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183. the approach, which was made by KGB officers. During an inter-view by the FBI on 18 June 1962, GOLITSYNThis second lead, GOLITSY said, stemmed from his conversa-tions with KOVSHUK whom he said was the "assistant" (chief) ofthe American Department, while GOLITSIN was temporarily in Moscowduring "December 1960."** GOLITSYN related that he had visitedthe American Department to request permission to use PREISFREUNDoperationally in Helsinki. This request was refused with theexplanation: "You see, he (PREISFREUND) helped us in one recruit-ment now, and it is necessary to be careful for about six months*GOLITSYN could mean either Pomoshchik (assistant) or Zamestitel'(deputy). The CHEREPANOV papers show that KOVSHUK was DeputyChief of the Department as late as 1959. NOSENKO said that, asa result of a drinking incident, KOVSHUK was demoted from De-puty Chief of the American Department to Chief of its AmericanEmbassy Section in 1959 and held this position until early 1962.GOLITSYN said he had known KOVSI:UK for about ten years andcharacterized him as a capable officer with about 15 years ofKGB experience, at least ten of them in the American Department,Second Chief Directorate. In about 1956, according to GOLITSYN,KOVSHUK was handling KGB agent Henry SHAPIRO. CIA records showthat in addition, KOVSHUK was involved in the Moscow and Wash-ington phases of the "ANDREY" case (he was identified by DayleSMITH; see Part VI.D.3.b.) and in the development in Moscow ofCIA officer George WINTERS (who identified his photograph; seePart VI.D.7.c.). According to NOSENKO, KOUSHUK took personalpart in the recruitments of Roy RHODES and Dayle SMITH, in theapproach to Army Attache Walter MULE, code clerk Louis MANNHEIM,State Department Officer Richard HARMSTONE, and code clerkJames STORSBERG, and in the interrogations of CIA officersRussell LANGELLE and Richard JACOB.**GOLITSYN's passport and travel records held by CIA confirm thatGOLITSYN travelled only twice to the Soviet Union after hisarrival in Helsinki on 20 July 1960. The first of these tripswas on 19 January 1961, when he flew directly from Helsinki toMoscow; he returned to Helsinki by rail a week later, on 28January. GOLITSYN's second trip to the Soviet Union was from9 to 15 April 1961, when he appears to have spent all or mostof this period in Leningrad. A Finnish national, whom GOLITSYNhad been developing in Helsinki, has reported that he met withGOLITSYN in Leningrad on a daily basis from 10 through 13 April1961. Moreover, GOLITSYN has never mentioned being in Moscowduring this time. Since GOLITSYN remained in Helsinki fromApril until December 1961, when he defected, it appears thathe erred by one month in reporting the date of his conversa-tions in the American Department and that he learned of thesecond lead some time during the week of 19 January 1961. Thisis the same conversation of which NOSENKO spoke several timesin 1962 and subsequently (see above). NOSENKO has alwaysmaintained that he was out of Moscow on leave at the time ofGOLITSYN's visit and that this was in the summer of 1961. Whenhe was told in February 1965 that GOLITSYN was in Moscow. inJanuary 1961, NOSENKO replied that CIA was either wrong orwas attempting to deceive him. NOSENKO declined to change.his story of the summer leave.