Francesco/who-killed-jfk huggingface dataset:
[104-10174-10071.pdf — page 168]
27 June '50Re: "STALIN" PHOTO-BOOK.Target: Stalin.Basic theme: Stalin means WAR.For publication in: to be suitable for publication in any country.France to start with.Item: ES: "It should be so good that Stalin himself couldn't answer it. Captions to be as far as possible genuine quotes from Marx, Lenin, Stalin, Molotov, under photos showing undeniable facts such as the assassination of Trotsky. Nothing phonsy. If we have a book that no one in the Kremlin can pick holes in, it will be good for publication anywhere in the world."Item: ES: Target is Stalin and his regime. "It should not contain a line that would offend any non-Communist Russian".Item: ES: Don't use any quotes from avowed anti-Stalinists such as Kravchenko.Title: "Joseph Stalin", "This Man Wants 'Peace'", "This Man Talks Peace""Thirty-three Years of Peace", "The Trojan Dove".ES: Don't let's worry about the title now.Item: ES: K says there is a very striking contrast between photos of the Politburo leaders in the 20's and unretouched photos of them now, e.g. in the official 20-minute news-reel of May Day 1949 in Red Square, bloated fatcats. ES: It looks (28 June) as tho this news-reel, and stills from it, may be available. g: If it's technicolor, so much the better.Item: ES: "Pictorial History of Russia" by John Stuart Martin.
[104-10174-10071.pdf — page 169]
CONTENTS, suggested by BS:(1) Photo of Tsar & Kaiser together.Be-medalled.(Three of them "Willy-Nicky" photos).(2) Photo showing Devastation of World War I.Corpses, refugees.KS; preferably in what area? France?(3) Photo: Lenin (genuinely) urging Peace.Lenin on soap-box, with crowds carrying banners "Peace".Caption indicating translation of Russian for "peace".(4) Close-ups of Lenin & his Politburo in power.Including one of Lenin & Trotsky (& Stalin?) together.They wanted peace, what became of them? Followed by:(5) Trotsky reviewing troops.(6) Trotsky dead, with head bandaged.Caption: quotation from Stalin to the effect "We owed much in 1917-18 to the organizing genius of Comrade Trotsky".(7) / or (4)?/- Lenin "a most ordinary-looking man".Caption: Stalin's "How great was my disappointment to see a most ordinary-looking man, below average in height, in no way, literally in no way, distinguishable from ordinary mortals." (From Crankshaw article, "The Battle for Lenin's Mantle", in NYTimes mag., 25/6/50).(7½) Photo Stalin.Perhaps the unshaven one in Deutscher, or the one from his/Tsarist police dossier.Caption: Lenin's 4 Jan. 1923 postscript to his Testament:"Stalin is too rough...Therefore I propose that the comrades find a way to remove Stalin..." (Crankshaw article).Title for BOOK?: "FIND A WAY TO REMOVE STALIN"-V.I. LENIN
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(8) "Photo of USSR baing put on a war footing"I.e., photo of*   ? a collective farm?*   photo of famine during the enforosd collectivisation?*   photo of liquidated bilaks?*   photo of a masa of tractors?ES: the argument here is: The real purpose behind Collectivization was (a) to break the peasants as a political force, and (b) to put the country on a war footing: to get the grain, in order to get fomign exchange, in order to get war siechinery.ES: this will need a cogent caption, to make the argument convincing.(9) Photo of Tukhachavsky & generals shot in '371.  Tukhaebovsky2.  Ossarnik (had a beard)3.  Yakir4.  Yegorov5.  Feldmen6.  KorisCaption?How does the fact Stalin shot them prove "Stalin seems Naz"?(10) Stalin with Ribbentrop, after signing Pact 1939 (Aug).Caption: birthday greeting telegram from __________ to __________"Our friendship is cemented in blood"(11) Moscow airdrome decorated with the Swastika.(12) Stalin & Eatonoka together after signing neutrality pact, April '41.(13) Left page: Red Army marching into Poland, 1939Right ": Nazis marching into Poland, 1939Caption: "...With one blow the so-called state collapsed"(See quotations from "Rape of Poland" by Mikolajczyk, MS has)(14) Red Army Meeting Nazis at Lvov, about Nov. 1939.
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(15) Seene fres Basso-Pinnich war.emphasis on Russian coldiers dead,Caption: quote Stalin on Finnish independence, 1917) he signed the deureajES: who has the text of the docres on hand? Doutecher?(16) Stalin makes war on his native Georging Feb. 1921??But any photo hard to come by?Caption: quote Lenin: "I am outraged by the arrogance of Ordjonikidze and the connivance of Stalin and Dzerzhinsky". (Cronobar article).For photos use shot of Stalin's birthplace, or of Tiflis, or something like that?# has read Chavchavadze's book.(17) Photo of invasion of Russia, June 1941.Caption:ES; I can turn this to good account.(18) Stalin with Churchill & Roosevelt, posing as one of the champions of "Democracy".Caption: ES "I have millions of captions for this in 'Stalin's War-time Speeches'".(19) Meeting on Elbe of USA & USSR soldiers.Caption: this time people thought peace had really come (in Europe)(20) Red Army display of tanks & men in Red Squarefrom some Nov. 7 or 1st May photo.(21) Beria & Malenkov looking "loathsome"unretouched stills from news-reel of May 1, '49 in Red Square.Caption?
[104-10174-10071.pdf — page 172]
(22) Hitler's Chemcallery in ruins.(23) Nuremberg War Criminals lying in a row after being hanged.(24) Anti-CP peace-rally in W. BerlinCaption: "the people still want peace".(25) Eisenhower & Zhukov together (in uniform), 1945(26) Eisenhower as Columbia president (in civilian clothes)Caption: Where is Zhukov now?Item: They bungled their way into helping destroy the German Republic and bringing on Hitler. They raised up Hitler to invade them." --ES.
[104-10174-10071.pdf — page 173]
SECRETROUTING AND RECORD SHEETINSTRUCTIONS: Officer designations should be used in the "To" column. Under each comment a line should be drawn across sheet and each comment numbered to correspond with the number in the "To" column. Each officer should initial. Check names insufficient before further routing. This Record and Routing Sheet should be returned to Registry.FROM:W. SimsNO.DATETO ROOM DATE OFFICER'S COMMENTSNO. REC'D FOR'D INITIALSO. ShankDATE21 June 19501.  Don't sign any autho's name on this2.  Don't have any group known to be hostile to suicide as the sponsors3.  A Russian edition is Essential, therefore it should contain matter that will afford Russian (or distinguish on Stalwart) Quabilities4.  Would suggest the New York- Communist World Trade Union Federation as the sponsor - if one is needed.5.  Main political objective is not Stalin's cruelty or his power, But:-He is planning aggressive war which would destroy mankind therefor its necessary to destroy him firstFORM NO. 51.10APR 949SECRET
[104-10174-10071.pdf — page 174]
SECRET20 June 50.LR. SUB-(1) Re "STALIN IS HITLER" PHOTO BOOK, suggested by you 16 June.(2) I have asked ISR to supply us with all available personality photos of Hitler & Stalin, i.e. "photos in which they appear in close-up -we might also have one of Red Square & Nuremberg/ receiving bouquets from little girls, visiting wounded soldiers, voting, pinning medals on generals, receiving visiting statesmen from dominated areas, with emphasis on photos showing the two dictators engaged in similar activities."I have my doubts as to whether they will come up with a large number. It will probably also be necessary to draw on the big New York photo agencies.(3) THE PROJECT. The book to be published, first, in France; then in other countries: Italy, West Germany, Holland, Belgium, Norway, Sweden, etc.(4) OBJECT. Discredit Stalin. Reveal him as the ruthless master of a "spyridden slave-camp". Show him as worse than Hitler. More dangerous, because his poison is more exportable; more ruthless; more cunning. **Much more important to show he is planning aggressive war**(5) BOOK TO BE COMPILED BY Williamson, in conjunction with SP. Williamson to be paid his fully daily rate, to enable him to neglect his regular work.(6) BOOK TO BE SIGNED BY? Howard Hunt suggests, in France, some organization such as the Polish National Liberation Committee, or Federation of Iron Curtain Journalists; or NCFE? or FORCE ARRIERE? (The cat is the West)It might be signed with some pan-European pseudonym such as "Stefan Mueller"?(7) IS AMERICAN INTEREST IN THE BOOK TO BE CONCEALED?(8) TO BE PUBLISHED BY? In France, a French publisher.An excellent literary agent might be Gérard Boutelleau, Krav-chenko's literary agent, described on page 22 of "I Chose Justice".(9) SUBSIDY. Estimates of production costs for this type of book have been made in connection with KM FUNNY. To insure widespread sale, a considerable subsidy would be necessary.SECRET
[104-10174-10071.pdf — page 175]
# SECRET(10) SIZE OF BOCK? A maximum of 75 pages of photos. This would give some 36 or 37 two-page sets of Hitler-Stalin photos.(11) CAPTIONS? I think we will need them, and should have them; at least for a good many of the photos. (I think this will prove to be the case when you come to make up any actual dummy).(12) Something a good deal more eye-catching and forceful, as a TITLE than the tentative "Stalin Is Hitler" should be forthcoming?"Your Leader?" "Do you want this man?" "Slave master""Man of Steel, and blood", "This Man Wants War!"(13) CAN 36 SETS OF PHOTOS SHOWING PARALLELS BETWEEN H & S BE PRODUCED? Undoubtedly yes. But:(14) HOW MANY PARALLEL CLOSE UP PHOTOS CAN YOU SUGGEST?I.c., we can have parallels showing each dictator receiving a bouquet from an awestruck child; parallels of each of them "voting", with suitably biting captions under each; parallels of Hacha on the carpet at Berchtesgaden, alongside some Satellite minister summoned to Loscow.But how, with any close-up photos of H & S can you deal with such matters as Slave Labor, the Gestapo, the MVD. For these, it seems to me, it will be necessary to have non-close-up photos, i.e., photos in which H & S do not appear. But the parallel between the two regimes can be emphasized (a) in the Captions, and (b) by some such typographic device as:(15) OVER-PRINT A SWASTIKA & HAMMER-SICKLE in the upper corner/of each set of non-close-up photos.(16) GEXT? Captions, it seems to me, will be found necessary, and perhaps even some inter-leaved pages of parallel texts. E.G., you can have, on a left-hand page, a photo of Witzleben (and/or some of the other bomb-plot German Generals being executed in 1944) and on the right-hand page photos of Tuchachevsky and the 6 other Red Army generals who were executed along with him (with no photographers present) in 1937. But how can any photo of Tuchachevsky et al. begin to do justice to the subject of the Purge-as-a continuous-featuresof-Soviet-life-ever-since-1917????"The first & greatest misunderstanding about the Purges has to do with their duration. To most Americans / also Western Europeans, he says, elsewhere: Kravchenko, "I Chose Justice", p.145/, a Soviet purge is somethingECRET
[104-10174-10071.pdf — page 176]
# SECRET3exceptional, a violent phenomenon which they vaguely understand has happenedonce, or several times perhaps, but is then over and done with. This is abasic error. Purgos are part of the permanent machinery of the Sovietregime. They are continuous and never-ending. There have been periods ofintensification.... But there has never been a period free of purging..."How can we possibly do justice to Purges-under Stalin, as described byKravchenko in the ten pages 145-155, with a few photos? (Bren more so, howdo justice, with photos alone, to what it is like to live ander a regimewhere "one person in every 7" is an AVD informer*?)Therefore why not something such as:(17) PURGE PHOTOS PUIS TERY?Have one or two good, gruesome gallows photos: plus photos (per-haps a half-dozen or more to a page) of several dozen major figures whohave been killed: Tuchachersky, 6 out of 7 of the 1924 (awa't it) Politburoitself, the Jan. 1937 purgees ("all shot except Radek"), the frial of theTwenty-one (Harch 1938: "all shot except Rakovski"), etc etc., plus Kostov,Rajk, etc.Then, between pages of photos, have a page of text, to drivethe Purging-is-continuous point-home.We could, e.g., reprint the above-quoted paragraph from Kravchenko(whose name every French reader would recognise), and some of the lists ofrurgees he gives on p. 148-9.Then the gruesome photo (available?) of Trotsky sprawled across hiodesk after stalin's assassin had been at him with the meat-cleaver, whichwould lead the reader on to perhaps one more page of text. And eye-catchingteart, not hard to read, in display fom:POLITBURO Pyatkov......................shotRykov........................shotBukharin.....................shotTrotsky........................assassinatedKostov........................"deviationist": shot.Rajk........................"deviationist": shot.Dimitrov........................?Vonesensky........................?Thores........................ 195? ? ETC ETC ETC.(18) A "SPY-RIDDEN" REGIMS.To put this point across, in photos, seens offhand difficult.However, it might be possible simply to have an ordinary photo of an ordinarycitizen, looking somewhat apprehensive, with underneath it a Caption consistingof a single sentence from, e.g., Kravcherko:".... Finally Donenko escaped. He found his wife and three childrenliving in the Doneta. Basin under a false name."No one-except my wife,' Donenko said, 'could know who I weallySECRET
[104-10174-10071.pdf — page 177]
CRET4was. I took lodging in their house as a stranger. My own childrencalled me uncle, and grew up without knowing that the man who boardedin their house was in reality their own father." (I Chose Justice, p.506).(19) KATYN & OSHWIECIM, etc. We can of course have parallel photoshere.But a map of the USSR with a large black dot for each placewhere there is a labor-camp, with caption underneath in very large type,"15,000,000 and more!" might help to drive home the extent of slavelabor under Stalin. I can't see how any single photo of slave-laborerscan make the point.There is such a map of the labor-camp locations in Dallin,but it is typographically a very poor one, and it is devoutly to be hopedthat CIA Cartographic can come up with a better one.(20) TUESDAY, June 27. WILLIAMSON is making a trip to Washington,and should be in the office early in the morning. Could you meet withhim-then?In preparing these photo books there seems to be nothing likeactually getting down to the preparation of a dummy. Could you preparesome sort of rough dummy or List of Contents to submit to Williamson,indicating the themes for which you would like to have the photos illue-trate?W. S. Sims(19½) My tentative view in re this Photo Book might be summed upas the "Seydlitz powder" theory. I.e., (1) a page of printed statisticsof purgées, alone, is no good; (2) a page with a gruesome gallows photoalone is not good enuf, but (3) put the two together, and you have something"graphic" to bring home to the reader what it would be really like to liveunder Stalin.SECRET
[104-10174-10071.pdf — page 178]
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See 10 for additional information on PDQUICK.Most of the people mentioned came to a conference in Berlin (Int Congress for Cultural Freedom) - arranged by PDQUICK, an EE/PPG Project.
[104-10174-10071.pdf — page 181]
SEGRETMEMORANDUM FOR: Mr. Lindsay, CEBTHROUGH: Mr. Schrayer, EE IIISUBJECT: Congress for Cultural FreedomAttached is an interim report. A considerable amount of material, including American and foreign press cuttings, a photographic exhibit and full text of speeches, will be available within the next few days and can, at that time, be made the subject of an additional report.LOUIS GLASERGerman Desk, EE III1 AttachmentReport described aboveEE III/LO/fdrcc:
[104-10174-10071.pdf — page 182]
# SECRETCONGRESS FOR CULTURAL FREEDOMBerlin, Germany26 to 30 June, 1950I. Origin and ParposeEarly in 1950 a plan vas conceived to gather together in Berlin, in the heart of Soviet Germany, a representative group of the Western World's intellectual leaders and to provide them with an inctrument to repudiate the totalitarian concept of intellectual subservience to the state. OFC planned to convene the Congress of Cultural Freedom in June 1950 at a moment most advanta-gecus to counteract the psychological effect of the Soviet-sponsored Whitountide-Youth Dally. The meetings and pronouncements of the Congress were to be widely publicized by prosa, radio and printed material not only to the Western world but by sustained clandestine distribution in coskunist-controlled areas.II. DevelopmentTo achieve maximum effect and credibility, it was apparent from the outset that the actual sponsorship of such a convention should not de permitted to appear. Accordingly, the Congress for Cultural Freedom ostensibly sprang into being as the inspiration of a meeting between Irast Reuter, Lord Mayor of Berlin: Dr. Otto Suhr, Rector of the Berlin College of Political Science, and Dr. Redslab, Rector of the Free Caiversity of Berlin. Melvin J. Lasky, RICOG editor of the intellectual periodical, Der Monat, was introduced into the formative committee and nominated Acting General Secretary to steer the operation for OFC.
[104-10174-10071.pdf — page 183]
- 2 -In the name of an international sponsoring committee[^1] invita- sions to the Congress were extended to prominent intellectual, cultural and labor figures of the Western World or in exile froz cosmunist-dotrinated Rastern countries. The complicated task of gathering together these widely-scattered individuals at the site of the Congress required the closest coordination with and coopera- tion of official and private United States agencies and individuals of many nationalities. The delicate matter of covertly financing the travel and expenses of delegates for example, had to be accomplished with the assistance of three American committees with estab- lished interests in international affairs. An enormous amount of organizational detail was handled in Berlin and elsewhere on the.. continent and in the U. S. under OFC sponsorship and direction. Provision of interpreters, press and redio coverage, an elaborate book display, accommodations for personal comfort and security of the delegates and facilities for the official business of the Congress, were among the problems which had to be solved.OPC is particularly grateful to the State Department which, through the office of Mr. Bruce Buttles, rendered exceptional and sympathetic cooperation throughout the progress of negotiations and arrangements. This cooperation extended to letters from the State Departeant to invitees, backing up Committee invitatione, a general[^1]: The Committee included such names astBertrand Russell, Arthur Koestler, Great Britain: Charles Plisnier, Belgium; David Rousset, Andre Gide, and Andre Malarix, France; Haakon Lie, Norvay; Ignasio Silone, Italy; John Dewey and Arthur Schlesinger, U. S.; Carlo Schmid, Germany: Dennis Rougement, Switzerland.
[104-10174-10071.pdf — page 184]
SECRET-4-to be supported by funds of CIC and delegates were characterized as American police spies and war mongers. In the U. S., considerable coverage was given by the N. Y. Times, N. Y. Herald Tribune, Baltimore Sun, Washington Star and other papers. Additional coverage is expected in periodicals in the form of reviews and feature articles.In recording the opening of the Congress, the Christian Science Monitor referred to the fact that it was being held just one month after the Communists had staged the greatest totalitarian youth meeting ever held in Europe. The Monitor went on to say:> There is as much difference between these gatherings as one can to imagined. The one emphasized numbers and blind obedience to collectivism. The other will be composed of a select company of noted public leaders and scholars from the western world and will stress the all-importance of freedom of expression and of human rights.In its deliberations, the cultural and intellectual slavery imposed by the Soviet Union and her satellite states was emphatically and repeatedly denounced. The attack by North Korea was immediately seized upon by delegates and made the subject of vigorous repudiation. In this connection, it is significant that the delegates were not bound, limited, or instructed in any way. [^1] It was well known that one delegate, Dr. Hans Thirring, Austrian atomic scientist, had prepared a speech which contained a considerable amount of criticism of the Western democracies. The speech had been printed and distributed to delegates in advance of the session. When the Korean news[^1]: While no control was exercised over papers and statements of delegates, it was necessary that the general course of business and tenor of the Congress be held within the bounds of the original concept. This was accomplished by an informal steering committee the key member of which was a highly respected, internationally famous delegate, who was also an OFC agent.SECRET
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SECRET-5-broke, he stood before the Congress and, amidst cheers, openly re-pudiated his prepared document, stating that in view of the cynicalKorean Aggression he would confine himself to a denunciation ofcommunist despotism.The Congress delegates represented many divergent backgroundsand philosophies. They were free to express any opinion. Yet atno period during the five days of discussion, debate and oratory wasthere any critics of the U. S. or of its policy in the Far East.U. S. policy was, in fact, vigorously defended by a number of dele-gates, including Haakon Lie, noted Norwegian labor leader.The Congress unanimously approved the following "Letter to theEast", a message to writers, authors and scientists behind the ironcurtain:"The great conflict now raging in the world is nota conflict between East and West. It is not a conflictbetween peoples. We definitely reject the accusationthat we who have come together from many countries anddifferent parts of the world are hostile to the peoplesof Russia and the countries subjected to the dominationof the Stalin dictatorship. Quite the reverse: wehave amongst us representatives of those peoples."We are deeply convinced that the problem of thefreedom of the peoples who are today enslaved underthe Stalin dictatorship and the problem of ensuringfreedom and peace throughout the world are inseparablylinked."All those who fight for freedom against oppress-ion can be assured of our unlimited solidarity."Deliberations of the Congress concluded with a unanimous mani-festo (see Tab A) in which the delegates rejected the idea of non-trality in the struggle between freedom and tyranny and stated thatintellectuals should not stand silent on the sidelines but shouldSECRET