baker. Then we are going to have comments from the9 Agency. When, Bill, tomorrow?10 Mr. Miller. Staff is going to get them tomorrow afternoon11 out there, and they are going to give it to us in writing, I12 think, tomorrow afternoon.13 The Chairman. I suspect that the Agency will oppose14 many of these recommendations.15 Senator Huddleston. No question about that.16 The Chairman. I hope that won't be the single basis17 upon which we decide for or against.18 Senator Huddleston. My motion includes, Mr. Chairman,19 that we exempt the military.20 Senator Schweiker. You say it will include --21 Senator Huddleston. That will be in my motion, in 44, that22 we exclude foreign military people.23 The Chairman. All right.24 The motion is made that Recommendation No. 44 be approved25 with the exception that it does not apply to foreign militaryTOP SECRETNW 50955 DocId: 32423521 Page 29WARD & PAUL
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TOP SECRET1 personnel coming into this country, is that right?2 Senator Huddleston. Yes.3 The Chairman. Let's have a vote.4 Do you want to call the roll, Mr. Miller?5 Mr. Miller. Yes.6 Mr. Hart of Michigan.7 Senator Hart of Michigan. Aye.8 Mr. Miller. Mr. Mondale.9 Senator Mondale. Aye.10 Mr. Miller. Mr. Huddleston.11 Senator Huddleston. Aye.12 Mr. Miller. Mr. Morgan.13 Senator Morgan. No.14 Mr. Miller. Mr. Hart of Colorado?15 Senator Hart of Colorado. Aye.16 Mr. Miller. Mr. Baker.17 Senator Baker. No.18 Mr. Miller. Mr. Mathias?19 Senator Tower. You missed Goldwater. You missed Senator Goldwater.20 Goldwater no by written proxy.21 Mr. Miller. Mr. Mathias is in the phone booth.22 Mr. Schweiker.23 Senator Schweiker. Aye.24 Mr. Miller. Mr. Tower?25TOP SECRET
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# TOP SECRET291 Senator Tower. No.2 Mr. Miller. Mr. Church?3 The Chairman. Aye.4 Senator Tower. I don't think it is going to affect the5 outcome, so I ask consent that he be recorded.6 Mr. Miller. The ayes have it. It is six to four. Mr.7 Mathias is still in the phone booth.8 Senator Tower. I ask consent that he be allowed to be9 recorded. It might change the outcome.10 The Chairman. All right.11 Let's go to 61 next.12 Mr. Aaron. The next issue is on page 78A, Recommendation..13 47.14 The Committee previously agreed to extend the CIA15 prohibitions on the use of media to the use of any person16 who regularly contributes material to publications and those17 involved directly or indirectly in the editing or setting18 policy and direction in the direction of the activities of19 U.S. media organizations.20 What was unclear was whether this was the recommendation21 of the Committee to the CIA that it amend its regulations to do22 that, or whether this was to be embodied in statute as had23 been recommended in Recommendation 46..24 The Chairman. I'm sorry, I have lost you.25 Mr. Aaron. You will find the words "proposed statutory# TOP SECRET
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1 CIA prohibition" and you see the words "proposed" and"statutory" are in brackets, reflecting uncertainty on our partas to whether it was the intention of the Committee that thisprohibition simply be a CIA regulation or embodied in thestatute, which is recommended in the recommendation of procedures.The Chairman. Senator Huddleston, do you have any commenton this?Senator Huddleston. I have a personal feeling that whenwe go too far statutorily in dealing with the press, that wesometimes get on thin ice. I don't know whether it would beappropriate to make some suggestion here that the press itselfinitiate certain standards and methods. Many of them in thepress believe they ought to have anyhow.I think the recommendation for the CIA is probablysufficient.The Chairman. And let that be handled as a matter ofCIA regulations.Senator Huddleston. Rather than by statute.The Chairman. Rather than by statute.Is that acceptable to the Committee?Senator Tower. I am sorry, Mr. Chairman. Would yourepeat the proposition?The Chairman. The proposition is that the Committeerecommend that the CIA, by regulation, handle this matterrather than make it statutory.
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TOP SECRET311 Senator Tower. Well, I oppose it either by statute or by regulation, so I would suggest that those who favor the concept determine whether they want to do it by either statute or regulation. I am opposed to doing it by either.5 Senator Schweiker. I would like to see it by statute if we are going to do it.7 Senator Baker. Mr. Chairman, does this make any distinction between domestic media and -- on the media located physically within the United States and the U.S. media outside the United States?11 The Chairman. No, it does not. It simply attempts to prevent the CIA from involving itself with personnel who are part of the U.S. media, whether here or abroad, as I read it.14 Senator Tower. Okay, now, let me ask you a question.15 What is there is a Reuters reporter in Moscow who is cooperating with us, and Reuters contributes regularly to U.S. media?18 Senator Schweiker. We spent an hour on that. They are excluded. We argued that for an hour and I lost the point, so they would be excluded.21 Senator Huddleston. This basically just extends to CIA's own prohibition that they had initiated against what we would normally think of as working journalists, and includes into it the executives and editors and those who may be freelancing.TOP SECRETWARD & PAULNW 50955 DocId:32423521 Page 33
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# TOP SECRET1 Senator Tower. What if we got a freelancer for Time2 Magazine who is indeed a foreign national? Does he come under3 this prohibition?4 Senator Huddleston. If he has some regular association with5 Time he would be.6 Mr. Aaron. Under the Agency's current regulations and7 own prohibitions, a foreign journalist working for Time Magazine8 oversees would be prohibited from being used by them for9 operational purposes. That is their own position today. This10 would extend that prohibition to someone who is, what in the11 trade jargon is a stringer, or --12 Senator Tower. This would include a stringer?13 Senator Schweiker. It wouldn't cover Reuters or some14 other foreign news service.15 Mr. Aaron. It would also apply to a foreigner who was,16 for example, if there were such a thing as an editor in the17 Paris Bureau of Time Magazine. I don't think they work that18 way, but say there were such a person, it would apply to him19 as well.20 Senator Tower. What about the Paris Trib? What about21 that?22 Mr. Aaron. A U.S. media organization.23 Mr. Kirbow. It is excluded.24 Senator Schweiker. That is a subsidiary of an American25 company.# TOP SECRETWARD & PAUL
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TOP SECRET331 Senator Tower. What about Reader's Digest Selecciones,2 which is their Spanish publication? Is that included?3 Mr. Aaron. I assume so.4 The Chairman. Well, according to the CIA's own restric-5 tions, it is excluded now, except this would simply6 extend the exclusion to stringers, those who do not have7 regular employment.8 Senator Huddleston. And editors and executives.9 The Chairman. And editors and executives.10 Mr. Bader. The present restriction, Senator Tower,11 that has been extended by the Agency in February, went to12 accredited journalists, accredited to U.S. media organizations.13 The only difference between this prohibition and the one14 already assumed by the Agency is that this moves further15 accreditation to include those who regularly contribute to16 U.S. media organizations or are a part of their structure.17 Mr. Kirbow. The management structure.18 Mr. Bader. The management structure, whether they19 contribute material to or are involved directly or indirectly20 in the preparation of material.21 The Chairman. Well, I think if we are going to do it,22 we had better decide on the policy. If we want to keep the23 CIA out of U.S. media both at home and abroad, and we want24 to extend that to stringers as well, then I think it ought25 to be done by statute rather than just a recommendation byTOP SECRET
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# TOP SECRET34the Committee that the CIA do it, because the CIA regulations may or may not issue, and they can be changed at any time without notice.Senator Tower. Well, Mr. Chairman, aren't we talking about two different things?I don't mean foreign, you know, our foreign correspondents abroad writing CIA propaganda for American publications. We are talking about operations here, operational use, not use to write some article that the CIA wants planted in an American publication. That's not what I'm talking about. I'm talking about using him to gather intelligence, and it goes back directly to the CIA which doesn't serve as a publication.The Chairman. But operational use can include many things, including writing propaganda and usually would if it involved journalists.Senator Tower. Well, I think we have already got a prohibition on that.Mr. Bader. The prohibition that the Central Intelligence Agency has self-imposed extends across the line from cover to placement to all operational use of individuals, accredited individuals to American media organizations. As I say, the difference between what the Agency has already taken upon itself and what this recommendation involves is this recommendation extends it to individuals who are not accredited.There are a number -- the figures that the Committee has# TOP SECRET
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# TOP SECRET351 which have been authenticated by the Agency, that there are2 some 60 Americans who are affiliated or are part of American3 media organizations around the world, part of a larger network4 of some 400 journalists and the like who are part of the Agency's overall media asset program, and of those 60 under the Agency's5 present prohibitions, the ones recently imposed, it would go6 to just one third of those individuals.7 This prohibition would extend it from the one third to8 all because the other two thirds include people that are9 under cover, who are in management, and who are not under10 the technical term accredited to U.S. media organizations.11 Mr. Chairman, I might say if the Committee would look12 at the Recommendation 46 that goes before 47, perhaps it might13 bear in mind that the recommendation in 46, which takes the14 present Agency prohibitions and says that they should be established in law, if in 47, if the Committee should so15 decide to do it by recommendation, that they change their16 internal prohibitions, there will be a contrast between 4617 and 47.18 The Chairman. Well, let's have a vote. Let's go back19 to 46, and I take it that the recommendation is that this20 prohibition that the CIA has imposed upon itself ought to21 be written in statutory form.22 Mr. Bader. That is the recommendation.23 The Chairman. All right. Let's have a vote on that# TOP SECRET
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# TOP SECRET1 first of all, and then we'll take up 47.2 Mr. Miller, will you call the roll?3 Senator Huddleston. Mr. Chairman, I think I am probably4 the only one that has suggested that it should not be statutory5 and I would just point out that that might be a result of the6 fact that I am in the media, so I would withdraw that unless7 somebody else wants to make that recommendation.8 The Chairman. I thought yours went to 47.9 This is 46.10 Senator Huddleston. It did, but they both relate to the11 media.12 The Chairman. Well, let's take a vote on 46, which13 would recommend that Congress enact a statute conforming to14 the CIA's self-imposed prohibition on U.S. journalists or15 foreign journalists accredited to the U.S. media abroad.16 Mr. Miller. Mr. Hart of Michigan.17 Senator Hart of Michigan. Did you want a roll call?18 The Chairman. Yes!19 Senator Hart of Michigan. Aye.20 Mr. Miller. Mr. Mondale.21 Senator Mondale. Aye.22 Mr. Miller. Mr. Huddleston?23 Senator Huddleston. Aye.24 Mr. Miller. Mr. Morgan.25 Senator Morgan. Aye.# TOP SECRET
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# TOP SECRET371 Mr. Miller. Mr. Hart of Colorado.2 Senator Hart of Colorado. Aye.3 Mr. Miller. Mr. Baker.4 Senator Baker. Aye.5 Mr. Miller. Mr. Goldwater.6 Senator Tower. No by proxy.7 Mr. Miller. Mr. Mathias.8 (No response.)9 Mr. Miller. Mr. Schweiker.10 Senator Schweiker. Aye.11 Mr. Miller. Mr. Tower.12 Senator Tower. No.13 Mr. Miller. Mr. Church..14 The Chairman. Aye.15 Senator Tower. Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent that Senator Mathias be recorded. It will not be changed.17 The Chairman. All right.18 Now can we go to 47 and vote it up or down on the understanding that this recommendation having to do with stringers and the use of executives would not take statutory form but it would be a recommendation to the CIA without such regulation.23 Ms. Culbreath. Mr. Chairman, could I say just a word, please sir, with regard to whether it was done by directive or regulation or by statute. Yesterday one of the general recommendation:# TOP SECRET
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TOP SECRET38that we discussed and the staff was asked to rewrite went to the question of any changes or waivers of Agency directives or recommendations, and as considered by the Committee yesterday. The agreement was -- and if that proposal is one of the general recommendations goes through any waiver of an existing regulation or any amendment of an existing regulation, that affected the significant policies or programs of the Agency, would have to go immediately to NSC and to the oversight committee so that they would know.So what I am saying is that if you had a directive and there was a change in something like this which would be significant, there would have to be notice to the oversight committee and to the NSC.The Chairman. Can we have a vote, then, on 47 before we go down to the Senate to this roll call.Mr. Miller. Mr. Hart of Michigan.Senator Hart of Michigan. Aye.Mr. Miller. Mr. Mondale.Senator Mondale. Aye.Mr. Miller. Mr. Huddleston.Senator Huddleston. Aye.Mr. Miller. Mr. Morgan.Senator Morgan. Aye.Mr. Miller. Mr. Hart of Colorado.Senator Hart of Colorado. Aye.TOP SECRET
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TOP SECRET391 Mr. Miller. Mr. Baker.2 Senator Baker. Aye3 Mr. Miller. Mr. Goldwater.4 Senator Tower. No by proxy.5 Mr. Miller. Mr. Mathias.6 (No response.)7 Mr. Miller. Mr. Schweiker.8 Senator Schweiker. Aye.9 Mr. Miller. Mr. Tower.10 Senator Tower. No.11 Mr.Miller. Mr. Church.12 The Chairman. Aye.13 Senator Tower. Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent14 that Senator Mathias be allowed to vote.15 The Chairman. That will be so ordered.16 All right, let's take a short recess and come back.17 (Whereupon, at 4:05. o'clock p.m. the Committee18 recessed to reconvene at 10:00 o'clock a.m., Friday, March19 26, 1976.)TOP SECRETWARD & PAUL
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2025 RELEASE UNDER THE PRESIDENT JOHN F. KENNEDY ASSASSINATION RECORDS ACT OF 1992Agency InformationAGENCY: SSCIARECORD NUMBER: 157-10014-10137RECORD SERIES: MISCELLANEOUS RECORDS OF THE CHURCH COMMITTEEAGENCY FILE NUMBER: 07-M-43Document InformationORIGINATOR: SSCIAFROM:TO:TITLE: DRAFT REPORTDATE: 09/08/1975PAGES: 207SUBJECTS: SSCSGO, REPORTDOCUMENT TYPE: REPORTCLASSIFICATION: DeclassifiedRESTRICTIONS: 1B; 1CCURRENT STATUS: RedactDATE OF LAST REVIEW: 04/05/2000OPENING CRITERIA:COMMENTS: CCBOX 349
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Date: 08/07/95Page: 1# JFK ASSASSINATION SYSTEM## IDENTIFICATION FORM## AGENCY INFORMATIONAGENCY: SSCIARECORD NUMBER: 157-10014-10137RECORDS SERIES: MISCELLANEOUS RECORDS OF THE CHURCH COMMITTEEAGENCY FILE NUMBER: 07-M-43## DOCUMENT INFORMATIONORIGINATOR: SSCIAFROM:TO:TITLE: DRAFT REPORTDATE: 09/08/75PAGES: 207SUBJECTS: SSCSGO, REPORTDOCUMENT TYPE: REPORTCLASSIFICATION: TOP SECRETRESTRICTIONS: REFERREDCURRENT STATUS: POSTPONED IN FULLDATE OF LAST REVIEW: 01/05/99OPENING CRITERIA:COMMENTS: CCBOX 349[R] - ITEM IS RESTRICTEDNW 50955 DocId:32423525 Page 2
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(Draft--9/8/75)Box 349# The "Executive Action" CapabilityAlong with the question of authorization for actual assassination attempts, the Committee considered the extent and nature of authorization for a CIA project which included, as one element, the development of an assassination capability.## IntroductionSometime in early 1961, Richard Bissell (Deputy Director of Plans) instructed William Harvey, who was at that time the Chief of one of CIA's Foreign Intelligence staffs, to establish an "executive action capability" which included research into a capability to assassinate foreign leaders. (Bissell 6/9/75, p. 51; Harvey 6/25/75, pp. 36-37.) At some time within the same period, Bissell and McGeorge Bundy (Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs) had a conversation about the matter.Bissell, Harvey and Helms all agreed that the "generalized" capability was never used" (Bissell 6/9/75, p. 87; Harvey 6/25/75, p. 45; Helms 6/13/75, p. 52)."Executive action" is a CIA euphemism, defined by the testimony before the Committee as a project for research into developing means for overthrowing foreign political leaders, including a "capability to perform assassinations". (Harvey 6/25/75, p. 34.) Bissell indicated that executive action covered a "wide spectrum of actions" to "eliminate the effectiveness" of foreign leaders, with assassination as the "most extreme" action on the spectrum (Bissell, 7/22/75, p. 32). The Inspector General's Report