Francesco/who-killed-jfk huggingface dataset:
[104-10174-10071.pdf — page 212]
SECRET- 3 -these men have written, (Note: We have only seen the one by Trevor-Roper.) and the situation was complicated by the desire of Trevor-Roper to maintain a high and academic objectivity in relation to world affairs, whereas the delegates to the Congrass insisted on making it a realistic denunciation of the Communist strangle-hold on culture and intellectual freedom. Koestler epitomizes the lofty philosophical viewpoint by saying, "Do you want partiel liberty or total slavery?" Lasky has written a reply, over his naze, to Trevor-Koper.d. Melvin Lasky is cranted the qualities of ability, courage, hard work and political intuition but, he is, at the same time, the most vain and egocentric individual imaginable. In addition to which, he is an intellectual snov, and a publicity hound. Also, he definitely is not reliable, cannot be counted upon to do things that he should do unless they work in with his own ideas. He has the Russian Menshetic point of view which is simply that of useless intrique for the sake of intrigue. His intellectual snobbery was indiceted in his process of meetin; delegates. If they were very important, he went to meet them with his personal car and driver--along with newspaper photographers. If they were reasonably important, a private car res sent for them. If they were ordinary delegates, they was given transportation on a bus. At least one dole-Eate was contacted by Burnham and arrangements were made with Lasky to invite him, but no invitation was sent. In the case of Max Vergin, Lasky succeeded in mümiliating him and in the case of Yakevlow, Lasky ut first refused to print his name on the program at all. Lasky has done a wonderful job with Der Monet and there is no qü39-tion as to his netural ability and capacity for hard work but it is difficult to see how he can be used in any outstanding position in connection with a continuation of the Congress unless it is in an advisory capacity, possibly in charge of the Serlin office and with a strong hand to subdue his self-advertising proclivities.3. The stove represents Burnham's general views, in some cases expressed spontanecus17, in others dram out by questions, and it is new proposed to have a further meeting and ask him to talk about the development potentialities and techniques.GlaserLOUIS GLASERΕΤΙΙ/Α/Κcc: EIII ChronoIII Subject FileCr. SchreyerSECRET
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SECRET9 August 1950MEMORANDUM FCR: MR. WISMERSUBJECT: FDQUICK - Existing Organization1. Pursuant to your oral request of this morning, there are set forth below the elements of subject organization. As you are avare subject is in a fluid stage but, as of 7 July 1950, the following steps had been taken (except that the action described under "a" was taken at the end of the month of July):a. A small Paris office was opened with M. Louis Gibarti as Secretary, on trial for a two-month period.b. Letters had been sent out to the honorary Chairmen requesting them to continue to serve in that capacity. These chairmen are: Croce, Dowey, Maritain, Jaspers, and Russell. This action was taken by the Congress in session.c. An Executive Committee of five had been nominated. This committee consists of Ignazio Silone, David Rousset, Arthur Koestler, Irving Brown and Carlo Schmid. This action was likewise taken by the Congress in session.d. Also at the Berlin session of the Congress an Inter- national Committee of twenty-five was nominated. All but the last five of these were also confirmed. The last five had not been confirmed as of 7 July 1950. The names of these twenty-five individuals follows:✓ Ignazio Silone✓ David RoussetArthur KoestlerCarle SchmidIrving BrownX Julian AveryHaaken LieJames BurnhamSidney HookNicolas NabokovSugen KogonTheodor PlievierHerbert ReadDenis de RougenontLionello VenturiBoris NicolaevskyKarel KupkaJosef CzarskiMargarete Buber-NeumannAndre PhilipX Richard CrossmanFrancois MauriacPablo Casals ✓Thornton Wilder ✓Oshir PollakCDGB:TFISTR:Orig - ADPC - 1EE chrono & subjectRegistry - 2SECRETC. D. d. S.EX/EE
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News and publicity accomplimentsof N.Y. officeNews coverage out of Berlin by U.S.CorrespondentsNews coverage and ensuing publicityby Merns. Montgomery and CircutWhat news coverage in Western Europe?Delegates from Middle East?Last minute invitations mixed by Paalry -including more wines?Did Mehring have a press conference inBerlin? Was Gisevius mentioned inpublicity at all?What happened to the book displays?(There were two photographs)What was distributed to East Germany in theform of propaganda, during the Congress,accounting.
[104-10174-10071.pdf — page 215]
# Randy' Advantages, limitationsAlso Finnish mentalityComputation is misunderstood* irrationality,* too intuitiveSet up not too ideal situationInfluencer (app. Financer, Contrat)Poter & Mandelarbil, - service.Tran Firman.> [Figure] The figure illustrates the conceptual model for the relationship between elements.> [Figure] This is the figure of a seed.Randy - very useful manFamous language.Famous European politicsGood Contact man - write - organizeKeitterProposed to workrequired as to acquisition technique.
[104-10174-10071.pdf — page 216]
SECRET9 August 1980MEMORANDUM FOR: MR. R. AJEERSUBJECT : FD JICK; Conference with Mr. Burnham1. In the first of a series of talks with Mr. Burnham, follow- ing his return from Europe, a broad coverage of the Cultural Congress was explored as well as post-Congress plans and proceedings.2. I went into very little detail with Mr. Burnham as to the eventual setup of the Congress as a permanent institution except to suggest that it had very broad and far-reaching implications and would be carefully studied and pursued within the next few weeks. Mr. Burnham, however, expressed his point of view (which is to be further ex- plored in other meetings this week) as follows:a. The continuation of the Congress as a going concern of intended permanence is now a fact. (We know that there is an executive committee, an operating committee and that the instit- ution of a Paris Office has been authorized.) Overtly, a per- manent Congress for Cultural Freedom can vastly improve the climate of opinion throughout Europe, at least, to the extent that it may considerably counter Soviet propaganda and may very well affect large groups of people far beyond the point of neutrality, per- haps to resistance. Also overtly, the Congress can utilize its participants in various forms of writing, speaking, and political action. Covertly, the Congress can perform a number of useful functions, including maintenance of contact with various resis- tance groups, forwarding money to such groups, spreading clandestine propaganda and other purposes. No great pretentions are necessary in connection with the establishment of the Congress as a permanent institution, though a small office in Paris and another in Berlin are indicated. The sponsorship of a French Intellectual Periodical seems to be one of the most pressing and one of the best ideas, and Aron is enthusiastic about it and is willing to work for such a magazine as editor. Other members of the Congress, Yakovlev, for instance, are willing to work on Con- gress publications and both Koestler and Buber-Neumann are very anxious to take part in the literary and political activities. Bondy is a very useful man, apparently entirely reliable and a good writer and organizer; he knows languages and knows European politics.SECRET
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b. The impact of the Congress on Berlin was terrific and Reuter's part magnificent. The whole city was very eager and receptive and paid an extraordinary amount of attention to all of the Congress activities. The book display at the Congress itself was only fairly effective, but was extremely telling in the book stores throughout western sectors, which made special displays of the books and photographs of the authors. Broadcasting by radio RIAS seems to have been more or less nominal, although RLS cut tapes of all of the Congress speeches, but the Voice of America team did a first-class and absolutely outstanding job. The Congress was given big coverage by VOA in several languages. In addition to the records of European publicity that are on hand, a considerable additional amount was produced. For instance, there was daily broadcasting of a French radio station and sporadic broadcasting coverage by other stations. There was a large amount of publicity in France and England and a substantial amount in Italy, Sweden and other countries. Special articles are still appearing in the European press and periodicals. The influence of the Congress on a number of important literary and political leaders appears to be very significant. This was especially true in the case of Frenay and Silone, both of whom underwent an apparent conversion due to the operations of the Congress. On the other hand, the composition of the Congress was unbalanced nationally and also because it was too leftist, too radical.c. The irritation caused by the Trevor-Roper article in the Manchester Guardian was a reflection of the attitude of three members of the British delegation, Trevor-Roper, Ayer, and Petit de Mendelssohn. Actually, Mendelssohn (an old buddy of Lasky's) was the cause of the trouble. He is a second-rate writer, a neurotic, frustrated intellectual, who had a chip on his shoulder and unquestionably inspired Trevor-Roper and Ayer with his spirit of antagonism. Another complication was the fact that Ayer and Koestler have been intellectual rivals and bitterly dislike each other. Ayer was infuriated by Koestler's prominence and communicated this antagonism to Trevor-Roper. The latter is an excessively conceited man (Burnham added at this point that almost all intellectuals are excessively conceited) and was openly annoyed because he did not figure in the proceedings with sufficient prominence. ("Incidentally," says Burnham, "Trevor-Roper's description of Koestler as a 'rootless European' follows Pravda, which uses that term as a general description for Jews.") The annoyance felt by Trevor-Roper and Ayer at their relegation to minor roles in comparison to Koestler found its outlet in articles which both of
[104-10174-10071.pdf — page 218]
SEGRETthese men have written, (Note: We have only seen the one by Trevor-Roper.) and the situation was complicated by the desire of Trevor-Roper to maintain a high and academic objectivity in relation to world affairs, whereas the delegates to the Congress insisted on making it a realistic enunciation of the Communist strangle-hold on culture and intellectual freedom. Koestler epitomizes the lofty philosophical viewpoint by saying, "Do you want partial liberty or total slavery?" Lasky has written a reply, over his name, to Trevor-Roper.d. Melvin Lasky is granted the qualities of ability, courage, hard work and political intuition but he is, at the same time, the most vain and egocentric individual imaginable. In addition to which, he is an intellectual snob and a publicity hound. Also, he definitely is not reliable, cannot be counted upon to do things that he should do unless they work in with his own ideas. He has the Russian Menshevik point of view which is simply that of useless intrigue for the sake of intrigue. His intellectual snobbery was indicated in his process of meeting delegates. If they were very important, he want to meet them with his personal car and driver-along with newspaper photographers. If they were reasonably import-ant, a private car was sent for them. If they were ordinary dele-gates, they were given transportation on a bus. At least one delegate was contacted by Burnham and arrangements were made with Lasky to invite him but no invitation was sent. In the case of Max Yargin, Lasky succeeded in humiliating him and in the case of Yakovlev. Lasky at first refused to print his name on the program at all. Lasky has done a wonderful job with Dor. Monet and there is no question as to his natural ability and capacity for hard work but it is difficult to see how he can be used in any outstanding position in connection with a continuation of the Congress unless it is in an advisory capacity, possibly in charge of the Berlin office and with a strong hand to subdue his self-advertising proclivities.3. The above represents Burnham's general views, in some cases expressed spontaneously, in others drawn out by questions, and it is now proposed to have a further meeting and ask him to talk about the development potentialities and techniques.LOUIS GLASERXIII/10/mkco: EIII ChronoXIII Subject FileMr. SchrayerSEGRET
[104-10174-10071.pdf — page 219]
# TOP SECRET4 August 1950MEMORANDUM FOR: CASETERCUGH: MR. SCHREYER, EE 3SUBJECT: Activities of Mr. Melvin Lasky in connection with Congress for Cultural Freedom (Project PDQUICK)1. This is in response to your request that we examine our files and submit a statement concerning the undue prominence given to Mr. Melvin Lasky in connection with the Cultural Congress.2. Lasky was publicly identified, early in the preparations for the Congress, as the spark plug and leading light. This unsatisfactory position vas anticipated by Mr. Wiener, who, in his approval of Project PDQUICK, cautioned against emphasis on Lasky's participation. (Attachment A).3. From the beginning, the home office was cognizant of the danger of a spotlight being thrown on any overt C. S. employee, and, in addition to previous warnings, on 7 April cabled specific instructions for the retirement of Lasky to the background. This and other admonitions, from the home office and the OPC German Mission chief; will be found at attachment B.4. However, a review of the publicity which the Congress received shows an unfortunate amount of concentration on Lasky. In Berlin, for instance, where the Congress received its greatest publicity output, out of 180 newspaper clippings which are available, approximately 15 specifically featured Lasky, some of them photographically. Of the U. S. and British press clippings which were available, several featured Lasky prominently. In a feature article in the *New Leader*, the subject of which was the Cultural Congress, Lasky was referred to as the initiator of the Congress and he was featured in at least two of the formal press releases which were given out in Berlin. Of the 73 photographs which covered the Congress and which were released for press and historical purposes, Lasky is prominently featured in 6. (a large amount of this publicity material, including photographs, press cuttings and press releases, is available in our files.) While Lasky's part as General Secretary was over-emphasized in a number of newspapers and periodicals, the most danaging article appeared as a review of the Congresa in the *Manchester Guardian*, written by the prominent historian, Mr. H. R. Trevor-Roper in which Lasky was described as connected with American Information Services and the organizer of the Congress. The statement was unfortunate because this was the only critical article of the Congress known to have appeared in the Western press. It passing, it zight be mentioned that the *Lordon Economist* also picked up Lasky's appointment as General Secretary, as suggesting U. S. sponsorship. Its review,SECRETCOPY 1 OF 6 CO. IES#2727
[104-10174-10071.pdf — page 220]
# SECREThowever, was laudatory and pointed up the sincerity and usefulness of the gathering. The holding of the Congress in Berlin was described as "a gesture of defiance"; the meeting was called an event of considerable significance" (strong words for the *London Economist*) and it was referred to as marking, or at least reflecting "a turning point of the western counter-attack in the cold war." "Korea," said the *Economist*, "made the fortune of the Congress and crystallized the real issue before the delegates." Trevor-Roper, in a letter to the *Economist*, commenting on its article, was much more temperate than in his article in the *Guardian*. For example, in the *Economist* he declared, "We were almost all united against Communism from the start."5.  At this point, it should be specified that from the time the Congress was first discussed, it was recognized that the Communist press would indict it as a fascist, war mongering, propaganda group operating under the intelligence auspices of the U. S. and that this accusation would be broadcast by the Communist machine (as it was) whether or not, in fact the Congress had been under any external controls. It was also recognized that the General Secretary of the Congress would inevitably receive a certain amount of attention from the press. It seems to be clear, however, that this amount of attention was unnecessarily large.6.  Notwithstanding the undue personal publicity achieved by Mr. Lasky, it is significant that:a. He played a most important role in the conception, development, organization and control of the Congress. Without his active interest and support the launching of the Congress would have been most difficult..b. The Congress was a highly successful operation. In its stand against intellectual neutrality in the struggle against Communism, its *Letter to the East*, its final "Manifesto," and its deliberations and intellectual discussions, the Congress has proven its propaganda value which will be extended and expanded to a greater degree in the future.![signature of Louis Glaser]LOUIS GLASEREE 3/LG/fårcc: OPC registry - 3 and 4 cf. 6ER - 2 of 6EE 3 - 5 and 6 of 6Attachments a and bSee description above![copy number]
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COPY7 April 1950MEMORANDUM FOR MESSRS. FRANKLINDSAYOFFIESUBJECT: Project FIXQUICK1. With reference to my conversation with Mr. Baker concerning the project outline covering the subject project, I have approved this project subject to the following condition. It makes no sense to me that we should state in paragraph 6 under the heading of security that all practicable measures will be taken to disguise the official U. S. interest, financial and otherwise; and at the same time to provide that one of the two active sponsors will be Mr. Melvin J. Lasky, editor of the overt HICOG monthly magazine "Der Monat." I understand that Mr. Lasky is needed as one of the principal organizers and operatives but I think it quite unnecessary for his name to be flourished about as a sponsor. After all, he is officially employed by HICOG--he is, therefore, an acknowledged member of the U. S. apparatus in Germany. Why then should his name be used? Reuter is an excellent sponsor and surely it will be possible to find one or more others--non-American or at least non-official American--to serve as sponsors.2. Generally in the same connection I assume that our consultant, Mr. Burnham, will operate in the wings and that his name will not be too prominently displayed. As the result of his recent book and the furer of communist commentary, he is a "sitting duck" for hostile propagania in my opinion. I am entirely in favor of his participating extensively in the arrangements, but the more his participation can be in the form of "off-stage shispers" the better./s/ F. G. W./wFGW:lgw/fdrAttachment: Subj. Proj. (38294)(Not attached to this copy)Distribution:1 of 2 - CER2 of 2 - CEE-3![signature]COPY 1 OF 2 COPIES41040 / Series. b
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SECRETROUTING AND RECORD SHEETINSTRUCTIONS: Officer designations should be used in the "TO" column. Under each comment a line should be drawn across sheet and each comment numbered to correspond with the number in the "TO" column. Each officer should initial. Check mark insufficient before further routing. This Record and Routing Sheet should be returned to Registry.FROM:KE 3| TO                 | ROOM NO. | DATE REC'D | DATE PRO'D | OFFICER'S INITIALS | COMMENTS                                                                       || ------------------ | -------- | ---------- | ---------- | ------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ || 1. KE 3 (Schreyer) |          |            |            |                    | Attachment R contains the following: WASH 2291 (OUT 52862) PEAN 139 (IN 22622) || 2. KE              |          |            |            |                    | WASH 2884 (OUT 53482) 945-CWUT0                                                || 3. Return to KE 3  |          |            |            |                    | FRAN 233 (IN 25106) FRAN 451 (IN 30207)                                        || 4.                 |          |            |            |                    | BRLN 3033 (IN 31100)                                                           || 5.                 |          |            |            |                    |                                                                                || 6.                 |          |            |            |                    |                                                                                || 7.                 |          |            |            |                    |                                                                                || 8.                 |          |            |            |                    |                                                                                || 9.                 |          |            |            |                    |                                                                                || 10.                |          |            |            |                    |                                                                                || 11.                |          |            |            |                    |                                                                                || 12.                |          |            |            |                    |                                                                                || 13.                |          |            |            |                    |                                                                                || 14.                |          |            |            |                    |                                                                                || 15.                |          |            |            |                    |                                                                                |SECRET