Francesco/who-killed-jfk huggingface dataset:
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# SECRETSECURITY INFORMATIONSUBJECT: RFE Coverage of ICFTUThe following extracts of RFE's Daily Ouidance Bulletins indicate the general guidance around which more complete coverages are prepared for broadcasting:Daily Quidance 554, June 30, 1953, Page 2 Paragraph daConcerning forthcoming conference of ICFTU, attention is called to Christian Science Monitor of June 24, reprinted in today's Information Dulletin, and to Report on America #13. "American Labor's Wide Hori- sons as published on June 26.Daily Quidance 560, July 9, 1953, Page 4, Last two lines:Remarks by George Meany, president of American Federation of Labor, be- fore Stockholm meeting at International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, in addition to expressing the philosophy of free workers toward less developed areas, should have a special significance to our listeners. at this stage of their struggle against Soviet colonialism. Meany de olared that freedom to colonial peoples and inhabitants of protectorates was something democracies must take steps to insure as soon as possible. The Federation (ICFTU) should see to it that workers in such territories enjoyed trade-union organization liberty.Daily Quidance 573, July 28, 1953, Page 3, Paragraph cAs far as East Germany is concerned, most simificant news is vote by International Confederation of Free Trade Unions to set up a fund #to support insurgent unions in East Germany and other satellite countries in their efforts to undermine communist control". George Meany, Presi- dant of AF of L, predicted that substantial sums would be made available but "declined for obvious reasons" to say how they would be spent.Meany's announcement would seem to be an event of major significance in which all target areas should be equally interested.Latest reports on East German purge roosive most of their meaning from fact that a faction presently losing out is said to be composed of com munists who -- while not at all disloyal to the Kremlin are not Muscovites in the sense in which the victors are Muscovites. Chances are that all communist functionaries who did not spend the last war inside Russia are in danger of their jobs or, as the case may be, of their lives.Human interest stories on recipients of food aid speak for themselves. However, emphasis might well be on fact that recipients are either pri- marily or exclusively unemployed workers and that communists dany the existence of unemployment.SECRET
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SECRETSECURITY INFORMATIONDaily Quidance 590, August 20, 1953, Page 2, Paragraph ftNote that ICFTU followed up on its promises reported here and created special fund for support of Soviet Zone workers.SECRET
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SECRETiSecurity Information17 August 1953MEMORANDUM FOR: DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCESUBJECT: Food Program for Eastern Europe1. This proposed program supports a plan for limited food distribution to the peoples of Central and Eastern Europe.It is generally agreed that it is highly desirable honesty to attempt food distribution through regular open channels, before utilizing any unusual method such as balloons, even though it is highly dubious the offers to distribute food will be accepted. It is further felt that no food program of any kind should be commenced unless it is certain to culminate in actual deliveries.2. Formal Offer: A group such as a Committee to Assist the Peoples of Eastern Europe would be formed, which would in turn make an offer of a definite amount of food to representatives of the satellite governments of Eastern Europe. Simultaneously, the Department of State would be requested to take up the food offer officially with representatives of the governments concerned. CIA will arrange for the composition and sponsorship of the proposed committee. The food offer of the committee, taking note of the official statements indicating that a food shortage exists in each of those countries, would propose the establishment of an international commission to supervise the distribution of food to the needy children of the areas involved. This food would come from U.S. surplus stocks and through contributions made by the sponsoring organizations.3. Delivery of Balloons: In event of refusal by the satellite regimes of the food offer, the committee might turn to the American Heritage Foundation for help. The latter would be asked to utilise its primary project, the Crusade for Freedom, both in raising public funds and delivering food by balloons.Crusade for Freedom (MCFE)A. Capabilities:1. The Crusade can deliver 1,000,000 to 2,000,000 lbs. of food by way of 200,000 to 400,000 balloons into Czechoslovakia.SECRETSecurity Information
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SEGLISECURITY INFORMATION- 2 -IHungary and Poland over a period of two to three wecks;2. The Crusade can deliver 2,000,000 to 3,000,000 lbs. of food in 400,000 to 600,000 balloons into Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Poland over a period of five to six wecks:Capabilities (1) and (2) above, are possible within the time periode indicated only if U.S. military facilities and equipment for the necessary procurement and stand-by storage of the hydrogen gas for the balloons is available. (20,000,000 cubic feet of hydrogen gas will fill 200,000 balloons sufficient to lift 1,000,000 lbs.) If such storage facilities, etc. are not available, the time periods must be revised for (1) and (2) above to two months and three months respectively;3. First balloon launching could commence within sixty days of project authorization;4. Each food package, suspended to one balloon, would contain five lbs. of staples. (sugar, fat, flour, coffee, chocolate) Packages will be sealed and/or wrapped with poly- ephelene.B. Costs:1. Costs of operation into Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Poland would be approximately $1.15 per net pound of food delivered, or a total figure of $1,166,000.00 for each 1,000,000 lbs. delivered.2. Costs of operation into Albania, Bulgaria, Rumania and Baltic areas would be greater, due to added technical factors, necessity of shipboard launchings, etc. The unit cost figure would be $1.55 per net pound delivered.C. Operational Considerations:1. If delivery of food into satellite areas is considered feasibly, realistically sound, then entire operational effort must be centered at launching -- delivery of food in the shortest period of time. Counteraction to the impact of food deliveries will be immediate and sustained to include "tampering" with food packages, wholesale arrest, BW charges bolstered by staged photography.2. Launching sites previously used by the Crusade for Freedom for balloon operations into Czechoslovakia were located along the Czech frontier between Cham and Hof. For launchings into Poland and Hungary, sites in Berlin and in and around Graz, Austria, respectively, would be the most operationally satisfactory.SEGETSECURITY INFORMATION
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- 3 -Concurrence of the proper Austrian, West German and Britishreprezentatives as to use of lawiching sites in their juris-diction areas must be secured will in advance through theappropriate channels.3. There is no marantee that the Adenauer Coverment   will be favorably disposed towards this food delivery program,   even if it wins the September 6 elections.4. For an oporation which envisions the lessening of   200,000 balloons (1,000,000 lbs. of food) over as cort a period   as two to three weeks, a relatively large group of icdigenous   personnel must be hired, treined (four or five days) and super   Vised over a minimum five week period.D. Psychological Considerations1. Most recent estimates indicates that the harvest   10 Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Poland will be fair to average   18 year. Consequently, it would be a mistake to send food   12to these areas simply to alleviate a desperate enortave"   wich might not in fact exist for workers in good standing.   Father, as a part of EFE's accompanying program exploitation,   the population would be urged to conserve the packages as "iron   retions" or "atrike ratione" against the day when they might not   otherwise be able to afford ausentecian or loss of veges for   other reasons.2. One of the graveet riska to any food delivery   program of this kind, especially should its launching interval   be in accase of two weeks, is the systematic poisoning of food   parcele by the communists. The only really effective wey of   safe awarding against this is by anticipating it and pre-con-   ftioning the people, via Re, against contaminated efforts.3. During the time when, and at the places where the   food is packaged, the Crusade should arrange for supervision of   Buch packaging by acceptable humanitarian/religious international   oupe, such as the Quakers or the Red Cross, in order to neutralise   charges and aument the Lonafides of the committees and Crusade   for Freedom.4. The initial private and official offers of food to   the satellite areas must be accompanied with certain conditions   ensuring guarantees of delivery, in order to avoid contunist   acceptance of a dare food offer as such, which would place us   in the awkward position of having to subsequently request.   guarantees for proper distribution and delivery.SECRETSecurit
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5. Type of *WE* "running attack" during balloon operation is well illustrated by the following -- 'Czech workers would have to work 6.6 hours to earn enough money to buy one average pound of food parcels contents, whereas the American worker could earn the $1.15 per net lb. delivered in 1.2 hours.'D. Conclusions:1.  The operation is large and the resultant psychological gains and losses, depending on many variables, could be extensive. Needless to say, the operation should not be undertaken, even in part, as a 'gesture' or on a 'gamble'.2.  Balloons are not the most economical means of delivering food, in point of fact, the movement of items by balloon is at least twice as expensive as any regular means. However, to date, balloons are by far the most feasible way of diffusing a relatively large amount of food containers into an otherwise denied area.3.  Planning of the operation in all its phases should include the Director of WP7, in order to ensure a well coordinated political warfare program.E. Recommendations:It is requested that should authority be given to proceed on this balloon-borne food program, such authorization be contingent on the following recommendations:1.  That the commencement of the balloon launching be generally planned for the end of this year..2.  That no more than 400,000 balloons be released (2,000,000 lbs. of food) at a cost of approximately $2,332,000.3.  That the balloon launching phase of the food delivery operation into Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Poland, not exceed ten full consecutive days from its date of commencement.4.  That $50,000 be made available immediately for preparatory work.5.  That food deliveries into Albania, Bulgaria, Rumania and the Baltics not be considered until after the primary operation into Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Poland has proved successful.
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SECRET22 July 1953MEMORANDUM FOR: Chief, International OrganizationsI had a talk with Spencer Phenix about NCFE matters and the following points were discussed.(1) A Strategy Board to guide RFE. Spencer feels the need for some higher level political guidance than RFE is getting from their staff people and talked about getting together a board of people like George Kennan, etc. I told Spencer that I thought it unlikely that George would give very much time to this but might be willing to give them an occasional idea or suggestion.(2) Spencer asked me about the possibility of their finding some job for Sam Reber. I told him to wait on this until I had time to discuss it with FW.(3) Spencer seemed disturbed that the allocation of one million a month until our budget was passed would cramp their operations. I told him that if they had particular difficulties to let me know. He also asked what they should do about the proposed allocation of $400,000 to help in the refugee situation. I told him I was not familiar with this particular issue.(4) He suggested that it would be well to have a meeting here with some of the members of the Board and the Executive Committee and suggested a date around the first week in August. I told him I would do it if I had not already left the country by that time.(5) Spencer is pleased with the better integration and coordination of activities between their shop and this office.ALLEN W. DULLESDirectorcc: DD/P
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14-0000012 January 195328001955Executive registry3-6124MEMORANDUM FOR: DEFUTY DIRECTOR OF CENTHAL INTELLIGENCESUBJECT: Proposed U.S. Aid for East German Refugees1. Last year you testified before the House Foreign Affairs Committee in support of the U.S. "iron curtain escapees" care- resettlement program, and during the course of testimony I under- stand you stated that the program excluded aid to ethnic groups such as Germana in accordance with PSB recommendations.2. Fr. George Warren (UNA/Refugees) of the State Department has proposed that $300,000 be made available from his program for aid to selected East German refugee projects.3. This proposal is being made as a gesture of aid to East Germans and has the support of HICOG, of Jares Reber, and of Representative Celler of New York, among other Congressmen. John Bross, C22, has no objection.4. Frank Hand in my office is the liaison point; is following this closely, and will keep thoroughly informed but I thought, in view of your testimony, you would want to know of the projected policy switch.![Signature of Thomas W. Braden]THOMAS W. BRADENChiefInternational Organizations Division
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# SECRETSecurity Information22 July 1953MEMORANDUM FUR: Chief, International Organizations/Branch 1SUBJECT: Coordination of Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberation1. As both you and Mr. Slogich agreed in your informal conver- sation of yesterday, the present explosive situation in the satellite periphery and the luteris Psychological Strategy Board gutüance on its exploitation necessitate closer cooperation between our respective facilities and branches. I want to thank you for offering to zake it possible for us to gain further access to BCFB libraries and open sources and for your offering us further technical assis- tance. I agree that it would be desirable to exchange a branch of- ficer so that we may have a better understanding of our respective assete and problems. SR/1 will provide one of your associates with a desk and complete access to our files at any time.2. It may be well for us to discuss how ve can best take ad- vantage of further demonstrations and riots in the satellito areas. Should there be an uprising in Poland, for example, it may be desir- able for RFE to place broadcasting time at the disposal of Radio Liberation so that the latter may address concentrated and repeated appeals to the Red Army not to fire on Polish vorkers and peasants, not to interfere in the folish struggle for freedom, and to consider the Polish people as the allies of the Soviet people in their common struggle against Communise. It was thic lice that Radio Liberation followed during the East Geraan uprisings. In the event of lots in Czechoslovakia where the Red Army is cot present in force and where the satellite security forces may be unable to keep order, close cooperation will be even core desiratle.3. Corsideration could be given to having RFE allot Radio Liberation regular time ca its broadcasts to Poland and bulgaria where there are large concentrations of Soviet troops so that. Radio Liberation can further build up the idea of a free, soviet anti- Communist moral and political authority and to express the solidar- ity of the Soviet peoples with the oppressed countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Ratio Liberation could also allot regular tim on its transmitters so that spokesmen of free Czechoslovakia and Poland could address the Soviet troops.4. It will, of course, de necessary to discuss the divergent approaches of the two stations. Because of its ajornsorship, its identity and its mission, Sallo Liberation cannot treat the Sovis oppression of the Central and East European peoples in terms of nationalist domination and exploitation. Radio Liberation alvays distinguishes between the people on the one hand and the Farty and Police on the other, and it is our policy to identify the Red Army with the people. Se
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✓ SEGRETSecurity Information5. We will maintain close coordination on all matters relating to Radio Literation broadcasts to the occupation troops and solicit your comments and suggestions on our broadcasts to the USSR proper and on all other matters.ANDER TEDIGAROFFAC/LR/12 - Addressee1 - C/10Security Information.
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SECURITY INFORMATIONSECRETMEMORANDUM FOR: CHIEF, INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS DIVISIONATTENTION: Branch OneSUBJECT: General Pavle Graya Pavlovic (201 - 14578)REFERENCE: Memorandum from Deputy for Policy Coordination, SS to IO, dated 16 July 1952, Subject as above1. Although not initially responsible for recommending that the NCFW subsidize General Pavle Pavlovic, in referenced memorandum SE Division endorsed the continuation of payments by the NCFA to Subject on the basis of his ability to aid in research work being done for CIA at the Pentagon, as well as of his need as a meritorious exile. We have recently been advised by Miss Stern of your office that the NCFW wishes to discontinue this payment since Subject does not participate directly in the NCFW's activities. We have been further advised that if SE Division wishes General Pavlovic to receive a regular income from the NCFW, SE must provide the necessary funds.2. It is believed that termination of the subsidy by the NCFW will result in real personal hardship to the General, who, at the age of seventy, has no other known source of income. SE Division, however, is not in a position to provide the necessary funds, since this would necessitate the initiation of what would essentially be a charity project, falling more properly within the purview of IO/Branch One. Neither can this Division justify continuation of payments on the basis of work performed for SE, since he has been working primarily for the Department of the Army during the past year. The arrangements for his work at the Pentagon are such, however, that CIA can place research requirements on General Pavlovic whenever desirable.3. In reviewing the case this year, we have ascertained from the Department of the Army that Subject has worked diligently and contributed materially to the work of his office. He has been particularly commended for his adaptability and readiness to work, which have shown themselves in his efforts to learn English and typing.4. It is the opinionSECRET
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SECURITY INFORMATIONSECRET- 2 -b. It is the opinion of SE Division that the NOFN decision to terminate payments to General Pavlovic should be consistent with its policies vis-a-vie other Yugoslav emiros, many of whom receive regular stipends solely on the basis of "prestige". General Pavlovic's actual contribution to the efforts of the U.S. Government, if not of CIA or the HUFE directly, should be taken into consideration in addition to his very real need before halting payments to him. We would appreciate your informing us as to the final disposition of this case.CHRISTIAN H. FEKERActing Chief, SESECRET
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SECRETSECURITY INFORMATION22 July 1953MEMORANDUM FOR: DEPUTY DIRECTOR (PLANS)SUBJECT: Message from Whitney Shepardson1. Whitney Shepardson cabled the following to his office with the request that they immediately give it to C. D. Jackson. This information and message was given to us today by Spencer Phenix."Report this morning Mrs. Hilde Benjamin new East German Justice Minister rescinded right to strike granted June 11 by predecessor.Seems appropriate your boss Thursday press conference or perhaps more formally sum up recent Russian inspired communist actions behind curtain; in Czechoslovakia savings wiped out, future bleak, families, children bankrupt. In east Germany recision of elementary right of labor to strike is again denied and will be ruthlessly crushed by force. Satellite states long deprived of their food and goods by most vicious practices of colonialism known for two centuries. This is no paradise for workers, this is hell. In the United States this capitalist society so often denounced by Soviet propaganda lines, the savings of the workers are protected in law and in fact, and the right to strike is protected in law and in fact also. After almost two hundred years of its national existence there can not be found in the US one trace of the colonial practices which characterize Soviet rule over its satellite colonies.Condon asks that if such theme is used "give our boys a break so they can prepare and push home with background and variation."kiened: THOMAS W BRADENTHOMAS W. BRADENChiefInternational Organizations DivisionSECURITY INFORMATION
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21 July 1953MEMORANDUM FOR: DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCESUBJECT: Meeting with PBB1. I understand that two of the matters that have come up before your PSB luncheon are:a. C. D. Jackson's proposal to send food to East Germany via balloon.b. C. D. Jackson's proposal for a monument memorial to be put up near the Brandenburg Gate. I would like to comment on these two proposals for what use it may be to you.2. It seems to me food shipment via balloon is a meaningless gesture. It will not do any positive good because it can't get enough food into East Germany to make any difference. Thus a negative result is fostered; it looks and appears to be psychological warfare of a rather obvious kind. The food offers by the U. S. Government and those by the ICFTU were, as the London Times pointed out last Monday, psychological victories, but the Russians are now moving food into Germany in far greater quantities than we can do via balloon. In addition, there are obvious dangers from the standpoint of a BW play-back as Mr. Wisner suggested. It would be much easier and much more effective for the Russians to use the BW these on balloon shipments than on any quantities of food that the Government or the ICFTU are actually able to get behind the Iron Curtain. In sum, balloons are a trick and food doesn't lend itself to tricks.3. I think the monument idea is a respectable one but not on the level that the PSB people seem to want to play it. They have in mind a world campaign to be conducted in all countries, particularly in this one and in South America with a distinguished body of citizens to lead the campaign here. I do not think the memorial idea is big enough for that (the best memorial so far erected was Berlin's own decision to change the name of the Unterlinden to Strasse June 17). I think the memorial idea ought to be left to the Germans. We can delicately suggest it and see that it is followed up with any support necessary in this country through already existing organizations such as NCFE or the Crusade for Freedom if this is necessary. These should play a minor role.CIO:TWB/ehOrig - Addressee1 cc - CIO1 cc - H.THOMAS W. BRADENChiefInternational Organizations Division