Francesco/who-killed-jfk huggingface dataset:
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dire must be established.3.  a not-work of people must be set up to gather outside third-party information to corroborate the results of the survey and voir dire.The demographic-attitudinal survey is used to obtain precise information on the range of attitudinal patterns prevalent in a given judicial district. At a minimum, the following must be covered: demographic information, (age, sex, race, education, etc.) organizational affiliations, media contact, knowledge of the case, political ideology and attitudes toward core American values, social change, divergent life styles and alternative institutions, and toward the type of defendants and the charges specific to the case. A random sample of any of three groups will give the defense committee the demographic information necessary: 1) those who have already been called for jury duty, 2) the voter registration list, or 3) 1% of a cross-section of the population.The voir dire ratings are constructed by combining observations of behavior and attitudes expressed during the voir dire. This procedure is still being developed but there seems to be a high correlation between ratings of individual authoritarianism and types composed of demographic variables. For example, in the Rap Brown case, the attitudinal study pin-pointed the most "dangerous" defense juror as a male manager, engineer, government employee, or real estate broker, into the local establishment, Methodist or over 45, and who lived in a rural area or small,
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quiet town. His dependent authoritarianism rating was very high-just as you would expect from a juror whose values embraced authority, patriotism, conformity, government right or wrong, etc. The authoritarianism ratings can further be used as a reference point to make sense of the body language, costume and verbal ratings. These ratings become even more essential when faced with a limited voir dire.Schulman stresses that voir dire ratings should be done collectively. Defendants and trial lawyers should participate, but past trials have shown them to have definite problems with objective judgments in this area.A core of people from a cross-section of the community should be established to obtain information about the people on the venire list so that any inconsistencies between the voir dire ratings and the demographic ratings can be resolved. This can be done by asking 10 people to contact 3 friends, who in turn will contact 3 friends, who in turn etc. This should be done with a clear presentation of the kind of information needed and a clear understanding of what constitutes jury tampering.
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The following is a summary of a two-page report dated 7/31/74 furnished by Mary Jo Cook, a former FBI informant.The report covers the following matters:It appears as if the Revolutionary Union is making its move and focusing on the upcoming National Conference, An issue of "Winter Soldier" was received and its editorial was an RU editorial.The VVAW/WSO newsletter arrived from the National Office and listed three possible directions VVAW/WSO can take:1) Anti-imperialist veteran's organization with the supporters.2) A veteran's organization for veteran's only.3) A mass anti-imperialist organization with no base.A discussion concerning the National Office supporting or becoming aligned with the RU.NW 88296 Docld:32989550 Page 105
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The following is a summary of a two page report, dated 10/2/74, furnished by Mary Jo Cook, former FBI inform.nt.The report is entirely concerned with a demonstration held 9/11/74 in Buffalo protesting the policies of the American Government regarding the overthrow of the Allende Regime in Chile. Eight members of the VVAW/WSO attended, two from the Attica Brothers Legal Defense, one from Youth Against War and Fascism, two from Revolutionary Union, two from Anti-Monopoly Committee, three from Committee for Chilean Democracy, and four from a University in Buffalo.All of the above attendees were named, either by first or full name. One name was phonetic.
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62-1163952 - J. A. Mintz(1 - Mr. J. B. Hotis)1 - Mr. Wannall1 - Mr. Cregar1 - Mr. Deegan1 - Mr. KleinNovember 26, 1975U. S. SENATE SELECT COMMITTEE TOSTUDY GOVERNMENTAL OPERATIONS WITHRESPECT TO INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES (SSC)Reference is made to the letter from the Director of the Domestic Intelligence Task Force (SSC) to the Deputy Attorney General's Office dated November 24, 1975, requesting delivery of certain documents pertaining to Gary Thomas Love.Enclosed with this memorandum are a summary of information supplied by former FBI informant Gary Thomas Rowe, and other documents relating to the SSC request of November 24, 1975.In accordance with Mr. Robert Kelley of the SSC Staff, the documents pertaining to the financial arrangements between the FBI, Gary Thomas Rowe and the Department of Justice are not to be made public or used as exhibits in the course of testimony before the SSC.Enclosures - 101 - The Attorney GeneralSK:tdp/lhb/lhb(9)ORIGINAL AND ONE COPY TO AGAssoc. Dir. ______Dep. AD Adm. ______Dep. AD Inv. ______Asst. Dir.: ______Admin. ______Comp. Syst. ______Ext. Affairs ______Files & Com. ______Gen. Inv. ______Ident. ______Inspection ______Intell. ______Laboratory ______Plan. & Eval. ______Spec. Inv. ______Training ______Legal Coun. ______Telephone Rm. ______Director Sec'y ______MAIL ROOM ☐TELETYPE UNIT ☐NW 88296 DocId:32989550 Page 107![signature] MDR-16ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS UNCLASSIFIEDDATE 10/23/00 BY SP2 ALM/EHLGPO: 1975 0 - 569-920
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# SUMMARY OF INFORMATION SUPPLIED BYGARY THOMAS ROWE WHO WAS AN INFORMANTOF THE FBI FROM MAY, 1960, UNTIL JANUARY, 1966.I. INFORMANT REPORTS SUBMITTED BY GARY THOMAS ROWE1. On 5/14/61 Rowe advised that the burning of a bus   and the beating of individuals at a bus depot in   Alabama during May, 1961, was instituted by a local   Ku Klux Klan unit.2. On 5/17/61 Rowe stated that the Klan would try   to intercept a bus which was due to arrive in   Birmingham, Alabama, at 11 P.M. on 5/17/61. He   further stated that Klansmen should intercept   the bus on the highway and give all persons present,   whether black or white, an opportunity to get off.   They would be allowed to enter privately owned   automobiles and have a safe journey to the nearest   town. Rowe was advised by another Klansman that   those who refused to leave the bus would be beaten.3. On June 4, 1962, Rowe furnished copies of five   documents expected to be distributed by Klansmen   in order to discourage voters from voting for   certain candidates who allegedly supported   various civil rights groups.4. During March, 1962, Rowe furnished information   regarding a local Klan meeting at which 23
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Klansmen were present. The meeting centered around a Klansman's plan to run for a high state office. Also discussed was another candidate for this office.5. During July, 1962, Rowe advised that a Klansman told a select group of other Klansmen that "it looks as if the Negroes should be stopped now."This group of Klansmen was told that police officials had promised them protection and that a high state official would pardon them if arrested. This Klansman further advised that if a particular "militant Negro Integrationist" would appear at a certain restaurant with other Negroes he should be attacked and killed. Instructions were also issued by this Klansman that if this "militant Negro Integrationist" did not appear at this restaurant but sent other Negroes to stago a sit-in, then there would be no killing. He stated that these Negroes should be beaten with chains and clubs instead.6. During October, 1964, Rowe reported on Klan discussions regarding a plan to handle alleged "race mixing" at a local night club. Also discussed was a plan by Klansmon to bomb this night club.- 2 -
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## BUREAU HANDLING OF INFORMANTOn 4/17/64, the Bureau advised SAC, Birmingham, to immediately instruct Rowe to withdraw from his position as squad leader of an "action squad." SAC, Birmingham, was further advised that in the event Rove does not desire to withdraw from this leadership position, he should be discontinued as an informant.On 4/18/64, Rowe was advised by the Birmingham Office that he must remove himself as a squad leader of an "action squad."On 5/4/64, the Pureau advised SAC, Birmingham, that "in those cases whore you have an informant who is a member of a violent squad...you should insure that the informant understands he is not to direct, lead, or instigate any acts of violence." It was also pointed out that informant should be instructed to avoid participation in any act of violence.## KLAN VIOLENCE AT THE BIRMINGHAM BUS DEPOT 5/14/61By letter from the Bureau to 23 field offices, it was stated that a civil rights organization in-tended to make a nonviolent attempt to complete integration of bus service and related public accommodations in the South during the month of May.
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By internal Bureau remorandum dated 5/13/61, it was noted that information from a confidential informant (Rowe) was received concerning the possibility that local authorities may allow disturbances to generate against above civil rights group on 5/14/61, when they were due to arrive in Birmingham, Alabama. This memorandum shows that appropriate local law enforcement authorities were advised of the potential for violence in Birmingham prior to 5/14/61.NW 88296 Docld:32989550 Page 111
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5/26/651 - Mr. BoydAirtelSAC, BirminghamFrom: REC 19 Director, FBI (44-28601)EUGENE THOMAS, ET AL;VIOLA LIUZZO, AKA, ET AL - VICTIMSCIVIL RIGHTS - ELECTION LAWSMDR-16ALL INFORMATION CONTAINEDHEREIN IS UNCLASSIFIEDDATE 10/29/00 BY GLAFA/CHLReBuairtel to Birmingham 5/21/65 and SFairtel to Director 5/22/65 captioned ("EH 248-R.)ReSFairtel furnished information concerning outstanding indebtedness of Gary Thomas Rowe, Jr. The financial obligations he has incurred with the banking institutions and with the State of Alabama regarding unpaid sales tax appear to be dormant debts which would not necessarily have to be paid on a current basis as part of his living expenses. Following completion of the trials in this case, consideration will be given by the Dureau to a recommendation of a lump-sum payment which informant might use to help liquidate these obligations.With reference to the sums owed the power, gas, Telephone and realty companies, it is not clear whether these are current monthly expenses to the informant or rather dormant bills. Advise Bureau if these are precent expenses to the informant and, if not paid or services discontinued, what parties would be affected.ReSFairtel reflects informant has advised that the indebtedness with the Boothby Realty Company is accumulating day by day for rent of a residence going back to 2/1/65. The Bureau desires to know the purpose of informant maintaining this residence (presumably in Birmingham) and of informant's...TolsonBelmontMohrBelouchCasper 2 - Tampa (44-313)Callahan 2 - San FranciscoContad JJB/ral)Polt (8)Gale SEE NOTE ON PAGE TWO.RosonSullivanTavolTrotterTel. RoomHelmesSandyMAIL ROOM  TELETYPE UNITNW 88296 Docld:32989550 Page 112
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Airtel to BirminghamRE: EUGENE THOMAS, ET AL;intentions to continue to maintain this residence inasmuchas both he and his ex-wife are residing elsewhere.Informant's ex-wife has obtained employment at asalary of approximately $228 per month. She has fixedobligations that will amount to approximately $424 a monthand feels she could better meet her obligations if she werereceiving her alimony payments. Mrs. Rowe has stated sheis to receive alimony of $115 a month and that her ex-husbandis in arrears for a total of $690. The Bureau desires toknow what informant's thoughts are as to meeting thisobligation to his ex-wife. Also advise if informant considersthese payments as necessary monthly obligations that he wouldmeet under normal circumstances.The Birmingham Office is to give this your immediateattention and promptly advise the Bureau.NOTE:The Birmingham Office has pointed out that Rowe hasperformed an invaluable service to the Bureau and has saved anuntold amount of man power and various expenses in connectionwith the shooting of Mrs. Viola Liuzzo. Informant has beenin protective custody of the Bureau since 4/1/65 and not hadopportunity to be gainfully employed to meet various obligations.The Birmingham Office has recommended that the Bureau payinformant's outstanding bills in order to continue the excellentrelationship developed. We are presently paying him $16 per daysubsistence in lieu of expenses which figure was decided uponafter discussion with the Department. It is not desired to makea large payment at this time which could be construed as a paymentto Rowe for his testimony in the up-coming trials. Birminghampreviously requested to submit a detailed accounting of Rowe'sdebts showing their basis, when contracted and schedule ofpayments. The information received from the field needs to befurther clarified after which time this matter will be discussedwith the Department and its views obtained as to whether or notpayment of these debts would be judicious at this time.
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FBIDate: 5/21/65Transmit the following inVia AIRTEL (Type in plain text or code) AIRMAIL (Priority)TO: DIRECTOR, FBI (44-28601)FROM: SAC, TAMPA (44-313) (P)EUGENE THOMAS, ET AL.;VIOLA LIUZZO, akaET AL. - VICTIMSCR; EL(OO:BH)On 5/20/65, Mrs. DOROTHY M. ROWE again advised that she has not received any alimony payments from her ex-husband since the October, 1964, payment, which means he is in arrears 6 months, total due $690.Mrs. ROWE will commence work on 5/24/65 at a salary of approximately $57 per week, $228 per month. She has fixed obligations that will amount to approximately $424 per month. She has stated that if she were receiving her alimony payments she could better meet her obligations.Please advise what you have been able to accomplish re the alimony payments.3- Bureau2 - Birmingham2 - TampaJEW:cwp(7)MDR-14ALL INFORMATION CONTAINEDHEREIN IS UNCLASSIFIEDDATE 10/20/00 BY SPALIM/EHCREC 1944-296-1-3021 MAY 24 1965Approved: Sent M PerSpecial Agent in ChargeNW 88296 DocId:32989550 Page, 114
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# UNITED STATES GOVERNMENTMemorandumTO: Mr. BelmontFROM: A. RosenSUBJECT: EUGENE THOMAS, ET AL;VIOLA LIUZZO, AKA, ET AL -VICTIMSCIVIL RIGHTS - ELECTION LAWSDATE: 5-21-651- Mr. Sullivan1- Mr. Belmont1- Mr. Rosen1- Mr. Malley1- Mr. McGowan- Mr. HinesThe Birmingham Office has advised that our informantGary Thomas Rowe has current outstanding debts in the Birmingham,Alabama, area totaling $2350.03, and the SAC, Birminghamrecommends that these debts be paid by the Bureau in full.Birmingham points out that Rowe has performedinvaluable service to the Bureau in connection with the caseinvolving the shooting of Mrs. Viola Liuzzo, and his serviceshave saved the Bureau an untold amount of Agent manpower andvarious expenses connected with an extended major investigation.They point out that informant has been in protective custodyof the Bureau since 4-1-65, and as such, has not had anopportunity to be gainfully employed in order to meet variousfinancial obligations that he has been meeting in the past.Birmingham points out that it is absolutely imperative to insurethe possible success of the next trial tentatively scheduledfor September, 1965, that the excellent relationship developedwith Rowe must be retained, and to accomplish this Rowe shouldbe free as much as possible from the receipt of bills fromvarious creditors when he is not in a position to make payment.Birmingham listed outstanding bills of informantRowe as follows:|                                    |           || ---------------------------------- | --------- || Alabama Power Company              | $69.16    || Southern Bell Telephone Company    | 38.78     || Boothby Realty Company (Apartment) | 297.50    || State of Alabama (Sales Tax)       | 266.11    || Birmingham Trust National Bank     | 1,062.00  || Sears-Roebuck (Toys)               | 755.00    || Alabama Gas Corporation            | 29.58     || Cousin Joe's Loan Company          | 60.00     || First National Bank of Birmingham  | 451.95    || Total                              | $2,350.08 |Enclosure: 5-21-65
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Memorandum to Mr. BelmontRE: EUGENE THOMAS, ET AL## OBSERVATIONS OF GENERAL INVESTIGATIVE DIVISIONThe Bureau is currently paying Gary Thomas Rowe $16.00 per day subsistence in lieu of expenses. This figure was initially decided upon after discussion with the Department, and with the Department's approval, as it was recognized that the informant had to be removed from the Birmingham area for his protection and safety. The Department pointed out that it would not be desirable to make any lump sum or large payment to the informant so long as he might be called upon to testify, as any such large payments might be construed in court as a payment for his testimony, whereas payment of his living expenses can readily be justified as a necessity.In the trial of subject Collie Leroy Wilkins which began 5-3-65 and resulted in a hung jury, the Bureau was called upon to produce a record of payments to the informant. In a future trial, it is reasonable to expect that we will again be called upon to produce such a record. The payment of Rowe's debts at this time amounting to over two thousand dollars would appear in this record of payments to Rowe, and we certainly could not agree to pay such a large amount at this time without the Department's approval.With regard to the debts themselves, it would not appear from information furnished by Birmingham that they are all due and payable immediately, as the larger debts to the two banks would probably be payable in monthly installments. We could, with Department's approval, agree to payment of his smaller debts and monthly installments on these larger debts as they come due.## RECOMMENDATIONIn view of the above, it is recommended that Birmingham be instructed to submit a detailed accounting of Rowe's debts showing their basis, when they were contracted, due dates and a full breakdown of any installment contracts showing detailed schedule of payments. Upon receipt of this information, the matter will be discussed with the Department and their views as to whether or not payment of these debts at this time would be judicious, will be obtained. Airtel attached.
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# UNITED STATES GC RNMENTMemorandumTO : Mr. DeLoachMDR-14DATE: January 14, 1966FROM : A. RosenSUBJECT: EUGENE THOMAS, ET AL;VIOLA LIUZZO, AKA, ET AL - VICTIMSCIVIL RIGHTS - ELECTION LAWSIn response to the Director's inquiry concerning correspondence relating to the demands made by Gary Thomas Rowe, prior to his testifying in the Federal trial of the three subjects responsible for the shooting of Mrs. Viola Liuzzo, the following items are attached:(1) The teletype from Inspector J. L. McGovern dated 11-28-65, setting forth the substance of the discussion of John Doar, Assistant Attorney General, Civil Rights Division with Gary Thomas Rowe concerning demands made by Rowe. The teletype indicates that McGovern was present during Doar's discussion with Rowe and on page six of the teletype McGovern states that although Bureau personnel were present throughout the interviews between Doar and Rowe, Bureau personnel made no assurance, promises, nor commitments to him.(2) A copy of the teletype from Mr. McGovern dated 11-23-65, which sets forth in detail the demands made by Rowe. Because of the urgency of relaying Rowe's demands to the Department, a Xerox copy of the teletype was prepared deleting the transmittal data at the top of page one and the last paragraph on page one continuing to the top of page two wherein Rowe expressed his confidence in Bureau personnel and felt he had been let down by the Department and does not trust its representatives.(3) A copy of the memorandum as prepared from McGovern's teletype of 11-23-65 as actually furnished to Mr. John Doar on 11-24-65.(4) Attached is a memorandum from Mr. Rosen to Mr. Belmont dated 11-24-65 recording the discussion of Supervisor J. William Hines with Mr. Doar wherein he was furnished the memorandum (Item 3) and the demands were discussed.
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Rosen to DeLoach MemorandumRE: EUGENE THOMASDoar indicated in this discussion that the DepartmentSCOOwould assume responsibility for handling Rowe's demands asnoted in paragraph three where he said that he wouldpersonally meet with Rowe in Tampa, Florida, and that he,Doar, would make every effort to build Rowe's confidence,resolve the conditions set forth by Rowe, and obtain histestimony.ACTION:For your information.-- 2 --NW 88296. Docld:32989550 Page 118
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DECODED COPYAIRGRAM CABLEGRAM RADIO TELETYPE6:33 PM EST URGENT 11-28-65 RLSTO DIRECTOR MDR-16FROM TAMPA 281615ALL INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS UNCLASSIFIED DATE 10/20/00FROM INSPECTOR J. L. MC GOVERN.EUGENE THOMAS, ET AL, VIOLA EIUZZO-VICTIM, CR-ELBIRMINGHAM ORIGIN.RE TAMPA TELEPHONE CALL NOVEMBER 27 LAST.ASSISTANT ATTORNEY GENERAL JOHN DOAR ARRIVED TAMPAAFTERNOON NOVEMBER 26 AND FOLLOWING BRIEFING CONFERENCEINTERVIEWED GARY THOMAS ROWE AT GREAT LENGTH. INTERVIEWCONCERNED CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH ROWE WOULD TESTIFY ASOUTLINED SAN FRANCISCO TELETYPE NOVEMBER 23.AT OUTSET OF INTERVIEW DOAR INDICATED THAT FEDERALGOVERNMENT RECOGNIZED OBLIGATION TO PROVIDE FOR ROWE ANDFAMILY WITH RESPECT TO FUTURE EMPLOYMENT, RELOCATION ANDREIMBURSEMENT FOR INCONVENIENCES SUFFERED BY ROWE AND12 DEC 2 1965
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4 (Rev. 12-14-64)DECODED COPYAIRGRAM CABLEGRAM RADIO XXX TELETYPEPAGE TWO FROM TAMPA 281615FAMILY INCLUDING LOSS OF INCOME DURING PERIOD OF RELOCATION.MR. DOAR POINTED OUT TO ROWE THAT THE CONDITIONS PREVIOUSLY OUTLINED BY ROWE WERE NOT CONSIDERED UNREASONABLE. ALSO INDICATED THAT THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT DID NOT CONSIDER ROWE'S INABILITY TO IDENTIFY LEROY MOTON AS THE OCCUPANT OF THE CAR WITH MRS. LIUZZO AS BEING HARMFUL TO THE GOVERNMENT'S CASE; IF ROWE FELT MOTON WAS NOT THE NEGRO OCCUPANT, HE SHOULD SO TESTIFY.MR. DOAR ADVISED ROWE THAT THE GOVERNMENT COULD NOT IN GOOD CONSCIENCE GIVE HIM AN AGREEMENT IN WRITING WHEREBY HE WOULD BE ASSURED THAT HE WOULD NOT BE REQUIRED TO TESTIFY IN ANY FUTURE PROCEEDINGS REGARDLESS OF THE OUTCOME OF THE TRIAL TO COMMENCE NOVEMBER 29. MR. DOAR POINTED OUT THAT SUCH AN AGREEMENT IF GIVEN, WOULD BE OF NO VALUE TO ROWE AS IT WOULD BE A WORTHLESS COMMITMENT RELATING TO EVENTS WHICH MIGHT OCCUR IN THE FUTURE AND NOT UNDER THE CONTROL OF PRESENT GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS.NW 88296 Docld:32989550 Page 120
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DECODED COPYAIRGRAM CABLEGRAM RADIO TELETYPEPAGE THREERFROM TAMPA 281615THROUGHOUT THE INTERVIEW, ROWE APPEARED TO BE AWARE OF THE POSITION OF THE GOVERNMENT; AND WHILE NOT ANTAGONISTIC, REMAINED ADAMANT IN REFUSING TO CHANGE THE POSITION HE HAD PREVIOUSLY TAKEN IN REFUSING TO TESTIFY UNLESS THE CONDITIONS OUTLINED WERE MET.AT THE CONCLUSION OF THE INTERVIEW-BY MR. DOAR, AT WHICH TIME ROWE HAD NOT CHANGED HIS POSITION, HE WAS FURTHER INTERVIEWED AT GREAT LENGTH BY BUREAU PERSONNEL. ROWE FINALLY INDICATED THAT IF IT WERE AGREEABLE TO HIS WIFE, HE WOULD TESTIFY WITHOUT RECEIVING A WRITTEN AGREEMENT RELATING TO FUTURE TESTIMONY PROVIDED HE DID RECEIVE WRITTEN ASSURANCE RELATING TO HIS TESTIMONY WHICH MIGHT INVOLVE LEROY MOTON.ON THE MORNING OF NOVEMBER 27 THE RESULTS OF THE INTERVIEW WITH BUREAU PERSONNEL WERE MADE KNOWN TO MR. DOAR, AND THEREAFTER CONTACT WAS MADE WITH ROWE'S WIFE. ROWE