Francesco/who-killed-jfk huggingface dataset:
[104-10225-10000.pdf — page 392]
3. Scholarships to American universities this year will be 80-35 to highly qualified exiles who have signed a pledge to return to their homelands after liberation.4. Textbooks to replace Communist textbooks are being prepared in stockpile and manuscript form.5. The Mid-European Law Project, which digests and annotates current legislation from the Iron Curtain countries.6. The East European Accessions list, which publishes a monthly annotated bibliography of current published material from the satellites received in the Library of Congress.d. Free Europe University in Exile - Budget for fiscal year 1953 - 4037,431Two hundred exile students, all escapees, are provided with board and lodging at the University in Strasbourg. Each student attends the University of Strasbourg for his or her formal education. The Free University, in addition to providing board, lodging, and tuition, conducts courses and seminars dealing with the countries of origin of these exile escapees. The University operates on the theory that these young people are being equipped for future leadership after liberation.e. Research and Publication Service - Budget for fiscal year 1953 - 3300,222The Committee for Research and Publications was created in November 1951 to make available in currently useful form information about the satellite countries. It gathers information from four basic sources:1.  The analysis of 270 Communist newspapers and periodicals;2.  RFE's overseas information-gathering network;3.  Monitoring reports from all major satellite radio stations. The analysis of the 10,000 publications from the satellite area received annually by the Library of Congress. The compiled information is used in the following ways:a) Within NCFE - Daily digest of all Iron Curtain information. These are prepared for the use of RFE's New York language desk;b) Weekly trend meetings by RFE - RPS desk heads to discuss the interpretation and use in radio programming of events in the Iron Curtain countries;
[104-10225-10000.pdf — page 393]
# SECRETSecurity Jaformation- 3 -c) Research projects on specific terrets for 's New York and Munich lanaco desks. Daily monito highlights mummarize major events in all satellite countries;d) RPC also makes available its fonation files to tho Divisions of Intellectual Cooperation and airs Ro lationsse) A "Black Tock" prepared every six months, contains comunist attacks against C-TEf) To the general public - "News Behind the Iron Cur- tain, a monthly magazine of scarce material shout the target aren, is issued to 1000 people in the field of communications. 142 research studies have been dis- tributed outside the Commities to s total of 2,500 people. Foreign lanaca billetins in each of the major tongues of the satellite cometer, are distributed to som0.5,000 exiles in 52 comes outside the Soviet orbit. These bulletins, nick average 100 pass each, are the only complete and unbraced cource of information about their captive hacclants available to those who have escaped.f. Padio Free Aurope fudret for focal year 1953 - 13,304,555 NY,$5,909,971 Germany, 11,201,755 ParRadio Free Europe's main broadcaster studio and ment is located in Munich, Germany. Breadcasting facilities are maintained also in New York and there is a relay station in Portugal. RFE breadcasts an average of about 1,006 kors per week.this broadcasting time 187 hours are origiral proprering, Crected mainly to Czechoslovakia, Thinery and Poland. Breadessts to 3ul- Caria, Rumania, and Albania are prepared and relayed from New York. New York exercises policy control ever 171 broadcasts through daily maidances and a tele-type ryster between ilunich and New York.Radio Free Durere has its om information section is pro vide its broadcast materials. It has correspondents sa offices in London, Paris, Stockholm, Berlin, Beatmarg, Frankari, Salsburg, Vienna, Linz (Austria), Hels (Austria), Fraz (Austria), Yes, Trieste, Athens and Istanbul. These offices produce an averago of over one thousand reports per zortt. adition, material for broadcasting comes froes 1) satelite press blications) 2) PE's monitoring service of astellite and Russian brmacasts; 3) information from the Division of Kaiore nelations, rate letters, news service, the EC, VOA and others.CongrSecurity for
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# SECRETSecurity Internation- 4 -## IIThe foregoing is a cursory outline of NCFF and a brief record of our attempts to solve administrative problems. To complete the picture, the following is a brief outline of the major psychological problems we face with NCFF.*NCFF is not what it should be* -- an integral and balanced part of the total U.S. program for dealing with the satellite nations of Eastern Europe. The top officials of NCFF have no detailed comprehension of U.S. policy, nor any understanding of how they can contribute to its development and operation. They give only lip service to the idea of obtaining policy guidance from Washington. Their apparent attitude has been that they can make a trip to Washington, determine "what *U.S. policy*" is, and return to New York with the job done. This push-button mentality, added to their deep-seated suspicion of Government interference, has lead them to resist our efforts to study their role and to develop new ideas, or reassess old ones.As a result of these attitudes, there has been considerable difficulty in gaining information about NCFF activities, problems and plans. For example, we do not receive any regular communication from Admiral H.W. Hillers; we have received no list of NCFF personnel, nor any minutes of meetings of the Staff Executive Committee, or the Board of Directors. Even more important than this is the fact that the heads of divisions are prevented from having contact with us, except on occasions when Admiral Hiller is out of town. As a result, for instance, Mr. Lang, the head of PRD, who has considerable problems and is anxious for the fullest liaison, is prevented from dealing with us personally. Conversely, every attempt to deal with NCFF personnel individually is looked upon with suspicion and carried on by NCFF personnel with some apprehension.The reasons for Admiral Hiller's attitude are two-fold: (a) In his organization he wants everything done through him; and (b) he does not wish any outside "control" over his activities. (Admiral Hiller's manner of conducting affairs within the Committee is resented by Mr. Spencer Phenix and other members of the Board of Directors, but Mr. Therix and NCFF Directors support Admiral Hiller in his reluctance to deal outside the Board.This lack of consultation and common study has clear reflections in the organization's itself. NCFF is not an integrated organization. Each division operates separately, without any real relation to other divisions. Added to this, the lack of a clear understanding of the Committee's purposes and of its place in the total psychological warfare efforts of the United States has led to real dissatisfaction among the Division heads. They are anxious to know what they are doing, to integrate their own efforts and to cooperate to the maximum.To formulate our own and NCFF's ideas, we have been and are carrying on discussions with the officials and working personnel of NCFF. In some of those discussions, Mr. Francis B. Stevens of the State Department, has been a direct participant.Security Intern
[104-10225-10000.pdf — page 395]
# SECRETSecurity InformationThose discussions have covered a wide variety of subjects which can generally be described as follows:(1) What in the NATO As a whole in American policy towardthe satellite nations? What in A. ortson ollies what modificationsare likely?(2) How can RCT, especially the ivision of im Relations,contribute more effectively to psychological and political warfare,not only for atrocte two ron Curtain, tot in the rec World?For example - How can tu pattern ofLavor Learninge wd the inderational Fed Croes Meetings at Toronto?(3) Should ICTE owtimes to support estre concile, or shouldsaro other technique to dorage wat is for psychological warfare purpose?Cooperation, avo Frou nasty cost contributo(4) How can us to Harch ar lublicatioce -ivision, to ivisionerto?(5) Is it constantly organized? what, for example, is Whoeffect of the Division of igre Hointions' dealing with resthe position of Rfa in faroe, etc.(6) How can us to give sc110 (uidance to? What kind ofinformation is wantou, foroverdorin jards; can toiritich lugaliono in vafor PAL?Policies cans ofrada avalinilo to 17? ou can American andallitou lest procesource Past indommation17.1There ac, in addition, sac e specific carmont les that should tomentioned. They are:(1) There is, in addition, ac specific carmont les that should to mentioned. They are:(2) Many in Germany to recte of radio Free Europe in German tration in Germany, including astion in Germany, including the Voice of Azerice, dll will be the subject of preanure, "Pis most valmimble of all because of its political poolt. The political ement re of who are element Dre of who are Separatista. This groups holds a potentiel Separatista. This groups holds a potentiel between the C and We 3. a reauit, terran expolices, rran expolices, toth partoth parties, but ties, but its extrae nationalist, ties, but its extrae nationalist, the SP D, Are the SP Looming more vociferously natio oming more vociferously natioican operat ican operatts extrae nationalist, the SP D, Arican operat and Fantorn European personel and nature of ite broadcaste. Ta wo the subject of careful study at le problems are and others.# SECRETSucuriga
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SECRETSecurity Information-6-Should RFE be forced out of Germany -- its facilities in Portugal can be expanded to take over the job. Programming can be moved to London and Paris. In addition, RFE has asked us to consider the feasibility of their locating a station in Turkey to enable them to program full time with a strong signal into Rumania, Bulgaria and Albania.(3) Crusade for Freedom. The Crusade for Freedom, the fund raising cover mechanism of NCFE and CPA, is pretty much out of hand. It is operated as a separate corporation and the responsible officials of USIA, except Admiral Miller, have literally washed their hands of any attempt to control or direct its activities. As a result, it has become a high pressure, fund-raising outfit which has little comprehension of the reasons for its existence or knowledge of the kind of publicity which should be undertaken. Among the working personnel of NCFE, it is looked upon with great skepticism and much apprehension. The single strength of the Crusade for Freedom is the fact that it does raise money from individual Americans, not much money, but still some 23,000,000 Americans have contributed. This fact is a powerful weapon. For example, Adenauer's party, the Bundestag, in defending RFE from attacks by the SED, cites as one of its main arguments the support and concern of 23,000,000 Americans that this activity be continued.Immediate attention is being given to having the Crusade conducted next year by the Heritage Foundation. Mr. C.M. Vandeburg of that organization has stated he would take on the job.SECRETSecurity Information
[104-10225-10000.pdf — page 397]
# CRUSADE FOR FREEDOM## 1950 CAMPAIGN1.  The Crusade was launched by General Dwight D. Eisenhower on a nation wide broadcast.2.  The symbol of the Crusade, a ton ton World Freedom Bell, inscribed with a quotation from Lincoln, "This World under God shall have a new birth of freedom", toured the United States from coast to coast. The "Froedon Bell" was cont to Berlin to become part of a "Freedom Shrine", and tolled there over an international radio hookup.3.  Freedom Scrolls signed by 15,000,000 contributors were taken to Berlin to become a permanent part of the Froodom Enrine.4.  In the United States, local committees were established throughout the country. General Lucius Clay was appointed chairman of the Fund raising campaign of the Crusade for Freedom. r. Abbott Washburn, Chief, Public Relations for General Foods Corp. was appointed as the director. Assisting companies weret Fund raising - John Price Co., Inc. Advertising - Hewitt, Ogilvy, Benson & Mather Inc. Small mass contributions were solicited. Contributions from large individual donors were solicited later, in order to afford the fund raising campaign a broader continuity. Literature (samples attached) of all kinds, explaining Radio Free Europe were distributed.5.  Financial results were as follows:Expenses; $917,000.00Contributions; $1,317,000.00## 1951 CAMPAIGNThe 1951 Crusade Campaign was begun by the launching of balloons into Czechoslovakia and Poland containing pamphlets of encouragement to the people of these countries. Copies of the message and samples of the balloons were used to solicit contributions in the United States. Publicity dealt largely with Radio Free Europe. Free magazine advertising was widely used for the first time. A coast to coast telethon was used.Inadvertently, through mistakes of the staff and the failure to adequately brief community leaders, the Crusade mistakenly implied that the Voice of America was ineffective - that only Radio Free Europe, the privately supported radio broadcasting station, could do an effective job.
[104-10225-10000.pdf — page 398]
-2-After conferonces with the State Department, it was agroed that VOA and RFE wore complimentary activities and that in the future the Crusader(1) Would not put out anything which might be interpreted as a criticism of the Voice. To that end, an attached leaflet was inserted as an insort in the January 1952 "Crusader", a newsletter which was sent out to the 8,000 regional chairman of the Crusade for Freedom. It was intended to acquaint the regional Crusade organisations with the facts about the Voice of America and to offset any criticism or unfortunate comparison between Radio Free Europe and the Voice of America.Financial results were as followss.Expenses; $1,932,478Contributions; $2,011,229.9141952 CAMFAIONThe 1952 Crusade Campaign was begun by General Eisenhower, Adlai Stevenson and Henry Ford, II, the 1952 Campaign Chairman. The Campaign was endorsed in a letter from President Trumanı"I understand that on the success of the 1952 Crusade rests the plans of the Crusade for Freedom to build sore radio stations in Free Europe and Asia. If this can be done, and I believe that it will be done, the Free world cau nore offectively get the truth behind the Iron Curtain.""It is essential that the people everywhere know that we are working for peace, freedom and prosperity for all mankind."The assistance of the Advertising Council was enlisted and for the first time outdoor billboard advertising was used. Records were made con- taining 2 fifteen minute programs on "The RFE story and spot films were arranged for television with narration by Henry Fonda.For the first time, fund raising letters seeking large contributions were sent to all leading corporations.The Campaign was highly organised on the local level with state chairmen in almost every state. The Post Office Department permitted the use of a local post office address for receipts. Endorsements were obtained from many organ- isations such as the American Legion, VFW, CIO, National Auto. Dealers, American Brewers Foundation, and Catholic War Veterans etc. For fund raising
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-3-purposes on a mass scale - a freedogram to be slyned by contributors has been distributed. These freedomgrams, translated into six languages will be broadcast over Radio Free Europo.
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# SECRETSecure Information13 January 1953MEMORANDUM FOR: DEPUTY CHIEF, POLITICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL STAFFSUBJECT: Request by the Directors of NCFE for a statement from the responsible officer in CIA that NCFE has no responsibility of any kind for the initiation of, nor for the payments in respect to radio equipment known as the MB-50.1. The enclosed letter, is as you suggested, drafted for the signature of Mr. Tracy Barnes, which when signed, should be transmitted to this Office for New York's attention.2. Two versions have been prepared. Both should be signed, the sterilized version will be sent to New York, the unsterilized original will be retained in our files.![signature of Thomas W. Braden]THOMAS W. BRADENChiefInternational Organizations DivisionAttachments:As stated aboveSECRETSecure Information
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CONHDENT..Security InformationExecutive Registry![Executive Registry Stamp]Please spichh12 January 1953waloniwatons NusMEMORANDUM FOR: Deputy Director Central IntelligenceFROM : Chief, International OrganizationsYou may wish to speak to the Director about the fact that Charles Moore, a very close friend of mine who is Director of Public Relations for the Ford Motor Company, called me last week to suggest that his boss, Henry Ford, would like to be asked to become President of the Heritage Foundation.I think this lays to rest any fears we may have had of Mr. Ford's (in roality Mr. Moore's) criticism of the Crusade for Freedom leading to Mr. Ford's becoming inactive on our behalf.The Director might wish to call Mr. Ford and ask him to "become President if it is feasible for Mr. McCloy to become Chairman of the Board. In discretion, the Director may not wish to mention to Mr. Ford the message passed to me by Mr. Moore.THOMAS W. BRADENCONFIDENTIALSetvity Information
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# SECRETSECURITY INFORMATION## SITE OF FACTS AR RADIO FREE EUROPERadio Free Europe (RFE) was established as a separate division of ICFE when the latter was incorporated on 11 May, 1950. RFE has been on the air since mid-July 1950. At the close of 1950, RFE broadcasts were totaling 7 hours daily, programs of 13 hours each being addressed to the people of Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Rumania and Bulgaria. The total cost of this earliest period, from 17 May 1950 to 30 June 1950, was $853,937.07 operating and capital costs being roughly even. The next year was to see these costs rise in the same ratio - capital to operating - to a total of $11,950,005.03.Today, RFE broadcasts to all the above mentioned countries, with the addition of Albania, at a weekly total rate of 1066 hours, of which 190 hours are original programming - some 57% of the total free world broadcast hours directed at the Orbit. The original program broadcasts are directed mainly to Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Poland. Broadcats to Bulgaria, Rumania and Albania are prepared and relayed from New York.The estimated expenditures of RFE for the fiscal year 1953 are capital $2,981,120, operating expenses, $4,596,160, for a total of $17,280. Estimated operating expenses (only) for the same period are $21,616,300. A summary of RFE expenditures to date is as follows:For Period 17 May 50 to 30 June 50For Period 1 July 50 to 30 June 51For Period 1 July 51 to 30 June 52For Period 1 July 52 to 30 June 53TOTALS TO INCLUDE 30 JUNE 1963|     | Capital       | Operating Expenses | Total         || --- | ------------- | ------------------ | ------------- ||     | $850,825.23   | $203,111.84        | $853,937.07   ||     | 2,461,081.85  | 6,439,023.23       | 8,900,105.08  ||     | 3,771,745.48  | 2,310,039.07       | 2,310,039.07  ||     | 2,981,120.00  | 9,596,160.00       | 12,577,280.00 ||     | 10,064,772.56 | 18,548,334.14      | 27,427,112.17 |RFE's principal installations are its main broadcasting station and production equipment, located in Munich, Germany; broadcasting facilities maintained in New York City and the relay center at Lisbon, Portugal.In Germany, transmitters are in operation at Bolskirchen and Biblis, while monitoring, recording and receiving functions are at Pfaffenheim and Loosburg. In Portugal, the 50 and 100 kw transmitter is at Gloria, while receiving/monitoring facilities and production/editing are at Baxoqueria and Lisbon, respectively.Original capital investment in Germany as of 30 June 1950 amounted to $198,193.10. Original capital, for Portugal as of 30 June 1950
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was in the amount of $66,000.00 $549,708.06INVENTORIES OF ASSETS (At Cost):|                       | TOTAL         | NEW YORK    | GERMANY       | PORTUGAL      || --------------------- | ------------- | ----------- | ------------- | ------------- || Acquired:             |               |             |               |               || Prior to July 1, 1952 | $3,113,305.28 | $316,511.20 | $1,561,932.26 | $1,234,811.82 || Current Piscale       | 1,034,937.80  | 97,909.29   | 261,727.89    | 475,300.62    ||                       | $4,148,243.08 | $414,420.49 | $1,823,710.15 | $1,210,112.44 |Breakdown of revised 1953 budget as it applies to New York, Munichand Claims offices follows:|          | Capital       | Operating     | Total          || -------- | ------------- | ------------- | -------------- || New York | $158,000.00   | $2,405,044.00 | $2,563,044.00  || Munich   | 768,261.      | 1,232,696.00  | 2,000,957.00   || Marion   | 2,054,859.00  | 3,858,420.00  | 6,013,279.00   || Total    | $2,981,120.00 | $2,555,160.00 | $12,577,280.00 |
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SECURITY INFORMATIONCRUSADE FOR MILLIONRFE is in part supported by the Crusade for Freedom, a major for raising mechanism. From September 4, 1950 to date, the Crusade has been responsible for some million dollars in exiri- butions to RFE and RFE. Revenues for the Crusade, over the same period, amounted to some 2 1/4 millions. All monies raised, over and above normal revenues, or a total of 1 3/4 millions have been spent directly and solely on RFE's central installations, i.e., trans- mitters, receivers, supporting equipment.PERSONNELRFE in July 1950 employed 177, of whom 118 were Americans, 21 of whom were employed in Germany. At present, RFE has a total staff of 1770, of whom 252 are American. In New York, the administrative headquarters, the staff number 195. In London, where are the programming headquarters, there are 1249 employees. In Lisbon, the technical relay headquarters, there are now 134 individuals. These figures include only staff employees on the regular payroll.
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# SECURITY INFOMATION## MAJOR RFE CONTRIBUTIONSRFE is a major instrument in total U.S. political and psychological warfare efforts directed at Central and Eastern Europe. It has contributed in the following ways:RFE made an intensive campaign of Stalin's death and linked this event with the death of Gottwald and the illness of Fieck.During the intensive period of the Stalin story, RFE was on the air 24 hours with all its 21 transmitters on a single frequency, which was switched continuously from country to country. It beat all Western press agencies by 2½ hours in announcing Gottwald's illness and is usually about 2 hours ahead of VOA and BBC in announcing events of major importance.Radio Free Europe was the first to inform the Agency of the recent riots in Pilsen, the reshuffle of the Hungarian Communist Government, etc.RFE has contributed in the launching of two balloon operations: one in the summer of 1951, when barrages of balloons were hurled at Czechoslovakia and Poland; another on 11 July 1953, when thousands of balloons were launched into Czechoslovakia.RFE is an effective machinery through which the U.S. Government can work unofficially as cannot be done through VOA or RIAS.RFE gives hope to those behind the Iron Curtain and its broadcasts have provided incentives to escape: e.g. escape of two Polish Pilots, Freedom Train.Interrogation of refugees and escapees from behind the Iron Curtain. Escapees often prefer to go to RFE reception center rather than more official U.S. outfits. Interrogation reports are of immense value to intelligence and to formulation of U.S. policy.RFE guidance: Highly intelligent analyses of current situations and lines to be followed in broadcasts. Of extreme value to U.S. Government.