Francesco/who-killed-jfk huggingface dataset:
[104-10150-10136.pdf — page 163]
# Top Secret(AMERICAN EMBASSY SECTION - January 1960-January 1962)-I maintained the file on American Embassy security.-I maintained the log books for the reports sent to the First (American Embassy) Section by the Operational Technical Directorate, KGB, based on the information obtained from all the microphones installed in the American Embassy. I read all the reports and gave the pertinent reports to the appropriate case officers in the section. In my absence this work was done by KOVSHUK or GRYAZNOV.-During this period I was the agent handler for agents 'SHMELEV', 'GRIGORIY', 'PROKHOR', 'ARTUR' and 'SARDAR' [VOLKOV, YEFREMOV, PREISFREUND), FRIPPEL and WEISS respectively).Throughout this entire period I sat in Room 618 of KGB Headquarters at House Number 2, Dzherzhinskiy Square, Moscow. GRYAZNOV and KOSOLAPOV shared this office with me throughout most of this period."Comment: NOSENKO's assertions with respect to each of these claimed functions are examined in some detail in the following pages.Deputy and Occasional Acting Chief of SectionSince his defection NOSENKO has maintained under repeated interrogation that as general deputy to KOVSHUK, with the responsibility of taking over in KOVSHUK's absence, he had access to and was obliged to keep current on all information relating to the section's activities. On this basis he has assured his questioners that the KGB was 'completely unsuccessful in its attempts to recruit Americans assigned to the Embassy in these two years. NOSENKO has also said at various times that his access to section files and his association with section officers made it certain that there were no such KGB successes even in the periods156Top SecretTS No. 197124Copy 31BR
[104-10150-10136.pdf — page 164]
# Top Secret(AMERICAN EMBASSY SECTION - January 1960-January 1962)1955-1960 and 1962-1964, when he was assigned in the Seventh Department. His statements on this subject during February 1965 were distilled in a protocol which NOSENKO signed on 20 February:"As the only Deputy to the Chief of the American Embassy Section, First Department, Second Chief Directorate, KGB, Vladislav Mikhaylovich KOVSHUK, from January 1960 to January 1962, one of my functions was to serve as KOVSHUK's general deputy and to assume the rights and responsibilities of Chief of the Section during KOVSHUK's absence. In order to perform this function I had the right and the obligation of knowing the details about every important activity of the section against the American Embassy and its personnel. No activity of this nature was withheld from me.""As Deputy Chief of the Section I know definitely that no U.S. officials serving in the Embassy were agents of the KGB or reporting unofficially in any way to the KGB during my service in the Section. There were no approaches or recruitments made by the Section during the period January 1960 to January 1962 against personnel of the American Embassy, including personnel of the Attaches (Army, Navy, and Air), the Department of Agriculture and USIA, including Marine guards, Army sergeants, State Department code clerks except against [STORS-BERG] and [KEYSERS] both unsuccessful approaches.""There were no approaches or recruitments made against any employees of the United States Government who were assigned to the. American Embassy on temporary duty during this period. I have read and understood this report and certify it as correct."157Top SecretIS No. 197124Copy 10
[104-10150-10136.pdf — page 165]
# Top Secret(AMERICAN EMBASSY SECTION - January 1960-January 1962)In the two years of NOSENKO's service in the section there were a total of over three months when he said KOVSHUK was ill or on leave. NOSENKO recalled that he was Acting Chief during KOVSHUK's two 30-day leave periods in 1960 and 1961, although he did not remember precisely in which months. He also served as Acting Chief for about a month in the summer of 1960 when KOVSHUK was in the KGB hospital with heart trouble and for a week or two some time in 1961, again when KOVSHUK was ill. He recalled that KOVSHUK was also absent for several days in connection with preparations for President Eisenhower's planned visit to the Soviet Union in 1960.As Acting Chief in KOVSHUK's absence, NOSENKO stated that he was responsible for supervising the administrative work and operational activity of the entire section and, in particular, for assuming KOVSHUK's work in directing operations against diplomatic personnel assigned to the American Embassy.NOSENKO could recall no operational decisions that he made as acting chief, nor any specific or unusual occurrences during these times. NOSENKO said that the only specific responsibility of KOVSHUK's which he handled in the Chief's absence was reporting to the Chief of the First Department about all correspondence going out of the Embassy Section. NOSENKO stated he met none of KOVSHUK's agents during his absences, nor could he remember any of them except GLAZUNOV [whom NOSENKO said in April 1964 was his own agent and later said was "KOVSHUK's and FEDYANIN's"] and the American correspondent [STEVENS][about whom NOSENKO had reported in connection with his activities in 1953-55].According to NOSENKO, KOVSHUK had personal contact, under Ministry of Foreign Affairs cover, with "some" American Embassy officers, but the only such Embassy officer he could identify was WINTERS, and he knew of no details about KOVSHUK's relations with him.
[104-10150-10136.pdf — page 166]
# Top Secret(AMERICAN EMBASSY SECTION - January 1960-January 1962)Comment: NOSENKO knows neither that [William N. MORELL] was identified formally by the Embassy to the Soviet Government to be a CIA employee, nor that KOVSHUK (who was aware of this fact), was in personal contact with [MORELL].General Supervisory DutiesIn interrogations of January 1965 NOSENKO was questioned in considerable detail about his supervisory duties as Deputy Chief of the Embassy Section. He didn't know what major duties occupied most of his time, nor which were the most important: He stated that "everything" was important. His subordinates were GRYAZNOV and KOSOLAPOV (responsible for code clerk operations), [Vladimir] DEMKIN assisted by [Yevgeniy] GROMAKOVSKIY (residents of America House), [N.A.] GAVRILENKO (Air Attaches personnel and the aircrews of the Ambassador's aircraft), (I.Ya.) KURILENKO (Army Attache personnel), and [Victor) BELOGLAZOV (Naval Attache personnel). Except for "little questions" which the officers decided for themselves, NOSENKO said he directed their activities, discussed with them various aspects of their work, and responded to their questions as required. If he could not answer their questions, NOSENKO stated, or if the problem was not within his authority, NOSENKO discussed the matter with KOVSHUK. If it was necessary, NOSENKO claimed he thereafter would discuss the matter with American Department Chief KLYPIN or his successor, [S.M.] FEDOSEYEV, and on some occasions, with Second Chief Directorate Chief GRIBANOV.NOSENKO stated he accompanied his subordinates to some meetings with their agents, not because he didn't trust them, but to hear for himself what the agent was reporting. He cited as hypothetical examples occasions when DEMKIN might relay reports from Ella UMANETS or Inga VARLAMOVA (agents working against America House residents), reports which NOSENKO would want to hear for himself, personally. NOSENKO would not estimate to his interrogators what percentage of Embassy Section agents he met in this fashion.159Top SecretTS No. 197124Copy 10
[104-10150-10136.pdf — page 167]
# Top Secret(AMERICAN EMBASSY SECTION - January 1960-January 1962)In addition to supervising his subordinates's direction of agents, NOSENKO said he personally managed [PREISFREUND]06 ("PROKHOR") and [WEISS] ("SARDAR").## Supervisor of All Code Clerk OperationsNOSENKO said that, upon assuming responsibility for supervising operations against American code clerks, he found a very "difficult situation". Prior to the assignment of KOSOLAPOV to the American Embassy Section in late 1959, all operations against code clerks had been handled by MALYUGIN, but during MALYUGIN's two years of effort there had been no operational approaches and no successes. When NOSENKO took over there were no active developmental operations against code clerks under way, he stated, and the only agents or operational contacts being used against them were poorly educated maids and waitresses none of whom had accomplished anything of importance. No non-Soviet citizen agents were being used in operations against code-room personnel.According to NOSENKO, in January or February of 1960 GRYAZNOV was assigned to the American Embassy Section as a second assistant to NOSENKO in his code clerk activities. From this point on, NOSENKO, KOSOLAPOV, and GRYAZNOV shared the same KGB Headquarters office. There, all KGB files on American code clerks as well as the files on all agents available for work against them, were stored in one large safe accessible to all three officers. NOSENKO supervised all of the section's work along these lines, and no provocations, compromises, recruitment attempts, or recruitments could have been planned or carried out without his prior knowledge and agreement when he was in Moscow. If NOSENKO was absent on a trip, he would have been told about any such activity upon his return.NOSENKO said that he carefully directed the work of GRYAZNOV and KOSOLAPOV during these two years, discussing their cases with them, taking part in operational planning, and approving or disapproving all operational measures.
[104-10150-10136.pdf — page 168]
# Top Secret(AMERICAN EMBASSY SECTION - January 1960-January 1962)When NOSENKO took over responsibility for operations against code clerks, he read files on targets and agents, discussed the situation with MALYUGIN, DEMKIN (the American Embassy Section case officer responsible for the residents of America House), GRYAZNOV, and KOSOLAPOV, and reported his findings and recommendations to his superiors, KOVSIHUK and KLYPIN. Several changes were made as a result, NOSENKO asserted. In introducing a new program for the work of the section, NOSENKO suggested the use of third-country nationals (neither American nor Soviet citizens) for agent work against code clerks; in line with this suggestion, he personally recruited a Syrian military officer, Samih WEISS (see p. 181), and directed him against the America House. After his first few visits, WEISS was specifically targetted against military code clerk Matthew ZUJUS. Another such agent directly handled by NOSENKO was the Finnish business-man Johan PREISFREUND, who figured in the case of the military code clerk James STORSBERG (see p.166). NOSENKO also suggested initiating activity against code clerks prior to their arrival in the USSR and specifically proposed that operational measures be undertaken or that operational possibilities be studied in Helsinki, the city through which most of the American code clerks passed on their way to Moscow.Comment: Questioned later on individual cases, NOSENKO retracted his assertion that he read and studied all the files on individual American code clerks, stating instead that he did not study any although he "may have skimmed some". He insisted, however, that in any event he read all the current incoming information on code clerks received from microphones, agents and the like, and routed the reports to the case officer concerned.
[104-10150-10136.pdf — page 169]
# Top Secret(AMERICAN EMBASSY SECTION - January 1960-January 1962)GOLITSYN'S Information About KGB Operations Against Embassy Code Clerks in 1960-1961The most significant collateral information about KGB operations against American code clerks in this period, with which to compare NOSENKO's assertions [on this topic], is that provided by GOLITSYN after his defection in 1961.GOLITSYN identified KOSOLAPOV and GRYAZNOV by name and from photograph as being two veteran KGB officers, personally known to him, who were in 1960 "working against code clerks in the American Embassy in Moscow." With respect to the priority attached to the recruitment of American code clerks in 1960, GOLITSYN commented in 1961 that: "The task of strengthening of work against Americans had been a standing requirement, both in the past and most particularly [in 1960]. This work was particularly intensified after the appointment of SHELEPIN to the KGB... In 1960, it was recommended in the KGB to intensify the work against the Americans at the Embassy in Moscow, and against American colonies in other countries... This question of intensifying work against the Americans was up before the Collegium of the KGB. Thereafter there was a directive from SIHELEPIN regarding the intensification of work against the American cipher-clerks."GOLITSYN said that NOSENKO was not assigned to the Embassy Section in 1960-1961, since if he had been GOLITSYN would have known about it.Preparing for his assignment to Helsinki, GOLITSYN in the spring of 1960 visited the Embassy Section and learned from GRYAZNOV that the latter had as an agent an Embassy code clerk who was scheduled to be transferred to Helsinki. The code clerk had already provided the KGB with some information and he was considered by the KGB to be a "real" agent. GOLITSYN was told by GRYAZNOV that if the code clerk's transfer materialized, GOLITSYN might have him in Helsinki as his agent.
[104-10150-10136.pdf — page 170]
# Top Secret(AMERICAN EMBASSY SECTION - January 1960-January 1962)GOLITSYN also learned from GRYAZNOV in spring of 1960 that the latter had developed an operation against an Embassy military code clerk in which the KGB was "99 per cent sure" that the target would be recruited.GRYAZNOV informed GOLITSYN in April or May 1960 that an American employee of the Embassy in Moscow, possibly a code clerk, was either recruited or prepared for recruitment on the basis of homosexual compromise beginning in 1959 and concluding in 1960. The KGB had photographed the American in various homosexual acts but SHELEPIN, who had just become Chairman of the KGB, at the time was stressing ideological rather than blackmail recruitments. SHELEPIN said that the homosexual blackmail was in this instance "too dirty", and the KGB should find another basis for recruitment. SHELEPIN did not exclude future use of the photographs, which the KGB would hold in reserve.While on a temporary assignment to Helsinki in November 1960, V.V. KOSOLAPOV told GOLITSYN that he had come to Helsinki in order to accompany an Embassy code clerk back to Moscow on the train. KOSOLAPOV planned to strike up an acquaintance with the code clerk which he could continue to develop in Moscow. In September 1961 a friend of KOSOLAPOV also visited Helsinki on temporary duty. GOLITSYN tried to get him to talk about KOSOLAPOV's November train operation, but KOSOLAPOV's friend would not discuss the case. GOLITSYN reasoned that there would be no reluctance to discuss the case if it had been unsuccessful, and that therefore KOSOLAPOV must have been successful in developing the code clerk on the train or afterwards.GOLITSYN learned in January 1961 from V.M. KOVSHUK that the Finnish agent Johannes PREISFREUND had recently been used in the successful recruitment of an American employee of the Embassy.163Top Secret
[104-10150-10136.pdf — page 171]
# Top Secret(AMERICAN EMBASSY SECTION - January 1960-January 1962)Comment: Two of GOLITSYN's leads may refer to [STORSBERG] and [GARLAND] (see below). The other leads, more than one of which may refer to the same individual, have not resulted in an identification of any code clerk target of the KGB.## Operations Against Military Code ClerksComment: According to official U.S. Government records, Service Attaches of the Embassy in Moscow as of 1960 shared a single cryptographic center and a single military code clerk (except when two code clerks overlapped during periods of turnover). The military code clerk was responsible for enciphering and deciphering the traffic of all three military services. In practice, at least one other member of the Service Attaches' offices in Moscow held a cryptographic clearance and was trained to replace the regular military code clerk when the latter was absent.[James STORSBERG was the only military code clerk assigned to the Moscow Embassy from February 1960 to September 1961, when his successor, [Matthew ZUJUS], arrived. [STORSBERG himself arrived in Moscow in January 1960 and departed in November 1961.During the period of [STORSBERG]'s tour in Moscow, back-up. cryptographic duties were performed by the [Military Communications Officer, CWO-2 HURLEY]. [HURLEY] performed these duties on a number of occasions, including the night of the KGB approach to [STORSBERG] and he could be loosely termed a code clerk. (Although NOSENKO has distinguished between [STORSBERG]'s function as "military code clerk" and [HURLEY]'s duties as "military code machine mechanic", he considered both to be within the general category
[104-10150-10136.pdf — page 172]
# Top Secret(AMERICAN EMBASSY SECTION - January 1960-January 1962)Comment: (Continued) of "military code clerks". NOSENKO reported that there was no KGB operation against 06 HURLEY) Additionally, HURLEY performed repair 06 work on the cryptographic machines and directed certain other sensitive activities at the Embassy 06 HURLEY's tour in Moscow began shortly 06 before (STORSBERG's, in December 1959, and he served there until June or July 1962.The only other person performing official functions in the military code room during the 1960-61 period was James KEYSERS, who arrived 06 in Moscow on 22 December 1960 and was assigned to the office of the Air Force Medical Officer. As a concurrent secondary assignment, KEYSERS 06 worked as a clerk-typist in the office of the Air Attache. From February until mid-April 1961, as a collateral duty, KEYSERS worked in 06 the joint military code room where he was in training to serve as back-up cryptographer. He was relieved of this duty in April 1961 for reasons of low aptitude and lack of interest; in June 1961 he was removed from Moscow because of reported homosexual activities.The significance of the following cases, particularly that of STORSBERG, is the extent06 to which collateral information corroborates or contradicts NOSENKO's claims to have been Deputy Chief of the American Embassy Section, to have supervised all KGB operations against Embassy code clerks, and to have certain know- ledge that no Americans in the Embassy were recruited between "ANDREY" (Dayle SMITH) in 1953 and NOSENKO's defection in 1964.165Top Secret8/BR0001435TS No. 197124Copy 10
[104-10150-10136.pdf — page 173]
# Top Secret(AMERICAN EMBASSY SECTION - January 1960-January 1962)Attempted Recruitment of STORSBERG[^06]NOSENKO'S Information-1962NOSENKO first alluded to a KGB attempt to recruit an unnamed American military code clerk during his initial meeting with CIA in 1962. He was describing a new technique (which he later claimed to be his own idea) introduced in the 1960-1961 period to overcome the reluctance of Americans in Moscow to develop friendships with Soviet citizens.Beginning in 1960 the KGB instructed "third-national" agents (Germans, Frenchmen, and Finns, for example) to visit the American Club on Kropotkinskaya Naberezhnaya to cultivate American enlisted men living there. (GOLITSYN learned of one such agent of NOSENKO and the KGB concluded that GOLITSYN had reported the KGB practise to the Americans, because foreigners no longer were permitted to enter the America House billets freely for dances, movies, and the like at the club there.) NOSENKO had recruited the agent known to GOLITSYN in order to develop an American military code clerk. Without identifying either the foreign agent or the American target, NOSENKO provided further details on the case in subsequent meetings.Recruiting a military code clerk from the Embassy was the American Embassy Section's "number one assignment", and for a year NOSENKO was involved in an operation against such a target almost to the exclusion of all other duties. The case was considered to be the "number one" case, and KGB Chairman SHELEPIN as well as Second Chief Directorate Chief GRIBANOV impatiently inquired as to its progress. The target was an American [Army sergeant] with about 20 years' service[^08] who, the KGB learned, wanted to retire and take a position [as a code clerk] with the State Department. For the purpose[^08] of developing the target, NOSENKO recruited a foreigner who visited the USSR frequently. The "third-national" agent was placed in contact with the American, and they had several drinking bouts together. After about two months, NOSENKO instructed his agent to take the American to the agent's hotel room and introduce him there to a KGB female agent.1660001436Top Secret3/BRTS No. 197124Copy
[104-10150-10136.pdf — page 174]
# Top Secret(AMERICAN EMBASSY SECTION - January 1960-January 1962)Although the girl and the American were intimate, no photographs were taken, nor were photographs taken the next time the agent provided the American with a girl. On the third such occasion, however, the KGB technicians did obtain incriminating photographs. The foreign agent also involved the American in an illicit currency transaction in which the American contributed $300 as his share to finance the purchase and subsequent sale of some jewels. The American was allowed to believe that he earned a $5,000 profit: the money was actually furnished by the KGB.After a year's development, GRIBANOV decided that a recruitment should be attempted, through another foreigner. The original foreign agent was withdrawn from the operation, and a KGB officer, Nikolay Semenovich SKVORTSOV, was introduced to the American in the guise of wealthy French businessman "Marcel MICHAUD". SKVORTSOV/MICHAUD met and drank with the American several times, "even at America House". It was SKVORTSOV's estimate that the American was very careful, but that he might be susceptible to recruitment while drunk. After meeting with the American at the club in America House one evening, SKVORTSOV telephoned him and invited him to SKVORTSOV's hotel room to meet "two Dutch girls". When he arrived, SKVORTSOV explained that the girls had refused to come, but that he could call another girl for the American. The girl (identified by NOSENKO in 1964 as Inga VARLAMOVA) was a KGB agent of GRYAZNOV's who was used for such operations, and she and the American were intimate in SKVORTSOV's hotel room. In an adjacent room were GRIBANOV, NOSENKO, KOVSHUK, and another KGB officer. In another adjacent room were technicians of the Operational Technical Directorate, who taped the American's conversations. When the American left SKVORTSOV's room at two o'clock in the morning, he was "very tipsy". NOSENKO and another officer intercepted him in the hallway, escorted him into the adjacent room, and locked the door. NOSENKO himself solicited the American's collaboration with the KGB in exchange for $20,000 in cash (which was offered in two packages of $10 notes) and the promise of additional sums. When the American refused, the KGB officers disclosed their knowledge of his plan to transfer to the State Department. They threatened to inform the Embassy that he had collaborated with the KGB, in which case he would get neither the cash nor the job with167Top Secret0001437TS No. 197124Copy 10