Francesco/who-killed-jfk huggingface dataset:
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750. a my recollection and therefore would notseem to me that in fairness to both theould make it available to you.Respectfully yours,![signature]s, Esq.751Thursday, April 2, 1964Harold Reis9:35 a.m. SAWSol Lindenbaum ) Civil 9:35 a.m. SAWJoseph Dolan ) Rights 9:35 a.m. SAWDavid Filvaroff ) briefing 9:35 a.m. SAWJohn Douglas )9:35 a.m. SAWJack Rosenthal )9:35 a.m. SAWBurke Marshall )9:35 a.m. SAWDavid Filvaroff 11:55 a.m. SAWWilliam Foley 12:27 p.m. SAWWilliam Orrick 1:50 p.m. SAWMarshal McShane 2:37 p.m. SAWDavid Filvaroff 3:10 p.m. SAWWilliam Geoghegan 3:25 p.m. SAWEdgar Cahn, O.L.C 3:30 p.m. SAWBurke Marshall 3:32 p.m. SAWBurke Marshall 4:07 p.m. SAW[Lawrence Houston, CIA 4:08 p.m. SAW[Richard Helms, CIA 4:08 p.m. SAW[David Murphy, CIA 4:08 p.m. SAW[J. Walter Yeagley 4:08 p.m. SAW[William Foley, Crim. Div. 4:08 p.m. SAW[Defector Case]Addressed Brandeis Univ. 4:40 p.m. SAWStudents (40) in AG's officeSol Lindenbaum 6:45 p.m. SAWJohn Douglas 6:56 p.m. SAWWilliam Orrick 7:06 p.m. SAWDavid Filvaroff 7:12 p.m. SAWJoseph Dolan 7:15 p.m. SAWFriday, April 3, 1964John Durfner (white Motor) 9:15 a.m. SAWSol Lindenbaum 9:30 a.m. SAWHarold Reis ) Civil 9:30 a.m. SAWDavid Filvaroff ) Rights 9:30 a.m. SAWBurke Marshall ) briefing 9:30 a.m. SAWJack Rosenthal )9:30 a.m. SAWJoseph Dolan )9:30 a.m. SAWNdeBK to Puerto Rico 10:15 a.m.
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# INVESTIGATION OF THE ASSASSINATION# OF PRESIDENT JOHN F. KENNEDYHEARINGSBEFORE THESELECT COMMITTEE ON ASSASSINATIONSOF THEU.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVESNINETY-FIFTH CONGRESSSECOND SESSIONSEPTEMBER 22, 25, AND 26, 1978VOLUME IVPrinted for the use of the Select Committee on Assassinations![decorative element]U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICEWASHINGTON : 1979For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing OfficeWashington, D.C. 20402Stock Number 052-070-04906-5
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# LEVEL 1 - 20 OF 80 STORIESPAGE 6Copyright 1993 American Broadcasting Companies, Inc.All rights reservedABC NEWSSHOW: 20/20 (ABC 9:00 pm ET)August 27, 1993Transcript # 1337TYPE: Show; ShowSECTION: News; DomesticLENGTH: 8240 wordsHEADLINE: Case ClosedGUESTS: MARK LANE, Author/Attorney; GERALD POSNER, Author, "Case Closed"; Dr.PEPPER JENKINS; Sheriff JIM BOWLES, Dallas; URI NOSENKO, Former KGB Agent;ROBERT OSWALD, BrotherHIGHLIGHT:Lynn Sherr reports on a new book about the JFK assassination, and interviewsauthor Gerald Posner, who says computer enhancements prove LeeHarvey Oswaldacted alone, and was not a Mafia or KGB agent.BODY:BARBARA WALTERS, ABC News: Good Evening. I'm Barbara Walters. Hugh Downs ison vacation. This is 20/20.ANNOUNCER: From ABC News, around the world and into your home, the stories thattouch your life, with Hugh Downs and Barbara Walters this is 20/20.Tonight, 30 years after the Kennedy assassination, will a powerful new book endthe controversy once and for all? Investigative journalist Gerald Posner says hehas the answers about Oswald, the magic bullet, and every conspiracy theory tocome along. Lynn Sherr's explosive report - 'Case Closed.'And-SELMA SCHIMMEL, Breast Cancer Survivor: [sp?] Who is equipped to think of dyingin your 20's or 30's?ANNOUNCER: -if you think it only happens to older women, you're wrong.KERI DEARBORN, Breast Cancer Survivor: And everyone told me I was too young tohave breast cancer, and I thought they were right.ANNOUNCER: It's happening more and more, and doctors admit the younger you are,the harder it is to detect.Dr. TIMOTHY JOHNSON, ABC News Medical Editor: Mammography can have an error rateof up to 40 percent in young women versus a rate of less than 15 percent inolder women.![logo of lexis nexis]
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20/20 (ABC), August 27, 1993 PAGE 7ANNOUNCER: For women in their 20's and 30's, Dr. Timothy Johnson has some shocking news - 'It Could Happen to You.'Plus, can gay men be made straight? This therapist says he transforms homosexuals. This man once preferred men. Today, he's happy with his wife.JOHN STOSSEL, ABC News: And now is sexuality an important part of your marriage.RICHARD COHEN, Nicolosi Patient: Oh, yes. We have good sex, if that's what you're asking.ANNOUNCER: Others claim treatment is helping them-'ALEX,' Nicolosi Patient: For the first time in my life, you know, 30 years of my life, I feel alive.ANNOUNCER: -but in the gay community, backlash.GAY MAN: This is not a disease. There's no such thing as a cure.ANNOUNCER: John Stossel brings you the hot debate over gay men. Are they 'Born or Bred?' Those stories tonight, August 27, 1993, after this brief message.[Commercial break]Case ClosedBARBARA WALTERS: The Kennedy assassination was back in the headlines all this week when more than 900,000 pages of previously classified government files were finally opened after nearly 30 years. And while close to half the current population wasn't even alive at the time, the controversy surrounding that event continues to haunt us all.The fact is a majority of Americans don't believe the Warren Commission, and do believe some form of conspiracy was involved. But now, a powerful new book claims to have the last word. Its conclusion? Lee Harvey Oswald did indeed act alone. The book is titled Case Closed, but is it?[voice-over] Whatever side you're on in this still-raging controversy, you'll want to see Lynn Sherr's report now.LYNN SHERR, ABC News: [voice-over] No period in an American presidency has been as controversial, as thoroughly analyzed or as frequently written and speculated about as the final six seconds in John F. Kennedy's life.1st NEWSCASTER: [?] Three shots were fired at the President's motorcade as it passed out of the downtown area of Dallas.SHERR: [voice-over] No detail about the final moments of the President's life has been spared scrutiny. Every eyewitness account, ballistics test, photograph, medical conclusion and investigative finding has been challenged, reinterpreted or dismissed, then woven into countless theories. For three decades, an already skeptical American public has been left wondering if we would ever learn the truth about what happened in Dealey [sp?] Plaza on November 22, 1963.![Lexis Nexis Logo]
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PAGE 820/20 (ABC), August 27, 1993MAN: [?] The President of the United States, John Fitzgerald Kennedy, is dead. Let us pray.SHERR: The official version of what happened is that from that sixth-floor corner window, acting alone, Lee Harvey Oswald fired three shots, the third of which ended the life of America's 35th president. But that's too simple an explanation for a great many Americans, and for conspiracy theorists, far too convenient that one man alone did it. Doubters insist that the shot or shats that killed the President came from behind that fence on the grassy knoll, or from a railroad overpass just beyond.MARK LANE, Author/Attorney: Shots came from at least two directions. A bullet hit the President in the back. A bullet hit him in the throat. It came from the front. A bullet hit him in the head. It came from the front. That was three shots. At least one bullet hit Governor Connolly [sp?1, One bullet missed, struck the curb.SHERR: [voice-over] Attorney/author Mark Lane, one of the most persistent and prolific of conspiracy theorists, has long insisted that the Warren Commission was wrong, and covered up critical evidence that might make it possible to identify the President's assassins.Mr. LANE: Today, with hundreds of thousands of documents in the vaults of the CIA, the DI [?], and the FBI and the National Archives which we can't see the cover-up is continuing.SHERR: [voice-over] But another lawyer-turned-author, Gerald Posner, says evidence available to researchers and conspiracy buffs for years led him directly to the only person who could possibly have shot the President.GERALD POSNER, Author, 'Case Closed': Lee Harvey Oswald killed Jack Kennedy, acting alone.SHERR: [voice-over] Posner, author of Case Closed, the culmination of a three-year, exhaustive reexamination of the Kennedy assassination, concedes that in identifying a familiar culprit, he's not likely to win over many conspiracy buffs. But he says the evidence didn't allow for any other suspects.Mr. POSNER: Most people who have written conspiracy books started with their conclusion already done. They knew it was a conspiracy in their heart, and they went around to prove that case.SHERR: [voice-over] One of the major assassination controversies Posner seeks to resolve is the number of shots fired, where they came from, and which ones struck the President. Using recently-developed computer enhancements of the home movie taken by Abraham Zapruder, Posner explained for 20/20 how he says he was able to count the shots, for which he says Oswald had more time than the Warren Commission believed.Mr. POSNER: Oswald's first shot, which missed, was fired much earlier than anyone realized just after the car turned the corner. Evidence of this is overlooked by most experts. It's in the film. In the upper righthand corner of your screen, you'll see a little girl. She's heard that shot and turned. In the car, the President and Mrs. Kennedy and the Governor also heard the shot and![logo of lexis nexis]
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PAGE 920/20 (ABC), August 27, 1993turned. After this shot, Oswald, still had over eight seconds, not five, for the next two.The second shot is fired. This bullet hits both Kennedy and Connolly. After passing through Kennedy, you see it go through the Governor, as his suit lapel flaps forward. A computer technician discovered that crucial detail just last year.SHERR: [voice-over] This is the so-called 'magic bullet' that seemed to zigzag through the two men.Mr. POSNER: This computer animation illustrates that the second bullet needed no magic. Because of the way the two men were lined up, this bullet passed directly through them. It turned only after it slowed down and shattered Connolly's wrist - no zigs, no zags.SHERR: How could that bullet have emerged so clean, with no flaws on it, really, whatsoever?Mr. POSNER: I was skeptical about that bullet, and I think that was the thing that stops many people from believing Oswald did it alone. It emerged so clean because that it went through Kennedy, it slowed up. When it went through Connolly's chest, it slowed up. By the time it hit the big bone in his wrist, which everybody thinks would damage it, it was traveling at half or a third of its speed - fast enough to crush the bone, but not fast enough to deform the bullet.SHERR: (voice-over] The sudden backward motion of the President's head as the third and final bullet struck, blowing away part of his skull, has led many to believe that the shot came from the front, but Posner says normal neurological reflexes make the body stiffen when struck, causing it to move back.And Dr. Pepper Jenkins, one of the physicians attending the President at Parkland Hospital, points to yet another possible factor, the brace President Kennedy wore for his chronic back pain.Dr. PEPPER JENKINS: He was so tightly wound into a brace that- the metal coming up his back, and he was tied to the metal or strapped to the metal with an Ace bandage.SHERR: In the Zapruder film and in all the pictures we've seen- well, how do you describe what the body is doing, having seen the brace?Dr. JENKINS: Well, I would think you couldn't fall forward. I think you'd have to fall backwards or aside.SHERR: Because?Dr. JENKINS: Because the brace held him in such a position.2nd NEWSCASTER: [?] At approximately one o'clock, the President is dead. The doctors were working too frantically to revive him to notice the exact moment.SHERR: [voice-over] Dr. Jenkins also has a very poignant memory of Mrs. Kennedy sometime standing next to him.
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PAGE 1020/20 (ABC), August 27, 1993Dr. JENKINS: She had such a drawn look. I really feel like she was in shock, andshe was just holding her hands, one above the other. And one of the times, shenudged me with her elbow and handed me something in her hand, which is part ofhis brain that obviously was in her lap- with his head in her lap as the carcame to Parkland. Bad moment.SHERR: [voice-over] After examining computer animation of the presidentiallimousine and its passengers, Posner sought to show where in Dealey Plaza, theshots came from.Mr. POSNER: Kennedy and Connolly are placed into computer animation, and workingback from their wounds, the computer determines the only possible location forthe assassin, as indicated by the yellow shading. Notice that Oswald'ssixth-floor window is right in the center of it.Mr. LANE: Posner believes the magic-bullet theory. Next, I guess, we're going tohear about the Tooth Fairy. It's just mathematically impossible. No one has everbeen able to recreate what it is said that Lee Harvey Oswald did.SHERR: Well, they've done it- he's done it now with a computer enhancement-Mr. LANE: I know that.SHERR: -and he claims the computer shows that it's absolutely the way ithappened.Mr. LANE: Well, he's entitled to his computer. The American people were there,and they testified, and two-thirds of them said they know shots came from thewooden fence.SHERR: [voice-over] What about that reported fourth shot fired from the grassyknoll? When the House Select Committee on Assassinations concluded in 1978 thatthere was a 95-percent certainty of such a shot, conspiracy theorists wereheartened, but the committee's finding, according to Dallas Sheriff Jim Bowles[sp?1, was based on a static-filled Dictabelt recording of a Dallas policemotorcycle radio stuck in the on position. The sheriff says the motorcyclewasn't even in Dealey Plaza, but the committee heard four shots. We couldn'thear any.[interviewing] You have a copy of that tape, right?Sheriff JIM BOWLES, Dallas: I certainly do.SHERR: Why don't you play it, and let's take a listen. Is that a shot?Sheriff BOWLES: No, that's the motorcycle slowing down, see?SHERR: I didn't hear any shots.Sheriff BOWLES: Neither has anyone else. They listened to the same belts welistened to, and they claimed to hear four shots.SHERR: So where do you think the four shots came from on the House SelectCommittee's tape?![logo of lexis nexis]
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PAGE 1120/20 (ABC), August 27, 1993Sheriff BOWLES: You have to ask them.Mr. POSNER: They clearly went down the wrong path. The National Academy of Sciences reviewed their work later, and pointed out all the flaws in it. They just made an error on that Dictabelt. There is no fourth shot. There's no shot at all, even, to hear.SHERR: Even if people accepted the physical evidence gathered here in Dealey Plaza, and agreed that it tended to support the Warren Commission's findings, that would not end the speculation. Surveys show that most Americans doubt that Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone, believing instead that he was either part of or himself became a victim of a conspiracy.LEE HARVEY OSWALD: I didn't shot anybody, no, sir.3rd NEWSCASTER: [?] Oswald has been shot!SHERR: What about the Ruby- the Jack Ruby-organized crime connection? Clearly, there was a connection there.Mr. POSNER: No question. As a matter of fact, I think the Warren Commission underplayed Jack Ruby's organized crime connections.SHERR: Isn't there some evidence, then, that he might have been acting on their behalf to wipe out Oswald?Mr. POSNER: Right. No. If he had a contract from organized crime, why didn't he shoot Oswald when he saw him for the first time two days earlier? On the day Ruby finally killed Oswald, it was only by chance that their paths crossed. He was not acting on behalf of organized crime. He was acting for his own motivation, this desire, as he thought, to be a hero in Dallas, that he would erase the stain and the stigma attached to the city that had been done by the President's murder.SHERR: You're saying Jack Ruby acted all by himself,.a lone-gunman theory once again?Mr. POSNER: Without any doubt.SHERR: [voice-over] Posner also explained his views on the many conspiracy theories about the assassination.ROBERT F. KENNEDY: Did you say, 'That S.O.B., I'll break his back'?JIMMY HOFFA: Who?Mr. KENNEDY: You.Mr. HOFFA: Who's the 'who'?SHERR: The Mafia wanted the President killed, because that would get rid of Bobby Kennedy, who was going after organized crime.Mr. POSNER: I would not be surprised if the Mafia, in 1962 or '63, sat at a
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PAGE 1220/20 (ABC), August 27, 1993table with some of its key henchman, and discussed killing President Kennedy.They did hate him. They might have even had a conspiracy afoot. There is no tiebetween Lee Harvey Oswald and organized crime. There's not opportunity for himto have been their assassin. In essence, he beat the Mafia to Kennedy.SHERR: How about, as in the Oliver Stone movie, JFK, the military industrialcomplex?Mr. POSNER: The movie, JFK, served what I call the kitchen sink. If you can'tjust have one of them, let's have everybody in the plot, because they all havesome reason to knock off Kennedy.JIM GARRISON: We have the mystery of the assassination of the President solved,and there is no question about it.SHERR: What about the Garrison investigation?Mr. POSNER: He had great delusions on the assassination. I think it's adisgrace. It was a travesty of justice, a miscarriage of justice. Garrison knewit. I discovered files of his investigation - documents, affidavits, memos fromhis investigators - which showed the extent of this scam that was pulled on theAmerican public. Here was a man who knew better. I think his behavior actuallycrossed the line to being criminal.SHERR: Is there any evidence- do you believe at all that Lee Harvey Oswald wasworking on behalf of the CIA to kill the President?Mr. POSNER: No. I don't believe the CIA had any connection, not only to kill thePresident, but they had no connection to Oswald at all. And the reason that Ican say that so confidently to you is actually an unusual source. It's the KGBfiles. The KGB files, which had surveillance on Oswald for day in and day outfor nearly two years in Russia, came to the conclusion that he was not a sleeperagent, that he had no American intelligence contact.SHERR: [voice-over] So if Oswald wasn't working for the CIA, how about the KGB?After all, he spoke Russian, defected to the Soviet Union in 1959, married, aRussian, and lived in Minsk for two years.Mr. POSNER: A popular early theory, popular that we now see in the documentsjust released this past week in Washington. The KGB was high on the CIA'Spossible list of targets. The KGB did not want Oswald from day one. Theyrealized Oswald had problems, psychological problems.URI NOSENKO, Former KGB Agent: [sp?] I do not think that Oswald will be trustedby any intelligence.SHERR: [voice-over] Uri Nosenko is someone who might know. Before defecting tothe United States in 1963, Nosenko was Oswald's KGB handler, and had access tohis file. He insists Oswald never worked for the KGB. Still concerned about hisown safety, Nosenko asked 20/20 not to show his face.Mr. NOSENKO: Lee Harvey Oswald was mentally unstable.SHERR: [voice-over] But unlike Posner, Nosenko says he doesn't believe Oswaldcould have shot the President for a very simple reason.
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PAGE 1320/20 (ABC), August 27, 1993Mr. NOSENKO: In Minsk, he was shooting rabbits with shotgun. Would you believe it? He never shoot a single rabbit. And here we see person shooting rifle on a long distance, and shooting three, four shots in several seconds.Mr. POSNER: He didn't get a rabbit, and therefore that's used as evidence that he couldn't kill the President? But talk to those who actually knew what Oswald was like with a gun, his brother who used to go out with him.ROBERT OSWALD, Brother: We have shot cottontail rabbits with .22's on the run, okay? We've shot squirrels in the trees with .22's.SHERR: [voice-over] Robert Oswald says his younger brother was always interested in guns. He still has the pistol Lee Oswald bought when he was 16.Mr. OSWALD: My experience with him in the field with a shotgun or a .22 was he usually got his game.SHERR: [voice-over] And Lee Harvey Oswald used the same rifle that killed the President only weeks earlier in a failed attempt to murder to retired Army general Edwin Walker. In other words, according to author Gerald Posner, Oswald, a loser in life, wanted to accomplish something.MAN: [?] Lee Harvey Oswald, O, S, W, A, L, D.REPORTER: Did you fire that rifle?LEE HARVEY OSWALD: That's the facts that you people have been getting, but I emphatically deny these charges.SHERR: [voice-over] If, as you say, Lee Harvey Oswald was not working with the mob or with the CIA or with the KGB or with the military industrial complex, why did he kill the President?Mr. POSNER: I think that Oswald killed the President, because this was to be almost his fulfillment, his moment in the sun. Three days before Kennedy arrives in Dallas, he's given a gift on a silver platter. Jack Kennedy's going to pass in front of the Depository. It's not ideology, it's not because he's Communist, but it's because he has that opportunity to place himself in history. Here we are, 30 years later, talking about him. He was successful. He got his wish.WALTERS: Well, there's a lot of proof. Is the case closed?SHERR: Well, certainly, Gerald Posner believes so, but out experience is that people on the other side are so dug in, it's unlikely anything is going to change their mind. You know, even at Dealey Plaza, there are people just walking around, telling you what their theories are. And incidentally, Barbara, Dealey Plaza-WALTERS: Which is where assassination took place.SHERR: -which is where it took place-WALTERS: Yeah.
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20/20 (ABC), August 27, 1993 PAGE 14SHERR: It's so much smaller in real life-WALTERS: Really?SHERR: -than it appears-WALTERS: I think of it as a huge-SHERR: Right.WALTERS: -kind of highway.SHERR: It's quite small, and Posner points out that if all the eyewitnesses wha have come forward were in fact there that day, it would have been elbow to elbow. In fact, it was not very crowded that day.WALTERS: Nine hundred thousand documents released this week- what, 10,000 more to come. Is that going to settle anything?SHERR: Unlikely. That, however, is the one area where both sides agree - unclassify all those documents. Otherwise- and even so, this is going to be argued for generations to come.WALTERS: Probably. Probably. Thank you, Lynn.Next, most people feel that breast cancer only attacks women over the age of 50.[voice-over] But Dr. Tim Johnson reports that more and more young women are discovering they have a special battle to fight. What should you know? After this.[Commercial break]It Could Happen to YouBARBARA WALTERS: The American Cancer Society's meetings on breast cancer are taking place in Boston this week, and from that conference come reports of a disturbing new trend - younger women diagnosed with the disease at a growing rate. Though diagnostic tests have improved over the years, breast cancer in younger women presents a special and quite serious set of problems.[voice-overl And as Dr. Tim Johnson reports, if you are under 40, much of what you previous learned about the disease may not apply to you.TERESA ROBERSON, Breast Cancer Survivor: I had lumps before, they were all- they turned out to be cysts. But I knew this was different.GAYLE RUSSELL, Breast Cancer Survivor: I had no history of any type of cancer in my family, so I was very surprised.KERI DEARBORN, Breast Cancer Survivor: And everyone told me I was too young to have breast cancer, and I thought they were right.Dr. TIMOTHY JOHNSON, ABC News Medical Editor: [voice-over] A disease they thought they were too young to get, but more and more, the woman on the![logo of lexis nexis]Services of Mead Data Central, Inc.