Francesco/who-killed-jfk huggingface dataset:
[104-10174-10071.pdf — page 186]
# SECRETAdhere to the defense of frecion and inlood to the expansion of free- dom. <sup>(1)</sup> Acting on a joint proposal of the Congress, cad the Assedly of the City of Berlin, Lord Mayor Renter announced a resolution to establish a memorial in honor of all those who have fallen ander totalitarian tyranny, the sonument to be erected in the British sector near the Brandenberg gate.<sup>(2)</sup>The final action of the Congress was self-perpetuation in the form of a standing Continuation Committee which in turn selected an Executive Committee, consisting oftIgnasio SiloneDavid RoussetArthur KoestlerIrving BrowCarlo SchmidFrancole Bondy was elected Field Secretary of the Executive Committee, which will maintain offices in Paris and Berlin..<sup>(1)</sup> Among the supporting statemente vore those of:Arthur Koestler: "The Congresa has unified all intellec- tuals who are not communists around a program for cultural freedom. He are prepared to take the offensive."Ignazio Silone: "We wen of the resistance propose to fore a new league of resistance to totalitarianism everywhere."Robert Montgomery: "There is no neutral corner in the field of freedom. If an artist shrinks from the fight for freedom he dies twice. Por he dies as an artist before he dies as a man."<sup>(3)</sup>The idea of a permanent monument was suggested to Havor Router by one of the delegates. Reuter, himself a victim of totalitarian oppression, pushed it through enthusiastically.# SECRET
[104-10174-10071.pdf — page 187]
# SECRET## IV. Future PlansThe first meeting of the Executive Committee, which will be controlled by OPC, is scheduled for Paris, in September, at which time arrangements will be made for future sessions of the Congress and the continued exploitation of its activities and the anti-communist declarations of its members.OPC plans for the exploitation of this operation called for clandestine dissemination of the output of the Congress, especially its resolutions, speeches and manifestos, throughout East Germany and the Soviet satellites. East Germany has already been covered once, through a special edition of the Neue Zeitung and reports carried by other papers which the OPC mission subsidizes and secretly distributes in Soviet Germany.Plans are now being perfected for circulation, in a number of languages, of millions of copies of the speeches, declarations and resolutions of the Congress. Much of this material has already been carried by the Voice of America and by Radio RIAS. Since the Congress has determined to perpetuate itself through a Continuation Committee, OPC will encourage additional statements and declarations by key persons, these also to be distributed throughout the satellite area.Many millions of people, some of them cut off from any news of resistance to communist tyranny over the thoughts of men, will be informed that not only are the philosophers and scientists and cultural leaders of the world outraged at the attempted obliteration of intellectual freedom, but that they propose to fight it.# SECRET
[104-10174-10071.pdf — page 188]
# SECRET- 8 -The project is a contiming one. There will be other sessions of the Cultural Congress and further dissemination of the voices of men who are free to say what they think and thus bring to those still enslaved the message that they too may hope to be free.SECRET
[104-10174-10071.pdf — page 189]
# SECRET# ROUTING AND RECORD SHEETINSTRUCTIONS: Officer designations should be used in the "TO" column. Under each comment a line should be drawn across sheet and each comment numbered to correspond with the number in the "TO" column. Each officer should initial (check mark insufficient) before further routing. This Routing and Record Shee should be returned to Registry.FROM:|                |                |            || -------------- | -------------- | ---------- || III/RE - D & P | Date Received: | NO.        ||                |                | 323-CF6WN  || TO             | ROOM NO        | DATE       ||                |                | 9 Dec 1950 ||     |        |            | OFFICER'S INITIALS | COMMENTS                 || --- | ------ | ---------- | ------------------ | ------------------------ || 1.  | C/EE   |            | EAS gatomo on      | DISTRIBUTION:            ||     |        | 13 hour    |                    | Copy 1 of 3  attachments ||     |        |            |                    | 1.  ✅                    ||     |        |            |                    | 2.                       ||     |        |            |                    | 3.                       || 2.  | Farmer | Road. of   | 717                | Copy 2 of 3  attachments ||     |        | bove filed |                    | 1. C/EE 4                ||     |        | FOQUICK    |                    | 2. 5F 2 5                ||     |        |            |                    | 3. 6                     || 3.  |        |            |                    | Copy 3 of 3  attachments ||     |        |            |                    | 1. C/EE                  ||     |        |            |                    | 2. EAD                   ||     |        |            |                    | 3. III/RE-File           || 4.  |        |            |                    |                          || 5.  |        |            |                    |                          || 6.  |        |            |                    |                          || 7.  |        |            |                    |                          || 8.  |        |            |                    |                          || 9.  |        |            |                    |                          || 10. |        |            |                    |                          || 11. |        |            |                    |                          || 12. |        |            |                    |                          || 13. |        |            |                    |                          || 14. |        |            |                    |                          || 15. |        |            |                    |                          |> [Figure] The words FIELD DISPATCH are written diagonally across the form.FORM NO. 51-10FEB 1950SECRET
[104-10174-10071.pdf — page 190]
CRET-3-State telogram requesting priority cooperation of all Cononlar officers in providing entry porte for delegatos, several cables expressing overall interest and extraordinarily complete arrangements to cover the Congress by VOA. To accomplish this latter mission, VOA's special representative in Berlin rado elaborate arrangements for re-broadcasting from New York.III. The Sessions of the Congress.The Congress convened in Berlin on 26 June 1950 and consisted of more than 100 representatives of 16 nations. [^1] It was officially welcomed by the City of Berlin and was greeted with an outpouring of publicity in the European and American press.The impact of the Congress on the prese of Europe cannot be re-corded fully at this time. Clippings and a complete operational re-pert have not yet been received from the field. There are many known indications, however, that it was furiously opposed by the communist press. Soviet-sponsored papers and Radio Berlin denounced delegates ae the hounds of dell Street and oven accused Congress members of setting fire to the House of Soviet Culture. The Congress was said[^1]: Among the leading delegates: Great Britain R. H. S. Crossman, MP, author, editor of New Statesman and Sation; Arthur Koestler, auth Herbert Read, art critic, poet, novelist. France Henri Frenay, oditur; Susanne Lebin, author: Andre Malraux, author, Gabriel Marcel, philosopher; Andre Fhilip, professor of economice; Jules Romains, novelist. Germany -Frans Borkenau, historian and Journalist: Anna Siamsen, educator, Carlo Scheld, political scientist, educator. USA - Sidney Hook, educator and philosopher, Irving Brown, labor leader; George Schuyler, editor: H.Kueller Professor of Biology, Nobel prize winner; A. M. Schlesinger, .. Professor of History. Switzerland-Francois Bondy, editor; Wilhelm Roepke, Sociologist and economist. Horvay Haakon Lic, labor leader. Italy - Ignazio Silone, Novelist: Franco Lombardi, philosopher Russia *Nicolai Andreyev, literary critic, lecturer: Boris Nicolaevaky historian. Holland - Hendryk Brugmans, Professor. Turkey slan Mimbared, Journalist. Czechoslovakia - Karel Kupka, Professor, Sweden,- Ture Nerman, poet and editor.
[104-10174-10071.pdf — page 191]
32-C:SUBJECT: American BalletTO: Chief, FJCAPS Washington, D. C. DFO: Chief, DRAFEDATTN: Joseph E. Stribling1 December 19501.  For the reasons outlined below, we have been forced to take emergency action on the following matters.2.  During the period of preparation for FDQUICK; Hallison has in hand a project which involved bringing the American Ballet to Berlin for a brief series of performances in both the east and west sectors of the city. We encouraged him in this idea, since the performance dates coincided with FDQUICK, and would have added substantially to the culture surrounding the central event. Hallison, however, was faced with a complicated financing problem, since the business manager of the ballet company wouldn't accept marks, and Hallison had no dollars for such purposes. At that time we indicated, because of the advantage to FDQUICK, that we would resolve his difficulty by exchanging his money for him.3.  For a variety of reasons, the ballet was delayed and couldn't include Berlin during the period in question. We regarded the deal as dead and put it out of our minds, but not Hallison. He chose to regard our commitment as open, and without consulting us until today, has obligated himself to pay 3050 green dollars to the ballet company, which is arriving in Berlin tomorrow, and whose business manager expects to be paid immediately on arrival. Both Hallison, and indirectly Balster, have appealed to us to take him off the hook. We have informed him that such deals are contrary to FJCAPE policy, and anyway our original reason for considering such assistance is no longer operative. But because he and his shop are extremely useful to us in a variety of ways, we have told him we might perform the service of exchanging his marks on the open market, citing a six-to-one rate as probably the best obtainable.4.  Regardless of what Hallison has been told, we do not wish to involve this mission in local open market transactions. We are, therefore, exchanging from our funds here 3050 green dollars for 18,300 Deutsche marks from Hallison. He will, of course, obtain a mark receipt from the ballet company's business manager in order to keep his books straight, and no paper outside FCAPE files referring to this matter will exist. We believe this operation secure and not disadvantageous to FJCAPE from either a financial or influence standpoint.SECRET
[104-10174-10071.pdf — page 193]
ERIXON11 December 1950323-CFOMUSUBJECT: American BalletTO: Chief, FJCAFEWashington, D. C.INFO: Chief, DTRAPIDATTN: Joseph K. Stribling1. For the reasons outlined below, we have been forced to take emergency action on the following matters.2. During the period of preparation for PDQUICK, Hallison had in hand a project which involved bringing the American Ballet to Berlin for a brief series of performances in both the east and west sectors of the city. We encouraged him in this idea, since the performance dates coincided with PDQUICK, and would have added substantially to the culture surrounding the central event. Hallison, however, was faced with a complicated financing problem, since the business manager of the ballet company wouldn't accept marks, and Hallison had no dollars for such purposes. At that time we indicated, because of the advantage to PDQUICK, that we would resolve his difficulty by exchanging his money for him.3. For a variety of reasons, the ballet was delayed and couldn't include Berlin during the period in question. We regarded the deal as dead and put it out of our minds, but not Mallison. He chose to regard our commitment as open, and without consulting us until today, has obligated himself to pay 3050 green dollars to the ballet company, which is arriving in Berlin tomorrow, and whoss business manager expects to be paid immediately on arrival. Both Hallison, and indirectly Falster, have appealed to us to take him off the hook. Wo have informed him that such deals are contrary to FJCAFE policy, and anyway our original reason for considering such assistance is no longer operative. But because he and his shop are extremely useful to us in a variety of ways, we have told his we might perform the service of exchanging his marks on the open market, citing a six-to-ons rate as probably the best obtainable.4. Rogardless of what Wallison has been told, we do not wish to involve this mission in local open market transactions. We are, therefore, exchanging from our funds bere 3050 green dollars for 18,300 Deutsche marks from Hallison. He will, of course, obtain a mark receipt fro. the ballet company's business manager in order to keep his books straight, and no paper outside FJCAFE files referring to this matter will oxist. We believe this operation secure and not disadvantageous to FJCAFE froa either a financial or influence standpoint.HERBERT S. SPARTHKCION
[104-10174-10071.pdf — page 194]
### Subjectre: prime, Frame St.regarding to FamilyLetter of Instructions### Date26 Feb-57
[104-10174-10071.pdf — page 195]
# SECRETII Cortoler 1970MEMORANDUM FOR: ADPCVIA: EESUBJECT: Unalassified IIC report on Congress of Cultural FreedomREFERENCE: APO memorandum of 22 August, same subject1. In regard to the recommendations contained in paragraph 6 of reference memorandum, an inquiry was sent to the Chief of the German Mission to determine the author of subject report and the circumstances surrounding its preparation. On 6 September the German Mission Chief replied as follows:a. Subject report was one of three reported by Mr. Kenneth Downs, Mr. Delvin Leaky, and Mr. Half Ion Sehmitt, the latter being Deputy Chief of the Editorial Projection Branch, IWD. Subject report, sent to State Department, is verbatim as prepared by Mr. Von Eckart.b. Mr. Von Eckart was present throughout the Congress and required no assistance or guidance in preparation of this report. It is considered unlikely that he had in mind promoting the interests of Mr. Leaky, with whom he had a sharp disagreement concerning press relations. Mr. Von Eckart originally went to the Congress expecting to handle the press but was abruptly cut off by Leaky to make way for another individual.c. The document was not classified by HWD because it was considered to contain nothing of a classified nature; there was no internal HWD distribution of it outside of Dr. Stone's Public Affairs Division.d. The original report bears a notation by Mr. William J. Evans, Chief of ISD, to the effect that he considered it "relatively objective". The Chief of our German Mission himself considers the report a fair summary of IICCO's quite enthusiastic reaction to the Congress as a whole.e. It is known to the Chief of the German Mission that Leaky is not aware of the existence of subject report.2. This report was handled in a quite routine manner upon receipt by the State Department here, getting neither highly limited nor highly wide-spread distribution. In addition to the Office of German Affairs, it was also sent to United Nations Affairs, Office of Libraries and Institutions, Mr. Barrett's division, and the division concerned with international organizations and conferences. So far as Mr. Bruce Buttles, who has been most discreet and helpful to us throughout the Congress matter, has been able to find out the report eventual no particular stir one way or the other.PDCUICK
[104-10174-10071.pdf — page 196]
3. There have been no recent incidents involving Mr. Lasky, and it appears at this point that control of him is well in hand.4. Mr. Lasky’s own report of the downscene is written in narrative rather than editorial style. It mentions primarily the financial aspects of the downpress but does not go completely overboard and makes no mention whatever of Lasky’s own part in it. It does not appear at all to be an ex-spiking document but simply one which was written in a flash of enthusiasm.5. EE-3 is retaining subject report in the Ploquick file.John E. NokesJEB/njhcc: CFC FileCIC ChronoSPEE-3 ChronoEE-3 PLQICK file
[104-10174-10071.pdf — page 197]
# 486418FOREIGN SERVICE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICASECURITY: SECRETPRIORITY: AIR POUCHRETAIN OR DESTROYTO: Department of StateFROM: HICOG Frankfurt 260, July 26, 1950 1 EnclosureREF: Dept Cable Srl No. 1509, 13 Sep 49, to USPOLAD FrankfurtSUBJECT: PERIPHERAL - ACTIVITIES IN GERMANY OF BORIS IVANOVICH NIKOLAEVSKI.Enclosed is a memorandum describing the activities of Boris Ivanovich Nikolaevski, head of the socialist League of New York, who has been in Germany for the past six weeks. It will be noted that Mr. Nikolaevski has been endeavoring to establish a bloc of left and center groups within the Russian emigration and that he is hopeful of obtaining the support of the executive committee set up by the recent Congress for Cultural Freedom in Berlin for a congress to be held in Paris attended by representatives of so-called "democratic" groups within the Russian emigration and by democratic figures from Western Europe and the United States.It is recommended that the Department give serious consideration to the position which it should take with respect to Nikolaevski's proposal. If plans are proceeding to create a unified front within the Russian emigration which would receive American support in accordance with the recommendations set forth in the Halley report, it would appear inadvisable at this stage to give any official encouragement to a congress of Russian groups which would not be fully representative and would therefore tend to emphasize divergent trends within the emigration rather than minimizing differences and endeavoring to enlist broad support within the emigration for a program of anti-Communist activity.B. R. ShuteDirectorOffice of IntelligenceEnclosure:MemorandumDistribution:American Embassy, ParisHICOG Eastern Element, BerlinFBStevens/amsSECRETTHIS IS NOT A PERMANENT RECORD COPY.
[104-10174-10071.pdf — page 198]
# SECRETEnclosure to HICOO FrankfurtDespatch 2.3, July 26, 1950## ACTIVITIES IN GERMANY OF BORIS IVANOVICH NIKOLAEVSKIBoris Ivanovich Nikolaevski, the well-known Russian historian and Journalist and head of the New York socialist League, has been in Germany for the past six weeks attempting to line up support for a bloo of Russian groups of the left and conter and to promote a congress of "demcoratio" elements within the emigration which hồ hopes to convene in Paris in the fall under the sponsorship of the executive committee created at the recent Perlin Congress for Cultural Freedom.Nikolaevski is a man of great energy and of very considerable stature among the Russian refugees in Germany. By virtue of his long-standing record as a social democrat he has axoullent contacts with Geman social-democratic and trade union dralos and has been parsonally acquainted with many of the present leaders of these organizations since his residence in Berlin in the early 308. He also enjoys wide confidence among Russian refugees by virtue of the fact that he was the first old Russian emigre of any stature to come to Germany after the war in an effort to give encouragement and assistance to members of the new Russian emigration.Nikolaevaki has divided his time between Munich, Berlia and Frankfurt and has talked with a constant stream of visitors.He has aise made numerous side trips to seek out refugees in whom he is interested. His principal objective has been to unite as many of the progressive or, as he cells them, "democratie" Russian groups as possible in an organization which will concentrate on the struggle against Communism. He has susoeaded in establishing glose personal relations with Boris Aleksandrovich Yakovlev head of SHONR (Fighting Unica for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia), and has also interosted SVOD, the military twin of SBONR, and the Solidariste.. (NTS) in his plan. As far as I have been able to discover, however, no agreement has been reached between these groups for the formation of a united organization, and NTS, following its oustomary practice, has indicated a willingness to cooperate but has not committed itself beyond that point.Nikolaevski anticipates some opposition to his project from the left wing of the New York League by virtue of the Vlasovite antecedents of these organizations, but feels that he can eventually gain the support of his own organization. It is presumed that, final negotiations for the establishment of the hew orgrization will take place only after Nikolaevski returns to New York and gains League endorsement of his activities in Germany.SECRET
[104-10174-10071.pdf — page 199]
# SECRETPage 2 of Encoure to HICOOFrankfurt Desch 260After the Berlin Congress for Cultural Freedom, in which Nikolaevski played a prominent and enthusiastic role, he conceived a new project namely the convocation of a conferanco in Paris under the sponsorship of the permanent executive committee orcated at the Berlin Congress, The Paris congress would be attended by "democratic" Russian emigres, both old and new, as well as by "democratic" leaders and intellectuais from Western Europe and the United States, including a number who attended the Berlin conference. The principal purpose of the Paris congress would be propagandistic; it would, in Nikolaevski's words, constitute a demonstration of the solidarity of anti-Communist sentiment among the Russian emigration and the democratic forces of the Western world.Nikolaovski is a convinced and doctrinaire socialist and is firmly opposed to cooperation with or apparently even exposure to those groups within the enigration which are not ideologically sympathetic to him. His particular antipathy i8 dirested toward the Supreme Monarchist Council (VMS) and its president, Yuri Meyer, who, he claims, is manipulated by the staister behind-the-scenes figure of Colonel Baranovaki. He ean pred use no evidence beyond rumor to support his allegations regarding the role of Colonel Baranovaki who himself has person ally denied to me in the most emphatic terms that he plays any political pole whatsoever. It is a striking ceincidonce that Colonel Neryanin, the head of SVOD, one of the organizations which Nikolaevaki includes in his proposed union, is one of the principal assistants in the intelligence network of Colonel Barabovaki, who exprusses the highest regard for him.I suggested to Nikolaevaki, and discussed with him as considerable length, the Gesirability of broadening the proposed. Paris congress to include representatives of all the principal groups represented in the emigration. I pointed out that the propaganda value of a congress in which the principal elements in the emigration were represented would be substantially greater than that of a meeting with caly fragmentary representa- tion; that a meeting from which certain influential groups were exoluded might result in a rival congress which would merely underline the diversive trends within the emigration and tend to crystallize them; that a congress meeting under the banner of demooraoy should be prepared to permit a demcoratie expression of opirion; and that participation in a meating of this kind with rival groups would in no sense constitute endorsement or approval of their programs. To these arguments Nikolaevski tumed a deaf ear. He stands fimly on the position that the social democrats, whom he consistentiy refers to as "democrats," cannot afford to compromise themselves or endanger their standing with the Russian people by the slightest evidence of cooperation with the right wing.SECRET