Francesco/who-killed-jfk huggingface dataset:
[104-10225-10027.pdf — page 38]
SECRETMRS. ALLENDE'S ATTACK AGAINST SECRETARY KISSINGER WAS CARRIED IN "LA TERCEMA" BUT NOT IN "EL MERCURIO".5. IN TAKING THE EXAGGERATED POSITION IT HAS ON THE REVEL-TIONS, EL MERCURIO HAS LEFT ITSELF VULNERABLE TOBEING EMBARRASSED AND CONTRADICTED BY STATEMENTS (SUCH AS THE PRESIDENT'S) THAT ARE MORE ACCURATE PRESENTATIONS OF WHAT WENT ON IN CHILE PRE-COUF. EL MERCURIO MAY WELL HAVE TAKE THIS POSITION BECAUSE, BESIDES THEIR RIGHT-WING VIENS, THE CURRENT MANAGEMENT IS GENUINELY IGNORANT OF THE FUNDING THAT TOOK PLACE WHEN FUBRIG-2 WAS RUNNING THE SHOW, FUERIG-2 WHO SCHEDULED TO RETURN TO CHILE 18 SEPTEMBER, HAS TOLD COS THAT NO ONE CURRENTLY AT EL MERCURIO KNOWS OF FUND-ING. EVEN CURRENT MINISTER OF ECONOMY LENIZ DOES NOT KNOW DETAILS BUT HAD SUSPICION ABOUT INFUSION OF FUNDS THAT TOOK PLACE IN U.P. ERA, WE WILL ATTEMPT TO MONITOR INTERNAL EL MERCURIO REACTION THROUGH FUBRIG-2.6. FILE: DEFER. E2 IMPDETSECRET
[104-10225-10027.pdf — page 39]
SECRETSECRET 161510Z SEP 74 STAFFCITE SANTIAGO 30318TO: DIRECTOR,RYBATREFS: A. SANTIAGO 30293(LIP 355699)B. SANTIAGO EMBASSY 5628 (#41039)1. "EL MERCURIO" OF 14 SEPTEMBER 1974 DEVOTED ENTIRE PAGE 29 TO HARRINGTON REVELATIONS ABOUT CIA FUNDING IN CHILE UNDER HEADLINE "KENNEDY PLAN AGAINST EL MERCURIO". COVERAGE INCLUDED COMPLETE TEXT OF HARRINGTON LETTER TO MR. THOMAS MORGAN AND REPRINTS OF SEYMOUR HERSCH ARTICLE FROM "NEW YORK TIMES" AND AP DISPATCH FROM "WASHINGTON STAR", LATTER IDENTIFYING "EL MERCURIO" AS CHILEAN NEWSPAPER ALLEGEDLY RECEIVING FUNDS FROM CIA. ALSO INCLUDED A 13 SEPTEMBER AP ITEM DATE LINED WASHINGTON QUOTING DIRECTOR COLBY THAT "CIA WAS NOT INVOLVED IN THE MILITARY COUP".2. DO NOT KNOW REASONS THT MOTIVATED "EL MERCURIO" TO PUBLISH EXTENSIVE COVERAGE. OF HARRINGTON REVELATIONS. SPECULATE THEY DECIDED TO TAKE OFFENSIVE TO ATTEMPT TO MITIGATE DAMAGING NATURE OF THE MATERIAL AGAINST "ELSECRET
[104-10225-10027.pdf — page 40]
A SEC OISSEM D PERSON UNIT NOTIFIEDTOTAL COPIESSECRETREPRODUCTION OΥ ΩΣΗΕΑ ΤHANISSUING OFFICE IS ΓΠΟΗΙΟΙΤΕEDACE COPY ISSURD SLOTTED PY ATSTAFFFICN UNIT 1 RF FILE VR2 5ON7 419128 E14568 PAGE 22 IN 361362TOR:1615362 SEP 74 SAGO 33318"MERCURIO" ITSELF, THE HEADLINE AND A SHORT EDITORIAL COMMENTINTRODUCING ABOVE COVERAGE DESCRIBES THESE DEVELOPMENTSAS "NEW AND GROTESQUE EPISODE IN THE ANTI-CHILEAN CAMPAIGN"AND ATTEMPTS TO TIE REPRESENTATIVE HARRINGTON CLOSELY TOSENATOR EDWARD KENNEDY (WHO HAS SINCE THE COUP BEEN UNDERSTEADY ATTACK HERE FOR HIS CRITICISM OF THE MILITARY INTER-VENTION AND SUBSEQUENT EVENTS IN CHILE), "EL MERUCIRO" MAKESCONNECTION WITH RECENT REVELATIONS BE REP, HARRINGTON BY"EL MERCURIO" OF AN ARTICLE FROM "MC CALLS" WHICH DEALT WITHCHAPPAQUIDICK IN A MANNER UNFAVORABLE TO SENATOR KENNEDY.3. "EL MERCURIO" RESPONSE. HOWEVER, WILL HAVE NET EFFECT   OF RAISING MORE QUESTIONS HERE THAN IT ANSWERS. THIS INCREASED   PUBLICITY WILL INCREASE PRESSURE ON AND POSSIBLY SCRUITINY OF   STATION ASSETS INVOLVED AND MAY AFFECT THOSE NOT DIRECTLY   INVOLVED. ON 13 SEPTEMBER, FUPOCKET-1 WAS QUESTIOND BY   NEWSWEEK REPORTER HERE ABOUT HIS KNOWLEDGE OF FUNDING.   FUPOCKET-L DENIED ALL KNOWLEDGE OF ANY FUNDING FROM FOREIGN   SOURCES. DETAILS FOLL SEPARATE CASLE.4. REQUEST HQS KEEP STATION UP-TO-DATE ON ANY PLANS OR   CONCRETE ACTIONS TO CONTINUE INVESTIGATION OF REVELATIONS.SECRET
[104-10225-10027.pdf — page 41]
VOLE SEC DISSEM BY PERSUON UNIT NOTIFIEDTOTAL COMOSECRETDANCE COPY ISSUED SLOTIO BY AT ZRF FILE VRACTIONT 419108 EIA668 PAGE 03-03 IN 361362TOR:161536Z SEP 74 SAGO 303185. FILE: DEFER, E2 IMPDETSECRET
[104-10225-10027.pdf — page 42]
7.71 MPG 3/74CABLE EЕС ОБЬЕM BY PENPERBON/UNIT NOTIFIEDADVANCE COPY LOULD SOLIKAQTION UNIT.FILE VRTOTAL COPIES 21-5SECRETREPRODUCTION BY OTHERIDBUING OFFICE IS PROMIDISTAFFT 411313 EIA140 PAGE 01 IN 358699TOR11218062 SEP 74 SAGO 30293SECRET 121711Z SEP 74 STAFFCITE SANTIAGO 30293TO: DIRECTOR.RYBATREFSI A. DIRECTOR 595482B. SANTIAGO 30253 (≈ 354910)1. FOLLOWING STATION AGENTS WERE CONTACIED, PERIOD 8-10 SEPTEMBER, IN CONNECTION WITH REFERENCE REVELATIONS. THEIR COMMENTS AND REACTIONS FOLLOW.2. FUERMINE-1 CONCERNED BUT RELIEVED THAT NO NAMES WERE MENTIONED. COMMENTED THAT TIMING WAS EXCEPTIONALLY BAD SINCE IT COINCIDED EXACTLY WITH EDUARDO FREI'S ARRIVAL IN THE U.S. AND HE WONDERED WHETHER THIS HAD BEEN DELIBERATE.FUERMINE-1 ASKED WHETHER WE BELIEVED THERE WOULD BE FURTHER INVESTIGATION OR MEDIA PLAY IN THE U.S. REPLIED THAT WE DID NOT KNOW BUT WOULD KEEP HIM INFORMED, HE IS TRAVELING TO GERMANY ON 22 SEPTEMBER AT INVITATION OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION INSTITUTE (WEST GERMAN CHRISTIAN DEMOCRATS).DURING HIS TRIP HE WILL CHECK HIS NUMBERED ACCOUNT FOR THE ARRIVAL OF RECENT FUNDS. IN VIEW OF REF DEVELOPMENTS, HE> [Figure: A stamp that reads "RECORD COPY"]15-126-312 Sep 74
[104-10225-10027.pdf — page 43]
## PAGE 02TORI121806Z SEP 74 IN 359697SAGO 38293DOES NOT PLAN TO IMMEDIATELY TRANSFER MONIES INTO CHILE. HE RETURNING CHILE VIA NEW YORK AND CHICAGO AND PLANS TO MEET WITH FREI 15 OCTOBER IN NEW YORK. FUERMINE-1 EXPRESSED THE OPINION THAT THE JUNTA WILL NEITHER RAISE THE MATTER WITH EMBASSY NOR PURSUE FURTHER SINCE IT IS NOT IN THEIR INTEREST TO DO SO.2. FUBRIG-2 RECEIVED NEWS CALMLY BUT WAS MOST CONCERNED ABOUT IMPLICATIONS OF EFFECTS OF THE REVELATIONS AND EXPRESSED OPINION THAT SYSTEM IN WASHINGTON SHOULD BE CHANGED PREV TO DENT SUCH LEAKS. HE WAS RELIEVED THAT EL MURCURIO WAS NOT MENTIONED BY NAME (BUT WE ARE SKEPTICAL THAT IT WILL NOT BE EASILY IDENTIFIED IN ANY SUBSEQUENT COMMENTARY). FUBRIG-1 THOUGHT IT QUITE POSSIBLE JUNTA MAY WONDER IF USG STILL NOT IN SOME WAY SUPPORTING PDC, WHICH OF COURSE JUNTA WOULD FIND MOST UNACCEPTABLE.4. FUERMINE-5 ALSO TOOK THE NEWS CALMLY ABOUT REVELATION OF $9,000 ITEM FOR TRAVEL OF PDC LEADERS. WHILE SHAKING HIS HEAD ABOUT THE LEAKING OF SUCH MATTERS, HE BELIEVES THAT THE REVELATION, UNLESS IT IS MADE MUCH MORE SPECIFIC BY SUBSEQUENT INVESTIGATIONS AND PUBLICITY, WILL NOT CAUSE HIM A PROBLEM.
[104-10225-10027.pdf — page 44]
PAGE 03CONSIDERS THE FAILURE TO IDENTIFY THE DELEGATION AS BEING PDC AND (INCORRECTLY) AS MAKING A TOUR OF LATIN AMERICAN RATHER THAN EUROPEAN CAPITALS WILL LEAD AWAY FROM PROPER IDENTIFICATION. SINCE THE FUNDS THAT PASSED THROUGH HIS HANDS WERE APPROXIMATELY $4,000 AT THE THEN LOCAL FREE MARKET RATE (AS OPPOSED TO STATION SPENDING RATE), HE FEELS THAT THIS WILL ALSO HELP HIDE PROPER IDENTIFICATION EVEN WITHIN THE PDC OF THIS FUNDING.5. FUPOCKET-1 WAS INFORMED OF DISCLOSURE OF $25.000 FOR PURCHASE OF RADIO STATION ON 8 SEPTEMBER, WAS VISIBLY DISTURBED UPON HEARING NEWS AND COMMENTED "YOU PEUPLE NEED TO CHANGE YOUR SYSTEM SO THAT SUCH NEWS DOES NOT GET OUT." STATED THAT NO ONE WITHIN HIS GROUP KNEW THAT HE GAVE MONEY ON THE SIDE TO PURCHASE THIS RADIO STATION AND THAT NO RECORDS WERE MADE OF HIS PART IN THE DEAL. HE REMARKED THAT THE FORMER OWNER OF THE STATION IS A SOCIALIST AND UNLIKELY TO DISCUSS THE TERMS OF THE SALE SINCE ILLEGAL MONEY TRANSACTION INVOLVED. FUPOCKET-1 PROMISED TO KEEP US ADVISED OF ANY BLOW-BACK.6. ON 10 SEPTEMBER? FUBARGAIN-1 SAID THAT GENERAL PINOCHET
[104-10225-10027.pdf — page 45]
SECRETPAGE 04DID NOT SEEM VERY UPSET BUT COMMENTED IN FUBARGAin-1'S PRESENCE THAT THE DISCLOSURE "SEEMED TO BE A DUZY THING TO DO." FOR THE FIRST TIME IN OUR RELATIONSHIP WITH- FUBAEGAIN-L, HE SHOWED HIS UNHAPPINESS AT WHAT HE FEELS IS GROWING EVIDENCE OF USG INCOMPREHENSION OF GOC. SAID HE AND OTHER SENIOR OFFICERS WHO HAVE TRAVELED TO STATES AND ARE MORE FAMILIAR WITH THE WAY USG FINCTIONS COULD PARTIALLY UNDERSTAND CURRENT U.S.G. ATTITUDES AND ACTIONS. SAID MOST JUNIOR OFFICERS, HOWEVER, ARE INCREASINGLY UPSET AND CONCERNED ABOUT WHAT THEY FEEL IS U.S. FAILURE TO BE A "GOOD FRIEND" OF CHILE DESPITE THE IMPORTANT SACRIFICES THAT HAVE BEEN MADE HERE IN THE WORLD ANTI-COMMUNIST STRUGGLE.7. ACCORDING TO FUBARGAIN-1, MOST CHILEAN OFFICERS VIEW THE REVELATIONS AND THEIR TIMING AS A DELIBERATE ATTEMPT BY A SECTOR OF U.S.G. (ALBEIT THE LEGISLATIVE BRANCH) TO DELIBERATELY DAMAGE JUNTA AND FALSELY CAST DOUBT ON THEIR INDEPENDENCE AND ROLE IN BRINGING DOWN ALLENDE. OFFICERS HAVE ADDED THIS LATEST BLOW TO WHAT THEY CONSIDER TO BE U.S. FOOT-DRAGGING ON SUPPLYING CHILE ARMS URGENTLY NEEDED FOR DEFENSE
[104-10225-10027.pdf — page 46]
771 370CABLE SEC DISSEM DV PERPERSON UNIT NOTIFIED SECRETREPRODUCTION BY OTHER /ISSUING OFFICE ID PROHIBIACTION UNITSTAFFRF FILE VRACTION411313 EIA140 PAGE 05-05 IN 358699TOR:121806Z SEP 74 SAGO 30293AGAINST PERU AND U.S, FAILURE NOT ONLY TO ASSIST, BUT ACTUALLYTO CONTRIBUTE TOWARDS, PROBLEMS OF CHILEAN IMAGEABROAD. SUM IS THAT CHILEAN OFFICER CORPS BECOMINGINCREASINGLY BAFFELED AND RESENTFUL ABOUT U.S, ACCORDING TO THISSOURCE.8. FILE: DEFER. E2 IMPDETSECRET
[104-10225-10027.pdf — page 47]
CONFIDENTIALPROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS FOR THE COMMUNICATIONSMEDIA IN ALLENDE'S CHILEHIGHLIGHTS-- Since President Allende's electoral victory in 1970, the Government propaganda apparatus has mounted a coordinated campaign against the opposition communications media focusing on the prestigious *El Mercurio* newspaper chain and key opposition radios. The long- range goal is to create conditions that will insure Government control over the media so that an emasculated opposition will operate intuitively and through self-censorship within an approved framework.-- The opposition radio stations bear the brunt of an array of legal and illegal devices designed to intimidate them. These devices include the threat of violence, favoritism in the distribution of essential Government advertising revenue, temporary closures, and Government-fomented strikes.-- Chile's national television -- the only country-wide channel -- has become an important propaganda instrument for the Government. But it is being challenged by a Catholic University channel which is attempting to expand its service beyond the Santiago area.-- A major confrontation between the Government and the opposition, lasting more than a year, has taken place at the *Papelera*, Chile's only important private newsprint producer, with the company supported by the opposition media stymying repeated Government efforts to take over the firm. The paper company claims that Government price policies have brought it close to bankruptcy.-- Despite officially-sanctioned harassment, the opposition media have continued to function, taking advantage of the fluid political situation currently prevailing in Chile, and have become increasingly effective in exploiting the Government's economic failures and the growing dissension within the ruling Marxist coalition.-- Nevertheless, the opposition's economic base that sustains its media is being slowly undermined as the Government expands its control over the Chilean economy. Many opposition media are reportedly already in difficult financial straits. The Chilean Communist Party, seeking to strengthen its voice in the March 1973 Congressional elections, has already purchased five beleaguered radio stations (one a former opposition station) in southern Chile.CONFIDENTIALR-4-73 February 27, 1973 ii
[104-10225-10027.pdf — page 48]
14-00000
[104-10225-10027.pdf — page 49]
CONFIDENTIALIII. THE ALLENDE PROCESS - HOW THE MEDIA ARE TREATEDAllende's treatment of the opposition media and his utilization of the pro-Government media offer revealing insights into the unique claim that Chile will carry out a Socialist revolution within the frame- work of traditional bourgeois and democratic institutions without social cost.Any Chilean government possesses wide powers that can be employed to control and intimidate media opponents given sufficient will power and cynicism to do so, despite the fact that media freedoms in Chile are twice-guaranteed, both in the 1925 constitution and in a statute of constitutional guarantees agreed to by Allende's Popular Unity coalition and the Christian Democrats (PDC) as a condition for PDC support for Allende in the congressional run-off held subsequent to the Presidential election in September 1970.What are some of these powers? Any Chilean executive under provisions of the State Internal Security Law may establish emergency zones by decree headed by military commanders empowering the State to enforce news censorship and to restrict access to newsprint supplies. A law on publicity abuses empowers the government to petition the courts to suspend access to news and information. (Laws on the books that pose potential threats to freedom of radio information are more severe and more frequently utilized. See Section III. B. Radio.). Furthermore, through the judicious parceling out of advertising from State and autonomous State firms any government can discriminate against opposition media by denying or restricting this key source of revenue.Unlike predecessor governments which utilized existing laws and accepted practices to reward political associates and benefit business partners, the Allende Government has consistently and frequently applied these measures to harass, to intimidate, and to undermine the morale of political and class opponents in the media. These tactics are applied throughout the country.CONFIDENTIALR-4-73 February 27, 19735
[104-10225-10027.pdf — page 50]
CONFIDENTIALA basic organizational technique for the UP coalition has been the establishment of UP committees (CUP -- *Comité de Unidad Popular*) -- composed of newsmen who are militant meinbers of parties belonging to the Government coalition or independent supporters of UP policies in newspapers, radios, magazines, and in journalistic bodies. The CUP's have been most active at the union level: demanding exorbitant wage increases, insisting that UP employees Le given the right to express their opinion on editorial pages, disrupting legitimate union meetings, forming rump unions, and leaking internal company data to the leftist press and to the Government.The goal of certain Unidad Popular militants regarding freedom of the press was most explicitly and revealingly stated by the organizing committee for a conference of leftist journalists which was held in Santiago in April 1971. The committee issued the following statement prior to the conference:...we believe that we must fight for true freedom of the press, which will only be possible when there is true economic independence. We maintain that Chile will have true freedom of the press only when the means of mass communication are part of the area of social property, that is, (when they) belong to all Chileans..The press, radio, television, and the theater must be tools at the service of liberation and culture of our people and not a private business, an ideological battering ram of the national and foreign minority (the capitalists) as is presently the case.7 (under-lining added)Another statement said "the mission of journalists is to support and defend the People's Government (the UP) together with all the workers." The declaration also underlined the support of UP newsmen for "Viet-Nam, Cuba, and all the people that are building Socialism, " and threw a bouquet at Cuba's *Prensa Latina* agency for its "objective" reporting of the Chilean phenomenon. Allende himself lent legitimacy to the mission of UP journalists in a speech kicking off the conference when he stated that "committed" newsmen must act as the "vanguard" of the revolution by "elevating the political level of the people." Reiterating a theme expressed on many other occasions, Allende asserted that his Government would respect freedom of information while at the same time he lamented his Government's "excessive tolerance" for the opposition media.CONFIDENTIALR-4-73 February 27, 1973 6
[104-10225-10027.pdf — page 51]
CONFIDENTIALA. Pres8In the key Santiago metropolitan area, there are five major opposition daily newspapers and one important neutral daily, *La Tercera de la Hora,*TABLE 2. MAJOR OPPOSITION AND NEUTRAL DAILY NEWSPAPERS| Title                 | Estimated Circulation | Political Orientation         || --------------------- | --------------------- | ----------------------------- || El Mercurio           | 160,000               | Independent, conservative     || Las Noticias Ultimas  | 120,000               | Part of the Mercurio chain    || La Prensa             | 25,000                | Christian Democratic (PDC)    || La Segunda            | 60,000                | Part of the Mercurio chain    || La Tribuna            | 25,000                | National Party (Pi) interests || La Tercera de la Hora | 190,000               | Independent                   |A favorite target of the Government and its propaganda apparatus has been the conservative, independent daily *El Mercurio,* dean of the Chilean press and chief representative of the largest and most influential newspaper chain in the country. Tarred regularly as "pro-U.S." and as a "gringo newspaper written in Spanish" potent accusations in Chile *El Mercurio* has borne the brunt ofjevery conceivable kind of pressure short of outright seizure.On numerous occasions the paper has been implicated along with other opposition media in alleged seditious plots carried out in concert with foreign (i.e.. U.S.) interests to overthrow the Government. Advertisers have been "requested" not to do business with the *Mercurio* chain, which has been accused of foreign exchange irregularities by tax authorities, by Government supporters on the paper's own staff, and by Allende himself at public rallies. Allende, too, periodically reacts to critical *Mercurio* editorials with charges that Chile and the Presidential office have been "insulted," that the *Mercurio* chain indulges in "libertinism unprecedented in Chilean journalistic history,"CONFIDENTIALR-4-73 February 27, 19737
[104-10225-10027.pdf — page 52]
CONFIDENTIALand that the chain is "faithful to its tradition of infarmy." The Government propaganda apparatus follows suit.The PDC organ *La Prensa* and the National Party tabloid *La Tribuna* are secondary targets for the UP propaganda apparatus because their circulation is limited. Pressures employed against these dailies are aimed generally at the political parties behind them in contrast to the *Mercurio* chain where pressures are intended as a warning signal to the "free" media as an institution.Independent *La Tercera* receiven distinct treatment. The Government exerts minimal pressures on the paper in return for favorable editorial treatment of Allende policies (see Section VI. A. The Opposition Media Reaction). This tactic has paid dividenda for Allende and for *Tercera's* owner, German Pico Canas. Allende obtains favorable publicity in a mans-circulation paper that maintains comparative objectivity in its news columns, thus lending credence to Allende's claims that he will respect traditional Chilean freedoms while making the transition to Socialism, Freed frora the need for the strident partisanship so characteristic of the rest of the press, *Tercera* steadily builds its circulation with a public seeking some reliei from the verbal civil war. As a result Pico, who has been head of the Chilean newspaper association, has defended the Allende Government's press policies in international forums. The under- standing with the Government, however, is an uneasy one; *Tercera* is not sufficiently malleable for the Socialist Party, the principal party in the Government coalition.[^9]B. RadioRadio continues to be the most important medium of communication in Chile. The latest available figures compiled by the World Radio-TV Handbook give Chile a total of 137 stations, including 29 in the capital city. Santiago (See Table 3). The number of receivers is estimated at 3 million, or one for every third person. In a country 2,600 miles long radio's strategic importance is understood by both Government and opposition. The Government has resorted to a variety of device's designed to intimidate opposition radio stations: requests by Allende advisers that opposition stations hire designated leftist commentators; threats of violence; favoritism in the distribution of needed government advertising revenues; temporary closures; and strikes fomented by CUP committees.CONFIDENTIALR-4-73 February 27, 1973[^9]
[104-10225-10027.pdf — page 53]
CONFIDENTIALTABLE 3. IMPORTANT RADIO STATIONS| Station               | Political Orientation                                                          || --------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ || Radio Agricultura     | National Party (PN)                                                            || Radio Balmaceda       | Christian Democratic (PDC)                                                     || Radio Cooperativa     | PDC with PN elements                                                           || Radio Corporación     | Socialist Party                                                                || Radio IBM             | University of Chile station controlled by Marxists                             || Radio Luis Recabarrea | Chilean labor federation (CUT) station; Communist-controlled (See Note No. 10) || Radio Magallanes      | Communist Party                                                                || Radio Minería         | Independent with PDC and PN elements.                                          || Radio Pacifico        | Radical Party (UP)                                                             || Radio Portales        | Socialist Party                                                                || Radio Santiago        | Catholic Church interests                                                      || Radio UTE             | State Technical University station controlled by Communists                    |Partial blame for leftist infiltration of Chilean stations must rest with "bourgeois" radio owners. Long before Allende became president the Chilean businessmen and politicians who owned radio stations made it a practice to hire leftist commentators because they believed that leftists were superior professionals and helped to increase listenership. When the UP came to power it tapped an existing source of manpower.In addition, the Government frequently utilized existing regulations to gain its ends. Radio concessions are granted by a Government entity (*Servicios Electricos*) attached to the Interior Ministry. The same entity can cancel or transfer such concessions. Regulations promulgated during World War II state that "In case of internal disturbance, catastrophe or war radio stations are subject to the rules, control, and censorship that the Government may adopt." Under this type of emergency regulation, all radio stations were placed under an obligatory Government network - not an unusual practice for the Allende Government - when a modified martial law was decreed in 21 of Chile's 25 provinces during the October-CONFIDENTIAL